WO2023035215A1 - 胶材及包含其的电化学装置 - Google Patents

胶材及包含其的电化学装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023035215A1
WO2023035215A1 PCT/CN2021/117621 CN2021117621W WO2023035215A1 WO 2023035215 A1 WO2023035215 A1 WO 2023035215A1 CN 2021117621 W CN2021117621 W CN 2021117621W WO 2023035215 A1 WO2023035215 A1 WO 2023035215A1
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Prior art keywords
functional layer
adhesive
layer
electrochemical device
rubber
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PCT/CN2021/117621
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡克文
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/117621 priority Critical patent/WO2023035215A1/zh
Priority to CN202180028249.1A priority patent/CN115606029B/zh
Priority to EP21956399.6A priority patent/EP4401177A4/en
Publication of WO2023035215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023035215A1/zh
Priority to US18/599,788 priority patent/US20240218209A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/198—Sealing members characterised by the material characterised by physical properties, e.g. adhesiveness or hardness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
    • C09J7/24—Plastics; Metallised plastics based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C09J7/241—Polyolefin, e.g.rubber
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/197—Sealing members characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2203/33—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for batteries or fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/20—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself
    • C09J2301/208—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself the adhesive layer being constituted by at least two or more adjacent or superposed adhesive layers, e.g. multilayer adhesive
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
    • C09J2301/41—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components additives as essential feature of the carrier layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2433/00—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2453/00—Presence of block copolymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2491/00—Presence of oils, fats or waxes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the fields of interface bonding and energy storage, and specifically relates to an adhesive material with a substrate-free adhesive film and an electrochemical device containing it, especially a lithium-ion battery.
  • electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries
  • the demand for electrochemical devices has increased significantly.
  • the requirements for the safety performance of other components in electrochemical devices have also increased relatively.
  • the adhesive material currently used is composed of a base material and an adhesive layer, which at least has the following problems: 1) The base material is thick, resulting in a loss of energy density, and the cutting burrs of the base material may puncture the diaphragm; 2) The adhesive layer It will fall off from the substrate and cannot effectively restrain the electrode assembly. In severe cases, it will cause the interface between the electrode assembly and the shell to peel off, thereby losing the protective effect. Substrate-free adhesive films can solve the above problems and gradually gain commercial application in actual production.
  • the adhesive surface and the hot-melt layer are easy to penetrate each other, resulting in high viscosity on the surface of the adhesive film at room temperature, which is not conducive to the preparation of electrochemical devices.
  • an external force is applied, due to the large difference between the bonding interface force of the hot-melt layer and the bonding interface force of the adhesive layer, only the adhesive film and its attached objects (for example, the casing of the electrochemical device, such as aluminum foil) etc.), which threatens the safety performance of electrochemical devices.
  • the embodiments of the present application solve at least one problem existing in the related art to at least some extent by providing an adhesive material with a substrate-free adhesive film and an electrochemical device comprising the same.
  • the present application provides an adhesive material, which includes: an adhesive film.
  • the adhesive film includes an adhesive layer and a first functional layer.
  • the first functional layer contains synthetic rubber and additives, and the additives include wax or polymeric surfactants.
  • the adhesive material of the present application is provided with the first functional layer with synthetic rubber and additives, and can adjust the adhesive force of the surface on both sides of the adhesive film through heat treatment and/or pressure treatment, and avoid the penetration and interlayer between the middle layers of the adhesive film. and/or migration, thereby improving the safety performance of electrochemical devices.
  • the adhesive force of the first functional layer at 23° C. to 26° C. is 0.01 N/mm to 0.05 N/mm.
  • the adhesive force of the first functional layer after the heat-pressing treatment is 0.05N/mm to 1.0N/mm.
  • the adhesive material further includes release paper.
  • the release paper is arranged on the surface of the bonding layer facing away from the first functional layer.
  • the present application provides an electrochemical device, which includes an electrode assembly, a casing, and the above adhesive film.
  • the bonding layer of the adhesive film is arranged on the outer surface of the electrode assembly.
  • the first functional layer of the adhesive film is disposed on the surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the electrode assembly and contacts the inner surface of the casing. The adhesive film fixes the electrode assembly and the casing.
  • the bonding force of the bonding layer to the outer surface of the electrode assembly is 0.05N/mm to 1.0N/mm
  • the bonding force of the first functional layer to the inner surface of the casing is 0.05N/mm to 1.0N/mm.
  • the mass ratio of the additive is 0.5% to 5.0%.
  • the mass ratio of the additive is preferably 1.0% to 4.0%.
  • the synthetic rubber includes styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyacrylate rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine One or more of rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber or ethylene propylene rubber.
  • the wax comprises one or more of paraffin wax, sasol wax, polyethylene wax or polypropylene wax.
  • the polymer surfactant comprises one or more of the following components: polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid Acrylic acid copolymer, maleic anhydride copolymer, polyethyleneimine, polymaleamide and polymaleamide derivatives, quaternized polyacrylamide, polydimethylamine cyclopropane, polyvinyl alcohol , polyvinyl alcohol esterification products, polyvinyl alcohol acetalization products, or polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide.
  • the adhesive layer comprises one or more of acrylic, polypropylene, synthetic rubber (SIS), polyethylene or polyamide.
  • SIS synthetic rubber
  • the dyne value of the adhesive layer is 30 mN/m to 48 mN/m
  • the dyne value of the first functional layer is 30 mN/m to 48 mN/m.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the first functional layer is 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the first functional layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the adhesive layer
  • the adhesive film in the adhesive material further includes: a second functional layer, the second functional layer is arranged between the adhesive layer and the first functional layer, the second functional layer contains thermally conductive fillers, and the first functional layer Based on the total weight of the two functional layers, the content of the thermally conductive filler is 5% to 50%.
  • the content of the thermally conductive filler is 20% to 40%.
  • the thermally conductive filler includes one or more of diamond, graphite, graphene, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, silicon dioxide, or calcium oxide.
  • the second functional layer has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesive material of the present application by canceling the base material of the adhesive material, can reduce the thickness of the adhesive material to increase the energy density, and eliminate the peeling phenomenon of the adhesive layer and the base material, ensure the fixing of the electrode assembly, and improve the drop resistance of the electrochemical device performance.
  • the substrate-free adhesive film of the present application can ensure that there is no phenomenon of penetration/migration to the surface of another layer between the first functional layer and the adhesive layer before and after heat/pressure treatment , to optimize the preparation process of electrochemical devices.
  • the adhesive film in the electrochemical device itself will be cohesively damaged at the interface between the first functional layer and the adhesive layer, and the stress will be released, and the interface between the adhesive film and its attachment will not be damaged. It avoids failure phenomena such as voltage drop, liquid leakage, heat generation, smoke emission, and fire of the electrochemical device caused by tearing of the aluminum foil, and further improves the safety of the lithium-ion electrochemical device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an adhesive material according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an adhesive material according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the terms “approximately,” “substantially,” “substantially,” and “about” are used to describe and account for minor variations. When used in conjunction with an event or circumstance, the terms can refer to instances in which the event or circumstance occurred exactly as well as instances in which the event or circumstance occurred with close approximation.
  • the term when used in conjunction with a numerical value, the term may refer to a range of variation of less than or equal to ⁇ 10% of the stated value, such as less than or equal to ⁇ 5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 4%, less than or equal to ⁇ 3%, less than or equal to ⁇ 10%, Less than or equal to ⁇ 2%, less than or equal to ⁇ 1%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.1%, or less than or equal to ⁇ 0.05%.
  • the difference between two numerical values is less than or equal to ⁇ 10% of the mean of the stated values (e.g., less than or equal to ⁇ 5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 4%, less than or equal to ⁇ 3%, less than or equal to ⁇ 2%, less than or equal to ⁇ 1%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.5%, less than or equal to ⁇ 0.1%, or less than or equal to ⁇ 0.05%), then the two values can be considered to be "substantially" the same.
  • a list of linked items may mean any combination of the listed items.
  • the phrase “one or more of A and B” means A only; only B; or A and B.
  • the phrase “one or more of A, B, and C” means only A; or only B; only C; A and B (excluding C ); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or all of A, B and C.
  • Item A may contain a single element or multiple elements.
  • Item B may contain a single element or multiple elements.
  • Item C may contain a single element or multiple elements.
  • the adhesive material used to fix the electrochemical device so that the electrode assembly is bonded to the casing is generally an adhesive material composed of a base material and an adhesive layer.
  • the base material itself occupies a certain thickness, using the adhesive material for bonding the electrode assembly and the casing will increase the overall thickness of the electrochemical device, thereby resulting in a loss of its overall energy density.
  • the material of the base material may generate burrs and pierce the separator of the electrode assembly, which may have a potential impact on the safety of the electrochemical device.
  • the adhesive force of the adhesive layer to the substrate is not consistent with the adhesive force of the adhesive layer to its attached objects, the adhesive layer may fall off from the contact between the adhesive layer and the substrate, and the electrode assembly cannot be effectively fixed. In serious cases, due to the relative movement between the electrode assembly and the casing, the head and tail will be severely worn, which will easily cause the electrochemical device to generate heat, smoke, or even catch fire.
  • Chinese patent CN105449255B discloses a substrate-free adhesive film, which includes an adhesive layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive with initial tack or a pressure-sensitive adhesive without initial tack and a temperature-sensitive adhesive that does not have tack at room temperature
  • the functional layer (hot-melt layer) of the composite material which can not be bonded to the packaging shell (shell) without heat treatment and/or pressure treatment, but bonded to the shell after applying pressure to optimize the electrode Component packaging process.
  • a stable interface cannot be formed between the viscous layer and the hot-melt layer of the substrate-free adhesive film, and the materials of the viscous layer and the hot-melt layer easily penetrate each other, which causes the substrate-free adhesive film to be placed at room temperature for a period of time.
  • the surface viscosity of the hot melt layer will automatically increase, which is not conducive to the packaging process of the electrode assembly.
  • the adhesive force of the surface of the adhesive layer to its attachment is greater than that of the surface of the hot-melt layer to its attachment, this leads to the fact that the interface damage of the substrate-free adhesive film tends to occur when an external force is applied.
  • the interface damage of the substrate-free adhesive film tends to occur when an external force is applied.
