WO2022267540A1 - 通信系统、发射机及通信方法 - Google Patents

通信系统、发射机及通信方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022267540A1
WO2022267540A1 PCT/CN2022/079391 CN2022079391W WO2022267540A1 WO 2022267540 A1 WO2022267540 A1 WO 2022267540A1 CN 2022079391 W CN2022079391 W CN 2022079391W WO 2022267540 A1 WO2022267540 A1 WO 2022267540A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
transmitter
communication node
target
switch network
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/079391
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
常泽山
常天海
邓宁
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to EP22827045.0A priority Critical patent/EP4340253A4/en
Publication of WO2022267540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022267540A1/zh
Priority to US18/544,932 priority patent/US20240236531A9/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
    • H04J14/021—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
    • H04J14/0212—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM] using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
    • H04J14/0267—Optical signaling or routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0007—Construction
    • H04Q2011/0032—Construction using static wavelength routers (e.g. arrayed waveguide grating router [AWGR] )
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0073—Provisions for forwarding or routing, e.g. lookup tables

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the communication field, in particular to a communication system, a transmitter and a communication method.
  • Current communication systems include multiple communication nodes and multi-stage switches. When communicating between any two communication nodes, the data sent by the source communication node is transmitted to the destination communication node through at least one switch.
  • the switch can first perform a photoelectric conversion on the received optical signal to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal , and then through an electro-optical conversion, the electrical signal is converted into an optical signal and sent out. In this way, a relatively large communication delay between various communication nodes is caused.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a communication system, a transmitter, and a communication method.
  • the communication delay in the communication system can be reduced. Described technical scheme is as follows:
  • the present application provides a communication system, for example, the communication system is a data center network.
  • the communication system includes: M transmitters, N receivers and an optical switch network. Both N and M are positive integers greater than 1.
  • the optical switch network includes one or more optical switches, and multiple optical paths are configured in the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter is any one of the M transmitters
  • the first receiver is the receiver that communicates with the first transmitter among the N receivers, and the first transmitter is connected to the first source communication node , the first receiver is connected to the first destination communication node.
  • the first transmitter is used to determine the target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node, and send the target optical signal to the optical switch network according to the target optical path.
  • the target optical signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node, and the first electrical signal may carry data information.
  • the optical switch network is used to send the target optical signal to the first receiver according to the target optical path.
  • the first receiver is used for receiving the target optical signal, converting the target optical signal into a second electrical signal and sending it to the first destination communication node.
  • multiple optical paths are configured in the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter converts the first electrical signal sent by the first communication node into a target optical signal
  • the first transmitter can determine a target from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node in multiple optical paths light path.
  • the optical switch network receives the target optical signal sent by the first transmitter
  • the optical switch can directly send the target optical signal to the first receiver according to the target optical path, so that the first receiver converts the target optical signal
  • the second electrical signal is sent to the first destination node.
  • the target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node is determined by the first transmitter, without selecting a communication path by the optical switch network, further reducing the transmission delay of optical signals in the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter is configured to determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node based on a routing table, where the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node.
  • the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node. The following will take two optional implementation modes as examples for schematic illustration:
  • the routing table is used to record the corresponding relationship between the destination communication node and the wavelength.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths that correspond one-to-one to the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by the first transmitter, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node. In this way, through the correspondence between the wavelength and the destination communication node, it is ensured that after the first transmitter transmits optical signals of different wavelengths, the optical signals of different wavelengths can be transmitted in different optical paths in the optical switch network to pass through different receivers. transmitted to the corresponding destination communication node.
  • the first transmission is also used for: after the first transmitter receives the first electrical signal carrying data information sent by the first destination communication node, based on the first destination communication node and the routing table, determine the target wavelength, and based on the received first electrical signal, modulate the optical signal of the target wavelength to obtain the target optical signal.
  • each transmitter in the communication system can be connected to an input port of the switch network through one optical fiber
  • each receiver can be connected to an output port of the switch network through one optical fiber.
  • the one optical fiber includes one optical fiber, the number of optical fibers used in the communication system is less, which effectively reduces the manufacturing cost of the communication system.
  • the first transmitter is further configured to: acquire an optical signal of the target wavelength after the target wavelength is determined.
  • acquisition methods are schematically described below:
  • the communication system further includes: a light source pool, where the light source pool may include one or more light sources, and the light source pool is used to provide optical signals of different wavelengths.
  • the first transmitter can select the optical signal of the target wavelength among the optical signals provided by the light source pool.
  • the number of the light source pools may also be M, and the M light source pools are connected to the M transmitters in one-to-one correspondence, and each light source pool is used to provide optical signals of different wavelengths to corresponding transmitters.
  • the M transmitters in the communication system can also share one light source pool, which can reduce the manufacturing cost of the communication system.
  • the first transmitter includes a tunable laser, and the tunable laser can send out optical signals of different wavelengths.
  • the first transmitter can send out an optical signal of a target wavelength through a tunable laser.
  • the tunable laser may be packaged in the first transmitter, for example, it may be packaged in an optical module of the first transmitter.
  • the first transmitter can directly provide the optical signal of the target wavelength without related regulation by other components, thereby improving the efficiency of the transmitter transmitting the optical signal to the optical switch network.
  • the structure of the optical switch network can be realized in many ways, and the embodiment of the present application takes the following two possible ways as examples for schematic illustration:
  • each optical switch in the optical switch network may include: a wavelength selective switch (Wavelength Selective Switch, WSS).
  • WSS wavelength selective switch
  • each optical switch in the optical switch network may include: an optical adjustment unit, and the optical adjustment unit includes: an arrayed waveguide grating (Arrayed Waveguide Grating, AWG) and a plurality of optical switches.
  • the light adjustment unit can realize the same function as the aforementioned WSS.
  • each optical switch is used to adjust the optical path direction of each optical signal output by the AWG.
  • the optical switch may be a micro-electro-mechanical system (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, MEMS).
  • the WSS or the MEMS of the optical adjustment unit can be controlled to adjust the connection relationship inside the optical switch network.
  • the operator does not need to manually configure the optical path, which improves the efficiency of configuring the optical path.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths corresponding to different input ports one by one, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node. In this way, the input port of the optical switch network corresponds to the destination communication node, ensuring that after the first transmitter transmits optical signals to different input ports, the optical signals received by the optical switch network from different input ports can be transmitted in different optical paths. Transmission is performed to transmit to different destination communication nodes through different receivers.
  • the first transmission is also used for: after the first transmitter receives the first electrical signal carrying data information sent by the first destination communication node, based on the first destination communication node and the routing table, determine the target input port, and after converting the received first electrical signal into a target optical signal, send the target optical signal to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the communication system further includes: an optical switch for multiple selection.
  • the one-to-many optical switch has an input port and multiple output ports, and the one-to-many optical switch is used to select one output port from the multiple output ports to output optical signals.
  • An output port of the first transmitter may be connected to an input port of a one-to-many optical switch, and each output port of the one-to-many optical switch is connected to an input port of the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter can control the multi-choice optical switch to select the output port connected to the target input port to output the target optical signal, so that the target optical signal is sent to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the one-to-many optical switch may be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) matrix.
  • the MZI matrix may include: multiple MZI optical switches.
  • the communication system further includes: a splitter and multiple energy conditioners.
  • the multiple energy conditioners are respectively connected to multiple input ports of the optical switch network.
  • the splitter is used for: dividing the optical signal input by the first transmitter into multiple optical signals, and sending the multiple optical signals to multiple energy conditioners respectively.
  • the energy adjuster is used for: adjusting the energy of the optical signal sent by the splitter.
  • the first transmitter can control the plurality of energy conditioners so that the target optical signal is sent to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the energy regulator may include: an optical amplifier (optical amplifiers, OA) and/or a variable optical attenuator (variable optical attenuator, VOA).
  • the OA can be a semiconductor optical amplifier (semiconductor optical amplifiers, SOA)
  • the first transmitter determines the target input port
  • the first transmitter does not need to transmit an optical signal of a specified wavelength, and only passes through the optical signal of an optical switch (for example, an MZI optical switch or an energy conditioner).
  • an optical switch for example, an MZI optical switch or an energy conditioner.
  • a quick adjustment to launch an optical signal to that target input port is all it takes.
  • the control efficiency of the optical switch by the first transmitter is much higher than the adjustment efficiency of the first transmitter for emitting a specified wavelength. Therefore, the efficiency of the first transmitter transmitting the target optical signal to the target port of the optical switch network is relatively high, and the transmission delay is relatively small.
  • the structure of the optical switch network can be realized in many ways, and the embodiment of the present application takes the following two possible ways as examples for schematic illustration:
  • each optical switch in the optical switch network may include: a distribution frame, where the distribution frame has multiple input ports and multiple output ports. Each input port of the distribution frame is connected to each output port of the distribution frame through an optical fiber.
  • each optical switch in the optical switch network may include: a chassis and multiple optical switches.
  • the shelf has multiple input ports and multiple output ports, and each input port of the shelf is connected to each output port of the shelf through one or more optical switches.
  • the optical switch may be MEMS, which can adjust the optical path direction of the optical signal input from the input port of the chassis.
  • each input port of the optical switch network is only connected to one output port through optical fiber and MEMS, therefore, there are fewer optical devices in the optical switch network, and the insertion loss caused by optical signal transmission is less , effectively improving the quality of signal transmission.
  • the communication system further includes: multiple source communication nodes, multiple destination communication nodes and a centralized controller.
  • the centralized controller is used to generate the routing table based on the communication relationship between the multiple source communication nodes and the multiple destination communication nodes.
  • the centralized controller may acquire the communication relationships between multiple source communication nodes and multiple destination communication nodes according to a pre-acquired collective communication library.
  • the centralized controller can also send the generated routing table to each transmitter, and the centralized controller can control the optical switch network according to the routing table, Establishes optical paths in a network of optical switches.
  • the communication system further includes: an electrical switch network.
  • a plurality of electrical switches may be included in the network of electrical switches.
  • Each transmitter and each receiver in the communication system may also be connected to a network of electrical switches.
  • the centralized controller After the centralized controller generates the routing table, it can send the routing table to each transmitter through the electrical switch network.
  • the first transmitter can send control information over the network of electrical switches.
  • the data information is transmitted through the optical switch network. Since the optical switch network does not need to perform photoelectric conversion, the communication delay for data information transmission between the sending end and the receiving end is guaranteed to be low. , typically less than 10 ns.
  • the transmission of control information is carried out through the electrical switch network. Since the electrical switch network does not need to transmit data information, its structure can be simplified compared with the structure of the traditional electrical switch network to ensure the communication of control information transmission between the sending end and the receiving end. Latency is low.
  • each transmitter and each receiver can be connected to an input port of the optical switch network through an optical fiber.
  • the one optical fiber may include two or more optical fibers, and each optical fiber in the one optical fiber can transmit an optical signal with a certain bandwidth. In this way, the optical signal transmission bandwidth between the transmitter and the optical switch network is relatively large, which effectively improves the transmission efficiency of the optical signal.
  • each transmitter and each receiver in the communication system includes: a network card and an optical module connected to the network card.
  • the transmitter can preprocess the electrical signal through the network card (for example, convert the digital signal into an analog signal), and convert the electrical signal into an optical signal through the optical module.
  • the receiver can convert the optical signal into an electrical signal through the optical module, and process the electrical signal through the network card (such as converting an analog signal into a digital signal).
  • the present application provides a transmitter, for example, the transmitter may be the foregoing first transmitter.
  • the transmitter may include: a network card, configured to determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node. an optical module, configured to send the target optical signal to the optical switch network according to the target optical path, so that the optical switch network sends the target optical signal to the first receiver connected to the first destination communication node according to the target optical path , the target optical signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node.
  • the network card is configured to: determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node based on a routing table, where the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the wavelength.
  • Different optical paths corresponding to the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by the first transmitter are configured in the optical switch network, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the network card is configured to: determine the target wavelength based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • the optical module is configured to modulate the optical signal of the target wavelength to obtain the target optical signal based on the first electrical signal.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths corresponding to different input ports one by one, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the network card is used for: the first transmitter determines a target input port based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • the optical module is used to send the target optical signal to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the aforementioned first electrical signal carries data information
  • the optical module is connected to an electrical switch network, so in the embodiment of the present application, the optical module is used to send control information through the electrical switch network.
  • the present application provides a communication method, which is applied to the communication system in the first aspect.
  • the communication method includes: a first transmitter determines a target optical path from a first source communication node to a first destination communication node, and sends a target optical signal to an optical switch network according to the target optical path.
  • the optical switch network sends the target optical signal to the first receiver connected to the first destination communication node according to the target optical path.
  • the first receiver receives the target optical signal, converts the target optical signal into a second electrical signal, and sends it to the first destination communication node.
  • the first source communication node is connected to the first transmitter.
  • the target optical signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node, and the first electrical signal carries data information.
  • the optical switch network includes one or more optical switches, and multiple optical paths are configured in the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter determining the target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node includes: the first transmitter determining the target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node based on a routing table , the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the wavelength.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths that correspond one-to-one to the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by the first transmitter, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the communication method further includes: the first transmitter determines the target wavelength based on the first destination communication node and the routing table. Based on the first electrical signal, the first transmitter modulates the optical signal of the target wavelength to obtain the target optical signal.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths corresponding to different input ports one by one, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the communication method further includes: the first transmitter determines the target input port based on the first destination communication node and the routing table. The first transmitter sends the target optical signal to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the communication method further includes: the centralized controller generates a routing table based on communication relationships between multiple source communication nodes and multiple destination communication nodes.
  • the communication method further includes: the centralized controller establishes multiple optical paths of the optical switch network based on the routing table.
  • the first transmitter is connected to the electrical switch network, and the communication method further includes: the first transmitter sends the control information through the electrical switch network.
  • the present application provides a communication method, which is applied to the transmitter in the second aspect.
  • the communication method includes: determining a target optical path from a first source communication node to a first destination communication node. Sending the target optical signal to the optical switch network according to the target optical path, so that the optical switch network sends the target optical signal to the first receiver connected to the first destination communication node according to the target optical path, and the target optical signal is sent by The converted first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node is obtained.
  • the process of the first transmitter determining the target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node includes: the first transmitter determines the first source communication node to the first destination communication node based on a routing table The target optical path of the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the wavelength.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths that correspond one-to-one to the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by the first transmitter, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the method also includes:
  • the first transmitter determines a target wavelength based on the first destination communication node and the routing table; based on the first electrical signal, the first transmitter modulates an optical signal of the target wavelength to obtain the target optical signal.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths corresponding to different input ports one by one, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the method also includes: the first transmitter determining a target input port based on the first destination communication node and the routing table. The first transmitter sends the target optical signal to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the foregoing first electrical signal carries data information
  • the first transmitter is connected to an electrical switch network.
  • the first transmitter may also send control information through the electrical switch network.
  • the present application provides a transmitter.
  • the transmitter includes: at least one module, and the at least one module may be used to implement the fourth aspect or the communication method provided by various possible implementations of the fourth aspect.
  • multiple optical paths are configured in the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter converts the first electrical signal sent by the first communication node into a target optical signal
  • the first transmitter can determine a target from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node in multiple optical paths light path.
  • the optical switch network receives the target optical signal sent by the first transmitter
  • the optical switch can directly send the target optical signal to the first receiver according to the target optical path, so that the first receiver converts the target optical signal
  • the second electrical signal is sent to the first destination node.
  • the target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node is determined by the first transmitter, without selecting a communication path by the optical switch network, further reducing the transmission delay of optical signals in the optical switch network.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between a light source pool and a transmitter in a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a WSS provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a light adjustment unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a network connection between a first transmitter and an optical switch provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another first transmitter connected to an optical switch network according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a distribution frame provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a machine frame and multiple optical switches inside it provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a relationship diagram of communication between communication nodes provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 18 is a structural block diagram of a transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • communication nodes communicate through a network of electrical switches. Each communication needs to go through the electrical switches in the electrical switch network to perform at least one photoelectric conversion and at least one electrical-optical conversion, resulting in a relatively large communication delay between communication nodes.
  • the electrical switch network can also select a communication path to ensure that the signal is sent to the destination communication node. For example, it is assumed that the source communication node communicates with the destination communication node through at least two electrical switches in the electrical switch network. Then, the at least two electrical switches respectively perform a communication path selection. That is, during the communication process, the electrical switch network performs at least two communication path selections. Further increases the communication delay between each communication node.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 10 may include: M transmitters 101 , N receivers 102 and an optical switch network 103 .
  • M and N are positive integers, for example, both are positive integers greater than 1.
  • the values of M and N may be the same or different.
  • the optical switch network 103 may include one or more optical switches 1031 .
  • the optical switch 1031 is used for switching (also called direction selection) of optical signals. Different from the electrical switch, the optical signal passing through the optical switch does not need to undergo photoelectric conversion, that is to say, the optical switch is a switch directly for the optical signal.
  • the optical switch network 103 can directly transmit optical signals throughout the network (that is, only optical signals are transmitted in the optical switch network), and the optical switch network 103 does not need to have the function of photoelectric conversion or electro-optical conversion.
  • the optical switch network 103 is configured with a plurality of optical paths, and the optical paths refer to paths through which optical signals pass between a source communication node and a destination communication node, which are also called optical channels.
  • the first transmitter sending a signal to the first receiver as an example.
  • the first transmitter is any one of the M transmitters 101
  • the first receiver is a receiver among the N receivers 102 that communicates with the first transmitter.
  • a first source communication node is connected to the first transmitter.
  • a first destination communication node is connected to a first receiver.
  • the first transmitter is configured to determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node, and send a target optical signal to the optical switch network 103 according to the target optical path.
  • the target optical signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node.
  • the first electrical signal may carry data information or control information.
  • the optical switch network 103 is used to send the target optical signal to the first receiver according to the target optical path.
  • the first receiver is used for receiving the target optical signal, converting the target optical signal into a second electrical signal and sending it to the first destination communication node.
  • the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal may be the same or different. For example, there may be a bit error or packet loss in the second electrical signal relative to the first electrical signal, thus causing the two to be different.
