WO2023025227A1 - 一种自调节对中的端子安装结构 - Google Patents

一种自调节对中的端子安装结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023025227A1
WO2023025227A1 PCT/CN2022/114697 CN2022114697W WO2023025227A1 WO 2023025227 A1 WO2023025227 A1 WO 2023025227A1 CN 2022114697 W CN2022114697 W CN 2022114697W WO 2023025227 A1 WO2023025227 A1 WO 2023025227A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
self
mounting
installation
conductive terminal
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/114697
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
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Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd filed Critical Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Priority to US18/685,441 priority Critical patent/US20240343139A1/en
Priority to EP22860573.9A priority patent/EP4395082B1/en
Publication of WO2023025227A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023025227A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/40—Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/502—Bases; Cases composed of different pieces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/631—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/631—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only
    • H01R13/6315—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only allowing relative movement between coupling parts, e.g. floating connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R27/00—Coupling parts adapted for co-operation with two or more dissimilar counterparts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
    • H01R2201/26—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrical connection, in particular to a self-adjusting centering terminal mounting structure.
  • the charging gun head and the charging stand of new energy vehicles will have conductive terminals with a plug-in structure, and the conductive terminals are fixed on the charging gun head or the terminal holder of the charging stand.
  • the conductive terminal and the terminal holder are usually installed in a tight fit or with a small gap to fix the conductive terminal so that the conductive terminal will not shake or move.
  • the present invention provides a self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure, which can realize automatic centering between the terminals of the mating structure Adjustment can not only adapt to the plugging and unplugging of different charging bases or charging gun heads, but also avoid the spread of "failure infection”.
  • a self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure includes a conductive terminal and a terminal holder, the conductive terminal includes a fixed section, a card slot is provided outside the fixed section, and a mounting bracket is provided inside the terminal holder.
  • the slots of the conductive terminals are arranged in the installation holes, and there is an installation gap between the slots and the installation holes.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure can realize the automatic centering adjustment between the conductive terminals of the plug-in structure through the installation gap contained between the card slot and the installation hole, and can not only adapt to different charging
  • the plugging and unplugging of the socket or charging gun head can also avoid the spread of "failure infection".
  • the manufacturing accuracy of the charging gun head and the charging stand can also be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of the self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic axial sectional view of the self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the installation gap in FIG. 3 .
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of preset holes of the self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure of the present invention.
  • a self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure including a conductive terminal 1 and a terminal holder 2, the conductive terminal 1 includes a fixed section 12, the fixed section 12 is provided with a card slot 14, and the terminal holder 2 is provided with a mounting hole 21,
  • the slot 14 of the conductive terminal 1 is disposed in the installation hole 21 , and there is an installation gap 3 between the slot 14 and the installation hole 21 , as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 .
  • the conductive terminal 1 can move freely within a certain range along the axial and radial directions of the installation hole 21, so that each pair of terminals in the mating structure can Coaxial plugging is realized between them, so as to realize the automatic centering adjustment between the conductive terminals 1 of the plug-in structure. Not only can it adapt to the plugging and unplugging of different charging bases or charging gun heads, but it can also avoid the spread of "failure infection".
  • the installation gap 3 includes a radial gap 31 , the radial gap 31 may be 0.3mm-3.7mm, and the conductive terminal 1 can move within the range of the radial gap 31 along the radial direction of the conductive terminal 1 .
  • the installation gap 3 also includes an axial gap 32, which can be 0.4mm-12.3mm, and the conductive terminal 1 can move within the range of the axial gap 32 along the axial direction of the conductive terminal 1, as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the size of the radial gap 31 and the axial gap 32 can also be determined according to requirements.
  • the radial direction of the conductive terminal 1 is the up-down direction in FIG. 4
  • the axial direction of the conductive terminal 1 is the left-right direction in FIG. 4
  • the slot 14 of the conductive terminal 1 includes a slot bottom surface 141 and two slot sides 142
  • the installation hole 21 of the terminal holder 2 includes a top surface 213 and two installation hole sides 214 .
  • the radial gap 31 is the distance between the bottom peripheral surface 141 of the slot and the top peripheral surface 213 of the installation hole when one side is close to the other side
  • the axial gap 32 is the side 142 of the slot and the adjacent installation hole. Maximum distance between sides 214 .