  • the aluminum foil of the casing will be torn or damaged, thereby threatening the safety of the electrochemical device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a substrate-free adhesive film, which can effectively Maintain the interface between the adhesive layer and the functional layer, reduce the interpenetration of the adhesive layer and the functional layer, so as to optimize the packaging process of the electrode assembly.
  • the adhesive film of the present application can undergo cohesive failure at the interface between its own adhesive layer and the functional layer, buffering the stress, so that the adhesive film will not damage the bonding interface of its attachment .
  • the adhesive film of the present application can be peeled off at the interface between its own adhesive layer and the functional layer, thereby protecting the respective integrity of the electrode assembly and the casing, and avoiding the rupture and damage of the electrochemical device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adhesive material according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the adhesive material includes an adhesive film 10
  • the adhesive film 10 is a substrate-free adhesive film, which includes an adhesive layer 101 and a first functional layer 102
  • the first functional layer 102 includes synthetic rubber and additives
  • the additives include one or more of waxes or polymer surfactants.
  • the first functional layer 102 is a heat-sensitive and/or pressure-sensitive layer, that is, after the first functional layer 102 receives heat treatment and/or pressure treatment, its adhesion to the contact object (for example, aluminum foil, the PP layer of the packaging bag, etc.) force will be higher.
  • the adhesive force of the first functional layer 102 at normal temperature is 0.01N/mm to 0.05N/mm, and the term "normal temperature" in this article means Temperatures in the range of 23°C to 26°C.
  • the adhesive force of the first functional layer is 0.05N/mm to 1.0N/mm.
  • heat treatment herein means that the sample is contacted or placed in a relatively high temperature (higher than normal temperature) object/environment for a period of time
  • pressure treatment means that the sample is subjected to a certain amount of pressure for a period of time
  • Hot pressing treatment means that the sample is contacted or placed in a relatively high temperature (higher than normal temperature) object/environment for a period of time and at the same time accepts a certain amount of pressure.
  • the bonding force of the first functional layer 102 after the hot-pressing treatment is 0.05N/mm to 1.0N/mm, wherein the setting temperature of the hot-pressing treatment is 55°C to 85°C, and the applied pressure is 0.3 MPa to 2MPa, the time is 5mins to 120mins.
  • adheresive force in this article refers to the vertical peeling force between the bonded sample and the sample to be bonded when it is peeled off by an external force, which can be obtained by the peeling force test of the standard: GB/T2792-2014, and its specific implementation content Please see the specific examples section below.
  • the mass ratio of the additives in the first functional layer 102 is 0.5% to 5.0%. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the additive is approximately: 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, or any two of the above values range of values.
  • the wax and/or polymer surface active agent in the additive has low polarity and anti-corrosion properties. It has a strong binding force to the polarity of the synthetic rubber of the first functional layer 102, and is incompatible with the adhesive layer material, thereby causing To prevent the mutual penetration between the first functional layer 102 and the adhesive layer 101.
  • the first functional layer 102 can adjust its adhesion to the shell material by adjusting the composition and mass ratio of the additives.
  • the mass ratio of the additives in the first functional layer 102 is 1.0% to 4.0%, so as to have the best cohesive structure breaking effect.
  • the wax in the additive comprises one or more of paraffin wax, sasol wax, polyethylene wax or polypropylene wax.
  • polyethylene wax is added to the first functional layer 102, wherein polyethylene wax has excellent cold resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and abrasion resistance, which can further improve the processing performance of the first functional layer.
  • polypropylene wax is added to the first functional layer 102, wherein the polypropylene wax has the characteristics of high melting point, low melting degree, lubricity, and good dispersibility, which can make the first functional layer easier to distribute evenly.
  • Sasol wax is added to the first functional layer 102, wherein there are long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons in the shorter side chain of Sasol wax, which has better electrical conductivity, higher melting point, and hardness, and can improve the second functional layer.
  • the heat resistance of a functional layer is added to the first functional layer 102, wherein paraffin wax is a mixture of hydrocarbons with 18 to 30 carbon atoms, containing 80% to 95% of straight chain alkanes and less than 20% of individual branched chain alkanes and monocyclic naphthenes with long side chains.
  • the chemical structural formula of paraffin is as follows:
  • the polymer surfactant in the additive comprises one or more of the following components: polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid Acrylic acid copolymer, maleic anhydride copolymer, polyethyleneimine, polymaleamide, polymaleamide derivatives, quaternized polyacrylamide, polydimethylamine cyclopropane, polyvinyl alcohol, For polyvinyl alcohol esterification products, polyvinyl alcohol acetalization products, or polyethylene oxide-propylene oxide, the delamination effect of the substrate-free adhesive film using the above-mentioned polymer surfactants is better.
  • the synthetic rubber (SIS) in the first functional layer 102 includes styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyacrylate rubber, chlorosulfonated One or more of polyethylene rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber or ethylene propylene rubber.
  • the composition of the first functional layer 102 can be determined by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
  • the composition of the first functional layer 102 is determined by the standard: GB/T 21186-2007, wherein a special prism is used (for example, the KRS-5 prism made of TlBr and TLI is transparent above 250cm -1 ), and the The sample is clamped on both sides, and the incident light reaches the detector after multiple reflections in the sample and the prism. The depth of the incident light reaching the surface of the sample is related to the incident wavelength, incident angle, and the refractive index of the prism and the sample.
  • the composition in the first functional layer 102 can be determined based on the position and intensity of the absorption peak detected by the detector.
  • the first functional layer of the present application can have Methylene CH, 1270cm -1 sulfate, 1200cm -1 sulfonate, 1430&1560cm -1 fatty acid salt, 1220&1100cm -1 sulfate, 1100cm -1 hydroxyl, 1700cm -1 carbonyl), 2000 ⁇ 2800cm -1 ( 2700cm -1 carboxyl group) and 3000 ⁇ 3500cm -1 (3300cm -1 amide, 3100cm -1 aliphatic ammonium salt) have characteristic absorption peaks.
  • adhesive layer 101 may comprise any suitable adhesive material known in the art.
  • the adhesive layer 101 includes one or more of acrylic, polypropylene, synthetic rubber (SIS), polyethylene, or polyamide.
  • the adhesive layer 101 has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive layer 101 can be less than or equal to 3 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first functional layer 102 is 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first functional layer 102 can be less than or equal to 5 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first functional layer 102 is greater than that of the adhesive layer 101 to further reduce the possibility of the adhesive layer 101 penetrating the first functional layer 102 . In some embodiments, the total thickness of the adhesive film 10 is 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the total thickness of the adhesive film 10 can be less than or equal to 8 ⁇ m, so as to increase the energy density per unit volume of the electrochemical device. In some other embodiments, the total thickness of the adhesive film 10 is approximately, for example, about 2 ⁇ m, about 4 ⁇ m, about 6 ⁇ m, about 8 ⁇ m, about 10 ⁇ m, about 15 ⁇ m, about 20 ⁇ m, about 30 ⁇ m, or a combination of any two of these values. scope.
  • the penetration condition of the adhesive layer 101 and the first functional layer 102 can be measured by the dyne value of the two sides of the surface.
  • the term "dyne value" in this article refers to the surface tension coefficient, which is defined as the force of mutual traction per unit length between two adjacent parts of the liquid/colloid surface, which can be obtained through the dyne pen test, and its specific implementation For the content, please refer to the specific embodiment part in the following text. If the adhesive layer 101 penetrates into the first functional layer 102 , the composition adjacent to the surface of the first functional layer 102 will change, resulting in a change in its dyne value.
  • the dyne value on the surface of the adhesive layer 101 will also change.
  • the dyne values of the adhesive layer 101 on both sides of the adhesive film 10 and the surface 102 of the first functional layer do not change significantly after the adhesive film 10 is left at room temperature for 12 hours.
  • the dyne value of the first functional layer 102 does not change significantly after heat treatment and/or pressure treatment.
  • the dyne value of the adhesive layer 101 is 30 mN/m to 48 mN/m.
  • the dyne value of the first functional layer 102 is 30 mN/m to 48 mN/m.
  • the coverage of the adhesive film on the surface of the attached object can be adjusted according to the requirements of the specific use scene of the adhesive film.
  • the adhesive film covers from 10% to 95% of the surface to which it is attached.
  • the adhesive material can further include a release paper 103 , and the release paper 103 is disposed on the surface of the adhesive layer 101 of the adhesive film 10 facing away from the first functional layer 102 .
  • the setting of the release paper 103 in the adhesive material is used to prevent the surface of the adhesive layer 101 from contacting the non-adhered target surface or itself, so as to avoid the adhesive layer and the non-adhered target surface during the use of the adhesive material.
  • the release paper can be placed on any exposed surface of the bonding layer of the adhesive film on one side, for example, but not limited to, the surface of the bonding layer facing away from the first functional layer or the side of the bonding layer surface.
  • the release paper can be placed on the exposed surface of the adhesive layer of the adhesive film and the exposed surface of the first functional layer at the same time, for example, but not limited to, the surface of the first functional layer facing away from the adhesive layer Or the surface of the side of the first functional layer.
  • the release paper can be removed after the adhesive film is set.
  • the release paper includes a single-sided silicon release film or a double-sided silicon release film.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adhesive material according to another part of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the adhesive film 10 of the adhesive material provided by another part of the embodiment of the present application further includes a second functional layer 104 , and the second functional layer 104 is disposed between the adhesive layer 101 and the first functional layer 102 .
  • the second functional layer 104 is a heat dissipation layer, which has a high thermal conductivity.
  • the second functional layer 104 can provide a heat dissipation channel to dissipate the heat generated inside the electrode assembly, thereby eliminating the heat concentration phenomenon in the electrode assembly and avoiding electrochemical devices.
  • the heat accumulation in the battery improves the safety of the electrochemical device.
  • the thermal conductivity of the second functional layer 104 is higher than that of the adhesive layer 101 and/or the first functional layer 102 .
  • the second functional layer 104 contains thermally conductive fillers to improve the thermal conductivity of the second functional layer 104 .
  • the second functional layer 104 may also include thermally conductive gel.
  • the thermally conductive filler and thermally conductive gel may be any suitable material in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application.
  • the thermally conductive gel is polysiloxane.
