WO2022267109A1 - 一种菌草纤维板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种菌草纤维板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022267109A1
WO2022267109A1 PCT/CN2021/106323 CN2021106323W WO2022267109A1 WO 2022267109 A1 WO2022267109 A1 WO 2022267109A1 CN 2021106323 W CN2021106323 W CN 2021106323W WO 2022267109 A1 WO2022267109 A1 WO 2022267109A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
juncao
fiber
fiberboard
preparation
hot pressing
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/106323
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林占熺
刘平山
陆懋圣
林冬梅
王志明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujian Zhengyuan Juncao International Cooperation Co Ltd
Zhongfu Strait Pingtan Development Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fujian Zhengyuan Juncao International Cooperation Co Ltd
Zhongfu Strait Pingtan Development Co Ltd
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Application filed by Fujian Zhengyuan Juncao International Cooperation Co Ltd, Zhongfu Strait Pingtan Development Co Ltd filed Critical Fujian Zhengyuan Juncao International Cooperation Co Ltd
Priority to EP21946598.6A priority Critical patent/EP4360836A4/en
Priority to JP2023532662A priority patent/JP2024506773A/ja
Priority to KR1020237021704A priority patent/KR102807929B1/ko
Publication of WO2022267109A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022267109A1/zh
Priority to US18/196,447 priority patent/US20230278255A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J7/00—Mechanical working of tree or plant materials not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B27K9/007—Straw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B27N1/0209—Methods, e.g. characterised by the composition of the agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
    • B27N3/203—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses with heating or cooling means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fiberboards, in particular to a Juncao fiberboard and a preparation method thereof.
  • wood-based panel products play an important role in the national economy and people's material life.
  • industrial production is bound to save wood resources as much as possible, and the production and use of wood-based panels is one of the main ways to save and efficiently use wood resources.
  • the main raw material of fiberboard is wood and wood processing residues or other non-woody raw materials, which are processed into fibers and hot-pressed with adhesives and other additives. It has excellent cost performance and excellent processing performance, and the demand is on the rise.
  • the output ranks first in the world.
  • the common materials of medium density fiberboard are pine camphor wood, fast-growing poplar wood, fast-growing eucalyptus wood, etc., and the main components are wood fiber and resin glue.
  • Fast-growing carbon sequestration grass is a new variety bred by hybridization of certain grasses. It has a short production cycle and can be harvested multiple times a year.
  • Patent No. CN 107032668 A patent document provides a method for manufacturing building materials and wood substitutes from fast-growing carbon sequestration grasses. The approach is: (1) timely harvesting of planted fast-growing carbon sequestration grasses; Foam fiberboard, composite wall, lightweight bricks and tiles, flame-retardant insulation board, wood substitutes, paper substitutes, pretreatment of fast-growing carbon sequestration grass; (3) production of foamed fiberboard, composite wall, Lightweight bricks and tiles, flame retardant insulation boards, wood substitutes, paper substitutes.
  • the products produced by this technical scheme can replace lightweight materials such as composite materials and EPS foamed plastics. Particleboard raw material.
  • the inventor provides a kind of fiber board and its preparation method that raw material is natural Juncao, achieves the purpose of replacing wooden raw material, reduces production cost; And the toughness of the fiber board obtained by adopting the preparation method of the present invention is stronger, and water absorption thickness is not easy to expand .
  • the inventor provides a preparation method of Juncao fiberboard, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
  • Cutting cut the 1-2 year old Juncao with a water content of 50-70% to a length of 2-3 cm to obtain the cut Juncao;
  • Cooking high-pressure steaming and softening the cut Juncao to obtain the cooked Juncao;
  • Fiber disintegration and sizing mechanically disintegrate the cooked Juncao fibers into fibers in a heat refiner; add an adhesive during the process of spraying fibers from the heat refiner to obtain sized Juncao fibers;
  • Drying drying the sized Juncao fiber at 120-160°C to obtain the dried Juncao fiber, the moisture content of the dried Juncao fiber is 8.0-8.5%;
  • Paving, leveling and pre-pressing paving, leveling and pre-pressing the dried Juncao fiber to obtain the Juncao fiber slab, the volumetric weight of the Juncao fiber slab is controlled at 110-130kg/m 3 ; the volume of the fiber slab The weight is 110-130kg/m 3 , which is nearly twice as high as that of wood fiber. Therefore, the slab paving, sweeping and pre-pressing of Juncao fiber have different characteristics. The height of paving, the air volume of sweeping, the selection of wind pressure and the selection of pre-pressed mesh bags are all different from wood fiber.
