WO2023005462A1 - 电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005462A1
WO2023005462A1 PCT/CN2022/098444 CN2022098444W WO2023005462A1 WO 2023005462 A1 WO2023005462 A1 WO 2023005462A1 CN 2022098444 W CN2022098444 W CN 2022098444W WO 2023005462 A1 WO2023005462 A1 WO 2023005462A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
flow channel
battery
exchange pad
cooling fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098444
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖海河
张小文
周锡根
陶勇
彭爽娟
黄亚萍
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22848071.1A priority Critical patent/EP4290652A4/en
Publication of WO2023005462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005462A1/zh
Priority to US18/211,099 priority patent/US20230335831A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery and a device using the battery.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery and a device using the battery, which can improve the safety of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including: a plurality of battery cells; a heat exchange pad disposed between two adjacent battery cells; and a cooling pipe for transporting a cooling fluid,
  • the cooling pipe is provided with a plurality of outlets; the heat exchange pad is provided with an inlet corresponding to the outlet, and the cooling pipe is used to deliver the cooling fluid to the inlet of the heat exchange pad through the outlet; the heat exchange pad is also provided with a flow channel communicating with the inlet, the The flow channel is used to accommodate cooling fluid to exchange heat between the cooling fluid and the battery cells.
  • the cooling fluid when the temperature of one or more battery cells is abnormal, the cooling fluid can be delivered to the flow channel of the heat exchange pad through the cooling pipe, and the cooling fluid entering the flow channel and the battery cells Perform heat exchange and absorb heat to vaporize, and take away the heat released when the temperature of the battery cell is abnormal, so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly cooling the battery cell, and avoid further fire, explosion and even damage to adjacent batteries after the battery cell thermal runaway occurs.
  • the monomer is spread to ensure the safety of the battery as a whole.
  • the flow channel includes a first flow channel arranged along the length direction of the heat exchange pad and a second flow channel arranged along the height direction of the heat exchange pad, and the length direction of the heat exchange pad and the height direction of the heat exchange pad are mutually Vertically, the first flow channel and the second flow channel communicate with each other.
  • the cooling fluid can flow to each area of the heat exchange pad through the first flow channel and the second flow channel, and the distribution is even, so that the heat exchange
  • the heat pad can have a larger cooling area to improve the cooling effect of the heat exchange pad.
  • the flow channel includes a plurality of second flow channels, and the plurality of second flow channels are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the heat exchange pad.
  • the heat exchange pad By arranging the second flow channels at intervals along the length direction of the heat exchange pad, the heat exchange pad can retain a part of the pad body, which can make the heat exchange pad have a certain structural strength, when the battery cell expands And when the heat exchange pad is compressed, the second flow channel can maintain a flow space under the support of the part of the pad body.
  • an exhaust passage is provided between adjacent second flow passages, and the exhaust passage is used to discharge the gas formed after the cooling fluid is vaporized.
  • the vaporized gas of the cooling fluid can be discharged in time through the exhaust channel, so as to reduce the gas obstruction when the heat exchange pad enters the water and keep the water intake of the heat exchange pad smooth.
  • the first flow channel is arranged on a side of the second flow channel close to the cooling pipe, and the first flow channel communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange pad.
  • the cooling fluid flowing in through the inlet can first go along the length of the first flow channel to the heat exchange pad direction flow, and then flow into the second channel.
  • the flow channel further includes a third flow channel arranged along the height direction of the heat exchange pad.
  • the flow channel communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange pad, and the cooling fluid enters the first flow channel through the third flow channel.
  • the third flow channel By arranging the third flow channel on the side of the first flow channel close to the cooling pipe, the third flow channel is used as a flow channel connected to the inlet, and after the cooling fluid flows out from the inlet, it can first follow the third flow channel, that is, along the height of the heat exchange pad Direction flow, and then flow into the first flow channel.
  • the heat exchange pad includes a plurality of through holes, and at least some of the through holes are disposed on the outer periphery of the flow channel.
  • the cooling fluid flowing into the heat exchange pad can diffuse along the through holes to expand the heat exchange area, thereby improving the cooling effect; and, by arranging at least part of the through holes on the outer periphery of the flow channel , so that part of the cooling fluid can enter the through hole for a second round of heat exchange after heat exchange in the flow channel, and the gas formed after the cooling fluid is vaporized can also be discharged through the through hole.
  • the flow channel is formed by surface depressions on the heat exchange pad and the battery cells opposite to each other.
  • the surface of the heat exchange pad opposite to the battery cell form a flow channel, it is convenient for the cooling fluid flowing into the flow channel to exchange heat with the battery cell and improve the efficiency of heat exchange.
  • the surface of the battery cell can be used to form a flow channel. part of the road, which helps to save material.
  • the battery further includes a flexible connector for connecting the outlet of the cooling pipe and the inlet of the heat exchange pad.
  • the cooling tube is further provided with a heat-sensitive seal for sealing the outlet, the heat-sensitive seal being configured to be broken when the temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value to communicate the outlet with the inlet and allow cooling fluid to flow to the runners to cool the battery cells.
  • the cooling fluid cannot flow to the heat exchange pad for cooling when the battery cell is in normal use.
  • the heat-sensitive sealing member After being destroyed, the cooling fluid flows into the heat exchange pad to cool the battery cells, which is convenient to use.
  • the battery cell includes an anti-explosion valve
  • the cooling tube is disposed on a periphery of the anti-explosion valve
  • the anti-explosion valve is configured to activate and break the thermal seal when the temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value.
  • the heat-sensitive sealing member arranged in the cooling pipe can be destroyed by the concentrated heat generated when the explosion-proof valve is actuated, so that the cooling fluid can smoothly flow into the heat exchange pad for cooling, or, Block heat from thermal runaway battery cells from being transferred to normal battery cells.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a device using a battery, including: the battery in the first aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of some parts of the battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the assembly diagram of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is the sectional view of A-A direction in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a local enlarged view at K in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange pad provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of heat exchange pads provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of heat exchange pads provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the coordinate systems shown in the following drawings have the same definition, wherein the X direction in the coordinate system is the length direction of the heat exchange pad, the Y direction is the thickness direction of the heat exchange pad, and the Z direction is the height direction of the heat exchange pad.
  • the X direction, Y direction and Z direction appearing in the following description have the same meanings as defined above.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the power battery In the field of electric vehicles such as electric vehicles, the power battery is the core component of the vehicle, which is related to the safety of the vehicle.
