WO2023024102A1 - 飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质 - Google Patents

飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023024102A1
WO2023024102A1 PCT/CN2021/115135 CN2021115135W WO2023024102A1 WO 2023024102 A1 WO2023024102 A1 WO 2023024102A1 CN 2021115135 W CN2021115135 W CN 2021115135W WO 2023024102 A1 WO2023024102 A1 WO 2023024102A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aircraft
rotor
control method
horizontal
attitude
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/115135
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
闫晓坤
张子豪
陈晨
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd filed Critical SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2021/115135 priority Critical patent/WO2023024102A1/zh
Priority to EP21954625.6A priority patent/EP4345001B1/en
Priority to CN202180100504.9A priority patent/CN117715827A/zh
Publication of WO2023024102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023024102A1/zh
Priority to US18/430,678 priority patent/US12539975B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/80Arrangements for reacting to or preventing system or operator failure
    • G05D1/85Fail-safe operations, e.g. limp home mode
    • G05D1/854Fail-safe operations, e.g. limp home mode in response to motor or actuator failures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D31/00Power plant control systems; Arrangement of power plant control systems in aircraft
    • B64D31/02Initiating means
    • B64D31/06Initiating means actuated automatically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B64C27/26Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft characterised by provision of fixed wings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0025Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00Type of UAV
    • B64U10/20Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/40Control within particular dimensions
    • G05D1/49Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch or yaw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2201/00UAVs characterised by their flight controls
    • B64U2201/10UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D2109/00Types of controlled vehicles
    • G05D2109/20Aircraft, e.g. drones
    • G05D2109/22Aircraft, e.g. drones with fixed wings
    • G05D2109/23Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft; Short take-off and landing [STOL, STOVL] aircraft
    • G05D2109/24Convertible aircraft, e.g. tiltrotor aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D2109/00Types of controlled vehicles
    • G05D2109/20Aircraft, e.g. drones
    • G05D2109/25Rotorcrafts
    • G05D2109/254Flying platforms, e.g. multicopters

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of aircraft, and in particular to an aircraft and its control method, control device, and storage medium.
  • VTOL Vertical Take-Off and Landing
  • the VTOL aircraft is equipped with a rotor device to solve the problem of the take-off and landing site.
  • the rotor mode can be switched for protection.
  • the present application provides an aircraft, a control method thereof, a control device, and a storage medium, which can improve the flight efficiency of an aircraft with rotors and fixed wings.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise; the control method includes :
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise; the control method includes :
  • the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage; the control method includes:
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control device for an aircraft.
  • the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly.
  • the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage.
  • the multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
  • the control device includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control device for an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
  • the control device includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
  • the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control device for an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the The multi-rotor assembly is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion assembly is located at the head or tail of the fuselage to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
  • the control device includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the multi-rotor The component is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion component is located at the head or tail of the fuselage, and is used to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
  • the aircraft also includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the multi-rotor The component is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion component is located at the head or tail of the fuselage, and is used to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
  • the aircraft also includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
  • the working state of the horizontal thruster is controlled to change, so that the horizontal thruster assembly generates resistance.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft, the aircraft includes a fuselage, a fixed wing, a multi-rotor assembly, and a horizontal propulsion assembly, the fixed wings are located on both sides of the fuselage, and the multi-rotor The component is installed on the fuselage or the fixed wing, and the horizontal propulsion component is located at the head or tail of the fuselage, and is used to provide horizontal thrust for the aircraft to cruise;
  • the aircraft also includes one or more processors, working individually or jointly, for performing the following steps:
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the above method.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an aircraft and its control method, control device, and storage medium.
  • the control method of the aircraft provided in the embodiment of the present application controls all the rotor rotations of the multi-rotor assembly during the cruise of the aircraft, so that more The rotor assembly and the fixed wing together provide lift for the aircraft; during the cruising process of the aircraft, the rotation speed of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is controlled to adjust the attitude of the aircraft; during the cruising process of the aircraft, when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly When a failure occurs, adjust the rotating speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft; wherein, the moment modulus of the composite lift generated by all normal rotors acting on the fuselage is greater than zero, which can improve the rotor and fixed rotor.
  • the flight efficiency of the winged aircraft is provided in the embodiment of the present application controls all the rotor rotations of the multi-rotor assembly during the cruise of the aircraft, so that more The rotor assembly
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an aircraft in an embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an aircraft in another embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control system of an aircraft in an embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of force analysis when the aircraft is cruising
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of an aircraft control method provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • long-range UAVs are mostly fixed-wing and VTOL aircraft, which are used in surveying and mapping, oil inspection and other fields.
  • the fixed-wing aircraft has the characteristics of excellent flight range under the same take-off weight, it cannot perform hovering operations at designated locations; at the same time, due to the mechanism of lift generation during flight, when the flight speed is lower than the stall speed, the fixed-wing aircraft will There will be a stall state, which will cause the fixed-wing aircraft to enter a dangerous and uncontrollable flight state, and there is a certain probability that it will cause an explosion; moreover, the fixed-wing aircraft has certain requirements for the take-off and landing site.
  • the VTOL aircraft is equipped with a rotor device, which solves the problem of the take-off and landing site.
  • the rotor mode can be switched for protection; the control during the flight in the fixed-wing mode is completed by the rudder surface of the main wing and the tail wing, and the rudder surface on the wing surface is used as the control surface.
  • the dynamic system reduces the reliability of the whole machine, and the wing surface area is too large.
  • the storage size of the current VTOL aircraft has a large gap compared with the rotorcraft.
  • the structural coefficient of the VTOL aircraft is relatively high, which reduces the flight performance under the rotor model, battery life and wind resistance.
  • the VTOL aircraft has an obvious transition state between the rotor and the fixed-wing mode; because the VTOL aircraft has a large wing surface area, low wing load, and large span, it is affected by the wind.
  • the interference is greater, the hovering wind resistance performance is poor, and the conversion wind resistance performance is poor; in the transition state, when the airspeed tube and other sensors are abnormal, and the wind is disturbed, the speed of the VTOL aircraft is too low and the angle of attack is too large to cause The risk of the main wing stalling and crashing; when flying in fixed-wing mode, the rotor stops, and at this time the rotor generates no lift, only waste resistance, which also cannot adapt to low-speed high-efficiency flight.
  • the inventors of the present application have improved the control method of aircraft including fixed-wing and multi-rotor, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems of existing VTOL aircraft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control method of the aircraft can be applied in the aircraft or the control device of the aircraft, such as a flight controller, for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft and other processes.
  • the aircraft may be an unmanned aircraft, or may also be a manned aircraft.
  • the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
  • the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
  • the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110 , a fixed wing 120 , a multi-rotor assembly 130 , and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140 .
  • the fixed wings 120 are located on both sides of the fuselage 110 .
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 is installed on the fuselage 110 or the fixed wing 120 .
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
  • two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
  • the brackets 150 on both sides of the fixed wing 120 are respectively located on two sides of the fuselage 110 .
  • the brackets 150 on both sides of the fixed wing 120 are arranged at intervals, specifically in the illustrated embodiment, the brackets 150 on both sides of the fixed wing 120 are arranged parallel to each other.
  • Each support 150 is provided with at least one rotor, specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, one rotor is provided at both ends of each support 150 .
  • the fixed wing 120 is arranged parallel to the pitch axis of the aircraft 100 .
  • the length of the fixed wing 120 is greater than the minimum spacing of the paddle discs of the rotors on both sides of the fixed wing 120 projected on the pitch axis of the aircraft 100, and is smaller than the paddles of the rotors on both sides of the fixed wing 120.
  • the maximum pitch of the disks projected on the pitch axis of the aircraft 100 Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the length of the fixed wing 120 is substantially equal to the distance between the rotation axes of the rotors on both sides of the fixed wing 120 projected on the pitch axis of the aircraft 100 .
  • the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
  • there is one fixed wing 120 the middle part of which is fixedly connected to the fuselage 110 , and two ends of the fixed wing 120 are respectively provided with a bracket 150 .
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
  • the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • the operating conditions of the aircraft may include takeoff, cruise, landing, or may also include hovering.
  • the multi-rotor assembly can be controlled to generate lift, so that the aircraft takes off under the lift provided by the multi-rotor assembly; after the aircraft takes off, the horizontal propulsion assembly is controlled to generate pull or thrust, so that the aircraft can generate a speed in the horizontal direction and realize cruise .
  • the multi-rotor assembly is controlled to generate lift to offset the gravity of the aircraft.
  • the lift of the multi-rotor assembly is smaller than the gravity of the aircraft.
  • control method of the aircraft in the embodiment of the present application includes steps S110 to S130.
  • the rotation of the multi-rotor assembly can also be controlled to generate thrust in the horizontal direction.
  • the horizontal thrust required for the cruising of the aircraft can be provided by the horizontal propulsion assembly alone or by the horizontal propulsion assembly Provided together with the multi-rotor assembly, the flight efficiency is higher, the maneuverability in the horizontal direction is higher, and the acceleration is faster.
  • the flow velocity of the airflow flowing through the upper and lower surfaces of the fixed wing is different, so that the fixed wing provides lift for the aircraft, and at the same time, the rotors of the multi-rotor assembly do not stop propellers.
  • the rotation of the rotor can provide lift to the aircraft, so as to maintain sufficient lift for the aircraft, and even when the speed of the aircraft is cruising is low, it can still ensure that the aircraft has sufficient lift to prevent stalling. Good hover performance.
  • the fixed wing in the aircraft of the embodiment of the present application has a higher lift-to-drag ratio than the traditional rotorcraft that only provides lift with the rotor, and can be used in the same environment. Provides higher lift under power and therefore can have a higher range.
  • the aircraft of the embodiment of the present application can double the flight range on the basis of the same weight and size order, reduce the required power by half when flying at high speed, and reduce the power required when flying at medium and high speeds. The power changes smoothly, which can avoid the problem of a sharp increase in the power of the rotorcraft.
  • the airfoil of the fixed wing can increase the proportion of lift force, thereby increasing the lift-to-drag ratio of the aircraft.
  • the fixed wing provides part of the lift, and the rotation speed of the rotor can be reduced, thereby increasing the flight speed.
  • the wings provide part of the lift to reduce the rotor speed, reduce the tip Mach number, and increase the flight speed.
  • the rotor does not stop during cruise flight, which can improve the flight efficiency of the aircraft and make the multi-rotor assembly respond faster, such as in obstacle avoidance It is possible to brake in an emergency; the lift force jointly provided by the multi-rotor assembly and the fixed wing can be greater, so that the aircraft has a higher climb rate, so the performance of obstacle avoidance and emergency climb maneuvers is better.
  • the rotational speeds of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly can be controlled to adjust at least one of the following of the aircraft: roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude.
  • the pitch attitude of the aircraft can be adjusted by controlling the rotational speed difference between the front and rear rotors; the roll attitude of the aircraft can be adjusted by controlling the rotational speed difference between the left and right rotors; or the rotational speed of the diagonal rotors can be controlled to A torque difference is generated to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • the flight control force can be provided by the rotor during the cruising process of the aircraft.
  • the aircraft may not be provided with tail components and/or the fixed wing may not be provided with rudder surfaces or outer wing sections, so the mechanical structure is simple and the reliability is high.
  • canceling the rudder surface is equivalent to reducing the unreliability of the aircraft control system and reducing the investment in maintaining the control system, that is, the design without the rudder surface can improve the reliability of the aircraft; It has better wind resistance when stopped.
  • the aircraft can have a smaller storage and deployment size and lighter weight, and the assembly and storage time and size of the whole machine can be greatly reduced.
  • the fixed wing is provided with a rudder surface, which can be controlled to act as a flap to increase wing lift during low-speed flight and reduce low-speed flight power consumption; the rudder surface and multi-rotor assembly can also be controlled to increase The control moment modulus of the aircraft in the high-speed flight state, such as at least one of the moment modulus, the pitching moment modulus and the yaw moment modulus. Or when the rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, the rudder surface is controlled to adjust the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • the airfoil of the fixed wing can increase the proportion of lift force, thereby increasing the lift-to-drag ratio of the aircraft.
