WO2023040020A1 - 海底电缆 - Google Patents

海底电缆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023040020A1
WO2023040020A1 PCT/CN2021/128802 CN2021128802W WO2023040020A1 WO 2023040020 A1 WO2023040020 A1 WO 2023040020A1 CN 2021128802 W CN2021128802 W CN 2021128802W WO 2023040020 A1 WO2023040020 A1 WO 2023040020A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
water
submarine cable
blocking
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/128802
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王丽媛
薛驰
胡明
王海洋
王文超
聂影
孙艳雨
赵囿林
张洪亮
张一良
杜强
刘磊
王海涛
金星宇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable Co Ltd filed Critical Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable Co Ltd
Priority to EP21949521.5A priority Critical patent/EP4174879A4/en
Priority to DE112021003596.7T priority patent/DE112021003596T5/de
Publication of WO2023040020A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040020A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/14—Submarine cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/08—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/006—Constructional features relating to the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/22—Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel
    • H01B7/226—Helicoidally wound metal wires or tapes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cable technology, in particular to a submarine cable.
  • Submarine cable is a current-carrying device for power transmission on the seabed, which can be used for power supply of offshore drilling platforms, offshore islands, etc.
  • the submarine cable includes the submarine cable section, the landing cable section and the joint connecting the submarine cable section and the landing cable section. the part between.
  • a submarine cable includes a cable core, an armor layer and an outer sheath.
  • the cable core includes a plurality of twisted metal wires and a water-blocking medium filled in the twisted gap of the metal wires;
  • the armor layer is set to cover the cable core, and the outer sheath is set to cover the armor layer.
  • the metal wire of the cable core will have a skin effect, which will increase the resistance of the metal wire, resulting in increased power loss.
  • the present invention provides a submarine cable, which includes: a plurality of twisted core wires; the core wires include a first metal wire and a conductive layer covering the first metal wire; the conductivity of the conductive layer is greater than the specified The conductivity coefficient of the first metal wire.
  • the technical effect of the present invention is: by covering the first metal wire with a conductive layer and the conductivity of the conductive layer is greater than that of the first metal wire, when the submarine cable passes through an alternating current, the current concentrated on the surface of the first metal wire will Part of it is transferred to the conductive layer, so as to improve the flow capacity of the surface layer of the first metal wire, thereby reducing the AC resistance of the first metal wire, thereby reducing power loss.
  • Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the core wire of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a single-core submarine cable according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the three-core submarine cable of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an armor layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Submarine cable is a current-carrying device for power transmission on the seabed, which can be used for power supply of offshore drilling platforms, offshore islands, etc.
  • the submarine cable includes the submarine cable section, the landing cable section and the joint connecting the submarine cable section and the landing cable section. the part between.
  • a submarine cable includes a cable core, an armor layer and an outer sheath.
  • the cable core includes a plurality of twisted metal wires and a water-blocking medium filled in the twisted gap of the metal wires;
  • the armor layer is set to cover the cable core, and the outer sheath is set to cover the armor layer.
  • the metal wire of the cable core will have a skin effect, which will increase the resistance of the metal wire, resulting in increased power loss.
  • the skin effect means that when the submarine cable passes through the alternating current, the current distribution inside the metal wire of the cable core is uneven, and the current is concentrated on the "skin" part of the metal wire, that is to say, the current is concentrated on the thin layer of the metal wire. Closer to the surface of the wire, the greater the current density, the actual current inside the wire is smaller, which increases the resistance of the wire and increases the power loss. For this reason, the inventors of the present disclosure thought of adopting the following solutions: first, the metal wire is divided into several independent parts insulated from each other, so as to increase the equivalent surface area of the metal wire, thereby reducing the skin effect, but the resistance is reduced no significant effect.
  • the second method is to divide the metal wire into several fan-shaped blocks of equal area, and install cable insulating paper between two adjacent fan-shaped blocks for isolation.
  • this method cannot meet the requirements of submarine cables for longitudinal water blocking.
  • the third is that the metal wire uses a metal with a high conductivity, such as a metal wire made of silver, but the high cost of silver makes the submarine cable less competitive.
  • the present disclosure coats a conductive layer with a higher conductivity on the metal wire, thereby reducing the resistance of the surface layer. Therefore, even if the core wire still has a skin effect, the power loss can be reduced.
  • the submarine cable provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the core wire of this embodiment.
  • the present embodiment provides a submarine cable, including a plurality of twisted core wires 10; the core wire 10 includes a first metal wire 11 and a conductive layer 12 covering the first metal wire 11; The conductivity of the layer 12 is greater than the conductivity of the first wire 11 .
  • Multiple core wires 10 twisted together can increase the effective carrying capacity of the submarine cable.
