WO2023040928A1 - 一种电子设备 - Google Patents

一种电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023040928A1
WO2023040928A1 PCT/CN2022/118906 CN2022118906W WO2023040928A1 WO 2023040928 A1 WO2023040928 A1 WO 2023040928A1 CN 2022118906 W CN2022118906 W CN 2022118906W WO 2023040928 A1 WO2023040928 A1 WO 2023040928A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
antenna structure
electronic device
frame
electrically connected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/118906
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王家明
余冬
赵方超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to US18/692,697 priority Critical patent/US20250141089A1/en
Priority to EP22869297.6A priority patent/EP4391226A4/en
Publication of WO2023040928A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040928A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H01Q1/2266—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment disposed inside the computer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/328—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors between a radiating element and ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to an electronic device.
  • the current requirements for antenna design of terminal equipment must not only meet high-performance OTA, but also meet low SAR.
  • the balance between antenna radiation efficiency and SAR can be adjusted by intelligently distinguishing user scenarios through software design, and the appropriate antenna or antenna combination can be selected through multi-antenna assistance and multi-antenna switching. etc., without changing the design of the antenna itself, thereby ensuring a high radiation efficiency. Therefore, how to simultaneously meet the requirements of radiation efficiency and low SAR through the design of the antenna itself is obviously a very difficult problem at present.
  • the present application provides an electronic device, including an antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure uses a part of the frame of the electronic device as a radiator, constructs a reverse current through an introduced metal branch, weakly controls the current, and weakens the current on the floor of the electronic device Effects on SAR of antenna structures.
  • an electronic device including: an antenna structure, including a first radiator, a second radiator, and a third radiator; a floor, the antenna structure is grounded through the floor; a frame, the frame A part has a first position, a second position and a third position in sequence, wherein the frame between the first position and the second position serves as the first radiator, and the second position and the second position The frame between the three positions serves as the second radiator; a first gap is opened at the second position of the frame; a second gap is formed between the second radiator and the floor; the first radiator The body extends in a first direction and is spaced from the third radiator in a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third radiator and the first radiator The projections of the bodies on the second direction are at least partially overlapped; the third radiator or the first radiator is provided with a first feed point, and the first feed point is used to feed the antenna structure electricity.
  • the third radiator is used as a feeding branch to provide energy to the second radiator through coupling, and then generate radiation through the second slot.
  • the third radiator can construct a reverse current with the floor on the frame of the electronic device to reduce the influence of the current on the floor on the frame, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing SAR.
  • the third radiator is provided with the first feed point, and the first feed point is set on the third radiator away from all One end of the second radiator.
  • the first feed point can also be set on the first radiator, and the first radiator is used as a feed branch to feed the antenna structure, and the same technical effect can also be achieved.
  • the second radiator and the third radiator are spaced apart in a third direction, and the second radiator and the third radiator are The projections in said third direction are at least partially coincident.
  • the antenna structure further includes a first capacitor, a first end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the third radiator, and the first capacitor The second terminal is electrically connected to the second radiator.
  • the second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to an end of the second radiator located in the first slot.
  • the first end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to an end of the third radiator close to the second position.
  • the first capacitor may be connected in series at any position between the third radiator and the second radiator, which is not limited in the present application.
  • a capacitance value of the first capacitor is less than or equal to 1 pF.
  • the energy transmitted by the second radiator from the third radiator can be controlled, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure.
  • the third radiator is a thin metal sheet.
  • the thickness of the metal sheet is smaller than the minimum thickness of the frame.
  • the electrical length of the third radiator is less than a quarter of the first wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna structure. wavelength.
  • the electrical length of the third radiator can be controlled to be less than a quarter of the first wavelength, so that the second slot can be fully excited to ensure the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure, and the third radiation can be used
  • the extremely unbalanced working state of the body stimulates different working modes of the antenna structure and expands the bandwidth of the antenna structure.
  • a third slit is opened at the first position of the frame.
  • the first radiator between the first position and the second position is an ungrounded suspended metal.
  • the first radiator does not open a gap at the first position, and the first radiator is electrically connected to the floor at the first position .
  • the length of the first radiator is longer than the length of the second radiator.
  • the length of the first radiator can be greater than the length of the second radiator, wherein the length can be understood as an electrical length or a physical length, so that the resonance frequency band generated by the first radiator can be lower than the resonance frequency band generated by the second radiator .
  • the resonant frequency band generated by the first radiator can be used to expand the low-frequency communication frequency band of the antenna structure, so that the antenna structure can work in more communication frequency bands, so as to improve user experience.
  • the antenna structure further includes a second capacitor, a first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the third radiator, and the second capacitor The second end is electrically connected to the first radiator.
  • the energy transmitted by the first radiator from the third radiator can be controlled, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure.
  • the second end of the second capacitor is electrically connected to an end of the first radiator located in the first slot.
  • the first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected to an end of the third radiator close to the second position.
  • the second capacitor may be connected in series at any position between the third radiator and the first radiator, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the capacitance of the second capacitor is less than or equal to 1 pF.
  • the second radiator is electrically connected to the floor at one end located in the first gap, and the second radiator is at the third position electrically connected to the floor.
  • the second radiator and the floor form a slot antenna to radiate energy outward.
  • the antenna structure further includes a tuner; one end of the tuner is electrically connected to one end of the second radiator located in the first slot, so The other end of the tuner is electrically connected to the floor for switching the working frequency band of the antenna structure.
  • the tuner can be used to switch different electronic components electrically connected to the second radiator, so as to switch the resonance point of the antenna structure, so that the antenna structure can work in different frequency bands.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of working modes of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of S parameters of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a Smith chart of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 1.8 GHz.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 2.3 GHz.
  • FIG. 8 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 1.8 GHz.
  • FIG. 9 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 2.3 GHz.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device along a second direction.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of current distribution provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a simulation diagram of S parameters of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 14 .
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of current distribution provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 14 .
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 17 .
  • connection in this application can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) copper foil or wires It can also be understood as the form of electrical connection through indirect coupling.
  • Coupling can be understood as the electrical conduction through indirect coupling. Among them, those skilled in the art can understand that the coupling phenomenon refers to the close relationship between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks. The phenomenon of cooperation and mutual influence, and the transfer of energy from one side to the other through the interaction. Both “connection” and “connection” can refer to a mechanical or physical connection relationship.
  • connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can mean that there are fastening components (such as screws, bolts, etc.) between A and B. rivets, etc.), or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to separate.
  • fastening components such as screws, bolts, etc.
  • Antenna pattern also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field changing with the direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
  • Antenna patterns usually have multiple radiation beams.
  • the radiation beam with the largest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or side lobes.
  • the side lobes the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.
  • Antenna return loss It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit and the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the return loss of the antenna can be expressed by the S11 parameter, and the S11 is one of the S parameters.
  • S11 represents the reflection coefficient, which can characterize the quality of the antenna's emission efficiency.
  • the S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the return loss of the antenna, and the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that the more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the S11 parameter The larger is, the greater the return loss of the antenna is, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna is.
  • the S11 value of -4dB is generally used as a standard.
  • the S11 value of the antenna is less than -4dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or it can be considered that the transmission efficiency of the antenna is relatively good.
  • Smith (Smith) chart It is a calculation chart with normalized input impedance (or admittance) equivalent circle family plotted on the reflection system dispersion plane.
  • the diagram consists of three circle systems and is used to solve the transmission line and some waveguide problems graphically to avoid cumbersome calculations.
  • Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the signal transmitted by one antenna and the signal received by another antenna to the signal of the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling of antennas. Assuming that two antennas form a dual-port network, then the isolation between the two antennas is S21, S12 between the antennas. Antenna isolation can be expressed by S21 and S12 parameters. S21, S12 parameters are usually negative. The smaller the parameters of S21 and S12, the greater the isolation between antennas and the smaller the degree of antenna mutual coupling; the larger the parameters of S21 and S12, the smaller the isolation between antennas and the greater the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. The isolation of the antenna depends on the radiation pattern of the antenna, the spatial distance of the antenna, and the gain of the antenna.
  • Ground can generally refer to at least a part of any grounding layer, or grounding plate, or grounding metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or any combination of any of the above grounding layers, or grounding plates, or grounding components, etc.
  • ground can be used to ground components within electronic equipment.
  • the "ground” may be the ground layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, or the ground plane formed by the middle frame of the electronic device or the ground metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen.
  • the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer or 12-14 layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13 or 14 layers of conductive material, or a printed circuit board such as A dielectric or insulating layer, such as fiberglass, polymer, etc., that separates and electrically insulates components.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer and a wiring layer, and the wiring layer and the ground layer are electrically connected through via holes.
  • components such as displays, touch screens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, system on chip (SoC) structures, etc. may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace and/or ground planes in the circuit board.
  • the radio frequency source is set on the wiring layer.
  • the conductive material can be any one of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, Silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-plated substrate, brass-plated substrate sheets and aluminum-coated substrates.
  • the ground layer/ground plate/ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • the technical solution provided by this application is applicable to electronic equipment using one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (blue-tooth, BT) communication technology, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (wireless Fidelity, WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology and other communication technologies in the future.
  • the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart home, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, smart glasses, and the like.
  • the electronic device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in the 5G network or electronic devices in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., this
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an electronic device provided by the present application, and the electronic device is a mobile phone for illustration.
  • the electronic device 10 may include: a cover (cover) 13, a display screen/module (display) 15, a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) 17, a middle frame (middle frame) 19 and a rear cover (rear cover)21.
  • the cover plate 13 can be a glass cover plate (cover glass), and can also be replaced by a cover plate of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass material cover plate, PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyterephthalate Ethylene formate) material cover plate, etc.
  • the cover plate 13 can be arranged close to the display module 15 , and can be mainly used for protecting and dustproofing the display module 15 .