  • the thermal runaway of the power battery is the most serious safety accident. Thermal runaway refers to the heat production rate of the chemical reaction inside the battery cell Far higher than the heat dissipation rate, a large amount of heat accumulates inside the battery cell, causing the temperature of the battery cell to rise rapidly, eventually causing the battery cell to catch fire or explode, directly threatening the safety of users.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes a cooling pipe and a heat exchange pad arranged between adjacent battery cells for heat exchange with the battery cells, and the heat exchange pad is also provided with a
  • the flow channel containing the cooling fluid can exchange heat with the battery cells in the flow channel to reduce the probability of battery fire and explosion caused by the thermal runaway of the battery cells, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to batteries and electric devices using batteries.
  • Electric devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the electric device is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside a vehicle 1
  • a battery 2 refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity, for example, the one mentioned in this application
  • the battery 2 may include a battery module or a battery pack or the like.
  • the battery 2 can be arranged at the bottom or the head or the tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery 2 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case body 5 and battery cells 21 , and the battery cells 21 are accommodated in the case body 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells 21 , and the box body 5 may have various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 51 and a second box body part 52, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 cover each other, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 51
  • the two box parts 52 jointly define an accommodating space 53 for accommodating the battery cells 21 .
  • the second box part 52 can be a hollow structure with an open end, and the first box part 51 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first box part 51 is covered on the opening side of the second box part 52 to form an accommodating space.
  • the first casing part 51 and the second casing part 52 also all can be the hollow structure of one side opening, and the opening side of the first casing part 51 covers the opening of the second casing part 52 side to form a box body 5 with an accommodating space 53 .
  • the first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52 may be in various shapes, such as cylinders, cuboids, and the like.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 51 covers the top of the second box part 52
  • the first box part 51 can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box part 52 can also be called a lower box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 21 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 21 are both in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 21 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 21 is housed in the box body 5; of course, a plurality of battery cells 21 can also be connected in series first Or parallel or mixed connection to form a battery pack, and multiple battery packs are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and accommodated in the box body 5 .
  • the battery 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 21 , heat exchange pads 22 and cooling pipes 23 , and the heat exchange pads 22 are arranged on two adjacent battery cells. 21 for heat exchange with the battery cells 21; the cooling pipe 23 is provided with a plurality of outlets 231, the heat exchange pad 22 is provided with an inlet 221 corresponding to the outlet 231, and the cooling pipe 23 is used to pass the cooling fluid through the outlet 231
  • the cooling fluid is delivered to the inlet 221 of the heat exchange pad 22
  • the heat exchange pad 22 is also provided with a flow channel 222 communicating with the inlet 221 , and the flow channel 222 is used to accommodate the cooling fluid to exchange heat with the battery cells 21 .
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic view of some components of the battery 2 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 refers to the smallest component unit used to form a battery.
  • the battery cell 21 may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, or a lithium-sulfur battery cell. , a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell, or a magnesium-ion battery cell, etc., which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 21 in the shape of a cuboid is used as an example in the following embodiments.
  • the battery cells 21 are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the heat exchange pad 22 is disposed between two adjacent battery cells 21 , and the heat exchange pad 22 is used for heat exchange with the adjacent battery cells 21 to reduce the temperature of the battery cells 21 .
  • the heat exchange pad 22 may be in the shape of a flat plate, and a flow channel 222 may be provided in the plate body. Setting the heat exchange pad 22 in the shape of a flat plate can avoid the expansion of the battery cells 21
  • the heat exchange pad 22 may also be a plate with grooves or other structures on the surface, which is not limited in this application.
  • the heat exchange pad 22 can be made of materials that are conducive to the diffusion and penetration of the cooling fluid, such as silica airgel, porous rubber, porous ceramics, etc., so that the cooling fluid can easily diffuse in the heat exchange pad 22 after flowing into the flow channel , so that the heat exchange pad 22 can have a larger heat exchange area and increase the heat exchange rate between the cooling fluid and the battery cells 21 .
  • part of the structure of the heat exchange pad 22, such as the wall layer on the flow channel 222 away from the cooled battery cell 21, can have better compression performance.
  • the heat exchange pad 22 can play a buffering role through its own deformation, reducing the stacking direction of multiple battery cells 21 after the battery cells 21 are grouped (with the The length of the heat exchange pad 22 in the thickness direction Y (parallel) changes.
  • the cooling pipe 23 can be used to transport cooling fluid.
  • the cooling fluid is a substance with a low boiling point, high heat absorption and high volatility.
  • the cooling fluid can be one of deionized water, ethylene glycol, propanol, hydrocarbon fluoride or their combination.
  • the cooling fluid can exchange heat with the battery cells 21 in the flow channel 222 , and is vaporized and discharged after absorbing heat, so as to increase the heat exchange rate with the battery cells 21 and achieve a better cooling effect.
  • the cooling pipe 23 that is used to deliver the cooling fluid to the same heat exchange pad 22 can be set to one or multiple. Multiple inlets 221 can be set on 22 at the same time.
  • the cooling pipe 23 can be a tubular structure such as a straight pipe or a curved pipe.
  • the cooling pipe 23 can be a pipe with a circular cross-section, and its pipe diameter can be designed according to the length of the battery cells 21 grouped and the flow requirement of the cooling fluid.
  • the pipe section of the cooling pipe 23 may also be a flat pipe or other shapes, which is not limited in this application.
  • the cooling pipe 23 can be arranged on any end face of the battery cell 21, for example, the cooling pipe 23 can be arranged on the end face of the battery cell 21 placed upwards, so that the cooling fluid can flow from the cooling pipe 23 to the heat exchange pad 22 more easily. middle.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cooling pipe 23 and the heat exchange pad 22 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 4
  • Figure 6 is the Partial enlarged view at K.
  • the cooling pipe 23 may be provided with a plurality of outlets 231
  • the heat exchange pad 22 is provided with an inlet 221 corresponding to the outlets 231 .