  • the surface layer of the core wire 10 is the first metal wire 11 and the conductive layer 12.
  • the conductive layer 12 The current density is greater than the current density of the surface layer of the first metal wire 11, thereby reducing the resistance of the first metal wire 11 and reducing the power loss of the first metal wire 11.
  • the conductive layer 12 can be coated on the first metal wire 11 by electroplating.
  • the core wire 10 included in this embodiment may be a single-core submarine cable or a three-core submarine cable.
  • the material of the first metal wire 11 is copper or aluminum; the conductive layer 12 is a silver-plated layer.
  • the material of the first metal wire 11 can be other metals besides the above-mentioned copper or aluminum, for example, the material of the first metal wire 11 is silver, and correspondingly, the material of the conductive layer 12 is A material with a conductivity greater than silver.
  • the silver-plated layer can be disposed on the first metal wire 11 by the above-mentioned electroplating method.
  • the diameter of the first metal wire 11 is 2mm-5mm; the thickness of the conductive layer 12 is 0.01mm-0.003mm. With the conductive layer 12 within the above-mentioned value range, the conductive layer 12 will not fall off during the tight twisting process of the core wire 10 .
  • a water-blocking medium 13 filled in the stranding gaps of the stranding core wires 10 is also included.
  • the setting of the water-blocking medium 13 makes the submarine cable have longitudinal water-blocking performance.
  • the water-blocking medium 13 is at least one of water-blocking tape, water-blocking yarn, water-blocking glue, or water-blocking powder, so that the submarine cable can achieve the effect of water-blocking in the longitudinal direction, and reduce the core when the outer layer of the submarine cable is damaged. The possibility of the line coming into contact with sea water.
  • Water blocking tape includes semiconducting resistance water tape and insulating water blocking tape.
  • the semi-conductive resistance hose is made of semi-conductive non-woven fabric and super absorbent resin.
  • Water-blocking yarn is a composite of polyester industrial filament and cross-linked polyacrylic expansion material.
  • the water-blocking powder can be a superabsorbent resin.
  • the water blocking medium 13 can be a combination of water blocking tape and water blocking yarn or a combination of water blocking tape and water blocking glue, or even a combination of water blocking glue, water blocking tape and water blocking yarn.
  • the submarine cable includes a deep-water section for placing in deep water, and a shallow-water section for placing in shallow water, stranded core wires 10 for the deep-water section and the shallow-water section.
  • the gaps are filled with different water-blocking media 13, so that the longitudinal water-blocking performance of each segment of the submarine cable can meet the requirements while reducing the cost.
  • the area where the seawater depth is less than 500 meters is defined as a shallow water area, and the part where the submarine cable is located in this area is the shallow water section above; the area where the seawater depth is greater than 500 meters is defined as a deep water area, and the seabed cable The part where the cable is located in this area is the deep water section mentioned above.
  • the twisted gaps of the twisted core wires 10 in the deep water section are filled with water-blocking glue.
  • At least one of water-blocking tape, water-blocking yarn, or water-blocking powder is filled in the twisting gap of the twisted core wire 10 in the shallow water section.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a single-core submarine cable of this embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a three-core submarine cable of this embodiment.
  • the submarine cable also includes a conductor shielding layer 21 wrapped outside the stranded core wire 10, an insulating layer 22 covering the conductor shielding layer 21, an insulating shielding layer 23 covering the insulating layer 22,
  • the longitudinal water-blocking layer 24 covering the insulating shielding layer 23, the metal shielding layer 25 covering the longitudinal water-blocking layer 24, the non-metallic sheath layer 26 covering the metal shielding layer 25, the optical fiber covering the non-metallic sheathing layer 26
  • the cell filling layer 27 and the inner pad layer 28 covering the optical cell filling layer 27 .
  • the conductor shielding layer 21, the insulating layer 22, the insulating shielding layer 23, the longitudinal water blocking layer 24, the metal shielding layer 25, the non-metallic sheath layer 26, the optical unit filling layer 27 and the inner cushion layer 28 are along the core wire
  • the radial direction of 10 is arranged sequentially from inside to outside.
  • conductor shielding layer 21, insulating layer 22, insulating shielding layer 23, longitudinal water blocking layer 24, metal shielding layer 25, non-metallic sheath layer 26, optical unit filling layer 27 and inner cushion layer 28 are tubular structures.
  • the material of the conductor shielding layer 21 is semiconductive polyethylene or semiconductive polypropylene, and the semiconductive polyethylene material or semiconductive polypropylene material is wrapped outside the core wire 10 by extrusion; or, the conductor shielding layer
  • the material of 21 is a combination of a water blocking tape and a semiconductive polyethylene material or a combination of a water blocking tape and a semiconductive polypropylene material, and the water blocking tape is wrapped around the stranded core wire 10 .