  • multiple optical paths are configured in the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter converts the first electrical signal sent by the first communication node into a target optical signal
  • the first transmitter can determine a target from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node in multiple optical paths light path.
  • the optical switch network receives the target optical signal sent by the first transmitter, the optical switch can directly send the target optical signal to the first receiver according to the target optical path, so that the first receiver converts the target optical signal
  • the second electrical signal is sent to the first destination node. In this way, when the first source node communicates with the first destination node, there is no need to perform photoelectric conversion in the optical switch network, which effectively reduces the communication delay between various communication nodes.
  • the target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node is determined by the first transmitter, without selecting a communication path by the optical switch network, further reducing the transmission delay of optical signals in the optical switch network.
  • the electrical switch network selects the communication path multiple times to complete the route selection.
  • the first transmitter only needs to select the communication path once to complete the selection. Due to the reduction of the route selection delay, the overall transmission delay in the communication system is effectively reduced.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 10 may further include: multiple source communication nodes 104 and multiple destination communication nodes 105 .
  • each transmitter 101 may be connected to at least one source communication node 104
  • each receiver 102 may be connected to at least one destination communication node 105 .
  • each source communication node 104 and each destination communication node 105 in the communication system 10 can be: a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit, GPU) or a chip, etc. in the server have processing A processing unit with a function (such as a calculation function) or a storage unit with a storage function such as a memory.
  • the source communication node is a signal source capable of providing electrical signals. It should be noted that at least one source communication node 104 and/or at least one destination communication node 105 may be integrated into one server. It should also be noted that in FIG.
  • each transmitter 101 is connected to a source communication node 104, and each receiver 102 is connected to a destination communication node 105 as an example for schematic illustration, but does not describe the connection between the transmitter 101 and the source communication node.
  • the connection relationship between the communication node 104 and the connection relationship between the receiver 102 and the destination communication node 105 are defined.
  • each transmitter 101 and each receiver 102 in the communication system 10 includes: a network card and an optical module connected to the network card.
  • the transmitter 101 can perform preprocessing of electrical signals (for example, converting digital signals into analog signals) through a network card, and convert electrical signals into optical signals through an optical module.
  • the receiver 102 can convert the optical signal into an electrical signal through an optical module, and process the electrical signal through a network card (for example, convert an analog signal into a digital signal).
  • Each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 stores a routing table.
  • the routing table may be stored in the network card of the transmitter 101 .
  • the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node 104 to the destination communication node 105, and usually a routing table can record at least one optical path.
  • the first transmitter may determine the target optical path from the first source communication node 1041 to the first destination communication node 1051 based on the routing table , so that after receiving the target optical signal sent by the first transmitter, the switch network 103 can send the target optical signal to the first destination node 1051 through the first receiver according to the target optical path.
  • the optical paths configured in the optical switch network 103 may be identified in various ways. Correspondingly, there are multiple ways to record the optical path from the source communication node 104 to the destination communication node 105 in the routing table.
  • different optical paths may be configured in the optical switch network 103, and the different optical paths correspond one-to-one to optical signals of different wavelengths from different transmitters.
  • the optical path can be identified by the wavelength emitted by the transmitter, and optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by the same transmitter are transmitted through different optical paths.
  • the optical switch network 103 After receiving the optical signal, the optical switch network 103 transmits the optical signal in the corresponding optical path according to the wavelength of the optical signal. In this case, the corresponding relationship between the destination communication node 105 and the wavelength may be recorded in the routing table.
  • different optical paths may be configured in the optical switch network 103, and the different optical paths are optical paths corresponding to different input ports of the optical switch network one-to-one.
  • an optical path can be identified by an input port of the optical switch network, and optical signals received by different input ports in the optical switch network 103 are transmitted through different optical paths.
  • the optical switch network 103 can transmit the optical signal through the optical path corresponding to the input port.
  • the routing table may record the corresponding relationship between the destination node 105 and the input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the embodiment of the present application will take the following two optional implementations as examples for schematic illustration, and in order to explain the communication relationship of various components in the communication system 10 more clearly, the following embodiments are all based on the first A transmitter sends a signal to a first receiver as an example for schematic illustration.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switch network 103 is configured with different optical paths 103a corresponding to the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by different transmitters 101 (dashed lines in FIG. 3 part).
  • Each optical path 103a corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the machine 102 transmits to the corresponding destination communication node.
  • each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 may be connected to an input port I1 of the switch network 103 through one optical fiber, and each receiver 102 may be connected to an output port O1 of the switch network 103 through one optical fiber.
  • each input port I1 can be connected to a different output port O1 through a different optical path 103a.
  • the optical switch network 103 after the input port I1 connected to the first transmitter receives the target optical signal, the optical switch network 103 can, based on the wavelength of the optical signal input by the input port I1, select The optical signal is transmitted in the optical path, so that the optical signal can be output from the corresponding output port O1.
  • the aforementioned path of optical fiber includes one optical fiber.
  • the first source communication node sends data information to the first destination communication node. Then, after the first transmitter receives the first electrical signal carrying the data information sent by the first source communication node, the first transmitter may perform the following steps to obtain the target optical signal:
  • A1. Determine the target wavelength based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 obtains the same routing table, and the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the identifier of the transmitter, the identifier of the destination communication node, and the wavelength. Then the first transmitter may query the routing table based on the identifier of the first transmitter and the identifier of the first destination communication node to obtain the corresponding target wavelength.
  • the routing table can be used to record the correspondence between the identifier of the transmitter, the identifier of the destination communication node, and the wavelength. For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the routing table, refer to Table 1 below.
  • the wavelength corresponding to the identifier of the transmitter as M1 and the identifier of the destination communication node as P1 is ⁇ 1.
  • the transmitter M1 is connected to the source communication node P0, it means: if the source communication node is P0 and the destination communication node is P1, then the transmitter M1 transmits an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1.
  • the routing table can be used to record the identifier of the transmitter, the identifier of the source communication node, the identifier of the destination communication node and the wavelength Correspondence.
  • the corresponding relationship recorded in the routing table refer to Table 2 below.
  • the identifier of the transmitter is M1
  • the identifier of the source communication node is P0
  • the identifier of the destination communication node is P2
  • the corresponding wavelength is ⁇ 2. It means: if the source communication node is P0 and the destination communication node is P2, then the transmitter M1 transmits an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 2.
  • the routing table obtained by each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 is different, the routing table obtained by each transmitter 101 corresponds to the transmitter, and the routing table corresponding to each transmitter is used to record The corresponding relationship between the identifier of the destination communication node and the wavelength emitted by the transmitter. Then the first transmitter can first obtain the routing table corresponding to the first transmitter. Assuming that the routing table is the first routing table, the first routing table is used to record the identity of the destination communication node and the wavelength emitted by the first transmitter. corresponding relationship, and then query the first routing table through the identifier of the first destination communication node to obtain the corresponding target wavelength.
  • the first routing table may be used to record the correspondence between the identifier of the destination communication node and the wavelength. For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the first routing table, refer to Table 3 below.
  • the identifier of the destination communication node is P1 and the corresponding wavelength is ⁇ 1.
  • the first transmitter is connected to the source communication node P0, it means: if the source communication node is P0 and the destination communication node is P1, then the first transmitter transmits an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1.
  • the first routing table can be used to record the source communication nodes
  • the identification, the corresponding relationship between the identification of the destination communication node and the wavelength For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the first routing table, refer to Table 4 below.
  • the wavelength corresponding to the identifier of the source communication node being P0 and the identifier of the destination communication node being P2 is ⁇ 2. It means: if the source communication node is P0 and the destination communication node is P2, then the first transmitter transmits an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 2.
  • the target wavelength emitted by the first transmitter may correspond to other communication parameters in addition to corresponding to the destination communication node. Then, in the routing table, the corresponding relationship between the other communication parameters, the destination communication node and the wavelength may be recorded. The first transmitter queries the routing table through the obtained other communication parameters and the identifier of the first destination communication node to obtain the corresponding target wavelength.
  • the first routing table can also be used to record the time slot, the identity of the source communication node, and the address of the destination communication node. Correspondence between identification and wavelength. For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the first routing table, refer to Table 5 below.
  • the time slot is T3, the identifier of the source communication node is P0, and the identifier of the destination communication node is P3, and the corresponding wavelength is ⁇ 3. It means: if the source communication node is P0 and the destination communication node is P3, then the first transmitter transmits an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 3 in the communication time slot T3.
  • the first transmitter may directly modulate the intensity of the optical signal at the target wavelength based on the received first electrical signal to obtain the target optical signal.
  • the coherent modulation is Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, QPSK) modulation.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • the optical switch network can transmit the target optical signal through the target optical path corresponding to the target wavelength, so that the target optical signal can be transmitted through the optical fiber sent to the first receiver. Subsequently, after the first receiver receives the target optical signal, the target optical signal may be converted into a second electrical signal and sent to the first destination communication node.
  • the communication system 10 may further include: a light source pool.
  • the light source pool may include one or more light sources, and the light source pool is used to provide optical signals of different wavelengths.
  • each transmitter 101 is able to select an optical signal of a desired wavelength from a pool of light sources. For example, after determining the target wavelength based on the aforementioned step A1, the first transmitter selects the optical signal of the target wavelength from the optical signals of different wavelengths provided by the light source pool 106 .
  • the communication system includes M light source pools corresponding to M transmitters 101 one-to-one, and each light source pool is used to provide corresponding transmitters 101 with optical signals of different wavelengths.
  • each light source pool may be connected to a corresponding transmitter 101 , or part or all of the M light source pools are integrated in the transmitter 101 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between a light source pool and a transmitter in a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the M transmitters 101 in the communication system 10 may share the light source pool 106 . Because the manufacturing cost of a single light source pool is relatively high, and it is easy to be damaged.
  • the centralized management and maintenance of the light source pool can be realized, which facilitates timely fault diagnosis when the light source in the light source pool fails, reduces the use and maintenance costs of the light source, and improves the safety and reliability of the light source.
  • the light sources included in the light source pool 106 can be packaged integrally. For example, it can be packaged into an optical chip or optical module that can send out one or more optical signals. In this way, manufacturing costs can be saved.
  • each light source pool may include multiple light sources, and each light source is used to provide an optical signal of one wavelength.
  • Each transmitter 101 may be connected to the light source pool 106 through an optical switch corresponding to the transmitter 101 .
  • Each transmitter 101 can make the light source pool 106 transmit an optical signal of a required wavelength to the transmitter 101 by controlling a corresponding optical switch. It should be noted that, for the type and working principle of the optical switch, refer to the corresponding part in the following embodiments for details, and details are not repeated here.
  • each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 may include a tunable laser 101a.
  • each transmitter 101 is capable of emitting an optical signal of a desired wavelength through the tunable laser 101a.
  • the tunable laser 101a may be a temperature-controlled laser, and its wavelength is adjusted by adjusting the temperature.
  • the tunable laser 101a can also be an electrically controlled laser, and its wavelength is adjusted by adjusting the voltage.
  • the tunable laser 101a can also be a magnetron laser, the wavelength of which is adjusted by adjusting the magnetic force.
  • the temperature-controlled laser can be widely used in transmitters because of its simple structure and convenient control.
  • the tunable laser 101a can be packaged in the optical module of the transmitter 101, and the transmitter 101 can directly provide the optical signal of the corresponding wavelength to the optical switch network 103 according to the wavelength of the optical signal transmitted by the transmitter 101 without other components.
  • Related regulation improves the efficiency of the transmitter 101 in transmitting optical signals to the optical switch network 103 .
  • the structure of the optical switch network 103 has multiple implementable modes, and the embodiment of the present application takes the following two implementable modes as examples for schematic illustration:
  • each optical switch in the optical switch network 103 may include: a wavelength selective switch (Wavelength Selective Switch, WSS). Then the optical switch network 103 may be a network formed by connecting multiple WSSs.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a WSS provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the WSS has a first port a1 and a plurality of second ports.
  • the multiple second ports are respectively: the second port b1, the second port c1 and the second port d1.
  • a first port a1 of the WSS is configured to connect with a transmitter or second port of other WSS, and each second port of the WSS is configured to connect with a receiver or first port of other WSS.
  • At least part of an optical path of the optical switch network 103 is formed between the first port a1 of the WSS and each second port.
  • the aforementioned first port is an input port
  • the second port is an output port.
  • the first port is an output port
  • the second port is an input port
  • the WSS can, according to the wavelength of the received optical signal, transmit a signal at multiple second ports of the WSS.
  • the WSS transmits the optical signal through the second port for transmitting the optical signal of the wavelength.
  • the WSS transmits the optical signal through the second port b1.
  • the WSS transmits the optical signal through the second port c1.
  • the WSS transmits the optical signal through the second port d1.
  • the WSS in the optical switch network 103 can be controlled to adjust the optical switch network 103 internal connections. Since the WSS itself has an optical path switching function, it supports millisecond-level fast connection relationship adjustment based on wavelength, so it can effectively simplify the complexity of configuring optical paths in the optical switch network 103 and improve the efficiency of configuring optical paths.
  • output port a is connected to the destination communication node P1 through the receiver
  • output port b is connected to the destination communication node P2 through the receiver. If the optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1 is output through the output port of the WSS before adjusting the optical path in the optical switch network, the optical signal can be output through the output port a of the optical switch network, and the optical signal output from the output port a can be transmitted to the destination communication node P1.
  • the optical signal after adjusting the optical path in the optical switch network, after the optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1 is output through the output port of the WSS, the optical signal can be output through the output port b of the optical switch network, and the output from the output port b The optical signal can be transmitted to the destination communication node P2.
  • the optical path in the optical switch network there is no need to change the connection relationship between each transmitter and/or receiver and the optical switch network, only the optical path configured inside the optical switch network is changed. Can. In this way, the communication relationship between each communication node in the communication system provided by the embodiment of the present application can be adjusted according to different use scenarios, which effectively improves the flexibility of the use of the communication system.
  • each optical switch in the optical switch network 103 may include: an optical adjustment unit, where the optical adjustment unit includes: an AWG and multiple optical switches. Then the optical switch network 103 may be a network formed by connecting multiple optical adjustment units. Each optical switch is used to adjust the optical path direction of each optical signal output by the AWG.
  • the optical switch can be MEMS.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a light adjustment unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the light adjustment unit can realize the same function as the aforementioned WSS.
  • the light adjustment unit has a first port a2 and a plurality of second ports, for example, the plurality of second ports are respectively: a second port b2, a second port c2 and a second port d2.
  • the AWG in the light adjustment unit has a first port and a plurality of second ports, the first port of the AWG is the first port a2 of the light adjustment unit, each second port of the AWG is connected to one end of a MEMS, and the other end of the MEMS One end is a second port of the light adjustment unit.
  • the first port a2 of the light conditioning unit is configured to be connected to a second port of a transmitter or other light conditioning unit, and each second port of the light conditioning unit is configured to be connected to a first port of a receiver or other light conditioning unit. port connection. At least part of an optical path of the optical switch network 103 is formed between the first port of the AWG in the optical adjustment unit and each MEMS.
  • the aforementioned first port is an input port
  • the second port is an output port.
  • the first port is an output port and the second port is an input port.
  • the two ends of the MEMS are respectively connected to the second port of the AWG and the second port of the light adjustment unit, and the MEMS can establish a transmission channel for optical signals between the second port of the AWG and the second port of the light adjustment unit .
  • the MEMS is turned on (also called on)
  • the transmission channel is turned on
  • the MEMS is turned off, the transmission channel is turned off.
  • the AWG in the optical adjustment unit can, according to the wavelength of the received optical signal, A second port is selected from the plurality of second ports of the AWG to output the optical signal, so that the optical signal can be output through the corresponding second port of the MEMS and the light adjustment unit.
  • the optical adjustment unit transmits the optical signal through the second port b2 for transmitting the optical signal of the wavelength ⁇ 1.
  • the MEMS conduction of the second port b2 connection is realized.
  • the optical adjustment unit When the wavelength of the optical signal received by the first port a2 of the optical adjustment unit is ⁇ 2, the optical adjustment unit transmits the optical signal through the second port c2 for transmitting the optical signal of the wavelength ⁇ 2. MEMS conduction implementation of port c2 connection. When the wavelength of the optical signal received by the first port a2 of the optical adjustment unit is ⁇ 3, the optical adjustment unit transmits the optical signal through the second port d2 for transmitting the optical signal of the wavelength ⁇ 3. MEMS conduction implementation of port d2 connection.
  • the MEMS of the optical adjustment unit in the optical switch network 103 can be controlled to The optical path direction of the optical signal output by the optical adjustment unit is adjusted, thereby adjusting the internal connection relationship of the optical switch network 103 . Since each MEMS in the optical adjustment unit can quickly adjust the optical path direction of one optical signal output by the AWG, it can effectively simplify the complexity of optical path configuration in the optical switch network 103 and improve the efficiency of optical path configuration.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical switch network 103 is configured with different optical paths 103b corresponding to different input ports I2 one-to-one (the dotted line part in FIG. 8 ). Each optical path 103b corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the connection between each output port O2 of the optical switch network 103 and different receivers 102.
  • two or two of the optical switch network 103 More than one output port O2 is connected to one receiver 102 at the same time.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection relationship between the optical switch network 103 and the receiver 102 .
  • the first transmitter may perform the following steps to transmit the target optical signal:
  • each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 obtains the same routing table, and the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the identifier of the transmitter, the identifier of the destination communication node, and the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network relation. Then the first transmitter can query the routing table based on the identifier of the transmitter and the identifier of the first destination communication node to obtain the corresponding target output port.
  • the routing table can be used to record the correspondence between the identifier of the transmitter, the identifier of the destination communication node, and the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the corresponding relationship recorded in the routing table can refer to the following Table 6.
  • the identifier of the transmitter is M1
  • the identifier of the destination communication node is P1
  • the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network is D1.
  • the transmitter M1 is connected to the source communication node P0, it means: if the source communication node of the optical signal is P0 and the destination communication node is P1, then the transmitter M1 transmits the optical signal to the input port D1 of the optical switch network.
