WO2023024102A1 - 飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质 - Google Patents
飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023024102A1 WO2023024102A1 PCT/CN2021/115135 CN2021115135W WO2023024102A1 WO 2023024102 A1 WO2023024102 A1 WO 2023024102A1 CN 2021115135 W CN2021115135 W CN 2021115135W WO 2023024102 A1 WO2023024102 A1 WO 2023024102A1
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- aircraft
- rotor
- control method
- horizontal
- attitude
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/80—Arrangements for reacting to or preventing system or operator failure
- G05D1/85—Fail-safe operations, e.g. limp home mode
- G05D1/854—Fail-safe operations, e.g. limp home mode in response to motor or actuator failures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D31/00—Power plant control systems; Arrangement of power plant control systems in aircraft
- B64D31/02—Initiating means
- B64D31/06—Initiating means actuated automatically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
- B64C27/26—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft characterised by provision of fixed wings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
- B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
- B64C29/0025—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/20—Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/40—Control within particular dimensions
- G05D1/49—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch or yaw
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
- B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2109/00—Types of controlled vehicles
- G05D2109/20—Aircraft, e.g. drones
- G05D2109/22—Aircraft, e.g. drones with fixed wings
- G05D2109/23—Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft; Short take-off and landing [STOL, STOVL] aircraft
- G05D2109/24—Convertible aircraft, e.g. tiltrotor aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2109/00—Types of controlled vehicles
- G05D2109/20—Aircraft, e.g. drones
- G05D2109/25—Rotorcrafts
- G05D2109/254—Flying platforms, e.g. multicopters
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of aircraft, and in particular to an aircraft and its control method, control device, and storage medium.
- VTOL Vertical Take-Off and Landing
- the VTOL aircraft is equipped with a rotor device to solve the problem of the take-off and landing site.
- the rotor mode can be switched for protection.
- the present application provides an aircraft, a control method thereof, a control device, and a storage medium, which can improve the flight efficiency of an aircraft with rotors and fixed wings.
- an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise; the control method includes :
- the embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise; the control method includes :
- the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage; the control method includes:
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
- an embodiment of the present application provides a control device for an aircraft.
- the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly.
- the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage.
- the multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
- the control device includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
- an embodiment of the present application provides a control device for an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
- the control device includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
- the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- an embodiment of the present application provides a control device for an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
- the control device includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
- the embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the multi-rotor The component is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion component is located at the head or tail of the fuselage, and is used to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
- the aircraft also includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
- an embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the multi-rotor The component is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion component is located at the head or tail of the fuselage, and is used to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
- the aircraft also includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
- the working state of the horizontal thruster is controlled to change, so that the horizontal thruster assembly generates resistance.
- the embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the multi-rotor The component is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion component is located at the head or tail of the fuselage, and is used to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
- the aircraft also includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
- the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the above method.
- the embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft and its control method, control device, and storage medium.
- the control method of the aircraft provided in the embodiment of the present application controls all the rotor rotations of the multi-rotor assembly during the cruise of the aircraft, so that more The rotor assembly and the fixed wing together provide lift for the aircraft; during the cruising process of the aircraft, the rotation speed of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is controlled to adjust the attitude of the aircraft; during the cruising process of the aircraft, when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly When a failure occurs, adjust the rotating speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft; wherein, the moment modulus of the composite lift generated by all normal rotors acting on the fuselage is greater than zero, which can improve the rotor and fixed rotor.
- the flight efficiency of the winged aircraft is provided in the embodiment of the present application controls all the rotor rotations of the multi-rotor assembly during the cruise of the aircraft, so that more The rotor assembly
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application
- Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an aircraft in an embodiment
- Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an aircraft in another embodiment
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control system of an aircraft in an embodiment
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of force analysis when the aircraft is cruising
- Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of an aircraft control method provided by another embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- long-range UAVs are mostly fixed-wing and VTOL aircraft, which are used in surveying and mapping, oil inspection and other fields.
- the fixed-wing aircraft has the characteristics of excellent flight range under the same take-off weight, it cannot perform hovering operations at designated locations; at the same time, due to the mechanism of lift generation during flight, when the flight speed is lower than the stall speed, the fixed-wing aircraft will There will be a stall state, which will cause the fixed-wing aircraft to enter a dangerous and uncontrollable flight state, and there is a certain probability that it will cause an explosion; moreover, the fixed-wing aircraft has certain requirements for the take-off and landing site.
- the VTOL aircraft is equipped with a rotor device, which solves the problem of the take-off and landing site.
- the rotor mode can be switched for protection; the control during the flight in the fixed-wing mode is completed by the rudder surface of the main wing and the tail wing, and the rudder surface on the wing surface is used as the control surface.
- the dynamic system reduces the reliability of the whole machine, and the wing surface area is too large.
- the storage size of the current VTOL aircraft has a large gap compared with the rotorcraft.
- the structural coefficient of the VTOL aircraft is relatively high, which reduces the flight performance under the rotor model, battery life and wind resistance.
- the VTOL aircraft has an obvious transition state between the rotor and the fixed-wing mode; because the VTOL aircraft has a large wing surface area, low wing load, and large span, it is affected by the wind.
- the interference is greater, the hovering wind resistance performance is poor, and the conversion wind resistance performance is poor; in the transition state, when the airspeed tube and other sensors are abnormal, and the wind is disturbed, the speed of the VTOL aircraft is too low and the angle of attack is too large to cause The risk of the main wing stalling and crashing; when flying in fixed-wing mode, the rotor stops, and at this time the rotor generates no lift, only waste resistance, which also cannot adapt to low-speed high-efficiency flight.
- the inventors of the present application have improved the control method of aircraft including fixed-wing and multi-rotor, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems of existing VTOL aircraft.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the control method of the aircraft can be applied in the aircraft or the control device of the aircraft, such as a flight controller, for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft and other processes.
- the aircraft may be an unmanned aircraft, or may also be a manned aircraft.