  • the thermally conductive filler comprises one or more of diamond, graphite, graphene, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, silicon dioxide, or calcium oxide.
  • the content of the thermally conductive filler is 5% to 50%; in some embodiments, the content of the thermally conductive filler is approximately: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% %, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, or a numerical range formed by any two of the above values. In some implementations, the content of the thermally conductive filler is 20% to 40%, so as to provide a certain thermal conductivity while still maintaining a certain adhesive force, so that the multilayer structure of the adhesive film is more stable.
  • the second functional layer 104 further includes an adhesive material, which includes one or more of acrylic, polypropylene, synthetic rubber (SIS), polyethylene, or polyamide, to improve the second The structural stability of the functional layer 104 and the adhesive force of the adhesive film.
  • an adhesive material which includes one or more of acrylic, polypropylene, synthetic rubber (SIS), polyethylene, or polyamide, to improve the second The structural stability of the functional layer 104 and the adhesive force of the adhesive film.
  • the content of the binding material is 5% to 30%.
  • the thickness of the second functional layer 104 is 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the second functional layer 104 can completely cover the adhesive layer 101 . In some embodiments, the second functional layer 104 can partially cover the adhesive layer 101 . It should be understood that, without departing from the spirit of the present application, those skilled in the art can configure the distribution range of the second functional layer in the adhesive film according to actual heat dissipation requirements. In some embodiments, the distribution of the second functional layer in the glue film can be set according to the heat concentration area corresponding to the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide an electrochemical device 30, which includes: an electrode assembly 301, a casing 302, and the adhesive film 10 in the above-mentioned embodiments, wherein the adhesive film
  • the adhesive layer 101 of 10 is arranged on the outer surface of the electrode assembly 301
  • the first functional layer 102 of the adhesive film 10 is arranged on the surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the electrode assembly 301, and is in contact with the inner surface of the casing 302, and the adhesive
  • the membrane 10 fixes the electrode assembly 301 and the casing 302 .
  • the adhesive force of the adhesive layer 101 to the outer surface of the electrode assembly 301 is 0.05N/mm to 1.0N/mm. In some embodiments, the adhesion of the first functional layer 102 to the inner surface of the housing is 0.05 N/mm to 1.0 N/mm. In some embodiments, under the action of external force, the cohesive failure of the adhesive film itself at the interface between the adhesive layer and the first functional layer can be optimized, further improving the adhesive film's effect on the outer surface of the electrode assembly 301 and the inner surface of the shell 302. protection of.
  • the casing is a soft-pack type aluminum-plastic film. It should be understood that, without departing from the spirit of the present application, the casing 302 may be any common electrochemical device packaging structure in the art.
  • the shell is a square aluminum shell or a cylindrical aluminum shell.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode. It should be understood that although the embodiment in FIG. 3 uses a coiled electrode assembly, the electrode assembly in the present application may be any suitable electrode assembly in the art without departing from the spirit of the application. its limitations. In some embodiments, the electrode assembly can be a lamination structure or a multi-tab structure. In some embodiments, the electrochemical device is a lithium ion battery.
  • the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive current collector may be aluminum foil or nickel foil, however, other positive current collectors commonly used in the art may be used without limitation.
  • the cathode active material layer includes a cathode active material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium (Li) (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “a cathode active material capable of absorbing/releasing lithium Li”).
  • Examples of positive electrode active materials capable of absorbing/releasing lithium (Li) may include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium manganate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium vanadyl phosphate, One or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate and lithium-rich manganese-based materials.
  • the positive electrode active material layer can further include at least one of a binder and a conductive agent.
  • Binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate salt, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine One or more of ketone, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyhexafluoropropylene.
  • the conductive agent includes one or more of carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon black, acetylene black, graphene, and Ketjen black. It should be understood that those skilled in the art may select conventional binders and conductive agents in the art according to actual needs, without being limited thereto.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be copper foil or nickel foil, however, other negative electrode current collectors commonly used in the art may be used without limitation.
  • the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium (Li), including, but not limited to, carbon materials, metal compounds, oxides, sulfides, lithium nitrides such as LiN3, One or more of lithium metal, metal elements and semimetal elements alloyed with lithium, polymer materials, and combinations thereof.
  • the negative active material layer can further include at least one of a binder and a conductive agent. The conductive agent and binder of the negative electrode active material layer are similar to the conductive agent and binder of the positive electrode active material layer described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the isolation film includes, but is not limited to, at least one selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and aramid.
  • polyethylene includes at least one component selected from high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • polyethylene and polypropylene which have a good effect on preventing short circuits and can improve the stability of the battery through the shutdown effect. It should be understood that those skilled in the art may select conventional separators in the art according to actual needs, without being limited thereto.
  • the electrochemical device of the present application further includes an electrolytic solution including a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent.
  • the lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , One or more of LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiSiF 6 , LiBOB and lithium difluoroborate.
  • LiPF 6 is selected as the lithium salt because it can give high ion conductivity and improve cycle characteristics.
  • the non-aqueous solvent can be a carbonate compound, a carboxylate compound, an ether compound, other organic solvents or any combination thereof.
  • the above-mentioned carbonate compound can be a chain carbonate compound, a cyclic carbonate compound, a fluorocarbonate compound or any combination thereof.
  • Examples of the aforementioned other organic solvents are dimethylsulfoxide, 1,2-dioxolane, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, Formamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and phosphate esters, and any combination thereof.
  • the non-aqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl propionate, fluorinated The group consisting of ethylene carbonate and any combination thereof.
  • the non-aqueous solvent is a mixture of dioxolane (DOL) and dimethyl ether (DME) at a volume ratio of 0.5-2.
  • DOL dioxolane
  • DME dimethyl ether
  • the preparation method of the lithium-ion battery includes: winding, folding or stacking the negative electrode, the separator, and the positive electrode in order to form an electrode assembly;
  • the film is adhered to the outer surface of the electrode assembly through an adhesive layer, and then the electrode assembly with the adhesive film attached is put into the casing, for example, an aluminum-plastic film, and the electrolyte is injected, and then the lithium-ion battery casing that is loaded into the electrode assembly
  • a hot-pressing process is performed to bond the adhesive film on the outer surface of the electrode assembly with the inner surface of the casing, and subsequent processes such as vacuum packaging, standing, forming, and shaping are performed to obtain a lithium-ion battery.
  • the adhesive film made of the adhesive material of the present application can be used in other suitable electrochemical devices after reading this application.
  • Such an electrochemical device includes any device in which an electrochemical reaction occurs, and specific examples thereof include all kinds of primary batteries, secondary batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, or capacitors.
  • the electrochemical device is a lithium secondary battery, including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery or a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
  • Some embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device, and the electronic device includes the electrochemical device in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and it may be used in any electronic device known in the prior art.
  • electronic devices may include, but are not limited to, notebook computers, pen-based computers, mobile computers, e-book players, cellular phones, portable fax machines, portable copiers, portable printers, headsets, VCRs, LCD TVs, portable cleaners, portable CD players, mini discs, transceivers, electronic organizers, calculators, memory cards, portable tape recorders, radios, backup power supplies, motors, cars, motorcycles, power-assisted bicycles, bicycles, Lighting appliances, toys, game consoles, clocks, electric tools, flashlights, cameras, large household storage batteries and lithium-ion capacitors, etc.
  • the surface of the sample used to detect the binding force of the object to be tested is adhered to the steel plate by superglue, and the adhesion length is not less than 40mm; the steel plate is fixed on the corresponding position of the high-speed rail tensile machine, Pull up the other end of the sample that is not adhered to the steel plate, put the sample to be tested into the chuck through the connector or directly clamp it to make it bond with the sample surface on the steel plate, and the sample that is pulled up
  • the angle between the part and the steel plate is 180° in space.
  • the chuck pulls the object to be tested at a speed of 50mm/min, and finally the average value of the pulling force in the stable area is recorded as the bonding force.
  • a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Nicolet iS50, Thermo Fisher) was used to test the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the analyte.
  • the total reflection method (ATR) can be used for the infrared spectrum determination of the depth direction and surface of the sample.
  • a special prism KRS-5 prism made of TlBr and TLI is transparent above 250cm -1 ) is used to clamp the object to be measured on both sides, and the incident light reaches the detector after multiple reflections in the object to be measured and the prism.
  • the depth at which the incident light reaches the surface of the object to be measured is related to the incident wavelength, angle of incidence, and the refractive index of the prism and the object to be measured. Record the absorption wavelength when the incident light reaches the detector, and judge the composition of the analyte through the intensity and position of the absorption wavelength.
  • thermocouples inside the electrochemical device (lithium-ion battery) to be tested.
  • the diameter of the metal wire used by the two miniature thermocouples is 80 ⁇ m.
  • One of the thermocouples is implanted in the center of the electrode assembly, and the other thermocouple is Placed at the interface of the electrode assembly and case.
  • a thermocouple is pasted on the outer surface of the pouch battery to monitor the temperature of the battery surface.
  • the lithium-ion battery is first discharged to 2.8V at 0.5C, and then left to stand for 30 minutes. Charge at room temperature with a constant current of 0.5C to full charge voltage, and at a constant voltage to a current of 0.05C. Then the battery was placed horizontally in the incubator with the thermocouple facing up, and the temperature changes at different charge/discharge rates of 1C and 7C were recorded.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • PP propylene Propyl acetate
  • VVC vinylene carbonate
  • Copper foil is used as the negative electrode current collector, and a layer of graphite slurry is evenly coated on the surface of the copper foil.
  • a polyethylene film is used as the separator, wherein the thickness of the polyethylene film is 15 ⁇ m, and the above-mentioned positive electrode, separator and negative electrode are stacked in sequence, so that the separator is in the middle of the positive electrode and the negative electrode to play the role of isolation.
  • the stacked electrode assembly was dehydrated at 80° C., a dry electrode assembly was obtained, and a lithium ion battery was prepared according to the following examples.
  • Acrylic is used as the bonding layer material, and synthetic rubber is mixed with additives to form the slurry for the first functional layer.
  • synthetic rubber is mixed with additives to form the slurry for the first functional layer.
  • the types and ratios of synthetic rubber and polypropylene wax please refer to the following table of examples. Coating the adhesive layer material on the release paper to form an adhesive layer, and coating the first functional layer slurry on the adhesive layer to form the first functional layer, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 5 ⁇ m, and the first functional layer The thickness of the layer is 5 ⁇ m.