  • the routing table can be used to record the identifier of the transmitter, the identifier of the source communication node, the identifier of the destination communication node and the optical switch.
  • the correspondence between the identifiers of the input ports of the network For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the routing table, refer to Table 7 below.
  • the identifier of the transmitter is M1
  • the identifier of the source communication node is P0
  • the identifier of the destination communication node is P2.
  • the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network is D1. It means: if the source communication node of the optical signal is P0 and the destination communication node is P2, the transmitter M1 transmits the optical signal to the input port D1 of the optical switch network.
  • the routing table obtained by each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 is different, the routing table obtained by each transmitter 101 corresponds to the transmitter, and the routing table corresponding to each transmitter is used to record The corresponding relationship between the identification of the destination communication node and the identification of the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter can first obtain the routing table corresponding to the first transmitter, assuming that the routing table is the first routing table, and the first routing table is used to record the identification of the destination communication node and the identification of the input port of the optical switch network corresponding relationship, and then query the first routing table through the identifier of the first destination communication node to obtain the corresponding target output port.
  • the first routing table may be used to record the correspondence between the identifier of the destination communication node and the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network. For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the first routing table, refer to Table 8 below.
  • the identifier of the destination communication node is P1 and the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network is D1.
  • the first transmitter is connected to the source communication node P0, it means: if the source communication node of the signal is P0 and the destination communication node is P1, then the first transmitter transmits an optical signal to the input port D1 of the optical switch network.
  • the first routing table can be used to record the source communication nodes
  • the identification, the corresponding relationship between the identification of the destination communication node and the identification of the input port of the optical switch network For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the first routing table, refer to Table 9 below.
  • the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network corresponding to the identifier of the source communication node being P0 and the identifier of the destination communication node being P2 is D2. It means: if the source communication node of the optical signal is P0 and the destination communication node is P2, then the first transmitter transmits the optical signal to the input port D2 of the optical switch network.
  • the target input port of the optical switch network may correspond to other communication parameters in addition to corresponding to the destination communication node. Then, in the routing table, the other communication parameters, the corresponding relationship between the destination communication node and the input port of the optical switch network can be recorded. The first transmitter queries the routing table through the obtained other communication parameters and the identifier of the first destination communication node to obtain the corresponding target input port.
  • the other communication parameters are time slots.
  • the first routing table can also be used to record time slots, the identity of the source communication node, and the address of the destination communication node.
  • the corresponding relationship between the identification and the identification of the input port of the optical switch network For example, for the corresponding relationship recorded in the first routing table, refer to Table 10 below.
  • the time slot is T3, the identifier of the source communication node is P0, and the identifier of the destination communication node is P3, and the identifier of the input port of the optical switch network is D3. It means: if the source communication node is P0 and the destination communication node is P3, then the first transmitter transmits an optical signal to the input port D3 of the optical switch network in the communication time slot T3.
  • the first transmitter may directly modulate the intensity of the optical signal based on the received first electrical signal to obtain the target optical signal.
  • the optical signal is coherently modulated to obtain the target optical signal.
  • the coherent modulation is QPSK modulation. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the foregoing modulation manner.
  • the optical switch network can transmit the target optical signal through the optical path corresponding to the target input port, so that the target optical signal The signal is sent to the first receiver through the optical fiber. Subsequently, after the first receiver receives the target optical signal, it can convert the target optical signal into a second electrical signal and send it to the first destination communication node.
  • the transmitter to transmit optical signals to different input ports in the optical switch network.
  • the embodiment of the present application uses the following two signal transmission methods for schematic illustration:
  • the first signal transmission mode is shown in FIG. 9 , which is a schematic diagram of a connection between a first transmitter and an optical switch network according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 10 may also include a multiple-selection optical switch 107 .
  • the one-to-many optical switch has one input port and multiple output ports, and the one-to-many optical switch 107 is used to select one output port from its multiple output ports to output optical signals.
  • the output port of the first transmitter is connected to the input port of the one-to-multiple optical switch 107 , and each output port of the one-to-multiple optical switch 107 is connected to an input port I2 of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the first transmitter can control the one-to-many optical switch 107 to select the output port connected to the target input port to output the target optical signal, so that the target optical signal is transmitted to the target input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the one-to-many optical switch 107 may be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) matrix.
  • the MZI matrix may include: a plurality of MZI optical switches, and each MZI optical switch has one input port and two output ports.
  • the multiple MZI optical switches are: MZI optical switch 107a, MZI optical switch 107b, and MZI optical switch 107c.
  • the input port of the MZI optical switch 107a is connected with the first transmitter, and the two output ends of the MZI optical switch 107a are respectively connected with the input port of the MZI optical switch 107b and the input end of the MZI optical switch 107c, and the two outputs of the MZI optical switch 107b Ports and Two output ports of 108c of the MZI optical switch are respectively connected to four input ports I2 of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the first transmitter can control multiple MZI optical switches, so that the target optical signal input to the input port of the MZI optical switch 107a can be output from one output port of the MZI optical switch 107b and the MZI optical switch 107c.
  • the second signal transmission mode is as shown in FIG. 10 , which is a schematic diagram of another kind of connection between the first transmitter and the optical switch network provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 10 may further include: a splitter 108 and a plurality of energy conditioners 109 .
  • the splitter 108 has an input port and multiple output ports, the input port of the splitter 108 can be connected to the first transmitter, and the multiple output ports of the splitter 108 can be connected to the energy conditioner 109 respectively.
  • the plurality of energy conditioners 109 are respectively connected to the plurality of input ports I2 of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the splitter 108 is used to divide the optical signal input by the first transmitter into multiple optical signals, and send the multiple optical signals to multiple energy conditioners 109 respectively.
  • the multiple optical signals correspond to the multiple output ports of the splitter 108 one by one, and the energy (also referred to as light intensity) of the multiple optical signals is generally equal.
  • Each energy regulator 109 is used to adjust the energy of the optical signal sent by the splitter 108 .
  • the first transmitter can control the plurality of energy regulators 109 so that the target optical signal is sent to the target input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the first transmitter can adjust the energy of the optical signal on the optical path where the controlled energy adjuster is located by controlling a plurality of energy adjusters 109, such as increasing or decreasing the energy, so that the target of the optical switch network 103 One optical path connected to the input port is turned on, and the optical signal transmitted in this optical path is the target optical signal, and the other optical paths are turned off, so that the target optical signal is sent to the target input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the energy regulator 109 may include: an optical amplifier (optical amplifiers, OA) and/or a variable optical attenuator (Variable Optical Attenuator, VOA).
  • the OA may be a semiconductor optical amplifier (semiconductor optical amplifiers, SOA). For this reason, this application will schematically illustrate the working principle of the energy conditioner 109 in the following three ways:
  • each energy conditioner 109 in the communication system 10 is an SOA
  • the splitter 108 can The received optical signal is equally divided into three optical signals with the same light intensity, and transmitted to three energy regulators 109 respectively. That is, the intensity of the optical signal received by each energy conditioner 109 is 1dBm. If only optical signals with an intensity higher than 1.5 dBm can be transmitted to the input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the first transmitter may control the three energy conditioners 109, so that the energy conditioners 109 connected to the target input port increase the intensity of the received optical signal to 2dBm, so as to obtain the target optical signal. That is, the light intensity of the target optical signal is 2dBm, which can be transmitted to the target input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • each energy conditioner 109 in the communication system 10 is a VOA
  • the splitter 108 can receive the optical signal is divided into three optical signals with the same light intensity, and transmitted to three energy regulators 109 respectively. That is, the intensity of the optical signal received by each energy conditioner 109 is 1 dBm. If only optical signals with an intensity higher than 0.8 dBm can be transmitted to the input port of the optical switch network 103 . Then, the first transmitter may control the three energy conditioners 109, so that the energy conditioners 109 not connected to the target input port can attenuate the intensity of the optical signal they receive to 0 dBm.
  • the optical signal received by the energy conditioner 109 connected to the input port of the target is the target optical signal. That is, the light intensity of the target optical signal is 1 dBm, which can be transmitted to the target input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • each energy conditioner 109 in the communication system 10 includes: VOA and SOA, assuming that the light intensity of the optical signal received by the splitter 108 is 3dBm, the splitter 108 can receive it
  • the optical signal is divided into three optical signals with the same light intensity, and transmitted to three energy regulators 109 respectively. That is, the intensity of the optical signal received by each energy conditioner 109 is 1 dBm. If only optical signals with an intensity higher than 1 dBm can be transmitted to the input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • the first transmitter can control the three energy regulators 109, so that the energy regulator 109 connected to the input port of the target can enhance the intensity of the optical signal it receives to 1.5dBm, and make the optical signal not connected to the target
  • the energy conditioner 109 connected to the input port can attenuate the intensity of the optical signal it receives to 0 dBm.
  • the optical signal output by the energy conditioner 109 connected to the target input port is the target optical signal. That is, the light intensity of the target optical signal is 1.5 dBm, which can be transmitted to the target input port of the optical switch network 103 .
  • each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 can be connected to a plurality of input ports I2 in the optical switch network 103, for example, each transmitter 101 can connect to the optical switch network through multiple optical fibers. Multiple input ports I2 in 103 are connected.
  • each receiver 102 in the communication system 10 can be connected with an output port O2 in the optical switch network 103, for example, each receiver 102 can be connected with an output port in the optical switch network 103 through one optical fiber O2 connection.
  • the first transmitter determines the target input port, the first transmitter does not need to transmit an optical signal of a specified wavelength, but only through a rapid adjustment of an optical switch (for example, an MZI optical switch or an energy conditioner) to match the One optical fiber connected to the input port of the target can transmit the optical signal.
  • an optical switch for example, an MZI optical switch or an energy conditioner
  • the control efficiency of the optical switch by the first transmitter is much higher than the adjustment efficiency of the first transmitter for emitting a specified wavelength. Therefore, the efficiency of the first transmitter transmitting the target optical signal to the target port of the optical switch network 103 is high, and the transmission delay is small.
  • the structure of the optical switch network 103 has multiple implementable modes, and the embodiment of the present application takes the following two implementable modes as examples for schematic illustration:
  • the optical switches in the optical switch network 103 include distribution frames, and the optical switch network 103 may be a network formed by connecting multiple distribution frames.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a distribution frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the patch panel has multiple input ports I2 and multiple output ports O2.
  • Each input port I2 of the distribution frame is configured to be connected to a transmitter or output port O2 of other distribution frames, and each output port O2 of the distribution frame is configured to be connected to a receiver or input of other distribution frames Port I2 connection.
  • Each input port I2 of the distribution frame is connected to each output port O2 of the distribution frame through an optical fiber.
  • Two distribution frames can also be connected by optical fiber.
  • the optical fiber between an input port I2 and an output port O2 of the distribution frame is at least part of an optical path.
  • the optical path in the optical switch network 103 includes: an optical fiber arranged in a distribution frame, and an optical fiber connected between two distribution frames. Therefore, when the optical path is configured inside the optical switch network 103 to configure the communication relationship between the various communication nodes in the communication system, the optical fiber can be inserted and pulled out in the adjustment distribution frame by manual or mechanical arm control to adjust The connection relationship between each input port I2 and each output port O2 in the distribution frame.
  • each optical switch in the optical switch network 103 includes: a chassis and multiple optical switches, and the optical switch network 103 may be a network formed by connecting multiple chassis.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a chassis provided in an embodiment of the present application and a plurality of optical switches inside it.
  • the shelf has multiple input ports I2 and multiple output ports O2, and each input port I2 of the shelf is connected to each output port O2 of the shelf through one or more optical switches.
  • the optical switch may be MEMS, which can adjust the optical path direction of the optical signal input from the input port I2 of the chassis.
  • Each input port I2 of the subrack is configured to be connected to a transmitter or output port O2 of another subrack, and each output port O2 of the subrack is configured to be connected to a receiver or input port I2 of another subrack.
  • the two chassis can be connected through optical fibers.
  • the MEMS between an input port I2 and an output port O2 of the chassis is at least part of an optical path. It should be noted that the connection between the input port I2 of the frame and the MEMS can be through an optical fiber, and the connection between the output port O2 of the frame and the MEMS can also be through an optical fiber.
  • the optical paths in the optical switch network 103 include MEMS arranged in the chassis. Therefore, when the optical path is configured inside the optical switch network 103 to adjust the communication relationship between the various communication nodes in the communication system, the MEMS in the optical switch network 103 can be controlled to adjust the input port I2 in the machine frame. The optical path direction of the optical signal, and then adjust the connection relationship between each input port I2 and each output port O2 in the chassis. Since each MEMS in the optical switch network 103 can quickly adjust the direction of the optical path in the chassis, it can effectively simplify the complexity of configuring the optical path in the optical switch network 103 and improve the efficiency of configuring the optical path.
  • each input port I2 of the optical switch network 103 is only connected to an output port O2 through an optical fiber and MEMS, therefore, there are fewer optical devices in the optical switch network 103, The insertion loss caused by optical signal transmission is less, which effectively improves the quality of signal transmission.
  • the optical path configured inside the optical switch network 103 may correspond to the wavelength of the optical signal emitted by the transmitter.
  • the optical path configured inside the optical switch network 103 may correspond to the input port that receives the optical signal.
  • the first optional implementation can also be combined with the second optional implementation, that is, the optical path configured inside the optical switch network 103 can pass through the transmitter The emitted wavelength is identified by the input port of the optical switch network. In this way, after the transmitter transmits optical signals of different wavelengths to different input ports in the optical switch network 103, the optical switch network 103 can transmit them through different optical paths.
  • each transmitter 101 in the communication system 10 may store a pre-configured routing table. Multiple optical paths inside the optical switch network 103 in the communication system 10 are configured based on routing tables.
  • Each receiver 102 in the communication system 10 may or may not store a routing table. For example, when each receiver 102 is only connected to one destination communication node 105, there is no need to store a routing table in the receiver 102, and after the receiver 102 receives the optical signal and converts it into a second electrical signal, it is directly sent to Destination communication node 105 .
  • a routing table may be stored in the receiver 102, and after the receiver 102 receives an optical signal and converts it into a second electrical signal, the receiving The machine 102 may query the routing table to determine the destination communication node receiving the second electrical signal, and then send the electrical signal to the found destination communication node.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 10 may further include: a centralized controller 110 .
  • the centralized controller 110 may be integrated in a server.
  • the centralized controller 110 is configured to: generate a routing table for recording the optical path from the source communication node 104 to the destination communication node 105 based on the communication relationship between the multiple source communication nodes 104 and the multiple destination communication nodes 105 .
  • the centralized controller 110 may acquire the communication relationships between the multiple source communication nodes 104 and the multiple destination communication nodes 105 according to the pre-acquired collective communication library.
  • the collective communication library is used to store the communication algorithm set.
  • the communication algorithm set may include: a Ring (Ring) communication algorithm or a half/doubling (Half/Doubling) communication algorithm.
  • FIG. 14 is a relationship diagram of communication between communication nodes provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication node P0 communicates with the communication node P1
  • the communication node P2 communicates with the communication node P3,
  • the communication node P4 communicates with the communication node P5,
  • the communication node P6 communicates with the communication node P7 .
  • the communication node P0 communicates with the communication node P2
  • the communication node P1 communicates with the communication node P3
  • the communication node P4 communicates with the communication node P6, and the communication node P5 communicates with the communication node P7.
  • the communication node P0 communicates with the communication node P4, the communication node P1 communicates with the communication node P5, the communication node P2 communicates with the communication node P6, and the communication node P3 communicates with the communication node P7.
  • the communication node P0 sends data information to the communication node P1
  • the communication node P0 is the source communication node
  • the communication node P1 is the destination communication node. If the communication node P1 sends data information to the communication node P0, the communication node P1 is the source communication node, and the communication node P0 is the destination communication node.
  • a routing table is generated. For part of the content in the generated routing table, refer to Table 5 or Table 10 above.
  • the centralized controller 110 can also send the generated routing table to each transmitter, and the centralized controller 110 can control the optical switch network 103 According to the routing table, the optical paths in the optical switch network 10 are established. It should be noted that, for the manner in which the optical switch network 10 establishes the optical path, reference may be made to the relevant content of configuring the optical path in the optical switch network 103 in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated herein.
  • the communication system 10 may further include: an electrical switch network 111 .
  • the electrical switch network 111 may include multiple electrical switches 1111 .
  • Each transmitter 101 and each receiver in the communication system 10 may also be connected to an electrical switch network 111 .
  • the centralized controller 110 After the centralized controller 110 generates the routing table, it can send the routing table 111 to each transmitter 101 through the electrical switch network 111 , and can also send it to each receiver 102 .
  • routing table when the routing table is sent to each transmitter 101 through the electrical switch network 111, the content of the routing table received by each transmitter 101 or each receiver 102 may be the same or different.
  • the specific information contained in the routing table reference may be made to the corresponding content in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated in this application.
  • each transmitter 101 and each receiver 102 are connected to the electrical switch network 111 .
  • the first transmitter may send control information over the electrical switch network 111 .
  • the first source communication node communicates with the first destination communication node to perform a handshake. Handshake related control information.
  • the transmission of data information is performed through the optical switch network 101. Since the optical switch network 101 does not need to perform photoelectric conversion, it is guaranteed that the transmission between the sending end and the receiving end
  • the communication delay of data information transmission is low, usually less than 10 nanoseconds.
  • the transmission of control information is carried out through the electrical switch network 111. Since the electrical switch network 111 does not need to transmit data information, its structure can be simplified compared with the structure of the traditional electrical switch network to ensure the transmission of control information between the sending end and the receiving end. The communication delay is low.
  • the distribution architecture of the multiple optical switches in the optical switch network 103 may be the same as the distribution architecture of the multiple electrical switches 1111 in the electrical switch network 111 .
  • their distribution architectures may all be fat tree structures (FatTree).
  • the fat tree structure is a rearrangeable non-blocking network structure for connecting multiple switches, which is a deformed structure of the tree structure.
  • the optical communication system includes both an optical switch network and an electrical switch network as an example for description.