- the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
- the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
- the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110 , a fixed wing 120 , a multi-rotor assembly 130 , and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140 .
- the fixed wings 120 are located on both sides of the fuselage 110 .
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 is installed on the fuselage 110 or the fixed wing 120 .
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
- two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
- the brackets 150 on both sides of the fixed wing 120 are respectively located on two sides of the fuselage 110 .
- the brackets 150 on both sides of the fixed wing 120 are arranged at intervals, specifically in the illustrated embodiment, the brackets 150 on both sides of the fixed wing 120 are arranged parallel to each other.
- Each support 150 is provided with at least one rotor, specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, one rotor is provided at both ends of each support 150 .
- the fixed wing 120 is arranged parallel to the pitch axis of the aircraft 100 .
- the length of the fixed wing 120 is greater than the minimum spacing of the paddle discs of the rotors on both sides of the fixed wing 120 projected on the pitch axis of the aircraft 100, and is smaller than the paddles of the rotors on both sides of the fixed wing 120.
- the maximum pitch of the disks projected on the pitch axis of the aircraft 100 Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the length of the fixed wing 120 is substantially equal to the distance between the rotation axes of the rotors on both sides of the fixed wing 120 projected on the pitch axis of the aircraft 100 .
- the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
- there is one fixed wing 120 the middle part of which is fixedly connected to the fuselage 110 , and two ends of the fixed wing 120 are respectively provided with a bracket 150 .
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
- the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- the operating conditions of the aircraft may include takeoff, cruise, landing, or may also include hovering.
- the multi-rotor assembly can be controlled to generate lift, so that the aircraft takes off under the lift provided by the multi-rotor assembly; after the aircraft takes off, the horizontal propulsion assembly is controlled to generate pull or thrust, so that the aircraft can generate a speed in the horizontal direction and realize cruise .
- the multi-rotor assembly is controlled to generate lift to offset the gravity of the aircraft.
- the lift of the multi-rotor assembly is smaller than the gravity of the aircraft.
- control method of the aircraft in the embodiment of the present application includes steps S110 to S130.
- the rotation of the multi-rotor assembly can also be controlled to generate thrust in the horizontal direction.
- the horizontal thrust required for the cruising of the aircraft can be provided by the horizontal propulsion assembly alone or by the horizontal propulsion assembly Provided together with the multi-rotor assembly, the flight efficiency is higher, the maneuverability in the horizontal direction is higher, and the acceleration is faster.
- the flow velocity of the airflow flowing through the upper and lower surfaces of the fixed wing is different, so that the fixed wing provides lift for the aircraft, and at the same time, the rotors of the multi-rotor assembly do not stop propellers.
- the rotation of the rotor can provide lift to the aircraft, so as to maintain sufficient lift for the aircraft, and even when the speed of the aircraft is cruising is low, it can still ensure that the aircraft has sufficient lift to prevent stalling. Good hover performance.
- the fixed wing in the aircraft of the embodiment of the present application has a higher lift-to-drag ratio than the traditional rotorcraft that only provides lift with the rotor, and can be used in the same environment. Provides higher lift under power and therefore can have a higher range.
- the aircraft of the embodiment of the present application can double the flight range on the basis of the same weight and size order, reduce the required power by half when flying at high speed, and reduce the power required when flying at medium and high speeds. The power changes smoothly, which can avoid the problem of a sharp increase in the power of the rotorcraft.
- the airfoil of the fixed wing can increase the proportion of lift force, thereby increasing the lift-to-drag ratio of the aircraft.
- the fixed wing provides part of the lift, and the rotation speed of the rotor can be reduced, thereby increasing the flight speed.
- the wings provide part of the lift to reduce the rotor speed, reduce the tip Mach number, and increase the flight speed.
- the rotor does not stop during cruise flight, which can improve the flight efficiency of the aircraft and make the multi-rotor assembly respond faster, such as in obstacle avoidance It is possible to brake in an emergency; the lift force jointly provided by the multi-rotor assembly and the fixed wing can be greater, so that the aircraft has a higher climb rate, so the performance of obstacle avoidance and emergency climb maneuvers is better.
- the rotational speeds of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly can be controlled to adjust at least one of the following of the aircraft: roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude.
- the pitch attitude of the aircraft can be adjusted by controlling the rotational speed difference between the front and rear rotors; the roll attitude of the aircraft can be adjusted by controlling the rotational speed difference between the left and right rotors; or the rotational speed of the diagonal rotors can be controlled to A torque difference is generated to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- the flight control force can be provided by the rotor during the cruising process of the aircraft.
- the aircraft may not be provided with tail components and/or the fixed wing may not be provided with rudder surfaces or outer wing sections, so the mechanical structure is simple and the reliability is high.
- canceling the rudder surface is equivalent to reducing the unreliability of the aircraft control system and reducing the investment in maintaining the control system, that is, the design without the rudder surface can improve the reliability of the aircraft; It has better wind resistance when stopped.
- the aircraft can have a smaller storage and deployment size and lighter weight, and the assembly and storage time and size of the whole machine can be greatly reduced.
- the fixed wing is provided with a rudder surface, which can be controlled to act as a flap to increase wing lift during low-speed flight and reduce low-speed flight power consumption; the rudder surface and multi-rotor assembly can also be controlled to increase The control moment modulus of the aircraft in the high-speed flight state, such as at least one of the moment modulus, the pitching moment modulus and the yaw moment modulus. Or when the rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, the rudder surface is controlled to adjust the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- the airfoil of the fixed wing can increase the proportion of lift force, thereby increasing the lift-to-drag ratio of the aircraft.
- the moment modulus of the composite lift generated by all the normal rotors acting on the fuselage is greater than zero, including at least one of the following: the composite lift generated by all the normal rotors is larger than the fuselage The moment modulus of the pitch axis of all said normal rotors is greater than zero; the moment modulus of all said normal rotors produces compound lift compared to the pitch axis of said fuselage is greater than zero; all said normal rotors produce compound lifts compared to The moment modulus of the roll axis of the fuselage is greater than zero.
