WO2022260200A1 - 무선 통신 시스템에서 배터리 효율을 고려하여 핸드오버를 수행하기 위한 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
무선 통신 시스템에서 배터리 효율을 고려하여 핸드오버를 수행하기 위한 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022260200A1 WO2022260200A1 PCT/KR2021/007342 KR2021007342W WO2022260200A1 WO 2022260200 A1 WO2022260200 A1 WO 2022260200A1 KR 2021007342 W KR2021007342 W KR 2021007342W WO 2022260200 A1 WO2022260200 A1 WO 2022260200A1
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- base station
- threshold
- terminal
- handover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/165—Performing reselection for specific purposes for reducing network power consumption
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/22—Performing reselection for specific purposes for handling the traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
- H04W36/0058—Transmission of hand-off measurement information, e.g. measurement reports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
- H04W36/00837—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
- H04W36/302—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/34—Reselection control
- H04W36/36—Reselection control by user or terminal equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
- H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
- H04W36/00837—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off
- H04W36/008375—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off based on historical data
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the following description relates to a wireless communication system, and relates to an apparatus and method for performing a handover in consideration of battery efficiency in a wireless communication system.
- a wireless access system is widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data.
- a wireless access system is a multiple access system capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.).
- Examples of the multiple access system include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system. division multiple access) system.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
- eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
- RAT radio access technology
- a communication system considering reliability and latency-sensitive services/UE (user equipment) as well as mMTC (massive machine type communications) providing various services anytime and anywhere by connecting multiple devices and objects has been proposed. .
- Various technical configurations for this have been proposed.
- the present disclosure may provide an apparatus and method for increasing battery efficiency in a wireless communication system.
- the present disclosure may provide an apparatus and method for reducing battery consumption due to handover in a wireless communication system.
- the present disclosure may provide an apparatus and method for securing battery efficiency while maintaining quality of service during handover in a wireless communication system.
- a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system includes receiving information related to a signal strength threshold for triggering a measurement report from a base station, and reporting a measurement to the base station based on the information related to the threshold. and performing a handover from the base station to a neighboring base station, wherein the threshold is based on a probability distribution determined based on information observed by terminals that have performed handover in the base station can be determined
- a method of operating a base station in a wireless communication system includes transmitting information related to a threshold of signal strength for triggering a measurement report to a terminal, generated by the terminal based on the information related to the threshold. receiving a measured measurement report, and controlling the terminal to perform a handover from the base station to a neighboring base station, wherein the threshold is based on information observed by terminals that have performed handover in the base station. It may be determined based on the probability distribution determined based on.
- a terminal in a wireless communication system, includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver.
- the processor receives information related to a signal strength threshold for triggering a measurement report from a base station, transmits a measurement report to the base station based on the information related to the threshold, and performs handover from the base station to a neighboring base station.
- the threshold may be determined based on a probability distribution determined based on information observed by terminals that have performed handover in the base station.
- a base station in a wireless communication system, includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver.
- the processor transmits information related to a signal strength threshold for triggering a measurement report to a terminal, receives a measurement report generated by the terminal based on the information related to the threshold, and transmits a handset from the base station to a neighboring base station.
- the terminal is controlled to perform an overover, and the threshold may be determined based on a probability distribution determined based on information observed by terminals that have performed handover in the base station.
- an apparatus includes at least one processor, at least one computer memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that direct operations as executed by the at least one processor, ,
- the operations include the device receiving information related to a threshold of signal strength for triggering a measurement report from a base station, transmitting a measurement report to the base station based on the information related to the threshold, and from the base station to a neighboring base station.
- Controls to perform handover, and the threshold may be determined based on a probability distribution determined based on information observed by terminals that have performed handover in the base station.
- a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction (instructions), the at least one instruction executable by a processor (executable)
- the at least one instruction includes: receiving information related to a threshold of signal strength for triggering a measurement report from a base station, and transmitting a measurement report to the base station based on the information related to the threshold; Control to perform handover from the base station to a neighboring base station, and the threshold may be determined based on a probability distribution determined based on information observed by terminals that have performed handover in the base station.
- handover can be effectively performed while maintaining quality of service and increasing battery efficiency.
- Effects obtainable in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned are technical fields to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the following embodiments of the present disclosure. can be clearly derived and understood by those skilled in the art. That is, unintended effects according to implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure may also be derived by those skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.
- AI Artificial Intelligence
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a transmission signal applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG 8 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the structure of a perceptron included in an artificial neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an artificial neural network structure applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a deep neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a convolutional neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- 15 is a diagram illustrating a filter operation of a convolutional neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- 16 is a diagram showing a neural network structure in which a circular loop applicable to the present disclosure exists.
- 17 is a diagram illustrating an operating structure of a recurrent neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a concept of handover in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a concept of threshold adjustment for starting a handover based on an artificial intelligence algorithm in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 20a and 20b illustrate examples of probability density functions of a beta distribution usable in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 21 illustrates an example of a procedure for performing handover in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a procedure for controlling handover in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 24 illustrates a signal flow of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 25 illustrates an example of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 26 illustrates a signal flow of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 27 illustrates a reward structure based on Thompson sampling in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise.
- Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features.
- an embodiment of the present disclosure may be configured by combining some elements and/or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment.
- a base station has meaning as a terminal node of a network that directly communicates with a mobile station.
- a specific operation described as being performed by a base station in this document may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.
- the 'base station' is a term such as a fixed station, Node B, eNode B, gNode B, ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point. can be replaced by
- a terminal includes a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It may be replaced with terms such as mobile terminal or advanced mobile station (AMS).
- UE user equipment
- MS mobile station
- SS subscriber station
- MSS mobile subscriber station
- AMS advanced mobile station
- the transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node providing data service or voice service
- the receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node receiving data service or voice service. Therefore, in the case of uplink, the mobile station can be a transmitter and the base station can be a receiver. Similarly, in the case of downlink, the mobile station may be a receiving end and the base station may be a transmitting end.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure are wireless access systems, such as an IEEE 802.xx system, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) system, and a 3GPP2 system. It may be supported by at least one disclosed standard document, and in particular, the embodiments of the present disclosure are supported by 3GPP technical specification (TS) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents It can be.
- 3GPP technical specification TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents It can be.
- embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other wireless access systems, and are not limited to the above-described systems.
- it may also be applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and is not limited to a specific system.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
- LTE is 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 or later
- LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 is referred to as LTE-A
- xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro.
- 3GPP NR may mean technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15.
- 3GPP 6G may mean technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18.
- "xxx" means a standard document detail number.
- LTE/NR/6G may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.
- a communication system 100 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network.
- the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (eg, 5G NR, LTE), and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device.
- the wireless device includes a robot 100a, a vehicle 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, and a home appliance. appliance) 100e, Internet of Thing (IoT) device 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 100g.
- a radio access technology eg, 5G NR, LTE
- XR extended reality
- IoT Internet of Thing
- AI artificial intelligence
- the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, and the like.
- the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone).
- UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
- the XR device 100c includes augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices, and includes a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, It may be implemented in the form of smart phones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, and the like.
- the mobile device 100d may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, a smart glass), a computer (eg, a laptop computer), and the like.
- the home appliance 100e may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like.
- the IoT device 100f may include a sensor, a smart meter, and the like.
- the base station 120 and the network 130 may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device 120a may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.
- the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 130 through the base station 120 .
- AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 100g through the network 130.
- the network 130 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (eg LTE) network, or a 5G (eg NR) network.
- the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 120/network 130, but communicate directly without going through the base station 120/network 130 (e.g., sidelink communication). You may.