  • the optical switch network is used to transmit data information
  • the electrical switch network is used to transmit control information, so that on the one hand, the backward compatibility of the optical communication system is realized, and on the other hand, the transmission efficiency of data information and control information is effectively improved.
  • the optical communication system may only include an optical switch network.
  • the optical switch network is used to transmit both data information and control information, and the first electrical signal received by the aforementioned transmitter can carry both data information or control information.
  • each transmitter and each receiver are connected to an input port of a switch through an optical fiber, so the transmission bandwidth of each transmitter and each receiver is limited.
  • each transmitter 101 and each receiver 102 may be connected to an input port of the optical switch network 103 through an optical fiber.
  • the one optical fiber may include at least two fibers, and each optical fiber in the one optical fiber can transmit an optical signal with a certain bandwidth. In this way, the transmission bandwidth of the transmitter is larger, which effectively improves the transmission efficiency of the optical signal.
  • the number of optical fibers in one optical fiber connected to it can be adjusted according to the transmission bandwidth requirements of the transmitter and/or receiver, so as to improve the communication flexibility between communication nodes and realize the The quantity is adjustable.
  • the staff can also continue to increase the number of optical fibers connected to the transmitter and/or receiver according to changes in the communication environment or communication requirements, so as to ensure that the bandwidth meets the demand, realize dynamic expansion, and improve communication node communication flexibility.
  • the communication system can realize point-to-point transmission between the source communication node and the destination communication node through the configuration of the optical path, and a pair of source communication node and destination communication node can correspond to a dedicated optical path , so as to ensure that the communication between two communication nodes will not be interfered by other communication nodes, so as to avoid the problem of blocking of optical signals transmitted in the optical switch network.
  • the communication system can support time division multiple access (Time Division multiple access, TDMA) technology, code division multiple access (Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA) technology or frequency division multiple access (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA) technology for communication, as long as the transmitter and receiver meet the bandwidth required by the aforementioned technology.
  • TDMA Time Division multiple access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • a switch network selects a communication path, and the switch network also performs at least one photoelectric conversion and at least one electro-optical conversion. For this reason, the switch network performs many processing actions, and when performing path selection, it uses a load balancing algorithm to avoid excessive processing pressure on each switch in the switch network.
  • the execution of the load balancing algorithm further affects the signal transmission delay of the switch network, resulting in poor signal transmission effect of the switch network.
  • the optical switch network does not need to select a communication path, and it only needs to transmit optical signals through a pre-configured optical path. In this way, the optical switch network does not need to perform load balancing, which reduces signal transmission accordingly. The time delay makes the signal transmission effect of the switch network better.
  • the communication system 10 may be a data center network.
  • a data center network is used to perform a computing task (for example, a face recognition task, a language recognition task, etc.)
  • the communication relationship between each communication node can be obtained first, and a routing table can be generated based on the relationship. After that, send the routing table to each transmitter, and control the optical switch network to establish an optical path.
  • each source communication node can transmit the data information to the corresponding destination communication node through the transmitter, the optical switch network and the receiver.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the transmitter 20 can be applied in the aforementioned communication system 10 .
  • the transmitter 20 may include: a network card 201, and an optical module 202 connected to the network card 201.
  • the transmitter 20 is taken as the first transmitter in the above embodiment as an example for schematic illustration.
  • the network card 201 is used to determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node.
  • the optical module 202 is configured to send the target optical signal to the optical switch network according to the target optical path, so that the optical switch network sends the target optical signal to the first receiver connected to the first destination communication node according to the target optical path, and the target The optical signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node.
  • the network card 201 may store a routing table, which is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node, and the specific content of the records may refer to Table 1 to Table 10 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the network card 201 is configured to determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node based on the routing table.
  • the network card 201 can receive the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node, and process the first electrical signal (for example, convert the digital signal into an analog signal).
  • the optical module 202 can convert the first electrical signal processed by the network card 201 into a target optical signal.
  • the routing table is used to record the corresponding relationship between the destination communication node and the wavelength.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths that correspond one-to-one to the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by the transmitter, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the network card 201 is configured to determine the target wavelength based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • the transmitter is connected to a light source pool, and the light source pool is used to provide optical signals of different wavelengths to the transmitter.
  • the network card 201 is used to select an optical signal of a target wavelength from the optical signals provided by the light source pool.
  • the light source pool can also be integrated in the transmitter.
  • the transmitter has a tunable laser.
  • the tunable laser can be packaged in the optical module 202 .
  • the network card 201 is used to control the tunable laser to send out the optical signal of the target wavelength.
  • the optical module 202 is configured to modulate an optical signal of a target wavelength to obtain a target optical signal based on the received first electrical signal.
  • the transmitter may also include a modulator.
  • the modulator may be packaged in optical module 202 .
  • the optical module 202 is configured to, based on the received first signal, modulate an optical signal of a target wavelength through a modulator to obtain a target optical signal.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths corresponding to different input ports one by one, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the network card 201 is configured to determine the target input port based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • the optical module 202 is configured to send the target optical signal to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node carries data information
  • the optical module 202 is further configured to: send control information through an electrical switch network.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication method can be applied to the communication systems shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , and FIG. 8 to FIG. 13 .
  • the communication methods disclosed in the following embodiments are all schematically illustrated by using the communication from the first transmitter to the first receiver. As shown in Figure 16, the method includes:
  • the first transmitter determines a target optical path from a first source communication node to a first destination communication node, and sends a target optical signal to an optical switch network according to the target optical path.
  • the first source communication node is connected to the first transmitter.
  • the target optical signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node, and the first electrical signal may carry data information.
  • the optical switch network includes one or more optical switches, and multiple optical paths are configured in the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter may determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node based on a routing table, where the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node. It should be noted that there are also multiple manners for recording the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node in the routing table.
  • the embodiment of this application takes the following two aspects as examples for schematic illustration:
  • the routing table is used to record the corresponding relationship between the target communication node and the wavelength.
  • the corresponding relationship recorded in the routing table reference may be made to Tables 1 to 5 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the first transmitter can acquire the target optical signal through the following steps.
  • the first transmitter determines the target wavelength based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • step C1 reference may be made to step A1 in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not repeated in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first transmitter Based on the received first electrical signal, the first transmitter modulates the optical signal of the target wavelength to obtain the target optical signal.
  • the first transmitter may acquire the optical signal of the target wavelength.
  • the first transmitter may select an optical signal of a target wavelength from a pool of light sources.
  • the first transmitter may send an optical signal of a target wavelength through a tunable laser.
  • the routing table is used to record the corresponding relationship between the target communication node and the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the first transmitter can transmit the target optical signal through the following steps:
  • Step D1 the first transmitter determines the target input port based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • Step D2 After the first transmitter converts the received first electrical signal into a target optical signal, the target optical signal is sent to a target input port of the optical switch network.
  • step D1 reference may be made to step B1 in the foregoing embodiments
  • step D2 reference may be made to step B2 in the foregoing embodiments, and details will not be repeated here in this embodiment of the present application.
  • step D1 reference may be made to step B1 in the foregoing embodiments
  • step D2 reference may be made to step B2 in the foregoing embodiments, and details will not be repeated here in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the specific process and related principles of the first transmitter transmitting optical signals to different input ports of the optical switch network reference may be made to corresponding parts in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the process of the first transmitter transmitting the target optical signal to the optical switch network may include:
  • the first transmitter slices the data information in the first electrical signal to obtain multiple data slices, and then generates one sub-optical signal based on each data slice, so as to obtain multiple sub-optical signals corresponding to multiple optical fibers one-to-one.
  • the target optical signal includes the multiple sub-optical signals.
  • the first transmitter transmits multiple sub-optical signals to the optical switch network through multiple optical fibers, so that each optical fiber can transmit a corresponding sub-optical signal. In this way, the transmission bandwidth of the target optical signal between the first transmitter and the optical switch network is relatively large, effectively improving the transmission efficiency of the target optical signal.
