WO2023040860A1 - 一种摄像机结构及其装配方法 - Google Patents

一种摄像机结构及其装配方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023040860A1
WO2023040860A1 PCT/CN2022/118588 CN2022118588W WO2023040860A1 WO 2023040860 A1 WO2023040860 A1 WO 2023040860A1 CN 2022118588 W CN2022118588 W CN 2022118588W WO 2023040860 A1 WO2023040860 A1 WO 2023040860A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
shell
camera
moisture
circuit board
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/118588
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付兵凯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Yuxing Electronics Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shanghai Yuxing Electronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202111080075.1A external-priority patent/CN113840069B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202122231739.1U external-priority patent/CN215581422U/zh
Application filed by Shanghai Yuxing Electronics Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Yuxing Electronics Technology Co Ltd
Priority to JP2024515146A priority Critical patent/JP2024533337A/ja
Priority to EP22869229.9A priority patent/EP4404577A4/en
Priority to US18/690,290 priority patent/US20250133278A1/en
Priority to KR1020247009861A priority patent/KR20240047462A/ko
Publication of WO2023040860A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040860A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/02—Bodies
    • G03B17/08—Waterproof bodies or housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/51—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/52—Elements optimising image sensor operation, e.g. for electromagnetic interference [EMI] protection or temperature control by heat transfer or cooling elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cameras, in particular to a camera structure and an assembly method thereof.
  • the camera needs to have the characteristics of heat dissipation, balanced air pressure, dustproof, waterproof and anti-fog.
  • the air pressure is unbalanced, flying dust, moisture, etc. are inhaled, not only will the image quality be blurred, but even It may cause a short circuit, burn out components, etc.
  • some improvements have been proposed, but the single-chamber structure is the main one.
  • the lens assembly is arranged in one of the chambers, and the chamber is provided with multiple airflow channels and multiple air chambers.
  • the lens assembly is difficult to install, inconvenient to disassemble, and is not conducive to reducing the size of the camera.
  • the present invention provides a camera structure and its assembly method.
  • the assembled camera housing is easy to install and position, easy to disassemble and replace components, and has a large heat dissipation surface area, ensuring the safety and reliability of the camera. higher.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a camera structure, the camera structure includes a front shell, a middle shell, and a rear shell, and the three are sequentially connected;
  • a first chamber is formed between the front case and the middle case, a second chamber is formed between the middle case and the rear case, the circuit board of the camera is installed in the first chamber, the The second chamber communicates directly or indirectly with the outside of the camera, and the first chamber communicates with the second chamber through a moisture-proof structure.
  • the middle part of the front case protrudes toward a first direction
  • the first direction is a direction away from the middle case
  • the middle case has a partition
  • the middle part of the partition and the rear case The middle portions all protrude toward a second direction, which is opposite to the first direction.
  • the circuit board includes a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board is mounted on the front case, the second circuit board is mounted on the middle case, and the first circuit board The board and the second circuit board are respectively located at two ends of the first chamber.
  • the middle shell has an installation hole for a moisture-proof structure
  • the moisture-proof structure includes a first cylindrical cylinder, one end of which is open and the other end is closed, and a first gas circulation cavity is formed inside, At least one vent hole is opened on the side wall of the first cylindrical cylinder close to the closed end, and each vent hole is covered with an elastic seal, and the elastic seal can be connected between the first gas circulation chamber and the The pressure difference between the second chambers opens when the pressure difference exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the elastic sealing member is a second cylindrical cylinder
  • the two ends of the second cylindrical cylinder are open, and it is sleeved on the outside of the closed end of the first cylindrical cylinder across the vent hole
  • the second cylindrical cylinder is The first ends of the two cylindrical cylinders are sealed and connected to the side walls of the first cylindrical cylinder, and the other ends are in close contact with the side walls of the first cylindrical cylinder to form a second gas circulation chamber.
  • the first end of the second cylindrical barrel is made of non-elastic material, and the second end is made of elastic material, or the thickness of the first end of the second cylindrical barrel is greater than the thickness of the second end, so that The first end is tightly fastened on the outside of the first cylindrical cylinder, and the second end can be opened under the action of the pressure difference between the first gas circulation chamber and the second chamber.
  • a breather valve is installed on the rear shell, a waterproof breathable film is arranged in the breather valve, and an air return valve is also arranged on the middle shell, and the air return valve is used to ventilate air from the second chamber.
  • the middle housing is provided with a connector near the second circuit board, one end of the connector is connected to the second circuit board, and the other end is connected to the wire harness of the camera.
  • the middle shell has a moisture-proof structure installation hole
  • the moisture-proof structure is press-fitted in the moisture-proof structure installation hole
  • the outer periphery of the moisture-proof structure has a sealing device for sealing the moisture-proof structure. The connection between the structure and the middle shell is sealed.
  • the present invention provides an assembly method of a camera structure, wherein the camera structure includes a front shell, a middle shell, and a rear shell; the camera has a circuit board, and a moisture-proof structure is installed in the middle shell hole; the assembly method of the camera structure includes:
  • the method also includes:
  • a breathable valve is installed on the rear shell, so that the rear shell can communicate with the outside of the camera, and a waterproof membrane is arranged in the breathable valve.
  • the circuit board includes a first circuit board and a second circuit board
  • the method further includes: fixing the lens of the camera on the front end of the front case, and then fixing the first circuit board on the In the front case, the second circuit board is fixed inside the middle case, so that when the front case and the middle case are fixed together, there is a gap between the first circuit board and the circuit board. with a predetermined distance.
  • the method further includes: passing the wire harness of the camera through the wire harness channel in the rear shell and fixing it on the rear shell; One end of the connector is connected; the other end of the connector passes through the middle shell and is connected with the second circuit board.
  • the step S1 includes pressing the moisture-resistance structure into the installation hole of the moisture-resistance structure through a press-in column first; then, taking out the press-in column, and putting The sealing device further presses the riveting post through the press-in post to press the moisture-proof structure into the installation hole of the moisture-proof structure.
  • this invention breaks through the single-chamber design concept of traditional cameras.
  • the first chamber and the second chamber are divided inside the camera through the cooperation of the front shell, the middle shell and the rear shell.
  • the important components and main heat dissipation components in the camera, such as circuit boards, etc. are fixedly installed in the first chamber, and a gas circulation channel is set between the first chamber and the second chamber, especially the moisture resistance with moisture resistance
  • a gas circulation channel the structure not only ensures the heat dissipation and balanced air pressure in the first chamber, but also realizes the waterproof, dustproof and waterproof vapor in the first chamber.