  • Hot pressing hot pressing the Juncao fiber slab to obtain the Juncao fiber board.
  • the Juncao is Oasis No. 1 Juncao.
  • Oasis No. 1 is a kind of Juncao, which belongs to Gramineae, resembling reed and thin bamboo, and is a perennial grass plant.
  • Oasis No. 1 has a thick and knobby rhizome. The stalk is erect, tall, strong and branchable. The plant height is 3-10m, the stem is 1-4cm thick, and the leaves are large and bright green, 2-5cm wide.
  • the Oasis No. 1 plant grows fast, has strong coverage, and is managed extensively. It basically does not need fertilizers and herbicides when it grows mature, and it is free from diseases and insect pests.
  • Oasis 1 is suitable for planting in various types of soil, and can grow in acidic coarse sandy red loam and mild saline-alkali soil, whether it is dry land, wasteland, field, hillside, flat land, field ridge, river ridge, lakeside, sandy land, etc. Can be planted anywhere. Once planted, harvested every year, full production is expected to be harvested for 20 years.
  • the cellulose content of Oasis No. 1 rises rapidly to 30% after the heading stage, and the lignin content is 13-20%, and the fiber content will continue to increase in the late growth stage.
  • the present invention uses 1-2-year-old Juncao. It is mainly found through a large number of experiments and comparisons that the lignin content of the Juncao with too long age is too high, and the Juncao in this growth period has the best fiber content and fiber shape.
  • the cooking temperature is 158-160° C.
  • the steam pressure is 5.0-5.5 bar
  • the cooking time is 2-3 minutes.
  • the steam pressure is lower than 5.0 bar, it is not conducive to the spraying of Juncao fiber; when the steam pressure exceeds 5.5 bar and the cooking temperature is too high, the Oasis No. 1 Juncao will be coked during the cooking process, and the Juncao will become brittle. Loss, lack of toughness, affects the performance of fiberboard. If the cooking temperature is too low, the softening degree of the Juncao fiber is not enough, which is not conducive to the later compression and the stability of the finished fiberboard.
  • the adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin, which has a relatively low amount of free formaldehyde and is an environmentally friendly adhesive.
  • the drying step uses a flash dryer for drying.
  • the pre-pressed compression rate of the dried Juncao fiber is 50-70%. After Juncao is softened, it can achieve a greater compression rate, resulting in a higher cellulose content per unit volume.
  • the compression rate is determined by the fiber morphology of Oasis 1, which is calculated based on the conversion of Oasis 1 and eucalyptus fibers under the same slab and the same pressure.
  • the hot pressing temperature is 153-163° C.
  • the hot pressing pressure is 170-180 bar
  • the hot pressing time is 18-22 s/mm.
  • the hot-pressing temperature is controlled within the above-mentioned temperature range, which is lower than the hot-pressing temperature of the wood fiber board, which can effectively avoid the coking of the Juncao and also make the Juncao fiber in a better state after being hot-pressed and dense.
  • the cut Juncao is steamed within 2 days.
  • the Juncao should not be stored for more than 2 days to avoid the loss of raw materials caused by fermentation and mold of the Juncao fibers.
  • the inventor also provides a Juncao fiberboard, which is produced by the preparation method described in the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the density of the Juncao fiberboard is 730-860kg/m 3 , which meets the quality requirements of medium density boards (440-880kg/m 3 ).
  • the above-mentioned technical solution provides a Juncao fiberboard.
  • the raw material of the Juncao fiberboard is low-cost, fast-growing, high-cellulose content, and good fiber shape. , easy to popularize, the resulting fiberboard has dense structure, strong toughness, smooth surface, not easy to deform, smooth and delicate edges, uniform material color, water expansion rate and formaldehyde content and other indicators are better than GB/T 11718-2009 Various technical indicators in the.
  • the use of fast-growing Juncao instead of wood as raw materials greatly reduces the dependence of fiberboard production on trees with a long cultivation period and limited number of felling and utilization, and eases the contradiction between social and economic development and the balance of forest ecological environment.