  • the existence of the radial gap 31 and the axial gap 32 is to allow the conductive terminal 1 to have room to adjust the angle, pointing to different angles. However, when the angle of the conductive terminal 1 is too large, it will touch other components in the charging stand, causing bumps, thereby damaging the conductive terminal 1 or other components.
  • test 10 conductive terminals 1 with the same diameter respectively set different radial gaps 31 and axial gaps 32 and match the same mounting holes 21, observe whether the conductive terminals 1 touch other devices, and record the results.
  • Table 1 shows.
  • the inventor selected the radial clearance 31 to be 0.3mm-3.7mm, and the axial clearance
  • the gap 32 is 0.4mm-12.3mm as a better choice.
  • the advantages of the above selected range it can ensure the effectiveness of product alignment, improve the service life of terminals, reduce contact resistance and avoid the risk of excessive temperature rise and fire due to misalignment.
  • the inventor found in actual work that too small a radial gap 31 or an axial gap 32 will cause installation difficulties, and the plating layer on the conductive terminal 1 is easy to be scraped off during the installation process.
  • the radial gap 31 is 0.5mm-2mm
  • the axial gap 32 is 1mm-8mm.
  • the inventor conducted related experiments.
  • the test method is to select 10 sets of charging bases, set different radial gaps 31 and axial gaps 32 combinations, and then insert them with 10 sets of brand-new matching charging gun heads respectively, and observe whether the terminals of the charging gun heads have "failure infection".
  • "Phenomenon the specific performance is that the connection between the terminals is too tight or the plating on the surface of the terminals is scraped off. If the phenomenon of "failure infection" is found, it will be regarded as unqualified.
  • the inventor also conducted a test of the centering effect.
  • the test method was to take a number of brand-new charging stands of the same specification. Each charging stand has two butt terminals.
  • the conductive terminals 1 selected by the inventor are different axial gaps 32 and The combinations of radial gaps 31 are respectively plugged with 100 charging stands, and the one-time plugging success is qualified.
  • the one-time plugging success rate of each combination and 100 charging stands is recorded, and the success rate reaches 95% as qualified.
  • the results are shown in Table 3.
  • Table 3 The success rate of one-time insertion of different radial gaps and axial gaps and the charging stand
  • an elastic soft rubber ring may also be provided between the card slot 14 and the installation hole 21, and the elastic soft rubber ring may be a solid or hollow structure.
  • the section of the elastic soft rubber ring is concave, and the elastic soft rubber ring is fitted between the slot 14 of the conductive terminal 1 and the mounting hole 21 of the terminal holder 2 .
  • the material of the elastic soft rubber ring can be selected from existing rubber, and the elastic soft rubber ring can prevent the conductive terminal 1 from accidentally falling off from the terminal holder 2, and can also play a buffering role when the conductive terminal 1 is inserted into the mounting hole 21. The impact of the conductive terminal 1 on the terminal holder 2 is reduced.
  • the terminal holder 2 includes a mounting panel 22 , and the mounting hole 21 is located on the mounting panel 22 .
  • the mounting hole 21 is located on the mounting panel 22 .
  • two or three mounting holes 21 may be provided on the mounting panel 22.
  • the self-adjusting terminal mounting structure includes two or three conductive terminals 1, and the conductive terminals 1 correspond to the mounting holes 21 one by one. Docking.
  • the terminal holder 2 further includes a reinforcing rib 23 located around the mounting hole 21 , and the reinforcing rib 23 is arranged perpendicular to the mounting panel 22 .
  • the function of the reinforcing ribs 23 is to enhance the strength of the mounting panel 22 at the mounting hole 21, the reinforcing ribs 23 are located at the back of the mounting panel 22, the reinforcing ribs 23 are located around the mounting holes 21, and the reinforcing ribs
  • the section of 23 is arc-shaped.
  • a passage 24 is provided between the edge of the installation panel 22 and the installation hole 21, and the slot 14 of the conductive terminal 1 can enter the installation hole 21 through the passage 24 (which may be called the first passage). .
  • the width of the channel 24 is smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole 21 .