  • the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display panel (liquid crystal display, LCD), a light emitting diode (light emitting diode, LED) display panel or an organic light emitting semiconductor (organic light-emitting diode, OLED) display panel, etc. , this application does not limit it.
  • liquid crystal display panel liquid crystal display, LCD
  • light emitting diode light emitting diode, LED
  • organic light emitting semiconductor organic light-emitting diode, OLED
  • the middle frame 19 mainly plays a supporting role of the whole machine. It is shown in Fig. 1 that the PCB 17 is arranged between the middle frame 19 and the rear cover 21. It should be understood that, in one embodiment, the PCB 17 can also be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, which is not the subject of this application. Do limit.
  • the printed circuit board PCB 17 may use a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, or a Rogers (Rogers) dielectric board, or a mixed media board of Rogers and FR-4, and so on.
  • FR-4 is a code name for a flame-resistant material grade
  • Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board.
  • the PCB 17 carries electronic components, for example, radio frequency chips and the like.
  • a metal layer may be disposed on the printed circuit board PCB17.
  • the metal layer can be used for grounding of electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB17, and can also be used for grounding of other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc.
  • the metal layer can be called a floor, or a ground plane, or a ground layer.
  • the metal layer can be formed by etching metal on the surface of any dielectric board in the PCB 17 .
  • the metal layer for grounding can be disposed on the side of the printed circuit board PCB17 close to the middle frame 19 .
  • the edges of the printed circuit board PCB 17 can be considered as the edges of its ground plane.
  • the metal middle frame 19 may also be used for grounding the above components.
  • the electronic device 10 may also have other ground/ground planes/ground layers, as mentioned above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the electronic device 10 may also include a battery (not shown in the figure).
  • the battery can be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the rear cover 21 , or between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15 , which is not limited in the present application.
  • the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery can be arranged between the main board and the sub-board, wherein the main board can be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board can be arranged on the Between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.
  • the electronic device 10 may further include a frame 11, and the frame 11 may be formed of a conductive material such as metal.
  • the frame 11 can be disposed between the display module 15 and the back cover 21 and extend around the periphery of the electronic device 10 .
  • the frame 11 can have four sides surrounding the display module 15 to help fix the display module 15 .
  • the frame 11 made of metal material can be directly used as the metal frame of the electronic device 10 to form the appearance of a metal frame, which is suitable for metal industrial design (ID).
  • the outer surface of the frame 11 may also be made of non-metallic material, such as a plastic frame, to form the appearance of a non-metallic frame, which is suitable for a non-metallic ID.
  • the middle frame 19 may include a frame 11, and the middle frame 19 including the frame 11 as an integral part may support the electronic devices in the whole machine.
  • the cover plate 13 and the rear cover 21 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the frame to form a housing or housing of the electronic device.
  • the cover plate 13 , the rear cover 21 , the frame 11 and/or the middle frame 19 may be collectively referred to as a housing or a shell of the electronic device 10 .
  • “outer shell or shell” can be used to refer to any part or all of the cover plate 13, the rear cover 21, the frame 11 or the middle frame 19, or to refer to the cover plate 13, the rear cover 21, the frame 11 Or part or all of any combination in the middle frame 19.
  • the frame 11 may not be regarded as a part of the middle frame 19 .
  • the frame 11 can be connected with the middle frame 19 and integrally formed.
  • the frame 11 may include a protruding piece extending inward to connect with the middle frame 19 , for example, by means of spring clips, screws, welding, and the like.
  • the protruding part of the frame 11 can also be used to receive a feed signal, so that at least a part of the frame 11 acts as a radiator of the antenna to receive/transmit radio frequency signals.
  • the back cover 21 may be a back cover made of a metal material, or a back cover made of a non-conductive material, such as a non-metal back cover such as a glass back cover or a plastic back cover.
  • FIG. 1 only schematically shows some components included in the electronic device 10 , and the actual shape, actual size and actual configuration of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .
  • the surface on which the display screen of the electronic device is located is considered as the front
  • the surface on which the rear cover is located is the back side
  • the surface on which the frame is located is the side surface
  • SAR is a measure of how much radio frequency radiation energy is actually absorbed by the body. It is called the specific absorption ratio and is expressed in watts per kilogram (W/kg) or milliwatts per gram (mW/g).
  • W/kg watts per kilogram
  • mW/g milliwatts per gram
  • SAR is: the derivative of the unit energy (dw) absorbed by the unit volume unit (dv) unit material (dm) under a given material density ( ⁇ —human tissue density) relative to time.
  • European standard 2w/kg the European standard 2w/kg
  • American standard 1.6w/kg the European standard 1.6w/kg.
  • the specific meaning of the European standard refers to the electromagnetic radiation absorbed by each kilogram of human tissue with 6 minutes as the timing. The radiant energy must not exceed 2 watts.
  • the human body absorbs electromagnetic energy very effectively when exposed to frequencies in the 30-300MHz range. Therefore, for those outside the frequency range, for example, the current mobile terminal products use the SAR limit range, which has been written into many market regulations. Once it exceeds the limit value range, there may be legal risks, so all designers must abide by SAR. a threshold value of .
  • SAR-related control methods have emerged. For example, electronic devices can use intelligent switching to reduce SAR by controlling the transmission power of the antenna by identifying various states of the antenna. Alternatively, it is also possible to reduce the SAR by constructing a passive structure, or increasing the size of the radiator of the antenna, and increasing the radiation aperture. In some cases, the actual practicality is very poor.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, such as a terminal device, including an antenna structure, the antenna structure includes a part of the frame of the terminal device, and a metal branch disposed in the casing, wherein the part of the frame acts as a radiator, and the antenna structure is transmitted through the metal branch. Affect the frame of the terminal equipment and the current distribution on the floor to weaken the influence of the current on the floor on the SAR of the antenna structure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 may include a frame 11 , an antenna structure 120 and a floor 110 .
  • a first position 101 , a second position 102 and a third position 103 are sequentially set on a part of the frame 11 .
  • the frame 11 between the first position 101 and the second position 102 serves as the first radiator 122 of the antenna structure 120
  • the frame 11 between the second position 102 and the third position 103 serves as the second radiator 123 of the antenna structure 120 .
  • the antenna structure 120 may include a third radiator 121 disposed in the casing of the electronic device 100 .
  • a first gap 131 is opened at the second position 102 of the frame 11
  • a second gap 132 is formed between the second radiator 123 and the floor 110 .
  • the first radiator 122 extends in the first direction, and is spaced from the third radiator 121 in the second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third radiator 121 and the first radiator 122 are in the second The projections in the directions are at least partially coincident.
  • the third radiator 121 is provided with a first feeding point 141 , and the first feeding point 141 is electrically connected or coupled to the feeding unit 142 for feeding the antenna structure 120 .
  • “Extending in the first direction” in this application should be understood as the radiator is in the shape of a straight strip and the straight strip extends in the first direction, or the radiator is in a bent shape and at least a part or the whole of the bent shape extends in a first direction.
  • Spacing in the second direction in the present application should be understood as meaning that the radiators as a whole are not in contact with each other in the second direction, including evenly spaced or unevenly spaced apart.
  • first position shall include a point of the frame and/or a section of the frame.
  • first slit 131 is opened at the second position 102 of the frame 11
  • second position 102 includes the first slit 131 on the frame, or the second position 102 is at the first slit 131.
  • the second radiator 123 is electrically connected to the floor 110 at the third position 103
  • the third position 103 is a point on the frame or a segment on the frame, and the second radiator 123 includes the third position 103, and grounded at the third position, it may specifically be that the second radiator 123 extends inward at the third position to be electrically connected to the floor 110, or specifically the second radiator 123 is connected at the third position Elastic piece or tightening structure, the elastic piece or tightening structure is electrically connected with the floor 110 .
  • the third radiator 121 extends in the first direction, or a part of the edge of the third radiator 121 extends in the first direction.
  • the edge of the third radiator 121 close to the first radiator 122 extends in the first direction.
  • the embodiment of the present application only uses the third radiator 121 as a feeding branch for illustration.
  • the first feeding point 141 may also be set on the first radiator 122.
  • Using the first radiator 122 as a feeding stub to feed the antenna structure 120 can also achieve the same technical effect, which is not limited in this application.
  • the floor 110 may be understood as any one of the above-mentioned floors, or a metal layer electrically connected to any of the above-mentioned floors.
  • the first feeding point 141 may be disposed at an end of the third radiator 121 away from the second radiator 123 .
  • the "one end/first end/second end of the radiator" mentioned in this application (for example, one end of the third radiator 121) cannot be understood in a narrow sense as a point, but can also be considered as the third radiator 121 includes an end point of a radiator area, for example, when the length of the third radiator 121 is L, it can be considered that one end of the third radiator 121 is an area within 1/4L from the end point.
  • "one end/first end/second end of the radiator” may be an area within 5 mm or an area within 2 mm from the end point thereof.
  • the first feeding point 141 is disposed at the first end of the first radiator 122 , and the first end of the first radiator 122 is an end close to the first position 101 .
  • the third radiator 121 is used as a feeding branch to feed the second radiator 123 through electrical connection or coupling, so that the second radiator 123 generates radiation.
  • the first radiator 122 is spaced and coupled to the third radiator 121
  • the first radiator 122 is spaced and coupled to the floor 110 .
  • the current of the third radiator 121 and the second radiator 123 are substantially in the same direction
  • the current of the floor 110 is substantially opposite to the current of the second radiator 123 . Therefore, the third radiator 121 and the floor 110 respectively cause reverse currents to be generated on the first radiator 122 , and the two can at least partially cancel each other out.
  • the third radiator while serving as a feeder branch, generates an induced current on the frame of the electronic device, which is basically opposite to the induced current generated by the floor on the frame, which can reduce the influence of the current on the floor 110 on the frame 11, thereby achieving The purpose of reducing SAR.