  • the insulating layer 22 is made of cross-linked polyethylene or polypropylene, and the cross-linked polyethylene or polypropylene is coated on the outside of the conductor shielding layer 21 by extrusion.
  • the insulating shielding layer 23 is made of semiconducting polyethylene or semiconducting polypropylene, and the insulating shielding layer 23 is wrapped on the insulating layer 22 by extrusion.
  • the material of the vertical water blocking layer 24 is a semi-conductive resistance water tape, and the vertical water blocking layer 24 is wrapped around the insulating shielding layer 23 by wrapping.
  • the material of the metal shielding layer 25 is aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is wrapped outside the longitudinal water-blocking layer 24 by extrusion; or, the metal shielding layer 25 is a combination of copper tape or copper wire and copper tape, and the copper tape is wrapped by wrapping Coated on the outside of the longitudinal water blocking layer 24 in a manner, and the copper wire is wound on the outside of the vertical water blocking layer 24.
  • the material of the non-metallic sheath layer 26 is semiconductive polyethylene, insulating polyethylene, and it can also be the combination of aluminum-plastic composite tape and insulating polyethylene or the combination of copper-plastic composite tape and insulating polyethylene.
  • the jacket layer 26 is extruded and wrapped outside the metal shielding layer 25 .
  • the insulating polyethylene has a tubular structure and can be wrapped around the metal shielding layer 25 by extrusion.
  • the light unit filling layer 27 is made of ring-shaped polyethylene strips.
  • the inner cushion layer 28 is a polypropylene PP rope wrapped around the optical unit filling layer 27 .
  • the diameter of the optical unit filling layer 27 is the same or similar to the diameter of the optical unit 41 , for example, the diameter of the optical unit filling layer 27 is 2 mm smaller than the diameter of the optical unit 41 .
  • an armor layer 30 covering the inner cushion layer 28 is also included, and the armor layers located in the shallow water section and the deep water section are all twisted by a plurality of armored wires 31, and the deep water
  • the armor layer 30 of the section uses a larger number of armor wires 31 than the armor layer 30 of the shallow water section.
  • the mechanical performance requirements of the submarine cable are determined according to the water depth used for laying the submarine cable, so as to determine the number of armored metal wires 31 used in the deep water section and the shallow water section.
  • the number of armor wires 31 in the armor layer 30 at different seawater depths can be calculated according to the following manner.
  • both the deep water section and the shallow water section can be composed of areas with different water depths, so the submarine cable in the deep water section and the shallow water section can be composed of several cable sections, and each section has different numbers of armor Dress wire 31.
  • the buoyancy coefficient of the submarine cable is determined according to the amount of seawater that can enter the interior of the submarine cable. For example, when the submarine cable is a single-core submarine cable, the value of b ranges from 0.86 to 0.9. When the submarine cable is a three-core submarine cable, the value of b ranges from 0.83 to 0.88. When the submarine cable is not flooded, whether it is a single-core submarine cable or a three-core submarine cable, the value of b is 1
  • the following calculation formula can be used to calculate the number of armored wires 31 according to the tension:
  • P is the tensile strength of the armored wire 31, the unit is kN/mm 2 ; d is the diameter of the armored wire 31, the unit is mm; NC is the safety margin of the armored wire 31; n is the armored wire 31 The number of wires 31.
  • the number of armored metal wires 31 required in each area can be calculated, so that not only the tensile strength of the armored layer 30 in each area of the submarine cable can be satisfied
  • the strength not only satisfies the mechanical performance requirements of laying depths in various regions, but also enables the submarine cable armor layer 30 to use the minimum number of metal wires, reducing the cost and weight of the submarine cable.
  • the specification of the submarine cable is 220kV 3 ⁇ 500mm2
  • the weight in the air is about 106kg/m
  • the outer diameter is about 245mm
  • the armored wire 31 is galvanized low-carbon steel wire with a nominal diameter of 6mm .
  • the existing close-wound armor layer is used, about 112 galvanized low-carbon steel wires are required.
  • the tensile strength of the steel wire is about 340N/mm2
  • the safety factor NC is assumed to be 0.25
  • the maximum allowable drag force of the submarine cable is about 300kN, and it can be back-calculated that the submarine cable can meet the maximum laying water depth of 357 meters.
  • the material of the armored wire 31 in the deep water section and the material of the armored wire 31 in the shallow water section can be the same, or the material of the armored wire 31 in the deep water section can be the same as that of the armored wire 31 in the shallow water section.
  • the material of the wire 31 can be different.