- the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (eg, vehicle to vehicle (V2V)/vehicle to everything (V2X) communication).
- the IoT device 100f eg, sensor
- the IoT device 100f may directly communicate with other IoT devices (eg, sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.
- Wireless communication/connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/base station 120 and the base station 120/base station 120.
- wireless communication/connection includes various types of uplink/downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication 150c (eg relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). This can be done through radio access technology (eg 5G NR).
- radio access technology eg 5G NR
- a wireless device and a base station/wireless device, and a base station can transmit/receive radio signals to each other.
- the wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b, and 150c may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels.
- various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals various signal processing processes (eg, channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.) At least a part of a resource allocation process may be performed.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
- a first wireless device 200a and a second wireless device 200b may transmit and receive radio signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE and NR).
- ⁇ the first wireless device 200a, the second wireless device 200b ⁇ denotes the ⁇ wireless device 100x and the base station 120 ⁇ of FIG. 1 and/or the ⁇ wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x.
- ⁇ can correspond.
- the first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a.
- the processor 202a controls the memory 204a and/or the transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein.
- the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a.
- the processor 202a may receive a radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a and store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a.
- the memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a.
- memory 204a may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202a, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them.
- the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR).
- the transceiver 206a may be coupled to the processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208a.
- the transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
- the transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit.
- RF radio frequency
- a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- the second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b.
- the processor 202b controls the memory 204b and/or the transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein.
- the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b.
- the processor 202b may receive a radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b and store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b.
- the memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b.
- the memory 204b may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202b, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them.
- the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR).
- the transceiver 206b may be coupled to the processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 208b.
- the transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
- the transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
- a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 202a, 202b.
- the one or more processors 202a and 202b may include one or more layers (eg, PHY (physical), MAC (media access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource) control) and functional layers such as service data adaptation protocol (SDAP).
- One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flow charts disclosed herein.
- PDUs protocol data units
- SDUs service data units
- processors 202a, 202b may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein.
- One or more processors 202a, 202b generate PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or signals (eg, baseband signals) containing information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein , may be provided to one or more transceivers 206a and 206b.
- One or more processors 202a, 202b may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 206a, 206b, and descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information can be obtained according to these.
- signals eg, baseband signals
- One or more processors 202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or microcomputer.
- One or more processors 202a, 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- firmware or software may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like.
- Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 202a or 202b or stored in one or more memories 204a or 204b. It can be driven by the above processors 202a and 202b.
- the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.
- One or more memories 204a, 204b may be coupled to one or more processors 202a, 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or instructions.
- One or more memories 204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or It may consist of a combination of these.
- One or more memories 204a, 204b may be located internally and/or externally to one or more processors 202a, 202b.
- one or more memories 204a, 204b may be connected to one or more processors 202a, 202b through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.
- One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in the methods and/or operational flow charts of this document to one or more other devices.
- One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts, etc. disclosed herein from one or more other devices. have.
- one or more transceivers 206a and 206b may be connected to one or more processors 202a and 202b and transmit and receive radio signals.
- one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices.
- one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.
- one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be coupled to one or more antennas 208a, 208b, and one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may be connected to one or more antennas 208a, 208b to achieve the descriptions, functions disclosed in this document.
- one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports).
- One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) in order to process the received user data, control information, radio signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (202a, 202b), the received radio signal / channel, etc. in the RF band signal It can be converted into a baseband signal.
- One or more transceivers 206a and 206b may convert user data, control information, and radio signals/channels processed by one or more processors 202a and 202b from baseband signals to RF band signals.
- one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.
- a wireless device 300 corresponds to the wireless devices 200a and 200b of FIG. 2, and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be configured.
- the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310, a control unit 320, a memory unit 330, and an additional element 340.
- the communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314 .
- communication circuitry 312 may include one or more processors 202a, 202b of FIG. 2 and/or one or more memories 204a, 204b.
- transceiver(s) 314 may include one or more transceivers 206a, 206b of FIG.
- the control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310, the memory unit 330, and the additional element 340 and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 320 may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit 330. In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 310. Information received through a wireless/wired interface from other communication devices) may be stored in the memory unit 330 .
- the additional element 340 may be configured in various ways according to the type of wireless device.
- the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit.
- the wireless device 300 may be a robot (FIG. 1, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 1, 100c), a mobile device (FIG. 1, 100d) ), home appliances (FIG. 1, 100e), IoT devices (FIG.
- Wireless devices can be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-case/service.
- various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless device 300 may be entirely interconnected through a wired interface or at least partially connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310 .
- the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first units (eg, 130 and 140) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310.
- each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements.
- the control unit 320 may be composed of one or more processor sets.
- control unit 320 may include a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like.
- memory unit 330 may include RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or combinations thereof. can be configured.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device applied to the present disclosure.
- a portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, smart watch, smart glasses), and a portable computer (eg, a laptop computer).
- a mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).
- MS mobile station
- UT user terminal
- MSS mobile subscriber station
- SS subscriber station
- AMS advanced mobile station
- WT wireless terminal
- a portable device 400 includes an antenna unit 408, a communication unit 410, a control unit 420, a memory unit 430, a power supply unit 440a, an interface unit 440b, and an input/output unit 440c. ) may be included.
- the antenna unit 408 may be configured as part of the communication unit 410 .
- Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .
- the communication unit 410 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations.
- the controller 420 may perform various operations by controlling components of the portable device 400 .
- the controller 420 may include an application processor (AP).
- the memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400 . Also, the memory unit 430 may store input/output data/information.
- the power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.
- the interface unit 440b may support connection between the mobile device 400 and other external devices.
- the interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, audio input/output ports and video input/output ports) for connection with external devices.
- the input/output unit 440c may receive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal, data, and/or information input from a user.
- the input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.
- the input/output unit 440c acquires information/signals (eg, touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430.
- the communication unit 410 may convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal, and directly transmit the converted wireless signal to another wireless device or to a base station.
- the communication unit 410 may receive a radio signal from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received radio signal to original information/signal. After the restored information/signal is stored in the memory unit 430, it may be output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, or haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure applies.
- a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc., and is not limited to a vehicle type.
- AV unmanned aerial vehicle
- a vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508, a communication unit 510, a control unit 520, a driving unit 540a, a power supply unit 540b, a sensor unit 540c, and an autonomous driving unit.
- a portion 540d may be included.
- the antenna unit 550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 510 .
- Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d respectively correspond to blocks 410/430/440 of FIG. 4 .
- the communication unit 510 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (eg, base stations, roadside base units, etc.), servers, and the like.
- the controller 520 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 .
- the controller 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU).
- ECU electronice control unit
- AI devices include TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It may be implemented as a device or a movable device.
- the AI device 600 includes a communication unit 610, a control unit 620, a memory unit 630, an input/output unit 640a/640b, a running processor unit 640c, and a sensor unit 640d.
- a communication unit 610 can include Blocks 610 to 630/640a to 640d may respectively correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3 .
- the communication unit 610 communicates wired and wireless signals (eg, sensor information, user data) with external devices such as other AI devices (eg, FIG. 1, 100x, 120, and 140) or AI servers (Fig. input, learning model, control signal, etc.) can be transmitted and received. To this end, the communication unit 610 may transmit information in the memory unit 630 to an external device or transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 630 .
- external devices eg, sensor information, user data
- AI devices eg, FIG. 1, 100x, 120, and 140
- AI servers Fig. input, learning model, control signal, etc.