  • the current substantially in the same direction can be understood as the main direction of the current (for example, more than 70% of the current) is the same.
  • Substantially reversed current flow may be understood to mean that the main direction of current flow (eg, greater than 70% of the current flow) is reversed.
  • the main direction of the current is the same direction and the main direction of the current is opposite. It does not mean the same or opposite direction in the sense of space.
  • the shape of the radiator may not be a regular rectangle, but it can be a broken line , the direction of the current can be understood as its vector direction.
  • the bending of the radiator does not change the direction of the current.
  • the antenna structure 120 may have multiple working modes, and the above analysis of the current distribution may only be applied to one or more of the working modes, and is not required to be applied to each working mode. This application does not limit this.
  • the electrical length of the third radiator 121 may be less than a quarter of the first wavelength, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna structure 120, wherein the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna structure 120 may be It can be considered as the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the frequency band supported by the antenna structure 120 , or it can also be considered as the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point generated in the working frequency band of the antenna structure 120 .
  • Electrical length can refer to the physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium and the time required for this signal to travel the same distance as the physical length of the medium in free space Ratio means that the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • a is the transmission time of the electric or electromagnetic signal in the medium
  • b is the transmission time in free space.
  • the electrical length can also refer to the ratio of the physical length (ie mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the resonance generated by the third radiator 121 is located within the working frequency band of the antenna structure 120, or the resonance generated by the third radiator 121 is adjusted to the frequency band of the antenna structure 120 by some means (for example, adding a matching circuit). within the working frequency band.
  • the first radiator 123 is used as the main radiator
  • the third radiator 121 is used as a feeding branch, and the radiation of the participating antenna structure 120 in the first working frequency band is relatively weak. Therefore, the third radiator 121 and the third radiator The energy distribution ratio of a radiator 123 is extremely unbalanced.
  • the third radiator 121 does not generate resonance in the first working frequency band of the antenna structure 120, and the resonant frequency of the third radiator 121 is higher than the highest frequency in the first working frequency band of the antenna structure 120, And excite the second radiator 123 to generate radiation.
  • the electrical length of the third radiator 121 is less than a quarter of the first wavelength, the second radiator 123 can be more fully excited to ensure the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 120 .
  • the third radiator 121 can be used to excite different working modes of the antenna structure 120 to expand the bandwidth of the antenna structure 120 .
  • the resonant frequency generated by the third radiator 121 can be used to support the antenna structure 120 to work in the second working frequency band, wherein the second working frequency band is higher than the first working frequency band.
  • the extremely unbalanced working state of the third radiator 121 can excite two different working modes of the antenna structure 120 .
  • it is the first working mode of the antenna structure 120.
  • the current of the third radiator 121 and the current of the second radiator 123 are substantially the same on both sides of the virtual line. direction, wherein the imaginary line may be any line between the third radiator 121 and the second radiator 123, and is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • it is the second working mode of the antenna structure 120.
  • the current of the third radiator 121 and the current of the second radiator 123 are substantially opposite on both sides of the virtual line.
  • the mode of the second radiator 123 can be increased, thereby increasing the working mode of the antenna structure 120 and expanding the bandwidth of the antenna structure 120 .
  • the second radiator 123 is electrically connected to the floor 110 at one end of the first slot 131 , and the second radiator 123 is electrically connected to the floor 110 at the third position 103 .
  • the second radiator 123 is electrically connected to the floor 110 at one end of the first slot 131 .
  • a third slit 133 is opened at the first position 101 of the frame 11 .
  • the first gap 131 and the third gap 133 may be filled with medium, so as to improve the physical strength of the frame 11 .
  • the second gap 132 can be filled with plastic particles, for example, flame-resistant material (FR-4) or other materials.
  • the antenna structure 120 may further include a tuner (tuner) 151 , one end of the tuner 151 is electrically connected to one end of the second radiator 123 in the first slot 131 , and the other end is electrically connected to the floor 110 .
  • the second radiator 123 generates resonance in the working frequency band through a tuner.
  • tuner 151 may be used to tune individual resonances generated by antenna structure 120 .
  • the second radiator 123 switches the electrical connection relationship with different electronic components through a tuner, so as to change the resonant frequency band of the antenna structure 120, so that the antenna structure 120 works in different frequency ranges.
  • the third radiator 121 in the antenna structure 120 feeds the second radiator 123 by being electrically connected or coupled with the second radiator 123 .
  • the third radiator 121 and the second radiator 123 are spaced apart in one direction, and the projections of the third radiator 121 and the second radiator 123 in this direction are at least partially coincident, so as to provide the above coupling method .
  • the distance between the third radiator 121 and the second radiator 123 may be the above-mentioned first direction, or the second direction, or any other direction, which is set according to the spatial layout in the housing of the electronic device, and this application does not any restrictions.
  • the antenna structure 120 may further include a capacitor 152, the capacitor 152 may be connected in series between the third radiator 121 and the second radiator 123, one end of the capacitor 152 is electrically connected to the third radiator 121, and the other end is electrically connected to the third radiator 121.
  • the second radiator 123 is electrically connected, for example, one end of the capacitor 152 may be electrically connected to one end of the second radiator 123 in the first slot 131 , and the other end of the capacitor 152 may be electrically connected to one end of the third radiator 121 .
  • the capacitance of the capacitor 152 by adjusting the capacitance of the capacitor 152 , the energy transferred by the second radiator 123 from the third radiator 121 can be controlled, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 120 .
  • the capacitance of the capacitor 152 is less than or equal to 1 pF. In the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance value of the capacitor 152 is 0.2pF as an example for illustration. In actual application, it can be adjusted according to production or design requirements, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the antenna structure may further include a capacitor 153, the capacitor 153 may be connected in series between the third radiator 121 and the first radiator 122, the first end of the capacitor 153 is electrically connected to the third radiator 121, and the second The end is electrically connected to the first radiator 122 .
  • the second end of the capacitor 153 may be electrically connected to one end of the first radiator 122 at the first slot 131 .
  • the first end of the capacitor 153 may be electrically connected to an end of the third radiator 121 close to the second position 102 .
  • the capacitance of the capacitor 153 the energy transferred by the first radiator 122 from the third radiator 121 can be controlled, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 120 .
  • the third radiator 121 may have a portion bent toward the second radiator 123, and/or the second radiator 123 may have a portion bent toward the third radiator 121, so that Partially provide the above-mentioned electrical connection or coupling manner.
  • FIG. 4 to 9 are diagrams of simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of S parameters of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a Smith chart of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 1.8 GHz.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 2.3 GHz.
  • FIG. 8 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 1.8 GHz.
  • FIG. 9 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 at 2.3 GHz.
  • the embodiment of the present application takes the B1 frequency band in LTE as an example for illustration, and does not limit the communication frequency band to which the technical solution provided in the present application is applied.
  • the resonant frequency band of the antenna structure can include 1.86-2.32GHz, and can include the transmitting frequency band (1920-1980MHz) and receiving frequency band (2110-2170MHz) of the B1 frequency band in LTE, so that Electronic equipment can work normally in the B1 frequency band.
  • the frequency points 1.78GHz and 2.44GHz are located on both sides of the zero axis respectively. It is generally believed that the antenna structure has a working mode when the curve crosses the zero axis once. Therefore, the antenna structure has The two working modes correspond to the working modes of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG 6 it is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure at 1.8 GHz, the current of the third radiator 121 and the current of the second radiator 123 are basically in the same direction on both sides of the virtual line, corresponding to (a) in Figure 3
  • the first mode of operation of the antenna structure is shown. Therefore, the resonance generated by the first working mode of the antenna structure is mainly located in the low frequency band of the working frequency band of the antenna structure, which may include the transmitting frequency band of the B1 frequency band (1920-1980 MHz).
  • FIG 7 it is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure at 2.3 GHz, the current of the third radiator 121 and the current of the second radiator 123 are basically opposite on both sides of the virtual line, corresponding to (b) in Figure 3
  • the second mode of operation of the antenna structure is shown. Therefore, the resonance generated by the first working mode of the antenna structure is mainly located in the high frequency band of the working frequency band of the antenna structure, which may include the receiving frequency band of the B1 frequency band (2110-2170 MHz).
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure at 1.8GHz and 2.3GHz is basically vertical, therefore, the first working mode of the antenna structure
  • the directions covered by the first mode and the second working mode are different.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure can be adjusted according to different hand-holding methods of the user, so as to effectively improve user experience and avoid signal attenuation caused by the user's hand-holding posture.
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are schematic diagrams of electronic devices provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electronic device along the second direction.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of current distribution provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the third radiator 121 is located between the floor 110 and the rear cover 21 of the electronic device in a third direction, wherein the third direction is the thickness direction of the electronic device.
  • the distance between the third radiator 121 and the rear cover 21 is smaller than the distance between the floor 110 and the rear cover 21 .
  • the third radiator 121 is located between the floor 110 and the glass cover 13 of the electronic device in the third direction.
  • the distance between the third radiator 121 and the glass cover 13 is smaller than the distance between the floor 110 and the glass cover 13 . It should be understood that the third radiator 121 may be partially or completely staggered from the floor 110 in the third direction.
  • the third radiator 121 may be arranged on a bracket between the floor 110 and the back cover 21/glass cover 13 of the electronic device, for example, the third radiator 121 is formed by embedding a steel sheet in the bracket, Or, for example, the third radiator 121 is formed on the bracket by laser-direct-structuring (LDS).
  • LDS laser-direct-structuring
  • the third radiator 121 can also be implemented in other ways, for example, in the form of floating metal (floating metal, FLM), flexible printed circuit (flexible printed circuit, FPC), etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the third radiator 121 is a metal sheet, such as a steel sheet, and the metal sheet is arranged along the extending direction of the floor 110 .