  • the present invention divides the circuit structure of the camera into two circuit boards, and fixes the first circuit board and the second circuit board respectively, which can reduce the total length and width of the circuit board, thereby reducing the size of the camera. volume of.
  • the circuit board is installed through the middle case that protrudes backward, so that the second circuit board is not attached to the middle case when it is installed on the middle case, not only does not affect the heat dissipation of the second circuit board, but also facilitates the use of flexible connectors to connect the wiring harness and the second circuit board, which is convenient for solving connection problems with different connectors.
  • the inner components of the camera can be easily replaced.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of camera structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connecting surface of the front shell, the middle shell and the rear shell in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein Fig. 2A is a schematic view of the connecting surface on the front shell 1 (right view of the front shell), and Fig. 2B is the connection on the left side of the middle shell Surface schematic diagram (left view of the middle shell), Fig. 2C is a schematic diagram of the right connecting surface of the middle shell (the right view of the middle shell), and Fig. 2D is a schematic diagram of the connecting surface of the rear shell (the left view of the rear shell);
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional split structure of a camera in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the position relation schematic diagram of two PCB boards in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the camera according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional split structure of a camera from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a camera structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the moisture resistance structure in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein Fig. 8A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the moisture resistance structure, Fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the moisture resistance structure, and Fig. 8C is a three-dimensional structure of the first columnar cylinder in the moisture resistance structure Schematic diagram, FIG. 8D is a perspective structural schematic diagram of the first columnar cylinder in the moisture resistance structure;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the process of pressing the moisture-proof structure into the middle shell in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of riveting disassembly of the moisture-proof structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the PCB II board, connector, and wiring harness in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the moisture-proof structure and the connector installed on the middle shell in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled camera structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • orientation or position relationship terms such as up, down, left, right, inside, outside, front end, rear end, head, and tail in this application document are established based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings. If the drawings are different, the corresponding positional relationship may also change accordingly, so this should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated Connection can also be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication, direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, internal communication between two components, or two components interaction relationship.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated Connection can also be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication, direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, internal communication between two components, or two components interaction relationship.
  • This embodiment records a method for assembling a camera structure, which is used for assembling a camera housing that is easy to install and locate, easy to disassemble and replace components, and has a large heat dissipation surface area.
  • the video camera in this embodiment includes three detachable parts: a front shell 1 , a middle shell 2 , and a rear shell 3 .
  • the front shell 1 , the middle shell 2 and the rear shell 3 are respectively hollow shells with a predetermined thickness, and the three are combined together to form an integral shell of the camera.
  • the middle part of the front case 1 protrudes outward toward the front, the middle parts of the middle case 2 and the rear case 3 both protrude toward the rear, and the rear protruding part of the middle case 2 protrudes into the rear case 3 .
  • the front shell 1, the middle shell 2, and the rear shell 3 are sequentially fixed together by fixing screws 5 to form a camera shell.
  • the middle case 2 has a transverse partition to divide the internal space of the camera into two chambers, that is, the first chamber 1.1 is formed between the front case 1 and the middle case 2, and the first chamber 1.1 is used to install circuit boards, lenses and other components ,
  • the second chamber 2.3 is formed between the middle shell 2 and the rear shell 3, the second chamber 2.3 is a buffer chamber for the contact of cold and hot air, which can better buffer the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the camera, and also expand the heat dissipation volume.
  • the circuit board of the camera is installed in the first chamber 1.1, the second chamber 2.3 communicates directly or indirectly with the outside of the camera, and the first chamber 1.1 communicates with the second chamber 2.3 through the moisture-proof structure 11.
  • sealing rings are respectively provided for sealing at corresponding joints.
  • circuit boards are all PCB boards, but those skilled in the art may use other types of circuit boards, which are not limited here.
  • a plurality of screw fixing holes 4 are evenly distributed on the front shell 1, the middle shell 2, and the rear shell 3, and the screw fixing holes 4 on the front shell 1, the middle shell 2, and the rear shell 3 are opposite to each other, and the screw fixing holes 4 can be all Through holes, the screw fixing holes 4 on the front shell 1 can also be non-through threaded screw holes, and the screw fixing holes 4 on the middle shell 2 and the rear shell 3 can be through holes.
  • the fixing screws 5 fix the front shell 1, the middle shell 2, and the rear shell 3 sequentially through the screw fixing holes 4.
  • the two sides of the middle shell 2 are respectively called the first connection surface (the opposite side of 2.2 in the figure) and the second connection surface 2.2.
  • the connection surface facing the front case 1 is defined as the first connection surface
  • the connection surface facing the rear case 3 is defined as the second connection surface 2.2 for example.
  • the center of the first connection surface is concave, as shown in Figure 5, it is concave towards the right side, and there is a stepped surface in the inner groove, which is used to install the circuit board.
  • the circuit board consists of PCBI board 6 and PCB II board 7, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the center of the second connection surface 2.2 protrudes outwards, thereby greatly ensuring that there is a predetermined distance between the PCBI board 6 and the PCBII board 7 after the front case 1 and the middle case 2 are connected, so as to meet the imaging processing module and other components. installation and cooling requirements.
  • the PCB I board 6 and the front shell 1 are positioned and fixed by the PCB board positioning structures 6.1 and 6.2.
  • the PCB board positioning structures 6.1 and 6.2 can adopt a plug-in combination structure including but not limited to positioning columns and positioning holes, such as the connection inside the front shell 1 A plurality of positioning holes are arranged on the surface, and the side of the PCB I board 6 has positioning posts matching the positioning holes, and the PCB I board 6 is plugged into the front shell 1 through the positioning posts, which is convenient for disassembly.
  • the PCB II board 7 is plugged into the stepped surface in the middle shell 2 through a corresponding positioning structure.
  • the PCB II board 7 is provided with holes or airflow channels to allow the gas flow between the two chambers through the moisture-proof structure.
  • the PCB II board 7 maintains a certain gap with the middle shell 2. This gap can prevent the PCB II board 7 from being hindered from being fixed by itself due to its connection with the wire harness 15, protect the components, prevent the wear and tear of the components, and help the passage of the connector 12 and storage, and at the same time ensure the heat dissipation of the PCB II board 7, and the PCB I board 6 and the PCB II board 7 are arranged in parallel.
  • the separate PCBI board 6 and PCBII board 7 can set different functional components separately, and while ensuring the same function of the camera, the length and width of the existing PCB board can be reduced, which is convenient for replacement and reduces the volume of the camera.
  • the PCBI board 6 and the PCBII board 7 are connected through a transmission module, which ensures the safety and stability of data transmission.
  • the transmission module can be FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), connectors, etc.