  • the moment modulus of the composite lift generated by all the normal rotors acting on the fuselage is greater than zero, including at least one of the following: the composite lift generated by all the normal rotors is larger than the fuselage The moment modulus of the pitch axis of all said normal rotors is greater than zero; the moment modulus of all said normal rotors produces compound lift compared to the pitch axis of said fuselage is greater than zero; all said normal rotors produce compound lifts compared to The moment modulus of the roll axis of the fuselage is greater than zero.
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft can be controlled; when the compound lift produced by all the normal rotors is greater than zero when compared to the moment modulus of the heading axis of the fuselage, the yaw attitude of the aircraft can be controlled; when all the When the compound lift generated by the normal rotor is greater than zero compared to the moment modulus of the roll axis of the fuselage, the roll attitude of the aircraft can be controlled.
  • the multi-rotor assembly includes a plurality of rotors distributed on both sides of the fixed wing.
  • the rotors When one of the rotors breaks down, all the rotors on one side of the fixed wing are controlled to stop working, and all the rotors on the other side of the fixed wing are controlled to work normally, so as to adjust the aircraft attitude and enable the aircraft to fly smoothly.
  • all the rotors located on the other side of the fixed wing are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fuselage of the aircraft.
  • rotors 130a in the multi-rotor assembly break down, adjust the rotational speeds of the first rotor 130b and the second rotor 130c arranged on both sides of the fuselage to control the attitude of the aircraft , such as one or more of roll attitude, pitch attitude, and yaw attitude.
  • the rotation speed of multiple rotors with coaxial dual propellers on the fuselage can be adjusted to control the attitude of the aircraft.
  • the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fuselage are adjusted to control the roll attitude of the aircraft, pitch attitude and yaw attitude.
  • the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the four rotors; when the aircraft head When one or both of the two rotors provided on both sides fails, the speed of the two rotors arranged on both sides of the tail of the aircraft can be adjusted to control the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft; When one or both of the two rotors arranged on both sides of the tail of the aircraft fails, the speed of the two rotors arranged on both sides of the head of the aircraft can be adjusted to control the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw of the aircraft attitude.
  • the fixed wing 140 is basically disposed in the middle of the fuselage 110 , which can improve the attitude stability of the aircraft.
  • G represents the gravity of the aircraft
  • L represents the lift of the fixed wing
  • Fm represents the composite lift of the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the rotor installation angle of one or more rotors in the multi-rotor assembly 130 is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees, so as to improve flight efficiency.
  • the rotor fit angle is the angle between the chord line of the blades in one or more of the rotors and the horizontal plane.
  • the center of gravity of the aircraft is located at the point of action of the lift L of the fixed wing and the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the attitude of the aircraft can be controlled by only relying on part of the rotor during the cruise of the aircraft.
  • the adjusting the rotational speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft includes: adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor disposed on both sides of the fuselage, and controlling the The speed of rotation of the horizontal propulsion assembly is controlled to keep the aircraft stable.
  • the center of gravity of the aircraft is located between the action point of the lift L of the fixed wing and the action point of the composite lift Fm of the first rotor and the second rotor.
  • the adjusting the rotational speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft includes: simultaneously adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor disposed on both sides of the fuselage to control The pitch attitude of the aircraft.
  • Fig. 3 when the moment modulus length difference between the lift L of the fixed wing and the composite lift Fm of the first rotor and the second rotor acting on the center of gravity of the aircraft is not zero, the aircraft is Adjust the pitch attitude under the action.
  • the pitch of the aircraft increases, and the head is raised; when the component of the lift L of the fixed wing in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage acts on the center of gravity of the aircraft, the moment modulus length is smaller than that of the component of the composite lift Fm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage acting on the center of gravity of the aircraft.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft decreases and the head is depressed; when the component of the lift force L of the fixed wing acts on the center of gravity of the aircraft in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage, the length of the moment modulus is equal to the composite lift force Fm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft can be zero when the component of is acting on the moment modulus of the center of gravity of the aircraft.
  • the first rotor when adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor arranged on both sides of the fuselage to control the roll attitude, pitch attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft, the first rotor can be increased or decreased at the same time.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor and the second rotor for example, controlling the rotational speed of the first rotor to be equal to the rotational speed of the second rotor can reduce the coupling degree with the roll attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft and improve safety.
  • the adjusting the rotational speed of at least one normal rotor to control the attitude of the aircraft includes: adjusting the rotational speed difference between the first rotor and the second rotor disposed on both sides of the fuselage, to control the roll attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • the moment modulus of the lift force of the first rotor and the lift force of the second rotor acting on the aircraft is not equal, so The moment modulus difference between the lift force of the first rotor and the lift force of the second rotor acting on the aircraft can change the attitude of the aircraft, specifically, the roll attitude and yaw attitude of the aircraft can be adjusted.
  • the aircraft rolls and yaws to the right; when the rotation speed of the left rotor is lower than the rotation speed of the right rotor, the aircraft rolls and yaws to the left;
  • the rotation speed of the left rotor is equal to the rotation speed of the right rotor, the roll angle of the aircraft can be zero and the yaw angle remains unchanged.
  • the normal flight of the aircraft can still be maintained when some rotors in the multi-rotor assembly fail, which improves the safety performance of the aircraft and prevents rotor failure.
  • the aircraft lost control and crashed.
  • control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, when a deceleration command is received, controlling the working state of the horizontal propeller to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • the resistance is the resistance during the forward flight of the UAV.
  • controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal propeller includes at least one of the following: changing the rotation speed of the horizontal propeller, changing the rotation direction of the horizontal propeller, and changing the attitude of the horizontal propeller.
  • the rotational speed and/or the direction of rotation of the horizontal propeller is controlled, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • the attitude of the horizontal thruster is changed, for example, the blades of the horizontal thruster are tilted, so that the blades of the horizontal thruster form a hinder, create resistance.
  • the deceleration command may be sent by the terminal device according to the user's operation, or may also be generated by the aircraft, such as a deceleration command generated when it is determined that obstacle avoidance is required, and of course it is not limited thereto.
  • the rotational speed of the horizontal propeller may be controlled to decrease, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • the rotational speed of the horizontal propeller is controlled to decrease so that the pulling force or thrust provided by the horizontal propeller is smaller than the windage resistance of the horizontal propeller, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance to decelerate the aircraft.
  • the rotational speed of the horizontal propeller may be controlled according to the current airspeed of the aircraft, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance. For example, determine the current wind resistance of the horizontal thruster according to the current airspeed of the aircraft, and control the speed reduction of the horizontal thruster according to the current wind resistance of the horizontal thruster, so that the pulling force or thrust provided by the horizontal thruster is less than The current windage of the horizontal thruster.
  • the horizontal propeller can be controlled to rotate in reverse, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • the horizontal thruster at the rear of the aircraft is controlled to rotate in reverse, so that the horizontal thruster produces a backward pulling force, and the aircraft decelerates.
  • controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal thruster so that the horizontal thruster assembly generates resistance includes: stopping power supply to the horizontal thruster assembly so that the horizontal thruster rotates under the action of airflow .
  • the blades of the horizontal propulsion assembly can rotate along the direction of the airflow, which has a resistance effect on the wind and generates resistance.
  • electrical braking can be performed on the horizontal propulsion component, such as reverse connection braking, dynamic braking, capacitive braking, and regenerative braking, to increase resistance so as to quickly respond to the deceleration command.
  • the working state of the horizontal thruster is controlled to change so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance; and when the deceleration is completed, the control The working state of the horizontal propeller is changed to provide the aircraft with horizontal thrust for cruising.
  • the horizontal propeller can not only be used to generate resistance when decelerating, but also provide horizontal thrust when cruising, so that the aircraft can maintain a constant speed or accelerate, so the maneuverability of the aircraft is better.
  • the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance, so that the deceleration command can be responded more quickly, the obstacle avoidance performance is improved, and the safety is better.
  • control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, simultaneously controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft and the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly to accelerate or Decelerate, and after the acceleration or deceleration is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising.
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft is also controlled simultaneously, and the horizontal component of the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly is used to improve the efficiency of acceleration or deceleration.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease at the same time, the head is lowered, and the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pushes the aircraft to accelerate in the horizontal direction;
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is simultaneously controlled to increase, and the head Elevate, the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pulls the aircraft in the horizontal direction to slow down.
  • the pitch attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising, the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly is opposite to the direction of gravity, and the aircraft can enter a constant speed and stable flight.
  • the pitch angle is used to indicate the angle between the body axis (along the nose direction) and the ground plane (horizontal plane). When the aircraft is cruising horizontally, the pitch angle is zero. When the aircraft bows down, the pitch angle is negative. , the pitch angle is positive.
  • control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, simultaneously controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft and the rotation of the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received speed change command and altitude change command speed to accelerate or decelerate to improve the efficiency of acceleration or deceleration; and after the acceleration or deceleration is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is changed in response to the altitude change command, and when the altitude adjustment is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is changed. Returns the state of horizontal cruise.
  • the acceleration and deceleration can be accelerated and the maneuverability is better; after the acceleration, deceleration and height adjustment are completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising, It can facilitate the smooth flight of the aircraft.
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft may continue to be adjusted in response to the altitude change command, for example, by controlling the rotation speed of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly to adjust the pitching attitude of the aircraft, or when the When at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjust the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor located on both sides of the fuselage to control the pitch attitude of the aircraft, so that the aircraft can rise or Descending flight altitude.
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising, and the aircraft can enter a steady flight at a constant speed.
  • control method further includes: during the cruising process of the aircraft, simultaneously controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft and the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft The speed of rotation and the lift generated by the rotor assembly.
  • the changing the flight state of the aircraft includes at least one of the following: changing the speed of the aircraft, changing the altitude of the aircraft, and changing the attitude of the aircraft.
  • the instruction for changing the speed of the aircraft may be called a speed change instruction
  • the instruction for changing the altitude of the aircraft may be called an altitude change instruction
  • the instruction for changing the attitude of the aircraft may be called an attitude change order.
  • the command to change the flight state of the aircraft received at the same time may include one of a speed change command, an altitude change command, and an attitude change command, or may also include multiple types.
  • the cruise speed of the aircraft can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly, and the aircraft can be accelerated or decelerated faster; changes in the speed of the aircraft cause changes in the lift of the fixed wing, and the lift of the fixed wing is consistent with the lift produced by the rotor assembly.
  • the lift will cause the altitude of the aircraft to change, which can make the aircraft rise or fall faster; when the pitch angle of the aircraft is not zero, under other preset parameters, the aircraft can be made faster by controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft. Rising or descending; when the pitch angle of the aircraft is not zero, the efficiency of cruising speed acceleration or deceleration can be improved by using the horizontal component of the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly.
  • the aircraft can respond to commands faster, for example, when the aircraft accelerates or decelerates, by simultaneously controlling the aircraft
  • the pitch attitude of the aircraft can make the aircraft accelerate or decelerate faster; or when the aircraft ascends or descends, the aircraft can be raised or descended faster by controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft at the same time, thereby improving the maneuverability of the aircraft.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration of the aircraft.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to be positive, that is, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to increase, and the head is raised, which can be more Fast deceleration;
  • the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command is a positive number, that is, when the aircraft is instructed to accelerate, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to be negative, that is, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease, and the head is lowered, which can be more Accelerate quickly.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft when accelerating is smaller than the pitch angle when the aircraft is decelerating.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to increase, and the aircraft can ascend faster and decelerate faster;
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease, so that the aircraft can descend faster and accelerate faster.
  • the instructions of the flight state of the aircraft include altitude instructions and speed instructions, and the adjustment modes of the two are divided into three types, (1) both are adjusted at the same time; (2) the speed is adjusted first, and the height is adjusted later; (3) ) to adjust the altitude first, and then adjust the speed.
  • the altitude and speed of the aircraft tend to the target altitude and target speed indicated by the command.
  • the aircraft receives an acceleration and ascent command, the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to accelerate, and the aircraft simultaneously ascends; when the aircraft receives a deceleration and descent command, the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to decelerate, and The aircraft performs a descending motion simultaneously.
  • the speed of the aircraft tends to the target speed indicated by the command first, and then the altitude of the aircraft tends to the target altitude indicated by the command.
  • the aircraft receives acceleration and ascent commands, the aircraft first adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to accelerate, and the altitude of the aircraft remains unchanged.
  • the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to decelerate, and the altitude of the aircraft remains unchanged. After the aircraft completes the speed adjustment, adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to perform descent movement.