  • An outlet 231 on the cooling pipe 23 can be arranged corresponding to an inlet 221 on a heat exchange pad 23, or multiple outlets 231 on the cooling pipe 23 can be arranged correspondingly to an inlet 221 on a heat exchange pad 22 , when a plurality of cooling pipes 23 are provided to deliver cooling fluid to the same heat exchange pad 23, a plurality of inlets 221 may be provided on the heat exchange pad 23, and the inlets 221 and outlets 231 are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the shape and size of the outlet 231 and the inlet 221 are not limited, and can be set according to the flow requirement of the cooling fluid and the cooling reaction time. In some embodiments of the present application, the outlet 231 on the cooling pipe 23 can be set downward, so that the cooling fluid flowing in the cooling pipe 23 can easily reach the inlet 221 of the heat exchange pad 22 through the outlet 231 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat exchange pad 22 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a flow channel 222 communicating with the inlet 221 is also provided on the heat exchange pad 22 , and the flow channel 222 can be used to accommodate cooling fluid to exchange heat between the cooling fluid and the battery cells 21 .
  • the flow channels 222 can be formed directly on the surface of the heat exchange pad 22 when the heat exchange pad 22 is prepared, or the flow channels 222 can be formed by opening holes after the heat exchange pad 22 is prepared.
  • the flow channel 222 can be set on one of the surfaces of the heat exchange pad 22 facing the battery cells 21, or can be set on the surface of the heat exchange pad 22 facing toward the battery cell 21.
  • the projected area of the flow channel 222 can be greater than or equal to half of the projected area of the heat exchange pad 22, which can make the cooling effect better. In other implementations of the present application, the projected area of the flow channel 222 may also be set to be less than half of the projected area of the heat exchange pad 22 , which is not limited in this application.
  • the cooling pipe 23 can be used to deliver the cooling fluid to the flow channel 222 of the heat exchange pad 22 to enter the flow
  • the cooling fluid in the channel 222 exchanges heat with the battery cells 21, and the cooling fluid absorbs heat and vaporizes to take away the heat released by the battery cells 21 when the temperature is abnormal, so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly cooling the battery cells 21 and avoid After the thermal runaway of the battery cell 21 ignites, explodes or spreads to adjacent battery cells 21 , so as to ensure the overall safety of the battery 2 .
  • the flow channel 222 includes a first flow channel 222a arranged along the length direction X of the heat exchange pad 22 and a first flow channel 222a arranged along the height direction Z of the heat exchange pad 22
  • the second flow channel 222b, and the length direction X and the height direction Z are perpendicular to each other, and the first flow channel 222a and the second flow channel 222b communicate with each other.
  • the first flow channel 222a is arranged along the length direction X of the heat exchange pad 22, the first flow channel 222a is used to transport and diffuse the cooling fluid along the length direction X of the heat exchange pad 22, and the second flow channel 222b is along the height direction Z of the heat exchange pad 22 It is provided that the second channel 222b is used to transport and diffuse the cooling fluid along the height direction Z of the heat exchange pad 22 .
  • the cooling fluid can be delivered to most areas of the heat exchange pad 22 to expand the heat exchange area.
  • multiple second flow channels 222b may be arranged in the height direction Z and communicate with the first flow channel 222a, and the cooling fluid passes through Flow in the first flow channel 222a and split into multiple second flow channels 222b; in some embodiments, the second flow channel 222b can also be communicated with the inlet 221 of the heat exchange pad 22, and multiple first flow channels are provided 222a, a plurality of first flow channels 222a and second flow channels 222b communicate with each other, and the cooling fluid flows through the second flow channels 222b and splits into the first flow channels 222a; in some other embodiments of the present application, the first flow channels 222a and the second channel 222b may have other arrangements, which are not limited in this application. It should be noted here that the length direction X of the heat exchange pad 22 is perpendicular to the height direction Z, and the vertical here does not mean vertical in the strict sense, but the angle formed
  • the first flow channel 222a and the second flow channel 222b can be straight or curved, or one of the first flow channel 222a and the second flow channel 222b can be straight and the other can be straight.
  • One is curved, and the flow channel 222 is arranged straight, so that the cooling fluid can pass through quickly, reducing the change of the direction of the fluid in the flow channel 222, and the curved setting of the flow channel 222 is conducive to forming a larger heat exchange area , at the same time, the length of the runner 222 can also be increased to prolong the cooling time.
  • the flow channel 222 includes a plurality of second flow channels 222b, and the plurality of second flow channels 222b are arranged at intervals along the length direction X of the heat exchange pad 22 .
  • multiple second flow channels 222b can be arranged at intervals along the length direction X of the heat exchange pad, so that as much as possible can be arranged on the heat exchange pad 22 More area for cooling fluid to exchange heat.
  • a plurality of second flow channels 222b are arranged at intervals, so that the heat exchange area on the heat exchange pad 22 can be evenly arranged to cool the battery cell 21 as a whole.
  • each second flow channel The outer periphery of the channel 222b can retain a part of the structure to support the second flow channel 222b.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange pad 22 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • An exhaust passage 222c is provided between adjacent second flow passages 222b, and the exhaust passage 222c is used to discharge the gas formed after the cooling fluid is vaporized.
  • the exhaust channel 222c is a channel for discharging the gas formed after the cooling fluid is vaporized.
  • the exhaust channel 222c may not be connected with the first flow channel 222a and the second The two flow channels 222b communicate with each other, through the natural diffusion of gas in the heat exchange pad 22 to the exhaust channel 222c, and finally discharged.
  • the exhaust channel 222c may also be partially communicated with the first flow channel 222a or the second flow channel 222b.
  • the exhaust channel 222c may have a through hole communicating with the upward end of the second flow channel 222b. In this way, The gas formed by the heat absorption and vaporization of the cooling fluid in the second channel 222b can enter the exhaust channel 222c through the through hole when it rises, and finally be discharged.
  • the first flow channel 222a is arranged on the side of the second flow channel 222b close to the cooling pipe 23 , the first channel 222a communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange pad 22 .
  • the first flow channel 222a is arranged along the length direction X of the heat exchange pad 22, and the cooling fluid can flow along the first flow channel 222a to cover the length direction X of the battery cell 21 after entering the first flow channel 222a through the inlet 221 of the heat exchange pad 22. , and then enter the second flow channel 222b arranged along the height direction Z of the heat exchange pad 22 through the first flow channel 222a.
  • the cooling process of the cooling fluid is carried out in the battery cell 21 along the length direction Each position of X can occur, improving the overall cooling effect.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat exchange pad 22 provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the flow channel 222 also includes a third flow channel 222d arranged along the height direction Z of the heat exchange pad 22. Along the height direction Z of the heat exchange pad 22, the third flow channel 222d is arranged on the side of the first flow channel 222a close to the cooling pipe 23 , the third flow channel 222d communicates with the inlet 221 of the heat exchange pad 22, and the cooling fluid enters the first flow channel 222a through the third flow channel 222d.