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft can be controlled; when the compound lift produced by all the normal rotors is greater than zero when compared to the moment modulus of the heading axis of the fuselage, the yaw attitude of the aircraft can be controlled; when all the When the compound lift generated by the normal rotor is greater than zero compared to the moment modulus of the roll axis of the fuselage, the roll attitude of the aircraft can be controlled.
- the multi-rotor assembly includes a plurality of rotors distributed on both sides of the fixed wing.
- the rotors When one of the rotors breaks down, all the rotors on one side of the fixed wing are controlled to stop working, and all the rotors on the other side of the fixed wing are controlled to work normally, so as to adjust the aircraft attitude and enable the aircraft to fly smoothly.
- all the rotors located on the other side of the fixed wing are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fuselage of the aircraft.
- rotors 130a in the multi-rotor assembly break down, adjust the rotational speeds of the first rotor 130b and the second rotor 130c arranged on both sides of the fuselage to control the attitude of the aircraft , such as one or more of roll attitude, pitch attitude, and yaw attitude.
- the rotation speed of multiple rotors with coaxial dual propellers on the fuselage can be adjusted to control the attitude of the aircraft.
- the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fuselage are adjusted to control the roll attitude of the aircraft, pitch attitude and yaw attitude.
- the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the four rotors; when the aircraft head When one or both of the two rotors provided on both sides fails, the speed of the two rotors arranged on both sides of the tail of the aircraft can be adjusted to control the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft; When one or both of the two rotors arranged on both sides of the tail of the aircraft fails, the speed of the two rotors arranged on both sides of the head of the aircraft can be adjusted to control the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw of the aircraft attitude.
- the fixed wing 140 is basically disposed in the middle of the fuselage 110 , which can improve the attitude stability of the aircraft.
- G represents the gravity of the aircraft
- L represents the lift of the fixed wing
- Fm represents the composite lift of the first rotor and the second rotor.
- the rotor installation angle of one or more rotors in the multi-rotor assembly 130 is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees, so as to improve flight efficiency.
- the rotor fit angle is the angle between the chord line of the blades in one or more of the rotors and the horizontal plane.
- the center of gravity of the aircraft is located at the point of action of the lift L of the fixed wing and the first rotor and the second rotor.
- the attitude of the aircraft can be controlled by only relying on part of the rotor during the cruise of the aircraft.
- the adjusting the rotational speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft includes: adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor disposed on both sides of the fuselage, and controlling the The speed of rotation of the horizontal propulsion assembly is controlled to keep the aircraft stable.
- the center of gravity of the aircraft is located between the action point of the lift L of the fixed wing and the action point of the composite lift Fm of the first rotor and the second rotor.
- the adjusting the rotational speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft includes: simultaneously adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor disposed on both sides of the fuselage to control The pitch attitude of the aircraft.
- Fig. 3 when the moment modulus length difference between the lift L of the fixed wing and the composite lift Fm of the first rotor and the second rotor acting on the center of gravity of the aircraft is not zero, the aircraft is Adjust the pitch attitude under the action.
- the pitch of the aircraft increases, and the head is raised; when the component of the lift L of the fixed wing in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage acts on the center of gravity of the aircraft, the moment modulus length is smaller than that of the component of the composite lift Fm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage acting on the center of gravity of the aircraft.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft decreases and the head is depressed; when the component of the lift force L of the fixed wing acts on the center of gravity of the aircraft in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage, the length of the moment modulus is equal to the composite lift force Fm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage
- the pitch angle of the aircraft can be zero when the component of is acting on the moment modulus of the center of gravity of the aircraft.
- the first rotor when adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor arranged on both sides of the fuselage to control the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft, the first rotor can be increased or decreased at the same time.
- the rotational speed of the rotor and the second rotor for example, controlling the rotational speed of the first rotor to be equal to the rotational speed of the second rotor can reduce the coupling degree with the roll attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft and improve safety.
- the adjusting the rotational speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft includes: adjusting the rotational speed difference between the first rotor and the second rotor disposed on both sides of the fuselage, to control the roll attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- the moment modulus of the lift force of the first rotor and the lift force of the second rotor acting on the aircraft is not equal, so The moment modulus difference between the lift force of the first rotor and the lift force of the second rotor acting on the aircraft can change the attitude of the aircraft, specifically, the roll attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft can be adjusted.
- the aircraft rolls and yaws to the right; when the rotation speed of the left rotor is lower than the rotation speed of the right rotor, the aircraft rolls and yaws to the left;
- the rotation speed of the left rotor is equal to the rotation speed of the right rotor, the roll angle of the aircraft can be zero and the yaw angle remains unchanged.
- the normal flight of the aircraft can still be maintained when some rotors in the multi-rotor assembly fail, which improves the safety performance of the aircraft and prevents rotor failure.
- the aircraft lost control and crashed.
- control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, when a deceleration command is received, controlling the working state of the horizontal propeller to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- the resistance is the resistance during the forward flight of the UAV.
- controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal propeller includes at least one of the following: changing the rotation speed of the horizontal propeller, changing the rotation direction of the horizontal propeller, and changing the attitude of the horizontal propeller.
- the rotational speed and/or the direction of rotation of the horizontal propeller is controlled, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- the attitude of the horizontal thruster is changed, for example, the blades of the horizontal thruster are tilted, so that the blades of the horizontal thruster form a hinder, create resistance.
- the deceleration command may be sent by the terminal device according to the user's operation, or may also be generated by the aircraft, such as a deceleration command generated when it is determined that obstacle avoidance is required, and of course it is not limited thereto.
- the rotational speed of the horizontal propeller may be controlled to decrease, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- the rotational speed of the horizontal propeller is controlled to decrease so that the pulling force or thrust provided by the horizontal propeller is smaller than the windage resistance of the horizontal propeller, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance to decelerate the aircraft.