- the controller 620 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 600 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. And, the controller 620 may perform the determined operation by controlling components of the AI device 600 . For example, the control unit 620 may request, retrieve, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit 640c or the memory unit 630, and may perform a predicted operation among at least one feasible operation or one determined to be desirable. Components of the AI device 600 may be controlled to execute an operation. In addition, the control unit 620 collects history information including user feedback on the operation contents or operation of the AI device 600 and stores it in the memory unit 630 or the running processor unit 640c, or the AI server ( 1, 140) can be transmitted to an external device. The collected history information can be used to update the learning model.
- the memory unit 630 may store data supporting various functions of the AI device 600 .
- the memory unit 630 may store data obtained from the input unit 640a, data obtained from the communication unit 610, output data of the learning processor unit 640c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 640.
- the memory unit 630 may store control information and/or software codes required for operation/execution of the controller 620 .
- the input unit 640a may obtain various types of data from the outside of the AI device 600.
- the input unit 620 may obtain learning data for model learning and input data to which the learning model is to be applied.
- the input unit 640a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit.
- the output unit 640b may generate an output related to sight, hearing, or touch.
- the output unit 640b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.
- the sensing unit 640 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 600, surrounding environment information of the AI device 600, and user information by using various sensors.
- the sensing unit 640 may include a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. have.
- the learning processor unit 640c may learn a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data.
- the running processor unit 640c may perform AI processing together with the running processor unit of the AI server (FIG. 1, 140).
- the learning processor unit 640c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 610 and/or information stored in the memory unit 630 .
- the output value of the learning processor unit 640c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 610 and/or stored in the memory unit 630.
- the transmitted signal may be processed by a signal processing circuit.
- the signal processing circuit 700 may include a scrambler 710, a modulator 720, a layer mapper 730, a precoder 740, a resource mapper 750, and a signal generator 760.
- the operation/function of FIG. 7 may be performed by the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 .
- blocks 710 to 760 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b and/or the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 .
- blocks 710 to 760 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 .
- blocks 710 to 750 may be implemented in the processors 202a and 202b of FIG. 2 and block 760 may be implemented in the transceivers 206a and 206b of FIG. 2 , and are not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the codeword may be converted into a radio signal through the signal processing circuit 700 of FIG. 7 .
- a codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block.
- Information blocks may include transport blocks (eg, UL-SCH transport blocks, DL-SCH transport blocks).
- Radio signals may be transmitted through various physical channels (eg, PUSCH, PDSCH).
- the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 710.
- a scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device.
- the scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 720.
- the modulation method may include pi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like.
- the complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper 730. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 740 (precoding).
- the output z of the precoder 740 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 730 by the N*M precoding matrix W.
- N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers.
- the precoder 740 may perform precoding after transform precoding (eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT)) on complex modulation symbols. Also, the precoder 740 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.
- transform precoding eg, discrete fourier transform (DFT)
- the resource mapper 750 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources.
- the time-frequency resource may include a plurality of symbols (eg, CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- the signal generator 760 generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to other devices through each antenna.
- CP cyclic prefix
- DAC digital-to-analog converter
- the signal processing process for the received signal in the wireless device may be configured in reverse to the signal processing process 710 to 760 of FIG. 7 .
- a wireless device eg, 200a and 200b of FIG. 2
- the received radio signal may be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer.
- the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast fourier transform (FFT) module.
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- FFT fast fourier transform
- the baseband signal may be restored to a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scramble process.
- a signal processing circuit for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.
- 6G (radio communications) systems are characterized by (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- It aims to lower energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities.
- the vision of the 6G system can be four aspects such as “intelligent connectivity”, “deep connectivity”, “holographic connectivity”, and “ubiquitous connectivity”, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. That is, Table 1 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.
- the 6G system is enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), mMTC (massive machine type communications), AI integrated communication, tactile Internet (tactile internet), high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion and improved data security ( can have key factors such as enhanced data security.
- eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
- URLLC ultra-reliable low latency communications
- mMTC massive machine type communications
- AI integrated communication e.g., AI integrated communication
- tactile Internet tactile internet
- high throughput high network capacity
- high energy efficiency high backhaul and access network congestion
- improved data security can have key factors such as enhanced data security.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.
- a 6G system is expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless communication connectivity than a 5G wireless communication system.
- URLLC a key feature of 5G, is expected to become a more mainstream technology by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms in 6G communications.
- the 6G system will have much better volume spectral efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectral efficiency.
- 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technology for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be charged separately.
- AI The most important and newly introduced technology for the 6G system is AI.
- AI was not involved in the 4G system.
- 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI.
- the 6G system will be AI-enabled for full automation.
- Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G.
- Introducing AI in communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission.
- AI can use a plethora of analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.
- AI can also play an important role in machine-to-machine, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communications.
- AI can be a rapid communication in the brain computer interface (BCI).
- BCI brain computer interface
- AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.
- AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver rather than a traditional communication framework in fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.
- MIMO multiple input multiple output
- Machine learning may be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and may be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, and the like in a downlink (DL) physical layer. Machine learning can also be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, and the like in a MIMO system.
- DL downlink
- AI algorithms based on deep learning require a lot of training data to optimize training parameters.
- a lot of training data is used offline. This is because static training on training data in a specific channel environment may cause a contradiction between dynamic characteristics and diversity of a radio channel.
- Machine learning refers to a set of actions that train a machine to create a machine that can do tasks that humans can or cannot do.
- Machine learning requires data and a running model.
- data learning methods can be largely classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.
- Neural network training is aimed at minimizing errors in the output.
- Neural network learning repeatedly inputs training data to the neural network, calculates the output of the neural network for the training data and the error of the target, and backpropagates the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer in a direction to reduce the error. ) to update the weight of each node in the neural network.
- Supervised learning uses training data in which correct answers are labeled in the learning data, and unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled in the learning data. That is, for example, learning data in the case of supervised learning related to data classification may be data in which each learning data is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input to the neural network, and an error may be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network and the label of the training data. The calculated error is back-propagated in a reverse direction (ie, from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node of each layer of the neural network may be updated according to the back-propagation.
- a reverse direction ie, from the output layer to the input layer
- the amount of change in the connection weight of each updated node may be determined according to a learning rate.
- the neural network's computation of input data and backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch).
- the learning rate may be applied differently according to the number of iterations of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, a high learning rate is used in the early stages of neural network learning to increase efficiency by allowing the neural network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and a low learning rate can be used in the late stage to increase accuracy.
- the learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in a case where the purpose of the receiver is to accurately predict data transmitted by the transmitter in a communication system, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.
- the learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be considered. ) is called
- the neural network cord used as a learning method is largely divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent boltzmann machine (RNN). and this learning model can be applied.
- DNN deep neural networks
- CNN convolutional deep neural networks
- RNN recurrent boltzmann machine
- THz communication can be applied in 6G systems.
- the data transmission rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be done using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology.
- THz waves also known as sub-millimeter radiation
- THz waves generally represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm.
- the 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (sub THz band) is considered a major part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding to the sub-THz band mmWave band will increase 6G cellular communications capacity.
- 300 GHz-3 THz is in the far infrared (IR) frequency band.
- the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the broad band, but is at the border of the wide band, just behind the RF band. Thus, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.
- THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable).
- the narrow beamwidth produced by the highly directional antenna reduces interference.
- the small wavelength of the THz signal allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be incorporated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables advanced adaptive array technology to overcome range limitations.
- THz Terahertz
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a THz communication method applicable to the present disclosure.
- THz waves are located between RF (Radio Frequency)/millimeter (mm) and infrared bands, and (i) transmit non-metal/non-polarizable materials better than visible light/infrared rays, and have a shorter wavelength than RF/millimeter waves and have high straightness. Beam focusing may be possible.