  • the third flow channel 222d is used to deliver the cooling fluid from the inlet 221 to the first flow channel 222a, and the arrangement direction of the third flow channel 222d is the same as that of the second flow channel 222b, both of which are arranged along the height direction Z of the heat exchange pad 22 .
  • the heat exchange pad 22 may include second flow channels 222b arranged at intervals along the length direction X, the third flow channel 222d may be arranged in the middle of multiple second flow channels 222b, and the cooling fluid flows through the third flow channel 222b.
  • the flow channel 222d flows toward the first flow channel 222a, and then flows from the first flow channel 222a to the second flow channel 222b.
  • the heat exchange pad 22 can be covered with flow channels as much as possible, so as to improve the cooling effect of the heat exchange pad 22 .
  • the third flow channel 222d can be a straight flow channel or a curved flow channel, and its cross-sectional shape is not limited, and its cross-sectional size can be determined according to the cooling requirements of the battery cells 21 .
  • the heat exchange pad 22 may include a plurality of through holes, and at least part of the through holes are arranged on the outer periphery of the flow channel 222 .
  • the heat exchange pad 22 can be a porous structure with a plurality of through holes (not shown in the figure), so that the cooling fluid can diffuse and penetrate in the heat exchange pad 22 through the through holes.
  • the through holes here may refer to a large number of directional or random holes scattered inside the heat exchange pad 22 , and the holes may be foam type, lotus type, honeycomb type and so on.
  • the heat exchange pad 22 with a plurality of through holes can be made of porous materials, such as porous ceramics and porous rubber.
  • the heat exchange pad 22 has a structure with a plurality of through holes, so that the cooling fluid can diffuse and permeate in the heat exchange pad 22, thereby increasing the contact area between the cooling fluid and the battery cells 21, and making the heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the battery cells 21 more efficient. Sufficient and faster, it is beneficial to improve the cooling effect on the battery cells 21 .
  • the flow channel 222 is formed by recessing the surface S of the heat exchange pad 22 opposite to the battery cell 21 .
  • the surface S of the heat exchange pad 22 opposite to the battery cell 21 refers to any one of the two surfaces of the heat exchange pad 22 arranged along its thickness direction Y, since the heat exchange pad 22 is sandwiched between two adjacent battery cells Between the body 21, the two surfaces of the heat exchange pad 22 arranged along the thickness direction Y are respectively opposite to one of the adjacent battery cells 21, and the surface S of any one of the two surfaces can face away from it.
  • the direction of the battery cell 21 is recessed to form a flow channel 222.
  • the flow channel 222 can also be formed by recessing on both surfaces, so that the heat exchange pad 22 formed with the flow channel 222 on both surfaces can pass through at the same time.
  • the cooling fluid in the flow channels 222 on the two surfaces exchanges heat with the two battery cells 21 to improve cooling efficiency.
  • a cover plate (not shown in the figure) can be provided on the recessed surface S to cover the heat exchange pad 22 from the thickness direction Y of the heat exchange pad 22,
  • the flow channel 222 is closed in the thickness direction Y of the heat exchange pad 22 to reduce the probability of water vapor leaking out of the heat exchange pad 22 .
  • the heat exchange pad 22 can also be directly sandwiched between the adjacent battery cells 21 after the surface S is recessed to form the flow channel 222. By clamping the battery cells 21, the battery cells 21 face the heat exchange pad.
  • the surface of 22 can close the flow channel 222 from the thickness direction Y of the heat exchange pad 22, so that the cooling fluid in the flow channel 222 is not easy to leak from this surface.
  • the battery 2 further includes a flexible connector 24 for connecting the outlet 231 of the cooling pipe 23 and the inlet 221 of the heat exchange pad 22 .
  • the outlet 231 of the cooling pipe 23 is connected to the inlet 221 of the heat exchange pad 22 using a flexible connection piece 24 .
  • the flexible connecting piece 24 refers to a connecting part that allows its connecting parts to expand and contract in the axial direction, to bend, and to produce a certain amount of displacement in the vertical direction.
  • the flexible connector 24 may be a rubber flexible joint, a clamp type flexible joint, a corrugated pipe joint, and the like.
  • the cooling pipe 23 is also provided with a heat-sensitive sealing member 232 for sealing the outlet 231 , and the heat-sensitive sealing member 232 is configured to operate at the temperature of the battery cell 21 When the threshold is reached, it is destroyed to communicate the outlet 231 with the inlet 221 , and make the cooling fluid flow to the channel 222 to cool the battery cells 21 .
  • the heat-sensitive sealing member 232 is sealed and arranged at the outlet 231 of the cooling pipe 23.
  • the heat-sensitive sealing member 232 can maintain the sealing state of the outlet 231.
  • the heat-sensitive sealing member 232 can be affected by the temperature and be destroyed, so that the outlet of the cooling pipe 23 is no longer sealed, and the cooling fluid flows out from the outlet of the cooling pipe 23 and flows into the flow channel 222 for cooling.
  • the heat-sensitive sealing member 232 can be made of polymer materials or low melting point metals, and the polymer materials include polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate and PFA (a small amount of perfluoropropyl Copolymers of perfluorovinyl ether and polytetrafluoroethylene), etc., preferably polypropylene with a lower melting point.
  • Low melting point metals include zinc, tin, antimony, gallium metal or their alloys, preferably tin metal.
  • the battery cell 21 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 211, and the cooling pipe 23 may be disposed on the periphery of the explosion-proof valve 211.
  • the explosion-proof valve 211 is configured to actuate and destroy the thermal sensor when the temperature of the battery cell 21 reaches a threshold value. Sealing piece 232.