- the rotational speed of the horizontal propeller may be controlled according to the current airspeed of the aircraft, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance. For example, determine the current wind resistance of the horizontal thruster according to the current airspeed of the aircraft, and control the speed reduction of the horizontal thruster according to the current wind resistance of the horizontal thruster, so that the pulling force or thrust provided by the horizontal thruster is less than The current windage of the horizontal thruster.
- the horizontal propeller can be controlled to rotate in reverse, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- the horizontal thruster at the rear of the aircraft is controlled to rotate in reverse, so that the horizontal thruster produces a backward pulling force, and the aircraft decelerates.
- controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal thruster so that the horizontal thruster assembly generates resistance includes: stopping power supply to the horizontal thruster assembly so that the horizontal thruster rotates under the action of airflow .
- the blades of the horizontal propulsion assembly can rotate along the direction of the airflow, which has a resistance effect on the wind and generates resistance.
- electrical braking can be performed on the horizontal propulsion component, such as reverse connection braking, dynamic braking, capacitive braking, and regenerative braking, to increase resistance so as to quickly respond to the deceleration command.
- the working state of the horizontal thruster is controlled to change so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance; and when the deceleration is completed, the control The working state of the horizontal propeller is changed to provide the aircraft with horizontal thrust for cruising.
- the horizontal propeller can not only be used to generate resistance when decelerating, but also provide horizontal thrust when cruising, so that the aircraft can maintain a constant speed or accelerate, so the maneuverability of the aircraft is better.
- the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance, so that the deceleration command can be responded more quickly, the obstacle avoidance performance is improved, and the safety is better.
- control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, simultaneously controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft and the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly to accelerate or Decelerate, and after the acceleration or deceleration is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising.
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft is also controlled simultaneously, and the horizontal component of the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly is used to improve the efficiency of acceleration or deceleration.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease at the same time, the head is lowered, and the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pushes the aircraft to accelerate in the horizontal direction;
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is simultaneously controlled to increase, and the head Elevate, the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pulls the aircraft in the horizontal direction to slow down.
- the pitch attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising, the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly is opposite to the direction of gravity, and the aircraft can enter a constant speed and stable flight.
- the pitch angle is used to indicate the angle between the body axis (along the nose direction) and the ground plane (horizontal plane). When the aircraft is cruising horizontally, the pitch angle is zero. When the aircraft bows down, the pitch angle is negative. , the pitch angle is positive.
- control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, simultaneously controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft and the rotation of the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received speed change command and altitude change command speed to accelerate or decelerate to improve the efficiency of acceleration or deceleration; and after the acceleration or deceleration is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is changed in response to the altitude change command, and when the altitude adjustment is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is changed. Returns the state of horizontal cruise.
- the acceleration and deceleration can be accelerated and the maneuverability is better; after the acceleration, deceleration and height adjustment are completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising, It can facilitate the smooth flight of the aircraft.
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft may continue to be adjusted in response to the altitude change command, for example, by controlling the rotation speed of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly to adjust the pitching attitude of the aircraft, or when the When at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjust the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor located on both sides of the fuselage to control the pitch attitude of the aircraft, so that the aircraft can rise or Descending flight altitude.
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising, and the aircraft can enter a steady flight at a constant speed.
- control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, simultaneously controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft and the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft The speed of rotation and the lift generated by the rotor assembly.
- the changing the flight state of the aircraft includes at least one of the following: changing the speed of the aircraft, changing the altitude of the aircraft, and changing the attitude of the aircraft.
- the instruction for changing the speed of the aircraft may be called a speed change instruction
- the instruction for changing the altitude of the aircraft may be called an altitude change instruction
- the instruction for changing the attitude of the aircraft may be called an attitude change order.
- the command to change the flight state of the aircraft received at the same time may include one of a speed change command, an altitude change command, and an attitude change command, or may also include multiple types.
- the cruise speed of the aircraft can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly, and the aircraft can be accelerated or decelerated faster; changes in the speed of the aircraft cause changes in the lift of the fixed wing, and the lift of the fixed wing is consistent with the lift produced by the rotor assembly.
- the lift will cause the altitude of the aircraft to change, which can make the aircraft rise or fall faster; when the pitch angle of the aircraft is not zero, under other preset parameters, the aircraft can be made faster by controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft. Rising or descending; when the pitch angle of the aircraft is not zero, the efficiency of cruising speed acceleration or deceleration can be improved by using the horizontal component of the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly.
- the aircraft can respond to commands faster, for example, when the aircraft accelerates or decelerates, by simultaneously controlling the aircraft
- the pitch attitude of the aircraft can make the aircraft accelerate or decelerate faster; or when the aircraft ascends or descends, the aircraft can be raised or descended faster by controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft at the same time, thereby improving the maneuverability of the aircraft.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration of the aircraft.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to be positive, that is, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to increase, and the head is raised, which can be more Fast deceleration;
- the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command is a positive number, that is, when the aircraft is instructed to accelerate, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to be negative, that is, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease, and the head is lowered, which can be more Accelerate quickly.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft when accelerating is smaller than the pitch angle when the aircraft is decelerating.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to increase, and the aircraft can ascend faster and decelerate faster;
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease, so that the aircraft can descend faster and accelerate faster.
- the instructions of the flight state of the aircraft include altitude instructions and speed instructions, and the adjustment modes of the two are divided into three types, (1) both are adjusted at the same time; (2) the speed is adjusted first, and the height is adjusted later; (3) ) to adjust the altitude first, and then adjust the speed.
- the altitude and speed of the aircraft tend to the target altitude and target speed indicated by the command.
- the aircraft receives an acceleration and ascent command, the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to accelerate, and the aircraft simultaneously ascends; when the aircraft receives a deceleration and descent command, the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to decelerate, and The aircraft performs a descending motion simultaneously.
- the speed of the aircraft tends to the target speed indicated by the command first, and then the altitude of the aircraft tends to the target altitude indicated by the command.