  • the altitude of the aircraft tends to the target speed indicated by the command first, and then the speed of the aircraft tends to the target altitude indicated by the command.
  • the aircraft receives acceleration and ascent commands, the aircraft first adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to ascend, and the speed of the aircraft remains unchanged.
  • the aircraft adjusts the pitch angle to be negative to descend, and the speed of the aircraft remains unchanged. After the aircraft completes the altitude adjustment, adjusts the pitch angle to be positive to perform deceleration.
  • the control when the speed is adjusted first and the altitude is adjusted later, when the control is performed according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft, if the received instruction instructs the aircraft to accelerate and change the altitude or maintain the altitude, After the acceleration is completed, the altitude of the aircraft is lower than the altitude indicated by the received instruction (the altitude after the change or the altitude maintained). If the received command instructs the aircraft to decelerate and change altitude or maintain the same altitude, the altitude of the aircraft after the deceleration is completed is higher than the altitude indicated by the instruction (altitude after change or altitude maintained).
  • the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly is controlled to accelerate and the pitch angle of the aircraft is reduced to accelerate as soon as possible; Accelerate During the process, the pitch angle of the aircraft decreases, that is, the aircraft responds to the speed change command first.
  • the altitude of the aircraft is lower than the altitude indicated by the altitude change command; after the acceleration is completed, the aircraft can continue to be adjusted according to the altitude change command. the height of.
  • the speed change command instructs the aircraft to decelerate
  • the altitude is higher than the altitude indicated by the altitude change instruction; after the deceleration is completed, the altitude of the aircraft can be continued to be adjusted according to the altitude change instruction.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is adjusted according to the altitude command and the speed command.
  • Different combinations of height commands and speed commands indicate different pitch angles of the target, including positive, negative or horizontal.
  • control method further includes: after the received command changes the flight state of the aircraft, returning the pitch attitude of the aircraft to a state of horizontal cruising.
  • the control method further includes: after the received command changes the flight state of the aircraft, returning the pitch attitude of the aircraft to a state of horizontal cruising.
  • the controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft includes: changing the command and altitude according to the received speed change command
  • the change command determines the first target pitch angle; the pitch compensation amount is determined according to the speed change command; the second target pitch angle is determined according to the sum of the first target pitch angle and the pitch compensation amount; the second target pitch angle is determined according to the second target pitch angle angle, controlling the pitch angle of the aircraft to approach the second target pitch angle.
  • the pitch compensation amount is negatively correlated with the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command.
  • the pitch compensation amount is a negative value
  • the speed change instruction indicates that the aircraft decelerates
  • the pitch compensation amount is a positive value. It can be understood that when the aircraft accelerates, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to decrease, the head is lowered, and the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pushes the aircraft to accelerate in the horizontal direction; when the aircraft is decelerated, the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to increase, and the head is raised , the thrust of the multi-rotor assembly pulls the aircraft to slow down in the horizontal direction.
  • the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and height change command includes: based on the correspondence between the preset first target pitch angle and the speed change command and height change command, according to The received speed change command and altitude change command determine the first target pitch angle.
  • the correspondence between the preset first target pitch angle and the speed change command and the height change command is stored in the database, and the received speed change command and height change command can be queried in the database to obtain all The pitch angle of the first target.
  • the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and height change command includes: based on a preset optimization model, determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and height change command .
  • the control parameters such as the target pitch angle determined based on the preset optimization model can ensure that the aircraft flies stably within the full flight envelope and has good control quality.
  • the aircraft has multiple stable cruising states.
  • the flight angle of attack of the aircraft at a stable speed can be varied.
  • the power of the aircraft in different cruising states is inconsistent.
  • the preset optimization model determines the Control parameters such as the target pitch angle can make the aircraft fly at the best cruising power.
  • the preset state quantities of the optimization model include speed change instructions, altitude change instructions, first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust. It can be understood that the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust can control the height and speed of the aircraft, and the optimization model can determine the optimal first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust corresponding to the speed change command and the height change command. thrust.
  • the expressions of the corresponding pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust can be determined according to the speed change command and the altitude change command, and according to the expressions of the pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust and the state quantities of the optimization model
  • the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust can determine the value of the objective function, and through optimization, the optimized state quantity can be obtained, that is, the better first target pitch corresponding to the speed change command and the altitude change command Angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
  • the objective function of the optimization model includes at least one of the following: power demand, response time, actuator output variation, and actuator power.
  • the power demand corresponding to the speed change command and the height change command is determined, and by introducing the power demand factor when solving the better first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust, the determined
  • the control parameters can make the aircraft fly at the best cruising power.
  • the power model function can be obtained by measuring the power values of the rotor motor and the motor of the horizontal propulsion assembly at different flight angles of attack and at different speeds in a wind tunnel experiment.
  • the constraints of the optimization model include at least one of the following: flight angle of attack constraints, flight state constraints, and motion range constraints.
  • the control parameters such as the target pitch angle determined based on the preset optimization model can have higher safety performance.
  • the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft includes: Adjust the rotation speed of the rotors in the multi-rotor assembly according to the rotor lift determined by the received speed change command and altitude change command; and/or adjust the horizontal thrust determined by the received speed change command and altitude change command.
  • the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust may be determined according to the received speed change command and height change command based on the preset correspondence between the rotor lift and horizontal thrust and the speed change command and altitude change command.
  • the correspondence between the preset first target pitch angle, rotor lift, horizontal thrust, speed change command and height change command is stored in the database, and according to the received speed change command and height change command in The database can be queried to obtain the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
  • the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust may be determined according to the received speed change command and altitude change command.
  • the preset state quantities of the optimization model include speed change instructions, altitude change instructions, first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
  • the objective function of the optimization model includes at least one of the following: power demand, response time, actuator output variation, and actuator power.
  • the constraints of the optimization model include at least one of the following: flight angle of attack constraints, flight state constraints, and motion range constraints.
  • the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift, and horizontal thrust are determined according to the received speed change command and altitude change command, and according to the speed change
  • the command determines the pitch compensation amount, and determines the second target pitch angle ⁇ 2 according to the sum of the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1 and the pitch compensation amount; for example, the pitch compensation amount can be determined according to the speed change instruction based on a compensation model,
  • the compensation model is used to indicate that the pitch compensation amount is negatively correlated with the acceleration corresponding to the speed change command.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft can be controlled to approach the second target pitch angle based on the pitch controller, for example, it can be realized by a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller;
  • the rotation speed of multiple rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is used to adjust the pitch attitude of the aircraft, or during the cruising process of the aircraft, when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjust the The rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor are set to control the pitch attitude of the aircraft.
  • the horizontal thrust can be determined according to the speed change instruction based on the speed controller, for example, the speed and/or rotation direction of the horizontal thruster can be controlled according to the horizontal thrust output by the speed controller and/or the horizontal thrust output by the optimization model.
  • the rotation speed of the multi-rotor assembly is controlled according to the rotor lift output by the optimization model.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the force experienced by the aircraft during cruising.
  • L represents the lift generated by the fixed wing
  • D represents the resistance generated by the fixed wing
  • Fm represents the lift generated by the multi-rotor assembly
  • T represents the thrust generated by the horizontal propulsion assembly
  • G represents the gravity of the aircraft
  • X_g represents the horizontal axis of the ground axis
  • X_b Indicates the vertical axis of the body shaft system
  • V indicates the airspeed of the aircraft
  • alpha ( ⁇ ) indicates the angle of attack of the fixed wing
  • theta ( ⁇ ) indicates the pitch angle of the aircraft
  • Mmy indicates the modulus of the pitching moment.
  • q represents the pitch rate
  • represents the track inclination angle
  • m represents the mass of the aircraft
  • ⁇ F x represents the sum of the force on the aircraft in the horizontal direction
  • ⁇ F z represents the sum of the forces on the longitudinal direction of the aircraft
  • the longitudinal dynamics equations of the aircraft are an underdetermined equations, and there are many stable states. For each stable state, the power and flight efficiency of the aircraft are different.
  • the lift L increases.
  • the angle of attack ⁇ of the aircraft it is necessary to adjust the angle of attack ⁇ of the aircraft or reduce the rotor thrust Fm.
  • the rotor lift Fm decreases, the rotor motor speed will be too low, and even power saturation will occur, which cannot provide sufficient pitching moment modulus and rolling moment modulus length to maintain the stability of the aircraft attitude.
  • the optimization model can determine the control force Fx and the control force Fz in the vertical direction (vertical direction) that need to act on the aircraft according to the altitude change command and each speed change command, and according to the control force Fx and the control force Fz Determine the corresponding first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift and horizontal thrust; due to the existence of the above underdetermined equations, after a given control force, there will be multiple values for the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift and horizontal thrust , after different values act on the aircraft, there will be different flight power.
  • the following optimization problem can be used to solve the most reasonable first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, rotor lift and horizontal thrust:
  • the state quantities of the optimization problem include the track inclination angle ⁇ , the speed change command V, the first target pitch angle ⁇ , the rotor lift F m and the horizontal thrust T, where the track inclination angle ⁇ can be determined according to the speed change command V and the altitude change command , the state quantity can be expressed as:
  • the objective function of the optimization problem can be expressed as:
  • the purpose of this objective function is to allow the aircraft to provide the first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust required by the speed change command and altitude change command with the minimum energy requirement.
  • P(x) power(x), which is the power model function of the aircraft, by measuring the power values of the rotor motor and the tail thruster motor under different flight angles of attack and different speeds in the wind tunnel experiment, it can be approximated
  • F x (x) and F z (x) are the calculation functions of the combined external force in the horizontal and vertical directions of the aircraft, expressed as follows:
  • K 1 and K 2 are weights, which are used to adjust the weight of the error of the horizontal combined external force and vertical combined external force in the optimization problem .
  • constraints need to be met, so that the solution obtained can conform to the real motion of the aircraft.
  • the constraints can be expressed by the following two equations;
  • equation (1) restricts the flight angle of attack of the aircraft through the pitch angle lower limit ⁇ min and the pitch angle upper limit ⁇ max ,
  • equation (2) is the aircraft The state and the output are clipped, lb represents the preset first state vector, and ub represents the preset second state vector.
  • the first target required when the aircraft obtains the control force in the horizontal direction and the control force in the vertical direction (vertical direction) under any speed change command and altitude change command Pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
  • the longitudinal control of the aircraft is realized.
  • the pitch compensation amount may not be determined based on the compensation model according to the speed change command, and the pitch compensation amount is added to the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1, so that the aircraft can be in a more economical cruise state.
  • the pitch compensation amount is determined according to the speed change command based on the compensation model, and is added to the first target pitch angle ⁇ 1 according to the pitch compensation amount, that is, the speed change command is added to the feedforward channel of the pitch angle , which can increase the maneuverability of the aircraft during acceleration and deceleration.
  • the feedforward channel shown by the dotted line is a nonlinear incomplete differential link, and its transfer function can be expressed as:
  • K(V cmd , V cur ) is a function related to the current airspeed V cur of the aircraft and the speed change command V cmd , understandably, it can increase the maneuverability of the aircraft during acceleration and deceleration.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control method of the aircraft can be applied in the aircraft or the control device of the aircraft, such as a flight controller, for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft and other processes.
  • the aircraft may be an unmanned aircraft, or may also be a manned aircraft.
  • the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
  • the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
  • the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110, a fixed wing 120, a multi-rotor assembly 130, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
  • two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
  • the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
  • the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • control method of the aircraft includes steps S210 to S230.
  • controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal propeller includes at least one of the following: changing the rotation speed of the horizontal propeller, changing the rotation direction of the horizontal propeller, and changing the attitude of the horizontal propeller.
  • controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal propeller so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance includes: controlling the rotation speed of the horizontal propeller to decrease or controlling the horizontal propeller to reverse rotation to causing the horizontal propulsion assembly to generate resistance.
  • controlling the change of the working state of the horizontal thruster so that the horizontal thruster assembly generates resistance includes:
  • control method also includes:
  • the working state of the horizontal thruster is controlled to change, so as to provide the aircraft with horizontal thrust for cruising.
  • control method also includes:
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly are simultaneously controlled to accelerate or decelerate according to the speed change command received, and after the acceleration or deceleration is completed, the return the pitch attitude of the aircraft to the state of level cruise; or
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft is changed in response to the altitude change command, and when the altitude adjustment is completed, the pitching attitude of the aircraft is returned to the state of horizontal cruising.