  • the optical switch network sends the target optical signal to the first receiver connected to the first destination communication node according to the target optical path.
  • the optical paths configured in the optical switch network are also different.
  • the embodiment of this application takes the following two aspects as examples for schematic illustration:
  • the routing table when used to record the corresponding relationship between the target communication node and the wavelength, different optical paths corresponding to the different wavelengths emitted by the first transmitter can be configured in the optical switch network, and each optical path corresponds to a purpose communication node.
  • each optical path corresponds to a purpose communication node.
  • the optical switch network can transmit the target optical signal through the target optical path corresponding to the target wavelength of the target optical signal, so as to The target optical signal is sent to the first receiver.
  • the routing table when used to record the corresponding relationship between the target communication node and the input port of the optical switch network, different optical paths corresponding to different input ports of the optical switch network can be configured in the optical switch network, each optical path Corresponding to a destination communication node.
  • each optical path Corresponding to a destination communication node.
  • the optical switch network can transmit the target optical signal through the optical path corresponding to the target input port, so as to The target optical signal is sent to the first receiver.
  • the first receiver receives the target optical signal, converts the target optical signal into a second electrical signal, and sends it to the first destination communication node.
  • the first receiver when the first receiver is only connected to one destination communication node, after the first receiver receives the target optical signal and converts it into a second electrical signal, it is directly sent to the first destination communication node connected thereto.
  • a routing table can be stored in the first receiver, and after the first receiver receives the target optical signal and converts it into a second electrical signal, the first receiver The routing table may be queried to determine the first destination communication node receiving the first electrical signal, and then the first electrical signal is sent to the queried first destination communication node.
  • the communication method may further include: communication relationship, generate the routing table.
  • the communication method may further include: after the centralized controller generates the routing table, the centralized controller may establish multiple optical paths of the optical switch network based on the routing. Moreover, the centralized controller may also send the routing table to the first transmitter through the electrical switch network, and the first transmitter may store the routing table.
  • the communication method may further include: first transmitting and sending the control information through the electrical switch network.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This communication method can be applied to a transmitter as shown in FIG. 14 . As shown in Figure 17, the method includes:
  • S402. Send the target optical signal to the optical switch network according to the target optical path, so that the optical switch network sends the target optical signal to the first receiver connected to the first destination communication node according to the target optical path, and the target optical signal The signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node.
  • the first transmitter after the first transmitter converts the first electrical signal sent by the first communication node into the target optical signal, the first transmitter can configure multiple optical paths in the optical switch network Determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node.
  • the optical switch network After the optical switch network receives the target optical signal sent by the first transmitter, the optical switch can directly send the target optical signal to the first receiver according to the target optical path, so that the first receiver converts the target optical signal
  • the second electrical signal is sent to the first destination node. In this way, when the first source node communicates with the first destination node, there is no need to perform photoelectric conversion in the optical switch network, which effectively reduces the communication delay between various communication nodes.
  • Fig. 18 is a structural block diagram of a transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the transmitter 50 includes: a path determining module 501, configured to determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node.
  • the optical signal sending module 502 is configured to send the target optical signal to the optical switch network according to the target optical path, and the target optical signal is converted from the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node.
  • the path determining module 502 is configured to: determine a target optical path from the first source communication node to the first destination communication node based on a routing table, and the routing table is used to record the optical path from the source communication node to the destination communication node.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the wavelength.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths that correspond one-to-one to the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted by the transmitter, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the transmitter also includes: a wavelength determining module, configured to determine the target wavelength based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • the optical signal generating module is configured to modulate the optical signal of the target wavelength to obtain the target optical signal based on the first electrical signal.
  • the transmitter is connected to a light source pool, and the light source pool is used to provide optical signals of different wavelengths.
  • the transmitter also includes: a wavelength selection module for selecting an optical signal of a target wavelength from the optical signals provided by the light source pool.
  • the transmitter has a tunable laser.
  • the transmitter also includes: a wavelength selection module, which is used to send out an optical signal of a target wavelength through a tunable laser.
  • the routing table is used to record the correspondence between the destination communication node and the input port of the optical switch network.
  • the optical switch network is configured with different optical paths corresponding to different input ports one by one, and each optical path corresponds to a destination communication node.
  • the transmitter also includes: a port determination module, configured to determine the target input port based on the first destination communication node and the routing table.
  • the optical signal transmitting module is used to send the target optical signal to the target input port of the optical switch network.
  • the first electrical signal sent by the first source communication node carries data information
  • the transmitter further includes: a control information sending module, configured to send the control information through the electrical switch.
  • the communication system, transmitter, and communication method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process thereof is detailed in the method embodiments.
  • Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps for implementing the above embodiments can be completed by hardware, and can also be completed by instructing related hardware through a program.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
  • the terms "first" and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • the term "a positive integer greater than 1" means at least two.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种通信系统、发射机及通信方法。该通信系统包括：M个发射机、N个接收机和光交换机网络。N和M均为大于1的正整数。该光交换机网络包括一个或多个光交换机，该光交换机网络中被配置有多条光路径。当发射机与接收机通信时，该发射机能够在多条光路径中确定一条源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径。这样，在光交换机网络接收到发射机发送的目标光信号后，光交换机可以将目标光信号按照目标光路径直接发送给接收机。如此，无需在光交换机网络中进行光电转换，有效的降低了各个通信节点之间的通信时延。

Description

通信系统、发射机及通信方法
本申请要求于2021年6月21日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号202110685723.X、申请名称为“通信系统、发射机及通信方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种通信系统、发射机及通信方法。
背景技术
目前的通信系统包括多个通信节点以及多级交换机。任意两个通信节点间进行通信时，源通信节点所发送的数据都通过至少一个交换机来传输至目的通信节点。
其中，若通信节点与交换机通过光纤连接，源通信节点发送的携带数据的光信号在每经过一个交换机时，该交换机可以先对接收的光信号进行一次光电转换，将该光信号转换成电信号，再通过一次电光转换将电信号转换成光信号发出。如此，造成各个通信节点之间的较大的通信时延。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种通信系统、发射机及通信方法。能够降低通信系统中的通信时延。所述技术方案如下：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种通信系统，示例地，该通信系统为数据中心网络。该通信系统包括：M个发射机、N个接收机和光交换机网络。N和M均为大于1的正整数。该光交换机网络包括一个或多个光交换机，该光交换机网络中被配置有多条光路径。
假设，第一发射机为M个发射机中的任意一个发射机，第一接收机为N个接收机中与第一发射机通信的接收机，第一发射机与第一源通信节点与连接，第一接收机与第一目的通信节点连接。则，该第一发射机用于确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，并按照该目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号。该目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到，该第一电信号可以携带有数据信息。该光交换机网络用于按照目标光路径将目标光信号发送至第一接收机。该第一接收机用于接收目标光信号，并将该目标光信号转换为第二电信号后发送至第一目的通信节点。
本申请实施例提供的通信系统中，光交换机网络中配置了多条光路径。第一发射机在将第一通信节点发送的第一电信号转换为目标光信号后，该第一发射机能够在多条光路径中确定一条第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。这样，在光交换机网络接收到第一发射机发送的目标光信号后，光交换机可以将该目标光信号按照目标光路径直接发送给第一接收机，以使第一接收机将目标光信号转换为第二电信号发送给第一目的节点。如此，在第一源节点与第一目的节点进行通信时，无需在光交换机网络中进行光电转换，有效的降低 了各个通信节点之间的通信时延。并且，第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径由第一发射机确定，无需光交换机网络选择通信路径，进一步减少了光信号在光交换机网络中的传输时延。
示例地，该第一发射机，用于基于路由表确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，该路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。其中，路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径的方式有多种。下面将以两种可选的实现方式为例进行示意性的说明：
在第一种可选的实现方式中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与第一发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。如此，通过波长和目的通信节点对应，保证第一发射机在发射不同的波长的光信号后，不同波长的光信号能够在光交换机网络中的不同光路径中进行传输，以通过不同的接收机传输至相应的目的通信节点。
在这种情况下，该第一发射还用于：在第一发射机接收到第一目的通信节点发送的携带数据信息的第一电信号后，基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标波长，并基于接收到的第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号进行调制得到目标光信号。
并且，该通信系统中的每个发射机可以通过一路光纤与交换机网络的一个输入端口连接，每个接收机可以通过一路光纤与交换机网络的一个输出端口连接。当该一路光纤包括一根光纤时，该通信系统中使用的光纤的条数较少，有效的降低了该通信系统的制造成本。
可选地，在第一发射机还用于：在确定出目标波长后，获取该目标波长的光信号。以下将以下两种获取方式进行示意性的说明：
第一种获取方式，该通信系统还包括：光源池，该光源池可以包括一个或多个光源，该光源池用于提供不同波长的光信号。这样，第一发射机能够在该光源池提供的光信号中选择目标波长的光信号。示例地，该光源池的个数也可与为M个，且M个光源池与M个发射机一一对应连接，每个光源池用于向对应的发射机提供不同波长的光信号。当然，通信系统中的M个发射机也可以共用一个光源池，这样可以降低通信系统的制成成本。
第二种获取方式，该第一发射机包括可调激光器，该可调激光器能够发出不同波长的光信号。这样，该第一发射机能够通过可调激光器发出目标波长的光信号。示例地，该可调激光器可以封装在第一发射机中，例如，其可以封装在第一发射机的光模块中。该第一发射机可以直接提供目标波长的光信号，无需其他的部件进行相关调控，提高了发射机向光交换机网络发射光信号的效率。
在本申请实施例中，光交换机网络的结构有多种可实现方式，本申请实施例以以下两种可实现方式为例进行示意性的说明：
第一种可实现方式，光交换机网络中的每个光交换机可以包括：波长选择开关(Wavelength Selective Switch，WSS)。
第二种可实现方式，光交换机网络中的每个光交换机可以包括：光调节单元，该光调节单元包括：阵列波导光栅(Arrayed Waveguide Grating，AWG)和多个光开关。该光调节单元能够实现与前述WSS相同的功能。这里，每个光开关用于调节AWG输出的每路光信号的光路方向。例如，该光开光可以为微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System，MEMS)。
当光交换机网络内部配置光路径，以配置通信系统中的各个通信节点之间的通信关系时，可以对WSS或光调节单元的MEMS进行控制，以调整光交换机网络内部的连接关系。无需操作人员手动进行光路径配置，提高配置光路径的效率。
在第二种可选的实现方式中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。如此，通过光交换机网络的输入端口和目的通信节点对应，保证第一发射机在向不同的输入端口发射光信号后，光交换机网络从不同的输入端口接收到的光信号能够在不同光路径中进行传输，以通过不同的接收机传输至不同的目的通信节点。
在这种情况下，该第一发射还用于：在第一发射机接收到第一目的通信节点发送的携带数据信息的第一电信号后，基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标输入端口，并将接收到的第一电信号转换为目标光信号后，将该目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。
发射机向光交换机网络中的不同输入端口发射光信号的方式有多种，以下将以下两种信号发射方式进行示意性的说明：
第一种信号发射方式，该通信系统还包括：多选一光开关。该多选一光开关具有一个输入端口和多个输出端口，该多选一光开关用于在多个输出端口中选择一个输出端口进行光信号的输出。第一发射机的输出端口可以与多选一光开关的输入端口连接，且该多选一光开关的每个输出端口与光交换机网络的一个输入端口连接。这样，第一发射机能够控制多选一光开关选择与目标输入端口连接的输出端口来输出目标光信号，以使目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。示例地，该多选一光开关可以为马赫-泽恩德干涉仪(Mach-Zehnder interferometer，MZI)矩阵。该MZI矩阵可以包括：多个MZI光开关。
第二种信号发射方式，该通信系统还包括：分路器和多个能量调节器。该多个能量调节器分别与光交换机网络的多个输入端口连接。该分路器用于：将第一发射机输入的光信号分为多路光信号，并将该多路光信号分别发送至多个能量调节器。该能量调节器用于：调节分路器发送的光信号的能量。这样，第一发射机能够通过对该多个能量调节器进行控制，以使目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。示例地，该能量调节器可以包括：光放大器(optical amplifiers，OA)和/或可调光衰减器(variable optical attenuator，VOA)。例如，OA可以为半导体光放大器(semiconductor optical amplifiers，SOA)
根据上述两种信号发射方式可知，第一发射机在确定出目标输入端口后，该第一发射机无需发射指定波长的光信号，仅通过光开关(例如，MZI光开关或能量调节器)的快速调整，以向该目标输入端口发射光信号即可。如此，由于第一发射机对光开关的控制效率，远高于第一发射机发射指定波长的调整效率。因此，第一发射机通过向光交换机网络的目标端口发射目标光信号的效率较高，传输时延较小。
在本申请实施例中，光交换机网络的结构有多种可实现方式，本申请实施例以以下两种可实现方式为例进行示意性的说明：
第一种可实现方式，光交换机网络中的每个光交换机可以包括：配线架，该配线架具有多个输入端口和多个输出端口。该配线架的每个输入端口到配线架的每个输出端口之间通过光纤连接。
第二种可实现方式，光交换机网络中的每个光交换机可以包括：机框和多个光开关。该机框具有多个输入端口和多个输出端口，该机框的每个输入端口到机框的每个输出端口之间通过一个或多个光开关连接。例如，该光开光可以为MEMS，其能够调节机框的输入端口输入的光信号的光路方向。
在这两种可实现方式中，光交换机网络每个输入端口仅通过光纤和MEMS与一个输出端口连接，因此，光交换机网络中的光器件较少，光信号传输时带来的插损较少，有效的提高了信号传输的质量。