  • the explosion-proof valve 211 refers to a component that can be actuated to discharge gas when the internal temperature of the battery cell 21 reaches a threshold value. Since the discharged gas is usually produced by the battery cell 21 under a runaway chemical reaction, it usually has a relatively high temperature. So that when the battery cell 21 is in thermal runaway, especially when the explosion-proof valve 211 is opened to release pressure, the temperature near the explosion-proof valve 211 will be higher than the temperature in other areas of the battery cell 21. Accordingly, the cooling pipe 23 is arranged on the explosion-proof valve 211 In this way, the heat released in this part of the area can be used to destroy the heat-sensitive sealing member 232, so that the cooling fluid can flow out of the cooling pipe 23 for cooling operation.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池和用电装置，所述电池包括：多个电池单体；换热垫，设置于相邻的两个所述电池单体之间，用于与电池单体进行热交换；以及冷却管，用于输送冷却流体，所述冷却管设置有多个出口；所述换热垫设置有与所述出口对应的入口，所述冷却管用于将所述冷却流体通过所述出口输送至所述换热垫的所述入口，所述换热垫设置有与所述入口连通的流道，所述流道用于容纳所述冷却流体以使所述冷却流体与所述电池单体进行热交换。本申请实施例的技术方案，能够提高电池的安全性。

Description

电池和用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2021年7月30日提交的名称为“电池和用电装置”的中国专利申请(202110875714.7)的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池和使用电池的装置。
背景技术
随着经济发展，电池技术被广泛地应用于各个领域，尤其是交通工具领域如电动汽车领域。电池的热安全性是电动汽车和储能系统的重中之重，一旦电池单体的热失控扩散到整个电池系统，就会发生重大安全事故。因此，如何解决电池单体热失控以及扩散的问题以提高电池的安全性具有重大的研究意义和研究价值。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池和使用电池的装置，能够提高电池的安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括：多个电池单体；换热垫，设置于相邻的两个所述电池单体之间；以及冷却管，用于输送冷却流体，冷却管设置有多个出口；换热垫设置有与该出口对应的入口，冷却管用于将冷却流体通过出口输送至换热垫的入口；换热垫上还设置有和入口连通的流道，该流道用于容纳冷却流体以使冷却流体与电池单体进行热交换。
本申请实施例的技术方案，当有某个或者多个电池单体的温度出现异常时，可以通过冷却管将冷却流体输送至换热垫的流道中，进入流道中的冷却流体与电池单体进行热交换并吸热汽化，将电池单体温度异常时释放的热量带走，以达到迅速给电池单体降温的目的，避免电池单体发生热失控后进一步发生着火、爆炸甚至向邻近的电池单体蔓延，以确保电池整体的安全。
在一些实施例中，流道包括沿换热垫的长度方向设置的第一流道和沿换热垫的高度方向设置的第二流道，换热垫的长度方向和换热垫的高度方向相互垂直，第一流道和第二流道相互连通。
通过在换热垫上同时设置沿长度方向的第一流道和宽度方向的第二流道，使得冷却流体可以通过第一流道和第二流道流动至换热垫的各个区域，分布均匀，使得换热垫可以具备有较大的冷却面积，提高换热垫的冷却效果。
在一些实施例中，流道包括多个第二流道，沿换热垫的长度方向，多个第二流道间隔设置。
通过沿换热垫的长度方向使第二流道间隔设置，使得换热垫能够保留有部分的垫体，这部分垫体可以使得换热垫具备有一定的结构强度，当电池单体出现膨胀并压缩换热垫时，第二流道能够在该部分垫体的支撑下保持流动空间。
在一些实施例中，相邻的第二流道之间设置有排气通道，排气通道用于排出冷却流体汽化后形成的气体。
通过设置排气通道，使得冷却流体汽化后的气体可以通过排气通道及时排出，以减少换热垫进水时的气体阻碍，保持换热垫的进水顺畅。
在一些实施例中，沿换热垫的高度方向，第一流道设置在第二流道靠近冷却管的一侧，第一流道与换热垫的入口连通。
通过将第一流道设置在第二流道靠近冷却管的一侧，并将第一流道与换热垫的入口连通，使得通过入口流入的冷却流体可以先沿第一流道向换热垫的长度方向流动，再流动至第二流道中。
在一些实施例中，流道还包括沿换热垫的高度方向布置的第三流道，沿换热垫的高度方向，第三流道设置在第一流道靠近冷却管的一侧，第三流道与换热垫的入口连通，冷却流体通过第三流道进入第一流道。
通过将第三流道布置在第一流道靠近冷却管的一侧，使得第三流道作为连通入口的流道，冷却流体从入口流出后可以先沿第三流道即沿换热垫的高度方向流动，再流入至第一流道。
在一些实施例中，换热垫包括多个通孔，至少部分的通孔设置于流道的外周。
通过在换热垫上设置通孔，使得流入换热垫的冷却流体可以沿着通孔扩散，以扩大热交换面积，从而提高冷却效果；并且，通过将至少部分的通孔设置于流道的外周，使得部分冷却流体在流道中实现热交换后能够进入通孔中进行第二轮热交换，并且，冷却流体汽化后形成的气体也可以通过通孔向外排出。
在一些实施例中，流道由换热垫与电池单体相对设置的表面凹陷形成。
通过使换热垫上与电池单体相对设置的表面凹陷形成流道，便于流入流道中的冷却流体与电池单体进行热交换，提高热交换的效率，另外，可以利用电池单体的表面构成流道的一部分，有助于节省材料。
在一些实施例中，电池还包括柔性连接件，柔性连接件用于连接冷却管的出口和换热垫的入口。
通过将柔性连接件用于连接冷却管的出口和换热垫的入口，使得冷却管的出口和换热垫的入口在发生相对位移时不容易断开，以使换热垫在电池单体发生膨胀后仍然能够正常使用。
在一些实施例中，冷却管还设置有用于密封出口的热敏封口件，热敏封口件被配置为在电池单体的温度达到阈值时被破坏以使出口和入口连通，并使冷却流体流动至流道以冷却电池单体。
通过在冷却管的出口设置有密封作用的热敏封口件，在电池单体正常使用时，冷却流体无法流动至换热垫中进行冷却，当电池单体的温度出现异常时，热敏封口件被破坏后冷却流体流动至换热垫中对电池单体进行冷却，使用方便。
在一些实施例中，电池单体包括防爆阀，冷却管设置在防爆阀的外周，防爆阀被配置为在电池单体的温度达到阈值时致动并破坏热敏封口件。
通过将冷却管设置在防爆阀的外周，可以利用防爆阀致动时产生的集中热量将设置在冷却管中的热敏封口件破坏，以使冷却流体可以顺利流入换热垫进行冷却，或者，阻挡热失控电池单体的热量传递至正常使用的电池单体。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种使用电池的装置，包括：第一方面的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的部分部件的分解示意图；