- 11 is a diagram showing the structure of a perceptron included in an artificial neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- 12 is a diagram showing an artificial neural network structure applicable to the present disclosure.
- an artificial intelligence system may be applied in a 6G system.
- the artificial intelligence system may operate based on a learning model corresponding to the human brain, as described above.
- a paradigm of machine learning using a neural network structure having a high complexity such as an artificial neural network as a learning model may be referred to as deep learning.
- the neural network cord used in the learning method is largely a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional deep neural network (CNN), and a recurrent neural network (RNN).
- DNN deep neural network
- CNN convolutional deep neural network
- RNN recurrent neural network
- the artificial neural network may be composed of several perceptrons.
- the huge artificial neural network structure extends the simplified perceptron structure shown in FIG. 11, and the input vector can be applied to different multi-dimensional perceptrons.
- an input value or an output value is referred to as a node.
- the perceptron structure shown in FIG. 11 can be described as being composed of a total of three layers based on input values and output values.
- An artificial neural network in which there are H number of (d + 1) dimensional perceptrons between the 1st layer and the 2nd layer and K number of (H + 1) dimensional perceptrons between the 2nd layer and the 3rd layer is represented as shown in FIG. can
- the layer where the input vector is located is called the input layer
- the layer where the final output value is located is called the output layer
- all layers located between the input layer and the output layer are called hidden layers.
- the artificial neural network illustrated in FIG. 12 can be understood as a total of two layers.
- the artificial neural network is composed of two-dimensionally connected perceptrons of basic blocks.
- the above-described input layer, hidden layer, and output layer can be jointly applied to various artificial neural network structures such as CNN and RNN, which will be described later, as well as multi-layer perceptrons.
- CNN neural network
- RNN multi-layer perceptrons
- DNN deep neural network
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a deep neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- the deep neural network may be a multi-layer perceptron composed of 8 hidden layers + 8 output layers.
- the multilayer perceptron structure can be expressed as a fully-connected neural network.
- a fully-connected neural network there is no connection relationship between nodes located on the same layer, and a connection relationship may exist only between nodes located on adjacent layers.
- DNN has a fully-connected neural network structure and is composed of a combination of multiple hidden layers and activation functions, so it can be usefully applied to identify the correlation characteristics between inputs and outputs.
- the correlation characteristic may mean a joint probability of input and output.
- 14 is a diagram illustrating a convolutional neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- 15 is a diagram illustrating a filter operation of a convolutional neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- various artificial neural network structures different from the aforementioned DNN can be formed depending on how a plurality of perceptrons are connected to each other.
- nodes located inside one layer are arranged in a one-dimensional vertical direction.
- the nodes are two-dimensionally arranged with w nodes horizontally and h nodes vertically. (convolutional neural network structure in FIG. 14).
- a weight is added for each connection in the connection process from one input node to the hidden layer, a total of h ⁇ w weights should be considered. Since there are h ⁇ w nodes in the input layer, a total of h 2 w 2 weights may be required between two adjacent layers.
- the convolutional neural network of FIG. 14 has a problem in that the number of weights increases exponentially according to the number of connections, it can be assumed that there is a filter with a small size instead of considering all mode connections between adjacent layers. can For example, as shown in FIG. 15, a weighted sum and an activation function operation may be performed on a portion where filters overlap.
- one filter has weights corresponding to the number of filters, and learning of weights can be performed so that a specific feature on an image can be extracted as a factor and output.
- a 3 ⁇ 3 filter is applied to a 3 ⁇ 3 area at the top left of the input layer, and an output value obtained by performing a weighted sum and an activation function operation on a corresponding node may be stored in z 22 .
- the above-described filter is moved by a certain distance horizontally and vertically while scanning the input layer, and the weighted sum and activation function calculations are performed, and the output value can be placed at the position of the current filter.
- the deep neural network of this structure is called a convolutional neural network (CNN), and the result of the convolution operation
- the hidden layer may be called a convolutional layer.
- a neural network including a plurality of convolutional layers may be referred to as a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN).
- the number of weights may be reduced by calculating a weighted sum including only nodes located in a region covered by the filter in the node where the current filter is located. This allows one filter to be used to focus on features for a local area. Accordingly, CNN can be effectively applied to image data processing in which a physical distance in a 2D area is an important criterion. Meanwhile, in the CNN, a plurality of filters may be applied immediately before the convolution layer, and a plurality of output results may be generated through a convolution operation of each filter.
- a structure in which this method is applied to an artificial neural network can be referred to as a recurrent neural network structure.
- 16 is a diagram showing a neural network structure in which a circular loop applicable to the present disclosure exists.
- 17 is a diagram illustrating an operating structure of a recurrent neural network applicable to the present disclosure.
- a recurrent neural network is an element ⁇ x 1 (t) , x 2 (t) , . , x d (t) ⁇ into the fully connected neural network, the immediately preceding point in time t-1 is the hidden vector ⁇ z 1 (t-1) , z 2 (t-1) , . . . , z H (t-1) ⁇ together to apply a weighted sum and an activation function.
- the reason why the hidden vector is transmitted to the next time point in this way is that information in the input vector at previous time points is regarded as being accumulated in the hidden vector of the current time point.
- the recurrent neural network may operate in a predetermined sequence of views with respect to an input data sequence.
- the input vector at time point 1 ⁇ x 1 (t) , x 2 (t) , . . . , x d (t) ⁇ is input to the recurrent neural network ⁇ z 1 (1) , z 2 (1) , . . . , z H (1) ⁇ is the input vector ⁇ x 1 (2) , x 2 (2) , . , x d (2) ⁇ , the vector ⁇ z 1 (2) , z 2 (2) , . . . of the hidden layer through the weighted sum and activation function , z H (2) ⁇ is determined.
- This process is at time point 2, time point 3, . . . , iteratively performed until time T.
- a deep recurrent neural network a recurrent neural network
- Recurrent neural networks are designed to be usefully applied to sequence data (eg, natural language processing).
- neural network core used as a learning method, in addition to DNN, CNN, and RNN, restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), deep belief networks (DBN), and deep Q-Network It includes various deep learning techniques such as computer vision, voice recognition, natural language processing, and voice/signal processing.
- RBM restricted Boltzmann machine
- DNN deep belief networks
- Q-Network It includes various deep learning techniques such as computer vision, voice recognition, natural language processing, and voice/signal processing.
- AI-based physical layer transmission means applying a signal processing and communication mechanism based on an AI driver, not a traditional communication framework, in fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanism, AI-based resource scheduling ( scheduling) and allocation.
- the present disclosure relates to handover technology, and more particularly, to a technology for controlling handover timing. Specifically, the present disclosure proposes an AI-based handover technology considering battery efficiency of a wireless device/terminal.
- the present disclosure proposes a handover technique capable of maximizing battery efficiency of a terminal under a condition in which quality of service (QoS) is maintained. Energy of the terminal can be saved through various proposed embodiments.
- QoS quality of service
- Handover in existing cellular communication systems is performed based on the strength of signals received from base stations (eg, reference signal received quality (RSRQ), reference signal received power (RSRP), etc.). That is, when event conditions related to signal strength from the serving base station and signal strength from neighboring base stations are satisfied, the terminal transmits a measurement report including the signal strength of the serving cell and the signal strength of neighboring cells to the base station. and may perform handover under the control of the base station.