  • Example 1 A Juncao fiberboard with a thickness of 18mm and its preparation method
  • the cut Juncao is steamed and softened under high pressure; the cooking temperature is controlled at 158-160°C, the steam pressure is 5.0-5.5bar, and the cooking time is 2-3min;
  • Defiberization and sizing mechanically disintegrate the cooked Juncao fibers into fibers in a hot mill; add adhesives during the process of ejecting fibers from the hot mills to obtain sized Juncao fibers; the addition of adhesives The amount is 10% urea-formaldehyde resin of the Juncao mass after cooking;
  • Drying Use a flash dryer to air-dry the sized Juncao fiber at 120-160°C, and the moisture content of the dried Juncao fiber is 8.05%;
  • Paving, leveling and pre-pressing pave, level and pre-press the dried Juncao fiber to obtain a Juncao fiber slab; the pre-pressed compression rate of the dried Juncao fiber is 50-70%; The volumetric weight of the Juncao after pressing is controlled at 110kg/m 3 ; the height of the sweeping rollers for the Juncao fiber slab is 50-60% of the wood fiber, and the height of the slab after pre-pressing is about 70% of the wood fiber.
  • Hot pressing hot pressing the Juncao fiber slab, the hot pressing temperature is 153°C, the hot pressing pressure is 170 bar, and the hot pressing time is 22 s/mm; the Juncao fiber board is obtained.
  • the preparation method of the Juncao fiberboard uses a more flexible Juncao, and what actually occurs in the thermal refiner is the defibration of the Juncao, and the process is simpler.
  • the utilization rate of Juncao is high, and there is almost no loss of cellulose.
  • the Juncao fiber in the fiberboard is thicker than the traditional wood fiber, and the amount of adhesive used is less, which makes the prepared fiberboard stronger in toughness, heavier in quality and more environmentally friendly.
  • the inventor found in the process of preparing the Juncao fiber board that the Juncao is easy to coke and lose cellulose. Therefore, during the preparation process, the cooking, drying and hot pressing processes must strictly control the heating temperature below 165 ° C, more preferably lower than 163°C.
  • serial number Test items unit Standard value measured value 1 moisture content % 3-13.0 6.2 2 static bending strength MPa ⁇ L : 24.0 24.0 3 Elastic Modulus MPa ⁇ L : 2300 3610 4 internal binding strength MPa ⁇ L : 0.45 1.17
  • Example 2 A Juncao fiberboard with a thickness of 12mm and its preparation method
  • Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that in this example:
  • the cut Juncao is steamed and softened under high pressure; the cooking temperature is 158-160°C, the steam pressure is 5.0-5.5bar, and the cooking time is 2-3min;
  • Defiberization and sizing mechanically disintegrate the cooked Juncao fibers into fibers in a heat refiner; add an adhesive during the process of spraying out fibers from the heat refiner to obtain sized Juncao fibers; The amount added is 14.9% urea-formaldehyde resin based on the mass of Juncao after cooking;
  • Paving, leveling and pre-pressing paving, leveling and pre-pressing the dried Juncao fiber to obtain a Juncao fiber slab; the pre-pressing compression rate is 50-70%; the volumetric weight of Juncao after pre-pressing is controlled at 130kg/m 3 ;
  • Hot pressing hot pressing the Juncao fiber slab, the hot pressing temperature is 158°C, the hot pressing pressure is 180 bar, and the hot pressing time is 18 s/mm; the Juncao fiber board is obtained.
  • serial number Test items unit Standard value measured value 1 moisture content % 3-13.0 5.7 2 static bending strength MPa ⁇ L : 24.0 33.4
  • Example 3 A Juncao fiberboard with a thickness of 15mm and its preparation method
  • the cut Juncao is steamed and softened under high pressure; the cooking temperature is 158-160°C, the steam pressure is 5.0-5.5bar, and the cooking time is 2-3min;
  • Defiberization and sizing mechanically disintegrate the cooked Juncao fibers into fibers in a heat refiner; add an adhesive during the process of spraying out fibers from the heat refiner to obtain sized Juncao fibers; The amount added is 13.0% urea-formaldehyde resin based on the mass of the cooked Juncao;
  • Paving, sweeping and pre-pressing Pave, sweep and pre-press the dried Juncao fiber to obtain the Juncao fiber slab; the compression ratio of pre-pressing is 50-70%; the volumetric weight of the Juncao fiber slab is controlled at 125kg/ m3 ;
  • Hot pressing hot pressing the Juncao fiber slab, the hot pressing temperature is 163°C, the hot pressing pressure is 175 bar, and the hot pressing time is 20 s/mm; the Juncao fiber board is obtained.