  • the mounting panel 22 also includes a preset hole 4 and a passage 24 (which may be referred to as a second passage). As shown in FIG. 5 , the preset hole 4 communicates with the installation hole 21 through the passage 24. The diameter of the hole 4 is larger than the maximum diameter of the section of the conductive terminal 1 .
  • the conductive terminal 1 cannot be pushed into the mounting hole 21 from the side. Enter the installation hole 21 through the channel 24 to complete the installation of the conductive terminal 1 . (Wherein, the above-mentioned first channel and the second channel may exist simultaneously or alternatively).
  • the ratio of the minimum width of the channel 24 to the minimum diameter of the slot 14 is 93%-98.5%. That is to say, the width of the channel 24 is smaller than the diameter of the radial section of the slot 14 , so that the conductive terminal 1 will not come out of the mounting hole 21 after the conductive terminal 1 and the terminal holder 2 are assembled. But when the channel 24 is too narrow, it will cause difficulty in assembly. In order to verify the influence of the percentage of the minimum width of the channel 24 to the minimum diameter of the slot 14 on the assembly effect, the inventors conducted related experiments.
  • the test method is to use a thrust of 50N to clamp the conductive terminal 1 from the channel 24 to the terminal holder 2. If it can be pushed in, it is considered qualified, and if it cannot be pushed in, it is considered unqualified. And carry out a shaking test with a frequency of 8 Hz similar to the driving environment on the connected terminal card holder 2 for 2 minutes. If the conductive terminal 1 falls off from the mounting hole 21, it is unqualified, and if it does not fall off, it is qualified.
  • Table 4 The experimental results are shown in Table 4.
  • the ratio of the minimum width of the channel 24 to the radial cross-sectional diameter of the slot 14 is 93%-98.5%. Specifically, it can be 98%, 97.5%, 97%, 96%, 95%, etc.
  • the diameter of the radial section of the slot 14 is 8 mm
  • the minimum width of the channel 24 is 7.8 mm.
  • the installation panel 22 is provided with a notch 25 , the notch 25 communicates with the installation hole 21 , and the notch 25 and the channel 24 are respectively located on two sides of the installation hole 21 .
  • the notch can keep the channel 24 with a certain resilience.
  • the two sides of the channel 24 are squeezed. Because of the existence of the notch 25, the two sides of the channel 24 are more likely to be slightly deformed, ensuring that the conductive terminal 1 is more flexible. Easy access to the mounting hole 21.
  • the assembly force between the slot 14 and the channel 24 is 6N-55N.
  • a certain assembly force is required to insert the conductive terminal 1 into the mounting hole 21 of the terminal holder 2. If the assembly force is too small, the conductive terminal 1 cannot be inserted. If the assembly force is too large, it is easy to damage the conductive terminal 1 or the terminal holder 2. cause damage.
  • the inventor has carried out related experiments.
  • the experimental method is to select the same conductive terminal 1, the same terminal holder 2, and use different forces to insert Conductive terminal 1 and terminal holder 2 are mated, and it is qualified if it can be inserted smoothly without causing damage to conductive terminal 1 or terminal holder 2, otherwise it is unqualified.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 5.
  • Table 5 The effect of different assembly forces between the card slot and the channel on the insertion effect
  • the impact strength of the material of the installation panel 22 is 115MPa-1300MPa. Impact strength is used to evaluate the impact resistance of materials or to judge the degree of brittleness and toughness of materials, so impact strength is also called impact toughness. The impact strength can directly reflect the ability of the material to resist impact. In this embodiment, if the impact strength of the installation panel 22 is too small, the conductive terminal 1 will cause damage to the terminal holder 2 during the insertion process of the terminal holder 2, and if the impact strength of the installation panel 22 is too high, the terminal holder 2 will not be deformed and cannot be inserted. The inventor conducted experiments in order to select suitable materials to make the installation panel 22 .
  • the experimental method is to select the mounting panel 22 of the same impact test environment, the same specification but different impact strength materials, and use an external force of 55N to perform an impact test on the mounting panel. After the impact, the mounting panel is not deformed as qualified, and if it is deformed, it is unqualified.
  • Table 6 shows.