  • the middle part of the front end of the front case 1 has a hollow columnar structure, which is used as a lens channel through which the lens of the camera protrudes into the front case 1 .
  • An image sensor is arranged on the PCBI board 6 . The image sensor is used to receive the image captured by the lens.
  • the front shell 1 and the middle shell 2, the middle shell 2 and the rear shell 3 are respectively positioned through a plurality of shell positioning structures 8, that is, on the inner connection surface of the front shell 1, the two sides of the middle shell 2, and the rear shell 3.
  • the matching positioning structures in the housing positioning structure 8 are respectively provided on the inner connecting surface.
  • the positioning principle of the housing positioning structure 8 is the same as that of the PCB board positioning structures 6.1 and 6.2. Insert the positioning post on the connecting surface into the positioning hole on the connecting surface.
  • the middle shell 2 has a moisture-proof structure installation hole 9 and a connector channel 10 for respectively installing a moisture-proof structure 11 and a connector 12 .
  • the connector channel 10 is provided with a sealing structure, such as a rubber plug, to achieve a sealing effect, and the shape of the connector channel 10 can be set according to the shape of the connector 12 .
  • the moisture-proof structure 11 is installed on the middle case 2 through the second connecting surface 2.2 of the middle case 2 .
  • the moisture-proof structure 11 may adopt existing moisture-proof elements, or may adopt the moisture-proof structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the moisture-proof structure 11 in this embodiment is a stepped cylindrical nested structure, and the moisture-proof structure 11 includes: a first cylindrical cylinder 11.5, a second cylindrical cylinder 11.3, the first cylindrical cylinder One end (the left end in the figure) is open, the other end (the right end in the figure) is closed, and a first gas circulation cavity 11.1 is formed inside, and at least one vent hole 11.2 is opened on the side wall of the first cylindrical cylinder 11.5 near the closed end.
  • Both ends of the second columnar body 11.3 are open, and are sleeved on the outside of the closed end of the first cylindrical body 11.5 across the air hole 11.2.
  • One end (the left end in the figure) of the second cylindrical body 11.3 is connected
  • the side wall of the cylinder 11.5 is sealed and connected, and the other end (the right end in the figure) is in close contact with the side wall of the first cylindrical cylinder 11.5 to form a second gas circulation chamber 11.4.
  • the second cylindrical cylinder 11.3 is made of elastic material.
  • the part of the second cylindrical cylinder covering the air hole 11.2 is made of elastic material. material.
  • the moisture-proof structure of the present invention has two inner and outer gas circulation chambers with openings on one side.
  • the first gas circulation chamber 11.1 on the inner side is arranged in the center of the moisture-proof structure 11.
  • One end of the gas circulation chamber 11.1 is open and the other end is closed. Its open end faces the PCB II board 7 , and its closed end is set on the second connecting surface 2.2 of the middle shell 2 .
  • the moisture-proof structure 11 is symmetrically provided with ventilation holes 11.2 near the closed end.
  • the outside of the moisture-proof structure 11 is provided with a second cylindrical cylinder 11.3, which is used as a spoiler to change the direction of the airflow and narrow the gas circulation channel.
  • the outer surface of the first cylindrical cylinder 11.5 is provided with an annular groove. It is used to fasten the second cylindrical cylinder 11.3.
  • the first end (the left end in the figure) of the second cylindrical cylinder 11.3 has an annular protrusion matching the annular groove, which protrudes toward the inner side of the cylinder to extend into the annular groove on the outer surface of the first cylindrical cylinder 11.5 In order to realize the relative fixation between the two.
  • the thickness of the second end of the second columnar body 11.3 is smaller than that of the first end and covers the air hole 11.2 to form a second gas circulation chamber 11.4.
  • the left end of the second gas circulation chamber 11.4 is closed, and the second cylindrical cylinder 11.3 is made of elastic material, so that the right end of the second gas circulation chamber 11.4 can be expanded under pressure, and then opened, and the open end faces the second chamber 2.3, thus,
  • the first chamber 1.1 and the second chamber 2.3 are connected through the inner first gas circulation cavity 11.1, the vent hole 11.2 and the outer second gas circulation cavity 11.4 to form a gas circulation channel.
  • a gas return valve is also provided in the middle shell 2, and the gas return valve is an elastic valve body that is one-way open to the first chamber 1.1.
  • the air return valve is opened, and when the pressure difference between the second chamber 2.3 and the first chamber 1.1 is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the air return valve remains closed, and the air return valve can be installed on the middle shell, on the side of the moisture-proof structure department.
  • the high temperature generated when the camera works makes the air pressure of the first chamber 1.1 rise, and a pressure difference is formed between the first chamber 1.1 and the second chamber 2.3, and the gas encounters obstacles in the first gas circulation chamber 11.1 of the moisture-proof structure 11 Afterwards, the flow is split and flows out from the vent hole 11.2, and slowly flows to the second chamber 2.3 through the second gas circulation chamber 11.4 on the outside, gradually balancing the internal pressure of the first chamber 1.1 and the second chamber 2.3 to prevent damage to components .
  • the air pressure in the first chamber 1.1 decreases, and the gas in the second chamber 2.3 flows into the first chamber 1.1 through the air return valve until the pressures in the first chamber 1.1 and the second chamber 2.3 are balanced.
  • a waterproof breathable membrane is provided at the position of the vent hole 11.2 in the moisture-proof structure 11 or at the position before the vent hole 11.2 in the first gas circulation chamber 11.1 on the inner side to prevent water vapor in the second chamber 2.3, Water and dust enter the first chamber 1.1, so that the gas in the first chamber 1.1 can be discharged smoothly, and the gas in the second chamber 2.3 can also enter the first chamber 1.1 smoothly through the air return valve, which can Effectively balance the air pressure of the first chamber 1.1 and the second chamber 2.3, and at the same time be waterproof, waterproof and dustproof.
  • the connector 12 is installed in the middle shell 2 through the connector channel 10, and is used for connecting with the cable harness 15 of the camera.
  • the cable harness 15 may include both data connection lines and power supply connection lines. Connecting the circuit board to the data connection line through the connector 12 can ensure the stability of high-speed data transmission without attenuation.
  • the connector 12 can be a rigid connector, such as a coaxial connector or a FARKA ferrule coaxial connector, or a flexible connector, such as a flexible circuit board.
  • a wire harness channel 13 and a ventilation valve hole 14 are provided on the rear shell 3 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the wire harness 15 is connected to the connector 12 through the wire harness channel 13
  • the vent valve 16 is installed on the rear shell 3 through the vent valve hole 14 .