可选地，通信系统还包括：多个源通信节点、多个目的通信节点和集中控制器。其中，集中控制器用于基于该多个源通信节点和多个目的通信节点之间的通信关系，生成该路由表。示例地，该集中控制器可以根据预先获取到的集合通信库，获取多个源通信节点和多个目的通信节点之间的通信关系。
在本申请实施例中，在集中控制器生成路由表后，该集中控制器还可以将其生成的路由表下发至各个发射机中，且该集中控制器可以控制光交换机网络根据路由表，建立光交换机网络中的光路径。示例地，该通信系统还包括：电交换机网络。该电交换机网络中可以包括多个电交换机。通信系统中的各个发射机和各个接收机均还可以与电交换机网络连接。集中控制器在生成路由表后，可以将该路由表通过电交换机网络发送至各个发射机中。
在本申请实施例中，由于各个发射机和各个接收机均与电交换机网络连接。因此，第一发射机可以通过电交换机网络发送控制信息。对于第一源通信节点与第一目的通信节点：通过光交换机网络进行数据信息的传输，由于光交换机网络无需进行光电转换，因此保证发端和收端之间进行数据信息传输的通信时延较低，通常小于10纳秒。通过电交换机网络进行控制信息的传输，由于电交换机网络无需传输数据信息，因此，其结构可以相较于传统的电交换机网络的结构进行简化，保证发端和收端之间进行控制信息传输的通信时延较低。
可选地，每个发射机与每个接收机均可以通过一路光纤与光交换机网络的一个输入端口连接。该一路光纤可以包含两根或两根以上的光纤，且一路光纤中的每条根光纤均能够传输一定带宽的光信号。这样，发射机与光交换机网络之间的光信号传输的带宽较大，有效的提高了光信号的传输效率。
在本申请实施例中，通信系统中的各个发射机和各个接收机均包括：网卡以及与该网卡连接的光模块。发射机可以通过网卡进行电信号的预处理(例如将数字信号转为模拟信号)，通过光模块将电信号转换为光信号。接收机可以通过光模块将光信号转换为电信号，通过网卡进行电信号的处理(例如将模拟信号转为数字信号)。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种发射机，例如，该发射机可以为前述第一发射机。该发射机可以包括：网卡，用于确定该第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。光模块，用于按照该目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，以使该光交换机网络按照该目标光路径将该目标光信号发送至与该第一目的通信节点连接的第一接收机，该目标光信号由该第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到。
可选地，该网卡，用于：基于路由表确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，该路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。
在一种可选示例中，该路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系。该光交换机网 络中被配置有与该第一发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条该光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该网卡，用于：基于该第一目的通信节点以及该路由表，确定目标波长。该光模块，用于基于该第一电信号，对该目标波长的光信号进行调制得到该目标光信号。
在另一种可选示例中，该路由表用于记录目的通信节点和该光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。该光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条该光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该网卡，用于：该第一发射机基于该第一目的通信节点以及该路由表，确定目标输入端口。该光模块，用于将目标光信号发送至该光交换机网络的该目标输入端口。
可选地，前述第一电信号携带数据信息，该光模块与电交换机网络连接，则本申请实施例中，该光模块用于通过该电交换机网络发送控制信息。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种通信方法，该通信方法应用于第一方面中的通信系统。该通信方法包括：第一发射机确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，并按照目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号。光交换机网络按照目标光路径将目标光信号发送至与第一目的通信节点连接的第一接收机。第一接收机接收目标光信号，并将目标光信号转换为第二电信号后发送至第一目的通信节点。其中，该第一源通信节点与第一发射机连接。目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到，该第一电信号携带有数据信息。光交换机网络包括一个或多个光交换机，光交换机网络中被配置有多条光路径。
可选地，第一发射机确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，包括：第一发射机基于路由表确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。
第一种可选的实现方式中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与第一发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该通信方法还包括：第一发射机基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标波长。第一发射机基于第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号进行调制得到目标光信号。
第二种可选的实现方式中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该通信方法还包括：第一发射机基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标输入端口。第一发射机将目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。
可选地，该通信方法还包括：集中控制器基于多个源通信节点和多个目的通信节点之间的通信关系，生成路由表。
可选地，该通信方法还包括：集中控制器基于路由表，建立光交换机网络的多条光路径。
可选地，第一发射机与电交换机网络连接，该通信方法还包括：第一发射机通过电交换机网络发送控制信息。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种通信方法，该通信方法应用于第二方面中的发射机。该通信方法包括：确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。按照目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，以使该光交换机网络按照该目标光路径将该目标光信号发送至与该第一目的通信节点连接的第一接收机，该目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信 号转换得到。
可选地，该第一发射机确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径的过程，包括：该第一发射机基于路由表确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，该路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。
在一种可选示例中，该路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系。该光交换机网络中被配置有与该第一发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条该光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该方法还包括：
该第一发射机基于该第一目的通信节点以及该路由表，确定目标波长；该第一发射机基于该第一电信号，对该目标波长的光信号进行调制得到该目标光信号。
在另一种可选示例中，该路由表用于记录目的通信节点和该光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。该光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条该光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该方法还包括：该第一发射机基于该第一目的通信节点以及该路由表，确定目标输入端口。该第一发射机将该目标光信号发送至该光交换机网络的该目标输入端口。
可选地，前述第一电信号携带数据信息，该第一发射机与电交换机网络连接，则本申请实施例中，该第一发射机还可以通过该电交换机网络发送控制信息。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种发射机。该发射机包括：至少一个模块，该至少一个模块可以用于实现上述第四方面或者第四方面的各种可能实现提供的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供的通信系统中，光交换机网络中配置了多条光路径。第一发射机在将第一通信节点发送的第一电信号转换为目标光信号后，该第一发射机能够在多条光路径中确定一条第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。这样，在光交换机网络接收到第一发射机发送的目标光信号后，光交换机可以将该目标光信号按照目标光路径直接发送给第一接收机，以使第一接收机将目标光信号转换为第二电信号发送给第一目的节点。如此，在第一源节点与第一目的节点进行通信时，无需在光交换机网络中进行光电转换，有效的降低了各个通信节点之间的通信时延。并且，第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径由第一发射机确定，无需光交换机网络选择通信路径，进一步减少了光信号在光交换机网络中的传输时延。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统中的光源池与发射机的连接关系示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种发射机的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种WSS的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种光调节单元的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的再一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种第一发射机与光交换机网络连接的示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的另一种第一发射机与光交换机网络连接的示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种配线架的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种机框以及位于其内部的多个光开关的结构示意图；
图13是本申请另一实施例提供的一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种各通信节点之间通信的关系图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种发射机的结构示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图18是本申请实施例提供的一种发射机的结构框图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的原理和技术方案更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
传统的通信系统中，通信节点通过电交换机网络进行通信。每次通信需要经过电交换机网络中的电交换机执行至少一次光电转换和至少一次电光转换，导致各个通信节点之间较大的通信时延。并且，在电交换机网络接收到源通信节点发送的信号后，该电交换机网络还可以选择通信路径，以保证信号发送给目的通信节点。例如，假设源通信节点与目的通信节点之间通过电交换机网络中的至少两个电交换机进行通信。则，该至少两个电交换机分别执行一次通信路径的选择。也即，通信过程中电交换机网络执行至少两次通信路径的选择。进一步的增加了各个通信节点之间的通信延迟。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，该通信系统10可以包括：M个发射机101、N个接收机102和光交换机网络103。示例地，M和N均为正整数，例如，均为大于1的正整数，这里，M与N的取值可以相同，也可以不同。该光交换机网络103可以包括一个或多个光交换机1031。光交换机1031用于光信号的交换(也称方向选择)。与电交换机不同的是，经过该光交换机的光信号无需进行光电转换，也即是光交换机是直接针对光信号的交换机。如此，光交换机网络103能够整网进行光信号的直接传输(即该光交换网络中传输的只有光信号)，该光交换机网络103无需具备光电转换或电光转换功能。其中，该光交换机网络103中被配置有多条光路径，该光路径指的是源通信节点到目的通信节点之间供光信号通过的路径，其也称为光通道。
为了更清楚的解释该通信系统10中的各个部件的通信关系，以下实施例将以第一发射机向第一接收机发送信号为例进行示意性说明。其中，第一发射机为M个发射机101中的任意一个发射机，第一接收机为N个接收机102中与第一发射机通信的接收机。第一源通信节点与第一发射机连接。第一目的通信节点与第一接收机连接。
第一发射机用于确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，并按照该目标光路径向光交换机网络103发送目标光信号。该目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到。例如，该第一电信号可以携带有数据信息或控制信息。光交换机网络103用于按照目标光路径将目标光信号发送至第一接收机。第一接收机用于接收目标光信号，并将该目标光信号转换为第二电信号后发送至第一目的通信节点。需要说明的是，该第一电信号 和第二电信号可以相同也可以不同。例如，第二电信号相对于第一电信号可能存在误码或丢包，从而导致两者不同。
本申请实施例提供的通信系统中，光交换机网络中配置了多条光路径。第一发射机在将第一通信节点发送的第一电信号转换为目标光信号后，该第一发射机能够在多条光路径中确定一条第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。这样，在光交换机网络接收到第一发射机发送的目标光信号后，光交换机可以将该目标光信号按照目标光路径直接发送给第一接收机，以使第一接收机将目标光信号转换为第二电信号来发送给第一目的节点。如此，在第一源节点与第一目的节点进行通信时，无需在光交换机网络中进行光电转换，有效的降低了各个通信节点之间的通信时延。并且，第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径由第一发射机确定，无需光交换机网络选择通信路径，进一步减少了光信号在光交换机网络中的传输时延。再者，相对于传统的通信系统由电交换机网络进行多次通信路径的选择来完成选路，本申请实施例提供的通信系统中仅需第一发射机进行一次通信路径的选择即可完成选路，由于选路时延的降低，从而使得通信系统中的整体传输时延有效降低。
图2是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信系统的结构示意图。如图2所示，该通信系统10还可以包括：多个源通信节点104和多个目的通信节点105。其中，每个发射机101可以与至少一个源通信节点104连接，每个接收机102可以与至少一个目的通信节点105连接。
这里，通信系统10中的每个源通信节点104和每个目的通信节点105可以为：服务器中的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、GPU(Graphics Processing Unit，GPU)或芯片等具有处理功能(如计算功能)的处理单元或存储器等具有存储功能的存储单元。该源通信节点为能够提供电信号的信号源。需要说明的是，至少一个源通信节点104和/或至少一个目的通信节点105可以集成在一台服务器中。还需要说明的是，图2是以每个发射机101与一个源通信节点104连接，每个接收机102与一个目的通信节点105连接为例进行示意性说明，但并不对发射机101与源通信节点104的连接关系，接收机102与目的通信节点105的连接关系进行限定。
在本申请实施例中，通信系统10中的各个发射机101和各个接收机均102均包括：网卡以及与该网卡连接的光模块。发射机101可以通过网卡进行电信号的预处理(例如将数字信号转为模拟信号)，通过光模块将电信号转换为光信号。接收机102可以通过光模块将光信号转换为电信号，通过网卡进行电信号的处理(例如将模拟信号转为数字信号)。
该通信系统10中的各个发射机101均存储有路由表。例如，可以在发射机101的网卡中存储该路由表。该路由表用于记录源通信节点104到目的通信节点105的光路径，通常一个路由表可以记录至少一条光路径。当第一源通信节点1041向第一目的通信节点1051发送携带数据信息的目标光信号时，第一发射机可以基于路由表确定第一源通信节点1041到第一目的通信节点1051的目标光路径，使得交换机网络103在接收到第一发射机发送的目标光信号后，能够按照该目标光路径将目标光信号通过第一接收机发送给第一目的节点1051。
在本申请实施例中，光交换机网络103中配置的光路径可以通过多种方式标识。相应的，路由表中用于记录源通信节点104到目的通信节点105的光路径的方式也有多种。
例如，光交换机网络103中可以被配置有不同的光路径，该不同的光路径与不同发射机的不同波长的光信号一一对应。如此，光路径可以通过发射机所发射的波长来标识，同一发 射机发射的不同波长的光信号通过不同的光路径传输。则光交换机网络103在接收到光信号后，根据该光信号的波长在对应的光路径中进行光信号的传输。在这种情况下，该路由表中可以记录目的通信节点105和波长的对应关系。
又例如，光交换机网络103中可以被配置有不同的光路径，该不同的光路径与光交换机网络的不同输入端口一一对应的光路径。如此，光路径可以通过光交换机网络的输入端口来标识，光交换机网络103中不同的输入端口接收的光信号通过不同的光路径进行传输。则在光交换机网络103中的某个输入端口接收到光信号后，光交换机网络103可以通过与该输入端口对应的光路径中进行光信号的传输。在这种情况下，该路由表中可以记录目的节点105和光交换机网络103的输入端口的对应关系。
结合上述例子，本申请实施例将以以下两种可选的实现方式为例进行示意性的说明，并且为了更清楚的解释该通信系统10中的各个部件通信关系，以下实施例均是以第一发射机向第一接收机发送信号为例进行示意性说明。
在第一种可选的实现方式中，如图3所示，图3是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信系统的结构示意图。当路由表用于记录目的通信节点与波长的对应关系时，光交换机网络103中被配置有与不同发射机101发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径103a(图3中的虚线部分)。每条光路径103a对应一个目的通信节点。如此，通过波长和目的通信节点对应，保证第一发射机在发射不同的波长的光信号后，不同波长的光信号能够在光交换机网络103中的不同光路径中进行传输，以通过不同的接收机102传输至相应的目的通信节点。
示例地，通信系统10中的每个发射机101可以通过一路光纤与交换机网络103的一个输入端口I1连接，每个接收机102可以通过一路光纤与交换机网络103的一个输出端口O1连接。在光交换机网络103中，每个输入端口I1可以通过不同的光路径103a与不同的输出端口O1连接。其中，在光交换机网络103中，与第一发射机连接的输入端口I1在接收到目标光信号后，光交换机网络103能够基于该输入端口I1输入的光信号的波长，在与该波长对应的光路径中传输光信号，使得光信号可以从相应的输出端口O1输出。可选地，前述一路光纤包括一根光纤。
在这种情况下，假设，第一源通信节点向第一目的通信节点发送数据信息。则，在第一发射机接收到第一源通信节点发送的携带该数据信息的第一电信号后，该第一发射机可以执行以下步骤以获取目标光信号：
A1、基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标波长。
本申请实施例中，通信系统中的路由表有多种实现方式。下面以以下两种实现方式为例进行说明：
在第一种实现方式中，通信系统10中的每个发射机101获取的路由表相同，该路由表用于记录发射机的标识、目的通信节点的标识与波长的对应关系。则第一发射机可以基于第一发射机的标识、第一目的通信节点的标识查询路由表，得到对应的目标波长。
在第一种情况中，通信系统中的多个发射机与多个源通信节点一一对应连接，则由一个发射机可以唯一确定其连接的源通信节点。如此，该路由表可以用于记录发射机的标识、目的通信节点的标识与波长的对应关系。例如，该路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表1。
表1
发射机的标识 波长 目的通信节点的标识
M1 λ1 P1
M1 λ2 P2
M2 λ3 P3
以表1中的第一行为例，发射机的标识为M1、目的通信节点的标识为P1对应的波长为λ1。假设发射机M1与源通信节点P0连接，则表示：若源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P1，则发射机M1发射波长为λ1的光信号。
在第二种情况中，通信系统中存在至少一个发射机与多个源通信节点连接，则该路由表可以用于记录发射机的标识、源通信节点的标识、目的通信节点的标识与波长的对应关系。例如，该路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表2。
表2
发射机的标识 波长 源通信节点的标识 目的通信节点的标识
M1 λ1 P0 P1
M1 λ2 P0 P2
M2 λ3 P1 P3
以表2中的第二行为例，发射机的标识为M1、源通信节点的标识为P0、目的通信节点的标识为P2对应的波长为λ2。则表示：若源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P2，则发射机M1发射波长为λ2的光信号。
在第二种实现方式中，通信系统10中的每个发射机101获取的路由表不同，每个发射机101获取的路由表与该发射机对应，每个发射机对应的路由表用于记录目的通信节点的标识与该发射机发射的波长的对应关系。则第一发射机可以先获取该第一发射机对应的路由表，假设该路由表为第一路由表，该第一路由表用于记录目的通信节点的标识与该第一发射机发射的波长的对应关系，再通过第一目的通信节点的标识查询该第一路由表，得到对应的目标波长。
在第一种情况中，通信系统中的多个发射机与多个源通信节点一一对应连接，则由一个发射机可以唯一确定其连接的源通信节点。以第一路由表为例，该第一路由表可以用于记录目的通信节点的标识与波长的对应关系。例如，该第一路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表3。
表3
波长 目的通信节点的标识
λ1 P1
λ2 P2
λ3 P3
以表3中的第一行为例，目的通信节点的标识为P1对应的波长为λ1。假设第一发射机与源通信节点P0连接，则表示：若源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P1，则第一发射机发射波长为λ1的光信号。
在第二种情况中，通信系统中存在至少一个发射机与多个源通信节点连接，则假设第一 发射机与多个源通信节点连接，则第一路由表可以用于记录源通信节点的标识、目的通信节点的标识与波长的对应关系。例如，该第一路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表4。
表4
波长 源通信节点的标识 目的通信节点的标识
λ1 P0 P1
λ2 P0 P2
λ3 P1 P3
以表4中的第二行为例，源通信节点的标识为P0、目的通信节点的标识为P2对应的波长为λ2。则表示：若源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P2，则第一发射机发射波长为λ2的光信号。
前述两种实现方式中，在不同的通信场景下，第一发射机发射的目标波长除了与目的通信节点对应，还可以与其他通信参数存在对应关系。则路由表中，可以记录该其他通信参数、目的通信节点与波长的对应关系。第一发射机通过获取的其他通信参数、第一目的通信节点的标识查询路由表，得到对应的目标波长。
示例地，该其他通信参数为时隙，则以前述第二种实现方式中第二种情况为例，第一路由表中还可以用于记录时隙、源通信节点的标识、目的通信节点的标识与波长的对应关系。例如，该第一路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表5。
表5
时隙 波长 源通信节点的标识 目的通信节点的标识
T1 λ1 P0 P1
T2 λ2 P0 P2
T3 λ3 P0 P3
以表5中的第三行为例，时隙为T3、源通信节点的标识为P0、目的通信节点的标识为P3对应的波长为λ3。则表示：若源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P3，则第一发射机在通信时隙T3发射波长为λ3的光信号。
A2、基于接收到的第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号进行调制得到目标光信号。
示例地，第一发射机可以基于接收到的第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号的强度进行直接调制得到目标光信号。或者，基于接收到的第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号进行相干调制得到目标光信号。示例地，该相干调制为正交相移键控(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying，QPSK)调制。本申请实施例对前述调制方式并不限定。
这样，第一发射机在通过光纤将目标光信号发送给光交换机网络后，该光交换机网络能够通过与该目标波长对应的目标光路径进行目标光信号的传输，以将该目标光信号通过光纤发送给第一接收机。后续，在第一接收机接收到目标光信号后，可以将该目标光信号转换为第二电信号后发送给第一目的通信节点。
在本申请实施例中，发射机获取不同波长的光信号的方式有多种，本申请实施例以以下两种获取方式进行示意性的说明：
第一种获取方式，通信系统10还可以包括：光源池。该光源池可以包括一个或多个光源，该光源池用于提供不同波长的光信号。这样，每个发射机101能够在光源池中选择所需波长 的光信号。例如，第一发射机在基于前述步骤A1确定目标波长后，在光源池106提供的不同波长的光信号中选择目标波长的光信号。
在一种可选示例中，该通信系统包括与M个发射机101一一对应的M个光源池，每个光源池用于向对应的发射机101提供不同波长的光信号。示例地，每个光源池可以与对应的发射机101连接，或者，M个光源池中的部分或全部集成在该发射机101中。
在另一种可选示例中，如图4所示，图4是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统中的光源池与发射机的连接关系示意图。该通信系统10中的M个发射机101可以共用光源池106。由于单个光源池的制造成本较高，且容易损坏。本申请通过共用光源池106，可以实现光源池的集中管理和维护，方便在光源池中的光源出现故障时进行及时地故障诊断，降低光源使用和维护成本，提高光源的安全性和可靠性。并且，光源池106包括的光源可以一体化封装。例如封装成为一个可以发出一路或多路光信号的光芯片或光模块。如此，可以节约制造成本。
前述两种可选示例中，每个光源池可以包括多个光源，每个光源用于提供一种波长的光信号。每个发射机101可以通过与该发射机101对应的光开关和光源池106连接。每个发射机101通过控制对应的光开关可以让光源池106向该发射机101发射所需波长的光信号。需要说明的是，该光开关的种类以及工作原理详见下述实施例中的对应部分，在此不再赘述。
第二种获取方式，如图5所示，图5是本申请实施例提供的一种发射机的结构示意图。通信系统10中的每个发射机101可以包括：可调激光器(tunable Lazer)101a。这样，每个发射机101能够通过可调激光器101a发出的所需波长的光信号。例如，第一发射机在基于前述步骤A1确定目标波长后，能够通过可调激光器101a发出的目标波长的光信号。其中，该可调激光器101a可以为温控激光器，其波长采用调整温度的方式调整。可调激光器101a也可以为电控激光器，其波长采用调整电压的方式调整。可调激光器101a还可以为磁控激光器，其波长采用调整磁力的方式调整。其中，由于温控激光器的结构简单，控制方便，可以普遍应用于发射机中。