图4为图3的装配示意图；
图5为图4中A-A向的剖视图；
图6为图5中K处的局部放大图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的换热垫的结构示意图；
图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的换热垫的结构示意图；
图9为本申请其他一些实施例提供的换热垫的结构示意图；
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记
1-车辆；2-电池；3-控制器；4-马达；5-箱体；51-第一箱体部；52-第二箱体部；53-容纳空间；21-电池单体；22-换热垫；23-冷却管；24-柔性连接件；211-防爆阀；221-入口；222-流道；231-出口；232-热敏封口件；222a-第一流道；222b-第二流道；222c-排气通道；222d-第三流道；X-换热垫的长度方向；Y-换热垫的厚度方向；Z-换热垫的高度方向；S-换热垫与电池单体相对的表面。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下述附图中所示的坐标系定义相同，其中，坐标系中的X方向为换热垫的长度方向，Y方向为换热垫的厚度方向，Z方向为换热垫的高度方向。对于下述描述中出现X方向、Y方向和Z方向均与上述限定中的含义相同。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
在如电动汽车等电动载具领域，动力电池作为车辆的核心部件，关乎用车的安全，动力电池的热失控是最严重的安全事故，热失控是指电池单体内部化学反应的产热速率远高于散热速率，大量热量在电池单体内部积累导致电池单体的温度急速上升，最终引起电池单体起火或爆炸，直接威胁用户的安全。
申请人发现，在电池中，当有单个电池单体热失控时，其外壳温度越高，电池单体间的热扩散会越迅速，这意味着邻近的电池单体也会受其影响更快地升温而相继触发热失控，导致电池整体的安全系数下降。
基于以上考虑，本申请提供了一种电池，该电池包括冷却管和在相邻的电池单体之间设置的用于与电池单体进行热交换的换热垫，换热垫上还设置有用于容纳冷却流体的流道，冷却流体可以在流道中与电池单体进行热交换，以降低电池单体热失控导致电池起火、爆炸的概率，从而提高电池的安全性。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块，例如，本申请中所提到的电池2可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体21，电池单体21容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体21，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52相互盖合，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52共同限定出用于容纳电池单体21的容纳空间53。第二箱体部52可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51可以为板状结构，第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5；第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52连接后的密封性，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的顶部，第一箱体部51亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部52亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体21为多个。多个电池单体21之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体21中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体21之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体21构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体21先串联或并联或混联组成电池组，多个电池组再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请参见图3至图7，电池2包括多个电池单体21、换热垫22和冷却管23，换热垫22设置于相邻的两个电池单体21之间，用于与电池单体21进行热交换；冷却管23设置有多个出口231，换热垫22设置有与出口231对应的入口221，冷却管23用于将冷却流体通过出口231输送至换热垫22的入口221，并且，换热垫22上还设置有与入口221连通的流道222，该流道222用于容纳冷却流体与电池单体21进行热交换。
请参见图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池2的部分部件的分解示意图。电池单体 21是指用以组成电池的最小组成单元，在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体21可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此不限定。电池单体21可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定，为便于说明，在下述实施例中均以长方体形状的电池单体21为示例。电池单体21一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
请继续参见图3，换热垫22设置于相邻的两个电池单体21之间，换热垫22用于与相邻的电池单体21进行热交换以降低该电池单体21的温度。在本申请的一些实施例中，换热垫22可以为平整的板状，在板体中可以设置有流道222，将换热垫22设置为平整的板状可以避免在电池单体21膨胀时造成应力集中，此外，换热垫22也可以为表面具有凹槽或其他结构的板材，本申请对此不做限定。换热垫22可以采用有利于冷却流体扩散渗透的材质如二氧化硅气凝胶、多孔橡胶、多孔陶瓷等制成，这样，可以使得冷却流体在流入流道后易于在换热垫22中扩散，使得换热垫22能够具备更大的热交换面积，提高冷却流体与电池单体21的热交换速率。此外，换热垫22的部分结构例如流道222上远离所冷却的电池单体21的壁层，其可以具有较好压缩性能，在电池单体21发生热失控时，或者充放电过程中，电池单体21都会有膨胀和/或收缩现象，这时换热垫22可以通过自身的形变起到缓冲的作用，减少电池单体21成组后在多个电池单体21的叠加方向(与换热垫22的厚度方向Y平行)上的长度发生改变。
请继续参见图3，冷却管23可以用于输送冷却流体。在本申请的一些实施例中，冷却流体为沸点低、吸热量大且易挥发的物质，例如，冷却流体可以是去离子水、乙二醇、丙醇、烃类氟化物其中之一或者他们的组合。冷却流体可以在流道222中与电池单体21进行热交换，并在吸热后汽化排出，以提高与电池单体21的热交换速率，达到更好的冷却效果。用于向同一个换热垫22输送冷却流体的冷却管23可以设置为一条，也可以设置为多条，当设置有多条冷却管23向同一换热垫22输送冷却流体时，换热垫22上可以同时设置有多个入口221。冷却管23可以为直管、弯管等管状结构，可选的，冷却管23可以为圆形截面的管道，其管径可以根据电池单体21成组的长度和冷却流体的流量需求设计，此外，冷却管23的管道截面还可以为扁管或者其他形状，本申请对此不做限定。冷却管23可以设置在电池单体21的任意端面上，例如，冷却管23可以设置在电池单体21朝上放置的端面上，这样，冷却流体更容易从冷却管23流动至换热垫22中。