  • the inventor’s preferred material for the mounting panel 22 has an impact strength of 115MPa-1300MPa, specifically 120MPa, 130MPa, 140MPa, 150MPa, 300MPa, 450MPa, etc.
  • the slot 14 of the conductive terminal 1 is set in the installation hole 21, and there is a preset installation gap 3 between the slot 14 and the installation hole 21, and the self-adjusting terminal installation structure is installed in the charging stand.
  • the terminals in the charging gun head are correspondingly inserted into the conductive terminals 1, and the conductive terminals 1 can move freely within a certain range along the axial and radial directions of the mounting hole 21 to adjust the position, so that the axes of each pair of corresponding terminals are in line with the The axes of the conductive terminals 1 coincide.
  • the slot 14 of the conductive terminal 1 is set in the installation hole 21, and there is a preset installation gap 3 between the slot 14 and the installation hole 21, and the self-adjusting centering terminal installation structure is installed in the charging gun head.
  • the terminals in the charging base correspond to the conductive terminals 1, and the conductive terminals 1 can move freely within a certain range along the axial and radial directions of the mounting hole 21 to adjust the position, so that the axes of each pair of corresponding terminals are in line with the conductive terminals.
  • the axes of terminal 1 coincide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种自调节对中的端子安装结构，包括导电端子(1)和端子卡座(2)，导电端子(1)含有固定段(12)，固定段(12)外设有卡槽(14)，端子卡座(2)内设有安装孔(21)，导电端子(1)的卡槽(14)设置于安装孔(21)内，卡槽(14)与安装孔(21)之间含有安装间隙(3)。该自调节对中的端子安装结构能够实现对插结构的端子之间自动对中调节，不仅能够适应不同的充电座或充电枪头的插拔，也能避免"失效传染"的扩散。

Description

一种自调节对中的端子安装结构
相关申请
本申请要求专利申请号为202122029997.1、申请日为2021年8月26日、发明名称为“一种自调节对中的端子安装结构”的中国实用新型专利的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及电气连接领域，具体的是一种自调节对中的端子安装结构。
背景技术
当前新能源汽车的充电枪头和充电座都会有对插结构的导电端子，导电端子固定在充电枪头或者充电座的端子卡座上。在以往的设计中，通常会使导电端子与端子卡座处于紧配合或较小的间隙配合安装，用来固定住导电端子，使导电端子不会晃动和移动。