  • the breathable valve 16 is used to prevent water vapor, dust, and water from the external environment from entering the second chamber 2.3, and at the same time, the gas in the second chamber 2.3 can be discharged smoothly, and the gas from the outside can also smoothly enter the second chamber 2.3 , effectively balance the internal and external air pressure of the camera, and at the same time be waterproof, waterproof and dustproof.
  • a waterproof and breathable membrane can also be set on the rear shell 3, and the waterproof and breathable membrane is arranged in the breathable valve hole 14, and the inner side of the breathable valve 16 cooperates with the waterproof and breathable membrane in the moisture-proof structure 11 to effectively realize the first chamber.
  • the slow balance of pressure between the second chamber 2.3 and the external atmospheric environment of the camera protects components and can more effectively prevent water vapor, water and dust.
  • a plurality of cooling fins are evenly distributed on the outer side of the middle case 2 . More preferably, a plurality of cooling fins are evenly distributed on the outer sides of the front shell 1 , the middle shell 2 and the rear shell 3 for enlarging the heat dissipation surface area.
  • connection between the connector 12 and the wiring harness 15 and the connection between the transmission module and the PCB I board 6 and PCB II board 7 can be plug-in connections of female or male connectors or other quick connections to facilitate disassembly.
  • the plug-in connection is described below.
  • One end of the connector 2 has a female/male head, and the other end has a male/female head.
  • the end of the wire harness 15 has a male/female head that matches the connection end of the connector 12.
  • the middle shell 2 or the PCB II board 7 has female/male connectors.
  • Connector 12 , wiring harness 15 , and male/female connectors on middle shell 2 and PCB II board 7 can use the same or different male/female connectors, which are not strictly limited here, as long as they can be matched and connected.
  • the assembly method of this camera structure is as follows:
  • the middle shell 2 has positioning holes.
  • the lower pressing plate 17 is a hollow shell structure with an opening at the top.
  • the middle shell 2 is put into the lower pressing plate 17, and the middle shell positioning column 18 on the lower pressing plate 17 passes through the positioning hole of the middle shell 2 to align the middle shell 2 for positioning, after fixing the middle shell 2, put the moisture-proof structure 11 into the moisture-proof structure installation hole 9 of the middle shell 2, the bottom of the upper platen 19 is a hollow structure, buckled on the lower platen 17, and the middle shell 2 is placed on the upper
  • the pressing column 20 drives the upper pressing plate 19 to press down on the middle shell 2, and the pressing column 20 is located above the damp structure 11, and the lower end of the pressing column 20 is provided with a pressing sleeve 20.1, which is pressed in The diameter of the sleeve 20.1 is the same as the diameter of the contact surface of the moisture-resistance structure 11, so that the pressure can be evenly distributed on
  • the wire harness 15 passes through the wire harness channel 13 in the rear shell 3 and is fixed on the rear shell 3;
  • the connector 12 adopts a flexible connector, as shown in Figure 11, connect the female/male at one end of the connector 12 to the male/female of the wiring harness 15, and the connector 12 is another