- RSRQ reference signal received quality
- RSRP reference signal received power
- a handover time point it is necessary to set a handover time point differently in order to maximize battery efficiency according to the communication environment and the state of the terminal. For example, when uplink data throughput is high, selection to access a base station requiring weaker transmission power by performing handover relatively early can reduce energy used for communication and be advantageous to battery efficiency. . On the other hand, when the data throughput is less than a certain value, it may be more advantageous to save battery by not performing handover or delaying handover as long as service quality is maintained.
- the present disclosure overcomes the limitations of the handover technique based only on signal strength with an AI algorithm that considers the battery efficiency of the wireless device / terminal , and further propose various embodiments supporting more efficient handover.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a concept of handover in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a first base station 1820 - 1 operates as a serving base station of a terminal 1810 .
- the terminal 1810 moves to the coverage of the adjacent second base station 1820-2.
- the terminal 1810 may transmit a measurement report and trigger a handover.
- the threshold may be defined as various values or various numbers according to the reported event.
- the event is that the signal strength of the serving base station falls below a threshold, the signal strength of a neighboring base station rises above a threshold, the signal strength of a neighboring base station increases by a difference greater than the signal strength of the serving base station by more than a threshold, and the serving It may include at least one of a signal strength of a base station being smaller than a signal strength of a neighboring base station by a difference greater than or equal to a threshold value.
- a handover based on the default value of the threshold may be triggered at a first point 1802 .
- a threshold value compared with signal strength may be adjusted.
- the point at which handover starts can be changed within range 1804 .
- the handover start point within the range 1804 is moved closer to which of the two base stations 1820-1 and 1820-2, that is, the battery 1812 determines whether the handover point is extended or delayed It can be determined in the direction of increasing efficiency.
- handover may proceed while adjusting the threshold to maximize battery efficiency of the terminal under a condition in which quality of service is maintained.
- the threshold may be referred to as 'measurement report trigger threshold (MRTTHD)'.
- the threshold may be adjusted in a manner as shown in FIG. 19 .
- 19 illustrates a concept of threshold adjustment for starting a handover based on an artificial intelligence algorithm in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a default MRTTHD value 1910 included in a measurement configuration provided from a serving cell base station to a UE may be adjusted, and accordingly, the battery efficiency of the UE A handover trigger time point that can maximize ? can be searched for.
- a plurality of adjustment values eg, -N ⁇ pv
- the adjustment values may be referred to as 'offset'.
- the terminal When handover is performed using the selected MRTTHD value among the candidate MRTTHD values 1920, the terminal observes whether the service quality is maintained and the battery consumption rate change.
- the observation result of the terminal is multi-armed bandits (MAB) )-TS (Thompson sampling)-based decision model 1930.
- the learned MAB-TS-based decision model 1930 maintains the quality of service and maximizes battery efficiency.
- the probability that the (optimal) MRTTHD value 1940 is selected may increase.
- a signal strength threshold for starting handover may be adjusted.
- the relationship between the increase/decrease of the threshold and the pull/delay of the handover time point may vary depending on the type of event to which the threshold is applied. For example, if the event is to detect that the signal strength of the serving base station is less than or equal to a threshold value, an increase in the threshold value may lead to handover. As another example, when the event is for detecting that the signal strength of a neighboring base station is greater than or equal to a threshold, a decrease in the threshold may lead to handover. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be defined and operated for each event that is a target of a measurement report.
- the technology for controlling the handover starting point selects the optimal MRTTHD adjustment amount according to the Thompson sampling (TS) method that guarantees excellent performance among multi-armed bandits (MAB) problem solving methods. , it is possible to maximize the battery efficiency of the terminal under the condition that the quality of service is maintained.
- MAB is a technique that balances exploitation and exploration in recommendation. By applying the MAB technique, a new MRTTHD adjustment amount is properly recommended through use, and feedback related to the corresponding MRTTHD adjustment amount can be efficiently reflected in the terminal and all base stations.
- There is a trade-off between use and search and controlling use and search may temporarily appear as a loss to the terminal, but since several MRTTHDs are confirmed through search, it is more efficient overall.
- the beta distribution is a continuous probability distribution defined in the interval [0, 1] by two parameters ⁇ and ⁇ .
- FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrate examples of probability density functions of a beta distribution usable in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 20A shows beta distributions where ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is (0.5, 0.5), (5, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 5), and
- FIG. 20B shows ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
- ) is (1/3,1),(10,30),(20,20),(1,3),(2,6),(4,4),(2/3,2/3), Illustrate beta distributions that are (2,1),(1,1). Referring to FIGS. 20A and 20B , as the value of ⁇ /( ⁇ + ⁇ ) increases, the center position of the beta distribution approaches 1, and as the value of ⁇ /( ⁇ + ⁇ ) increases, the center position of the beta distribution approaches 0. .
- MRTTHD adjustment amounts correspond to the beta distributions illustrated in FIG. 20A or 20B.
- Compensation for each MRTTHD adjustment amount may be given as 1 or 0.
- Parameters ⁇ and ⁇ are determined based on the number of times the compensation is 1 and the number of times the compensation is 0 when each MRTTHD adjustment amount is selected. That is, if a reward of 1 and a reward of 0 occur 6 times and 2 times, respectively, for the selected MRTTHD adjustment amount, the reward probability p of the corresponding MRTTHD adjustment amount can be estimated to have a distribution of Beta(6, 2).
- the MRTTHD adjustment amount is selected using probability matching based on the estimated distribution, which is a method of maximizing compensation for the MRTTHD selected in the base station.
- the MRTTHD adjustment amount may be selected by the terminal or the base station. To this end, the terminal or the base station selects one MRTTHD adjustment amount based on the beta distribution of each of the MRTTHD adjustment amounts, and adjusts the MRTTHD using the selected MRTTHD adjustment amount.
- the MRTTHD adjustment amount to be applied may be selected from candidates of MRTTHD adjustment amounts determined according to the situation or state of the terminal. That is, candidates for MRTTHD adjustment amounts may vary according to the state of the UE. For example, the state of the terminal may include the location of the terminal, data throughput, remaining battery capacity, and the like.
- a plurality of MRTTHD adjustment amount candidate sets are defined from all available MRTTHD adjustment amounts, and a candidate set to be used may be selected based on the state of the terminal.
- a candidate set is selected, one of MRTTHD adjustment amounts included in the selected candidate set may be selected and compensated for.
- a candidate set to be used a candidate set including values capable of advancing the handover time point as much as possible may be selected from among all adjustment amounts. For example, when MRTTHD related to the signal strength of the serving base station is used, a candidate set based on adjustment amounts that increase the MRTTHD (e.g., adjustment amounts of a positive (+) sign with a relatively large absolute value) can be selected. have. Conversely, as the data throughput of the terminal decreases, delaying the handover time can reduce the battery consumption rate.
- a candidate set including values capable of delaying the handover point as much as possible may be selected from among all adjustment amounts.
- a candidate set based on adjustment amounts that greatly reduce MRTTHD eg, adjustment amounts of negative (-) signs with relatively large absolute values
- a beta distribution corresponding to each of the adjustment amounts is updated based on evaluation after handover.
- the terminal may perform handover based on the adjusted MRTTHD and then collect information for updating the beta distribution.
- the collected information is used to generate an evaluation index of interest, and includes matters to be considered in controlling the timing of handover.
- the collected information and the evaluation index generated based on the collected information may be collectively referred to as 'evaluation information'.
- the collected information may relate to battery consumption.
- Distribution can be updated. If the reward value is 1, ⁇ of the beta distribution is increased by 1, and if the reward value is 0, ⁇ is increased by 1.
- Information collected to determine a compensation value and rules for determining a compensation value from the collected information may be designed in various ways according to items to be reflected in handover performance.