但是由于产品生产、装配中都有误差，甚至充电枪头和充电座不是一个厂家生产的，两者对插匹配时，对插端子的轴线会有偏差，导致对插不上或者插入很困难。即使勉强插入了，也会导致导电端子在端子卡座内发生偏移，再跟其他端子对插时，接插不良会再次产生，这种现象称为“失效传染”。将不良“传染”给本来良好的充电座或充电枪头，导致接触区域接触电阻变大，进而导致车辆温升过高，造成起火等风险，存在非常大的安全隐患，且由于“失效传染”会造成蝴蝶效应，发生越来越多的事故和安全隐患。因此，现有的电气连接领域中亟需一种新的方案来解决上述问题。
申请内容
为了使对插结构的端子之间能够同轴连接，本发明提供了一种自调节对中的端子安装结构，该自调节对中的端子安装结构能够实现对插结构的端子之间自动对中调节，不仅能够适应不同的充电座或充电枪头的插拔，也能避免“失效传染”的扩散。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种自调节对中的端子安装结构，所述自调节对中的端子安装结构包括导电端子和端子卡座，导电端子含有固定段，固定段外设有卡槽，端子卡座内设有安装孔，导电端子的卡槽设置于安装孔内，卡槽与安装孔之间含有安装间隙。
本发明的有益效果是：该自调节对中的端子安装结构能够通过卡槽与安装孔之间含有的安装间隙，实现对插结构的导电端子之间自动对中调节，不仅能够适应不同的充电座或充电枪头的插拔，也能避免“失效传染”的扩散。另外，还可以降低充电枪头和充电座的制造精度。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明所述自调节对中的端子安装结构的立体示意图。
图2是本发明所述自调节对中的端子安装结构的径向剖视示意图。
图3是本发明所述自调节对中的端子安装结构的轴向剖视示意图。
图4是图3中安装间隙部位的放大示意图。
图5是本发明所述自调节对中的端子安装结构的预设孔的示意图。
1、导电端子；2、端子卡座；3、安装间隙；4、预设孔；
12、固定段；14、卡槽；
21、安装孔；22、安装面板；23、加强肋板；24、通道；25、缺口；
31、径向间隙；32、轴向间隙；
141、卡槽底周面；142、卡槽侧面；
213、安装孔顶周面；214、安装孔侧面。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
一种自调节对中的端子安装结构，包括导电端子1和端子卡座2，导电端子1含有固定段12，固定段12外设有卡槽14，端子卡座2内设有安装孔21，导电端子1的卡槽14设置于安装孔21内，卡槽14与安装孔21之间含有安装间隙3，如图1至图4所示。
由于卡槽14与安装孔21之间含有较大的安装间隙3，导电端子1能够沿安装孔21的轴向和径向在一定的范围内自由活动，从而可以使对插结构的每对端子之间实现同轴插接，从而实现对插结构的导电端子1之间自动对中调节。不仅能够适应不同的充电座或充电枪头的插拔，也能避免“失效传染”的扩散。
在本实施例中，安装间隙3包括径向间隙31，径向间隙31可以为0.3mm-3.7mm，导电端子1能够沿导电端子1的径向方向在径向间隙31的范围内移动。安装间隙3还包括轴向间隙32，轴向间隙32可以为0.4mm-12.3mm，导电端子1能够沿导电端子1的轴向方向在轴向间隙32的范围内移动，如图4所示。当然，径向间隙31和轴向间隙32的大小也可以根据需要而定。
其中，导电端子1的径向为图4中的上下方向，导电端子1的轴向为图4中的左右方向。导电端子1的卡槽14处含有一个卡槽底周面141和两个卡槽侧面142，端子卡座2的安装孔21处含有一个安装孔顶周面213和两个安装孔侧面214。
具体的，径向间隙31为卡槽底周面141和安装孔顶周面213一侧靠近时，另一侧之间的距离，轴向间隙32为一个卡槽侧面142与其相邻的安装孔侧面214之间的最大距离。
径向间隙31和轴向间隙32的存在是为了能够让导电端子1有调整角度的空间，指向不同的角度。但是，当导电端子1的角度过大时，就会碰触充电座中的其他部件，造成磕碰，从而损坏导电端子1或其他器件。
因此，发明人通过反复采用不同的径向间隙31和轴向间隙32进行测试，观察什么样的径向间隙31和轴向间隙32的组合会使导电端子1碰触其他部件，发明人选用了10个相同直径的导电端子1进行测试，分别设置不同的径向间隙31和轴向间隙32并匹配相同的安装孔21，观察导电端子1是否和其他器件碰触，并记录结果，测试结果如表1所示。
在本实施例中，导电端子1和其他器件无碰触为理想情况。
表1：不同径向间隙和轴向间隙对导电端子有无碰触的影响
Figure PCTCN2022114697-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022114697-appb-000002