  • the number of armored wires 31 in the deep water section is greater than the number of armored wires 31 in the shallow water section, so the number of armored wires 31 used in the armor layer 30 of the deep water section includes the number of armored wires 31 used in the deep water section A part and the second part, the number of the first part is the same as the number of the armored wire 31 described in the armor layer 30 of the shallow water section and the deep water section and the shallow water section share the armored wire 31 of this part, the second part The ends of the armor wires 31 are welded to the armor wires 31 of the first section.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the armor layer of this embodiment.
  • the quantity of the armored wire 31 is determined according to the seawater depth of the position of the submarine cable, the quantity of the armored wire 31 used will be relatively small, so that two adjacent armored wires There will be gaps between the metal wires 31 , in other words, the multiple armored metal wires 31 of the armor layer are loosely coated on the outside of the inner cushion layer 28 .
  • the submarine cable also includes a sheath 32 .
  • the sheath 32 is extruded outside the armor layer 30 and partially embedded in the gap between two adjacent armor wires 31 .
  • the sheath 32 can make no gap between the armored wires 31 , thereby compressing the armored wires 31 .
  • the sheath 32 can improve the water resistance and anti-corrosion performance of the armor layer 30 .
  • the material of the sheath 32 is semi-conductive polyethylene and is wrapped on the armored wire 31 by extrusion.
  • the tension of the armored wires 31 can be increased, and the outer layer of the armored wires 31 Wrap the tape so that the armored wire 31 is tightly wound outside the inner pad 28, and then remove the wrap tape before entering the extruder head.
  • the material of the sheath 32 is fully fused with the armored wire 31 , thereby better filling the gaps of the armored wire 31 .
  • the thickness of the sheath 32 is greater than the diameter of the armored wire 31 . Considering material cost economy, the thickness of the sheath 32 is preferably 1 mm to 2 mm greater than the diameter of the armored wire 31 .