请参见图4、图5和图6，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的冷却管23与换热垫22的装配示意图，图5为图4中A-A向的剖视图，图6为图5中K处的局部放大图。冷却管23可以设置有多个出口231，并在换热垫22上设置有与出口231对应的入口221。可以将冷却管23上的一个出口231与一个换热垫23上的入口221对应设置，或者，也可以将冷却管23上的多个出口231与一个换热垫22上的一个入口221对应设置，当设置有多条冷却管23向同一个换热垫23输送冷却流体时，可以在换热垫23上设置多个入口221，并使入口221和出口231一一对应。出口231和入口221的形状和尺寸不限，可以依据对冷却流体的流量需求和冷却反应时间设置。在本申请的一些实施例中，可以将冷却管23上的出口231朝下设置，使得在冷却管23中流动的冷却流体容易通过出口231到达换热垫22的入口221处。
请参见图7，图7是本申请一些实施例提供的换热垫22的结构示意图。换热垫22上还设置有与入口221连通的流道222，该流道222可以用于容纳冷却流体以使冷却流体与电池单体21进行热交换。可选地，流道222可以在制备换热垫22时直接在表面成型，也可以在换热垫22制备完成后通过开设孔槽形成流道222。当换热垫22设置在相邻的两个电池单体21之间时，流道222可以设置在换热垫22朝向电池单体21的其中一个表面，也可以同时设置在换热垫22朝向电池单体21的两个表面上。在一些实施例中，沿换热垫22的厚度方向Y，流道222的投影面积可以大于或等于换热垫22的投影面积的一半，这样可以使得冷却效果更佳，在本申请的其他实施例中，流道222的投影面积也可以设置小于换热垫22的投影面积的一半，本申请不对此作出限定。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，当有某个或者多个电池单体21的温度出现异常时，可以通过使冷却管23将冷却流体输送至换热垫22的流道222中，进入流道222中的冷却流体与电池单体21进行热交换，冷却流体通过吸热汽化的形式将电池单体21温度异常时释放的热量带走，以达到迅速给电池单体21降温的目的，避免电池单体21发生热失控后进一步发生着火、爆炸或者向邻近 的电池单体21蔓延，以确保电池2整体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，请继续参见图7，流道222包括沿换热垫22的长度方向X设置的第一流道222a和沿换热垫22的高度方向Z设置的第二流道222b，并且，长度方向X和高度方向Z相垂直，第一流道222a和第二流道222b相互连通。
第一流道222a沿换热垫22的长度方向X设置，第一流道222a用于将冷却流体沿换热垫22的长度方向X输送扩散，第二流道222b沿换热垫22的高度方向Z设置，第二流道222b用于将冷却流体沿换热垫22的高度方向Z输送扩散。通过在换热垫22的长度方向X和高度方向Z同时布置流道，这样，可以将冷却流体输送至换热垫22的大部分区域，以扩大热交换的面积。在本申请的一些实施例中，当第一流道222a和换热垫22的入口221连通时，可以在高度方向Z布置有多条第二流道222b并与第一流道222a连通，冷却流体通过在第一流道222a中流动并分流至多条第二流道222b中；在一些实施例中，也可以使第二流道222b与换热垫22的入口221连通，并设置有多条第一流道222a，多条第一流道222a和第二流道222b相互连通，冷却流体通过在第二流道222b中流动并分流至第一流道222a中；在本申请的其他一些实施例中，第一流道222a和第二流道222b可以有其他的布置方式，本申请对此不作限定。这里需要说明的是，换热垫22的长度方向X和高度方向Z相垂直，这里的垂直不是指的严格意义上的垂直，而是两个方向所成的角度接近90度。
在一些实施例中，第一流道222a和第二流道222b可以为笔直设置，也可以为弯曲设置，或者，可以使第一流道222a和第二流道222b的其中一者为笔直设置，另一者为弯曲设置，将流道222笔直布置，可以使得冷却流体较快地通过，减少流体在流道222中方向的变化，将流道222进行弯曲设置，则有利于形成较大热交换面积，同时，也可以增长流道222的长度，以加长冷却时间。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请继续参见图7，流道222包括多个第二流道222b，沿换热垫22的长度方向X，多个第二流道222b间隔设置。
在第二流道222b和第一流道222a连通的基础上，可以布置有多条第二流道222b并沿换热垫的长度方向X间隔设置，这样，可以在换热垫22上尽可能设置更多的用于供冷却流体进行热交换的区域。将多个第二流道222b间隔设置，还可以使得在换热垫22上进行热交换的区域被均匀地排布，以对电池单体21的整体进行冷却，同时，在每一条第二流道222b的外周能够保留有部分的结构用以支撑第二流道222b，当电池单体21发生膨胀时，换热垫22在受到膨胀力的作用下，不容易压缩到第二流道222b使得第二流道222b发生堵塞，影响换热垫22的冷却效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，请参见图8，图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的换热垫22的结构示意图。相邻的第二流道222b之间设置有排气通道222c，该排气通道222c用于排出冷却流体汽化后形成的气体。
区别于第一流道222a和第二流道222b，排气通道222c是用于排出冷却流体汽化后形成的气体的通道，如图8所示，排气通道222c可以不与第一流道222a和第二流道222b连通，通过气体在换热垫22中的自然扩散至排气通道222c中，并最终排出。可选地，排气通道222c也可以与第一流道222a或第二流道222b有部分连通，例如，排气通道222c可以和第二流道222b朝上的一端有连通的通孔，这样，在第二流道222b中由冷却流体吸热汽化形成的气体在上升时可以通过该通孔进入到排气通道222c中，并最终排出。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，请继续参见图7和图8，沿换热垫22的高度方向Z，第一流道222a设置在第二流道222b靠近冷却管23的一侧，第一流道222a与换热垫22的入口连通。
第一流道222a沿换热垫22的长度方向X布置，冷却流体在通过换热垫22的入口221进入到第一流道222a后可以沿第一流道222a流动布满电池单体21的长度方向X，再通过第一流道222a进入到沿换热垫22的高度方向Z排布的第二流道222b，通过这样的流道排布方式，使得冷却流体的冷却过程在电池单体21沿长度方向X的各个位置均可以发生，提高整体的冷却效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，请参见图9，图9为本申请其他一些实施例提供的换热 垫22的结构示意图。流道222还包括沿换热垫22的高度方向Z布置的第三流道222d，沿换热垫22的高度方向Z，第三流道222d设置在第一流道222a靠近冷却管23的一侧，第三流道222d与换热垫22的入口221连通，冷却流体通过第三流道222d进入第一流道222a。
第三流道222d用于将冷却流体从入口221输送至第一流道222a中，第三流道222d的布置方向和第二流道222b相同，都沿换热垫22的高度方向Z布置。在一些实施例中，换热垫22上可以包括有沿长度方向X间隔设置的第二流道222b，第三流道222d可以设置在多条第二流道222b的中间，冷却流体在第三流道222d中向第一流道222a的方向流动，并从第一流道222a再流动至第二流道222b中。通过这样的排布方式，使得换热垫22可以尽可能布满流道，以提高换热垫22的冷却效果。