从表1中可以看出，当径向间隙31大于3.7mm之后，无论轴向间隙为多少，导电端子1都会与充电座中的其他器件碰触，因此3.7mm为径向间隙31的最大值，当轴向间隙32大于12.3mm后，无论径向间隙为多少，导电端子1都会与充电座中的其他器件碰触，因此12.3mm为轴向间隙32的最大值。而当径向间隙31小于0.3或者轴向间隙小于0.4时，导电端子1的调心量过小不具有实际应用意义，因此，发明人选定径向间隙31为0.3mm-3.7mm，轴向间隙32为0.4mm-12.3mm作为较佳选择。上述选定范围优势：可以保证产品对中的有效性，提升端子使用寿命，降低接触电阻避免因不对心产生温升过高及起火的风险。同时发明人在实际工作中发现，过小的径向间隙31或轴向间隙32会导致安装困难，在安装过程中容易刮掉导电端子1上的镀层。而当间隙过大时，导电端子1容易和端子卡座2发生更多的冲击，因此发明人进一步优选的径向间隙31为0.5mm-2mm，轴向间隙32为1mm-8mm。
同时发明人为了验证不同径向间隙31和轴向间隙32对导电端子1“失效传染”的影响，发明人进行了相关试验。试验方法为选择10组充电座，分别设置不同的径向间隙31和轴向间隙32组合，然后分别与10组全新的对配充电枪头对插，观察充电枪头的端子是否有“失效传染”的现象，具体表现为端子间连接过紧或刮掉端子表面的镀层。发现有“失效传染”现象视为不合格。
表2：不同径向间隙和轴向间隙是否导致失效传染
Figure PCTCN2022114697-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022114697-appb-000004
如表2所示，当轴向间隙32小于0.4mm后，无论径向间隙31为多少，由于轴向能够移动的空间太小，都会出现“失效传染”，具体表现为连接过紧甚至刮掉活动测试端子的表面镀层，影响正常的使用。同样发明人发现，当径向间隙小于0.3mm后，无论轴向间隙为多少，由于径向能够移动的空间太小，都会出现“失效传染”，表现也为连接过紧甚至刮掉活动测试端子的表面镀层，影响正常的使用。因此，结合表1发明人选定径向间隙31为0.3mm-3.7mm，轴向间隙32为0.4mm-12.3mm作为较佳选择。
同时，发明人也进行了对中效果的测试，测试方法为取若干相同规格的全新充电座，每个充电座具有两个对接端子，发明人选用的导电端子1为不同的轴向间隙32和径向间隙31的组合分别与100个充电座插接，一次性插接成功为合格，记录每种组合与100个充电座的一次性插接成功率，成功率达到95％为合格。结果如表3所示。
表3：不同径向间隙和轴向间隙和充电座一次性插接的成功率
Figure PCTCN2022114697-appb-000005
由表3可知，当轴向间隙32小于0.4mm后，无论径向间隙31为多少，对中成功率都无法达到95％的合格水平，当径向间隙31小于0.3mm后，无论轴向间隙32为多少，对中成功率也都无法达到95％的合格水平，同时，当径向间隙31大于3.8mm或者轴向间 隙32大于12.3mm时，由于导电端子1的摆动量过大造成对插的成功率也小于95％。因此结合表1，发明人选定径向间隙31为0.3mm-3.7mm，轴向间隙32为0.4mm-12.3mm作为较佳选择。
在本实施例中，卡槽14与安装孔21之间也可以设有弹性软胶圈，该弹性软胶圈可以为实心或空心结构。弹性软胶圈的断面为凹字形，所述弹性软胶圈匹配的套设于导电端子1的卡槽14和端子卡座2的安装孔21之间。所述弹性软胶圈的材质可以选择现有的橡胶，所述弹性软胶圈可以避免导电端子1从端子卡座2中意外脱落，还能导电端子1插入安装孔21时起到缓冲作用，减小导电端子1对端子卡座2的冲击。
在本实施中，端子卡座2含有安装面板22，安装孔21位于安装面板22上。例如，安装面板22上可以设有两个或三个安装孔21，相应的，该自调节对中的端子安装结构包括两个或三个导电端子1，导电端子1与安装孔21一一对应插接。
在本实施例中，端子卡座2还含有加强肋板23，加强肋板23位于安装孔21的周围，加强肋板23垂直于安装面板22设置。在本实施例中，加强肋板23的作用是增强安装面板22在安装孔21部位的强度，加强肋板23位于安装面板22的背面，加强肋板23位于安装孔21的周围，加强肋板23的断面呈弧形。
在本实施例中，为了便于安装，安装面板22的边缘与安装孔21之间设有通道24，导电端子1的卡槽14能够经过通道24(可以称为第一通道)进入安装孔21内。通道24的宽度小于安装孔21的直径。
在优选的实施方式中，安装面板22上还包括预设孔4和通道24(可以称为第二通道)，如图5所示，预设孔4通过通道24与安装孔21连通，预设孔4的直径大于导电端子1的截面的最大直径。当安装孔21没有设置在端子卡座2的边缘时，无法从侧面将导电端子1推入安装孔21，此时可以将导电端子1从上方或者下方插入预设孔4，在让卡槽14经过通道24进入安装孔21内，完成导电端子1的安装。(其中，上述第一通道和第二通道可以同时存在或择一存在)。