示例地，可调激光器101a可以封装在发射机101的光模块中，发射机101可以直接根据自身需求向光交换机网络103发射的光信号的波长，提供相应波长的光信号，无需其他的部件进行相关调控，提高了发射机101向光交换机网络103发射光信号的效率。
在本申请实施例中，光交换机网络103的结构有多种可实现方式，本申请实施例以以下两种可实现方式为例进行示意性的说明：
第一种可实现方式，光交换机网络103中的每个光交换机可以包括：波长选择开关(Wavelength Selective Switch，WSS)。则光交换机网络103可以为由多个WSS连接而成的网络。示例地，如图6所示，图6是本申请实施例提供的一种WSS的结构示意图。WSS具有第一端口a1和多个第二端口。例如，该多个第二端口分别为：第二端口b1、第二端口c1和第二端口d1。WSS的第一端口a1被配置为与一个发射机或其他WSS的第二端口连接，WSS的每个第二端口被配置为与一个接收机或其他WSS的第一端口连接。该WSS的第一端口a1与每个第二端口之间形成光交换机网络103的一条光路径中的至少部分。其中，在第一端口与发射机连接，且第二端口与接收机连接时，前述第一端口是输入端口，第二端口是输出端口。在第二端口与发射机连接，且第一端口与接收机连接时，前述第一端口是输出端口，第二端口是输入端口。假设前述第一端口为输入端口，第二端口是输出端口，在WSS的第一端口a1 接收到一路光信号后，该WSS能够根据接收到的光信号的波长，在WSS的多个第二端口中通过用于传输该波长的光信号的第二端口来输出该光信号。例如，当WSS的第一端口a1接收到的光信号的波长的为λ1时，该WSS通过第二端口b1传输光信号。当WSS的第一端口a1接收到的光信号的波长的为λ2时，该WSS通过第二端口c1传输光信号。当WSS的第一端口a1接收到的光信号的波长的为λ3时，该WSS通过第二端口d1传输光信号。
在本申请实施例中，当光交换机网络103内部配置光路径，以配置通信系统中的各个通信节点之间的通信关系时，可以对光交换机网络103中的WSS进行控制，以调整光交换机网络103内部的连接关系。由于WSS自身具有光路切换功能，因此支持基于波长的毫秒级的快速的连接关系调整，因此能够有效的简化光交换机网络103中配置光路径的复杂度，提高配置光路径的效率。
例如，假设，光交换机网络中存在两个输出端口分别为：输出端口a和输出端口b，输出端口a通过接收机与目的通信节点P1连接，输出端口b通过接收机与目的通信节点P2连接。若在对光交换机网络中的光路径调整之前，波长为λ1的光信号通过WSS的输出端口输出后，该光信号可以通过光交换机网络的输出端口a输出，且从输出端口a输出的光信号可以传输至目的通信节点P1。则，在对光交换机网络中的光路径调整之后，该波长为λ1的光信号通过WSS的输出端口输出后，该光信号可以通过光交换机网络的输出端口b输出，且从输出端口b输出的光信号可以传输至目的通信节点P2。在这种情况下，在对光交换机网络中的光路径进行调整时，无需改变各个发射机和/或接收机与光交换机网络之间的连接关系，仅改变光交换机网络内部配置的光路径即可。如此，本申请实施例提供的通信系统中的各个通信节点之间通信关系可以根据不同的使用场景进行调整，有效的提高了通信系统使用的灵活性。
第二种可实现方式，光交换机网络103中的每个光交换机可以包括：光调节单元，该光调节单元包括：AWG和多个光开关。则光交换机网络103可以为由多个光调节单元连接而成的网络。每个光开关用于调节AWG输出的每路光信号的光路方向。例如，该光开光可以为MEMS。
示例地，如图7所示，图7是本申请实施例提供的一种光调节单元的结构示意图。该光调节单元能够实现与前述WSS相同的功能。光调节单元具有第一端口a2和多个第二端口，例如，该多个第二端口分别为：第二端口b2、第二端口c2和第二端口d2。该光调节单元中的AWG具有第一端口和多个第二端口，AWG的第一端口为光调节单元的第一端口a2，AWG的每个第二端口与一个MEMS的一端连接，MEMS的另一端为光调节单元的一个第二端口。光调节单元的第一端口a2被配置为与一个发射机或其他光调节单元的第二端口连接，光调节单元的每个第二端口被配置为与一个接收机或其他光调节单元的第一端口连接。该光调节单元中的AWG的第一端口与每个MEMS之间形成光交换机网络103的一条光路径中的至少部分。其中，在第一端口与发射机连接，且第二端口与接收机连接时，前述第一端口是输入端口，第二端口是输出端口。在第二端口与发射机连接，且第一端口与接收机连接时，前述第一端口是输出端口，第二端口是输入端口。需要说明的是，MEMS的两端分别与AWG的第二端口以及光调节单元的第二端口连接，MEMS能够建立AWG的第二端口与光调节单元的第二端口之间的光信号的传输通道。在MEMS导通(也称开启)时，该传输通道导通，当MEMS关断时，该传输通道关断。
假设前述第一端口为输入端口，第二端口是输出端口，在光调节单元的第一端口a2接收到一路光信号后，该光调节单元中的AWG能够根据接收到的光信号的波长，在AWG的多个第二端口中选择一个第二端口来输出该光信号，使得光信号能够通过相应的MEMS和光调节单元的第二端口进行输出。例如，当光调节单元的第一端口a2接收到的光信号的波长的为λ1时，光调节单元通过用于传输该波长λ1的光信号的第二端口b2传输光信号，该过程通过与该第二端口b2连接的MEMS导通实现。当光调节单元的第一端口a2接收到的光信号的波长的为λ2时，光调节单元通过用于传输该波长λ2的光信号的第二端口c2传输光信号，该过程通过与该第二端口c2连接的MEMS导通实现。当光调节单元的第一端口a2接收到的光信号的波长的为λ3时，光调节单元通过用于传输该波长λ3的光信号的第二端口d2传输光信号，该过程通过与该第二端口d2连接的MEMS导通实现。
在本申请实施例中，当光交换机网络103内部配置光路径，以配置通信系统中的各个通信节点之间的通信关系时，可以对光交换机网络103中的光调节单元的MEMS进行控制，以调整光调节单元输出的光信号的光路方向，进而调整光交换机网络103内部的连接关系。由于光调节单元中的每个MEMS能够快速的调整AWG输出的一路光信号的光路方向，因此能够有效的简化光交换机网络103中配置光路径的复杂度，提高配置光路径的效率。
在第二种可选的实现方式中，如图8所示，图8是本申请实施例提供的再一种通信系统的结构示意图。当路由表用于记录目的通信节点与光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系时，光交换机网络103中被配置有与不同的输入端口I2一一对应的不同光路径103b(图8中的虚线部分)。每条光路径103b对应一个目的通信节点。如此，通过光交换机网络103的输入端口I2和目的通信节点对应，保证第一发射机在向不同的输入端口I2发射光信号后，光交换机网络103从不同的输入端口I2接收到的光信号能够在不同光路径中进行传输，以通过不同的接收机102传输至不同的目的通信节点。需要说明的是，图8是以光交换机网络103的各个输出端口O2与不同的接收机102连接为例进行示意性说明，在其他可能的实现方式中，光交换机网络103中的两个或两个以上的输出端口O2同时与一个接收机102进行连接。本申请实施例并不对光交换机网络103与接收机102的连接关系进行限定。
假设，第一源通信节点向第一目的通信节点发送数据信息。则，在第一发射机接收到第一源通信节点发送的携带数据信息的第二电信号后，该第一发射机可以执行以下步骤以发射目标光信号：
B1、基于第一目的节点以及路由表，确定目标输入端口。
在本申请实施例中，通信系统中的路由表有多种实现方式。下面以以下两种实现方式为例进行说明：
在第一种实现方式中，通信系统10中的每个发射机101获取的路由表相同，该路由表用于记录发射机的标识、目的通信节点的标识和光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系。则第一发射机可以基于发射机的标识、第一目的通信节点的标识查询路由表，得到对应的目标输出端口。
在第一种情况中，通信系统中的多个发射机与多个源通信节点一一对应连接，则由一个发射机可以唯一确定其连接的源通信节点。如此，该路由表可以用于记录发射机的标识、目的通信节点的标识和光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系。例如，该路由表中记录的 对应关系可以参考下述表6。
表6
发射机的标识 光交换机网络的输入端口的标识 目的通信节点的标识
M1 D1 P1
M1 D2 P2
M2 D3 P3
以表6中的的第一行为例，发射机的标识为M1、目的通信节点的标识为P1对应的光交换机网络的输入端口的标识为D1。假设发射机M1与源通信节点P0连接，则表示：若光信号的源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P1，则发射机M1向光交换机网络的输入端口D1发射光信号。
在第二种情况中，通信系统中存在至少一个发射机与多个源通信节点连接，则该路由表可以用于记录发射机的标识、源通信节点的标识、目的通信节点的标识与光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系。例如，该路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表7。
表7
Figure PCTCN2022079391-appb-000001
以表7中的第二行为例，发射机的标识为M1、源通信节点的标识为P0、目的通信节点的标识为P2对应的光交换机网络的输入端口的标识为D1。则表示：若该光信号的源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P2，则发射机M1向光交换机网络的输入端口D1发射光信号。
在第二种实现方式中，通信系统10中的每个发射机101获取的路由表不同，每个发射机101获取的路由表与该发射机对应，每个发射机对应的路由表用于记录目的通信节点的标识与光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系。则第一发射机可以先获取该第一发射机对应的路由表，假设该路由表为第一路由表，该第一路由表用于记录目的通信节点的标识与光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系，再通过第一目的通信节点的标识查询该第一路由表，得到对应的目标输出端口。
第一种情况中，通信系统中的多个发射机与多个源通信节点一一对应连接，则由一个发射机可以唯一确定其连接的源通信节点。以第一路由表为例，该第一路由表可以用于记录目的通信节点的标识与光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系。例如，该第一路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表8。
表8
光交换机网络的输入端口的标识 目的通信节点的标识
D1 P1
D2 P2
D3 P3
以表8中的第一行为例，目的通信节点的标识为P1对应的光交换机网络的输入端口的标 识为D1。假设第一发射机与源通信节点P0连接，则表示：若信号的源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P1，则第一发射机向光交换机网络的输入端口D1发射光信号。
在第二种情况中，通信系统中存在至少一个发射机与多个源通信节点连接，则假设第一发射机与多个源通信节点连接，则第一路由表可以用于记录源通信节点的标识、目的通信节点的标识与光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系。例如，该第一路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表9。
表9
光交换机网络的输入端口的标识 源通信节点的标识 目的通信节点的标识
D1 P0 P1
D2 P0 P2
D3 P1 P3
以表9中的第二行为例，源通信节点的标识为P0、目的通信节点的标识为P2对应的光交换机网络的输入端口的标识为D2。则表示：若光信号的源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P2，则第一发射机向光交换机网络的输入端口D2发射光信号。
前述两种实现方式中，在不同的通信场景下，光交换机网络的的目标输入端口除了与目的通信节点对应，还可以与其他通信参数存在对应关系。则路由表中，可以记录该其他通信参数、目的通信节点与光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。第一发射机通过获取的其他通信参数、第一目的通信节点的标识查询路由表，得到对应的目标输入端口。
示例地，该其他通信参数为时隙，则以前述第二种实现方式中第二种情况为例，第一路由表中还可以用于记时隙、源通信节点的标识、目的通信节点的标识与光交换机网络的输入端口的标识的对应关系。例如，该第一路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考下述表10。
表10
Figure PCTCN2022079391-appb-000002
以表10中的第三行为例，时隙为T3、源通信节点的标识为P0、目的通信节点的标识为P3对应的光交换机网络的输入端口的标识为D3。则表示：若源通信节点为P0，目的通信节点为P3，则第一发射机在通信时隙T3向光交换机网络的输入端口D3发射光信号。
B2、将接收到的第一电信号转换为目标光信号后，将该目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。
示例地，第一发射机可以基于接收到的第一电信号，对光信号的强度进行直接调制得到目标光信号。或者，基于接收到的第一电信号，对光信号进行相干调制得到目标光信号。示例地，该相干调制为QPSK调制。本申请实施例对前述调制方式并不限定。
这样，在光交换机网络的目标输入端口在接收到第一发射机发射的光信号后，该光交换机网络能够通过与该目标输入端口对应的光路径进行目标光信号的传输，以将该目标光信号通过光纤发送给第一接收机。后续，在第一接收机接收到目标光信号后，可以将该目标光信 号转换为第二电信号后发送给第一目的通信节点。
在本申请实施例中，发射机向光交换机网络中的不同输入端口发射光信号的方式有多种，本申请实施例以以下两种信号发射方式进行示意性的说明：
第一信号发射方式，如图9所示，图9是本申请实施例提供的一种第一发射机与光交换机网络连接的示意图。该通信系统10还可以包括多选一光开关107。该多选一光开关具有一个输入端口和多个输出端口，该多选一光开关107用于在自身的多个输出端口中选择一个输出端口进行光信号的输出。第一发射机的输出端口与多选一光开关107的输入端口连接，该多选一光开关107的每个输出端口与光交换机网络103的一个输入端口I2连接。这样，第一发射机能够控制多选一光开关107选择与目标输入端口连接的输出端口来输出目标光信号，以使该目标光信号发射至光交换机网络103的目标输入端口。
示例地，该多选一光开关107可以为马赫-泽恩德干涉仪(Mach-Zehnder interferometer，MZI)矩阵。该MZI矩阵可以包括：多个MZI光开关，每个MZI光开光具有一个输入端口和两个输出端口。例如，多个MZI光开关分别为：MZI光开关107a、MZI光开关107b和MZI光开关107c。MZI光开关107a的输入端口与第一发射机连接，MZI光开关107a的两个输出端分别与MZI光开关107b的输入端口和MZI光开关107c的输入端连接，MZI光开关107b的两个输出端口和MZI光开关的108c的两个输出端口分别与光交换机网络103的四个输入端口I2连接。第一发射机能够控制多个MZI光开关，使得MZI光开关107a的输入端口输入的目标光信号能从MZI光开关107b和MZI光开关107c中的一个输出端口输出。
第二信号发射方式，如图10所示，图10是本申请实施例提供的另一种第一发射机与光交换机网络连接的示意图。该通信系统10还可以包括：分路器108和多个能量调节器109。分路器108具有输入端口和多个输出端口，分路器108的输入端口可以与第一发射机连接，分路器108的多个输出端口可以分别与能量调节器109连接。该多个能量调节器109分别与光交换机网络103的多个输入端口I2连接。该分路器108用于将第一发射机输入的光信号分为多路光信号，并将该多路光信号分别发送至多个能量调节器109。该多路光信号与分路器108的多个输出端口一一对应，该多路光信号的能量(也称光强)通常相等。每个能量调节器109用于调节分路器108发送的光信号的能量。这样，第一发射机能够通过对多个能量调节器109进行控制，以使目标光信号发送至光交换机网络103的目标输入端口。
其中，第一发射机能够通过对多个能量调节器109进行控制，实现被控制的能量调节器所在光路的光信号的能量的调节，如能量增加或降低，从而使得与光交换机网络103的目标输入端口连接的一路光路导通，且该光路中传输的光信号为目标光信号，其他光路关断，以使目标光信号发送至光交换机网络103的目标输入端口。
例如，该能量调节器109可以包括：光放大器(optical amplifiers，OA)和/或可调光衰减器(Variable Optical Attenuator，VOA)例如，OA可以为半导体光放大器(semiconductor optical amplifiers，SOA)。为此，本申请将以以下三种方式对能量调节器109的工作原理进行示意性的说明：
第一种方式，当通信系统10中的每个能量调节器109均为SOA时，假设分路器108接收到的光信号的光强为3分贝毫瓦(dBm)，分路器108能够将其接收到的光信号的等分为三份光强相同的光信号，并分别传输给三个能量调节器109。也即，各个能量调节器109接收到 的光信号的强度均为1dBm。若仅有强度高于1.5dBm的光信号可以传输至光交换机网络103的输入端口。则，第一发射机可以对该三个能量调节器109进行控制，以使与目标输入端口连接的能量调节器109将其接收到的光信号的强度增强为2dBm，以得到目标光信号。也即是，该目标光信号的光强为2dBm，其能够传输至光交换机网络103的目标输入端口。
第二种方式，当通信系统10中的每个能量调节器109均为VOA时，假设分路器108接收到的光信号的光强为3dBm，分路器108能够将其接收到的光信号的等分为三份光强相同的光信号，并分别传输给三个能量调节器109。也即，各个能量调节器109接收到的光信号的强度均为1dBm。若仅有强度高于0.8dBm的光信号可以传输至光交换机网络103的输入端口。则，第一发射机可以对该三个能量调节器109进行控制，以使未与目标输入端口连接的能量调节器109能够将其接收到的光信号的强度衰减为0dBm。这样，与目标输入端口连接的能量调节器109接收到的光信号即为目标光信号。也即是，该目标光信号的光强为1dBm，其能够传输至光交换机网络103的目标输入端口。
第三种方式，当通信系统10中的每个能量调节器109均包括：VOA和SOA时，假设分路器108接收到的光信号的光强为3dBm，分路器108能够将其接收到的光信号的等分为三份光强相同的光信号，并分别传输给三个能量调节器109。也即，各个能量调节器109接收到的光信号的强度均为1dBm。若仅有强度高于1dBm的光信号可以传输至光交换机网络103的输入端口。则，第一发射机可以对该三个能量调节器109进行控制，以使与目标输入端口连接的能量调节器109能够将其接收到的光信号的强度增强为1.5dBm，且使未与目标输入端口连接的能量调节器109能够将其接收到的光信号的强度衰减为0dBm。这样，与目标输入端口连接的能量调节器109输出的光信号即为目标光信号。也即是，该目标光信号的光强为1.5dBm，其能够传输至光交换机网络103的目标输入端口。
根据上述两种信号发射方式可知，通信系统10中的每个发射机101可以与光交换机网络103中的多个输入端口I2连接，例如，每个发射机101可以通过多路光纤与光交换机网络103中的多个输入端口I2连接。在图8中，通信系统10中的每个接收机102可以与光交换机网络103中的一个输出端口O2连接，例如，每个接收机102可以通过一路光纤与光交换机网络103中的一个输出端口O2连接。示例地，第一发射机在确定出目标输入端口后，该第一发射机无需发射指定波长的光信号，仅通过光开关(例如，MZI光开关或能量调节器)的快速调整，以向与该目标输入端口连接的一路光纤传输光信号即可。如此，由于第一发射机对光开关的控制效率，远高于第一发射机发射指定波长的调整效率。因此，第一发射机通过向光交换机网络103的目标端口发射目标光信号的效率较高，传输时延较小。
在本申请实施例中，光交换机网络103的结构有多种可实现方式，本申请实施例以以下两种可实现方式为例进行示意性的说明：
第一种可实现方式，光交换机网络103中的光交换机包括：配线架，则光交换机网络103可以为由多个配线架连接而成的网络。如图11所示，图11是本申请实施例提供的一种配线架的结构示意图。配线架具有多个输入端口I2和多个输出端口O2。配线架的每个输入端口I2被配置为与一个发射机或其他配线架的输出端口O2连接，配线架的每个输出端口O2被配置为与一个接收机或其他配线架的输入端口I2连接。该配线架的每个输入端口I2到配线架的每个输出端口O2之间通过光纤连接。两个配线架之间也可以通过光纤连接。该配线架的一 个输入端口I2与一个输出端口O2之间的光纤为一个光路径中的至少部分。
在本申请实施例中，由于光交换机网络103内的光路径包括：配线架中布置的光纤，以及两个配线架之间连接的光纤。因此，当光交换机网络103内部配置光路径，以配置通信系统中的各个通信节点之间的通信关系时，可以通过人工手动或机械臂操控的方式在调整配线架中插拔光纤，以调整配线架中的各个输入端口I2与各个输出端口O2之间的连接关系。
第二种可实现方式，光交换机网络103中的每个光交换机包括：机框和多个光开关，则光交换机网络103可以为由多个机框连接而成的网络。如图12所示，图12是本申请实施例提供的一种机框以及位于其内部的多个光开关的结构示意图。该机框具有多个输入端口I2和多个输出端口O2，该机框的每个输入端口I2到机框的每个输出端口O2之间通过一个或多个光开关连接。例如，该光开光可以为MEMS，其能够调节机框的输入端口I2输入的光信号的光路方向。机框的每个输入端口I2被配置为与一个发射机或其他机框的输出端口O2连接，机框的每个输出端口O2被配置为与一个接收机或其他机框的输入端口I2连接。两个机框之间可以通过光纤连接。该机框的一个输入端口I2与一个输出端口O2之间MEMS为一个光路径中的至少部分。需要说明的是，机框的输入端口I2到MEMS之间可以通过光纤连接，机框的输出端口O2到MEMS之间也可以通过光纤连接。
在本申请实施例中，由于光交换机网络103内的光路径包括机框中布置的MEMS。因此，当光交换机网络103内部配置光路径，以调整通信系统中的各个通信节点之间的通信关系时，可以对光交换机网络103中的MEMS进行控制，以调整机框中的输入端口I2输入的光信号的光路方向，进而调整机框中的各个输入端口I2与各个输出端口O2之间的连接关系。由于光交换机网络103中的每个MEMS能够快速的调整机框中的光路方向，因此能够有效的简化光交换机网络103中配置光路径的复杂度，提高配置光路径的效率。
在上述提供的光交换机网络103的两种可实现方式中，光交换机网络103每个输入端口I2仅通过光纤和MEMS与一个输出端口O2连接，因此，光交换机网络103中的光器件较少，光信号传输时带来的插损较少，有效的提高了信号传输的质量。
需要说明的是，在上述第一种可选的实现方式中，光交换机网络103内部配置的光路径可以与发射机所发射的光信号的波长进行对应。在上述第二种可选的实现方式中，光交换机网络103内部配置的光路径可以与其接收到光信号的输入端口对应。在其他的可选的实现方式中，还可以将第一种可选的实现方式与第二种可选的实现方式进行结合，也即是，光交换机网络103内部配置的光路径可以通过发射机发射的波长加光交换机网络的输入端口来标识。这样，发射机向光交换机网络103中的不同输入端口发射不同波长的光信号后，光交换机网络103可以通过不同的光路径传输。
结合上述实施例中，通信系统10中的各个发射机101中可以存储预先配置路由表。通信系统10中的光交换机网络103内部的多条光路径是基于路由表配置的。通信系统10中的各个接收机102中可以存储路由表也可以不存储路由表。例如，当每个接收机102仅与一个目的通信节点105连接时，该接收机102中无需存储路由表，在接收机102接收到光信号且将其转换为第二电信号后，直接发送给目的通信节点105。又例如，当每个接收机102与多个目的通信节点105连接时，该接收机102中可以存储路由表，在接收机102接收到光信号且将其转换为第二电信号后，该接收机102可以查询路由表以确定接收第二电信号的目的通信 节点，再将电信号发送给查询到的目的通信节点。
由上述实施例可知，在通信系统10中的各个通信节点通信之前，该通信系统10可以获取路由表。示例地，如图13所示，图13是本申请另一实施例提供的一种通信系统的结构示意图。该通信系统10还可以包括：集中控制器110。其中，该集中控制器110可以集成在服务器中。该集中控制器110用于：基于多个源通信节点104和多个目的通信节点105之间的通信关系，生成用于记录源通信节点104到目的通信节点105的光路径的路由表。
示例地，该集中控制器110可以根据预先获取到的集合通信库，获取多个源通信节点104和多个目的通信节点105之间的通信关系。其中，集合通信库用于存储通信算法集。例如，该通信算法集可以包括：环(Ring)通信算法或减半或倍增(Half/Doubling)通信算法。
例如，如图14所示，图14是本申请实施例提供的一种各通信节点之间通信的关系图。对于通信节点P0至通信节点P7，在时隙T1时，通信节点P0与通信节点P1通信，通信节点P2与通信节点P3通信，通信节点P4与通信节点P5通信，通信节点P6与通信节点P7通信。在时隙T2时，通信节点P0与通信节点P2通信，通信节点P1与通信节点P3通信，通信节点P4与通信节点P6通信，通信节点P5与通信节点P7通信。在时隙T3时，通信节点P0与通信节点P4通信，通信节点P1与通信节点P5通信，通信节点P2与通信节点P6通信，通信节点P3与通信节点P7通信。需要说明的是，在时隙T1时，对于通信节点P0和通信节点P1，若通信节点P0向通信节点P1发送数据信息，则通信节点P0为源通信节点，通信节点P1为目的通信节点。若通信节点P1向通信节点P0发送数据信息，则通信节点P1为源通信节点，通信节点P0为目的通信节点。其他时隙的通信节点之间的关系同理，在此不做赘述。若集中控制器110通过图14示出的各通信节点之间通信的关系，生成路由表。则其生成的路由表中的部分内容可以参考上述表5或表10。
在本申请实施例中，在集中控制器110生成路由表后，该集中控制器110还可以将其生成的路由表下发至各个发射机中，且该集中控制器110可以控制光交换机网络103根据路由表，建立光交换机网络10中的光路径。需要说明的是，光交换机网络10建立光路径的方式，可以参考前述实施例中的光交换机网络103内部配置光路径的相关内容，本申请在此不再赘述。
如图13所示，该通信系统10还可以包括：电交换机网络111。该电交换机网络111中可以包括多个电交换机1111。通信系统10中的各个发射机101和各个接收机均还可以与电交换机网络111连接。集中控制器110在生成路由表后，可以将该路由表111通过电交换机网络111发送至各个发射机101中，还可以发送至各个接收机102中。
需要说明的是，通过电交换机网络111向各个发射机101发送路由表时，各个发射机101或各个接收机102接收到的路由表的内容可以相同也可以不同。该路由表所包含的具体信息可以参考上述实施例中的对应内容，本申请在此不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，由于各个发射机101和各个接收机102均与电交换机网络111连接。因此，第一发射机可以通过电交换机网络111发送控制信息。例如，在第一源通信节点与第一目的通信节点通信之前，第一源通信节点与第一目的通信节点通信进行握手，在此过程中，可以通过第一发射机向电交换机网络111发送与握手相关的控制信息。在本申请实施例中，对于第一源通信节点与第一目的通信节点：通过光交换机网络101进行数据信息的传输，由 于光交换机网络101无需进行光电转换，因此保证发端和收端之间进行数据信息传输的通信时延较低，通常小于10纳秒。通过电交换机网络111进行控制信息的传输，由于电交换机网络111无需传输数据信息，因此，其结构可以相较于传统的电交换机网络的结构进行简化，保证发端和收端之间进行控制信息传输的通信时延较低。
可选地，光交换机网络103中的多个光交换机的分布架构，可以与电交换机网络111中的多个电交换机1111的分布架构相同。例如，其分布架构可以均为胖树结构(FatTree)。其中，该胖树结构是一种用于连接多个交换机的可重排无阻塞的网络结构，其是树形结构的变形结构。
前述实施例中，以光通信系统既包括光交换机网络以及电交换机网络为例进行说明。该光交换机网络用于传输数据信息，电交换机网络用于传输控制信息，如此一方面实现了该光通信系统的向下兼容，另一方面有效提升了数据信息和控制信息的传输效率。本申请实施例在实际实现时，该光通信系统还可以仅包括光交换机网络。该光交换机网络既用于传输数据信息，又用于传输控制信息，则前述发射机接收的第一电信号既可以携带数据信息或控制信息。
在传统的通信系统中，每个发射机与每个接收机均通过一根光纤与交换机的一个输入端口连接，如此，每个发射机与每个接收机的传输带宽均有限。而在本申请实施例中，每个发射机101与每个接收机102均可以通过一路光纤与光交换机网络103的一个输入端口连接。该一路光纤可以包含至少两条根纤，且一路光纤中的每根光纤均能够传输一定带宽的光信号。这样，发射机的传输带宽较大，有效的提高了光信号的传输效率。
示例地，在通信系统布网时，可以根据发射机和/或接收机的传输带宽需求，调整其连接的一路光纤中的光纤的条数，以提高通信节点之间的通信灵活性，实现光纤数量可调。并且，在通信系统布网后，工作人员也可以根据通信环境或通信需求的变化，继续增加发射机和/或接收机连接的光纤的数量，以保证带宽满足需求，实现动态扩容，提高通信节点之间的通信灵活性。