  • the male/female head at one end is fixedly connected to the side of the PCB II board 7 facing the middle shell 2 through the middle shell 2 through the connector channel 10;
  • the connector 12 adopts a rigid connector, as shown in Figure 12, connect the female/male end of the connector 12 to the male/female end of the wire harness 15, and the male/female end of the connector 12 through the After the connector channel 10, it is connected with the female head/male head provided on the middle shell 2. At this time, the middle shell 2 is connected to the PCB II board 7 through the data transmission circuit;
  • the shape of the connector channel 10 is not limited, it is only suitable for the connector 12 to pass through, for example: when the connector 12 adopts a flexible circuit board, the connector channel 10 is a long and thin channel; the connector 12 adopts an axial connector , the connector channel 10 is a circular channel;
  • the middle shell 2 is positioned with the rear shell 3 through the connector 12 and/or the housing positioning structure 8, and the middle shell 2 and the rear shell 3 are connected by screws;
  • the PCB II board 7 is fixed on the stepped surface in the middle shell 2 through the PCB board positioning structure, and there is a predetermined distance between the PCB II board 7 and the second connection surface 2.3, and the predetermined distance is the same as the length of the connecting part of the connector 12 ;
  • the imaging end of the lens passes through the lens channel of the front shell 1 and is fixed in the front shell 1, and the lens acquisition end is located at the outer end of the front shell 1; Inside the shell 1, the image sensor and other components are installed on the PCBI board 6; the imaging end of the lens is connected with the data of the image sensor;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Structure And Mechanism Of Cameras (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种摄像机结构及其装配方法。本发明摄像机包括前壳(1)、中壳(2)、后壳(3)，三者顺序相接；所述前壳(1)与所述中壳(2)之间形成第一腔室(1.1)，所述中壳(2)与后壳(3)之间形成第二腔室(2.3)，所述摄像机的电路板安装在所述第一腔室(1.1)中，所述第二腔室(2.3)与相机外侧直接或间接连通，所述第一腔室(1.1)与所述第二腔室之间通过阻湿结构(11)连通。本发明有利于在组装、生产、组装过程中保障元器件的安全，且易于拆卸更换组件。

Description

一种摄像机结构及其装配方法
相关申请
本申请主张于2021年9月15日提交的、名称为“一种摄像机结构的装配方法”的中国专利申请：202111080075.1的优先权以及2021年9月15日提交的、名称为“一种摄像机结构”的中国专利申请：202122231739.1的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及摄像机技术领域，具体涉及一种摄像机结构及其装配方法。
背景技术
目前摄像机为保证图像清晰，需具有散热、平衡气压、防尘、防水防雾的特点，而一旦摄像机温度过高、气压失衡、吸入飞尘、水气等，不仅会导致画质模糊，甚至还可能造成短路、烧毁元件等状况。现有技术中为了保证摄像机画像清晰，也提出了一些改进，但是主要还是以单腔室的结构为主。个别研究人员虽然提出了分隔腔室的可能，但往往是利用隔板将壳体内腔分开，镜头组件设置在其中一个腔室内，而该腔室内又设有多个气流通道、多个气室，镜头组件安装困难，拆装不便，且不利于缩小摄像头体积。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供了一种摄像机结构及其装配方法，装配后的摄像机外壳便于安装定位、易于拆卸更换组件，且其散热表面积大，摄像机的安全性、可靠性更高。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一方面，本发明提供一种摄像机结构，所述摄像机结构包括前壳、中壳、后壳，三者顺序相接；
所述前壳与所述中壳之间形成第一腔室，所述中壳与后壳之间形成第二腔室，所述摄像机的电路板安装在所述第一腔室中，所述第二腔室与摄像机外侧直接或间接连通，所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间通过阻湿结构连通。
优选地，所述前壳的中部朝向第一方向凸出，所述第一方向为远离所述中壳的方向，所述中壳具有隔板，所述隔板的中部和所述后壳的中部均朝向第二方向凸出，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
优选地，所述电路板包括第一电路板和第二电路板，所述第一电路板安装在所述前壳上，所述第二电路板安装在所述中壳，所述第一电路板和第二电路板分别位于所述第一腔室的两端。
优选地，所述中壳上具有阻湿结构安装孔，所述阻湿结构包括第一柱状筒体，所述第一柱状筒体一端开口，另一端封闭，其内部形成第一气体流通腔，所述第一柱状筒体靠近封闭端的侧壁上开有至少一个通气孔，每个所述通气孔上覆盖有弹性密封件，所述弹性密封件能够在所述第一气体流通腔与所述第二腔室之间的压力差超过预定值时张开。
优选地，所述弹性密封件为第二柱状筒体，所述第二柱状筒体两端开口，并且跨所述通气孔套接在所述第一柱状筒体的封闭端外侧，所述第二柱状筒体的第一端与所述第一柱状筒体的侧壁密封连接，另一端与所述第一柱状筒体的侧壁紧贴，形成第二气体流通腔。
优选地，所述第二柱状筒体的第一端由非弹性材料制成，第二端由弹性材料制成，或者所述第二柱状筒体的第一端厚度大于第二端的厚度，以使得所述第一端紧密卡固在所述第一柱状筒体外侧，第二端在所述第一气体流通腔与所述第二腔室之间的压力差作用下能够张开。