  • an optical unit 41 and an outer coating layer 29 provided to cover the armor layer 30 are further included.
  • the outer covering layer 29 is a polypropylene PP rope wrapped around the armor layer 30 .
  • the optical unit 41 is embedded in the optical unit filling layer 27 .
  • the optical unit 41 is arranged in the gap between the three power cable cores.
  • the optical unit 41 includes an optical core and a protective sleeve covering the optical core.
  • the optical core includes optical fiber, loose tube and water-blocking fiber paste, and the optical core is extruded with polyethylene sheath and/or wrapped with wire armor.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种海底电缆，涉及电缆技术领域。其中，海底电缆包括多根绞合在一起的芯线；芯线包括第一金属丝和包覆第一金属丝的导电层；导电层的导电系数大于第一金属丝的导电系数。通过上述设置，海底电缆通交流电时，集中在第一金属丝表层部位的电流会部分传递至导电层中，从而提高第一金属丝表层部位的通流能力，从而降低第一金属丝的交流电阻，进而降低电能损耗。

Description

海底电缆
本申请要求于2021年09月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111076138.6、申请名称为“海底电缆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆技术，尤其涉及一种海底电缆。
背景技术
海底电缆是在海底进行电力传输的载流设备，可用于海上钻井平台、海上岛屿等的供电。通常海底电缆包括海底电缆段、登陆电缆段以及连接海底电缆段与登陆电缆段的接头，海底电缆段是指海底电缆位于深水段的部分，登陆电缆段是指海底电缆位于近岸浅水与海滩接头之间的部分。
在相关技术中，海底电缆包括缆芯、铠装层和外护套。其中，缆芯包括多根绞合在一起的金属丝以及填充在金属丝绞合间隙内的阻水介质；铠装层包覆缆芯设置，外护套包覆铠装层设置。
然而，海底电缆在通交流电时，缆芯的金属丝会出现集肤效应，使得金属丝的电阻增加，导致电能损耗增大。
发明内容
本发明提供海底电缆，其包括：多根绞合在一起的芯线；所述芯线包括第一金属丝和包覆所述第一金属丝的导电层；所述导电层的导电系数大于所述第一金属丝的导电系数。
本发明的技术效果是：通过在第一金属丝上包覆导电层并且导电层的导电系数大于第一金属丝的导电系数，海底电缆通交流电时，集中在第一金属丝表层部位的电流会部分传递至导电层中，从而提高第一金属丝表层部位的通流能力，从而降低第一金属丝的交流电阻，进而降低电能损耗。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的芯线的剖视图；
图2为本发明实施例的单芯海底电缆的剖视图；
图3为本发明实施例的三芯海底电缆的剖视图；
图4为本发明实施例的铠装层的剖视图。
附图中：
11-第一金属丝；
12-导电层；
13-阻水介质；
21-导体屏蔽层；
22-绝缘层；
23-绝缘屏蔽层；
24-纵向阻水层；
25-金属屏蔽层；
26-非金属护套层；
27-光单元填充层；
28-内垫层；
29-外被层；
30-铠装层；
31-铠装金属丝；
32-护套；
41-光单元。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明，应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，本发明不局限于下述的具体实施方式。
海底电缆是在海底进行电力传输的载流设备，可用于海上钻井平台、海上岛屿等的供电。通常海底电缆包括海底电缆段、登陆电缆段以及连接海底电缆段与登陆电缆段的接头，海底电缆段是指海底电缆位于深水段的 部分，登陆电缆段是指海底电缆位于近岸浅水与海滩接头之间的部分。
在相关技术中，海底电缆包括缆芯、铠装层和外护套。其中，缆芯包括多根绞合在一起的金属丝以及填充在金属丝绞合间隙内的阻水介质；铠装层包覆缆芯设置，外护套包覆铠装层设置。
然而，海底电缆在通交流电时，缆芯的金属丝会出现集肤效应，使得金属丝的电阻增加，导致电能损耗增大。
集肤效应指的是在海底电缆通交流电时，缆芯的金属丝内部的电流分布不均匀，电流集中在金属丝的“皮肤”部分，也就是说电流集中在金属丝外表的薄层，越靠近金属丝表面，电流密度越大，金属丝内部实际上电流较小，使得金属丝的电阻增加，从而电能损耗增大。为此，本公开的发明人想过采用以下方式解决：第一种，将金属丝分割成若干个互相绝缘的独立部分，以增加金属丝的等效表面积，从而降低集肤效应，但是电阻降低效果不明显。第二种，将金属丝分成等面积的若干个扇形块，相邻两块扇形块之间设置电缆绝缘纸进行隔离，然而这种方式无法满足海底电缆对纵向阻水的要求。第三种，金属丝采用导电系数较大的金属，例如由银制成的金属丝，但银的成本高昂，使得海底电缆的竞争力不大。