在一种可选方式中，该通信系统中通过对光路径的配置，能够实现源通信节点和目的通信节点之间的点对点传输，一对源通信节点和目的通信节点可以对应一条专有光路径，如此保证两个通信节点之间的通信，不会被其他通信节点的干扰，避免光交换机网络中传输的光信号堵塞的问题。
值得说明的是，本申请实施例提供的通信系统，可以支持时分多址(Time Division multiple access，TDMA)技术、码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access，CDMA)技术或频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access，FDMA)技术进行通信，只要保证发射机和接收机满足前述技术所需带宽即可。
在传统的通信系统中，交换机网络(即电交换机网络)选择通信路径，且该交换机网络还进行至少一次光电转换和至少一次电光转换。为此，交换机网络所执行的处理动作较多，并且在进行路径选择时，其采用负载均衡算法，以避免交换机网络中各个交换机的处理压力过大。然而，执行负载均衡算法又进一步影响交换机网络的信号传输时延，导致交换机网络的信号传输效果较差。而在本申请实施例中，光交换机网络无需进行通信路径选择，其仅通过预先配置的光路径进行光信号的传输即可，如此，该光交换机网络无需进行负载均衡，相 应地减少了信号传输时延，使得该交换机网络的信号传输效果较好。
结合上述实施例，该通信系统10可以为数据中心网络。在每次采用数据中心网络执行计算任务(例如，人脸识别任务，语言识别任务等)时，可以先获取各个通信节点之间的通信关系，并基于该关系生成路由表。之后，将给路由表下发至每个发射机中，并控制光交换机网络建立光路径。最后，各个源通信节点可以通过发射机、光交换机网络和接收机将数据信息传输给相应的目的通信节点。
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种发射机的结构示意图。该发射机20可以应用于前述通信系统10中。该发射机20可以包括：网卡201，以及与网卡201连接的光模块202。为了便于描述这里是以发射机20为上述实施例中的第一发射机为例进行示意性说明的。
该网卡201用于确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。该光模块202，用于按照目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，以使光交换机网络按照目标光路径将目标光信号发送至与第一目的通信节点连接的第一接收机，该目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到。
示例地，网卡201可以存储路由表，该路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径，其记录的具体内容可以参考前述实施例中的表1至表10。该网卡201用于基于路由表确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。
在本申请实施例中，网卡201能够接收第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号，并对该第一电信号进行处理(例如将数字信号转为模拟信号)。光模块202能够将网卡201处理后的第一电信号转换为目标光信号。
在一种实现方式中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该网卡201，用于基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标波长。
一种情况下，该发射机与光源池连接，光源池用于向发射机提供不同波长的光信号。该网卡201，用于在光源池提供的光信号中选择目标波长的光信号。可选地，光源池还可以集成在发射机中。
另一种情况下，发射机具有可调激光器。可调激光器可以封装在光模块202中。该网卡201，用于控制可调激光器发出目标波长的光信号。
光模块202，用于基于接收到的第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号进行调制得到目标光信号。示例地，发射机还可以包括调制器。调制器可以封装在光模块202中。该光模块202，用于基于接收到的第一信号，通过调制器对目标波长的光信号进行调制得到目标光信号。
在另一种实现方式中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该网卡201，用于基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标输入端口。光模块202，用于将目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。
可选地，第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号携带数据信息，该光模块202还用于：通过电交换机网络发送控制信息。
其中，发射机的工作原理以及相应的效果可以参考前述通信系统中的发射机的工作原理 以及相应的效果，本申请实施例对此不再赘述。
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图。该通信方法可以应用于如图1、图2、图3、图8至图13所示的通信系统。且为了便于描述以下实施例公开的通信方法均是以第一发射机向第一接收机之间的通信进行示意性说明的。如图16所示，该方法包括：
S301、第一发射机确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，并按照该目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号。
这里，第一源通信节点与第一发射机连接。目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到，该第一电信号可以携带数据信息。光交换机网络包括一个或多个光交换机，该光交换机网络中被配置有多条光路径。
在本申请实施例中，第一发射机可以基于路由表确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，该路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。需要说明的是，路由表中用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径的方式也有多种。本申请实施例以以下两个方面为例进行示意性的说明：
第一方面，路由表用于记录目标通信节点和波长的对应关系。其中，该路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考前述实施例中的表1至表5。在这种情况下，该第一发射机可以通过以下步骤以获取目标光信号。
C1、第一发射机基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标波长。
步骤C1可以参考前述实施例中的步骤A1，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
C2、第一发射机基于接收到的第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号进行调制得到目标光信号。
其中，第一发射机获取目标波长的光信号的方式有多种。例如，第一发射机可以在光源池中选择目标波长的光信号。又例如，第一发射机可以通过可调激光器发出的目标波长的光信号。其具体工作流程以及相关原理可以参考前述实施例中的对应部分。步骤C2的其他内容可以参考前述实施例中的步骤A2，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。
第二方面，路由表用于记录目标通信节点和光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。其中，该路由表中记录的对应关系可以参考前述实施例中的表6至表10。在这种情况下，该第一发射机可以通过以下步骤以发射目标光信号：
步骤D1、第一发射机基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标输入端口。
步骤D2、第一发射机将接收到的第一电信号转换为目标光信号后，将该目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。
其中，步骤D1可以参考前述实施例中的步骤B1，步骤D2可以参考前述实施例中的步骤B2，本申请实施例在此不再赘述。且第一发射机向光交换机网络的不同的输入端口发射光信号的具体流程以及相关原理可以参考前述实施例中的对应部分。
可选地，当第一发射机与光交换机网络中的一个输入端口通过一路光纤连接，且该一路光纤包括多根光纤时，第一发射机向光交换机网络发射目标光信号的过程可以包括：
第一发射机对第一电信号中的数据信息进行切片处理得到多个数据切片，再基于每个数据切片生成一路子光信号，以得到与多根光纤一一对应的多路子光信号，该目标光信号包括该多路子光信号。第一发射机通过多根光纤向光交换机网络发射多路多路子光信号，使得每 根光纤可以传输对应的一路子光信号。这样，第一发射机与光交换机网络之间的目标光信号传输的带宽较大，有效的提高了目标光信号的传输效率。
S302、光交换机网络按照目标光路径将目标光信号发送至与第一目的通信节点连接的第一接收机。
在本申请实施例中，路由表中用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径的方式不同时，该光交换机网络内配置的光路径也不同。本申请实施例以以下两个方面为例进行示意性的说明：
第一方面，当路由表用于记录目标通信节点和波长的对应关系时，光交换机网络中可以配置与第一发射机发射的不同波长一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。其中，该光交换机网络的结构以及工作原理，可以参考前述实施例中的第一种可选的实现方式中的相关内容。
在这种情况下，在光交换机网络接收到第一发射机发送的目标光信号后，光交换机网络可以通过与该目标光信号的目标波长对应的目标光路径进行目标光信号的传输，以将该目标光信号发送至第一接收机。
第二方面，当路由表用于记录目标通信节点和光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系时，光交换机网络中可以配置与光交换机网络的不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。其中，该光交换机网络的结构以及工作原理，可以参考前述实施例中的第二种可选的实现方式中的相关内容。
在这种情况下，在光交换机网络的目标输出端口接收到第一发射机发送的目标光信号后，光交换机网络能够通过与该目标输入端口对应的光路径进行目标光信号的传输，以将该目标光信号发送至第一接收机。
S303、第一接收机接收目标光信号，并将目标光信号转换为第二电信号后发送至第一目的通信节点。
示例地，当第一接收机仅与一个目的通信节点连接时，在第一接收机接收到目标光信号且将其转换为第二电信号后，直接发送给与其连接的第一目的通信节点。当第一接收机与多个目的通信节点连接时，该第一接收机中可以存储路由表，在第一接收机接收到目标光信号且将其转换为第二电信号后，第一接收机可以查询路由表以确定接收第一电信号的第一目的通信节点，再将第一电信号发送给查询到的第一目的通信节点。
在本申请实施例中，当通信系统为图13示出的通信系统时，在上述步骤S301之前，该通信方法还可以包括：集中控制器基于多个源通信节点和多个目的通信节点之间的通信关系，生成该路由表。
可选地，该通信方法还可以包括：在集中控制器生成路由表后，该集中控制器可以基于路由，建立光交换机网络的多条光路径。并且，该集中控制器还可以通过电交换机网络向第一发射机发送该路由表，第一发射机可以存储该路由表。
可选地，该通信方法还可以包括：第一发射通过电交换机网络发送控制信息。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的通信方法步骤的先后顺序可以进行适当调整，步骤也可以根据情况进行相应增减，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化的方法，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内，因此不再赘述。
图17是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的流程示意图。该通信方法可以应用于如图14所示的发射机。如图17所示，该方法包括：
S401、确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。
S402、按照目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，以使该光交换机网络按照该目标光路径将该目标光信号发送至与该第一目的通信节点连接的第一接收机，该目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到。
本申请实施例提供的通信方法中，第一发射机在将第一通信节点发送的第一电信号转换为目标光信号后，该第一发射机能够在光交换机网络中配置的多条光路径中确定一条第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。这样，在光交换机网络接收到第一发射机发送的目标光信号后，光交换机可以将该目标光信号按照目标光路径直接发送给第一接收机，以使第一接收机将目标光信号转换为第二电信号发送给第一目的节点。如此，在第一源节点与第一目的节点进行通信时，无需在光交换机网络中进行光电转换，有效的降低了各个通信节点之间的通信时延。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，图16和图17描述的通信方法的具体步骤以及效果，可以参考前述通信系统的实施例中的对应过程以及效果，在此不再赘述。
图18是本申请实施例提供的一种发射机的结构框图。如图18所示，该发射机50包括：路径确定模块501，用于确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径。光信号发射模块502，用于按照目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，目标光信号由第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到。
可选地，路径确定模块502用于：基于路由表确定第一源通信节点到第一目的通信节点的目标光路径，路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。
在一种可选示例中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。发射机还包括：波长确定模块，用于基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标波长。光信号生成模块，用于基于第一电信号，对目标波长的光信号进行调制得到目标光信号。
在一种实现方式中，该发射机与光源池连接，光源池用于提供不同波长的光信号。发射机还包括：波长选择模块，用于在光源池提供的光信号中选择目标波长的光信号。
在另一种实现方式中，发射机具有可调激光器。发射机还包括：波长选择模块，用于通过可调激光器发出目标波长的光信号。
在另一种可选示例中，路由表用于记录目的通信节点和光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系。光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条光路径对应一个目的通信节点。该发射机还包括：端口确定模块，用于基于第一目的通信节点以及路由表，确定目标输入端口。光信号发射模块，用于将目标光信号发送至光交换机网络的目标输入端口。
可选地，第一源通信节点发送的第一电信号携带数据信息，该发射机还包括：控制信息发送模块，用于通过电交换机发送控制信息。
其中，发射机中的各个模块的工作流程以及相应的效果可以参考前述通信系统中的发射机的工作流程以及相应的效果，本申请实施例对此不再赘述。
上述实施例提供的通信系统、发射机及通信方法实施例属于同一构思，其具体实现过程详见方法实施例。本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。在本申请中，术语“第一”和“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。术语“大于1的正整数”指的是至少两个。术语“多个”指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。“A参考B”，指的是A与B相同，或者A在B的基础上进行简单变形。本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括：
    发射机，用于确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径，并按照所述目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，所述源通信节点与所述发射机连接，所述目标光信号由所述源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到；
    所述光交换机网络包括一个或多个光交换机，所述光交换机网络中被配置有多条光路径，所述光交换机网络用于按照所述目标光路径将所述目标光信号发送至与所述目的通信节点连接的接收机；
    所述接收机用于接收所述目标光信号，并将所述目标光信号转换为第二电信号后发送至所述目的通信节点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述发射机，用于基于路由表确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径，所述路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系；所述光交换机网络中被配置有与所述发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条所述光路径对应一个目的通信节点；
    所述发射机还用于：基于所述目的通信节点以及所述路由表，确定目标波长；
    基于所述第一电信号，对所述目标波长的光信号进行调制得到所述目标光信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统还包括：光源池，所述光源池用于提供不同波长的光信号；
    所述发射机用于在所述光源池提供的光信号中选择所述目标波长的光信号。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述发射机包括可调激光器，所述发射机用于通过所述可调激光器发出所述目标波长的光信号。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5任一所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述光交换机为：波长选择开关WSS；
    或者，所述光交换机包括：阵列波导光栅AWG以及多个光开关，每个所述光开关用于调节所述AWG输出的每路光信号的光路方向。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述路由表用于记录目的通信节点和所述光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系；所述光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条所述光路径对应一个目的通信节点；
    所述发射机还用于：基于所述目的通信节点以及所述路由表，确定目标输入端口；
    将所述目标光信号发送至所述光交换机网络的所述目标输入端口。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括多选一光开关，所述多选一光开关具有一个输入端口和多个输出端口，所述多选一光开关用于在所述多个输出端口中选择一个输出端口进行光信号的输出；
    所述发射机的输出端口与所述多选一光开关的输入端口连接，所述多选一光开关的每个输出端口与所述光交换机网络的一个输入端口连接；
    所述发射机用于：控制所述多选一光开关选择与所述目标输入端口连接的输出端口来输 出所述目标光信号，以使所述目标光信号发送至所述光交换机网络的所述目标输入端口。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括分路器和多个能量调节器，所述多个能量调节器分别与所述光交换机网络的多个输入端口连接；
    所述分路器用于：将所述发射机输入的光信号分为多路光信号，并将所述多路光信号分别发送至所述多个能量调节器；
    所述能量调节器用于：调节所述分路器发送的光信号的能量；
    所述发射机用于：通过对所述多个能量调节器进行控制，以使所述目标光信号发送至所述光交换机网络的所述目标输入端口。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述能量调节器包括：光放大器OA和/或可调光衰减器VOA。
  11. 根据权利要求7至10任一所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述光交换机包括：配线架，所述配线架具有多个输入端口和多个输出端口；
    所述配线架的每个输入端口到所述配线架的每个输出端口之间通过光纤连接。
  12. 根据权利要求7至10任一所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述光交换机包括：机框和多个光开关；
    所述机框具有多个输入端口和多个输出端口，所述机框的每个输入端口到所述机框的每个输出端口之间通过一个或多个所述光开关连接。
  13. 根据权利要求2至12任一所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统还包括：多个源通信节点、多个目的通信节点和集中控制器；
    所述集中控制器用于基于所述多个源通信节点和多个目的通信节点之间的通信关系，生成所述路由表。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述集中控制器还用于基于所述路由表，建立所述光交换机网络的多条光路径。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述发射机和所述接收机均通过多根光纤与所述光交换机网络连接。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15任一所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述第一电信号携带数据信息，所述通信系统还包括：电交换机网络；
    所述发射机还用于：通过所述电交换机网络发送控制信息。
  17. 一种发射机，其特征在于，所述发射机包括：
    路径确定模块，用于确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径；
    光信号发射模块，用于按照所述目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，以使所述光交换机网络按照所述目标光路径将所述目标光信号发送至与所述目的通信节点连接的接收机，所述目标光信号由所述源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的发射机，其特征在于，所述路径确定模块，用于：基于路由表确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径，所述路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的发射机，其特征在于，所述路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系；所述光交换机网络中被配置有与所述发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条所述光路径对应一个目的通信节点；所述发射机还包括：
    波长确定模块，用于基于所述目的通信节点以及所述路由表，确定目标波长；
    光信号生成模块，用于基于所述第一电信号，对所述目标波长的光信号进行调制得到所述目标光信号。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的发射机，其特征在于，所述发射机与光源池连接，所述光源池用于提供不同波长的光信号；所述发射机还包括：
    所述波长选择模块，用于在所述光源池提供的光信号中选择所述目标波长的光信号。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的发射机，其特征在于，所述发射机具有可调激光器，所述发射机还包括：
    所述波长选择模块，用于通过所述可调激光器发出所述目标波长的光信号。
  22. 根据权利要求18所述的发射机，其特征在于，所述路由表用于记录目的通信节点和所述光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系；所述光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条所述光路径对应一个目的通信节点；所述发射机还包括：
    端口确定模块，用于基于所述目的通信节点以及所述路由表，确定目标输入端口；
    所述光信号发射模块，用于将所述目标光信号发送至所述光交换机网络的所述目标输入端口。
  23. 根据权利要求17至22任一所述的发射机，其特征在于，所述第一电信号携带数据信息，所述发射机还包括：
    控制信息发送模块，用于通过电交换机网络发送控制信息。
  24. 一种发射机，其特征在于，所述发射机包括：
    网卡，用于确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径；
    光模块，用于按照所述目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，以使所述光交换机网络按照所述目标光路径将所述目标光信号发送至与所述目的通信节点连接的接收机，所述目标光信号由所述源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到。
  25. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    发射机确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径，并按照所述目标光路径向光交换机网络发送目标光信号，所述源通信节点与所述发射机连接，所述目标光信号由所述源通信节点发送的第一电信号转换得到，所述光交换机网络包括一个或多个光交换机，所述光交换机网络中被配置有多条光路径；
    所述光交换机网络按照所述目标光路径将所述目标光信号发送至与所述目的通信节点连接的接收机；
    所述接收机接收所述目标光信号，并将所述目标光信号转换为第二电信号后发送至所述目的通信节点。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述发射机确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径，包括：
    所述发射机基于路由表确定源通信节点到目的通信节点的目标光路径，所述路由表用于记录源通信节点到目的通信节点的光路径。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述路由表用于记录目的通信节点和波长的对应关系；所述光交换机网络中被配置有与所述发射机发射的不同波长的光信号一一对应的不同光路径，每条所述光路径对应一个目的通信节点；所述方法还包括：
    所述发射机基于所述目的通信节点以及所述路由表，确定目标波长；
    所述发射机基于所述第一电信号，对所述目标波长的光信号进行调制得到所述目标光信号。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述路由表用于记录目的通信节点和所述光交换机网络的输入端口的对应关系；所述光交换机网络中被配置有与不同输入端口一一对应的不同光路径，每条所述光路径对应一个目的通信节点；所述方法还包括：
    所述发射机基于所述目的通信节点以及所述路由表，确定目标输入端口；
    所述发射机将所述目标光信号发送至所述光交换机网络的所述目标输入端口。
  29. 根据权利要求26至28任一所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    集中控制器基于多个源通信节点和多个目的通信节点之间的通信关系，生成所述路由表。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述集中控制器基于所述路由表，建立所述光交换机网络的多条光路径。
  31. 根据权利要求25至30任一所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述第一电信号携带数据信息，所述发射机与电交换机网络连接，所述方法还包括：
    所述发射机通过所述电交换机网络发送控制信息。
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