- the compensation value may be determined based on whether to maintain quality of service and a change in battery consumption rate.
- the terminal may observe whether the quality of service is maintained and the change in the battery consumption rate, and based on the observation results, determine a compensation value to be reflected in the beta distribution corresponding to the selected MRTTHD adjustment amount.
- the collected information may include service quality indicators (eg, minimum transmission rate, delay time, throughput, etc.), battery consumption rate, and the like. If quality of service is not maintained after handover or if handover is requested again within a predetermined time, the compensation value may be determined to be 0. On the other hand, quality of service is maintained after handover and handover is performed again within a predetermined time. If not requested, a compensation value may be determined according to a change in battery consumption rate. For example, the compensation value may be determined as in [Equation 2] below.
- Equation 2 R is the compensation value
- P A is the battery consumption rate before handover
- P B is the battery consumption rate after handover
- P T is the reference value for the battery consumption rate.
- the criterion exemplified in [Equation 2] is based on the viewpoint of evaluating that the selection to proceed with handover can further save the battery if the reduction in the battery consumption rate is greater than the criterion.
- 21 illustrates an example of a procedure for performing handover in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 21 illustrates an operating method of a terminal (eg, terminal 1810 of FIG. 18).
- the terminal receives information related to a signal strength threshold for triggering a measurement report.
- the threshold-related information includes a threshold value that is compared with the measured signal strength to trigger a measurement report.
- the received threshold value may be a basic value or a value in which an adjustment amount is reflected.
- the received threshold value includes a basic value
- the received threshold value includes a value in which the adjustment amount is reflected.
- the threshold-related information may further include information for determining the adjustment amount, for example, information related to a beta distribution of the adjustment amounts (eg, ⁇ , ⁇ ). That is, the information related to the threshold may be understood as including the threshold value or information necessary for determining the threshold.
- the terminal transmits a measurement report to the base station based on information related to the threshold.
- the terminal measures the signal strength of at least one of the serving base station and the neighboring base station, and compares the measured signal strength with a threshold value obtained from information related to the threshold. If the comparison result satisfies the event condition for the measurement report, the terminal transmits a measurement report informing of at least one of the event detection and measurement values.
- the terminal may select one of a plurality of adjustment amounts and determine a threshold value based on the selected adjustment amounts.
- step S2105 the terminal performs handover to a neighboring base station. That is, after receiving a handover command from the first base station, which is the serving base station, the terminal accesses the second base station, which is the neighboring base station, by performing a random access operation on the neighboring base station.
- the terminal may perform handover using the adjusted threshold.
- the terminal may determine information for updating a beta distribution corresponding to the adjustment amount used for handover.
- the information may be related to a battery consumption rate and satisfaction with service quality.
- the terminal may transmit the determined information to the first base station through the second base station.
- the terminal may transmit information (eg, ⁇ , ⁇ ) related to the updated beta distribution to the first base station.
- the terminal may determine a compensation value based on the determined information and deliver the determined compensation value to the first base station.
- 22 illustrates an example of a procedure for controlling handover in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 22 illustrates an operating method of a base station (eg, base station 1820-1 of FIG. 18).
- a base station eg, base station 1820-1 of FIG. 18
- the base station transmits information related to a signal strength threshold for triggering a measurement report.
- the threshold-related information includes a threshold value that is compared with the measured signal strength to trigger a measurement report.
- the transmitted threshold value may be a basic value or a value in which an adjustment amount is reflected.
- the transmitted threshold value includes a basic value
- the transmitted threshold value includes a value reflecting the adjustment amount.
- the information related to the threshold value may further include information for determining the adjustment amount, for example, information related to beta distribution of the adjustment amounts (eg, ⁇ , ⁇ ). That is, the information related to the threshold may be understood as including the threshold value or information necessary for determining the threshold.
- the base station receives a measurement report generated based on information related to the threshold.
- the terminal measures the signal strength of at least one of the serving base station and the neighboring base station, and compares the measured signal strength with a threshold value obtained from information related to the threshold. If the comparison result satisfies the event condition for the measurement report, the terminal transmits a measurement report notifying at least one of the occurrence of the event and measurement values.
- the terminal may select one of a plurality of adjustment amounts and determine a threshold value based on the selected adjustment amounts.
- step S2205 the base station controls handover to a neighboring base station based on the measurement report.
- the base station confirms that the conditions for starting the handover are satisfied through the measurement report, and transmits a handover request message to the neighboring base station and a handover command message to the terminal.
- the base station may control handover using the adjusted threshold.
- the base station may receive information for updating the beta distribution or information related to the updated beta distribution from the terminal through the neighboring base station. Accordingly, the base station can update the retained beta distribution and apply it to subsequent handovers.
- the base station may select an adjustment amount and adjust the threshold.
- the terminal prior to transmitting information related to the threshold, the terminal determines a candidate set for selecting the adjustment amount, and for this purpose, the base station may receive information related to the state of the terminal from the terminal.
- a threshold of signal strength used to start handover, specifically, to trigger a measurement report may be adaptively adjusted.
- the threshold is adjusted by summing the basic value of the threshold and the amount of adjustment.
- the threshold may be adjusted by the terminal or the base station.
- a subject for adjusting the threshold is a base station and a terminal will be described in more detail.
- 23 illustrates an example of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 23 illustrates a case where the threshold is adjusted by the base station.
- step S2301 the terminal connects to the cellular network. Subsequently, in step S2303, the base station requests battery information from the terminal. In step S2305, the terminal responds to the request of the serving cell base station by providing battery information of the terminal (e.g., total amount of battery, remaining amount, consumption rate, amount of battery power consumed in communication for transmitting or receiving a predefined amount of data, predefined The amount of battery power consumed for communication during the time, etc.) is transmitted.
- the base station has information on MRTTHD adjustment amount candidates corresponding to the state of the terminal (eg, location, data throughput, etc.). That is, the base station knows the beta distributions reflecting the compensation determined by the observation result of whether the quality of service is maintained and the change in the battery consumption rate after the terminals that have selected each MRTTHD adjustment amount have performed handovers in the past.
- the base station sets MRTTHD that maximizes battery efficiency of the terminal based on Thomson sampling.
- the base station may select the MRTTHD adjustment amount corresponding to the maximum value among randomly sampled values of the beta distribution.
- the randomly sampled value means a value that is selected based on a random number in each beta distribution, but in consideration of the probability expressed by the beta distribution curve. For example, in the case of beta (20, 20) in FIG. 20B, if random sampling is performed considering the probability, 0.5 with the highest probability will be selected with the highest frequency, but other values other than 0.5 will be selected with a lower frequency. It can be.
- the base station transmits measurement settings to the terminal. That is, the base station reflects the adjustment amount in the measurement setting and transmits the measurement setting to the terminal.
- step S2311 the UE measures radio signal strength (RSS) of the serving cell and the neighboring cell.
- step S2313 the terminal determines whether the measurement result satisfies the adjusted MRTTHD. If the measurement result satisfies the adjusted MRTTHD, in step S2315, the UE transmits a measurement report, receives a command from the serving cell base station, and performs handover. Thereafter, in step S2317, the terminal transmits a handover ACK to the previous serving cell base station and transmits battery information after handover.
- step S2319 the base station determines the compensation value and updates the Thomson sampling model.
- 24 illustrates a signal flow of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 24 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal 2410 performs handover from a first base station 2420-1, which is a serving base station, to a second base station 2420-2, which is a neighboring base station.
- steps S2401 to S2407 can be understood as a handover preparation step, steps S2409 to S2421 as a handover progress step, and step S2423 as a Thomson sampling model update step.
- the first base station 2420-1 transmits an information request message to the terminal 2410.