  • the preparation method is substantially the same as in Example 1, except that the type of synthetic rubber in the slurry for the first functional layer and/or its ratio to additives are different.
  • the type of synthetic rubber in the slurry for the first functional layer and/or its ratio to additives are different.
  • the preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 3, except that the types of additives in the first functional layer slurry are different.
  • the types of additives in the first functional layer slurry are different.
  • the preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 3, the difference is that the thickness of the first functional layer is different, please refer to Table 1 for details.
  • the preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 3, the difference is that the adhesive material of the adhesive layer is different, please refer to Table 2 for details.
  • the preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 3, the difference is that the thickness of the adhesive layer is different, please refer to Table 2 for details.
  • the preparation method is roughly the same as that of Example 3, the difference being that, after forming the bonding layer, the adhesive material of Example 25 is further mixed with 50wt% thermally conductive gel, 40wt% and 10wt% adhesive
  • the second functional layer coating see Table 3 for the types and ratios of the thermally conductive gel, thermally conductive filler, and binder.
  • the preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 25, the difference lies in the type or ratio of the thermally conductive gel, thermally conductive gel or adhesive, please refer to Table 3 for details.
  • the preparation method is basically the same as in Example 25, the difference is that the thickness of the second functional layer is different, please refer to Table 3 for details.
  • the preparation method is roughly the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that only synthetic rubber is used in the preparation of the slurry for the first functional layer, and the thickness of the first functional layer is different. Please refer to Table 1 for details.
  • the preparation method is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 4, the difference is that the double-sided adhesive is only attached to one side of the electrode assembly.
  • the preparation method is substantially the same as that of Comparative Example 5, the difference being that the double-sided adhesive is only attached to the other side of the electrode assembly.
  • the difference between the lithium-ion batteries of Examples 1-15 and Comparative Examples 1-6 is that the adhesive film or the first functional layer composition of the adhesive film is different, wherein the structural parameters of the first functional layer are related to the adhesion test, dyne
  • the results of the tests and drop tests are reported in Table 1 below.
  • the present application can effectively adjust the cohesive force of the first functional layer by adding additives containing wax or polymer surfactant to the first functional layer without substrate adhesive film, so that it can be stabilized at room temperature. It has different bonding strengths after hot pressing to optimize the packaging process of the electrode assembly.
  • the adhesive film of the embodiment of the present application can make the dyne value of the surface of the first functional layer within a certain range after adding additives, so as to maintain the interface between the first functional layer and the adhesive layer, and avoid the first functional layer The penetration between the adhesive layer and the adhesive layer, so that the adhesive film can release the stress through the cohesive failure at the interface between the first functional layer and the adhesive layer when it is subjected to an external force, so as to improve its performance in the drop test.
  • the first functional layer with a certain amount of additives added in the examples can effectively adjust the surface viscosity after hot-pressing treatment, avoiding excessive viscosity to the surface of the electrode assembly or the shell damage; at the same time, maintain the dyne value of the first functional layer to optimize the processing requirements of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the lithium-ion battery without the adhesive film of the base material can maintain a stable voltage output after being impacted by an external force.
  • Comparing Examples 1-6 with Comparative Example 1 it can be seen that in the first functional layer of the non-substrate adhesive film of the present application, the dyne value on the surface of the first functional layer can be changed by adjusting the proportion of additives, which affects the adhesion between the first functional layer and layer interface stability, which in turn affects its drop test performance.
  • the adhesive film within the mass ratio range of the additives provided by the examples of the present application has a dyne value ranging from 30dyn/cm to 48dyn/cm, and the interface between the first functional layer and the adhesive layer It is relatively stable, and its lithium-ion battery has better drop test performance.
  • the lithium-ion battery of the embodiment of the present application can keep the shell from being damaged, not catching fire, and not leaking after being impacted by a strong external force , it can be seen that the embodiment of the present application adopts a lithium-ion battery without a substrate adhesive film, which can effectively improve its safety performance against strong external impact.
  • the number of drops it can withstand is much higher than that of the lithium-ion battery using ordinary double-sided adhesive tape in the comparative example. It can be seen that the application can still effectively improve its safety performance for relatively low external impacts.
  • Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and the lithium ion batteries of Examples 16-18 and Examples 23-24 is that the thickness of the first functional layer and/or the adhesive layer of the adhesive film is different, wherein the thickness of the first functional layer, the adhesive layer The thickness of the junction layer, the material of the adhesive layer and the results of the adhesion test and the drop test of the Li-ion battery are reported in Table 2 below.