  • control method also includes:
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
  • the changing the flight state of the aircraft includes at least one of the following: changing the speed of the aircraft, changing the altitude of the aircraft, and changing the attitude of the aircraft.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration of the aircraft.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft when accelerating is smaller than the pitch angle when the aircraft is decelerating.
  • the altitude of the aircraft after the acceleration is completed is lower than The altitude indicated by the command.
  • the altitude of the aircraft after the deceleration is completed is higher than The altitude indicated by the command.
  • the fixed wing is basically arranged in the middle of the fuselage.
  • the rotor installation angle of one or more rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees.
  • control of the pitch attitude of the aircraft includes: when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor arranged on both sides of the fuselage to Controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft; wherein, the moment modulus of the compound lift generated by the first rotor and the second rotor acting on the fuselage is greater than zero.
  • control method also includes:
  • the pitch attitude of the aircraft is returned to a state of horizontal cruising.
  • the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance, so that the deceleration command can be responded more quickly, and the avoidance can be lifted. fault performance, better security.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of an aircraft control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control method of the aircraft can be applied in the aircraft or the control device of the aircraft, such as a flight controller, for controlling the flight attitude of the aircraft and other processes.
  • the aircraft may be an unmanned aircraft, or may also be a manned aircraft.
  • the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
  • the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
  • the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110, a fixed wing 120, a multi-rotor assembly 130, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
  • two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
  • the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
  • the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • control method of the aircraft in the embodiment of the present application includes steps S310 to S330.
  • the changing the flight state of the aircraft includes at least one of the following: changing the speed of the aircraft, changing the altitude of the aircraft, and changing the attitude of the aircraft.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is negatively correlated with the acceleration of the aircraft.
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft when accelerating is smaller than the pitch angle when the aircraft is decelerating.
  • the altitude of the aircraft after the acceleration is completed is lower than The altitude indicated by the command.
  • the altitude of the aircraft after the deceleration is completed is higher than The altitude indicated by the command.
  • controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft includes:
  • the pitch angle of the aircraft is controlled to tend to the second target pitch angle.
  • the pitch compensation amount when the speed change command instructs the aircraft to accelerate, the pitch compensation amount is a negative value; when the speed change command instructs the aircraft to decelerate, the pitch compensation amount is a positive value.
  • the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and altitude change command includes:
  • the first target pitch angle is determined according to the received speed change command and height change command.
  • the determining the first target pitch angle according to the received speed change command and altitude change command includes:
  • the first target pitch angle is determined according to the received speed change command and altitude change command.
  • the state quantity of the preset optimization model includes speed change command, height change command, first target pitch angle, rotor lift and horizontal thrust.
  • the objective function of the optimization model includes at least one of the following: power demand, response time, actuator output change, and actuator power.
  • constraints of the optimization model include at least one of the following: flight angle of attack constraints, flight state constraints, and motion range constraints.
  • the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft includes:
  • the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly is adjusted according to the horizontal thrust determined by the received speed change command and altitude change command.
  • the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft further includes:
  • the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust are determined according to the received speed change command and height change command.
  • the simultaneously controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotation speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly according to the received instruction to change the flight state of the aircraft further includes:
  • the rotor lift and the horizontal thrust are determined according to the received speed change command and height change command.
  • the fixed wing is basically arranged in the middle of the fuselage.
  • the rotor installation angle of one or more rotors in the multi-rotor assembly is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees.
  • control of the pitch attitude of the aircraft includes: when at least one rotor in the multi-rotor assembly fails, adjusting the rotational speeds of the first rotor and the second rotor arranged on both sides of the fuselage to Controlling the pitching attitude of the aircraft; wherein, the moment modulus of the compound lift generated by the first rotor and the second rotor acting on the fuselage is greater than zero.
  • control method also includes:
  • the pitch attitude of the aircraft is returned to a state of horizontal cruising.
  • the control method of the aircraft controls the pitching attitude of the aircraft and the rotation of the horizontal propulsion assembly simultaneously according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft during the cruise of the aircraft Speed and the lift generated by the rotor assembly, by controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft, the aircraft can respond to speed change commands and/or altitude change commands faster, improving the maneuverability of the aircraft.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft control device 600 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the aircraft can fly autonomously, or can fly according to instructions sent from the terminal device, such as speed change instructions, attitude change instructions, and altitude change instructions.
  • the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, and a remote controller.
  • the aircraft 100 includes a fuselage 110, a fixed wing 120, a multi-rotor assembly 130, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 140.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 is located at the head 101 or tail of the fuselage 110 , and is used to provide the aircraft 100 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
  • two sides of the fixed wing 120 are symmetrically connected with brackets 150
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 is connected to the brackets 150 .
  • the number of fixed wings 120 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 120 may be integrated with the fuselage 110 , such as adopting a wing-body combination configuration.
  • the multi-rotor assembly 130 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
  • the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 140 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • the control device 600 includes one or more processors 601 , and the one or more processors 601 work individually or jointly, and are used to execute the aforementioned aircraft control method.
  • control device 600 further includes a memory 602 .
  • processor 601 and the memory 602 are connected through a bus 603, such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
  • bus 603 such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
  • the processor 601 may be a micro-controller unit (Micro-controller Unit, MCU), a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), etc.
  • MCU Micro-controller Unit
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the memory 602 may be a Flash chip, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) disk, an optical disk, a U disk, or a mobile hard disk.
  • the processor 601 is used to run the computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the aforementioned control method of the aircraft when executing the computer program.
  • the processor 601 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the processor 601 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • the processor 601 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 602, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the aircraft control method provided in the above-mentioned embodiments A step of.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the control device described in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as a hard disk or a memory of the control device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the control device, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the control device, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD ) card, flash memory card (Flash Card), etc.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an aircraft 700 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the aircraft 700 includes a fuselage 710, a fixed wing 720, a multi-rotor assembly 730, and a horizontal propulsion assembly 740.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 740 is located at the head or tail of the fuselage 710 , and is used to provide the aircraft 700 with horizontal thrust for cruising.
  • two sides of the fixed wing 720 are symmetrically connected with brackets, and the multi-rotor assembly 730 is connected to the brackets.
  • the number of fixed wings 720 may be one or more, or the fixed wings 720 may be integrated with the fuselage 710 , for example, adopt a wing-body combination configuration.