- the aircraft receives acceleration and ascent commands, the aircraft first adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to accelerate, and the altitude of the aircraft remains unchanged.
- the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to decelerate, and the altitude of the aircraft remains unchanged. After the aircraft completes the speed adjustment, adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to perform descent movement.
- the altitude of the aircraft tends to the target speed indicated by the command first, and then the speed of the aircraft tends to the target altitude indicated by the command.
- the aircraft receives acceleration and ascent commands, the aircraft first adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to ascend, and the speed of the aircraft remains unchanged.
- the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to descend, and the speed of the aircraft remains unchanged. After the aircraft completes the altitude adjustment, adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to perform deceleration.
- the control when the speed is adjusted first and the altitude is adjusted later, when the control is performed according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft, if the received instruction instructs the aircraft to accelerate and change the altitude or maintain the altitude, After the acceleration is completed, the altitude of the aircraft is lower than the altitude indicated by the received instruction (the altitude after the change or the altitude maintained). If the received command instructs the aircraft to decelerate and change altitude or maintain the same altitude, the altitude of the aircraft after the deceleration is completed is higher than the altitude indicated by the instruction (altitude after change or altitude maintained).
- the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly is controlled to accelerate and the pitch angle of the aircraft is reduced to accelerate as soon as possible; Accelerate During the process, the pitch angle of the aircraft decreases, that is, the aircraft responds to the speed change command first.
- the altitude of the aircraft is lower than the altitude indicated by the altitude change command; after the acceleration is completed, the aircraft can continue to be adjusted according to the altitude change command. the height of.
- the speed change command instructs the aircraft to decelerate
- the altitude is higher than the altitude indicated by the altitude change instruction; after the deceleration is completed, the altitude of the aircraft can be continued to be adjusted according to the altitude change instruction.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is adjusted according to the altitude command and the speed command.
- Different combinations of height commands and speed commands indicate different pitch angles of the target, including positive, negative or horizontal.
- control method further includes: after the received command changes the flight state of the aircraft, returning the pitch attitude of the aircraft to a state of horizontal cruising.
- the control method further includes: after the received command changes the flight state of the aircraft, returning the pitch attitude of the aircraft to a state of horizontal cruising.
- the controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft includes: changing the command and altitude according to the received speed change command
- the change command determines the first target pitch angle; the pitch compensation amount is determined according to the speed change command; the second target pitch angle is determined according to the sum of the first target pitch angle and the pitch compensation amount; the second target pitch angle is determined according to the second target pitch angle angle, controlling the pitch angle of the aircraft to approach the second target pitch angle.
- the pitch compensation amount is negatively correlated with the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command.
- the pitch compensation amount is a negative value
- the speed change instruction indicates that the aircraft decelerates
- the pitch compensation amount is a positive value. It can be understood that when the aircraft accelerates, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease, the head is lowered, and the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pushes the aircraft to accelerate in the horizontal direction; when the aircraft is decelerated, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to increase, and the head is raised , the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pulls the aircraft to slow down in the horizontal direction.
- the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and height change command includes: based on the correspondence between the preset first target pitch angle and the speed change command and height change command, according to The received speed change command and altitude change command determine the first target pitch angle.
- the correspondence between the preset first target pitch angle and the speed change command and the height change command is stored in the database, and the received speed change command and height change command can be queried in the database to obtain all The pitch angle of the first target.
- the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and height change command includes: based on a preset optimization model, determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and height change command .
- the control parameters such as the target pitch angle determined based on the preset optimization model can ensure that the aircraft flies stably within the full flight envelope and has good control quality.
- the aircraft has multiple stable cruising states.
- the flight angle of attack of the aircraft at a stable speed can be varied.
- the power of the aircraft in different cruising states is inconsistent.
- the preset optimization model determines the Control parameters such as the target pitch angle can make the aircraft fly at the best cruising power.
- the preset state quantities of the optimization model include speed change instructions, altitude change instructions, first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust. It can be understood that the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust can control the height and speed of the aircraft, and the optimization model can determine the optimal first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust corresponding to the speed change command and the height change command. thrust.
- the expressions of the corresponding pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust can be determined according to the speed change command and the altitude change command, and according to the expressions of the pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust and the state quantities of the optimization model
- the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust can determine the value of the objective function, and through optimization, the optimized state quantity can be obtained, that is, the better first target pitch corresponding to the speed change command and the altitude change command Angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
- the objective function of the optimization model includes at least one of the following: power demand, response time, actuator output variation, and actuator power.
- the power demand corresponding to the speed change command and the height change command is determined, and by introducing the power demand factor when solving the better first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust, the determined
- the control parameters can make the aircraft fly at the best cruising power.
- the power model function can be obtained by measuring the power values of the rotor motor and the motor of the horizontal propulsion assembly at different flight angles of attack and at different speeds in a wind tunnel experiment.
- the constraints of the optimization model include at least one of the following: flight angle of attack constraints, flight state constraints, and motion range constraints.
- the control parameters such as the target pitch angle determined based on the preset optimization model can have higher safety performance.
- the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft includes: Adjust the rotation speed of the rotors in the multi-rotor assembly according to the rotor lift determined by the received speed change command and altitude change command; and/or adjust the horizontal thrust determined by the received speed change command and altitude change command.
- the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust may be determined according to the received speed change command and height change command based on the preset correspondence between the rotor lift and horizontal thrust and the speed change command and altitude change command.
- the correspondence between the preset first target pitch angle, rotor lift, horizontal thrust, speed change command and height change command is stored in the database, and according to the received speed change command and height change command in The database can be queried to obtain the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
- the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust may be determined according to the received speed change command and altitude change command.
- the preset state quantities of the optimization model include speed change instructions, altitude change instructions, first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
- the objective function of the optimization model includes at least one of the following: power demand, response time, actuator output variation, and actuator power.
- the constraints of the optimization model include at least one of the following: flight angle of attack constraints, flight state constraints, and motion range constraints.