- the terminal 2410 transmits an information report message to the first base station 2420-1.
- the information report message includes information related to the battery of the terminal 2410 (e.g., total amount, remaining amount, consumption rate, amount of battery power consumed in communication for transmitting or receiving a predefined amount of data, communication for a predefined time period). amount of battery power consumed, etc.).
- the first base station 2420-1 determines an MRTTHD that maximizes battery efficiency based on the Thomson sampling model. Specifically, the first base station 2420-1 may add the adjustment amount to the basic value of MRTTHD.
- a control amount candidate set for selecting the summed control amount may be determined based on a terminal state (eg, location, data throughput, battery state, etc.).
- the first base station 2420-1 transmits a measurement configuration message including the determined MRTTHD to the terminal 2410.
- step S2409 the terminal 2410 transmits a measurement report to the first base station 2420-1. That is, the terminal 2410 measures the signal strength of the serving cell and the neighboring cell, and if the measurement result satisfies MRTTHD, the serving cell base station transmits a measurement report to the first base station 2420-1.
- step S2411 the first base station 2420-1 determines to proceed with handover based on the measurement report.
- step S2413 the first base station 2420-1 transmits a handover request message to the second base station 2420-2.
- step S2415 the second base station 2420-2 transmits a handover request ACK message to the first base station 2420-1.
- step S2417 the first base station 2420-1 transmits a handover command message to the terminal 2410. Accordingly, the terminal 2410 performs handover.
- step S2419 the terminal 2410 accesses the second base station 2420-2 and then transmits a handover confirmation message.
- step S2421 the second base station 2420-2 transmits a handover confirmation ACK message notifying the first base station 2420-1 of the handover success.
- the first base station 2420-1 determines a compensation value and updates the Thomson sampling model based on the determined compensation value.
- the terminal 2410 may include service quality maintenance for a certain period of time after handover completion and battery information (eg, change in consumption rate) in the handover confirmation message transmitted in step S2419. Accordingly, whether to maintain quality of service and battery information may be transmitted to the first base station 2420 - 1 through the handover confirmation ACK message transmitted in step S2421 .
- the first base station 2420-1 which is the previous serving cell of the terminal 2410, may determine a compensation value based on the received information and update the Thomson sampling model.
- service quality maintenance and battery information may be delivered through separate signaling rather than a handover confirmation message.
- 25 illustrates an example of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 25 illustrates a case where the threshold is adjusted by the base station.
- step S2501 the terminal connects to the cellular network. Subsequently, in step S2503, the base station transmits measurement settings including Thomson sampling model information related to the MRTTHD adjustment amount. That is, the base station transmits to the terminal measurement settings including beta distribution information of the Thomson sampling model related to the MRTTHD adjustment amount corresponding to the state of the terminal (eg, location, data throughput, etc.).
- step S2505 the terminal sets MRTTHD that maximizes battery efficiency of the terminal based on Thomson sampling. Specifically, the terminal may select the MRTTHD adjustment amount corresponding to the maximum value among randomly sampled values of the beta distribution.
- step S2507 the UE measures the RSS of the serving cell and the neighboring cell.
- step S2509 the terminal determines whether the measurement result satisfies the adjusted MRTTHD. If the measurement result satisfies the adjusted MRTTHD, in step S2511, the UE transmits a measurement report, receives a command from the serving cell base station, and performs handover. Then, in step S2513, the base station determines a compensation value and updates the Thomson sampling model. That is, the terminal determines a compensation value according to whether or not the quality of service is maintained after handover and changes in the battery consumption rate, and updates the Thomson sampling model.
- step S2515 the terminal transmits information related to the updated Thomson sampling model and handover ACK to the previous serving cell base station.
- the terminal transmits the updated beta distribution information corresponding to the selected MRTTHD adjustment amount to the previous serving cell base station together with the handover ACK.
- 26 illustrates a signal flow of a handover procedure based on a threshold adjusted by a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 26 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal 2610 performs handover from a first base station 2620-1, which is a serving base station, to a second base station 2620-2, which is a neighboring base station.
- the first base station 2620-1 transmits a measurement configuration message to the terminal 2610.
- the measurement setting message includes information related to the Thomson sampling model.
- the measurement configuration message includes information related to beta distributions corresponding to candidate values of the adjustment amount of MRTTHD.
- the first base station 2620 - 1 may determine a candidate set for the adjustment amount based on the state of the terminal 2610 .
- the terminal 2610 determines an MRTTHD that maximizes battery efficiency based on the Thomson sampling model.
- the first base station 2620-1 may add the adjustment amount to the basic value of MRTTHD.
- step S2605 the terminal 2610 transmits a measurement report to the first base station 2620-1. That is, the terminal 2610 measures the signal strength of the serving cell and the neighboring cell, and if the measurement result satisfies MRTTHD, the serving cell base station transmits a measurement report to the first base station 2620-1.
- step S2607 the first base station 2620-1 determines to proceed with handover based on the measurement report.
- step S2609 the first base station 2620-1 transmits a handover request message to the second base station 2620-2.
- step S2611 the second base station 2620-2 transmits a handover request ACK message to the first base station 2620-1.
- step S2613 the first base station 2620-1 transmits a handover command message to the terminal 2610. Accordingly, the terminal 2610 performs handover.
- step S2615 the terminal 2610 accesses the second base station 2620-2 and then transmits a handover confirmation message.
- step S2617 the second base station 2620-2 transmits a handover confirmation ACK message notifying the first base station 2620-1 of the handover success.
- step S2619 the terminal 2610 determines a compensation value and updates the Thomson sampling model based on the determined compensation value.
- the terminal 2610 may observe whether service quality is maintained and battery information (eg, change in consumption rate) for a predetermined time after handover is completed, and determine a compensation value based on the observation result. Then, although not shown in FIG. 26, the terminal 2610 may transmit information related to the updated Thomson sampling model to the first base station 2620-1.
- FIG. 27 illustrates a reward structure based on Thompson sampling in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 27 shows a structure in which compensation is fed back based on an evaluation index (eg, whether service quality is maintained or not, battery consumption rate change) after handover is completed.
- sampling includes an operation of randomly sampling a value from a beta distribution 2710 corresponding to a candidate MRTTHD adjustment amount in a current state of a terminal.
- the maximum value is selected by optimization 2720.
- the action includes operations of selecting an MRTTHD corresponding to the selected maximum value, reflecting the selected MRTTHD in measurement settings, and then transmitting the selected MRTTHD to the terminal.
- Observation includes an operation of updating parameters of the beta distribution for compensation based on evaluation 2730 for checking whether service quality is maintained and battery consumption rate change after handover is completed.
- the updated parameters are reflected in the beta distribution 2710.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various wireless access systems.
- various wireless access systems there is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or 3GPP2 system.
- 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
- 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project2
- Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the various wireless access systems, but also to all technical fields to which the various wireless access systems are applied. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems using ultra-high frequency bands.
- embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.