  • the multi-rotor assembly 730 includes a plurality of rotors, or a plurality of ducted fans, which can be in the form of, for example, 6 shafts or coaxial dual blades, and the number of blades of the rotors can be two blades, three blades, four blades, or not. Limit the number of paddle blades.
  • the horizontal propulsion assembly 740 includes one or more propellers, or includes one or more ducted fans.
  • the yaw moment modulus can be generated by controlling the horizontal propulsion assembly 740 to adjust the yaw attitude of the aircraft.
  • the aircraft 700 includes one or more processors 701 , and the one or more processors 701 work individually or jointly for executing the aforementioned control method of the aircraft.
  • the aircraft 700 also includes a memory 702 .
  • processor 701 and the memory 702 are connected through a bus 703, such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
  • bus 703 such as an I2C (Inter-integrated Circuit) bus.
  • the processor 701 may be a micro-controller unit (Micro-controller Unit, MCU), a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), etc.
  • MCU Micro-controller Unit
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the memory 702 may be a Flash chip, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) disk, an optical disk, a U disk, or a mobile hard disk.
  • the processor 701 is used for running the computer program stored in the memory 702, and implementing the aforementioned control method of the aircraft when executing the computer program.
  • the processor 701 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 702, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the processor 701 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 702, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the working state of the horizontal propeller is controlled to change, so that the horizontal propulsion assembly generates resistance.
  • the processor 701 is configured to run a computer program stored in the memory 702, and implement the following steps when executing the computer program:
  • the pitching attitude of the aircraft, the rotational speed of the horizontal propulsion assembly and the lift generated by the rotor assembly are simultaneously controlled according to the received command to change the flight state of the aircraft.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements The steps of the aircraft control method provided in the above embodiments.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the aircraft described in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as a hard disk or a memory of the aircraft.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the aircraft, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the aircraft, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card , flash memory card (Flash Card) and so on.

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Abstract

一种飞行器的控制方法,包括:在飞行器巡航的过程中,控制多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得多旋翼组件和固定翼共同为飞行器提供升力(S110); 在飞行器巡航的过程中,控制多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整飞行器的姿态(S120); 在飞行器巡航的过程中,当多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态(S130)。该方法能够提高具有旋翼和固定翼的飞行器的机动性能。还提供了控制装置、飞行器和存储介质。

Description

飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质 技术领域
本申请涉及飞行器技术领域,尤其涉及一种飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质。
背景技术
随着飞行器技术的发展进步,垂直起降(Vertical Take-Off and Landing,VTOL)飞行器因兼具垂直起降能力和高速平飞能力受到市场的追捧。
VTOL飞行器加装了旋翼装置,解决了起降场地问题,当失速时可以切换旋翼模式进行保护,在巡航时则以固定翼模式飞行,固定翼模式飞行时,旋翼停转,此时旋翼无升力产生,仅产生废阻,飞行效率较低。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质,能够提高具有旋翼和固定翼的飞行器的飞行效率。
第一方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器的控制方法,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制方法包括:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器的控制方法,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制方法包括:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
第三方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器的控制方法,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部;所述控制方法包括:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
第四方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器的控制装置,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
第五方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器的控制装置,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
第六方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器的控制装置,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
第七方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
第八方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器 的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
第九方面,本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
第十方面,本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时使所述处理器实现上述的方法。
本申请实施例提供了一种飞行器及其控制方法、控制装置、存储介质,本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法,在飞行器巡航的过程中,控制多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得多旋翼组件和固定翼共同为飞行器提供升力;在飞行器巡航的过程中,控制多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整飞行器的姿态;在飞行器巡航的过程中,当多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于机身的力矩模长大于零,能够提高具有旋翼和固定翼的飞行器的飞行效率。
应当理解的是,以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的,并不能限制本申请实施例的公开内容。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种飞行器的控制方法的流程示意图;
图2是一实施方式中飞行器的结构示意图;
图3是另一实施方式中飞行器的结构示意图;
图4是一实施方式中飞行器的控制系统的示意图;
图5是飞行器巡航时的受力分析示意图;
图6是本申请另一实施例提供的一种飞行器的控制方法的流程示意图;
图7是本申请又一实施例提供的一种飞行器的控制方法的流程示意图;
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种飞行器的控制装置的示意性框图;
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种飞行器的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
附图中所示的流程图仅是示例说明,不是必须包括所有的内容和操作/步骤,也不是必须按所描述的顺序执行。例如,有的操作/步骤还可以分解、组合或部分合并,因此实际执行的顺序有可能根据实际情况改变。
下面结合附图,对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下,下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
现有某些飞行器应用场景需要长航程飞行器,如长航程无人机参与,当前长航程无人机多为固定翼以及VTOL飞行器,在测绘以及石油巡检等领域应用。固定翼飞行器虽有同等起飞重量下航程优的特点,但是无法在指定地点进行悬停作业;同时,在飞行过程中由于产生升力的机理问题,当飞行速度低于失速 速度后,固定翼飞行器则会出现失速状态,使固定翼飞行器进入危险的不可控的飞行状态,有一定概率导致炸机;而且,固定翼飞行器对起降场地有一定要求。VTOL飞行器加装了旋翼装置,解决了起降场地问题,当失速时可以切换旋翼模式进行保护;以固定翼模式飞行过程中的控制由主翼以及尾翼的舵面完成,翼面上的舵面作动系统降低了整机可靠性,而且翼面面积过大,当前VTOL飞行器收纳尺寸较旋翼机有较大差距,另外VTOL飞行器结构系数较高,降低了旋翼模型下的飞行性能,续航与抗风性能均与四旋翼飞行器有较大差距;且VTOL飞行器具有明显的旋翼与固定翼模式切换的过渡状态;由于VTOL飞行器的翼面面积较大、翼载荷较低、展长较大,因此受到风的干扰更大,悬停抗风性能差,转换抗风性能差;在过渡状态时,在空速管等传感器异常、突风扰动等情况下,VTOL飞行器有速度过低、迎角过大导致主翼失速坠机的风险;固定翼模式飞行时,旋翼停转,此时旋翼无升力产生,仅产生废阻,同样无法适应低速的高效率飞行。
本申请的发明人对包括固定翼和多旋翼的飞行器的控制方法进行了改进,以解决现有VTOL飞行器的上述技术问题中的至少一个问题。
请参阅图1,图1是本申请实施例提供的一种飞行器的控制方法的流程示意图。所述飞行器的控制方法可以应用在飞行器或飞行器的控制装置,如飞行控制器中,用于控制飞行器的飞行姿态等过程。进一步而言,飞行器可以为无人飞行器,或者也可以为载人飞行器。
在一些实施方式中,飞行器可以自主飞行,或者可以根据从终端设备发送的指令,如速度变化指令、姿态变化指令、高度变化指令飞行。示例性的,终端设备包括以下至少一种:手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑、个人数字助理、穿戴式设备、遥控器。
如图2所示,飞行器100包括机身110、固定翼120、多旋翼组件130、以及水平推进组件140。固定翼120位于机身110的两侧。多旋翼组件130安装于机身110或固定翼120上。水平推进组件140位于机身110的头部101或者尾部,用于为飞行器100提供巡航的水平推力。示例性的,固定翼120的两侧对称连接有支架150,多旋翼组件130连接在支架150上。
固定翼120两侧的支架150分别位于所述机身110的两侧。固定翼120的 两侧的支架150间隔设置,具体在图示的实施例中,固定翼120的两侧的支架150相互平行设置。每个支架150设置至少一个旋翼,具体在图示的实施例中,每个支架150的两端分别设置一个所述旋翼。
固定翼120平行于飞行器100的俯仰轴设置。为了兼顾提高飞行器100的机动性以及巡航性能,固定翼120的长度,大于固定翼120两侧的旋翼的桨盘在飞行器100的俯仰轴投影的最小间距,小于固定翼120两侧的旋翼的桨盘在飞行器100的俯仰轴投影的最大间距。具体在图示的实施例中,固定翼120的长度,基本等于固定翼120两侧的旋翼的转轴在飞行器100的俯仰轴投影的间距。
可选的,固定翼120的数目可以为一个或多个,或者固定翼120可以与机身110一体式设置,例如采用翼身组合体构型。具体在图示的实施例中,固定翼120为一个,其中部与机身110固定连接,固定翼120的两端分别设有一个支架150。
可选的,多旋翼组件130包括多个旋翼,或者多个涵道风扇,可以采用例如6轴或共轴双桨的形式,旋翼的桨叶数量可以为两叶、三叶、四叶、不限制桨叶叶片数量。
可选的,水平推进组件140包括一个或多个螺旋桨,或者包括一个或多个涵道风扇。在一些实施方式中,可以通过控制水平推进组件140产生偏航力矩模长,以调整飞行器的偏航姿态。
在一些实施方式中,飞行器的工况可以包括起飞、巡航、降落,或者还可以包括悬停。示例性的,可以控制多旋翼组件产生升力,使得飞行器在多旋翼组件提供的升力作用下起飞;飞行器起飞后通过控制水平推进组件产生拉力或推力,使飞行器产生在水平方向上的速度,实现巡航。飞行器悬停时,控制多旋翼组件产生升力抵消飞行器的重力,飞行器降落时,多旋翼组件的升力小于飞行器的重力。
如图1所示,本申请实施例的飞行器的控制方法包括步骤S110至步骤S130。
S110、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力。
示例性的,在所述飞行器巡航的过程中还可以控制多旋翼组件转动,产生 水平方向上的推力,可以理解的,飞行器巡航时需要的水平推力可以由水平推进组件单独提供或由水平推进组件与多旋翼组件共同提供,飞行效率更高,水平方向的机动性更高,加速更快。
在飞行器巡航的过程中,流过所述固定翼上下表面气流的流速不同,使得固定翼为所述飞行器提供升力,同时多旋翼组件的旋翼均不停桨,通过控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,可以给飞行器提供升力,以便维持飞行器具有足够的升力,及时在飞行器巡航的过程的速度较低时,仍可保证飞行器具有足够的升力,防止失速,在一些实施方式中,可以实现较好的悬停性能。
由于在巡航的过程下,多旋翼组件和固定翼共同提供升力,相较于传统旋翼机仅由旋翼提供升力,本申请实施例的飞行器中固定翼具有更高的升阻比,可以在相同需用功率下提供更高的升力,因此可以具有更高的航程。在一些实施方式中,相较于旋翼机,本申请实施例的飞行器可在同重量与尺寸量级的基础上将航程提高一倍,高速飞行时需用功率降低一半,中高速飞行时需用功率变化平稳,可以避免旋翼机功率急剧增加趋势的问题。
在一些实施方式中,在旋翼可以正常提供控制力的基础上,固定翼的翼面可以增加升力占比,从而提高飞行器的升阻比。
在一些实施方式中,在巡航的过程时,固定翼提供部分升力,旋翼转速可以降低,从而可以提高飞行速度。
在巡航的过程时,机翼提供部分升力,使旋翼转速降低,减少桨尖马赫数,提高飞行速度。
通过控制所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力,在巡航飞行时,旋翼不停转,可以提高飞行器的飞行效率,而且使多旋翼组件响应更快,例如在避障是可以紧急刹车;多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同提供的升力可以更大,使飞行器具有更高的爬升率,因此,避障以及紧急爬升机动性能更好。
S120、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态。
举例而言,可以控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的以下至少一种:横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态。示例性的,可以通过控制 前后旋翼转速的转速差,调整飞行器的俯仰姿态;可以通过控制左右旋翼转速的转速差,调整飞行器的横滚姿态;或者还可以控制对角线上旋翼的转速,以产生转矩差调整飞行器的偏航姿态。通过控制多旋翼组件调整飞行器的姿态,使得飞行器的机动性更好。
可以理解的,在所述飞行器巡航的过程中飞行控制力可以由旋翼提供。在一些实施方式中,飞行器上可以不设置尾翼部件和/或固定翼上不设置舵面或外翼段,机械结构简单,可靠性高。示例性的,取消舵面相当于减少飞行器控制系统的不可靠度,减少维护控制系统的投入,即无舵面设计可以提高飞行器的可靠性;无外翼段或无尾翼设计可以使得飞行器在悬停时具有更优的抗风性能。而且飞行器可以具有更小的收纳展开尺寸,更轻的重量,整机装配收纳时间与尺寸可以大大降低。
在一些实施方式中,固定翼上设置有舵面,可以控制舵面充当襟翼,增加低速飞行时的机翼升力,降低低速飞行功耗;还可以控制所述舵面和多旋翼组件,增加高速飞行状态时飞行器的控制力矩模长,例如力矩模长、俯仰力矩模长和偏航力矩模长中的至少一种。或者在多旋翼组件中的旋翼失效时,控制所述舵面调整所述飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态。
在一些实施方式中,在旋翼可以正常提供控制力的基础上,固定翼的翼面可以增加升力占比,从而提高飞行器的升阻比。
S130、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
示例性的,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零,包括如下至少一种:所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的俯仰轴的力矩模长大于零;所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的航向轴的力矩模长大于零;所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的横滚轴的力矩模长大于零。可以理解的,通过调整位于机身两侧设置的至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,当所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的俯仰轴的力矩模长大于零时,可以控制飞行器的俯仰姿态;当所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的航向轴的力矩 模长大于零时,可以控制飞行器的偏航姿态;当所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的横滚轴的力矩模长大于零时,可以控制飞行器的横滚姿态。
示例性地,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力和所述固定翼产生的升力分别位于所述飞行器的重心的两侧,以调整所述飞行器的姿态,并使得所述飞行器能够平稳飞行。示例性的,所述多旋翼组件包括位于所述固定翼两侧分布的多个旋翼。当其中一旋翼发生故障时,控制与所述故障的旋翼位于所述固定翼一侧的所有旋翼均停止工作,并控制位于所述固定翼另一侧的所有旋翼正常工作,以调整所述飞行器的姿态,并使得所述飞行器能够平稳飞行。在另一实施例中,所述位于所述固定翼另一侧的所有旋翼对称分布在所述飞行器的机身的两侧。
请参阅图2,当所述多旋翼组件中的一个或多个旋翼130a发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼130b和第二旋翼130c的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,如横滚姿态、俯仰姿态、偏航姿态中的一种或多种。当然也不限于此,例如可以调整机身上共轴双桨设置的多个旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态。
在一些实施例中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧对称设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态。
示例性的,以多旋翼组件包括四个旋翼为例,四个旋翼均正常时,可以通过调整四个旋翼的转速控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态;当飞行器头部两侧设置的两个旋翼中的一个故障或两个都故障时,可以调整飞行器尾部两侧设置的两个旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态;当飞行器尾部两侧设置的两个旋翼中的一个故障或两个都故障时,可以调整飞行器头部两侧设置的两个旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态。