在优选的实施方式中，通道24的最小宽度与卡槽14的最小直径(即卡槽14在卡槽底周面141部位的直径)的百分比为93％-98.5％。也就是说通道24的宽度要小于卡槽14径向截面的直径，这样当导电端子1和端子卡座2装配后，导电端子1不会从安装孔21处脱出。但是当通道24过窄时，又会导致装配困难。发明人为了验证通道24的最小宽度与卡槽14的最小直径的百分比对装配效果的影响进行了相关实验。实验方法为使用50N的推力将导电端子1从通道24处与端子卡座2进行卡接，能够推入为合格，不 能推入为不合格。并对接入后的端子卡座2进行与行车环境相似的频率为8Hz的晃动实验，时长为2分钟，导电端子1从安装孔21脱落为不合格，不脱落为合格。实验结果如表4所示。
表4：通道的最小宽度与卡槽的最小直径的比对装配的影响
百分比(％) 91％ 92％ 93％ 94％ 95％ 96％ 97％ 98％ 98.5％ 99％
能否推入 否 否 能 能 能 能 能 能 能 能
是否脱出 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 是
从表4可知，当通道24的最小宽度与卡槽14径向截面直径的比小于93％后，由于通道24的最小宽度与卡槽径向截面直径相比小太多，所以在50N的推力下无法进行装配。故发明人选用通道24的最小宽度与卡槽14直径的比最小为93％。从表2中还可知，当通道24的最小宽度与卡槽14径向截面直径的比大于98.5％后，导电端子1在振动实验中会从安装孔21中脱出，无法满足实际工作需要，因此发明人选择通道24的最小宽度与卡槽14径向截面直径的比为93％-98.5％。具体可以为98％、97.5％、97％、96％、95％等。在一个具体的实施例中，卡槽14径向截面直径为8mm，通道24的最小宽度为7.8mm。
在本实施例中，安装面板22上设有缺口25，缺口25与安装孔21连通，缺口25和通道24分别位于安装孔21的两侧。缺口能够使通道24保持一定的回弹力，当导电端子1通过通道24时，通道24两侧受到挤压，因为有缺口25的存在，通道24两侧更容易发生些许形变，保证导电端子1更容易的进入安装孔21中。
在本实施例中，所述卡槽14与所述通道24之间的装配力为6N-55N。想要把导电端子1插入端子卡座2的安装孔21，需要一定的装配力，如果装配力过小，导电端子1无法插入，如果装配力过大，容易对导电端子1或者端子卡座2造成损坏。为了测试卡槽14与所述通道24之间的装配力对插入效果的影响，发明人进行了相关实验，实验方法为选用相同的导电端子1、相同的端子卡座2、采用不同的力将导电端子1与端子卡座2对插，能够顺利插入且不对导电端子1或端子卡座2造成损伤为合格，反之为不合格，实验结果如表5所示。
表5：卡槽与通道之间不同的装配力对插入效果的影响
插拔力(N) 5 6 7 8 10 20 30 40 48 52 55 60
是否插入 否 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是
是否损伤 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 是
从表5中可知，当装配力小于6N后，导电端子1无法插入端子卡座2，因此，发明人选择最小的装配力为6N，当装配力大于55N后，导电端子1出现损伤，具体表现为卡槽14内出现划痕，因此发明人选用卡槽14与所述通道24之间的装配力为6N-55N。具体的插拔力可以为8N、10N、15N、25N等。
在本实施例中，所述安装面板22的材质的冲击强度为115MPa-1300MPa。冲击强度用于评价材料的抗冲击能力或判断材料的脆性和韧性程度,因此冲击强度也称冲击韧性。冲击强度能够直接的反应材质抵抗冲击的能力。在本实施例中，安装面板22的冲击强度过小会导致导电端子1在插入端子卡座2的过程中对端子卡座2造成损伤，安装面板22冲击强度过大会导致端子卡座2无法发生形变而无法插入。发明人为了选用合适的材质制作安装面板22进行了实验。实验方法为选用相同冲击测试环境，规格相同但是冲击强度不同的材质的安装面板22，使用55N的外力对安装面板进行冲击测试，冲击后安装面板没有变形为合格，出现变形为不合格，结果如表6所示。
表6：不同冲击强度材质的安装面板对插入效果的影响
冲击强度(MPa) 110 115 130 150 200 400 650 800 100 1200 1300 1350
是否变形 是 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否 否
从表6可知，当安装面板22的材质的冲击强度小于115MPa后，在冲击实验中，安装面板22发生了形变，长期使用这种冲击强度材质制造的安装面板势必会导致安装面板22出现损坏进而导致充电设备的故障，因此发明人选用的安装面板22的材质的冲击强度最小为115MPa，而当材质的冲击强度大于1300MPa后，安装面板22选材和加工非常困难，导电端子1不容易插入安装面板22，所以发明人优选的安装面板22的材质的冲击强度为115MPa-1300MPa，具体可以为120MPa、130MPa、140MPa、150MPa、300MPa、450MPa等。