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Abstract
Description
| Per device peak data rate | 1 Tbps |
| E2E latency | 1 ms |
| Maximum spectral efficiency | 100 bps/Hz |
| Mobility support | up to 1000 km/hr |
| Satellite integration | Fully |
| AI | Fully |
| Autonomous vehicle | Fully |
| XR | Fully |
| Haptic Communication | Fully |
Claims (17)
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 단말의 동작 방법에 있어서,기지국으로부터 측정 보고를 트리거링하기 위한 신호 세기의 임계치에 관련된 정보를 수신하는 단계;상기 임계치에 관련된 정보에 기반하여 상기 기지국으로 측정 보고를 송신하는 단계; 및상기 기지국으로부터 이웃 기지국으로 핸드오버를 수행하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 임계치는, 상기 기지국에서 핸드오버를 수행한 단말들에 의해 관찰된 정보에 기반하여 결정된 확률 분포에 기반하여 결정되는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 임계치에 관련된 정보는, 상기 기지국에 의해 결정된 조절량에 기반하여 조절된 임계치 값, 상기 임계치를 조절하기 위해 필요한 조절량들 각각의 확률 분포에 관련된 정보 중 하나를 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 기지국에게 상기 단말의 배터리 상태에 관련된 정보를 송신하는 단계를 더 포함하며,상기 배터리 상태는, 상기 단말의 배터리의 총량, 잔량, 소모 속도, 미리 정의된 양의 데이터를 송신 또는 수신하는 통신에 소모되는 배터리의 전력량, 미리 정의된 시간 동안의 통신에 소모되는 배터리의 전력량 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 임계치에 관련된 정보에 포함된, 선택 가능한 조절량 후보들의 확률 분포들을 확인하는 단계;상기 확률 분포들에 기반하여 상기 조절량 후보들 중 하나의 조절량을 선택하는 단계; 및상기 조절량에 기반하여 상기 측정 보고의 트리거링 여부를 판단하기 위한 임계치 값을 결정하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 핸드오버를 완료한 후, 상기 확률 분포를 갱신하기 위한 평가 정보, 상기 평가 정보에 기반하여 갱신된 확률 분포에 관련된 정보 중 적어도 하나를 송신하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 확률 분포를 갱신하기 위한 평가 정보를 포함하는 핸드오버 확인 메시지를 상기 이웃 기지국에게 송신하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 확률 분포는, 베타(beta) 분포를 포함하는 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 기지국의 동작 방법에 있어서,단말에게 측정 보고를 트리거링하기 위한 신호 세기의 임계치에 관련된 정보를 송신하는 단계;상기 임계치에 관련된 정보에 기반하여 상기 단말에 의해 생성된 측정 보고를 수신하는 단계; 및상기 기지국으로부터 이웃 기지국으로 핸드오버를 수행하도록 상기 단말을 제어하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 임계치는, 상기 기지국에서 핸드오버를 수행한 단말들에 의해 관찰된 정보에 기반하여 결정된 확률 분포에 기반하여 결정되는 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 단말의 상태에 기반하여 상기 임계치를 조절하기 위해 선택 가능한 조절량 후보들을 결정하는 단계를 더 포함하며,상기 상태는, 상기 단말의 위치, 상기 단말의 데이터 처리량(throughput) 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 단말로부터 상기 단말의 배터리 상태에 관련된 정보를 수신하는 단계를 더 포함하며,상기 배터리 상태는, 상기 단말의 배터리의 총량, 잔량, 소모 속도, 미리 정의된 양의 데이터를 송신 또는 수신하는 통신에 소모되는 배터리의 전력량, 미리 정의된 시간 동안의 통신에 소모되는 배터리의 전력량 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서상기 임계치를 조절하기 위해 선택 가능한 조절량 후보들의 확률 분포들을 확인하는 단계;상기 확률 분포들에 기반하여 상기 조절량 후보들 중 하나의 조절량을 선택하는 단계; 및상기 조절량에 기반하여 상기 측정 보고의 트리거링 여부를 판단하기 위한 임계치 값을 결정하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 핸드오버가 완료된 후, 상기 단말로부터 상기 확률 분포를 갱신하기 위한 평가 정보를 수신하는 단계; 및상기 평가 정보에 기반하여 상기 확률 분포를 갱신하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 핸드오버가 완료된 후, 상기 단말로부터 갱신된 확률 분포를 수신하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 단말에 있어서,송수신기; 및상기 송수신기와 연결된 프로세서를 포함하며,상기 프로세서는,기지국으로부터 측정 보고를 트리거링하기 위한 신호 세기의 임계치에 관련된 정보를 수신하고,상기 임계치에 관련된 정보에 기반하여 상기 기지국으로 측정 보고를 송신하고,상기 기지국으로부터 이웃 기지국으로 핸드오버를 수행하도록 제어하며,상기 임계치는, 상기 기지국에서 핸드오버를 수행한 단말들에 의해 관찰된 정보에 기반하여 결정된 확률 분포에 기반하여 결정되는 단말.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 기지국에 있어서,송수신기; 및상기 송수신기와 연결된 프로세서를 포함하며,상기 프로세서는,단말에게 측정 보고를 트리거링하기 위한 신호 세기의 임계치에 관련된 정보를 송신하고,상기 임계치에 관련된 정보에 기반하여 상기 단말에 의해 생성된 측정 보고를 수신하고,상기 기지국으로부터 이웃 기지국으로 핸드오버를 수행하도록 상기 단말을 제어하도록 제어하며,상기 임계치는, 상기 기지국에서 핸드오버를 수행한 단말들에 의해 관찰된 정보에 기반하여 결정된 확률 분포에 기반하여 결정되는 기지국.
- 장치에 있어서,적어도 하나의 프로세서;상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서와 연결되며, 상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서에 의해 실행됨에 따라 동작들을 지시하는 명령어를 저장하는 적어도 하나의 컴퓨터 메모리를 포함하며,상기 동작들은, 상기 장치가,기지국으로부터 측정 보고를 트리거링하기 위한 신호 세기의 임계치에 관련된 정보를 수신하고,상기 임계치에 관련된 정보에 기반하여 상기 기지국으로 측정 보고를 송신하고,상기 기지국으로부터 이웃 기지국으로 핸드오버를 수행하도록 제어하며,상기 임계치는, 상기 기지국에서 핸드오버를 수행한 단말들에 의해 관찰된 정보에 기반하여 결정된 확률 분포에 기반하여 결정되는 장치.
- 적어도 하나의 명령어(instructions)을 저장하는 비-일시적인(non-transitory) 컴퓨터 판독 가능 매체(computer-readable medium)에 있어서,프로세서에 의해 실행 가능한(executable) 상기 적어도 하나의 명령어를 포함하며,상기 적어도 하나의 명령어는, 장치가,기지국으로부터 측정 보고를 트리거링하기 위한 신호 세기의 임계치에 관련된 정보를 수신하고,상기 임계치에 관련된 정보에 기반하여 상기 기지국으로 측정 보고를 송신하고,상기 기지국으로부터 이웃 기지국으로 핸드오버를 수행하도록 제어하며,상기 임계치는, 상기 기지국에서 핸드오버를 수행한 단말들에 의해 관찰된 정보에 기반하여 결정된 확률 분포에 기반하여 결정되는 컴퓨터 판독 가능 매체.
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| PCT/KR2021/007342 WO2022260200A1 (ko) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 배터리 효율을 고려하여 핸드오버를 수행하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
| EP21945267.9A EP4354955A4 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING HANDOVER TAKING INTO ACCOUNT BATTERY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM |
| KR1020237034267A KR20240018416A (ko) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 배터리 효율을 고려하여 핸드오버를수행하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
| US18/288,936 US20240205775A1 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Device and method for performing handover in consideration of battery efficiency in wireless communication system |
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| PCT/KR2021/007342 WO2022260200A1 (ko) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 배터리 효율을 고려하여 핸드오버를 수행하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
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| US (1) | US20240205775A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP4354955A4 (ko) |
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| CN116419350A (zh) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-07-11 | 三星半导体(中国)研究开发有限公司 | 由电子装置执行的网络切换方法和电子装置 |
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| EP4354955A4 (en) | 2025-04-09 |
| US20240205775A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
| KR20240018416A (ko) | 2024-02-13 |
| EP4354955A1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
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