  • the thickness of the metal sheet is smaller than the thickness of the frame 11 , for example, smaller than the thickness of the narrowest part of the frame 11 .
  • the third radiator 121 may be in a rectangular, zigzag, U-shaped or irregular shape, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the shape, size, thickness, etc. of the third radiator 121 can be adjusted according to the relative positions of the floor 110, the first radiator 122, the second radiator 123 and the third radiator 121, so as to effectively Take advantage of the internal space of electronic equipment.
  • parameters such as the shape, size, thickness, or electrical length of the third radiator 121 can also be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements, so that the The magnitude of the second induced current is approximately the same as the magnitude of the first induced current, which effectively reduces the SAR of the antenna structure.
  • the working mode corresponding to the transmitting frequency band (1920-1980 MHz) is the first working mode, as shown in (a) in FIG. 3 .
  • the first position and the second position of the frame 11 are provided with a first slit and a third slit.
  • the first radiator 122 is a suspended branch, and its two ends are not electrically connected to the floor 110 .
  • the first radiator 122 there are two main sources of the current of the first radiator 122, one part is due to the current generated on the floor 110 by the radiation branch (second radiator 123) of the antenna structure, and then in the first radiator
  • the first induced current caused on the body 122, the first induced current and the current on the second radiator 123 are basically in the same direction, and the other part is due to the feeding stub (the third radiator 121) of the antenna structure on the first radiator 122
  • the second induced current is caused by the above, and the second induced current is basically opposite to the current on the third radiator 121 . That is, the first induced current and the second induced current exist on the first radiator 122 at the same time, and the directions of the first induced current and the second induced current are opposite.
  • the result is that at least part of the current cancels each other, and the zero point of the current appears. Since the magnetic field itself is generated by the current, in this antenna structure , the magnetic fields generated by the first induced current and the second induced current in antiphase (with a phase difference of about 180°) will cancel each other, and a zero point (or close to zero point) of the magnetic field will appear, thereby reducing the SAR of the antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application uses a part of the frame of the electronic device as a radiator.
  • the relative position of the third radiator 121 and the third radiator 121 and the second radiator can be adjusted.
  • 123 adjust the relative position of the third radiator 121, that is, adjust the relative position between the floor 110, the first radiator 122 and the second radiator 123 and the third radiator 121, so that due to the third
  • the amplitude of the second induced current generated by the radiator 121 on the first radiator 122 is the same as that of the first induced current, which effectively reduces the SAR of the antenna structure.
  • the resonant frequency band generated by the second radiator 123 is used to at least partially cancel the first induced current and the second induced current, and the first radiator 122 at the second No resonance occurs in the resonance frequency band generated by the two radiators 123 .
  • the resonant frequency band generated by the first radiator 122 may be set outside the resonant frequency band generated by the second radiator 123 .
  • the length of the first radiator 122 may be different from the length of the second radiator 123, the length of the first radiator 122 may be greater than or shorter than the length of the second radiator 123, and the resonant frequency band generated by the first radiator 122 may be Above or below the resonant frequency band generated by the second radiator 123 , where the length can be understood as an electrical length or a physical length.
  • the resonant frequency band generated by the first radiator 122 can be used to expand the communication frequency band of the antenna structure, so that the antenna structure can work in more communication frequency bands, so as to improve user experience.
  • the following setting positions of the third radiator 121 will affect the magnitude of the second induced current generated by the third radiator 121 on the first radiator 122: 1.
  • the third radiator 121 and the first radiator 121 The distance L1 between the radiators 122 is shown in FIG. 10 . 2.
  • the angle ⁇ formed by the third radiator 121 and the first radiator 122 is the area where the third radiator 121 faces the first radiator 122 . 3.
  • the medium between the third radiator 121 and the first radiator 122 The present application does not limit this, and the above is used as an example only.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the magnetic fields generated by the first induced current and the second induced current in antiphase cancel each other out, and outside the electronic device, the magnetic field near the first radiator has a zero point ( close to zero), and there is no strong point in the magnetic field of the antenna structure, which can effectively reduce the SAR of the antenna structure.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the difference between this antenna structure and the antenna structure shown in Figure 2 is that the third radiator is not included, and the first radiator is used as a feeding branch to feed the antenna structure, and the rest are the same as those shown in Figure 2
  • the antenna structures are the same, and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 is used as a comparative antenna structure in this application.
  • Table 1 below shows the actual measurement results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application has a significantly higher SAR value than the comparative antenna structure (the antenna structure shown in Figure 13). improve.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 200 may include a frame 11 , a floor 210 and an antenna structure 220 .
  • a first position 201 , a second position 202 and a third position 203 are arranged in sequence.
  • the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 serves as the first radiator 222 of the antenna structure 220
  • the frame 11 between the second position 202 and the third position 203 serves as the second radiator 223 of the antenna structure 220 .
  • a first gap 231 is opened at the second position 202 of the frame 11
  • a second gap 232 is formed between the second radiator 223 and the floor 210 .
  • the first radiator 222 does not open a gap at the first position 201
  • the first radiator 222 is electrically connected to the floor 210 at the first position 201 .
  • the second radiator 223 has no gaps at the third position 203 , and the second radiator 222 is electrically connected to the floor 210 at the third position 203 .
  • the antenna structure 220 may include a third radiator 221 disposed in the casing of the electronic device 200 .
  • the first radiator 222 extends in the first direction, and is spaced from the third radiator 221 in the second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third radiator 221 and the first radiator 222 are in the second The projections in the directions are at least partially coincident.
  • the third radiator 221 is provided with a first feeding point 241 , and the first feeding point 241 is electrically connected to a feeding unit 242 for feeding the antenna structure 220 .
  • the third radiator 221 extends in the first direction, or a part of the edge of the third radiator 221 extends in the first direction.
  • the edge of the third radiator 221 close to the first radiator 222 extends in the first direction.
  • the third radiator 221 in the antenna structure 120 feeds the second radiator 223 by being electrically connected or coupled with the second radiator 223 .
  • the third radiator 221 and the second radiator 223 are spaced apart in one direction, and the projections of the third radiator 221 and the second radiator 223 in this direction are at least partially coincident, so as to provide the above-mentioned coupling method .
  • the distance between the third radiator 221 and the second radiator 223 may be the above-mentioned first direction, or the second direction, or any other direction, which is set according to the spatial layout in the casing of the electronic device, and this application does not any restrictions.
  • the antenna structure 220 may further include a first capacitor 251, the first capacitor 251 may be connected in series between the third radiator 221 and the second radiator 223, the first end of the first capacitor 251 is connected to the third radiator
  • the body 221 is electrically connected, and the second end is electrically connected to the second radiator 223 .
  • a first end of the first capacitor 251 is electrically connected to an end of the third radiator 221 close to the second position 202 .
  • the second end of the first capacitor 251 may be electrically connected to one end of the second radiator 223 at the first slot 231 .
  • the energy transmitted by the second radiator 223 from the third radiator 221 can be controlled, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 220 .
  • the capacitance of the first capacitor 251 is less than or equal to 1 pF. In the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance value of the first capacitor 251 is 0.2pF as an example for illustration. In actual application, it can be adjusted according to production or design requirements, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the third radiator 221 may have a portion bent toward the second radiator 223, and/or the second radiator 223 may have a portion bent toward the third radiator 221, so that Partially provide the above-mentioned electrical connection or coupling manner.
  • the third radiator 221 is used as a feeding branch to feed the second radiator 223 through electrical connection or coupling, so that the second radiator 223 generates radiation.
  • the first radiator 222 is electrically connected or coupled to the third radiator 221 , and the first radiator 222 is electrically connected between the first position 201 and the floor 210 .
  • the current of the third radiator 221 and the second radiator 223 are substantially in the same direction, and the current of the floor 110 is substantially opposite to the current of the second radiator 123 . Therefore, the third radiator 121 and the floor 110 respectively cause reverse induced currents to be generated on the first radiator 122 , and the two can at least partially cancel each other out.
  • the third radiator generates current on the frame of the electronic device while serving as a feeding branch, which is basically opposite to the current generated by the floor on the frame, which can reduce the influence of the current on the floor 110 on the frame 11, thereby achieving SAR reduction the goal of.
  • the third radiator 221 and the first radiator 222 are separated by a certain distance to provide the aforementioned coupling manner.
  • the antenna structure 220 may further include a second capacitor 252, the second capacitor 252 may be connected in series between the third radiator 221 and the first radiator 222, the first end of the second capacitor 252 is connected to the third radiator
  • the body 221 is electrically connected, and the second end is electrically connected to the first radiator 222 .
  • the second end of the second capacitor 252 may be electrically connected to one end of the first radiator 222 at the first slot 231 .
  • the first end of the second capacitor 252 may be electrically connected to an end of the third radiator 221 close to the second position 202 .
  • the energy transmitted by the first radiator 222 from the third radiator 221 can be controlled, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 220 .
  • the capacitance of the second capacitor 252 is less than or equal to 1 pF. In the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance value of the second capacitor 252 is 0.2pF as an example for illustration. In actual application, it can be adjusted according to production or design requirements, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the third radiator 221 may have a portion bent toward the first radiator 222, and/or the first radiator 222 may have a portion bent toward the third radiator 221, so that Partially provide the above-mentioned electrical connection or coupling manner.
  • the antenna structure 220 may further include a tuner 253, one end of the tuner 253 is electrically connected to one end of the second radiator 223 in the first slot 231, and the other end is electrically connected to the floor 210, which can be used for switching and
  • the second radiator 223 is electrically connected to different electronic components to change the resonance of the antenna structure 120, so that the antenna structure 120 works in different frequency bands.
  • the tuner 253 may also be disposed at the third position 203 and connected between the floor 310 and the second radiator 223 , which is not limited in the present application.
  • the electrical length of the third radiator 221 may be less than a quarter of the first wavelength, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna structure 220 .