- the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift, and horizontal thrust are determined according to the received speed change command and altitude change command, and according to the speed change
- the command determines the pitch compensation amount, and determines the second target pitch angle ⁇ 2 according to the sum of the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1 and the pitch compensation amount; for example, the pitch compensation amount can be determined according to the speed change instruction based on a compensation model,
- the compensation model is used to indicate that the pitch compensation amount is negatively correlated with the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft can be controlled to approach the second target pitch angle based on the pitch controller, for example, it can be realized by a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller;
- the rotation speed of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is used to adjust the pitch attitude of the aircraft, or during the cruising process of the aircraft, when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjust the The rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor are set to control the pitch attitude of the aircraft.
- the horizontal thrust can be determined according to the speed change instruction based on the speed controller, for example, the speed and/or rotation direction of the horizontal thruster can be controlled according to the horizontal thrust output by the speed controller and/or the horizontal thrust output by the optimization model.
- the rotation speed of the multi-rotor assembly is controlled according to the rotor lift output by the optimization model.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the force experienced by the aircraft during cruising.
- L represents the lift generated by the fixed wing
- D represents the resistance generated by the fixed wing
- Fm represents the lift generated by the multi-rotor assembly
- T represents the thrust generated by the horizontal propulsion assembly
- G represents the gravity of the aircraft
- X_g represents the horizontal axis of the ground axis
- X_b Indicates the vertical axis of the body shaft system
- V indicates the airspeed of the aircraft
- alpha ( ⁇ ) indicates the angle of attack of the fixed wing
- theta ( ⁇ ) indicates the pitch angle of the aircraft
- Mmy indicates the modulus of the pitching moment.
- q represents the pitch rate
- ⁇ represents the track inclination angle
- m represents the mass of the aircraft
- ⁇ F x represents the sum of the force on the aircraft in the horizontal direction
- ⁇ F z represents the sum of the forces on the longitudinal direction of the aircraft
- the longitudinal dynamics equations of the aircraft are an underdetermined equations, and there are many stable states. For each stable state, the power and flight efficiency of the aircraft are different.
- the lift L increases.
- the angle of attack ⁇ of the aircraft it is necessary to adjust the angle of attack ⁇ of the aircraft or reduce the rotor thrust Fm.
- the rotor lift Fm decreases, the rotor motor speed will be too low, and even power saturation will occur, which cannot provide sufficient pitching moment modulus and rolling moment modulus length to maintain the stability of the aircraft attitude.
- the optimization model can determine the control force Fx and the control force Fz in the vertical direction (vertical direction) that need to act on the aircraft according to the altitude change command and each speed change command, and according to the control force Fx and the control force Fz Determine the corresponding first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift and horizontal thrust; due to the existence of the above underdetermined equations, after a given control force, there will be multiple values for the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift and horizontal thrust , after different values act on the aircraft, there will be different flight power.
- the following optimization problem can be used to solve the most reasonable first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift and horizontal thrust:
- the state quantities of the optimization problem include the track inclination angle ⁇ , the speed change command V, the first target pitch angle ⁇ , the rotor lift F m and the horizontal thrust T, where the track inclination angle ⁇ can be determined according to the speed change command V and the altitude change command , the state quantity can be expressed as:
- the objective function of the optimization problem can be expressed as:
- the purpose of this objective function is to allow the aircraft to provide the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust required by the speed change command and altitude change command with the minimum energy requirement.
- P(x) power(x), which is the power model function of the aircraft, by measuring the power values of the rotor motor and the tail thruster motor under different flight angles of attack and different speeds in the wind tunnel experiment, it can be approximated
- F x (x) and F z (x) are the calculation functions of the combined external force in the horizontal and vertical directions of the aircraft, expressed as follows:
- K 1 and K 2 are weights, which are used to adjust the weight of the error of the horizontal combined external force and vertical combined external force in the optimization problem .
- constraints need to be met, so that the solution obtained can conform to the real motion of the aircraft.
- the constraints can be expressed by the following two equations;
- equation (1) restricts the flight angle of attack of the aircraft through the pitch angle lower limit ⁇ min and the pitch angle upper limit ⁇ max ,
- equation (2) is the aircraft The state and the output are clipped, lb represents the preset first state vector, and ub represents the preset second state vector.
- the first target required when the aircraft obtains the control force in the horizontal direction and the control force in the vertical direction (vertical direction) under any speed change command and altitude change command Pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
- the longitudinal control of the aircraft is realized.
- the pitch compensation amount may not be determined based on the compensation model according to the speed change command, and the pitch compensation amount is added to the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, so that the aircraft can be in a more economical cruise state.
- the pitch compensation amount is determined according to the speed change command based on the compensation model, and is added to the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1 according to the pitch compensation amount, that is, the speed change command is added to the feedforward channel of the pitch angle , which can increase the maneuverability of the aircraft during acceleration and deceleration.
- the feedforward channel shown by the dotted line is a nonlinear incomplete differential link, and its transfer function can be expressed as:
- K(V cmd , V cur ) is a function related to the current airspeed V cur of the aircraft and the speed change command V cmd , understandably, it can increase the maneuverability of the aircraft during acceleration and deceleration.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the control method of the aircraft can be applied in the aircraft or the control device of the aircraft, such as a flight controller, for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft and other processes.
- the aircraft may be an unmanned aircraft, or may also be a manned aircraft.
- the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
- the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
- the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110, a fixed wing 120, a multi-rotor assembly 130, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
- two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
- the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
- the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- control method of the aircraft includes steps S210 to S230.
- controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal propeller includes at least one of the following: changing the rotation speed of the horizontal propeller, changing the rotation direction of the horizontal propeller, and changing the attitude of the horizontal propeller.
- controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal propeller so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance includes: controlling the rotation speed of the horizontal propeller to decrease or controlling the horizontal propeller to reverse rotation to causing the horizontal propulsion assembly to generate resistance.
- controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal thruster so that the horizontal thruster assembly generates resistance includes:
- control method also includes:
- the working state of the horizontal thruster is controlled to change, so as to provide the aircraft with horizontal thrust for cruising.
- control method also includes:
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly are simultaneously controlled to accelerate or decelerate according to the speed change command received, and after the acceleration or deceleration is completed, the return the pitch attitude of the aircraft to the state of level cruise; or
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft is changed in response to the altitude change command, and when the altitude adjustment is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising.
- control method also includes:
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
- the changing the flight state of the aircraft includes at least one of the following: changing the speed of the aircraft, changing the altitude of the aircraft, and changing the attitude of the aircraft.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration of the aircraft.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft when accelerating is smaller than the pitch angle when the aircraft is decelerating.
- the altitude of the aircraft after the acceleration is completed is lower than The altitude indicated by the command.
- the altitude of the aircraft after the deceleration is completed is higher than The altitude indicated by the command.
- the fixed wing is basically arranged in the middle of the fuselage.
- the rotor installation angle of one or more rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees.
- control of the pitch attitude of the aircraft includes: when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor arranged on both sides of the fuselage to Controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft; wherein, the moment modulus of the compound lift generated by the first rotor and the second rotor acting on the fuselage is greater than zero.
- control method also includes:
- the pitch attitude of the aircraft is returned to a state of horizontal cruising.
- the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance, so that the deceleration command can be responded more quickly, and the avoidance can be lifted. fault performance, better security.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the control method of the aircraft can be applied in the aircraft or the control device of the aircraft, such as a flight controller, for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft and other processes.
- the aircraft may be an unmanned aircraft, or may also be a manned aircraft.
- the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
- the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
- the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110, a fixed wing 120, a multi-rotor assembly 130, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
- two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
- the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
- the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- control method of the aircraft in the embodiment of the present application includes steps S310 to S330.
- the changing the flight state of the aircraft includes at least one of the following: changing the speed of the aircraft, changing the altitude of the aircraft, and changing the attitude of the aircraft.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration of the aircraft.
- the pitch angle of the aircraft when accelerating is smaller than the pitch angle when the aircraft is decelerating.
- the altitude of the aircraft after the acceleration is completed is lower than The altitude indicated by the command.
- the altitude of the aircraft after the deceleration is completed is higher than The altitude indicated by the command.
- controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft includes:
- the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to tend to the second target pitch angle.
- the pitch compensation amount when the speed change command instructs the aircraft to accelerate, the pitch compensation amount is a negative value; when the speed change command instructs the aircraft to decelerate, the pitch compensation amount is a positive value.
- the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and altitude change command includes:
- the first target pitch angle is determined according to the received speed change command and height change command.
- the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and altitude change command includes:
- the first target pitch angle is determined according to the received speed change command and altitude change command.
- the state quantity of the preset optimization model includes speed change command, height change command, first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
- the objective function of the optimization model includes at least one of the following: power demand, response time, actuator output change, and actuator power.
- constraints of the optimization model include at least one of the following: flight angle of attack constraints, flight state constraints, and motion range constraints.
- the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft includes:
- the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly is adjusted according to the horizontal thrust determined by the received speed change command and altitude change command.
- the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft further includes:
- the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust are determined according to the received speed change command and height change command.
- the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft further includes:
- the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust are determined according to the received speed change command and height change command.
- the fixed wing is basically arranged in the middle of the fuselage.
- the rotor installation angle of one or more rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees.
- control of the pitch attitude of the aircraft includes: when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor arranged on both sides of the fuselage to Controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft; wherein, the moment modulus of the compound lift generated by the first rotor and the second rotor acting on the fuselage is greater than zero.
- control method also includes:
- the pitch attitude of the aircraft is returned to a state of horizontal cruising.
- the control method of the aircraft controls the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotation of the horizontal propulsion assembly simultaneously according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft during the cruise of the aircraft Speed and the lift generated by the rotor assembly, by controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft, the aircraft can respond to speed change commands and/or altitude change commands faster, improving the maneuverability of the aircraft.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft control device 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
- the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
- the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110, a fixed wing 120, a multi-rotor assembly 130, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
- two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
- the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
- the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
- the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- the control device 600 includes one or more processors 601 , and the one or more processors 601 work individually or jointly, and are used to execute the aforementioned aircraft control method.
- control device 600 further includes a memory 602 .
- processor 601 and the memory 602 are connected through a bus 603, such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
- bus 603 such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
- the processor 601 may be a micro-controller unit (Micro-controller Unit, MCU), a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), etc.
- MCU Micro-controller Unit
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the memory 602 may be a Flash chip, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) disk, an optical disk, a U disk, or a mobile hard disk.
- the processor 601 is used to run the computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the aforementioned control method of the aircraft when executing the computer program.
- the processor 601 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
- the processor 601 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
- the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- the processor 601 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the aircraft control method provided in the above-mentioned embodiments A step of.
- the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the control device described in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as a hard disk or a memory of the control device.
- the computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the control device, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the control device, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD ) card, flash memory card (Flash Card), etc.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft 700 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the aircraft 700 includes a fuselage 710, a fixed wing 720, a multi-rotor assembly 730, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 740.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 740 is located at the head or tail of the fuselage 710 , and is used to provide the aircraft 700 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
- two sides of the fixed wing 720 are symmetrically connected with brackets, and the multi-rotor assembly 730 is connected to the brackets.
- the number of fixed wings 720 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 720 may be integrated with the fuselage 710 , for example, adopt a wing-body combination configuration.
- the multi-rotor assembly 730 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
- the horizontal propulsion assembly 740 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
- the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 740 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
- the aircraft 700 includes one or more processors 701 , and the one or more processors 701 work individually or jointly for executing the aforementioned control method of the aircraft.
- the aircraft 700 also includes a memory 702 .
- processor 701 and the memory 702 are connected through a bus 703, such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
- bus 703 such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
- the processor 701 may be a micro-controller unit (Micro-controller Unit, MCU), a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), etc.