有鉴于此，本公开在金属丝上包覆一层导电系数更大的导电层，从而降低了表层的电阻，因此，即使芯线依然有集肤效应，也可减小电能损耗。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明提供的海底电缆进行详细说明。
图1为本实施例的芯线的剖视图。
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种海底电缆，包括多根绞合在一起的芯线10；芯线10包括第一金属丝11和包覆第一金属丝11的导电层12；导电层12的导电系数大于第一金属丝11的导电系数。
多根绞合在一起的芯线10，可以提高海底电缆的有效载流量。
海底电缆通交流电时，芯线10的表层为第一金属丝11和导电层12，在出现集肤效应时，由于导电层12的导电系数大于第一金属丝11的导电系数，导电层12中的电流密度大于第一金属丝11表层的电流密度，从而降低第一金属丝11的电阻，降低第一金属丝11的电能损耗。
导电层12可以采用电镀法包覆在第一金属丝11上。
需要说明的是，包含本实施例的芯线10可以单芯海底电缆或者三芯海底电缆。
在一种可选地的实施方式中，第一金属丝11的材料为铜或铝；导电层12为镀银层。通过上述设置，可以改善集肤效应并降低海底电缆的制造成本。
需要说明的是，第一金属丝11的材料除了上述的铜或铝外，还可以是其他金属，例如，第一金属丝11的材料为银，相对应地，导电层12的材料为导电系数大于银的导电系数的材料。
镀银层可以采用上述的电镀法设置在第一金属丝11上。
在一种可选地的实施方式中，第一金属丝11的直径为2mm～5mm；导电层12的厚度为0.01mm～0.003mm。采用上述取值范围内的导电层12，在芯线10紧压绞制过程中导电层12不会脱落。
如图1所示，在一种可选地的实施方式中，还包括填充在绞合芯线10的绞合间隙内的阻水介质13。阻水介质13的设置，使得海底电缆具有纵向阻水性能。
可选地，阻水介质13为阻水带、阻水纱、阻水胶或者阻水粉中的至少一种，以便海底电缆在纵向上能够实现阻水的作用，降低海底电缆外层破损时芯线接触到海水的可能。
阻水带包括半导电阻水带和绝缘阻水带。例如，半导电阻水带由半导电无纺布和高吸水性树脂复合而成的。
阻水纱是一种主要采用涤纶工业长丝与交联聚丙烯酸类膨胀材料复合而成。
阻水粉可以是高吸水性树脂。
需要指出的是，阻水介质13可以是阻水带和阻水纱的组合或阻水带和阻水胶的组合，甚至于，阻水胶、阻水带和阻水纱的组合。
由于海底地形的起伏，不同位置的海底电缆具有不同的深度。因此，在本公开中，沿芯线10的长度方向，海底电缆包括用于放置在深水的深水段，以及用于放置在浅水的浅水段，深水段和浅水段的绞合芯线10的绞合间隙内填充有不同的阻水介质13，从而使得海底电缆各段的纵向阻水性能满足要求的同时还能降低成本。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，海水深度小于500米的区域定义为浅水区，海底电缆位于该区域的部分为上文中的浅水段；海水深度大于500米的区域定义为深水区，海底电缆位于该区域的部分为上文中的深水段。
示意性地，深水段的绞合芯线10的绞合间隙内填充有阻水胶。浅水段的绞合芯线10的绞合间隙内填充有阻水带、阻水纱或者阻水粉中的至少一种。
图2为本实施例的单芯海底电缆的剖视图；图3为本实施例的三芯海底电缆的剖视图。
如图2和图3所示，海底电缆还包括包覆在绞合芯线10外的导体屏蔽层21、包覆导体屏蔽层21的绝缘层22、包覆绝缘层22的绝缘屏蔽层23、包覆绝缘屏蔽层23的纵向阻水层24、包覆纵向阻水层24的金属屏蔽层25、包覆金属屏蔽层25的非金属护套层26、包覆非金属护套层26的光单元填充层27以及包覆光单元填充层27的内垫层28。
需要说明的是，导体屏蔽层21、绝缘层22、绝缘屏蔽层23、纵向阻水层24、金属屏蔽层25、非金属护套层26、光单元填充层27以及内垫层28沿芯线10的径向方向依次从内到外设置。
如图2和图3所示，导体屏蔽层21、绝缘层22、绝缘屏蔽层23、纵向阻水层24、金属屏蔽层25、非金属护套层26、光单元填充层27以及内垫层28均为管状结构。
示意性地，导体屏蔽层21的材料为半导电聚乙烯或半导电聚丙烯，半导电聚乙烯材料或半导电聚丙烯材料通过挤包的方式包覆在芯线10外；或者，导体屏蔽层21的材料为阻水带和半导电聚乙烯材料的组合或阻水带和半导电聚丙烯材料的组合，阻水带绕包在绞合芯线10外。
绝缘层22的材料为交联聚乙烯或聚丙烯，交联聚乙烯或聚丙烯通过挤包的方式包覆在导体屏蔽层21外。
绝缘屏蔽层23的材料为半导电聚乙烯或半导电聚丙烯，绝缘屏蔽层23通过挤包的方式包覆在绝缘层22外。
纵向阻水层24的材料为半导电阻水带，纵向阻水层24通过绕包的方式包覆在绝缘屏蔽层23外。
金属屏蔽层25的材料为铝合金，铝合金通过挤包的方式包覆在纵向 阻水层24外；或者，金属屏蔽层25为铜带或铜丝和铜带的组合，铜带通过绕包的方式包覆在纵向阻水层24外，铜丝缠绕在纵向阻水层24外。
非金属护套层26的材料为半导电聚乙烯、绝缘型聚乙烯，其也可以是铝塑复合带和绝缘型聚乙烯的组合或铜塑复合带和绝缘型聚乙烯的组合，非金属护套层26挤包在金属屏蔽层25外。