  • Example 4 A Juncao fiberboard with a thickness of 18mm and its preparation method
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that in the cooking step, the cut Juncao is softened by high-pressure cooking; the cooking temperature is controlled at 150°C, the steam pressure is 4.8bar, and the cooking time is 5min. Due to the low cooking temperature, Juncao The fiber has not been fully softened, and the bulk density is small, so that although the subsequent steps are the same, the density of the obtained Juncao fiberboard is low, and the values of internal bond strength, water absorption thickness expansion rate and surface bond strength are all lower than those obtained in Examples 1-3 The corresponding value of Juncao fiberboard.
  • Example 5 A Juncao fiberboard with a thickness of 18mm and its preparation method
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that in the cooking step, the cut Juncao is cooked and softened under high pressure; the cooking temperature is controlled at 170° C., the steam pressure is 6 bar, and the cooking time is 3 minutes. Because the cooking temperature is too high, the steam pressure is too high. Large, the coking loss of Juncao fiber affects the spraying, so that although the subsequent steps are the same, the static bending strength, internal bonding strength, water absorption thickness expansion rate and surface bonding strength of the obtained Juncao fiberboard are all lower than those in Example 1- 3 Corresponding values obtained for the Juncao fiberboard.
  • Example 6 A wood fiber board with a thickness of 18mm and its preparation method
  • fast-growing eucalyptus eucalyptus wood chips were used as raw materials, and the cooking step was changed to a thermal grinding process.
  • the temperature was controlled at 172-175° C.
  • the cooking pressure was 7.5-8.0 bar
  • the cooking time was 4-5 minutes.
  • the drying step controls the moisture content of the wood fiber to 9.0-9.5%
  • the height of the wood fiber board slab sweeping roller is 1.6-2 times the height of the Juncao fiber slab during paving
  • the height of the wood fiber board slab after pre-pressing is 1.4-2 times that of the Juncao fiber board. 1.5 times.
  • the hot-pressing temperature of the wood fiberboard is 165-175°C