请参阅图2和图3,靠近机身110头部,即远离水平推进组件140的旋翼发生故障时,可以调整靠近水平推进组件140,且位于机身两侧设置的旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态。
在一些实施方式中,如图2所示,固定翼140基本设于机身110的中部,可以提高飞行器的姿态稳定性。
如图3所示,G表示飞行器的重力,L表示固定翼的升力,Fm表示所述第一旋翼和所述第二旋翼的复合升力。可以理解的,通过控制所述第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,可以使飞行器的姿态在重力G、升力L以及复合升力Fm的作用下保持不变,或者使飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态在重力G、升力L以及复合升力Fm的作用下进行调整。
在一些实施方式中,多旋翼组件130中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度,以提高飞行效率。旋翼安装角是指其中一个或多个旋翼中桨叶的弦线与水平面之间的夹角。
示例性的,通过合理设计飞行器的气动焦点和重心位置,例如设计旋翼的安装位置,使得所述飞行器的重心位于所述固定翼的升力L的作用点与所述第一旋翼和所述第二旋翼的复合升力Fm的作用点之间,可以在飞行器巡航的过程中,仅依靠部分旋翼来控制飞行器的姿态。
在一些实施方式中,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以及控制所述水平推进组件的转动速度,以控制所述飞行器保持平稳。
示例性的,请参阅图3,所述飞行器的重心位于所述固定翼的升力L的作用点与所述第一旋翼和所述第二旋翼的复合升力Fm的作用点之间。
在一些实施方式中,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:同时调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态。
示例性的,请参阅图3,固定翼的升力L与第一旋翼和所述第二旋翼的复合升力Fm作用于飞行器的重心的力矩模长差不为零时,飞行器在该力矩模长的作用下调整俯仰姿态。举例而言,当升力L在机身纵轴方向上的分量作用于飞行器重心的力矩模长大于复合升力Fm在机身纵轴方向上的分量作用于飞行器重心的力矩模长时,飞行器的俯仰角增大,头部抬高;当固定翼的升力L在机身纵轴方向上的分量作用于飞行器重心的力矩模长小于复合升力Fm在机身纵轴方向上的分量作用于飞行器重心的力矩模长时,飞行器的俯仰角减小,头部 压低;当固定翼的升力L在机身纵轴方向上的分量作用于飞行器重心的力矩模长等于复合升力Fm在机身纵轴方向上的分量作用于飞行器重心的力矩模长时,飞行器的俯仰角可以为零。
示例性的,在调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态、俯仰姿态和偏航姿态时,可以同时增大或减小第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,例如控制第一旋翼的转速和第二旋翼的转速相等,可以降低与飞行器的横滚姿态、偏航姿态的耦合度,提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速发生转速差,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态和偏航姿态。
示例性的,当所述第一旋翼和所述第二旋翼的转速发生转速差时,所述第一旋翼的升力和所述第二旋翼的升力作用于飞行器上的力矩模长不相等,所述第一旋翼的升力和所述第二旋翼的升力作用于飞行器上的力矩模长差可以使飞行器的姿态改变,具体可以调整飞行器的横滚姿态和偏航姿态。例如当左侧旋翼的转速大于右侧旋翼的转速时,飞行器向右侧横滚以及偏航;当左侧旋翼的转速小于右侧旋翼的转速时,飞行器向左侧横滚以及偏航;当左侧旋翼的转速等于右侧旋翼的转速时,飞行器的横滚角可以为零以及偏航角维持不变。
通过调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,可以在多旋翼组件中的部分旋翼发生故障时仍可以维持飞行器正常飞行,提高了飞行器的安全性能,防止旋翼故障时飞行器失控坠毁。
在一些实施方式中,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。示例性的,该阻力是无人机前飞过程中的阻力。
示例性的,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变包括如下至少一种:改变所述水平推进器的转速,改变所述水平推进器的转动方向,所述水平推进器的姿态。
举例而言,在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的转速和/或转动方向,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
举例而言,在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,改变所述 水平推进器的姿态,例如倾转水平推进器的桨叶,以使水平推进器的桨叶对气流形成阻碍,产生阻力。
示例性的,所述减速指令可以是终端设备根据用户操作发送的,或者也可以是飞行器生成的,例如判定需要避障时生成的减速指令,当然也不限于此。
示例性的,可以控制所述水平推进器的转速降低,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。示例性的,控制所述水平推进器的转速降低,使得所述水平推进器提供的拉力或推力小于所述水平推进器的风阻,从而所述水平推进组件产生阻力,使飞行器减速。
可选的,所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,可以根据飞行器当前的空速控制所述水平推进器的转速,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。例如,根据飞行器当前的空速确定所述水平推进器当前的风阻,以及根据所述水平推进器当前的风阻控制所述水平推进器的转速降低,使得所述水平推进器提供的拉力或推力小于所述水平推进器当前的风阻。
示例性的,可以控制所述水平推进器反向转动,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。例如控制机体尾部的水平推进器反向转动,使得水平推进器产生向后的拉力,飞行器减速,即,飞行器在减速时,控制尾推电机进入反推状态,提供负推力加快减速。
示例性的,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:停止向所述水平推进组件供电,以使所述水平推进器在气流作用下转动。
停止向所述水平推进组件供电时,水平推进组件的桨叶可以顺着气流的方向自转,对风具有阻力效果,产生阻力。可选的,可以对水平推进组件进行电气制动,如反接制动、能耗制动、电容制动、回馈制动,增大阻力,以快速响应所述减速指令。
在一些实施方式中,在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力;以及当减速完成后,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力。可以理解的,所述水平推进器既可以用于减速时产生阻力,又可以在巡航时提供水平推力,使飞行器保持速度不变或者加速,因此,飞行器的 机动性能更好。
通过在飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,可以更迅速的响应减速指令,提升避障性能,安全性更好。
在一些实施方式中,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,并在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
在飞行器加速时,除了控制水平推进组件的转动速度,还通过同时控制飞行器的俯仰姿态,利用多旋翼组件的推力在水平方向上的分量,提高加速或减速的效率。示例性的,在飞行器加速时,同时控制飞行器的俯仰角减小,头部压低,多旋翼组件的推力在水平方向推动飞行器加速;在飞行器减速时,同时控制飞行器的俯仰角增大,头部抬高,多旋翼组件的推力在水平方向拉着飞行器减速。在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态,多旋翼组件的推力与重力方向相反,飞行器可以进入定速平稳飞行。其中俯仰角用于指示机体轴(沿机头方向)与地平面(水平面)之间的夹角,飞行器水平巡航时俯仰角为零,飞行器向下低头时,俯仰角为负,飞行器向上抬头时,俯仰角为正。
在一些实施方式中,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,提高加速或减速的效率;以及在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态响应于高度变化指令进行变化,当高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。通过在飞行器加速或减速时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,可以使得加速、减速更迅速,机动性更好;在加减速和高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态,可以便于飞行器平稳飞行。
示例性的,在加速完成或减速完成后,可以继续响应高度变化指令调整飞行器的俯仰姿态,例如通过控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,或者当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调 整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,以使飞行器在巡航的过程中上升或下降飞行高度。当高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态,飞行器可以进入定速平稳飞行。
在一些实施方式中,所述控制方法还包括:在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
示例性的,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。其中,用于改变所述飞行器的速度的指令可以称为速度变化指令,用于改变所述飞行器的高度的指令可以称为高度变化指令,用于改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令可以称为姿态变化指令。可以理解的,同一时刻接受到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令可以包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、姿态变化指令中的一种,或者也可以包括多种。
具体的,通过控制所述水平推进组件的转动速度可以调整飞行器巡航的速度,可以使飞行器更快的加速或减速;飞行器速度的变化引起固定翼升力的变化,固定翼的升力与旋翼组件产生的升力会引起飞行器高度的变化,可以使飞行器更快的上升或下降;在飞行器的俯仰角不为零时,在预设的其他参数下,可以通过控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态使飞行器更快的上升或下降;在飞行器的俯仰角不为零时,利用多旋翼组件的推力在水平方向上的分量,可以提高巡航速度加速或减速的效率。通过同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,可以使飞行器更快的响应指令,例如在飞行器加速或减速时,通过同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态可以使飞行器更快的加速或减速;或者在飞行器上升或下降时,通过同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态可以使飞行器更快的上升或下降,从而可以提高飞行器的机动性能。
示例性的,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。举例而言,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述速度变化指令对应的加速度负相关。
示例性的,当所述速度变化指令对应的加速度为负数,即指示所述飞行器减速时,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度为正,即控制飞行器的俯仰角增大,头部 抬高,可以更快的减速;当所述速度变化指令对应的加速度为正数,即指示所述飞行器加速时,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度为负,即控制飞行器的俯仰角减小,头部压低,可以更快的加速。
示例性的,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
示例性的,当所述高度变化指令指示所述飞行器上升,且所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,控制飞行器的俯仰角增大,飞行器可以更快的上升和更快的减速;当所述高度变化指令指示所述飞行器下降,且所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,控制飞行器的俯仰角减小,飞行器可以更快的下降和更快的加速。
示例性地,所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令包括高度指令和速度指令,两者的调节模式分为三种,(1)两者同时调节;(2)优先调节速度,后调节高度;(3)优先调节高度,后调节速度。
当两者同时调节时,在控制过程中,飞行器的高度和飞行器的速度均趋于指令所指示的目标高度和目标速度。示例性的,当飞行器接收到加速和上升指令时,飞行器调节俯仰角为负进行加速,且飞行器同时进行上升运动;当飞行器接收到减速和下降指令时,飞行器调节俯仰角为正进行减速,且飞行器同时进行下降运动。
当优先调节速度,后调节高度时,飞行器的速度先趋于指令所指示的目标速度,而后飞行器的高度才趋于指令所指示的目标高度。示例性的,当飞行器接收到加速和上升指令时,飞行器先调节俯仰角为负进行加速,且飞行器的高度保持不变,当飞行器完成速度调节后,调整俯仰角为正进行上升运动;当飞行器接收到减速和下降指令时,飞行器调节俯仰角为正进行减速,且飞行器的高度保持不变,当飞行器完成速度调节后,调整俯仰角为负进行下降运动。
当优先调节高度后调节速度时,飞行器的高度先趋于指令所指示的目标速度,而后飞行器的速度才趋于指令所指示的目标高度。示例性的,当飞行器接收到加速和上升指令时,飞行器先调节俯仰角为正进行上升,且飞行器的速度保持不变,当飞行器完成高度调节后,调整俯仰角为负进行加速运动;当飞行 器接收到减速和下降指令时,飞行器调节俯仰角为负进行下降,且飞行器的速度保持不变,当飞行器完成高度调节后,调整俯仰角为正进行减速运动。
示例性的,当优先调节速度,后调节高度时,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于接收到的所述指令指示的高度(改变后的高度或维持的高度)。若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度(改变后的高度或维持的高度)。示例性的,当优先调节速度,后调节高度时,当所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,同时控制所述水平推进组件的转动速度加速和飞行器的俯仰角减小以尽快加速;加速过程中飞行器的俯仰角减小,即飞行器优先响应速度变化指令,加速完成后,飞行器的高度低于所述高度变化指令指示的高度;在加速完成后,可以继续根据所述高度变化指令调整飞行器的高度。当所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,同时控制所述水平推进组件的转动速度减速和飞行器的俯仰角增大以尽快减速;减速过程中飞行器的俯仰角增大,减速完成后,飞行器的高度高于所述高度变化指令指示的高度;在减速完成后,可以继续根据所述高度变化指令调整飞行器的高度。
举例而言,当同时调节高度和速度时,通过同时控制飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,使得当飞行器的速度达到速度变化指令指示的速度时,飞行器的高度也同时达到高度变化指令指示的高度。
示例性的,当同时调节高度和速度时,飞行器的俯仰角根据高度指令和速度指令进行调节。不同的高度指令和速度指令组合所指示的目标俯仰角不同,包括是正、负或者水平。
在一些实施方式中,所述控制方法还包括:所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。通过在飞行器加速或减速时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,可以使得加速、减速更迅速,机动性更好;在加减速和高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态,可以便于飞行器平稳飞行。
在一些实施方式中,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度,包括:根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度;根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量;根据所述第一目标俯仰角度和所述俯仰补偿量的和确定第二目标俯仰角度;根据所述第二目标俯仰角度,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度趋向所述第二目标俯仰角度。通过根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量,以及根据俯仰补偿量对飞行器加速或者减速时的俯仰姿态进行调整,可以加快完成加速或减速,提高飞行器的机动性能。
可选的,所述俯仰补偿量与所述速度变化指令对应的加速度负相关。示例性的,所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,所述俯仰补偿量为负值;所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,所述俯仰补偿量为正值。可以理解的,在飞行器加速时,控制飞行器的俯仰角减小,头部压低,多旋翼组件的推力在水平方向推动飞行器加速;在飞行器减速时,控制飞行器的俯仰角增大,头部抬高,多旋翼组件的推力在水平方向拉着飞行器减速。
示例性的,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:基于预设的第一目标俯仰角度与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述第一目标俯仰角度。举例而言,所述预设的第一目标俯仰角度与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系存储在数据库中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令在数据库中可以查询得到所述第一目标俯仰角度。
示例性的,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度。
在一些实施方式中,基于所述预设的优化模型确定的目标俯仰角度等控制参数能够保证飞行器在全飞行包线内稳定飞行,且具备良好控制品质。举例而言,飞行器有多个稳定巡航状态,例如由于水平推进组件参与控制,飞行器在稳定速度下的飞行迎角可以由多种,不同巡航状态飞行器功率不一致,所述预设的优化模型确定的目标俯仰角度等控制参数能够使飞行器处于最佳巡航功率飞行。
在一些实施方式中,所述预设的优化模型的状态量包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。可以理解的,第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力可以控制飞行器的高度和速度,优化模型可以确定与速度变化指令、高度变化指令对应的最优的第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
示例性的,基于数学推导可以根据速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定对应的俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力的表达式,根据俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力的表达式以及优化模型的状态量中的第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力,可以确定目标函数的值,通过优化求解,可以得到优化后的状态量,即与速度变化指令、高度变化指令对应的较佳的第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
示例性的,所述优化模型的目标函数包括以下至少一项:功率需求、响应时间、执行器输出变化、执行器功率。举例而言,基于飞行器的功率模型函数,确定速度变化指令和高度变化指令对应的功率需求,通过在求解较佳的第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力时引入功率需求的因素,确定的控制参数能够使飞行器处于最佳巡航功率飞行。举例而言,功率模型函数可以通过在风洞实验中,测量得到根据不同飞行迎角下、不同转速下旋翼电机和水平推进组件的电机的功率值得到。
示例性的,所述优化模型的约束条件包括以下至少一项:飞行迎角约束、飞行状态约束、动作幅度约束。可以使得基于所述预设的优化模型确定的目标俯仰角度等控制参数具有更高的安全性能。
在一些实施方式中,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,包括:根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的旋翼升力,调节所述多旋翼组件中旋翼的转速;和/或根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的水平推力,调节所述水平推进组件的转动速度。以使飞行器根据所述速度变化指令调整飞行速度,以及根据所述高度变化指令调节飞行高度。
示例性的,可以基于预设的旋翼升力和水平推力与速度变化指令和高度变 化指令的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。举例而言,所述预设的第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力、水平推力与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系存储在数据库中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令在数据库中可以查询得到所述第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
示例性的,可以基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。在一些实施方式中,所述预设的优化模型的状态量包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。示例性的,所述优化模型的目标函数包括以下至少一项:功率需求、响应时间、执行器输出变化、执行器功率。示例性的,所述优化模型的约束条件包括以下至少一项:飞行迎角约束、飞行状态约束、动作幅度约束。