  • the resonance generated by the third radiator 221 is located in the working frequency band of the antenna structure 220 , or the resonance generated by the third radiator 221 is adjusted to the working frequency band of the antenna structure 220 by some means (for example, adding a matching circuit). Similar to the foregoing embodiments, details are not repeated here.
  • the relative position of the third radiator 221 in the electronic device is set (for example, between the floor 110 and the back cover 21/glass cover 13 of the electronic device), or its realization form (for example, a steel sheet embedded in the bracket , LDS, suspended metal, flexible circuit board, etc.), or its shape, etc., are similar to the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 15 is a simulation diagram of S parameters of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the resonant frequency band of the antenna structure can include the transmitting frequency band (1920-1980MHz) and receiving frequency band (2110-2170MHz) of the B1 frequency band in LTE, so that electronic equipment can operate normally in the B1 frequency band Work.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of current distribution provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the frame 11 is provided with a first slit at the second position, and the first radiator 222 is electrically connected to the floor 210 at the first position.
  • the first radiator 222 there are two main sources of the current of the first radiator 222, one part is due to the current generated on the floor 210 by the radiation branch (second radiator 223) of the antenna structure, and then in the first radiator.
  • the first induced current caused on the body 222, the first induced current and the current on the second radiator 223 are basically in the same direction, and the other part is due to the feeding stub (the third radiator 221) of the antenna structure on the first radiator 222
  • the second induced current is caused by the above, and the second induced current is basically opposite to the current on the third radiator 221 . That is, the first induced current and the second induced current exist on the first radiator 222 at the same time, and the directions of the first induced current and the second induced current are opposite.
  • the magnitude of the first induced current is close to the magnitude of the second induced current, the result presented is at least partial cancellation of the current, and the zero point of the current appears.
  • the resonant frequency band generated by the second radiator 223 is used to at least partially cancel the first induced current and the second induced current, therefore, the first radiator 222 is The resonance frequency band generated by the second radiator 223 does not generate resonance, and the resonance frequency band generated by the first radiator 222 should be set outside the resonance frequency band generated by the second radiator 223 .
  • the resonance frequency band generated by the first radiator 222 should be set outside the resonance frequency band generated by the second radiator 223 .
  • the current on the first radiator 222 is larger and the SAR value is higher. Therefore, the second radiator 222 has a higher SAR value.
  • the length of a radiator 222 can be greater than the length of the second radiator 223, so that the resonant frequency band produced by the first radiator 222 can be lower than the resonant frequency band produced by the second radiator 223, wherein the length can be understood as an electrical length or a physical length .
  • the resonant frequency band generated by the first radiator 222 can be used to expand the low-frequency communication frequency band of the antenna structure, so that the antenna structure can work in more communication frequency bands, so as to improve user experience.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the difference between this antenna structure and the antenna structure shown in Figure 14 is that the third radiator is not included, and the first radiator is used as a feeding branch to feed the antenna structure, and the rest are the same as those shown in Figure 14
  • the antenna structure is the same, and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 17 is used as a comparative antenna structure in this application.
  • FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are schematic diagrams of the magnetic field distribution of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 17 respectively.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 14 uses the first induced current and the second induced current in antiphase (the phase difference is about 180°), so that the The magnetic fields of the antenna structure cancel each other out, the magnetic field distribution of the antenna structure is relatively uniform, and there are no strong points in the magnetic field area of the antenna structure, which can effectively reduce the SAR of the antenna structure.
  • Table 2 and Table 3 below are the actual measurement results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 14 and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 17 respectively.
  • Test frequency band FS efficiency SAR Normalized SAR(-4dB) B3 -4dB 1.1W/Kg 1.1W/Kg B1 -3.2dB 1.31W/Kg 1.08W/Kg B7 -3.4dB 1.02W/Kg 0.9W/Kg
  • Test frequency band FS efficiency SAR Normalized SAR(-4dB) B3 -3dB 1.99W/Kg 1.58W/Kg B1 -2.1dB 2.25W/Kg 1.45W/Kg B7 -2.8dB 2.53W/Kg 1.91W/Kg
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be in electrical or other forms.

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Abstract

本申请是实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括天线结构，利用电子设备第一位置和第二位置之间的边框作为天线结构的第一辐射体，利用电子设备第二位置和第三位置之间的边框作为天线结构的第二辐射体，边框的第二位置处开设有第一缝隙，第二辐射体和地板之间形成第二缝隙，第一辐射体在第一方向上延伸，并与第三辐射体在第二方向上间隔，第三辐射体和第一辐射体在第二方向上的投影至少部分重合，第三辐射体或第一辐射体设置有第一馈电点，第一馈电点用于为天线结构馈电。

Description

一种电子设备
本申请要求于2021年9月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111111392.5、申请名称为“一种电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信领域，尤其涉及一种电子设备。
背景技术