优选地，所述后壳上安装有透气阀，所述透气阀中设置有防水透气膜，所述中壳上还设置有回气阀，所述回气阀为从所述第二腔室通向所述第一腔室的单向阀。
优选地，所述中壳在靠近所述第二电路板的位置处设置有连接器，所述连接器一端与所述第二电路板相连，另一端与所述摄像机的线束相连。
优选地，所述中壳上具有阻湿结构安装孔，所述阻湿结构压装在所述阻湿结构安装孔中，并且所述阻湿结构的外周具有密封装置用于对所述阻湿结构与所述中壳之间的连接进行密封。
另一方面，本发明提供一种摄像机结构的装配方法，其特征在于，所述摄像机结构包括前壳、中壳、后壳；所述摄像机具有电路板，所述中壳内具有阻湿结构安装孔；所述摄像机结构的装配方法包括：
S1、将阻湿结构安装在所述阻湿结构安装孔中；
S2、将所述摄像机的镜头和电路板安装在所述前壳内侧；
S3、将所述中壳设置在所述前壳的后端，对所述前壳进行封闭形成第一腔室；
S4、将所述后壳设置在所述中壳后端，对所述中壳进行封闭形成第二腔室，其中，所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间通过阻湿结构连通。
优选地，所述方法还包括：
将一透气阀安装到所述后壳上，以使得所述后壳能够与所述摄像机外侧连通，所述透气阀中设置有防水膜。
优选地，所述电路板包括第一电路板和第二电路板，所述方法还包括：将所述摄像机的镜头固定在所述前壳的前端，然后将所述第一电路板固定在所述前壳内，将所述第二电路板固定在所述中壳内侧，以使得当所述前壳和所述中壳固定在一起时，所述第一电路板和所述电路板之间具有预定距离。
优选地，所述方法在所述步骤S3之前还包括：将所述摄像机的线束穿过所述后壳中的线束通道固定在所述后壳上；将所述线束与所述中壳上的连接器一端相连；所述连接器另一端穿过所述中壳与所述第二电路板相连。
优选地，所述步骤S1包括先通过压入柱将所述阻湿结构压入所述阻湿结构安装孔中；然后，取出所述压入柱，在所述阻湿结构安装孔中放入密封装置，再通过所述压入柱下压压铆柱，将所述阻湿结构压铆在所述阻湿结构安装孔中。
本发明的有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明突破传统相机的单腔室设计理念，在摄像机中，通过前壳、中壳和后壳的配合，在摄像机内部划分出第一腔室和第二腔室，将摄像机中的重要部件以及主要散热部件，比如电路板等固定安装在第一腔室中，在第一腔室和第二腔室之间设置气体流通通道，尤其将具有阻湿能力的阻湿结构作为气体流通通道，既保证了第一腔室内的散热、平衡气压，又实现了第一腔室内的防水、防尘、防水蒸汽。
在优选实现方式中，本发明将摄像机的电路构造分装在两块电路板上，通过第一电路板和第二电路板分别固定，可减小电路板的总长度与宽度，从而减小摄像机的体积。通过向后突出的中壳安装电路板，使第二电路板安装到中壳上时并非紧贴中壳，不仅不影响第二电路板的散热，还便于采用柔性连接器连接线束和第二电路板，便于解决采用不同连接器的连接问题。
本发明的摄像机结构中通过采用前壳、中壳、后壳组成的可拆卸结构，摄像机内组件更换便捷。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中摄像机结构的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中前壳、中壳、后壳连接面示意图，其中，图2A为前壳1上的连接面示意图(前壳的右视图)，图2B为中壳的左侧连接面示意图(中壳的左视图)，图2C为中壳的右侧连接面示意图(中壳的右视图)，图2D为后壳连接面示意图(后壳的左视图)；
图3为本发明实施例中摄像机的立体拆分结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中两块PCB板的位置关系示意图；
图5为本发明实施例摄像机结构的剖视图；
图6为本发明实施例中摄像机从另一视角的立体拆分结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例摄像机结构的立体图；
图8为本发明实施例中阻湿结构示意图，其中图8A为阻湿结构的剖面示意图，图8B为阻湿结构立体结构示意图，图8C为阻湿结构中的第一柱状筒体的立体结构示意图，图8D为阻湿结构中的第一柱状筒体的透视结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中阻湿结构压入中壳的过程示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中阻湿结构压铆拆解示意图；
图11为本发明实施例中PCBⅡ板、连接器、线束连接后的剖视图；
图12为本发明实施例中阻湿结构和连接器安装在中壳上的装配示意图；
图13为本发明实施例中的摄像机结构装配后的剖视图。
其中：1-前壳、1.1-第一腔室、1.2-摄像机镜头、2-中壳、2.2-第二连接面、2.3-第二腔室、3-后壳、4-螺丝固定孔、5-固定螺丝、6-PCBⅠ板、6.1-PCB板定位结构、7-PCBⅡ板、8-壳体定位结构、9-阻湿结构安装孔、10-连接器通道、11-阻湿结构、11.1-气体流通腔、11.2-通气孔、11.3-第二柱状筒体、11.4-第二气体流通腔、11.5-第一柱状筒体、12-连接器、13-线束通道、14-透气阀孔、15-线束、16-透气阀、17-下压板、18-中壳定位柱、19-上压板、20-压入柱、20.1-压入套、21-压铆柱。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本申请文件中的上、下、左、右、内、外、前端、后端、头部、尾部等方位或位置关系用语是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系而建立的。附图不同，则相应的位置关系也有可能随之发生变化，故不能以此理解为对保护范围的限定。
本发明中，术语“安装”、“相连”、“相接”、“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，也可以是一体地连接，也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通信，也可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元器件内部的联通，也可以是两个元器件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本实施例记载了一种摄像机结构的装配方法，用于一种便于安装定位、便捷拆卸更换组件、散热表面积大的摄像机外壳的装配。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例中的摄像机包括前壳1、中壳2、后壳3三个可拆卸的部分。前壳1、中壳2和后壳3分别为具有预定厚度的中空壳体，三者组合在一起形成摄像机的整体外壳。前壳1的中部朝向前方向外凸出，中壳2和后壳3的中部均朝向后方凸出，且中壳2的后凸出部伸入到后壳3中。前壳1、中壳2、后壳3通过固定螺丝5依次固定在一起组成摄像机外壳。中壳2具有横向隔板将摄像机内部空间分隔成两个腔室，即，前壳1与中壳2之间形成第一腔室1.1，第一腔室1.1用于安装电路板、镜头等组件，中壳2与后壳3之间形成第二腔室2.3，第二腔室2.3是冷热空气接触的缓冲腔室，可更好地缓冲摄像机内部与外部的压力差，同时也扩大了散热体积。摄像机的电路板安装在第一腔室1.1中，第二腔室2.3与摄像机外侧直接或间接连通，第一腔室1.1与第二腔室2.3之间通过阻湿结构11连通。在前壳1与中壳2之间以及中壳2与后壳3之间，优选地，还分别设置密封圈，用于在相应连接处进行密封。
本实施例中，电路板均采用PCB板，但是本领域技术人员可以采用其他类型电路板，这里不作限制。
前壳1、中壳2、后壳3上分别均布多个螺丝固定孔4，且前壳1、中壳2、后壳3上的螺丝固定孔4位置相对，螺丝固定孔4可均为通孔，也可将前壳1上的螺丝固 定孔4采用非贯穿的带有螺纹的螺丝孔，中壳2和后壳3上的螺丝固定孔4采用通孔。固定螺丝5通过螺丝固定孔4将前壳1、中壳2、后壳3依次固定。