在一些实施方式中,如图4所示,基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度θ1、旋翼升力、水平推力,以及根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量,根据所述第一目标俯仰角度θ1和所述俯仰补偿量的和确定第二目标俯仰角度θ2;举例而言,可以基于补偿模型根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量,所述补偿模型用于指示所述俯仰补偿量与所述速度变化指令对应的加速度负相关。
示例性的,基于俯仰控制器可以控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度趋向所述第二目标俯仰角度,例如可以通过PID(比例积分微分)控制器实现;可以在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,或者在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态。
示例性的,可以基于速度控制器,根据速度变化指令确定水平推力,例如根据速度控制器输出的水平推力和/或优化模型输出的水平推力控制水平推进器的转速和/或转动方向。示例性的,根据优化模型输出的旋翼升力控制多旋翼组件的转速。
在一些实施方式中,如图5所示飞行器巡航时受力的示意图。其中,L表 示固定翼产生的升力,D表示固定翼产生的阻力,Fm表示多旋翼组件产生的升力,T表示水平推进组件产生的推力,G表示飞行器的重力;X_g表示地轴系横轴,X_b表示体轴系纵轴,V表示飞行器的空速,alpha(α)表示固定翼的迎角,theta(θ)表示飞行器的俯仰角,Mmy表示俯仰力矩模长。
飞行器的纵向动力学方程组可以表示如下:
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000002
其中,q表示俯仰角速率,μ表示航迹倾斜角,m表示飞行器的质量,ΣF x表示飞行器在水平方向上的受力之和,ΣF z表示飞行器纵向上的受力之和,
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000003
表示空速的加速度,
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000004
表示航迹倾斜角速度,
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000005
表示俯仰角速度。
飞行器的纵向动力学方程组为一个欠定方程组,存在多种稳定状态,对于每一种稳定状态而言,飞行器的功率及飞行效率不同。
示例性的,随着空速V增加,升力L增大,为了维持高度不变,需要调节飞行器的迎角α或减小旋翼推力Fm。但是当旋翼升力Fm降低时,会导致旋翼电机转速过低,甚至出现动力饱和,无法提供足够的俯仰力矩模长、滚转力矩模长来维持飞行器姿态的稳定。
请参阅图4,优化模型可以根据高度变化指令各速度变化指令确定出需要作用在飞行器水平方向上的控制力Fx和纵向(垂直方向)上的控制力Fz,以及根据控制力Fx和控制力Fz确定对应的第一目标俯仰角度θ1、旋翼升力和水平推力;由于上述欠定方程组的存在,在给定控制力之后,第一目标俯仰角度θ1、旋翼升力和水平推力会有多个值存在,不同的值作用在飞行器上后,会有不同的飞行功率,为了尽可能提高飞行器的航程,可以通过下面以下优化问题来求解最合理的第一目标俯仰角度θ1、旋翼升力和水平推力:
优化问题状态量包括航迹倾斜角μ、速度变化指令V、第一目标俯仰角度θ、旋翼升力F m和水平推力T,其中,航迹倾斜角μ可以根据速度变化指令V和高度变化指令确定,状态量可以表示为:
x=[μ V θ F m T]
优化问题的目标函数可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000006
该目标函数的目的是为了让飞行器以最小的能量要求来提供速度变化指令、高度变化指令所需要的第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。其中,P(x)=power(x),为飞行器的功率模型函数,通过在风洞实验中,测量得到不同飞行迎角下、不同转速下旋翼电机和尾推电机的功率值,可以近似得到整机的功率模型;F x(x)和F z(x)分别为飞行器水平和垂直方向上合外力计算函数,表示如下:
F x(x)=-D+T cosα-F msinα-mg sin(θ-α)
F z(z)=-L-F mcosα-Tsinα+mg cos(θ-α)
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000007
分别表示需要作用在飞行器水平方向上的控制力和纵向(垂直方向)上的控制力;K 1、K 2为权重,分别用来调节水平合外力、垂直合外力的误差在优化问题中的权重。
在求解上述优化问题时,还需要满足下面约束条件,使得求解出来的解能符合飞行器真实的运动,约束条件可以由下面的两个方程表示;
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000008
其中方程(1)是通过俯仰角下限α min和俯仰角上限α max对飞行器的飞行迎角进行约束,A是根据公式α=θ-μ得到的迎角计算矩阵;方程(2)是对飞行器的状态、输出量进行限幅,lb表示预设的第一状态向量、ub表示预设的第二状态向量。
通过对上面的优化问题求解,可以得到任意速度变化指令、高度变化指令下,飞行器获得需要作用在飞行器水平方向上的控制力和纵向(垂直方向)上的控制力时,所需的第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。通过如图4所示的控制系统,实现对飞行器的纵向控制。需要说明的是,在一些实施方式中,也可以不基于补偿模型根据速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量,以及根据俯仰补偿量增加到第一目标俯仰角度θ1上,能使飞行器处于一个比较经济的巡航状态。
示例性的,如图4所示,通过基于补偿模型根据速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量,以及根据俯仰补偿量增加到第一目标俯仰角度θ1上,即增加速度变化指令到俯仰角的前馈通道,可以增加飞行器加减速时的机动性。请参阅图4,虚线所示的前馈通道为一个非线性不完全微分环节,其传递函数可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2021115135-appb-000009
其中K(V cmd,V cur)是与飞行器的当前空速V cur和速度变化指令V cmd有关的函数,可以理解的,可以增加飞行器加减速时的机动性。
本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法,在飞行器巡航的过程中,控制多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得多旋翼组件和固定翼共同为飞行器提供升力;在飞行器巡航的过程中,控制多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整飞行器的姿态;在飞行器巡航的过程中,当多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零,能够提高具有旋翼和固定翼的飞行器的飞行效率、机动性能和安全性能。
请结合前述实施例参阅图6,图6是本申请实施例提供的一种飞行器的控制方法的流程示意图。所述飞行器的控制方法可以应用在飞行器或飞行器的控制装置,如飞行控制器中,用于控制飞行器的飞行姿态等过程。进一步而言,飞行器可以为无人飞行器,或者也可以为载人飞行器。
在一些实施方式中,飞行器可以自主飞行,或者可以根据从终端设备发送的指令,如速度变化指令、姿态变化指令、高度变化指令飞行。示例性的,终端设备包括以下至少一种:手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑、个人数字助理、穿戴式设备、遥控器。
如图2所示,飞行器100包括机身110、固定翼120、多旋翼组件130、以及水平推进组件140,固定翼120位于机身110的两侧,多旋翼组件130安装于机身110或固定翼120上,水平推进组件140位于机身110的头部101或者尾部,用于为飞行器100提供巡航的水平推力。示例性的,固定翼120的两侧对称连接有支架150,多旋翼组件130连接在支架150上。
可选的,固定翼120的数目可以为一个或多个,或者固定翼120可以与机身110一体式设置,例如采用翼身组合体构型。
可选的,多旋翼组件130包括多个旋翼,或者多个涵道风扇,可以采用例如6轴或共轴双桨的形式,旋翼的桨叶数量可以为两叶、三叶、四叶、不限制桨叶叶片数量。
可选的,水平推进组件140包括一个或多个螺旋桨,或者包括一个或多个涵道风扇。在一些实施方式中,可以通过控制水平推进组件140产生偏航力矩模长,以调整飞行器的偏航姿态。
如图6所示,本申请实施例的飞行器的控制方法包括步骤S210至步骤S230。
S210、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
S220、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
S230、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
可选的,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变包括如下至少一种:改变所述水平推进器的转速,改变所述水平推进器的转动方向,所述水平推进器的姿态。
可选的,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:控制所述水平推进器的转速降低或者控制所述水平推进器反向转动,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
可选的,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:
停止向所述水平推进组件供电,以使所述水平推进器在气流作用下转动。
可选的,所述控制方法还包括:
当减速完成后,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力。
可选的,所述控制方法还包括:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,并在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态;或
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,以及在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态响应于高度变 化指令进行变化,当高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
可选的,所述控制方法还包括:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
可选的,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
可选的,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
可选的,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
可选的,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
可选的,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
可选的,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
可选的,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
可选的,所述控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,包括:当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态;其中,所述第一旋翼和第二旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
可选的,所述控制方法还包括:
所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法,通过在飞行器巡航的过程中,控 制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,可以更迅速的响应减速指令,提升避障性能,安全性更好。
本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法的具体原理和实现方式均与前述实施例的飞行器的控制方法类似,此处不再赘述。
请结合前述实施例参阅图7,图7是本申请实施例提供的一种飞行器的控制方法的流程示意图。所述飞行器的控制方法可以应用在飞行器或飞行器的控制装置,如飞行控制器中,用于控制飞行器的飞行姿态等过程。进一步而言,飞行器可以为无人飞行器,或者也可以为载人飞行器。
在一些实施方式中,飞行器可以自主飞行,或者可以根据从终端设备发送的指令,如速度变化指令、姿态变化指令、高度变化指令飞行。示例性的,终端设备包括以下至少一种:手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑、个人数字助理、穿戴式设备、遥控器。
如图2所示,飞行器100包括机身110、固定翼120、多旋翼组件130、以及水平推进组件140,固定翼120位于机身110的两侧,多旋翼组件130安装于机身110或固定翼120上,水平推进组件140位于机身110的头部101或者尾部,用于为飞行器100提供巡航的水平推力。示例性的,固定翼120的两侧对称连接有支架150,多旋翼组件130连接在支架150上。
可选的,固定翼120的数目可以为一个或多个,或者固定翼120可以与机身110一体式设置,例如采用翼身组合体构型。
可选的,多旋翼组件130包括多个旋翼,或者多个涵道风扇,可以采用例如6轴或共轴双桨的形式,旋翼的桨叶数量可以为两叶、三叶、四叶、不限制桨叶叶片数量。
可选的,水平推进组件140包括一个或多个螺旋桨,或者包括一个或多个涵道风扇。在一些实施方式中,可以通过控制水平推进组件140产生偏航力矩模长,以调整飞行器的偏航姿态。
如图7所示,本申请实施例的飞行器的控制方法包括步骤S310至步骤S330。
S310、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
S320、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转 速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
S330、在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
可选的,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
可选的,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
可选的,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
可选的,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
可选的,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
可选的,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度,包括:
根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度;
根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量;
根据所述第一目标俯仰角度和所述俯仰补偿量的和确定第二目标俯仰角度;
根据所述第二目标俯仰角度,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度趋向所述第二目标俯仰角度。
可选的,所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,所述俯仰补偿量为负值;所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,所述俯仰补偿量为正值。
可选的,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:
基于预设的第一目标俯仰角度与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述第一目标俯仰角度。
可选的,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:
基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度。
可选的,所述预设的优化模型的状态量包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
可选的,所述优化模型的目标函数包括以下至少一项:功率需求、响应时间、执行器输出变化、执行器功率。
可选的,所述优化模型的约束条件包括以下至少一项:飞行迎角约束、飞行状态约束、动作幅度约束。
可选的,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,包括:
根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的旋翼升力,调节所述多旋翼组件中旋翼的转速;和/或
根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的水平推力,调节所述水平推进组件的转动速度。
可选的,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:
基于预设的旋翼升力和水平推力与速度变化指令和高度变化指令的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
可选的,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:
基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
可选的,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
可选的,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
可选的,所述控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,包括:当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态;其中,所述第一旋翼和第二旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
可选的,所述控制方法还包括:
所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法,在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,通过控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态可以使飞行器更快的响应速度变化指令和/或高度变化指令,提高飞行器的机动性能。
本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法的具体原理和实现方式均与前述实施例的飞行器的控制方法类似,此处不再赘述。
请结合上述实施例参阅图11,图11是本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制装置600的示意性框图。
在一些实施方式中,飞行器可以自主飞行,或者可以根据从终端设备发送的指令,如速度变化指令、姿态变化指令、高度变化指令飞行。示例性的,终端设备包括以下至少一种:手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑、个人数字助理、穿戴式设备、遥控器。
如图2所示,飞行器100包括机身110、固定翼120、多旋翼组件130、以及水平推进组件140,固定翼120位于机身110的两侧,多旋翼组件130安装于机身110或固定翼120上,水平推进组件140位于机身110的头部101或者尾部,用于为飞行器100提供巡航的水平推力。示例性的,固定翼120的两侧对称连接有支架150,多旋翼组件130连接在支架150上。
可选的,固定翼120的数目可以为一个或多个,或者固定翼120可以与机身110一体式设置,例如采用翼身组合体构型。
可选的,多旋翼组件130包括多个旋翼,或者多个涵道风扇,可以采用例如6轴或共轴双桨的形式,旋翼的桨叶数量可以为两叶、三叶、四叶、不限制桨叶叶片数量。
可选的,水平推进组件140包括一个或多个螺旋桨,或者包括一个或多个涵道风扇。在一些实施方式中,可以通过控制水平推进组件140产生偏航力矩模长,以调整飞行器的偏航姿态。
该控制装置600包括一个或多个处理器601,一个或多个处理器601单独地或共同地工作,用于执行前述的飞行器的控制方法。
示例性的,控制装置600还包括存储器602。
示例性的,处理器601和存储器602通过总线603连接,该总线603比如为I2C(Inter-integrated Circuit)总线。
具体地,处理器601可以是微控制单元(Micro-controller Unit,MCU)、中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU)或数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)等。
具体地,存储器602可以是Flash芯片、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)磁盘、光盘、U盘或移动硬盘等。
其中,所述处理器601用于运行存储在存储器602中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现前述的飞行器的控制方法。
示例性的,所述处理器601用于运行存储在存储器602中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
示例性的,所述处理器601用于运行存储在存储器602中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
示例性的,所述处理器601用于运行存储在存储器602中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
本申请实施例提供的飞行器的控制装置的具体原理和实现方式均与前述实施例的飞行器的控制方法类似,此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时使所述处理器实现上述实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法的步骤。
其中,所述计算机可读存储介质可以是前述任一实施例所述的控制装置的内部存储单元,例如所述控制装置的硬盘或内存。所述计算机可读存储介质也可以是所述控制装置的外部存储设备,例如所述控制装置上配备的插接式硬盘,智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC),安全数字(Secure Digital,SD)卡,闪存卡(Flash Card)等。
请结合前述实施例参阅图9,图9是本申请实施例提供的飞行器700的示意性框图。
如图9所示,飞行器700包括机身710、固定翼720、多旋翼组件730、以及水平推进组件740,固定翼720位于机身710的两侧,多旋翼组件730安装 于机身710或固定翼720上,水平推进组件740位于机身710的头部或者尾部,用于为飞行器700提供巡航的水平推力。示例性的,固定翼720的两侧对称连接有支架,多旋翼组件730连接在支架上。