需要说明的是，绝缘型聚乙烯为管状结构，可以通过挤包的方式包覆在金属屏蔽层25外。
光单元填充层27的材料为环形的聚乙烯条。
内垫层28为缠绕光单元填充层27的聚丙烯PP绳。
需要说明的是，光单元填充层27的直径与光单元41的直径相同或者相近，例如，光单元填充层27的直径比光单元41的直径小2mm。
如图2所示，可选地，还包括包饶内垫层28的铠装层30，并且位于浅水段和深水段的铠装层均由多根铠装金属丝31绞合而成，深水段的铠装层30使用的铠装金属丝31的数量大于浅水段的铠装层30使用的铠装金属丝31的数量。通过上述设置，可以减少铠装金属丝31的数量，从而降低铠装层30的重量，以便降低海底电缆的重量，并且还降低了铠装金属丝31的材料成本以及铠装层30生产过程中的金属丝换盘工时。
需要说明的是，根据海底电缆敷设应用水深确定海底电缆的机械性能要求，从而确定深水段和浅水段使用的铠装金属丝31的数量。在设计时，可以根据下面的方式来计算位于不同海水深度处的铠装层30中铠装金属丝31的数量。
还需要指出的是，深水段和浅水段均可以由不同水深的区域组成，故在深水段和浅水段中的海底电缆可以由几段电缆段构成，并且每段电缆段具有不同根数的铠装金属丝31。
S101.确定海底电缆所需张力。
具体的，确定海底电缆的所需张力可以采用如下计算公式：
当L≤500时：
Figure PCTCN2021128802-appb-000001
当L＞500时：
Figure PCTCN2021128802-appb-000002
其中，L为海底电缆实际敷设运行水深为，单位为m；M为海底电缆在空气中的重量，单位为kg/m；D为海底电缆直径，单位为m；F为海底电缆所需张力，单位为kN；ρ为海底电缆实际敷设水域海水密度，单位为kg/m3；K为海底电缆动态影响张力；b为海底电缆浮力系数。
需要说明的是，海底电缆浮力系数根据海水能够进入海底电缆内部的量而定的。例如，当海底电缆为单芯海底电缆时，b的取值范围为0.86～0.9。当海底电缆为三芯海底电缆时，b的取值范围为0.83～0.88。当海底电缆未进水时，无论是单芯海底电缆还是三芯海底电缆，b的取值均为1
S102.根据张力计算铠装金属丝的数量。
具体的，根据张力计算铠装金属丝31的数量可以采用如下计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2021128802-appb-000003
其中，P为铠装金属丝31的抗拉强度，单位为kN/mm 2；d为铠装金属丝31的直径，单位为mm；NC为铠装金属丝31安全裕度；n为铠装金属丝31的根数。
当单根海底电缆敷设路线包括不同水深时，根据以上计算方法，可计算出每个区域需要的铠装金属丝31的数量，这样，不仅能够满足海底电缆各区域的铠装层30的抗拉强度，既满足各区域敷设水深机械性能要求，又使海底电缆铠装层30使用最少数量的金属丝，降低海底电缆成本和海底电缆重量。
在一个具体的示例中，假设海底电缆规格为220kV 3×500mm2，在空气中的重量约为106kg/m，外径约为245mm，铠装金属丝31为标称直径6mm的镀锌低碳钢丝。如果使用现有的密绕式的铠装层，则需要镀锌低碳钢丝大约112根。由于钢丝抗拉强度约为340N/mm2，安全系数NC假设为0.25，则该海底电缆的最大允许拖拽力约为300kN，可反算出该海底电缆可满足最大敷设水深357米。
同样220kV 3×500mm2海底电缆铠装型式采用上文中差别化的铠装结构时，海底电缆实际敷设水深为深水段L1＝100m，浅水段L2＝50m。假设100米水深时铠装钢丝根数n1＝112×100/357＝31根，此时海底电缆重量M＝92kg/m，外径246mm，又由于本实施例的铠装层30上包覆有护套32， 因此b的取值为1，根据公式(1)计算得海底电缆所需张力F＝56.7kN。
再根据公式(3)可以计算得出海底电缆钢丝根数n′ 1≈22根，则n′ 1＜n1，取n2＝30，再次依据以上计算步骤进行迭代计算直至n′ i＝ni。
通过以上计算方式，可以计算得出采用差异化的铠装结构时，如果深水段L1＝100m，该位置的铠装层30的铠装金属丝31的根数为21根，海底电缆重量为90.3kg/m；如果浅水段L2＝50m，则该位置的铠装层30的铠装金属丝31的根数为10根，海底电缆重量为88.1kg/m。
需要说明的是，深水段的铠装金属丝31的材料和浅水段内的铠装金属丝31的材料可以相同，或者，深水段内的铠装金属丝31的材料和浅水段内的铠装金属丝31的材料可以不相同。
还需要指出的是，深水段内的铠装金属丝31的数量大于浅水段内的铠装金属丝31的数量，故深水段的铠装层30所使用的铠装金属丝31的数量包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分的数量与浅水段的铠装层30所述用的铠装金属丝31的数量相同并且深水段和浅水段共用该部分的铠装金属丝31，第二部分的铠装金属丝31的末端与第一部分的铠装金属丝31焊接。
图4为本实施例的铠装层的剖视图。
如图4所示，由于铠装金属丝31的数量是根据海底电缆所处位置的海水深度来确定的，从而使用的铠装金属丝31的数量会比较少，这样在相邻两根铠装金属丝31之间就会有间隙，换句话说，铠装层的多根铠装金属丝31疏松的包覆在内垫层28外。
继续参照图4，海底电缆还包括护套32。其中，护套32挤包在铠装层30外并且部分嵌入相邻两根铠装金属丝31间隙内。护套32能够使得铠装金属丝31之间无间隙，以此压紧铠装金属丝31。同时，护套32可以提高铠装层30的阻水性能和防腐性能。