  • the thickness of the first functional layer or adhesive layer in the substrate-free adhesive film of the embodiment of the present application is too low, its adhesive force will be reduced. and affect the maintenance of the interface between the first functional layer and the adhesive layer, so that the adhesive film cannot release the stress through the cohesive failure at the interface, thereby affecting its drop test performance.
  • the thickness of the first functional layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the adhesive layer of the lithium-ion battery. The interface between the first functional layer and the adhesive layer of the lithium-ion battery maintains better, and its drop test performance is more excellent.
  • embodiment 3 The difference between embodiment 3 and the lithium ion battery of embodiment 25-39 is: whether its adhesive film also has the second functional layer, wherein the thickness of the second functional layer, the composition material of the second functional layer and the adhesion test and lithium
  • Table 3 The results of the drop test and the heat dissipation test of the ion battery are recorded in Table 3 below.
  • Example 25 to 39 the use of the substrate-free adhesive film provided with the second functional layer can effectively improve the heat dissipation effect of the lithium-ion battery, thereby effectively reducing the temperature raised by the electrode assembly during charging. To avoid overheating of the battery when charging at a high charging rate.
  • Example 3 it can be seen that the example of the present application provided with a second functional layer without a substrate adhesive film still has a good safety performance in the drop test structure of the lithium-ion battery.
  • references to “embodiment,” “partial embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “another example,” “example,” “specific example” or “partial example” in the entire specification mean that At least one embodiment or example in the application includes the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in this embodiment or example. Therefore, descriptions that appear everywhere in the entire specification, for example: “In some embodiments “, “in an embodiment”, “in one embodiment”, “in another example”, “in one example”, “in a particular example” or “example”, which do not necessarily refer to this application.
  • the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics herein may be combined in any suitable way in one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

一种胶材及包含其的电化学装置（30），胶材包括胶膜（10），胶膜（10）包括粘结层（101）和第一功能层（102），其中，第一功能层（102）包含合成橡胶和添加剂，添加剂包括蜡或高分子表面活性剂。胶材通过设置具备合成橡胶和添加剂的第一功能层（102），能够通过热处理和/或压力处理调整胶膜（10）两侧表面的粘结力，并避免胶膜（10）中层与层之间的渗透和/或迁移，进而提高电化学装置（30）的安全性能。

Description

胶材及包含其的电化学装置 技术领域
本申请涉及界面粘结领域及储能领域，具体涉及一种具有无基材胶膜的胶材及包含其的电化学装置，特别是锂离子电池。
背景技术
随着技术的发展和对移动装置的需求的增加，人们对电化学装置(例如，锂离子电池)的需求显著增加。随着电化学装置中采用具有高能量密度、高放电性能的电极组件，电化学装置对其他组件的安全性能的要求也相对提高了。
在实际使用中，电化学装置中的电极组件往往需要通过胶材以固定于外壳/封包套中。目前使用的胶材由基材与胶层组成，其至少存在以下问题：1)基材占厚，导致能量密度损失，且基材的分切毛刺会有刺穿隔膜的风险；2)胶层会从基材脱落，不能有效束缚电极组件，严重时会导致电极组件与外壳之间界面发生剥离，进而失去保护效果。无基材胶膜可解决以上问题，并在实际生产中逐步获得商业化应用。
然而，现有无基材胶膜，粘性面与热熔层容易相互渗透，导致胶膜的常温表面粘性大，不利于电化学装置的制备。另外，在受外力作用时，由于热熔层粘结界面作用力与粘性层粘结界面作用力差异大，只能发生胶膜与其贴附物(举例而言，电化学装置外壳，例如，铝箔等)之间的界面破坏，进而威胁电化学装置的安全性能。
有鉴于此，确有必要对胶材进行研究与改进，以提升其在电化学装置使用上的安全性。
发明内容
本申请实施例通过提供一种具有无基材胶膜的胶材及包含其的电化学装置以在至少某种程度上解决至少一种存在于相关领域中的问题。
在本申请的一方面，本申请提供了一种胶材，其包括：胶膜。该胶膜包括粘结层和第一功能层。第一功能层包含合成橡胶和添加剂，且该添加剂包括蜡或高 分子表面活性剂。本申请的胶材通过设置具备合成橡胶和添加剂的第一功能层，能够通过热处理和/或压力处理调整其胶膜两侧表面的粘结力，并避免胶膜中层与层之间的渗透和/或迁移，进而提高电化学装置的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一功能层在23℃至26℃下的粘结力为0.01N/mm至0.05N/mm。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一功能层经过热压处理后的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm。
根据本申请的一些实施例，胶材进一步包括离型纸。离型纸设置于粘结层背向第一功能层的表面。
在本申请的另一方面，本申请提供一种电化学装置，其包括电极组件、外壳及上述胶膜。该胶膜的粘结层设置于电极组件的外表面上。该胶膜的第一功能层设置于粘结层背向该电极组件的表面，且与该外壳的内表面接触。该胶膜固定电极组件及外壳。
根据本申请的一些实施例，粘结层对电极组件的外表面的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm，第一功能层对外壳的内表面的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm。
根据本申请的一些实施例，基于第一功能层的总重计，添加剂的质量比为0.5％至5.0％。
根据本申请的一些实施例，添加剂的质量比优选为1.0％至4.0％。
根据本申请的一些实施例，合成橡胶包含丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、氯丁橡胶、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、顺丁橡胶、异戊橡胶或乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的一些实施例，蜡包含石蜡、沙索蜡、聚乙烯蜡或聚丙烯蜡中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的一些实施例，高分子表面活化剂包含以下组分中的一种或多种：聚丙烯酰胺及、聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸共聚物、聚丁烯酸、聚丁烯酸共聚物、马来酸酐共聚物、聚亚乙基亚胺、聚马来酰胺及、聚马来酰胺衍生物、季铵化聚丙稀酰胺、聚二甲胺环路丙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇酯化产品、聚乙烯醇缩醛化产品、或聚环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷。
根据本申请的一些实施例，粘结层包含亚克力、聚丙烯、合成橡胶(SIS)、 聚乙烯或聚酰胺中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的一些实施例，粘结层的达因值为30mN/m至48mN/m，第一功能层的达因值为30mN/m至48mN/m。
根据本申请的一些实施例，粘结层的厚度为1μm至15μm，第一功能层的厚度为1μm至15μm，第一功能层的厚度大于或等于粘结层的厚度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，胶材中胶膜进一步包含：第二功能层，第二功能层设置于粘结层与第一功能层之间，第二功能层包含热传导填料，以所述第二功能层的总重量计，热传导填料的含量为5％至50％。
根据本申请的一些实施例，热传导填料的含量为20％至～40％。
根据本申请的一些实施例，热传导填料包含金刚石、石墨、石墨烯、氧化铝、氮化硼、二氧化硅或氧化钙中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二功能层的厚度为5μm至20μm。
本申请的胶材，通过取消胶材的基材，能够降低胶材的厚度以提高能量密度，并排除了胶层与基材脱落现象发生，确保对电极组件的固定，提高电化学装置的抗跌落性能。同时，通过设置胶膜各层的组分，本申请的无基材胶膜，能够确保热/压处理前后第一功能层与粘结层之间不出现渗透/迁移至另一层表面的现象，以优化电化学装置的制备过程。在强外力作用下，电化学装置中的胶膜自身会在第一功能层与粘结层的界面处发生内聚破坏，释放应力，不会发生胶膜与其贴附物之间的界面破坏，避免了因铝箔撕裂导致电化学装置的电压降、漏液、发热、冒烟、着火等失效现象，进一步提高了锂离子电化学装置的安全性。
本申请实施例的额外层面及优点将部分地在后续说明中描述、显示、或是经由本申请实施例的实施而阐释。
附图说明
在下文中将简要地说明为了描述本申请实施例或现有技术所必要的附图以便于描述本申请的实施例。显而易见地，下文描述中的附图仅只是本申请中的部分实施例。对本领域技术人员而言，在不需要创造性劳动的前提下，依然可以根据这些附图中所例示的结构来获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为根据本申请一些实施例的胶材的剖面结构示意图。
图2为根据本申请另一些实施例的胶材的剖面结构示意图。
图3为根据本申请一些实施例的电化学装置的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施例将会被详细的描示在下文中。本申请的实施例不应该被解释为对本申请的限制。
除非另外明确指明，本文使用的下述术语具有下文指出的含义。
如本文中所使用，术语“大致”、“大体上”、“实质”及“约”用以描述及说明小的变化。当与事件或情形结合使用时，所述术语可指代其中事件或情形精确发生的例子以及其中事件或情形极近似地发生的例子。举例来说，当结合数值使用时，术语可指代小于或等于所述数值的±10％的变化范围，例如小于或等于±5％、小于或等于±4％、小于或等于±3％、小于或等于±2％、小于或等于±1％、小于或等于±0.5％、小于或等于±0.1％、或小于或等于±0.05％。举例来说，如果两个数值之间的差值小于或等于所述值的平均值的±10％(例如小于或等于±5％、小于或等于±4％、小于或等于±3％、小于或等于±2％、小于或等于±1％、小于或等于±0.5％、小于或等于±0.1％、或小于或等于±0.05％)，那么可认为所述两个数值“大体上”相同。