下面介绍该自调节对中的端子安装结构的安装和工作过程。
将导电端子1的卡槽14设置于安装孔21内，卡槽14与安装孔21之间含有预设安 装间隙3，将该自调节对中的端子安装结构安装于充电座内。充电枪头内的端子与导电端子1对应插接，导电端子1能够沿安装孔21的轴向和径向在一定的范围内自由活动以调整位置，从而使每一对对应的端子的轴线与导电端子1的轴线重合。
将导电端子1的卡槽14设置于安装孔21内，卡槽14与安装孔21之间含有预设安装间隙3，将该自调节对中的端子安装结构安装于充电枪头内。充电座内的端子与导电端子1对应插接，导电端子1能够沿安装孔21的轴向和径向在一定的范围内自由活动以调整位置，从而使每一对对应的端子的轴线与导电端子1的轴线重合。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施例，不能以其限定发明实施的范围，所以其等同组件的置换，或依本发明专利保护范围所做的等同变化与修饰，都应仍属于本专利涵盖的范畴。另外，本发明中的技术特征与技术特征之间、技术特征与技术方案、技术方案与技术方案之间均可以自由组合使用。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，所述自调节对中的端子安装结构包括导电端子(1)和端子卡座(2)，导电端子(1)含有固定段(12)，固定段(12)外设有卡槽(14)，端子卡座(2)内设有安装孔(21)，导电端子(1)的卡槽(14)设置于安装孔(21)内，卡槽(14)与安装孔(21)之间含有安装间隙(3)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，安装间隙(3)包括径向间隙(31)，径向间隙(31)为0.3mm-3.7mm，导电端子(1)能够沿导电端子(1)的径向方向在径向间隙(31)的范围内移动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，安装间隙(3)包括轴向间隙(32)，轴向间隙(32)为0.4mm-12.3mm，导电端子(1)能够沿导电端子(1)的轴向方向在轴向间隙(32)的范围内移动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，端子卡座(2)含有安装面板(22)，安装孔(21)位于安装面板(22)上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，端子卡座(2)还含有加强肋板(23)，加强肋板(23)位于安装孔(21)的周围，加强肋板(23)垂直于安装面板(22)设置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，安装面板(22)的边缘与安装孔(21)之间设有通道(24)，导电端子(1)的卡槽(14)能够经过通道(24)进入安装孔(21)内。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，安装面板(22)上设有预设孔(4)和通道(24)，预设孔(4)通过通道(24)与安装孔(21)连通，预设孔(4)的直径大于导电端子(1)的最大直径，导电端子(1)的卡槽(14)能够先进入预设孔(4)后再经过通道(24)进入安装孔(21)内。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，通道(24)的最小宽度与卡槽(14)的最小直径的百分比为93％-98.5％。
  9. 根据权利要求6或7所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，安装面板(22)上设有缺口(25)，缺口(25)与安装孔(21)连通，缺口(25)和通道(24)分别位于安装孔(21)的两侧。
  10. 根据权利要求6或7所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，所述卡槽(14)与所述通道(24)之间的装配力为6N-55N。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的自调节对中的端子安装结构，其中，所述安装面板(22)的材质的冲击强度为115MPa-1300MPa。
PCT/CN2022/114697 2021-08-26 2022-08-25 一种自调节对中的端子安装结构 Ceased WO2023025227A1 (zh)

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