在一些实施例中，第三流道222d可以是笔直的流道也可以是弯曲的流道，且其截面形状不限，其截面尺寸可以依据电池单体21的冷却需求确定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，可选地，换热垫22可以包括有多个通孔，至少部分的通孔设置在流道222的外周。
换热垫22可以为具有多个通孔(图中未示出)的多孔结构，这样，可以使冷却流体在换热垫22中可以通过通孔扩散渗透。这里的通孔可以指换热垫22的内部弥散分布着大量的有方向性的或随机的孔洞，孔洞可以是泡沫型的，藕状型的，蜂窝型的等等。具备有多个通孔的换热垫22可以采用本身即为多孔材质的材料制成，例如多孔陶瓷和多孔橡胶。换热垫22具备有多个通孔的结构可以使冷却流体在换热垫22中扩散渗透，从而增加冷却流体与电池单体21的接触面积，使冷却流体与电池单体21的热交换更充分更快速，有利于提高对电池单体21的冷却效果。
请继续参见图7至图9，在本申请的一些实施例中，流道222由换热垫22与电池单体21相对的表面S凹陷形成。
换热垫22与电池单体21相对的表面S是指换热垫22沿其厚度方向Y排布的两个表面中的任意一个，由于换热垫22夹设在相邻的两个电池单体21之间，换热垫22沿其厚度方向Y排布的两个表面都各自与相邻电池单体21中的一个相对，在两个表面中的任意一个表面S上可以朝向远离与其相对的电池单体21的方向凹陷形成流道222，可选地，也可以在两个表面都凹陷形成流道222，这样，两个表面都形成有流道222的换热垫22可以同时通过在两个表面的流道222中的冷却流体和两个电池单体21进行热交换，提高冷却效率。
在换热垫22的表面S凹陷形成流道222后，可以在凹陷的表面S设置盖板(图中未示出)，用以从换热垫22的厚度方向Y盖合换热垫22，使得流道222在换热垫22的厚度方向Y上封闭，降低水汽泄露至换热垫22以外的概率，盖板和换热垫22可以通过胶粘、插接等连接方式连接。可选地，换热垫22通过其表面S凹陷形成流道222后也可以直接夹设于相邻的电池单体21中，通过使电池单体21夹紧，电池单体21朝向换热垫22的表面可以从换热垫22的厚度方向Y上封闭流道222，使得流道222中的冷却流体不容易从该面泄露。
请参见图6，在本申请的一些实施例中，电池2还包括用于连接冷却管23的出口231和换热垫22的入口221的柔性连接件24。
将冷却管23的出口231与换热垫22的入口221采用柔性连接件24连接。柔性连接件24是指允许其连接部位发生轴向伸缩、折转和垂直轴向产生一定位移量的连接部件。例如，柔性连接件24可以是橡胶柔性接头、卡箍式柔性接头、波纹管接头等。在电池单体21膨胀引起整体在电池单体21叠加方向Y上的长度发生改变时，冷却管23的出口231与换热垫22的入口221的对应位置可能会发生错位，采用柔性连接件24连接两者，当位移发生时，柔性连接件24可以通过自身的形变以适应因电池单体20膨胀而发生的长度变化，确保冷却管23的出口231与换热垫22的入口221连接的可靠性。
请继续参见图6至图9，在本申请的一些实施例中，冷却管23还设置有用于密封出口231的热敏封口件232，热敏封口件232被配置为在电池单体21的温度达到阈值时被破坏以使出口231和入口221连通，并使冷却流体流动至流道222以冷却电池单体21。
热敏封口件232密封设置在冷却管23的出口231处，当电池单体21正常使用时，热敏封口件232能够保持对出口231的密封状态，当附近的电池单体21的温度发生异常时，热敏封口件232能够受温度影响从而被破坏，使得冷却管23的出口不再保持密封状态，冷却流体从冷却管23的出口处流出并流动至流道222中进行冷却。其中，热敏封口件232可以采用高分子材料或低熔点金属制成，高分子材料包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯以及PFA(少量全氟丙基全氟乙烯基醚与聚四氟乙烯的共聚物)等，优选熔点较低的聚丙烯。低熔点金属包括锌、锡、锑、镓金属或他们的合金组成，优选锡金属。
在一些实施例中，电池单体21设置有防爆阀211，冷却管23可以设置在防爆阀211的外周，防爆阀211被配置为在电池单体21的温度达到阈值时致动并破坏热敏封口件232。
防爆阀211是指在电池单体21的内部温度达到阈值时可以致动以排出气体的部件，由于排出的气体通常为电池单体21在失控的化学反应下产生，因此通常具备有较高的温度。使得当电池单体21在发生热失控特别是防爆阀211开启泄压时，防爆阀211附近的温度会高于电池单体21其他区域的温度，据此，将冷却管23设置在防爆阀211的外周，即防爆阀211附近的区域，这样，可以利用该部分区域释放的热量将热敏封口件232破坏，以使冷却流体顺利流出冷却管23进行冷却作业。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池，其中，包括：
    多个电池单体；
    换热垫，设置于相邻的两个所述电池单体之间，用于与所述电池单体进行热交换；以及
    冷却管，用于输送冷却流体，所述冷却管设置有多个出口，所述换热垫设置有与所述出口对应的入口，所述冷却管用于将所述冷却流体通过所述出口输送至所述换热垫的所述入口；
    其中，所述换热垫上还设置有与所述入口连通的流道，所述流道用于容纳所述冷却流体以使所述冷却流体与所述电池单体进行热交换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述流道包括沿所述换热垫的长度方向设置的第一流道和沿所述换热垫的高度方向设置的第二流道，所述长度方向和所述高度方向相垂直，所述第一流道和所述第二流道相互连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其中，所述流道包括多个所述第二流道，沿所述换热垫的所述长度方向，多个所述第二流道间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，相邻的所述第二流道之间设置有排气通道，所述排气通道用于排出所述冷却流体汽化后形成的气体。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电池，其中，沿所述换热垫的所述高度方向，所述第一流道设置在所述第二流道靠近所述冷却管的一侧，所述第一流道与所述换热垫的所述入口连通。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任一项所述的电池，其中，所述流道还包括沿所述换热垫的所述高度方向布置的第三流道，沿所述换热垫的所述高度方向，所述第三流道设置在所述第一流道靠近所述冷却管的一侧，所述第三流道与所述换热垫的所述入口连通，所述冷却流体通过所述第三流道进入所述第一流道。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述换热垫包括多个通孔，至少部分所述通孔设置于所述流道的外周。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述流道由所述换热垫与所述电池单体相对设置的表面凹陷形成。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括柔性连接件，所述柔性连接件用于连接所述冷却管的所述出口与所述换热垫的所述入口。
  10. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述冷却管还设置有用于密封所述出口的热敏封口件，所述热敏封口件被配置为在所述电池单体的温度达到阈值时被破坏以使所述出口与所述入口连通，并使所述冷却流体流动至所述流道以冷却所述电池单体。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池，其中，所述电池单体包括防爆阀，所述冷却管设置在所述防爆阀的外周，所述防爆阀被配置为在所述电池单体的温度达到所述阈值时致动并破坏所述热敏封口件。
  12. 一种使用电池的装置，其中，包括：根据权利要求11所述的电池，其中，所述电池用于提供电能。
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