- MCU Micro-controller Unit
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the memory 702 may be a Flash chip, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) disk, an optical disk, a U disk, or a mobile hard disk.
- the processor 701 is used for running the computer program stored in the memory 702, and implementing the aforementioned control method of the aircraft when executing the computer program.
- the processor 701 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 702, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
- the processor 701 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 702, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
- the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
- the processor 701 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 702, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
- the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements The steps of the aircraft control method provided in the above embodiments.
- the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the aircraft described in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as a hard disk or a memory of the aircraft.
- the computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the aircraft, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the aircraft, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card , flash memory card (Flash Card) and so on.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (74)
- 一种飞行器的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制方法包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零,包括如下至少一种:所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的俯仰轴的力矩模长大于零;所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的航向轴的力矩模长大于零;所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的横滚轴的力矩模长大于零。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以及控制所述水平推进组件的转动速度,以控制所述飞行器保持平稳。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:同时调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞 行器的俯仰姿态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速发生转速差,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态和偏航姿态。
- 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
- 根据权利要求6所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
- 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器的重心位于所述固定翼的升力的作用点与所述第一旋翼和所述第二旋翼的复合升力的作用点之间。
- 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
- 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变包括如下至少一种:改变所述水平推进器的转速,改变所述水平推进器的转动方向,所述水平推进器的姿态。
- 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:控制所述水平推进器的转速降低或者控制所述水平推进器反向转动,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
- 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:停止向所述水平推进组件供电,以使所述水平推进器在气流作用下转动。
- 根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:当减速完成后,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,为所述飞行器提供 巡航的水平推力。
- 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,并在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态;或在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,以及在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态响应于高度变化指令进行变化,当高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
- 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
- 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
- 根据权利要求14或15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
- 根据权利要求17所述的控制方法,其特征在于,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求14或15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
- 根据权利要求14或15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
- 根据权利要求14-20中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度,包括:根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度;根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量;根据所述第一目标俯仰角度和所述俯仰补偿量的和确定第二目标俯仰角度;根据所述第二目标俯仰角度,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度趋向所述第二目标俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求21所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,所述俯仰补偿量为负值;所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,所述俯仰补偿量为正值。
- 根据权利要求21所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:基于预设的第一目标俯仰角度与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述第一目标俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求21所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求24所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述预设的优化模型的状态量包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
- 根据权利要求24所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的目标函数包括以下至少一项:功率需求、响应时间、执行器输出变化、执行器功率。
- 根据权利要求24所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的约束 条件包括以下至少一项:飞行迎角约束、飞行状态约束、动作幅度约束。
- 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,包括:根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的旋翼升力,调节所述多旋翼组件中旋翼的转速;和/或根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的水平推力,调节所述水平推进组件的转动速度。
- 根据权利要求28所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:基于预设的旋翼升力和水平推力与速度变化指令和高度变化指令的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
- 根据权利要求28所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
- 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
- 一种飞行器的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制方法包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调 整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
- 根据权利要求32所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变包括如下至少一种:改变所述水平推进器的转速,改变所述水平推进器的转动方向,所述水平推进器的姿态。
- 根据权利要求32所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:控制所述水平推进器的转速降低或者控制所述水平推进器反向转动,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
- 根据权利要求32所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:停止向所述水平推进组件供电,以使所述水平推进器在气流作用下转动。
- 根据权利要求32-35中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:当减速完成后,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力。
- 根据权利要求32-36中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,并在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态;或在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,以及在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态响应于高度变化指令进行变化,当高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
- 根据权利要求32-36中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
- 根据权利要求38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
- 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
- 根据权利要求40所述的控制方法,其特征在于,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
- 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
- 根据权利要求32-43中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
- 根据权利要求44所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
- 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,包括:当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态;其中,所述第一旋翼和第二旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
- 根据权利要求38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
- 一种飞行器的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部;所述控制方法包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
- 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
- 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
- 根据权利要求50所述的控制方法,其特征在于,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
- 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速 及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
- 根据权利要求48-53中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度,包括:根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度;根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量;根据所述第一目标俯仰角度和所述俯仰补偿量的和确定第二目标俯仰角度;根据所述第二目标俯仰角度,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度趋向所述第二目标俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求54所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,所述俯仰补偿量为负值;所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,所述俯仰补偿量为正值。
- 根据权利要求54所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:基于预设的第一目标俯仰角度与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述第一目标俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求54所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度。
- 根据权利要求57所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述预设的优化模型的状态量包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
- 根据权利要求57所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的目标函数包括以下至少一项:功率需求、响应时间、执行器输出变化、执行器功率。
- 根据权利要求57所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的约束条件包括以下至少一项:飞行迎角约束、飞行状态约束、动作幅度约束。
- 根据权利要求48-60中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据 接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,包括:根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的旋翼升力,调节所述多旋翼组件中旋翼的转速;和/或根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的水平推力,调节所述水平推进组件的转动速度。
- 根据权利要求61所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:基于预设的旋翼升力和水平推力与速度变化指令和高度变化指令的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
- 根据权利要求61所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
- 根据权利要求48-63中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
- 根据权利要求64所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
- 根据权利要求48-63中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,包括:当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态;其中,所述第一旋翼和第二旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
- 根据权利要求48-63中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰 姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
- 一种飞行器的控制装置,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
- 一种飞行器的控制装置,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
- 一种飞行器的控制装置,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头 部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
- 一种飞行器,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
- 一种飞行器,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
- 一种飞行器,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时使所述处理器实现:如权利要求1-31中任一项所述的飞行器的控制方法;或者如权利要求32-47中任一项所述的飞行器的控制方法;或者如权利要求48-67中任一项所述的飞行器的控制方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12539975B2 (en) | 2026-02-03 |
| EP4345001A4 (en) | 2024-06-12 |
| US20240199219A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
| EP4345001B1 (en) | 2025-10-15 |
| CN117715827A (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
| EP4345001A1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
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