护套32的材料为半导电聚乙烯并采用挤包的方式包覆在铠装金属丝31上。
为了避免疏松设置的多根铠装金属丝31在挤包护套32时出现起拱现象，在铠装过程中，可以通过加大铠装金属丝31的张力，并在铠装金属 丝31外面缠绕包带，使铠装金属丝31紧紧缠绕在内垫层28外，然后在进入挤塑机机头前将缠绕包带去除的方式解决。通过这种方式加工制得的海底电缆，其护套32的材料与铠装金属丝31充分融合，从而较好的填充了铠装金属丝31的间隙。需要指出的是，护套32厚度大于铠装金属丝31直径，考虑材料成本经济性，护套32的厚度大于铠装金属丝31的直径1mm～2mm为宜。
如图2和图3所示，在一种可选地的实施方式中，还包括光单元41和包覆铠装层30设置的外被层29。
示意性地，外被层29为缠绕铠装层30的聚丙烯PP绳。
需要说明的是，当海底电缆为单芯海底电缆时，光单元41嵌在光单元填充层27内。当海底电缆为三芯海底电缆时，光单元41设置在三根电力缆芯的间隙内。
光单元41包括光芯和包覆光芯的保护套。其中，光芯包括光纤、松套管和阻水纤膏，光芯外挤包聚乙烯护套和/或缠绕金属丝铠装。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种海底电缆，其特征在于，包括多根绞合在一起的芯线；
    所述芯线包括第一金属丝和包覆所述第一金属丝的导电层；
    所述导电层的导电系数大于所述第一金属丝的导电系数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，所述第一金属丝的材料为铜或铝；
    所述导电层为镀银层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，所述第一金属丝的直径为2mm～5mm；
    所述导电层的厚度为0.01mm～0.003mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，还包括填充在绞合芯线的绞合间隙内的阻水介质。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，所述阻水介质为阻水带、阻水纱、阻水胶或者阻水粉中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，沿所述芯线的长度方向，所述海底电缆包括用于放置在深水的深水段，以及用于放置在浅水的浅水段，所述深水段和浅水段的绞合芯线的绞合间隙内填充有不同的阻水介质。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，所述深水段的绞合间隙内填充阻水胶，所述浅水段的绞合间隙内填充阻水带、阻水纱或者阻水粉中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，还包括包覆在绞合芯线外的导体屏蔽层、包覆所述导体屏蔽层的绝缘层、包覆所述绝缘层的绝缘屏蔽层、包覆所述绝缘屏蔽层的纵向阻水层、包覆所述纵向阻水层的金属屏蔽层、包覆所述金属屏蔽层的非金属护套层、包覆所述非金属护套层的光单元填充层以及包覆所述光单元填充层的内垫层。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，所述导体屏蔽层的材料为半导电聚乙烯或半导电聚丙烯，所述半导电聚乙烯或半导电聚丙烯挤包在所述绞合芯线外；或者，所述导体屏蔽层的材料为阻水带和半导电聚乙烯的组合或阻水带和半导电聚丙烯的组合，所述阻水带绕包在所述绞 合芯线外；
    所述绝缘层的材料为交联聚乙烯或聚丙烯，所述交联聚乙烯或聚丙烯挤包在所述导体屏蔽层外；
    所述绝缘屏蔽层的材料为半导电聚乙烯或半导电聚丙烯，所述绝缘屏蔽层挤包在所述绝缘层外；
    所述纵向阻水层的材料为半导电阻水带，所述纵向阻水层绕包在所述绝缘屏蔽层外；
    所述金属屏蔽层的材料为铝合金，所述铝合金挤包在所述纵向阻水层外；或者，所述金属屏蔽层的材料为铜带或铜丝和铜带的组合，所述铜带绕包在所述纵向阻水层外，所述铜丝缠绕在所述纵向阻水层外；
    所述非金属护套层的材料为半导电聚乙烯、绝缘型聚乙烯、铝塑复合带和绝缘型聚乙烯的组合或铜塑复合带和绝缘型聚乙烯的组合，所述非金属护套层挤包在所述金属屏蔽层外；
    所述光单元填充层的材料为环形的聚乙烯条；
    所述内垫层为缠绕所述光单元填充层的聚丙烯PP绳。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，还包括包饶所述内垫层的铠装层；
    所述海底电缆包括用于放置在深水的深水段，以及用于放置在浅水的浅水段，所述浅水段和深水段均由多根铠装金属丝绞合而成，所述深水段的铠装层使用的铠装金属丝的数量大于所述浅水段的铠装层使用的铠装金属丝的数量。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的海底电缆，其特征在于，还包括护套；
    所述护套挤包在所述铠装层外并且部分嵌入相邻两根铠装金属丝间隙内。
PCT/CN2021/128802 2021-09-14 2021-11-04 海底电缆 Ceased WO2023040020A1 (zh)

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