如图3和12所示，中壳2的两侧分别称为第一连接面(图中2.2的相反一面)和第二连接面2.2。本实施例以朝向前壳1的连接面为第一连接面，以朝向后壳3的连接面为第二连接面2.2为例进行说明。
其中第一连接面中心内凹，如图5中所示，其朝向右侧方向凹进，且内凹槽中具有阶梯面，用以安装电路板，本实施例中，电路板由PCBⅠ板6和PCBⅡ板7组成，如图4所示。第二连接面2.2中心向外凸出，由此，可极大的保证前壳1与中壳2连接后PCBⅠ板6与PCBⅡ板7之间可以拥有预定的间距，以满足成像处理模块等组件的安装以及散热需求。另外，在第二连接面2.2的外凸面上还具有中空的二次外凸结构，用于安装阻湿结构11。
PCBⅠ板6与前壳1通过PCB板定位结构6.1和6.2定位固定，PCB板定位结构6.1和6.2可以采用包含但不限于定位柱与定位孔的插接组合结构，如在前壳1内侧的连接面上设置多个定位孔，PCBⅠ板6侧面具有与该定位孔相匹配的定位柱，PCBⅠ板6通过定位柱插接在前壳1上，拆卸方便。同理，PCBⅡ板7通过相应定位结构插接在中壳2内的阶梯面上。优选地，PCBⅡ板7上开孔或设置气流通道，以允许两个腔室之间通过阻湿结构的气体流通。
PCBⅡ板7与中壳2保持一定的间隙，该间隙可避免PCBⅡ板7因与线束15连接而阻碍自身固定的状态，保护元器件，防止元器件的磨损，有助于连接器12的通过及存放，同时还可保证PCBⅡ板7的散热，且PCBⅠ板6和PCBⅡ板7平行设置。分开设置的PCBⅠ板6和PCBⅡ板7，可将不同的功能元件分开设置，在保证摄像机同样功能的状态下，可减小现有PCB板的长度与宽度，方便更换且减小摄像机体积。PCBⅠ板6和PCBⅡ板7之间通过传输模块连接，保证了数据传输的安全稳定。传输模块可为FPC(柔性电路板Flexible Printed Circuit)、连接件等。
如图5至图7所示，前壳1的前端中部具有中空柱状结构，该中空柱状结构用作镜头通道，摄像机的镜头通过镜头通道伸入前壳1中。PCBⅠ板6上设有图像传感器。图像传感器用于接收镜头采集的图像。
另外，前壳1与中壳2、中壳2与后壳3分别通过多个壳体定位结构8定位，即在前壳1内连接面上、中壳2的两侧面上、后壳3的内连接面上分别设有壳体定位结 构8中相匹配的定位结构，壳体定位结构8与PCB板定位结构6.1和6.2定位原理相同，如采用定位柱与定位孔的插接方式，即一面上的定位柱插接入相接面上的定位孔中。
如图3所示，中壳2上具有阻湿结构安装孔9、连接器通道10，用于分别安装阻湿结构11、连接器12。其中，连接器通道10设有密封结构，例如胶塞，以达到密封效果，连接器通道10的形状可依据连接器12的形态进行相应的设置。
阻湿结构11穿过中壳2的第二连接面2.2安装在中壳2上。阻湿结构11可采用现有的阻湿元件，也可以采用本发明实施例中的阻湿结构。如图8所示，本实施例中阻湿结构11为阶梯状的圆柱嵌套结构，阻湿结构11包括：第一柱状筒体11.5、第二柱状筒体11.3，所述第一柱状筒体一端(图中左端)开口，另一端(图中右端)封闭，其内部形成第一气体流通腔11.1，第一柱状筒体11.5靠近封闭端的侧壁上开有至少一个通气孔11.2。第二柱状筒体11.3两端开口，并且跨所述通气孔11.2套接在所述第一柱状筒体11.5的封闭端外侧，第二柱状筒体11.3的一端(图中左端)与第一柱状筒体11.5的侧壁密封连接，另一端(图中右端)与第一柱状筒体11.5的侧壁紧贴，形成第二气体流通腔11.4。第二气体流通腔11.4的两端压差达到一定程度时，允许气流通过，第二柱状筒体11.3由弹性材料制成，优选地，第二柱状筒体覆盖所述通气孔11.2的部分由弹性材料制成。即，本发明的阻湿结构具有内、外两个单侧开口的气体流通腔，内侧的第一气体流通腔11.1设置在阻湿结构11中心，该气体流通腔11.1一端开口，另一端封闭，其开口端朝向PCBⅡ板7，闭口端设在中壳2的第二连接面2.2上。阻湿结构11在接近闭口端处对称设有通气孔11.2。
本实施例中，阻湿结构11的外部设置第二柱状筒体11.3，用作扰流罩，用以改变气流方向和缩小气体流通通道，第一柱状筒体11.5的外表面设置环形凹槽，用于卡固第二柱状筒体11.3。第二柱状筒体11.3的第一端(图中左端)具有与环形凹槽匹配的环形突出部，其向筒体内侧突出，以伸入到第一柱状筒体11.5的外表面的环形凹槽内，实现二者之间的相对固定。第二柱状筒体11.3的第二端的厚度小于第一端并覆盖在通气孔11.2上，形成第二气体流通腔11.4。第二气体流通腔11.4左端封闭，第二柱状筒体11.3由弹性材料制成，使得第二气体流通腔11.4的右端可以受压膨胀，进而开启，开口端朝向第二腔室2.3，由此，通过内侧的第一气体流通腔11.1、通气孔11.2和外侧的第二气体流通腔11.4连通第一腔室1.1和第二腔室2.3，形成 气体流通通道。
优选地，在中壳2还设置回气阀，所述回气阀为向第一腔室1.1单向开放的弹性阀体，当第二腔室2.3内的压力大于第一腔体1.1预定值之后，回气阀开放，当第二腔室2.3内与第一腔体1.1的压差小于等于预定值时，回气阀持续保持关闭，回气阀可以安装在中壳上，阻湿结构侧部。
摄像机工作时产生的高温，使得第一腔室1.1气压升高，第一腔室1.1与第二腔室2.3内形成压差，气体在阻湿结构11的第一气体流通腔11.1内遇到阻碍后进行分流，从通气孔11.2流出，通过外侧的第二气体流通腔11.4缓慢的流至第二腔室2.3，逐渐平衡第一腔室1.1和第二腔室2.3内压强，防止元器件的损坏。待摄像机降温后，第一腔室1.1内气压降低，第二腔室2.3内的气体通过回气阀流入第一腔室1.1内，直至平衡第一腔室1.1和第二腔室2.3内压强。
另外在阻湿结构11内的通气孔11.2位置处或者内侧的第一气体流通腔11.1内流经通气孔11.2前位置处设有防水透气膜，用于防止第二腔室2.3内的水蒸汽、水、灰尘进入第一腔室1.1，使得第一腔室1.1内的气体可以顺利的排出，而第二腔室2.3内的气体也可以通过回气阀顺利的进入第一腔室1.1内，可以有效地平衡第一腔室1.1和第二腔室2.3的气压，同时防水蒸汽、防水、防尘。
连接器12通过连接器通道10安装在中壳2内，用于与摄像机的线束15相连，线束15中可以既包括数据连接线又包括供电连接线。通过连接器12将电路板与数据连接线相连，可保证数据高速传输的稳定，不会产生衰减。本实施例中连接器12可以是硬性连接器，如同轴连接器或FARKA版插芯同轴连接器，也可以是柔性连接器，如柔性电路板。
在后壳3上设有线束通道13、透气阀孔14，如图2所示。线束15穿过线束通道13与连接器12相连，透气阀16通过透气阀孔14安装在后壳3上。透气阀16用于阻止外界环境的水蒸汽、灰尘、水进入第二腔室2.3，同时第二腔室2.3内的气体可以顺利的排出，外界的气体也可以顺利的进入第二腔室2.3内，有效地平衡摄像机内外气压，同时防水蒸汽、防水、防尘。
在后壳3上也可设置防水透气膜，该防水透气膜设置在透气阀孔14内，透气阀16的内侧，与阻湿结构11内的防水透气膜配合，可有效地实现第一腔室1.1、第二腔室2.3与摄像机外部大气环境间压力的缓慢平衡，保护元器件，可更加有效地防水 蒸汽、防水、防尘。
另外，优选地，如图9-10所示，中壳2外侧均布多个散热翅。更优选地，前壳1、中壳2和后壳3的外侧均布多个散热翅，用于扩大散热表面积。
本实施例中连接器12与线束15的连接、传输模块与PCBⅠ板6和PCBⅡ板7的连接均可采用母头、公头的插入式连接或者其他快接连接，以方便拆卸。以下以插入式连接进行说明，连接器2的一端具有母头/公头，另一端具有公头/母头，线束15端部具有与连接器12的连接端相匹配的公头/母头，中壳2或者PCBⅡ板7上具有母头/公头。连接器12、线束15以及中壳2和PCBⅡ板7上公头/母头的设置，可以采用相同或不同的公头/母头，在此不做严格限制，只需能匹配连接即可。
该摄像机结构的装配方法如下:
S1、将阻湿结构11压装到中壳2内的阻湿结构安装孔9中；
(1)将阻湿结构11压入中壳2；
中壳2具有定位孔。下压板17为中空壳体结构，顶部开口。组装时，如图9所示，下压板17固定不动，将中壳2放入下压板17中，并通过下压板17上的中壳定位柱18穿过中壳2的定位孔对中壳2进行定位，固定好中壳2后，将阻湿结构11放入中壳2的阻湿结构安装孔9中，上压板19底部为中空结构，扣在下压板17上，中壳2置于上压板19与下压板17之间，通过压入柱20带动上压板19下压中壳2，且压入柱20位于阴湿结构11上方，压入柱20下端外套设压入套20.1，压入套20.1直径与阻湿结构11接触面直径相同，以便于能够使得压力均匀分布在阻湿结构11上，便于阻湿结构11均匀压入阻湿结构安装孔9中，压入柱20下移，将阻湿结构11压至阻湿结构安装孔9中预定位置处；