在具体实施方式及权利要求书中，由术语“中的至少一者”、“中的至少一个”、“中的一种或多种”、“中的一者或多者”或其他相似术语所连接的项目的列表可意味着所列项目的任何组合。例如，如果列出项目A及B，那么短语“A及B中的一者或多者”意味着仅A；仅B；或A及B。在另一实例中，如果列出项目A、B及C，那么短语“A、B及C中的一者或多者”意味着仅A；或仅B；仅C；A及B(排除C)；A及C(排除B)；B及C(排除A)；或A、B及C的全部。项目A可包含单个元件或多个元件。项目B可包含单个元件或多个元件。项目C可包含单个元件或多个元件。
再者，为便于描述，“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等等可在本文中用于区分一个图或一系列图的不同组件。除非经特别指定或限定之外，“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等等不意欲描述对应组件。
在本领域中，用于固定电化学装置，使其电极组件与外壳接合的胶材一般是 采用由基材与胶层组成的胶材。然而，由于基材本身占有一定的厚度，将该胶材用于电极组件与外壳的接合会增加电化学装置的整体厚度，进而导致其整体能量密度的损失。同时，基材的材料于分切工艺时，有产生毛刺并刺穿电极组件的隔膜的可能，对电化学装置的安全产生潜在影响。此外，由于胶层对基材的粘结力与胶层对其贴附物的粘结力并不一致，能够导致胶层从胶层与基材接触处脱落，而不能有效固定电极组件。严重时，由于电极组件与外壳之间存在相对运动，导致头尾部磨损严重，易造成电化学装置发热、冒烟，甚至着火。
中国专利CN105449255B公开了一种无基材胶膜，该无基材胶膜包含了粘性层与具备初粘性的压敏胶或不具有初粘性的压敏胶与常温下不具有粘性的温敏胶的复合材料的功能层(热熔层)，其能够在未热处理和/或压力处理时不与包装壳(外壳)粘结在一起，而在施加压力之后与外壳粘结在一起，以优化电极组件的包装工艺。然而，该无基材胶膜的粘性层与热熔层之间无法形成稳定的界面，粘性层的材料与热熔层的材料容易相互渗透，这导致该无基材胶膜在常温下放置一段时间后其热熔层表面粘性会自动增大，不利于电极组件的包装工艺。另外，由于粘性层表面对其贴附物的粘结力大于热熔层表面对其贴附物的粘结力，这导致在受外力作用时，该无基材胶膜的界面破坏往往发生于功能层表面与其贴附物之间，严重时胶膜的界面破坏会导致外壳的铝箔撕裂或破损，进而威胁电化学装置的安全。
有鉴于上述问题，根据本申请的一个方面，本申请实施例提供了一种无基材胶膜，该无基材胶膜通过在功能层中添加蜡和/或高分子表面活性剂，能够有效的维持粘结层与功能层之间的界面，降低粘结层与功能层的相互渗透，以优化电极组件的包装工艺。同时，在受到外力作用下，本申请的胶膜能够于自身粘结层与功能层之间的界面处发生内聚破坏，缓冲应力，使胶膜并不会破坏其贴附物的粘结界面。在强外力作用下，本申请的胶膜能够于自身粘结层与功能层之间的界面处发生剥离，进而保护电极组件与外壳各自的完整性，避免电化学装置的破裂损伤。
图1是根据本申请部分实施例的胶材的剖面示意图。
如图1所示，本申请部分实施例提供了一种胶材，该胶材包括胶膜10，该胶膜10为无基材胶膜，其包括粘结层101和第一功能层102，该第一功能层102包含合成橡胶和添加剂，且添加剂包括蜡或高分子表面活性剂中的一种或多种。
第一功能层102为热敏感和/或压力敏感层，即，第一功能层102在接受热处理和/或压力处理后其对接触物(例如，铝箔，包装袋的PP层等)的粘结力会变高。在一些实施例中，未经过热处理和/或压力处理的情况下，第一功能层102在常温下的粘结力为0.01N/mm至0.05N/mm，在本文中术语“常温”是表示23℃至26℃范围内的温度。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102经过热处理和/或压力处理后，第一功能层的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm。本文中的术语“热处理”指样品在一段时间内接触或放置于相对高的温度(高于常温)的物体/环境中，“压力处理”指样品在一段时间内接受一定量的压力施加，“热压处理”指样品在一段时间内接触或放置于相对高的温度(高于常温)的物体/环境中并同时接受一定量的压力施加，本领域技术人员可以根据实际材料与粘度的需求调整“热处理”、“压力处理”或“热压处理”的参数。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102经过热压处理后的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm，其中热压处理的设置温度为55℃至85℃，施加的压力为0.3MPa至2MPa，时间为5mins至120mins。
本文中的术语“粘结力”是指粘结样本与待粘结样本在受到外力剥离时的垂直剥离力，其能够通过标准：GB/T2792-2014的剥离力测试来获得，其具体实施内容请见后文中的具体实施例部分。
在一些实施例中，以第一功能层102的总重计，第一功能层102中的添加剂的质量比为0.5％至5.0％。在一些实施例中，添加剂的质量比大致为：0.5％、1.0％、1.5％、2.0％、2.5％、3.0％、3.5％、4.0％、4.5％、5.0％或上述任两者数值所构成的数值范围。添加剂中的蜡和/或高分子表面活化剂具有极性低及防侵蚀的特性，其对第一功能层102的合成橡胶极性结合力大，并与粘结层材料不亲和，进而起到防止第一功能层102与粘结层101相互渗透的作用。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102能够通过调整添加剂的组成与质量比来调节其对外壳材料的粘结力。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中的添加剂的质量比为1.0％至4.0％，以具有最佳的内聚结构破坏效果。
在一些实施例中，添加剂中的蜡包含石蜡、沙索蜡、聚乙烯蜡或聚丙烯蜡中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中添加聚乙烯蜡，其中聚乙烯蜡具有优良的耐寒性、耐热性、耐化学性、耐磨性，能够进一步提升第一功能层的加工性能。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中添加聚丙烯蜡，其中聚丙烯蜡具有熔点高、熔融度低、润滑性、分散性好等特点，能够使第一功能层更容易分 布均匀。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中添加沙索蜡，其中沙索蜡的较短侧链存在长链脂肪族烃，具有更好的电导性能、更高的熔点、硬度，可以提高第一功能层的耐热度。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中添加石蜡，其中石蜡为碳原子数18～30的烃类混合物，含有80％～95％的直链烷烃，小于20％的带个别支链的烷烃和带长侧链的单环环烷烃。在一些实施例中，石蜡的化学结构式如下：
Figure PCTCN2021117621-appb-000001
在一些实施例中，添加剂中的高分子表面活化剂包含以下组分中的一种或多种：聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸共聚物、聚丁烯酸、聚丁烯酸共聚物、马来酸酐共聚物、聚亚乙基亚胺、聚马来酰胺、聚马来酰胺衍生物、季铵化聚丙稀酰胺、聚二甲胺环路丙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇酯化产品、聚乙烯醇缩醛化产品、或聚环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷，采用上述高分子表面活化剂的无基材胶膜分层效果更佳。
在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中的合成橡胶(SIS)包含丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、氯丁橡胶、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、顺丁橡胶、异戊橡胶或乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中的组成可以通过傅立叶变换红外光谱的方式进行测定。在本文中，第一功能层102的组成是通过标准：GB/T 21186-2007进行测定，其中利用一特殊棱镜(如，TlBr和TLI作成的KRS-5棱镜在250cm -1以上透明)，在其两面夹上样品，入射光经在样品、棱镜中多次反射后到达检测器，入射光到达样品表面的深度与入射波长、入射角以及棱镜及样品的折射率有关。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102中的组成能够基于检测器所检测到的吸收峰位置与强度来进行测定。在一些实施例中，基于标准：GB/T 21186-2007下，本申请的第一功能层能够在100～1700cm -1(1450cm -1甲基CH3、1465cm -1亚甲基CH2、1340cm -1次甲基CH、1270cm -1硫酸酯盐、1200cm -1磺酸盐、1430&1560cm -1脂肪酸盐、1220&1100cm -1硫酸酯盐、1100cm -1羟基、1700cm -1羰基)、2000～2800cm -1(2700cm -1羧基)及3000～3500cm -1(3300cm -1酰胺、3100cm -1 脂肪族铵盐)的段落出现特征吸收峰。
在一些实施例中，粘结层101可以包含本领域中任何合适的粘结材料。在一些实施例中，粘结层101包含亚克力、聚丙烯、合成橡胶(SIS)、聚乙烯或聚酰胺中的一种或多种。
参考图1，在一些实施例中，粘结层101的厚度为1μm至15μm。在一些实施例中，粘结层101的厚度能够小于或等于3μm。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102的厚度为1μm至15μm。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102的厚度能够小于或等于5μm。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102的厚度大于粘结层101的厚度，以进一步降低粘结层101对第一功能层102渗透的可能。在一些实施例中，胶膜10的总厚度为2μm至30μm。在一些实施例中，胶膜10的总厚度能够小于或等于8μm，以提高电化学装置的单位体积能量密度。在另一些实施例中，胶膜10的总厚度大致为，例如，约2μm、约4μm、约6μm、约8μm、约10μm、约15μm、约20μm、约30μm或这些数值中任意两者组成的范围。
在一些实施例中，粘结层101与第一功能层102的渗透状况能够通过两侧表面的达因值进行测量。本文中的术语“达因值”是指表面张力系数，其定义为液体/胶体表面相邻两部分之间，单位长度内互相牵引的力，其能够通过达因笔测试来获得，其具体实施内容请见后文中的具体实施例部分。如粘结层101渗透至第一功能层102中，则第一功能层102表面相邻的组成便会改变进而造成其达因值的变动。反之亦然，如第一功能层102渗透至粘结层101中，则粘结层101表面的达因值也同样会发生变化。在一些实施例中，胶膜10在室温下放置12小时后其两侧粘结层101与第一功能层表面102的达因值并无明显变化。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102经过热处理和/或压力处理后的达因值并无明显变化。在一些实施例中，粘结层101的达因值为30mN/m至48mN/m。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102的达因值为30mN/m至48mN/m。
本领域技术人员应理解，可根据胶膜具体的使用场景的要求，调整胶膜对其贴附物的表面的覆盖率。在一些实施例中，胶膜对其贴附物的表面的覆盖率为10％至95％。
参考图1，在一些实施例中，胶材能够进一步包括离型纸103，离型纸103设置于胶膜10的粘结层101背向第一功能层102的表面。
本领域技术人员应理解，胶材中离型纸103的设置是用于防止粘结层101表 面接触到非贴附目标表面或自身，以避免在胶材使用过程中，粘结层与非贴附目标表面或自身发生粘粘，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择本领域中任何合适的离型纸材料或尺寸。在一些实施例中，离型纸可以单面设置于胶膜的粘结层任何暴露的表面上，例如，但不限于，粘结层背向第一功能层的表面或粘结层侧边的表面。在一些实施例中，离型纸可以同时设置于胶膜的粘结层的暴露表面上以及第一功能层的暴露表面上，例如，但不限于，第一功能层背向粘结层的表面或第一功能层侧边的表面。在一些实施例中，离型纸可待胶膜设置完后撕除。在一些实施例中，离型纸包含单面硅离型膜或双面硅离型膜。
图2是根据本申请另一部分实施例的胶材的剖面示意图。
如图2所示，本申请另一部分实施例提供的胶材的胶膜10进一步包含了第二功能层104，第二功能层104设置于粘结层101与第一功能层102之间。第二功能层104为散热层，其具有较高的导热系数，第二功能层104能够提供散热通道将电极组件内部产生的热量消散出去，进而消除电极组件中的热集中现象，避免电化学装置中的热累积，提高了电化学装置的安全性。在一些实施例中，第二功能层104的导热系数高于粘结层101和/或第一功能层102。
在一些实施例中，第二功能层104包含热传导填料，以提高第二功能层104的导热能力。在一些实施例中，第二功能层104还可以包含导热凝胶。在不违背本申请的精神的情况下，热传导填料与导热凝胶可以是本领域中任何合适的材料。在一些实施例中，导热凝胶为聚硅氧烷。在一些实施中，热传导填料包含金刚石、石墨、石墨烯、氧化铝、氮化硼、二氧化硅或氧化钙中的一种或多种。以第二功能层104的总重量计，在一些实施中，热传导填料的含量为5％至50％；在一些实施例中，热传导填料的含量大致为：5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％、45％、50％或上述任两者数值所构成的数值范围。在一些实施中，热传导填料的含量为20％至40％，以在提供一定导热能力的同时依然维持一定粘结力，使得胶膜的多层结构更为稳定。