  • the highest hot-pressing pressure is 185-195bar
  • the hot-pressing time is 15-18s/mm.
  • the detection indexes of the wood fiberboard obtained by the above preparation method also meet the standards of GB/T11718-2009.
  • Juncao raw materials The output rate and conversion rate of fiberboard are 2.5 times that of wood raw materials; from the perspective of felling utilization rate, Juncao can be felled and used for multiple times after one planting, and the cost of planting labor and fertilizer is low; from the perspective of ecological environmental protection and sustainable development It can be seen that Juncao replaces woody raw materials in the production of fiberboard, which can effectively help to preserve trees and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the ecological environment. Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention has technological advancement and excellent economic and social benefits.
  • an element defined by the words “comprising" or “comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method, article or terminal device comprising said element.
  • “greater than”, “less than”, “exceeding” and so on are understood as not including the original number; “above”, “below”, “within” and so on are understood as including the original number.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种菌草纤维板的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：切断：将含水量50-70％的1-2年生菌草切断为2-3cm的长度，得到切断后菌草；蒸煮：将所述切断后菌草高压蒸煮软化，得到蒸煮后的菌草；解纤、施胶：将经过蒸煮后的菌草用机械方式解成纤维；加入胶粘剂，得到施胶后的菌草纤维；干燥：对施胶后的菌草纤维在120-160℃进行干燥，得到干燥后的菌草纤维；铺装、预压：铺装、扫平和预压，得到菌草纤维板坯，热压：对所述菌草纤维板坯进行热压得到所述菌草纤维板。所述菌草纤维板的原料采用生长速度快的菌草代替木片，制备过程简单。

Description

一种菌草纤维板及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及纤维板技术领域，特别涉及一种菌草纤维板及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是世界上最大的人造板生产基地与输出国，每年对木材的需求量远远超过了木材的生产量。人造板产品作为不可或缺的生产、生活资料，在国民经济和人们物质生活中起着重要作用。近年来随着森林资源减少和环保意识的提高，工业生产势必要尽可能节约木材资源，而生产和使用人造板是节约和高效利用木材资源的主要途径之一。
纤维板的主要原料是木材和木材加工的剩余物或其他非木质原料，加工成纤维，施加胶粘剂和其他添加剂热压而成的板材，具有优良的性价比和优良的加工性能，需求量呈上升趋势，产量居世界第一。中密度纤维板常见的材质有松樟木、速生杨木、速生柳桉木等，主要成分是木质纤维、树脂胶等。
2015年，国家提出全面停止天然林商业性采伐的政策。木材成本逐渐提高，供需矛盾加剧。人们开始寻找木质原料的替代品，而目前使用的非木质原料如甘蔗，存在原料收购季节性强、收购成本大等问题，导致生产无法规模化，且受收购季节时环境因素影响较大，造成原料质量不稳定。由于甘蔗自身理化特性，无法生产出优质的中密度纤维板。随后也不乏尝试利用草本植物替代木质原材料进行板材生产的，均难以生产出质量指标和技术指标符合国家和行业标准的纤维板。由于木本植物和草本植物的茎部结构不同，含水率等特性也不一致，“以草代木”的效果不佳。