随着信息时代的发展，对数据速率的要求越来越高，高速诉求对天线的空中下载技术测试(over the air，OTA)诉求也在增长。用户握持手机、平板等电子设备时，人体会吸收部分电磁波，从天线性能的角度来看，人体会对部分天线的辐射效率造成影响，例如智能手机在头手(beside head with hand,BHH)状态下，对低频天线(低频可以例如，频率在1GHz以下)的辐射效率可能产生8-10dB左右的降幅，对中高频天线(中高频可以例如，频率在1GHz以上)可能产生6-8dB左右的降幅。同时，法律法规要求具有天线的电子设备，需满足电磁波吸收比值(specific absorption rate，SAR)的要求。
因此，现在对终端设备的天线设计提出的要求，既要满足高性能的OTA，又满足低SAR。
在现有的解决方案中，可以通过软件设计，智能的区分用户场景来调整天线在辐射效率和SAR之间的平衡，也可以通过多天线辅助、多天线切换来选用合适的天线或天线组合，等等，而无需改变天线本身的设计，从而保证了较高的辐射效率。因此，如何通过天线本身的设计，来同时满足辐射效率和低SAR的要求，显然是目前极为棘手的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电子设备，包括天线结构，该天线结构利用电子设备的部分边框作为辐射体，通过引入的金属枝节构造反向电流，对电流进行的微弱控制，减弱电子设备的地板上的电流对天线结构的SAR的影响。
第一方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括：天线结构，包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第三辐射体；地板，所述天线结构通过所述地板接地；边框，所述边框的一部分上依次具有第一位置，第二位置和第三位置，其中，所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的边框作为所述第一辐射体，所述第二位置和所述第三位置之间的边框作为所述第二辐射体；所述边框的第二位置处开设有第一缝隙；所述第二辐射体和所述地板之间形成第二缝隙；所述第一辐射体在第一方向上延伸，并与所述第三辐射体在第二方向上之间隔，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向，且所述第三辐射体和所述第一辐射体在所述第二方向上的投影至少部分重合；所述第三辐射体或所述第一辐射体设置有第一馈电点，所述第一馈电点用于为所述天线结构馈电。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，由第三辐射体作为馈电枝节，通过耦合的方式为第二辐射体提供能量，进而通过第二缝隙产生辐射。同时，可以通过控制第一辐射体和第三辐射体之间的耦合的能量以及控制第一辐射体和地板之间的耦合的能量，使第一辐射体上分别产生两个反向电流，两者相互抵消。第三辐射体在作为馈电枝节的同时可以在电子设备的边框上构造与地板反向电流减少地板上的电流对边框的影响，从而达到降SAR的目的。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第三辐射体设置有所述第一馈电点，所述第一馈电点设置在所述第三辐射体上远离所述第二辐射体的一端。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第一馈电点也可以设置在第一辐射体上，将第一辐射体作为馈电枝节为天线结构馈电，也可以达到相同的技术效果，本申请对此并不做限制。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二辐射体与所述第三辐射体在第三方向上间隔，且所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体在所述第三方向上的投影至少部分重合。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线结构还包括第一电容，所述第一电容的第一端与所述第三辐射体电连接，所述第一电容的第二端与所述第二辐射体电连接。结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一电容的第二端与所述第二辐射体位于所述第一缝隙的一端电连接。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一电容的第一端与所述第三辐射体靠近所述第二位置的一端电连接。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第一电容可以串联在第三辐射体和第二辐射体之间的任意位置，本申请对此并不做限制。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一电容的电容值小于或等于1pF。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，通过调整第一电容的电容值，可以控制第二辐射体由第三辐射体传递的能量，进而控制天线结构的辐射特性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第三辐射体为金属薄片。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述金属薄片的厚度小于所述边框的最小厚度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第三辐射体的电长度小于第一波长的四分之一，所述第一波长为所述天线结构的工作频段对应的波长。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，可以控制第三辐射体的电长度小于第一波长的四分之一，以使第二缝隙被充分激励，保证天线结构的辐射特性，并且可以利用第三辐射体极度不平衡的工作状态激励起天线结构的不同工作模式，拓展天线结构的带宽。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框的第一位置处开设有第三缝隙。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的所述第一辐射体为不接地的悬浮金属。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一辐射体在第一位置处不开设缝隙，所述第一辐射体在所述第一位置处与所述地板电连接。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一辐射体的长度大于所述第二 辐射体的长度。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，对于第一辐射体一端接地的结构来说，当其谐振频段高于第二辐射体的谐振频段时，第一辐射体上的电流较大，SAR值较高，因此，第一辐射体的长度可以大于第二辐射体的长度，其中，长度可以理解为电长度或物理长度，使第一辐射体产生的谐振频段可以低于第二辐射体产生的谐振频段。并且，第一辐射体产生的谐振频段可以用于拓展天线结构的低频的通信频段，使天线结构工作在更多的通信频段，以提升用户体验。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线结构还包括第二电容，所述第二电容的第一端与所述第三辐射体电连接，所述第二电容的第二端与所述第一辐射体电连接。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，通过调整第二电容的电容值，可以控制第一辐射体由第三辐射体传递的能量，进而控制天线结构的辐射特性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二电容的第二端与所述第一辐射体位于所述第一缝隙的一端电连接。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二电容的第一端与所述第三辐射体靠近所述第二位置的一端电连接。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第二电容可以串联在第三辐射体和第一辐射体之间的任意位置，本申请对此并不做限制。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二电容的电容值小于或等于1pF。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二辐射体在位于所述第一缝隙的一端与所述地板电连接，所述第二辐射体在所述第三位置与所述地板电连接。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第二辐射体与地板形成缝隙天线向外辐射能量。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线结构还包括调谐器；所述调谐器的一端与所述第二辐射体位于所述第一缝隙的一端电连接，所述调谐器的另一端与所述地板电连接，用于切换所述天线结构的工作频段。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，调谐器可以用于切换与第二辐射体电连接的不同电子元件，以切换天线结构的谐振点，从而使天线结构工作在不同的频段。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的示意图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备100的结构示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的天线结构的工作模式的示意图。
图4是图2所示的天线结构的S参数仿真图。
图5是图2所示的天线结构的史密斯圆图。
图6是图2所示的天线结构在1.8GHz的电流分布示意图。
图7是图2所示的天线结构在2.3GHz的电流分布示意图。
图8是图2所示的天线结构在1.8GHz的方向图。
图9是图2所示的天线结构在2.3GHz的方向图。
图10为电子设备沿第二方向的横截面示意图。
图11是本申请实施例提供的电流分布示意图。
图12是图2所示的天线结构的磁场分布示意图。
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图。
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备200的结构示意图。
图15是图14所示的天线结构的S参数仿真图。
图16是本申请实施例提供的电流分布示意图。
图17是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图。
图18是图14所示的天线结构的磁场分布示意图。
图19是图17所示的天线结构的磁场分布示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
应理解，在本申请中“电连接”可理解为元器件物理接触并电导通；也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式；也可理解为通过间接耦合的方式，隔空电导通。“耦合”可理解为通过间接耦合的方式隔空电导通，其中，本领域人员可以理解的是，耦合现象即指两个或两个以上的电路元件或电网络的输入与输出之间存在紧密配合与相互影响，并通过相互作用从一侧向另一侧传输能量的现象。“连接”、“相连”均可以指一种机械连接关系或物理连接关系，例如，A与B连接或A与B相连可以指，A与B之间存在紧固的构件(如螺钉、螺栓、铆钉等)，或者A与B相互接触且A与B难以被分离。
天线方向图：也称辐射方向图。是指在离天线一定距离处，天线辐射场的相对场强(归一化模值)随方向变化的图形，通常采用通过天线最大辐射方向上的两个相互垂直的平面方向图来表示。
天线方向图通常都有多个辐射波束。其中辐射强度最大的辐射波束称为主瓣，其余的辐射波束称为副瓣或旁瓣。在副瓣中，与主瓣相反方向上的副瓣也叫后瓣。
天线回波损耗：可以理解为经过天线电路反射回天线端口的信号功率与天线端口发射功率的比值。反射回来的信号越小，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越大，天线的辐射效率越大。反射回来的信号越大，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越小，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线回波损耗可以用S11参数来表示，S11属于S参数中的一种。S11表示反射系数，此参数能够表征天线发射效率的优劣。S11参数通常为负数，S11参数越小，表示天线回波损耗越小，天线本身反射回来的能量越小，也就是代表实际上进入天线的能量就越多，天线的系统效率越高；S11参数越大，表示天线回波损耗越大，天线的系统效率越低。
需要说明的是，工程上一般以S11值为-4dB作为标准，当天线的S11值小于-4dB时，可以认为该天线可正常工作，或可认为该天线的发射效率较好。
史密斯(Smith)圆图：是在反射系散平面上标绘有归一化输入阻抗(或导纳)等值圆族的计算图。该图由三个圆系构成，用以在传输线和某些波导问题中利用图解法求解，以避免繁琐的运算。
天线隔离度：是指一个天线发射信号，通过另一个天线接收的信号与该发射天线信号的比值。隔离度是用来衡量天线互耦程度大小的物理量。假定两个天线构成一个双端口网络，那么两个天线之间的隔离度就是天线之间的S21、S12。天线隔离度可以用S21、S12参数表示。S21、S12参数通常为负数。S21、S12参数越小，表示天线之间的隔离度越大，天线互耦程度越小；S21、S12参数越大，表示天线之间的隔离度越小，天线互耦程度越大。天线的隔离度取决于天线辐射方向图、天线的空间距离、天线增益等。