在一些实施中，第二功能层104进一步包含粘结材料，该粘结材料包含亚克力、聚丙烯、合成橡胶(SIS)、聚乙烯或聚酰胺类中的一种或多种，以提高第二功能层104的结构稳定性及胶膜的粘结力。在一些实施中，以第二功能层104的总重量计，粘结材料的含量为5％至30％。
在一些实施例中，第二功能层104的厚度为5μm至20μm。
在一些实施例中，第二功能层104能够完全覆盖粘结层101。在一些实施例中，第二功能层104能够部分覆盖粘结层101。应理解，在不违背本申请的精神下，本领域技术人员可以根据实际散热需要配置第二功能层的在胶膜中的分布范围。在一些实施例中，胶膜中的第二功能层分布能够根据对应于电极组件的热集中区域设置。
图3是根据本申请部分实施例的电化学装置的剖面示意图。
如图3所示，根据本申请的另一方面，本申请部分实施例提供了一种电化学装置30，其包含：电极组件301、外壳302及上述实施例中的胶膜10，其中胶膜10的粘结层101设置于电极组件301的外表面上，胶膜10的第一功能层102设置于粘结层背向电极组件301的表面，且与该外壳302的内表面接触，且胶膜10固定电极组件301及外壳302。
在一些实施例中，粘结层101对电极组件301的外表面的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm。在一些实施例中，第一功能层102对外壳的内表面的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm。在一些实施例中，在外力作用下，能够优化胶膜自身在粘结层及第一功能层的界面所发生内聚破坏，进一步提高胶膜对电极组件301的外表面及外壳302的内表面的保护。
在一些实施例中，外壳为软包型的铝塑膜。应理解，在不违背本申请的精神下，外壳302可以是本领域中任何常见的电化学装置封装结构。在一些实施例中，外壳为方形铝壳或圆柱形铝壳。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包含正极、隔离膜以及负极。应理解，虽然图3中的实施例采用了卷绕型的电极组件，然而，在不违背本申请的精神下，本申请中的电极组件可以是本领域中任何合适的电极组件，而不受其限制。在一些实施例中，电极组件能够为叠片结构或多极耳结构。在一些实施例中，电化学装置为锂离子电池。
在一些实施例中，正极包含正极集流体及正极活性材料层。正极集流体可以为铝箔或镍箔，然而，可以采用本领域常用的其他正极集流体，而不受其限制。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层包括能够吸收和释放锂(Li)的正极活性材料(下文中，有时称为“能够吸收/释放锂Li的正极活性材料”)。能够吸收/释放锂(Li)的正极活性材料的实例可以包括钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、 镍钴铝酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸钒锂、磷酸钒氧锂、磷酸铁锂、钛酸锂和富锂锰基材料中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层能够进一步包含粘结剂及导电剂中的至少一种。粘结剂包含聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯的共聚物、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸盐、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯呲咯烷酮、聚乙烯醚、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚四氟乙烯及聚六氟丙烯中的一种或多种。导电剂包含碳纳米管、导电炭黑、乙炔黑、石墨烯、科琴黑中的一种或多种。应理解，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择本领域常规的粘结剂及导电剂，而不受其限制。
在一些实施例中，负极包含负极集流体及负极活性材料层。负极集流体可为铜箔或镍箔，然而，可以采用本领域常用的其他负极集流体，而不受其限制。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层包括能够吸收和释放锂(Li)的负极活性材料，其包括，但不限于，碳材料、金属化合物、氧化物、硫化物、锂的氮化物例如LiN3、锂金属、与锂一起形成合金的金属元素和半金属元素、聚合物材料及其组合中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层能够进一步包含粘结剂及导电剂中的至少一种。负极活性物质层的导电剂和粘结剂与上面描述的正极活性材料层的导电剂和粘结剂类似，在此不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，隔离膜包括，但不限于，选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺和芳纶中的至少一种。举例来说，聚乙烯包括选自高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和超高分子量聚乙烯中的至少一种组分。尤其是聚乙烯和聚丙烯，它们对防止短路具有良好的作用，并可以通过关断效应改善电池的稳定性。应理解，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择本领域常规的隔离膜，而不受其限制。
本申请的电化学装置还包括电解液，该电解液包括锂盐和非水溶剂。
在一些实施例中，锂盐选自LiPF 6、LiBF 4、LiAsF 6、LiClO 4、LiB(C 6H 5) 4、LiCH 3SO 3、LiCF 3SO 3、LiN(SO 2CF 3) 2、LiC(SO 2CF 3) 3、LiSiF 6、LiBOB和二氟硼酸锂中的一种或多种。举例来说，锂盐选用LiPF 6，因为它可以给出高的离子导电率并改善循环特性。
非水溶剂可为碳酸酯化合物、羧酸酯化合物、醚化合物、其它有机溶剂或它们的任意组合。
上述碳酸酯化合物可为链状碳酸酯化合物、环状碳酸酯化合物、氟代碳酸酯化合物或其任意组合。
上述其它有机溶剂的实例为二甲亚砜、1,2-二氧戊环、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三辛酯、和磷酸酯及其任意组合。
在一些实施例中，非水溶剂选自由碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、醋酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯及其任意组合所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中，非水溶剂是二氧环戊烷(DOL)和二甲醚(DME)以体积比0.5-2混合而成。
应理解，本申请实施例中的正极、负极、隔离膜以及电解质的制备方法，在不违背本申请的精神下，可以根据具体需要选择本领域任何合适的常规方法，而不受其限制。在制造电化学装置的方法的一个实施方案中，锂离子电池的制备方法包括：将负极、隔膜及正极按顺序卷绕、折叠或堆叠成电极组件，将上述实施例中的胶材中的胶膜通过粘结层粘附于电极组件的外表面，随后将粘附有胶膜的电极组件装入外壳，例如，铝塑膜，并注入电解液，随后对装入电极组件的锂离子电池外壳进行热压工艺以使电极组件外表面上的胶膜与外壳的内表面接合，并通过后续真空封装、静置、化成、整形等工序，以获得锂离子电池。
虽然上面以锂离子电池进行了举例说明，但是本领域技术人员在阅读本申请之后，能够想到由本申请的胶材的胶膜可以用于其他合适的电化学装置。这样的电化学装置包括发生电化学反应的任何装置，它的具体实例包括所有种类的一次电池、二次电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池或电容。特别地，该电化学装置是锂二次电池，包括锂金属二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂聚合物二次电池或锂离子聚合物二次电池。
本申请的一些实施例进一步提供了一种电子装置，电子装置包含本申请 实施例中的电化学装置。
本申请实施例的电子装置没有特别限定，其可以是用于现有技术中已知的任何电子装置。在一些实施例中，电子装置可以包括，但不限于，笔记本电脑、笔输入型计算机、移动电脑、电子书播放器、便携式电话、便携式传真机、便携式复印机、便携式打印机、头戴式立体声耳机、录像机、液晶电视、手提式清洁器、便携CD机、迷你光盘、收发机、电子记事本、计算器、存储卡、便携式录音机、收音机、备用电源、电机、汽车、摩托车、助力自行车、自行车、照明器具、玩具、游戏机、钟表、电动工具、闪光灯、照相机、家庭用大型蓄电池和锂离子电容器等。
具体实施例
下面列举了一些具体实施例及对比例并分别对其电化学装置(锂离子电池)以及GB/T2792-2014剥离力测试、达因值测试、GB/T21186-2007傅立叶变换红外光谱测试、厚度减薄测试、跌落性能测试及散热测试的测试方法与结果以更好地对本申请的技术方案进行说明。
一、测试方法
1.1 GB/T2792-2014剥离力测试：
使用高铁拉力机(ASR-1021，广东艾斯瑞仪器科技有限公司)将待测物贴在铝箔上，裁切为20mm*60mm的条状试样，其长宽值可根据实际情况按比例调整；沿待测物长度方向，将用于检测与待测物结合力的样品表面通过强力胶粘附在钢板上，其中粘附长度不低于40mm；将钢板固定在高铁拉力机的相应位置，拉起试样的未被粘附在钢板上的另一端，通过连接物或直接将待测物样品放入夹头内夹紧使其与钢板上的样品表面接合，其中被拉起的试样部分与钢板在空间上夹角为180°。夹头以50mm/min的速度拉动待测物，最终测得平稳区域的拉力平均值记为粘结力。
1.2达因值测试：
采用达因测试笔进行测试，将达因测试笔垂直于待测试物的表面，在表面均匀的画上一条直线，静待2秒至3秒后，观察是否发生收缩并凝聚成水珠点。判断方法：①画线很平均地分布，不起任何珠点，则说明待测物的表 面张力高于达因笔上所标出的值；②画线慢慢地收缩，则说明待测物的表面张力，稍低于达因笔上所标出的值；③画线立即收缩，并且形成珠点，则说明待测物的表面张力，远低于达因笔所标出的值，依据上述判断方法持续更换不同达因值的达因测试笔，直到获得最接近达因值以作为待测物的达因值。
1.3 GB/T21186-2007傅立叶变换红外光谱测试：
采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(Nicolet iS50，赛默飞)测试待测物的傅立叶变换红外光谱。全反射法(ATR)可用于样品深度方向及表面的红外光谱测定。采用特殊棱镜(TlBr和TLI作成的KRS-5棱镜在250cm -1以上透明)，在其两面夹上待测物，入射光经在待测物、棱镜中多次反射后到达检测器。入射光到达待测物表面的深度与入射波长、入射角以及棱镜及待测物的折射率有关。记录入射光到达检测器是的吸收波长，并通过吸收波长的强度与位置判断待测物的组成。
1.4 1.8m跌落测试：
取10枚待测的电化学装置(锂离子电池)在常温下以0.5C倍率恒定电流充电至满充电压，在恒定电压下充电至电流0.05C，使其处于满充状态，随后调整锂离子电池电压至68％SOC；量测电压及内部电阻，使得锂离子电池的电压为3.94V至3.99V；使用恒压测试机和跌落专用金属或者塑料模具(形状尺寸仿真实手机)，将锂离子电池放入恒压测试机里面，紧贴锂离子电池后(1分钟内)立刻进行空气压缩，使用5kg压块压锂离子电池7秒；随后静置1小时，再次测量测电压及内部电阻；检查电池外观是否破损、漏液、膨胀以及腐蚀等情况，完成后将跌落专用金属或者塑料模具的盖板盖好，上好螺丝完成跌落测试准备。
采用手动跌落测试：按照如下顺序，6个方向向下从1.8m高处自由落下：头->尾->头右角->尾右角->头左角->尾左角(角度：45±15度)，重复7轮。每轮测试结束后如有发现漏液、发热、冒烟、着火的情况则停止继续跌落，待跌落循环结束后如无上述情形则视为通过跌落测试。取下跌落测试后的锂离子电池，常温静置24h后量测电压及内部电阻，记录锂离子电池放电电压是否下降超出50mV。
1.5 1m极限跌落测试：
取10枚待测的电化学装置(锂离子电池)在常温下以0.5C倍率恒定电流充电至满充电压，在恒定电压下充电至电流0.05C，使其处于满充状态，随后调整锂离子电池电压至68％SOC；量测电压及内部电阻，使得锂离子电池的电压为3.94V至3.99V；使用恒压测试机和跌落专用金属或者塑料模具(形状尺寸仿真实手机)，将锂离子电池放入恒压测试机里面，紧贴锂离子电池后(1分钟内)立刻进行空气压缩，使用5kg压块压锂离子电池7秒；随后静置1小时，再次测量测电压及内部电阻；检查电池外观是否破损、漏液、膨胀以及腐蚀等情况，完成后将跌落专用金属或者塑料模具的盖板盖好，上好螺丝完成跌落测试准备。
采用手动跌落测试：按照如下顺序，6个方向向下从1m高处自由落下：头->尾->头右角->尾右角->头左角->尾左角(角度：45±15度)，发现漏液、发热、冒烟、着火，电压下降超出50mV的情况则停止跌落，并记录1m极限跌落次数。
1.6散热测试：
将待测的电化学装置(锂离子电池)内部植入热电偶，其中两只微型热电偶所用的金属丝直径为80μm，其中一只热电偶植入于电极组件的中心，另一只热电偶放置在电极组件和外壳的界面处。另外，在软包电池的外表面粘贴一只热电偶，监测电池表面的温度。锂离子电池先以0.5C放电至2.8V，然后静置30分钟。在室温环境下以0.5C倍率恒定电流充电至满充电压，在恒定电压下充电至电流0.05C。随后电池水平放置于温箱中，热电偶朝上，并记录不同充/放电速率1C及7C的温度变化。
二、制备方法
2.1正极的制备
将正极活性材料钴酸锂(LiCoO 2)、导电炭黑(Super P)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按照重量比97.5:1.0:1.5进行混合，加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作为溶剂，调配成为固含量为0.75的浆料，并搅拌均匀。将浆料均匀涂覆在正极集流体铝箔上，90℃条件下烘干。随后经过冷压、裁片、分切程序后得 到正极。