速生碳汇草是通过某些禾本科植物杂交培育的新品种，生产周期短，一年可多次收割。专利号为CN 107032668 A的专利文件提供了一种速生碳汇草制造建筑材料及木质替代品的方法，其途径是：(1)适时收割种植的速生碳汇 草；(2)根据加工成发泡纤维板、组合墙体、轻质砖瓦、阻燃保温板、木质替代品、纸质替代品的技术要求，对速生碳汇草进行预处理；(3)生产发泡纤维板、组合墙体、轻质砖瓦、阻燃保温板、木质替代品、纸质替代品。该技术方案生产的产品可替代复合材料、EPS发泡塑料等轻质材料，外形美观，密封性、缓冲性好，但刨花板容积较大，相对于其他板材来说也比较重，不太适宜作为刨花板原材料。
发明内容
为此，发明人提供了一种原材料为天然菌草的纤维板及其制备方法，达到替代木质原材料、降低生产成本的目的；并且采用本发明制备方法所得的纤维板的韧性较强、吸水厚度不易膨胀。
为实现上述目的，在本发明的第一方面，发明人提供了一种菌草纤维板的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
切断：将含水量50-70％的1-2年生菌草切断为2-3cm的长度，得到切断后菌草；
蒸煮：将所述切断后菌草高压蒸煮软化，得到蒸煮后的菌草；
解纤、施胶：在热磨机中将经过蒸煮后的菌草用机械方式解成纤维；在热磨机喷出纤维的过程中，加入胶粘剂，得到施胶后的菌草纤维；
干燥：对施胶后的菌草纤维在120-160℃进行干燥，得到干燥后的菌草纤维，干燥后的菌草纤维的含水量为8.0-8.5％；
铺装、扫平和预压：将干燥后的菌草纤维进行铺装、扫平和预压，得到菌草纤维板坯，所述菌草纤维板坯容积重控制在110-130kg/m 3；纤维板坯容积重110-130kg/m 3，比木质纤维高近两倍，因此，菌草纤维的板坯铺装、扫平和预压有不一样的特性。铺装的高度、扫平的风量、风压的选择以及预压网袋的选择都与木质纤维不同。
热压：对所述菌草纤维板坯进行热压得到所述菌草纤维板。
优选的，所述菌草采用绿洲1号菌草。绿洲1号是菌草的一种，属禾本科，形似芦苇又似细竹，是一种多年禾本科植物。绿洲1号具有粗而多节的根茎，秆直立、高大、粗壮、可分枝，株高3-10m，茎粗1-4cm，叶片宽大鲜绿，宽2-5cm。绿洲1号植株生长快，覆盖性强、管理粗放，生长成熟基本不需要施用肥料和除草剂，无病虫害。绿洲1号适合种植于各种类型的土壤，在酸性粗砂质红壤土和轻度盐碱地均能生长，无论是旱地、荒地、田地、山坡、平地、田埂、河埂、湖泊边、沙地等地方均可种植。一次种植，每年收割，满产可望收获20年。绿洲1号在抽穗期后纤维素含量迅速上升到30％，木质素含量为13-20％，生长后期纤维含量还会继续升高。本发明采用的是1-2年生的菌草，主要是经过大量实验对比发现，草龄太长的菌草木质素含量过高，该生长期的菌草具有最佳的纤维含量和纤维形态。
优选的，所述蒸煮步骤，蒸煮温度为158-160℃，蒸汽压力为5.0-5.5bar，蒸煮时间为2-3min。当蒸汽压力低于5.0bar时，不利于菌草纤维喷浆；当蒸汽压力超过5.5bar、蒸煮温度过高时，会使绿洲1号菌草在蒸煮过程中发生焦化，菌草焦化变脆纤维损失，缺乏韧性，影响纤维板的性能。蒸煮温度过低则菌草纤维软化度不够，不利于后期的压缩和成品纤维板的稳定性。
优选的，所述解纤、施胶步骤，胶粘剂采用脲醛树脂，脲醛树脂中的游离甲醛量较低，是较为环保的胶粘剂。
优选的，所述干燥步骤，采用闪击式干燥机进行干燥。
优选的，所述铺装、扫平和预压步骤，所述干燥后的菌草纤维预压的压缩率为50-70％。菌草软化后可达到较大的压缩率，使得单位体积内纤维素含量较高。压缩率由绿洲1号的纤维形态特性决定，此压缩率是按照绿洲1号与桉树纤维在相同板坯和相同压力下换算得到。
优选的，所述热压步骤，热压温度为153-163℃，热压压力为170-180bar, 热压时间为18-22s/mm。热压步骤控制热压温度在上述温度范围，低于木质纤维板的热压温度，这样可以有效避免菌草发生焦化，也使菌草纤维经热压致密的较佳状态。
优选的，切断后的菌草在2天内进行蒸煮。切断后菌草存放时间不宜超过2天，避免菌草纤维堆放发生发酵发霉导致原料损失。
在本发明的第二方面，发明人还提供了一种菌草纤维板，所述菌草纤维板采用本发明第一方面所述的制备方法进行生产得到。
优选的，所述菌草纤维板的密度为730-860kg/m 3，这一板材密度范围符合中密度板材的质量要求(440-880kg/m 3)。
区别于现有技术，上述技术方案提供了一种菌草纤维板，所述菌草纤维板的原料采用低成本、生长速度快、纤维素含量高、纤维形态好的菌草代替木质原材料，制备过程简单，易于推广，所得到的纤维板板层结构密实、韧性强，表面平整光洁，不易变形，边缘光挺、细腻，材质色泽均匀，吸水膨胀率及甲醛含量等指标均优于GB/T 11718-2009中的各项技术指标。由于采用速生菌草替代木质作为原料，大大减少了纤维板生产制造对培植周期长、砍伐利用次数有限的林木的依赖度，缓解了社会经济发展与林木生态环境平衡的需求之间的矛盾。
具体实施方式
为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合具体实施例详予说明。
实施例1 一种厚度为18mm菌草纤维板及其制备方法
切断：将含水量为50.2％的1.5年生绿洲1号菌草切断为2-3cm的长度；