地(地板)：可泛指电子设备(比如手机)内任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层等的至少一部分，或者上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地部件等的任意组合的至少一部分，“地”可用于电子设备内元器件的接地。一个实施例中，“地”可以是电子设备的电路板的接地层，也可以是电子设备中框形成的接地板或屏幕下方的金属薄膜形成的接地金属层。一个实施例中，电路板可以是印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)，例如具有8、10、12、13或14层导电材料的8层、10层或12至14层板，或者通过诸如玻璃纤维、聚合物等之类的介电层或绝缘层隔开和电绝缘的元件。一个实施例中，电路板包括介质基板、接地层和走线层，走线层和接地层通过过孔进行电连接。一个实施例中，诸如显示器、触摸屏、输入按钮、发射器、处理器、存储器、电池、充电电路、片上系统(system on chip，SoC)结构等部件可以安装在电路板上或连接到电路板；或者电连接到电路板中的走线层和/或接地层。例如，射频源设置于走线层。
上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层由导电材料制得。一个实施例中，该导电材料可以采用以下材料中的任一者：铜、铝、不锈钢、黄铜和它们的合金、绝缘基片上的铜箔、绝缘基片上的铝箔、绝缘基片上的金箔、镀银的铜、绝缘基片上的镀银铜箔、绝缘基片上的银箔和镀锡的铜、浸渍石墨粉的布、涂覆石墨的基片、镀铜的基片、镀黄铜的基片和镀铝的基片。本领域技术人员可以理解，接地层/接地板/接地金属层也可由其它导电材料制得。
本申请提供的技术方案适用于采用以下一种或多种通信技术的电子设备：蓝牙(blue-tooth，BT)通信技术、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)通信技术、无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)通信技术、全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)通信技术、宽频码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)通信技术、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信技术、5G通信技术以及未来其他通信技术等。本申请实施例中的电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、智能家居、智能手环、智能手表、智能头盔、智能眼镜等。电子设备还可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助手(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备，5G网络中的电子设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的电子设备等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。图1示例性示出了本申请提供的电子设备，以电子设备为手机进行说明。
如图1所示，电子设备10可以包括：盖板(cover)13、显示屏/模组(display)15、印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)17、中框(middle frame)19和后盖(rear cover)21。应理解，在一些实施例中，盖板13可以是玻璃盖板(cover glass)，也可以被替换为 其他材料的盖板，例如超薄玻璃材料盖板，PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)材料盖板等。
其中，盖板13可以紧贴显示模组15设置，可主要用于对显示模组15起到保护、防尘作用。
在一个实施例中，显示模组15可以包括液晶显示面板(liquid crystal display，LCD)，发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)显示面板或者有机发光半导体(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)显示面板等，本申请对此并不做限制。
中框19主要起整机的支撑作用。图1中示出PCB17设于中框19与后盖21之间，应可理解，在一个实施例中，PCB17也可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请对此并不做限制。其中，印刷电路板PCB17可以采用耐燃材料(FR-4)介质板，也可以采用罗杰斯(Rogers)介质板，也可以采用Rogers和FR-4的混合介质板，等等。这里，FR-4是一种耐燃材料等级的代号，Rogers介质板是一种高频板。PCB17上承载电子元件，例如，射频芯片等。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17上可以设置一金属层。该金属层可用于印刷电路板PCB17上承载的电子元件接地，也可用于其他元件接地，例如支架天线、边框天线等，该金属层可以称为地板，或接地板，或接地层。在一个实施例中，该金属层可以通过在PCB17中的任意一层介质板的表面蚀刻金属形成。在一个实施例中，用于接地的该金属层可以设置在印刷电路板PCB17上靠近中框19的一侧。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17的边缘可以看作其接地层的边缘。可以在一个实施例中，金属中框19也可用于上述元件的接地。电子设备10还可以具有其他地板/接地板/接地层，如前所述，此处不再赘述。
其中，电子设备10还可以包括电池(图中未示出)。电池可以设置于设于中框19与后盖21之间，或者可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请对此并不做限制。在一些实施例中，PCB17分为主板和子板，电池可以设于所述主板和所述子板之间，其中，主板可以设置于中框19和电池的上边沿之间，子板可以设置于中框19和电池的下边沿之间。
电子设备10还可以包括边框11，边框11可以由金属等导电材料形成。边框11可以设于显示模组15和后盖21之间并绕电子设备10的外围周向延伸。边框11可以具有包围显示模组15的四个侧边，帮助固定显示模组15。在一种实现方式中，金属材料制成的边框11可以直接用作电子设备10的金属边框，形成金属边框的外观，适用于金属工业设计(industrial design，ID)。在另一种实现方式中，边框11的外表面还可以为非金属材料，例如塑料边框，形成非金属边框的外观，适用于非金属ID。
中框19可以包括边框11，包括边框11的中框19作为一体件，可以对整机中的电子器件起支撑作用。盖板13、后盖21分别沿边框的上下边沿盖合从而形成电子设备的外壳或壳体(housing)。在一个实施例中，盖板13、后盖21、边框11和/或中框19，可以统称为电子设备10的外壳或壳体。应可理解，“外壳或壳体”可以用于指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任一个的部分或全部，或者指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任意组合的部分或全部。
或者，可以不将边框11看做中框19的一部分。在一个实施例中，边框11可以和中框19连接并一体成型。在另一实施例中，边框11可以包括向内延伸的突出件，以与中框19相连，例如，通过弹片、螺丝、焊接等方式相连。边框11的突出件还可以用来接收馈 电信号，使得边框11的至少一部分作为天线的辐射体收/发射频信号。作为辐射体的这一部分边框，与中框30之间可以存在间隙42，从而保证天线辐射体具有良好的辐射环境，使得天线具有良好的信号传输功能。
其中，后盖21可以是金属材料制成的后盖，也可以是非导电材料制成的后盖，如玻璃后盖、塑料后盖等非金属后盖。
图1仅示意性的示出了电子设备10包括的一些部件，这些部件的实际形状、实际大小和实际构造不受图1限定。
应理解，在本申请中，可以认为电子设备的显示屏所在的面为正面，后盖所在的面为背面，边框所在的面为侧面。
应理解，在本申请中，认为用户握持(通常是竖向并面对屏幕握持)电子设备时，电子设备所在的方位具有顶部、底部、左侧部和右侧部。
SAR是计量多少无线电频率辐射能量被身体所实际吸收的表示单位，称作特殊吸收比率，以瓦特/每千克(W/kg)或毫瓦/每克(mW/g)来表示。SAR的准确定义是：给定的物质密度(ρ—人体组织密度)下的单位体积单元(dv)单位物质(dm)吸收的单位能量(dw)相对于时之间取导数。
目前国际通用的标准有两个，一个是欧洲标准2w/kg，一个是美国标准1.6w/kg，以欧洲标准来讲其具体含义是指，以6分钟为计时，每公斤人体组织吸收的电磁辐射能量不得超过2瓦。
就人体而言，暴露在30-300MHz频率范围内人体会非常有效地吸收电磁能量。所以对于频率范围之外的，比如现用的移动终端产品都是采用SAR的限值范围，其被写入很多市场法规条陈，一旦超出可能有法律风险，所以SAR是所有设计者都必须遵守的一个门限值。于是就涌现了很多SAR相关的控制手段，例如，电子设备可以采用智能切换，通过识别天线的各种状态，通过控制天线的发射功率降SAR。或者，也可以通过构造无源结构，或，增大天线的辐射体的尺寸，及通过增大辐射口径来降SAR，但这类方案由于尺寸过大，在电子设备日益紧张的内部空之间的状况下，实际的实用性很差。
本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，例如终端设备，包括天线结构，该天线结构包括终端设备的部分边框，以及在壳体内设置的金属枝节，其中该部分边框作为辐射体，通过金属枝节来影响终端设备的边框和地板上的电流分布，以减弱地板上的电流对天线结构的SAR的影响。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备100的结构示意图。
如图2所示，电子设备100可以包括边框11、天线结构120和地板110。
其中，边框11的一部分上，依次设置第一位置101，第二位置102和第三位置103。第一位置101和第二位置102之间的边框11作为天线结构120的第一辐射体122，第二位置102和第三位置103之间的边框11作为天线结构120的第二辐射体123。天线结构120可以包括设置于电子设备100的壳体内的第三辐射体121。边框11的第二位置102处开设有第一缝隙131，第二辐射体123和地板110之间形成第二缝隙132。第一辐射体122在第一方向上延伸，并和第三辐射体121在第二方向上间隔，第二方向垂直于第一方向，且第三辐射体121和第一辐射体122在第二方向上的投影至少部分重合。第三辐射体121设置有第一馈电点141，第一馈电点141与馈电单元142电连接或耦合连接，用于为天线 结构120馈电。本申请中的“在第一方向上延伸”应理解为辐射体呈直条形且该直条形在第一方向上延伸，或者辐射体呈弯折形且该弯折形的至少一部分或整体在第一方向上延伸。本申请中的“第二方向上间隔”应理解为辐射体的整体在第二方向上均未接触，包括均匀的间隔开，或者不均匀的间隔开。
应可理解，本申请中的“第一位置”、“第二位置”、“第三位置”应包括边框的一个点，和/或边框的一段。例如，“边框11的第二位置102处开设有第一缝隙131”可以理解为，该第二位置102包括边框上的该第一缝隙131，或者该第二位置102是该第一缝隙131处。又例如，“第二辐射体123在第三位置103与地板110电连接”可以理解为，该第三位置103为边框上的一个点或边框上的一段，第二辐射体123包括该第三位置103，并在该第三位置接地，可以具体是第二辐射体123在该第三位置处向内延伸以与地板110电连接，或者具体是第二辐射体123在该第三位置处连接弹片或拧紧结构，该弹片或拧紧结构与地板110电连接。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121在第一方向上延伸，或者第三辐射体121的部分边缘在第一方向上延伸。例如，第三辐射体121上靠近第一辐射体122的边缘在第一方向上延伸。
应理解，本申请实施例为表述的简洁，仅以第三辐射体121作为馈电枝节为例进行说明，在实际应用中，第一馈电点141也可以设置在第一辐射体122上，将第一辐射体122作为馈电枝节为天线结构120馈电，也可以达到相同的技术效果，本申请对此并不做限制。同时，在本申请中，地板110可以理解为上述任意一种地板，或者，与上述任意一种地板电连接的金属层。
在一个实施例中，第一馈电点141可以设置在第三辐射体121远离第二辐射体123的一端。本申请中提到的“辐射体的一端/第一端/第二端”(例如，第三辐射体121的一端)并不能狭义的理解为一定是一个点，还可以认为是第三辐射体121上包括端点的一段辐射体区域，例如，当第三辐射体121的长度为L时，可以认为第三辐射体121的一端是距离端点处1/4L以内的区域。在一个实施例中，“辐射体的一端/第一端/第二端”可以是距离其端点处5mm以内的区域，或者2mm以内的区域。在一个实施例中，第一馈电点141设置在第一辐射体122的第一端，第一辐射体122的第一端为靠近第一位置101的一端。
在本申请实施例提供的天线结构120中，由第三辐射体121作为馈电枝节，通过电连接或耦合的方式为第二辐射体123馈电，从而使第二辐射体123产生辐射。第一辐射体122和第三辐射体121之间间隔并耦合，第一辐射体122和地板110之间间隔并耦合。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121与第二辐射体123的电流基本同向，地板110的电流与第二辐射体123的电流基本反向。因此第三辐射体121和地板110，分别使得第一辐射体122上产生反向的电流，两者至少可以部分抵消。第三辐射体在作为馈电枝节的同时在电子设备的边框上产生感应电流，与地板在该边框上产生的感应电流基本反向，可以减少地板110上的电流对边框11的影响，从而达到降SAR的目的。其中，电流基本同向可以理解为电流的主要方向(例如，大于70％的电流)相同。电流基本反向可以理解为电流的主要方向(例如，大于70％的电流)相反。同时，电流的主要方向同向和电流的主要方向相反，并不是指空间意义上的相同或相反的方向，由于电子设备内部的空间布局，辐射体的形状可能不是规则的矩形，可以为折线型，电流的方向可以理解为其矢量方向，当弯折部分不 存在电流的反向点(零点)，则辐射体弯折并不改变电流的方向。