2.2电解液的制备
在含水量小于150ppm的环境(干燥氩气气氛中)下，将锂盐LiPF6与非水有机溶剂(碳酸乙烯酯(EC)：碳酸二乙酯(DEC)：碳酸亚丙酯(PC)：丙酸丙酯(PP)：碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)＝20:30:20:28:2，质量比)按质量比8：92配制而成的溶液作为锂离子电池的电解液。
2.3负极的制备
采用铜箔作为负极集流体，在铜箔表面均匀的涂布一层石墨浆料，浆料组成为97.7wt％人造石墨、1.3wt％羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)以及1.0wt％丁苯橡胶(SBR)的组合，90℃条件下烘干。随后经过冷压、裁片、分切程序后，在85℃的真空条件下干燥4h，制备得到负极。
2.4锂离子电池的制备
采用聚乙烯膜作为隔离膜，其中聚乙烯膜的厚度为15μm，将上述正极、隔离膜与负极依顺序堆叠，使隔离膜处于正极与负极中间起到隔离的作用。将堆叠的电极组件在80℃下脱去水分后，获得干电极组件，并根据下述实施例制备锂离子电池。
实施例1
采用亚克力作为粘结层材料，采用合成橡胶与添加剂混合以形成第一功能层浆料，其中合成橡胶与聚丙烯蜡的种类与比例请参见以下实施例表格。将粘结层材料涂覆在离型纸上形成粘结层，并在粘结层上涂覆第一功能层浆料形成第一功能层，其中粘结层的厚度为5μm，且第一功能层的厚度为5μm。
将干电极组件的两侧贴附无基材胶膜，并装入外壳铝塑模软包包装袋中，将顶侧密封，并通过80℃，真空Baking 8h；随后，注入电解液，经过化成、容量、抽气等工序，制成厚度/宽度/高度分别为5.2mm、63mm、76mm的方形软包锂离子电池。
实施例2-11
与实施例1的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于第一功能层浆料中的合 成橡胶的种类和/或其与添加剂的比例不同，具体请参见以下实施例表格。
实施例12-15
与实施例3的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于第一功能层浆料中添加剂的种类不同，具体请参见以下实施例表格。
实施例16-18
与实施例3的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于第一功能层的厚度不同，具体请参见表1。
实施例19-22
与实施例3的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于粘结层的粘结材料不同，具体请参见表2。
实施例23-24
与实施例3的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于粘结层的厚度不同，具体请参见表2。
实施例25
与实施例3的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于，实施例25的胶材于形成粘结层后，进一步将50wt％的导热凝胶、40wt％的及10wt％的粘结剂混合形成的第二功能层涂料，其中导热凝胶、热传导填料与粘结剂的种类与比例请参见表3。随后，涂覆第二功能层涂料于粘结层上以形成第二功能层，并于第二功能层上涂覆第一功能层浆料形成第一功能层，其中粘结层的厚度为5μm，第一功能层的厚度为5μm，且第二功能层的厚度为10μm。
实施例26～36
与实施例25的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于导热凝胶、导热凝胶或粘结剂的种类或比例不同，具体请参见表3。
实施例37～39
与实施例25的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于第二功能层的厚度不同，具体请参见表3。
对比例1-3
与对比例1的制备方式大致上相同，区别在于第一功能层浆料的制备时是仅使用了合成橡胶，且第一功能层的厚度不同，具体请参见表1。
对比例4
采用一般商用双面胶作为胶材，于电极组件的两侧贴附双面胶，并装入外壳铝塑模软包包装袋中，将顶侧密封，并通过80℃，真空Baking 8h；随后，注入电解液，经过化成、容量、抽气等工序，制成厚度/宽度/高度分别为5.2mm、63mm、76mm的方形软包锂离子电池。
对比例5
与对比例4的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于，双面胶仅贴附于电极组件的一侧。
对比例6
与对比例5的制备方式大致上相同，其区别在于，双面胶仅贴附于电极组件的另一侧。
三、比较结果
3.1无基材胶膜组成比较
实施例1-15与对比例1-6的锂离子电池的区别在于其使用的胶膜或胶膜的第一功能层组成不同，其中第一功能层的结构参数与粘结力测试、达因测试及跌落测试的结果记载于下表1中。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021117621-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021117621-appb-000003
参考表1可知，本申请通过于无基材胶膜的第一功能层中添加包含蜡或高分子表面活性剂的添加剂，能够有效的调节第一功能层的粘结力，使其在常温下与热压处理后具有不同强度的粘结力，以优化电极组件的封装工艺。同时，本申请实施例的胶膜在添加了添加剂能够使其第一功能层表面的达因值在一定范围内，以维持第一功能层与粘结层之间的界面，避免第一功能层与粘结层之间的渗透，进而使得胶膜在受到外力时能够通过第一功能层与粘结层之间界面处的内聚破坏释放应力，以提高其在跌落测试的表现。参考实施例1-15与对比例1-6，实施例中添加了一定含量的添加剂的第一功能层能够有效的调整热压处理后的表面粘性，避免过高的粘性对电极组件或外壳表面的破坏；同时，维持第一功能层的达因值，以优化锂离子电池的加工需求。本申请采用无基材胶膜的锂离子电池能够在受到外力冲击后，绝大部分依然维持稳定的电压输出。
比较实施例1-6与对比例1可知，本申请无基材胶膜的第一功能层中通过调整添加剂的比例含量能够改变第一功能层表面达因值，影响第一功能层与粘结层的界面稳定性，进而影响其跌落测试表现。参考实施例1-5可知，本申请实施例所提供的添加剂的质量比范围内的胶膜，其达因值范围介于30dyn/cm至48dyn/cm，第一功能层与粘结层的界面较为稳定，其锂离子电池具有较佳的跌落测试表现。
比较实施例3与对比例4-6，相较于采用一般双面胶的锂离子电池，本 申请实施例的锂离子电池受到强外力冲击后，能够保持外壳不破损、不着火，不漏液，可见本申请实施例采用无基材胶膜的锂离子电池能够有效提高其对于强外力冲击的安全性能。在1m极限跌落测试的结果，其可承受的跌落次数远高于对比例中采用一般双面胶的锂离子电池，可知本申请对于较低的外力冲击依然能够有效提高其安全性能。
3.2无基材胶膜厚度比较
实施例3与实施例16-18及实施例23-24的锂离子电池的区别在于：其胶膜的第一功能层和/或粘结层的厚度不同，其中第一功能层的厚度、粘结层的厚度、粘结层的材料与粘结力测试及锂离子电池的跌落测试的结果记载于下表2中。
表2
Figure PCTCN2021117621-appb-000004
参考表2，比较实施例3、16-18与23-24可知，本申请实施例的无基材胶膜中的第一功能层或粘结层的厚度如果过低，会导致其粘结力下降，并影响第一功能层与粘结层的界面维持，使得胶膜无法通过界面处的内聚破坏释放应力，进而影响其跌落测试表现。实施例中第一功能层的厚度大于或等于粘结层的厚度的锂离子电池的胶膜第一功能层与粘结层的界面维持较佳，其跌落测试表现更优异。比较实施例3与19-22可知，本申请实施例中的粘结层对电极组件外表面的粘结力会受到其材料与厚度的影响，即可以通过调整粘结层的厚度与粘结材料改变粘结层对电极组件外表面的粘结力。
3.3散热测试效果
实施例3与实施例25-39的锂离子电池的区别在于：其胶膜是否还具有第二功能层，其中第二功能层的厚度、第二功能层的组成材料与粘结力测试及锂离子电池的跌落测试与散热测试的结果记载于下表3中。
表3
Figure PCTCN2021117621-appb-000005
参考表5可知，实施例25～39中通过采用设置了第二功能层的无基材胶膜，其能够有效的提高锂离子电池的散热效果，进而有效降低其电极组件于充电时提升的温度，以避免电池在高充电倍率下充电的过热。同时，比较实施例3与25～39可知，本申请实施例设置了第二功能层的无基材胶膜对其锂离子电池的跌落测试结构，依然具有良好的安全性能表现。
整个说明书中对“实施例、“部分实施例”、“一个实施例”、“另一举例”、“举例”、“具体举例”或“部分举例”的引用，其所代表的意思是在本申请中的至少一个实施例或举例包含了该实施例或举例中所描述的特定特征、结构、材料或特性。因此，在整个说明书中的各处所出现的描述，例如：“在一些实施例中”、“在实施例中”、“在一个实施例中”、“在另一个举例中”，“在一个举例中”、“在特定举例中”或“举例”，其不必然是引用本申请中的相同的实施例或示例。此外，本文中的特定特征、结构、材料或特性可以以任何合适的方式在一个或多个实施例或举例中结合。
尽管已经演示和描述了说明性实施例，本领域技术人员应该理解上述实施例不能被解释为对本申请的限制，并且可以在不脱离本申请的精神、原理及范围的情况下对实施例进行改变，替代和修改。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种胶材，其包括胶膜，所述胶膜包括粘结层和第一功能层，其中，所述第一功能层包含合成橡胶和添加剂，所述添加剂包括蜡或高分子表面活性剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的胶材，其中所述第一功能层在23℃至26℃下的粘结力为0.01N/mm至0.05N/mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的胶材，其中所述第一功能层经过热压处理后的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的胶材，其进一步包括离型纸，其中所述离型纸设置于所述粘结层背向所述第一功能层的表面。
  5. 一种电化学装置，其包含：
    电极组件；
    外壳；及
    如权利要求1所述的胶膜，其中所述胶膜的所述粘结层设置于所述电极组件的外表面上，所述胶膜的所述第一功能层设置于所述粘结层背向所述电极组件的表面，且与所述外壳的内表面接触，所述胶膜固定所述电极组件及所述外壳。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述粘结层对所述电极组件的所述外表面的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm，所述第一功能层对所述外壳的所述内表面的粘结力为0.05N/mm至1.0N/mm。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中以所述第一功能层的总重计，所述添加剂的质量比为0.5％至5.0％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电化学装置，其中添加剂的质量比为1.0％至4.0％。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述合成橡胶包含丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、氯丁橡胶、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶、硅橡胶、氟橡胶、顺丁橡胶、异戊橡胶或乙丙橡胶中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述蜡包含石蜡、沙索蜡、聚乙烯蜡或聚丙烯蜡中的一种或多种。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述高分子表面活化剂包含以下组分中的一种或多种：聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸共聚物、聚丁烯酸、聚丁烯酸共聚物、马来酸酐共聚物、聚亚乙基亚胺、聚马来酰胺、聚马来酰胺衍生物、季铵化聚丙稀酰胺、聚二甲胺环路丙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇酯化产品、聚乙烯醇缩醛化产品、或聚环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷。
  12. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述粘结层包含亚克力、聚丙烯、合成橡胶(SIS)、聚乙烯或聚酰胺中的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述粘结层的达因值为30mN/m至48mN/m，所述第一功能层的达因值为30mN/m至48mN/m。
  14. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述粘结层的厚度为1μm至15μm，所述第一功能层的厚度为1μm至15μm，所述第一功能层的厚度大于或等于所述粘结层的厚度。
  15. 根据权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中所述胶膜进一步包含：第二功能层，所述第二功能层设置于所述粘结层与所述第一功能层之间，其中所述第二功能层包含热传导填料，且以所述第二功能层的总重量计，所述热传导填料的含量为5％至50％。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电化学装置，所述热传导填料的含量为20％至40％。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的电化学装置，其中所述热传导填料包含金刚石、石墨、石墨烯、氧化铝、氮化硼、二氧化硅或氧化钙中的一种或多种。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的电化学装置，其中所述第二功能层的厚度为5μm至20μm。
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