可选的,固定翼720的数目可以为一个或多个,或者固定翼720可以与机身710一体式设置,例如采用翼身组合体构型。
可选的,多旋翼组件730包括多个旋翼,或者多个涵道风扇,可以采用例如6轴或共轴双桨的形式,旋翼的桨叶数量可以为两叶、三叶、四叶、不限制桨叶叶片数量。
可选的,水平推进组件740包括一个或多个螺旋桨,或者包括一个或多个涵道风扇。在一些实施方式中,可以通过控制水平推进组件740产生偏航力矩模长,以调整飞行器的偏航姿态。
该飞行器700包括一个或多个处理器701,一个或多个处理器701单独地或共同地工作,用于执行前述的飞行器的控制方法。
示例性的,飞行器700还包括存储器702。
示例性的,处理器701和存储器702通过总线703连接,该总线703比如为I2C(Inter-integrated Circuit)总线。
具体地,处理器701可以是微控制单元(Micro-controller Unit,MCU)、中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU)或数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)等。
具体地,存储器702可以是Flash芯片、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)磁盘、光盘、U盘或移动硬盘等。
其中,所述处理器701用于运行存储在存储器702中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现前述的飞行器的控制方法。
示例性的,所述处理器701用于运行存储在存储器702中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
示例性的,所述处理器701用于运行存储在存储器702中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
示例性的,所述处理器701用于运行存储在存储器702中的计算机程序,并在执行所述计算机程序时实现如下步骤:
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
本申请实施例提供的飞行器的具体原理和实现方式均与前述实施例的飞行器的控制方法类似,此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序中包括程序指令,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时使所述处理器实现上述实施例提供的飞行器的控制方法的步骤。
其中,所述计算机可读存储介质可以是前述任一实施例所述的飞行器的内部存储单元,例如所述飞行器的硬盘或内存。所述计算机可读存储介质也可以是所述飞行器的外部存储设备,例如所述飞行器上配备的插接式硬盘,智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC),安全数字(Secure Digital,SD)卡,闪存卡(Flash  Card)等。
应当理解,在此本申请中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的而并不意在限制本申请。
还应当理解,在本申请和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合,并且包括这些组合。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (74)

  1. 一种飞行器的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制方法包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零,包括如下至少一种:
    所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的俯仰轴的力矩模长大于零;
    所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的航向轴的力矩模长大于零;
    所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力相较于所述机身的横滚轴的力矩模长大于零。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:
    调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以及控制所述水平推进组件的转动速度,以控制所述飞行器保持平稳。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:
    同时调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞 行器的俯仰姿态。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态,包括:
    调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速发生转速差,以控制所述飞行器的横滚姿态和偏航姿态。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
  8. 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器的重心位于所述固定翼的升力的作用点与所述第一旋翼和所述第二旋翼的复合升力的作用点之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变包括如下至少一种:改变所述水平推进器的转速,改变所述水平推进器的转动方向,所述水平推进器的姿态。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:控制所述水平推进器的转速降低或者控制所述水平推进器反向转动,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:
    停止向所述水平推进组件供电,以使所述水平推进器在气流作用下转动。
  13. 根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    当减速完成后,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,为所述飞行器提供 巡航的水平推力。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,并在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态;或
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,以及在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态响应于高度变化指令进行变化,当高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
  15. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
  17. 根据权利要求14或15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的控制方法,其特征在于,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
  19. 根据权利要求14或15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
  20. 根据权利要求14或15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
  21. 根据权利要求14-20中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度,包括:
    根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度;
    根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量;
    根据所述第一目标俯仰角度和所述俯仰补偿量的和确定第二目标俯仰角度;
    根据所述第二目标俯仰角度,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度趋向所述第二目标俯仰角度。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,所述俯仰补偿量为负值;所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,所述俯仰补偿量为正值。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:
    基于预设的第一目标俯仰角度与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述第一目标俯仰角度。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:
    基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述预设的优化模型的状态量包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的目标函数包括以下至少一项:功率需求、响应时间、执行器输出变化、执行器功率。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的约束 条件包括以下至少一项:飞行迎角约束、飞行状态约束、动作幅度约束。
  28. 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,包括:
    根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的旋翼升力,调节所述多旋翼组件中旋翼的转速;和/或
    根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的水平推力,调节所述水平推进组件的转动速度。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:
    基于预设的旋翼升力和水平推力与速度变化指令和高度变化指令的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:
    基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
  31. 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
  32. 一种飞行器的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;所述控制方法包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调 整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变包括如下至少一种:改变所述水平推进器的转速,改变所述水平推进器的转动方向,所述水平推进器的姿态。
  34. 根据权利要求32所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:控制所述水平推进器的转速降低或者控制所述水平推进器反向转动,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
  35. 根据权利要求32所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力,包括:
    停止向所述水平推进组件供电,以使所述水平推进器在气流作用下转动。
  36. 根据权利要求32-35中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    当减速完成后,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力。
  37. 根据权利要求32-36中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,并在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态;或
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度进行加速或者减速,以及在加速完成或减速完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态响应于高度变化指令进行变化,当高度调整完成后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
  38. 根据权利要求32-36中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
  40. 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的控制方法,其特征在于,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
  42. 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
  43. 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
  44. 根据权利要求32-43中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
  46. 根据权利要求37或38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,包括:当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态;其中,所述第一旋翼和第二旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
  47. 根据权利要求38所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
  48. 一种飞行器的控制方法,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部;所述控制方法包括:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述改变所述飞行器的飞行状态包括如下至少一种:改变所述飞行器的速度,改变所述飞行器的高度,改变所述飞行器的姿态。
  50. 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态和所述水平推进组件的转动速度时,所述飞行器的俯仰角度与所述飞行器的加速度负相关。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的控制方法,其特征在于,改变所述飞行器的高度的指令相同以及改变所述飞行器的姿态的指令相同时,所述飞行器加速时的俯仰角度小于所述飞行器减速时的俯仰角度。
  52. 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器加速及改变高度或维持高度不变,加速完成后所述飞行器的高度低于所述指令指示的高度。
  53. 根据权利要求48所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令进行控制时,若接收到的指令指示所述飞行器减速 及改变高度或维持高度不变,减速完成后所述飞行器的高度高于所述指令指示的高度。
  54. 根据权利要求48-53中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度,包括:
    根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度;
    根据所述速度变化指令确定俯仰补偿量;
    根据所述第一目标俯仰角度和所述俯仰补偿量的和确定第二目标俯仰角度;
    根据所述第二目标俯仰角度,控制所述飞行器的俯仰角度趋向所述第二目标俯仰角度。
  55. 根据权利要求54所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器加速时,所述俯仰补偿量为负值;所述速度变化指令指示所述飞行器减速时,所述俯仰补偿量为正值。
  56. 根据权利要求54所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:
    基于预设的第一目标俯仰角度与速度变化指令、高度变化指令之间的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述第一目标俯仰角度。
  57. 根据权利要求54所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度,包括:
    基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定第一目标俯仰角度。
  58. 根据权利要求57所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述预设的优化模型的状态量包括速度变化指令、高度变化指令、第一目标俯仰角度、旋翼升力和水平推力。
  59. 根据权利要求57所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的目标函数包括以下至少一项:功率需求、响应时间、执行器输出变化、执行器功率。
  60. 根据权利要求57所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述优化模型的约束条件包括以下至少一项:飞行迎角约束、飞行状态约束、动作幅度约束。
  61. 根据权利要求48-60中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据 接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,包括:
    根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的旋翼升力,调节所述多旋翼组件中旋翼的转速;和/或
    根据由接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定的水平推力,调节所述水平推进组件的转动速度。
  62. 根据权利要求61所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:
    基于预设的旋翼升力和水平推力与速度变化指令和高度变化指令的对应关系,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
  63. 根据权利要求61所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力,还包括:
    基于预设的优化模型,根据接收到的速度变化指令和高度变化指令确定所述旋翼升力和所述水平推力。
  64. 根据权利要求48-63中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述固定翼基本设于所述机身的中部。
  65. 根据权利要求64所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述多旋翼组件中其中一个旋翼或多个旋翼的旋翼安装角大于或等于5度,且小于或等于25度。
  66. 根据权利要求48-63中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态,包括:当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整位于机身两侧设置的第一旋翼和第二旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态;其中,所述第一旋翼和第二旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
  67. 根据权利要求48-63中任一项所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法还包括:
    所述接收到的指令改变所述飞行器的飞行状态之后,使所述飞行器的俯仰 姿态返回水平巡航的状态。
  68. 一种飞行器的控制装置,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
    所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
  69. 一种飞行器的控制装置,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
    所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
  70. 一种飞行器的控制装置,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头 部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
    所述控制装置包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
  71. 一种飞行器,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
    所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当所述多旋翼组件中的至少一个旋翼发生故障时,调整至少一个正常的所述旋翼的转速,以控制所述飞行器的姿态;其中,所有所述正常的旋翼产生的复合升力作用于所述机身的力矩模长大于零。
  72. 一种飞行器,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
    所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,当接收到减速指令时,控制所述水平推进器的工作状态改变,以使所述水平推进组件产生阻力。
  73. 一种飞行器,其特征在于,所述飞行器包括机身、固定翼、多旋翼组件、以及水平推进组件,所述固定翼位于所述机身的两侧,所述多旋翼组件安装于所述机身或所述固定翼上,所述水平推进组件位于所述机身的头部或者尾部,用于为所述飞行器提供巡航的水平推力;
    所述飞行器还包括一个或多个处理器,单独地或共同地工作,用于执行如下步骤:
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件的所有旋翼转动,以使得所述多旋翼组件和所述固定翼共同为所述飞行器提供升力;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,控制所述多旋翼组件中多个旋翼的转速以调整所述飞行器的姿态;
    在所述飞行器巡航的过程中,根据接收到的改变所述飞行器的飞行状态的指令,同时控制所述飞行器的俯仰姿态、所述水平推进组件的转动速度以及所述旋翼组件产生的升力。
  74. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时使所述处理器实现:
    如权利要求1-31中任一项所述的飞行器的控制方法;或者
    如权利要求32-47中任一项所述的飞行器的控制方法;或者
    如权利要求48-67中任一项所述的飞行器的控制方法。
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