(2)阻湿结构11的压铆；
松开压入柱20，抬起上压板19，取出压入套20.1，将密封装置置于阻湿结构安装孔9中阻湿结构11上方，如图10所示，多个压铆柱21放在密封装置上，通过压入柱20下压，推动压铆柱21下移压紧密封装置，并使阻湿结构11压铆在阻湿结构安装孔9中，实现阻湿结构11固定的同时保证密封性；
S2、将透气阀16安装到后壳3上的透气阀孔14中；
S3、线束15穿过后壳3中的线束通道13固定在后壳3上；
S4、在后壳3处，如连接器12采用柔性连接器，如图11所示，则将连接器12 一端的母头/公头与线束15的公头/母头连接，连接器12另一端的公头/母头由连接器通道10穿过中壳2与PCBⅡ板7面向中壳2的一面固定连接；
如连接器12采用硬性连接器，如图12所示，则将连接器12一端的母头/公头与线束15的公头/母头连接，连接器12另一端的公头/母头通过连接器通道10后，与中壳2上设置的母头/公头相接，此时中壳2通过数据传输电路与PCBⅡ板7相连；
本实施例中连接器通道10形态不限，适于连接器12穿过即可，如：连接器12采用柔性电路板时，连接器通道10为细长通道；连接器12采用轴向连接器时，连接器通道10为圆形通道；
S5、中壳2通过连接器12和/或壳体定位结构8与后壳3定位，并通过螺丝将中壳2、后壳3连接；
S6、PCBⅡ板7通过PCB板定位结构固定在中壳2内的阶梯面上，PCBⅡ板7与第二连接面2.3之间留有预定间距的间隙，预定间距与连接器12连接部位的长度相同；
S7、如图13所示，镜头成像端穿过前壳1的镜头通道固定在前壳1内，镜头采集端位于前壳1外端；PCBⅠ板6通过PCB板定位结构6.1和6.2固定在前壳1内侧，图像传感器等组件安装在PCBⅠ板6上；镜头成像端与图像传感器数据相连；
S8、通过传输模块连接PCBⅠ板6和PCBⅡ板7；
S9、先通过壳体定位结构8定位限制连接前壳1和中壳2；然后利用固定螺丝5依次贯穿后壳3、中壳2的通孔式的螺丝固定孔4，固定螺丝5再旋进前壳1上的带有螺纹的螺丝固定孔4内，锁紧固定前壳1、中壳2、后壳3。
虽然上面结合本发明的优选实施例对本发明的原理进行了详细的描述，本领域技术人员应该理解，上述实施例仅仅是对本发明的示意性实现方式的解释，并非对本发明包含范围的限定。实施例中的细节并不构成对本发明范围的限制，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，任何基于本发明技术方案的等效变换、简单替换等显而易见的改变，均落在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述摄像机结构包括前壳、中壳、后壳，三者顺序相接；
    所述前壳与所述中壳之间形成第一腔室，所述中壳与后壳之间形成第二腔室，所述摄像机的电路板安装在所述第一腔室中，所述第二腔室与摄像机外侧直接或间接连通，所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间通过阻湿结构连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述前壳的中部朝向第一方向凸出，所述第一方向为远离所述中壳的方向，所述中壳具有隔板，所述隔板的中部和所述后壳的中部均朝向第二方向凸出，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述电路板包括第一电路板和第二电路板，所述第一电路板安装在所述前壳上，所述第二电路板安装在所述中壳，所述第一电路板和第二电路板分别位于所述第一腔室的两端。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述中壳上具有阻湿结构安装孔，所述阻湿结构包括第一柱状筒体，所述第一柱状筒体一端开口，另一端封闭，其内部形成第一气体流通腔，所述第一柱状筒体靠近封闭端的侧壁上开有至少一个通气孔，每个所述通气孔上覆盖有弹性密封件，所述弹性密封件能够在所述第一气体流通腔与所述第二腔室之间的压力差超过预定值时张开。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述弹性密封件为第二柱状筒体，所述第二柱状筒体两端开口，并且跨所述通气孔套接在所述第一柱状筒体的封闭端外侧，所述第二柱状筒体的第一端与所述第一柱状筒体的侧壁密封连接，另一端与所述第一柱状筒体的侧壁紧贴，形成第二气体流通腔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述第二柱状筒体的第一端由非弹性材料制成，第二端由弹性材料制成，或者所述第二柱状筒体的第一端厚度大于第二端的厚度，以使得所述第一端紧密卡固在所述第一柱状筒体外侧，第二端在所述第一气体流通腔与所述第二腔室之间的压力差作用下能够张开。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述后壳上安装有透气阀，所述透气阀中设置有防水透气膜，所述中壳上还设置有回气阀，所述回气阀为从所述第二腔室通向所述第一腔室的单向阀。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述中壳在靠近所述第二电路板的位置处设置有连接器，所述连接器一端与所述第二电路板相连，另一端与所述摄像机的线束相连。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的摄像机结构，其特征在于，所述中壳上具有阻湿结构安装孔，所述阻湿结构压装在所述阻湿结构安装孔中，并且所述阻湿结构的外周具有密封装置用于对所述阻湿结构与所述中壳之间的连接进行密封。
  10. 一种摄像机结构的装配方法，其特征在于，所述摄像机结构包括前壳、中壳、后壳；所述摄像机具有电路板，所述中壳内具有阻湿结构安装孔；所述摄像机结构的装配方法包括：
    S1、将阻湿结构安装在所述阻湿结构安装孔中；
    S2、将所述摄像机的镜头和电路板安装在所述前壳内侧；
    S3、将所述中壳设置在所述前壳的后端，对所述前壳进行封闭形成第一腔室；
    S4、将所述后壳设置在所述中壳后端，对所述中壳进行封闭形成第二腔室，其中，所述第一腔室与所述第二腔室之间通过阻湿结构连通。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的摄像机结构的装配方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将一透气阀安装到所述后壳上，以使得所述后壳能够与所述摄像机外侧连通，所述透气阀中设置有防水膜。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的摄像机结构的装配方法，其特征在于，所述电路板包括第一电路板和第二电路板，所述方法还包括：将所述摄像机的镜头固定在所述前壳的前端，然后将所述第一电路板固定在所述前壳内，将所述第二电路板固定在所述中壳内侧，以使得当所述前壳和所述中壳固定在一起时，所述第一电路板和所述电路板之间具有预定距离。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的摄像机结构的装配方法，其特征在于，所述方法在所述步骤S3之前还包括：将所述摄像机的线束穿过所述后壳中的线束通道固定在所述后壳上；将所述线束与所述中壳上的连接器一端相连；所述连接器另一端穿过所述中壳与所述第二电路板相连。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的摄像机结构的装配方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1包括先通过压入柱将所述阻湿结构压入所述阻湿结构安装孔中；然后，取出所述压入 柱，在所述阻湿结构安装孔中放入密封装置，再通过所述压入柱下压压铆柱，将所述阻湿结构压铆在所述阻湿结构安装孔中。
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