蒸煮：将切断后菌草高压蒸煮软化；控制蒸煮温度为158-160℃，蒸汽压力为5.0-5.5bar，蒸煮时间为2-3min；
解纤、施胶：在热磨机中将蒸煮后的菌草用机械方式解成纤维；在热磨机 喷出纤维的过程中，加入胶粘剂，得到施胶后的菌草纤维；胶粘剂的加入量为蒸煮后的菌草质量的10％脲醛树脂；
干燥：使用闪击式干燥机对施胶后的菌草纤维在120-160℃进行风干干燥，干燥后的菌草纤维的含水量为8.05％；
铺装、扫平和预压：对干燥后的菌草纤维进行铺装、扫平和预压，得到菌草纤维板坯；所述干燥后的菌草纤维预压的压缩率为50-70％；预压后菌草的容积重控制在110kg/m 3；菌草纤维板坯扫平辊高度为木质纤维的50-60％，预压后板坯高度为木质纤维的70％左右。
热压：对菌草纤维板坯进行热压，热压温度为153℃，热压压力为170bar,热压时间为22s/mm；得到所述菌草纤维板。
相比于利用木片进行造纸需要进行热磨工序，本发明提供的菌草纤维板的制备方法采用更柔韧的菌草，在热磨机中实际上发生的是菌草的解纤，工艺更加简单，制备过程中菌草的利用率高，几乎没有纤维素的损失。同时纤维板中的菌草纤维也相比传统的木质纤维更粗大，胶粘剂的使用量更少，使得所制备的纤维板的韧性更强，质量更重，更加环保。同时，发明人在制备菌草纤维板的过程中发现该菌草容易焦化，损失纤维素，因此在制备过程中，蒸煮、干燥和热压过程需严格控制加热温度低于165℃，更优选的是低于163℃。
对实施例1所制备的菌草纤维板的各项性能按照GB/T11718-2009进行检测，数据表1所示：
表1厚度为18mm菌草纤维板的检测值
序号 检验项目 单位 标准规定值 实测值
1 含水率 ％ 3-13.0 6.2
2 静曲强度 MPa μ L：24.0 24.0
3 弹性模量 MPa μ L：2300 3610
4 内结合强度 MPa μ L：0.45 1.17
5 吸水厚度膨胀率 ％ μ L：12.0 6.9
6 表面结合强度 MPa μ L：24.0 1.50
7 握螺钉力 N — 板面:1690/板边:1380
8 甲醛释放量 mg/100g ≤8.0 5.0
实施例2 一种厚度为12mm菌草纤维板及其制备方法
与实施例1的不同之处在于，本实施例中：
切断：将含水量59.5％的2年生绿洲1号菌草切断为2-3cm的长度；
蒸煮：将切断后的菌草高压蒸煮软化；蒸煮温度为158-160℃，蒸汽压力为5.0-5.5bar，蒸煮时间为2-3min；
解纤、施胶：在热磨机中将经过蒸煮后的菌草用机械方式解成纤维；在热磨机喷出纤维的过程中，加入胶粘剂，得到施胶后的菌草纤维；胶粘剂的加入量为蒸煮后的菌草质量的14.9％脲醛树脂；
干燥：使用闪击式干燥机对施胶后的菌草纤维在120-160℃进行风干干燥，干燥后的菌草纤维的含水量为8.5％；
铺装、扫平和预压：对干燥后的菌草纤维进行铺装、扫平和预压，得到菌草纤维板坯；预压的压缩率为50-70％；预压后菌草的容积重控制在130kg/m 3；
热压：对菌草纤维板坯进行热压，热压温度为158℃，热压压力为180bar,热压时间为18s/mm；得到所述菌草纤维板。
对实施例2所制备的菌草纤维板的各项性能按照GB/T11718-2009进行检测，数据表2所示：
表2厚度为12mm菌草纤维板的检测值
序号 检验项目 单位 标准规定值 实测值
1 含水率 ％ 3-13.0 5.7
2 静曲强度 MPa μ L：24.0 33.4
3 弹性模量 MPa μ L：2300 4010
4 内结合强度 MPa μ L：0.45 1.28
5 吸水厚度膨胀率 ％ μ L：12.0 7.8
6 表面结合强度 MPa μ L：24.0 1.33
7 密度 g/cm 3 / 0.78
8 板内密度偏差 ％ / -5.1/+5.1
9 甲醛释放量 mg/100g ≤8.0 5.1
实施例3 一种厚度为15mm菌草纤维板及其制备方法
与上述两个实施例的不同之处在于，切断：将含水量54.5％的1年生绿洲1号菌草切断为2-3cm的长度；
蒸煮：将切断后的菌草高压蒸煮软化；蒸煮温度为158-160℃，蒸汽压力为5.0-5.5bar，蒸煮时间为2-3min；
解纤、施胶：在热磨机中将经过蒸煮后的菌草用机械方式解成纤维；在热磨机喷出纤维的过程中，加入胶粘剂，得到施胶后的菌草纤维；胶粘剂的加入量为蒸煮后的菌草质量的13.0％脲醛树脂；
干燥：使用闪击式干燥机对施胶后的菌草纤维在120-160℃进行风干干燥，干燥后的菌草纤维的含水量为8.35％；
铺装、扫平和预压：对干燥后的菌草纤维进行铺装、扫平和预压，得到菌草纤维板坯；预压的压缩率为50-70％；菌草纤维板坯的容积重控制在125kg/m 3；
热压：对菌草纤维板坯进行热压，热压温度为163℃，热压压力为175bar,热压时间为20s/mm；得到所述菌草纤维板。
实施例4 一种厚度为18mm菌草纤维板及其制备方法
与实施例1的不同之处在于，蒸煮步骤中，将切断后的菌草高压蒸煮软 化；控制蒸煮温度为150℃，蒸汽压力为4.8bar，蒸煮时间为5min，由于蒸煮温度较低，菌草纤维没有得到充分软化，容重较小，以致虽然后续步骤工艺相同，但得到的菌草纤维板密度较低，内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率和表面结合强度数值均低于实施例1-3得到的菌草纤维板的相应数值。
实施例5 一种厚度为18mm菌草纤维板及其制备方法
与实施例1的不同之处在于，蒸煮步骤中，将切断后的菌草高压蒸煮软化；控制蒸煮温度为170℃，蒸汽压力为6bar，蒸煮时间为3min，由于蒸煮温度过高，蒸汽压力过大，菌草纤维焦化损失，影响喷浆，以致虽然后续步骤工艺相同，但得到的菌草纤维板的静曲强度、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率和表面结合强度数值均低于实施例1-3得到的菌草纤维板的相应数值。
实施例6 一种厚度为18mm木质纤维板及其制备方法
本实施例采用速生柳桉木片作为原料，蒸煮步骤改为热磨工艺，温度控制在172-175℃，蒸煮压力为7.5-8.0bar,蒸煮时间为4-5min。干燥步骤控制木质纤维含水率为9.0-9.5％，铺装时木质纤维板板坯扫平辊高度是菌草纤维板坯高度的1.6-2倍，预压后木质纤维板板坯高度是菌草纤维板的1.4-1.5倍。热压工艺中，木质纤维板的热压温度为165-175℃，热压最高压力185-195bar，热压时间15-18s/mm。上述制备方法得到的木质纤维板各项检测指标也符合GB/T11718-2009的标准。
但发明人经测算发现，树龄为5年的木质原料15吨可生产10m 3纤维板，草龄为2年的菌草原料15吨也可生产10m 3纤维板，但从种植周期来看，菌草原料的产出率和纤维板转化率是木质原料的2.5倍；从砍伐利用率来看，菌草一次种植可以多次砍伐利用，且种植的人工、肥料等成本投入低；从生态环保可持续发展角度来看，菌草在纤维板生产制造方面替代木质原料，可有效帮 助蓄养林木、促进生态环境健康可持续发展，因此，本发明技术方案具有技术先进性和优良的经济和社会效益。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括……”或“包含……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的要素。此外，在本文中，“大于”、“小于”、“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”、“以下”、“以内”等理解为包括本数。
需要说明的是，尽管在本文中已经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围。因此，基于本发明的创新理念，对本文所述实施例进行的变更和修改，或利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，直接或间接地将以上技术方案运用在其他相关的技术领域，均包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种菌草纤维板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
    切断：将含水量50-70％的1-2年生菌草切断为2-3cm的长度，得到切断后菌草；
    蒸煮：将所述切断后菌草高压蒸煮软化，得到蒸煮后的菌草；
    解纤、施胶：在热磨机中将蒸煮后的菌草用机械方式解成纤维；在热磨机喷出纤维的过程中，加入胶粘剂，得到施胶后的菌草纤维；
    干燥：对施胶后的菌草纤维在120-160℃进行干燥，得到干燥后的菌草纤维，干燥后的菌草纤维的含水量为8.0-8.5％；
    铺装、扫平和预压：将干燥后的菌草纤维进行铺装、扫平和预压，得到菌草纤维板坯，所述菌草纤维板坯容积重控制在110-130kg/m 3；
    热压：对所述菌草纤维板坯进行热压得到所述菌草纤维板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述菌草采用绿洲1号菌草。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述蒸煮步骤，蒸煮温度为158-160℃，蒸汽压力为5.0-5.5bar，蒸煮时间为2-3min。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述解纤、施胶步骤，胶粘剂采用脲醛树脂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述干燥步骤，采用闪击式干燥机进行干燥。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述铺装、扫平和预压步骤，所述干燥后的菌草纤维预压的压缩率为50-70％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述热压步骤，热压温度为153-163℃，热压压力为170-180bar,热压时间为18-22s/mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，切断后的菌草在2天 内进行蒸煮。
  9. 一种菌草纤维板，其特征在于，所述菌草纤维板采用权利要求1-8任一所述的制备方法进行生产得到。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的菌草纤维板，其特征在于，所述菌草纤维板的密度为730-860kg/m 3。
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