应可理解，天线结构120可以具有多个工作模式，上述对电流分布的分析可以仅应用于其中一个或多个工作模式，而不要求应用在每个工作模式上。本申请对此不做限制。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121的电长度可以小于第一波长的四分之一，第一波长为天线结构120的工作频段对应的波长，其中天线结构120的工作频段对应的波长可以认为是天线结构120所支持频段的中心频率对应的波长，或者，也可以认为是天线结构120的工作频段内产生的谐振点对应的波长。电长度可以是指，物理长度(即机械长度或几何长度)乘以电或电磁信号在媒介中的传输时间与这一信号在自由空间中通过跟媒介物理长度一样的距离时所需的时间的比来表示，电长度可以满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022118906-appb-000001
其中，L为物理长度，a为电或电磁信号在媒介中的传输时间，b为在自由空间中的传输时间。
或者，电长度也可以是指物理长度(即机械长度或几何长度)与所传输电磁波的波长之比，电长度可以满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022118906-appb-000002
其中，L为物理长度，λ为电磁波的波长。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121产生的谐振位于天线结构120的工作频段内，或者，通过一些方式(例如，增加匹配电路)将第三辐射体121产生的谐振调整至天线结构120的工作频段内。在天线结构120中，第一辐射体123作为主要辐射体，第三辐射体121作为馈电枝节，参与天线结构120在第一工作频段内的辐射较弱，因此，第三辐射体121与第一辐射体123的能量分配比极不均衡。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121在天线结构120的第一工作频段内不产生谐振，且第三辐射体121的的谐振频率高于天线结构120的第一工作频段中的最高频率，并激励第二辐射体123产生辐射。在一个实施例中，当第三辐射体121的电长度小于第一波长的四分之一，可以更充分地激励第二辐射体123，保证天线结构120的辐射特性。在一个实施例中，可以利用第三辐射体121激励起天线结构120的不同工作模式，拓展天线结构120的带宽。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121产生的谐振频率可以用以支持天线结构120在第二工作频段工作，其中第二工作频段高于第一工作频段。
如图3所示，由于第三辐射体121极度不平衡的工作状态可以激励起天线结构120两种不同工作模式。如图3中的(a)所示，为天线结构120的第一工作模式，在这种工作模式下，第三辐射体121的电流和第二辐射体123的电流在虚拟线两侧基本同向，其中，虚拟线可以是第三辐射体121和第二辐射体123之间的任意线，与第一方向垂直。如图3中的(b)所示，为天线结构120的第二工作模式，在这种工作模式下，第三辐射体121的电流和第二辐射体123的电流在虚拟线两侧基本反向。通过设置作为馈电枝节的第三辐射体121，可以增加第二辐射体123的模式，从而增加天线结构120的工作模式，扩展天线结构120的带宽。
在一个实施例中，第二辐射体123在第一缝隙131的一端与地板110电连接，第二辐 射体123在第三位置103与地板110电连接。例如，第二辐射体123在第一缝隙131的一端与地板110电连接。
在一个实施例中，边框11的第一位置101处开设有第三缝隙133。更进一步的，第一缝隙131和第三缝隙133中可以填充介质，以提升边框11的物理强度。第二缝隙132可以填充塑胶粒子，例如，耐燃材料(FR-4)或其他材料。
在一个实施例中，天线结构120还可以包括调谐器(tuner)151，调谐器151的一端与第二辐射体123在第一缝隙131的一端电连接，另一端与地板110电连接。在一个实施例中，第二辐射体123通过调谐器在工作频段产生谐振。在一个实施例中，调谐器151可以用于对天线结构120产生的单个谐振进行调整。在一个实施例中，第二辐射体123通过调谐器切换与不同电子元件的电连接关系，以改变天线结构120的谐振频段，从而使天线结构120工作在不同的频段范围。
天线结构120中的第三辐射体121通过与第二辐射体123电连接或者耦合的方式为第二辐射体123馈电。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121和第二辐射体123在一方向上间隔，且第三辐射体121和第二辐射体123在该方向上的投影至少部分重合，以提供上述耦合的方式。应可理解，第三辐射体121和第二辐射体123间隔的方向可以是上述第一方向，或第二方向，或其他任意方向，根据电子设备壳体内的空间布局而设，本申请不做任何限制。
在一个实施例中，天线结构120还可以包括电容152，电容152可以串联在第三辐射体121和第二辐射体123之间，电容152的一端与第三辐射体121电连接，另一端与第二辐射体123电连接，例如，电容152的一端可以与第二辐射体123在第一缝隙131的一端电连接，电容152的另一端可以与第三辐射体121的一端电连接。在一个实施例中，通过调整电容152的电容值，可以控制第二辐射体123由第三辐射体121传递的能量，进而控制天线结构120的辐射特性。在一个实施例中，电容152的电容值小于或等于1pF。在本申请实施例中，仅以电容152的电容值为0.2pF为例进行说明，在实际的应用中，可以根据生产或设计需求进行调整，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，天线结构还可以包括电容153，电容153可以串联在第三辐射体121和第一辐射体122之间，电容153的第一端与第三辐射体121电连接，第二端与第一辐射体122电连接。在一个实施例中，电容153的第二端可以与第一辐射体122在第一缝隙131的一端电连接。在一个实施例中，电容153的第一端可以与第三辐射体121靠近第二位置102的一端电连接。在一个实施例中，通过调整电容153的电容值，可以控制第一辐射体122由第三辐射体121传递的能量，进而控制天线结构120的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121可以具有朝向第二辐射体123弯折的部分，和/或第二辐射体123可以具有朝向第三辐射体121弯折的部分，以在弯折的部分提供上述电连接或者耦合的方式。
图4至图9是图2所示的天线结构的仿真结果图。其中，图4是图2所示的天线结构的S参数仿真图。图5是图2所示的天线结构的史密斯圆图。图6是图2所示的天线结构在1.8GHz的电流分布示意图。图7是图2所示的天线结构在2.3GHz的电流分布示意图。图8是图2所示的天线结构在1.8GHz的方向图。图9是图2所示的天线结构在2.3GHz的方向图。
应理解，为了论述的简洁，本申请实施例以LTE中的B1频段为例进行说明，并不限制本申请所提供的技术方案应用的通信频段。
如图4所示，以S11小于-4dB为界限，天线结构的谐振频段可以包括1.86-2.32GHz，可以包括LTE中B1频段的发射频段(1920-1980MHz)和接收频段(2110-2170MHz)，使电子设备可以在B1频段正常工作。
如图5所示，在史密斯圆图中，频点1.78GHz和2.44GHz分别位于零轴两侧，通常认为曲线穿过零轴一次，天线结构就具有一种工作模式，因此，天线结构就有两种工作模式，与图3所示的天线结构的工作模式对应。
如图6所示，为天线结构在1.8GHz的电流分布示意图，第三辐射体121的电流和第二辐射体123的电流在虚拟线两侧基本同向，对应于图3中的(a)所示的天线结构的第一工作模式。因此，天线结构的第一工作模式产生的谐振主要位于天线结构的工作频段中的低频段，可以包括B1频段的发射频段(1920-1980MHz)。
如图7所示，为天线结构在2.3GHz的电流分布示意图，第三辐射体121的电流和第二辐射体123的电流在虚拟线两侧基本反向，对应于图3中的(b)所示的天线结构的第二工作模式。因此，天线结构的第一工作模式产生的谐振主要位于天线结构的工作频段中的高频段，可以包括B1频段的接收频段(2110-2170MHz)。
如图8和图9所示，由于天线结构的第一工作模式和第二工作模式的电流分布不同，天线结构在1.8GHz和2.3GHz的最大辐射方向基本垂直，因此，天线结构的第一工作模式和第二工作模式所覆盖的方向不同。在一个实施例中，可以根据用户的不同手持方式，调整天线结构的最大辐射方向，有效提升用户体验，避免由于用户手持姿势引起的信号衰弱。
图10和图11是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的示意图。其中，图10为电子设备沿第二方向的横截面示意图。图11是本申请实施例提供的电流分布示意图。
如图10所示，第三辐射体121在第三方向上位于地板110和电子设备的后盖21之间，其中，第三方向是电子设备的厚度方向。举例说明，第三辐射体121与后盖21之间的间距小于地板110与后盖21之间的间距。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121在第三方向上位于地板110和电子设备的玻璃盖板13之间。举例说明，第三辐射体121与玻璃盖板13之间的间距小于地板110与玻璃盖板13之间的间距。应可理解，第三辐射体121可以在该第三方向上与地板110部分错开或完全错开。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121可以设置在地板110和电子设备的后盖21/玻璃盖板13之间的支架上，例如通过在支架中内嵌钢片形成第三辐射体121，或例如在支架上通过激光直接成型技术(laser-direct-structuring，LDS)形成第三辐射体121。第三辐射体121也可以通过其他方式实现，例如，悬浮金属(floating metal，FLM)，柔性电路板(flexible printed circuit，FPC)等形式实现，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121为金属薄片，例如钢片，金属薄片延着地板110的延伸方向设置。金属薄片的厚度小于边框11的厚度，例如，小于边框11最窄处的厚度。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体121可以呈矩形，折线型，U型或不规则形状，本申请对此并不做限制。在一个实施例中，可以根据地板110、第一辐射体122和第二辐射体123与第三辐射体121之间的相对位置，调整第三辐射体121的形状，大小、厚度等，以有效 利用电子设备的内部空间。在一个实施例中，还可以根据实际的生产或设计需求调整第三辐射体121的形状，大小，厚度，或电长度等参数，以使第三辐射体121在第一辐射体122上产生的第二感应电流的幅度与上述第一感应电流的幅度大致相同，有效降低天线结构的SAR。
应理解，SAR作为天线的发射指标，对于图2所示的天线结构来说，其发射频段(1920-1980MHz)对应的工作模式为第一工作模式，如图3中的(a)所示。
如图11所示，边框11的第一位置和第二位置开设有第一缝隙和第三缝隙，在这种情况下，第一辐射体122为悬浮枝节，其两端不与地板110电连接。对第一辐射体122来说，第一辐射体122的电流主要来源有两部分，一部分是由于天线结构的辐射枝节(第二辐射体123)在地板110上产生的电流，进而在第一辐射体122上引起的第一感应电流，第一感应电流与第二辐射体123上的电流基本同向，另一部分是由于天线结构的馈电枝节(第三辐射体121)在第一辐射体122上引起的第二感应电流，第二感应电流与第三辐射体121上的电流基本反向。即第一辐射体122上同时存在第一感应电流和第二感应电流，且第一感应电流和第二感应电流的方向相反。当第一感应电流的幅度和第二感应电流的幅度接近时，呈现的结果是至少部分电流的相互抵消，出现的是电流的零点，由于磁场本身是由电流产生的，在这种天线结构中，反相(相位相差约180°)的第一感应电流和第二感应电流产生的磁场则会相互抵消，会出现磁场的零点(或接近零点)，进而降低天线结构的SAR。
应理解，本申请实施例提供的天线结构利用电子设备的部分边框作为辐射体，在天线结构的设计中，可以通过调节第三辐射体121的相对位置及第三辐射体121和第二辐射体123之间的电容的电容值，调节第三辐射体121的相对位置即调节地板110、第一辐射体122和第二辐射体123与第三辐射体121之间的相对位置，使由于第三辐射体121在第一辐射体122上产生的第二感应电流的幅度与上述第一感应电流的幅度相同，有效降低天线结构的SAR。
在一个实施例中，对于第一辐射体122来说，其在第二辐射体123产生的谐振频段用于使第一感应电流和第二感应电流至少部分抵消，而第一辐射体122在第二辐射体123产生的谐振频段内并不产生谐振。在一个实施例中，第一辐射体122产生的谐振频段可以设置在第二辐射体123产生的谐振频段外。对应的，第一辐射体122的长度可以与第二辐射体123的长度不同，第一辐射体122的长度可以大于或小于第二辐射体123的长度，第一辐射体122产生的谐振频段可以高于或低于第二辐射体123产生的谐振频段，其中，长度可以理解为电长度或物理长度。
在一个实施例中，第一辐射体122产生的谐振频段可以用于拓展天线结构的通信频段，使天线结构工作在更多的通信频段，以提升用户体验。
在一个实施例中，以下关于第三辐射体121的设置位置，都会影响第三辐射体121在第一辐射体122上产生的第二感应电流的幅度：1、第三辐射体121和第一辐射体122之间的距离L1，如图10所示。2、在第一方向和第二方向构成的平面中，第三辐射体121与第一辐射体122所呈角度α，即第三辐射体121正对第一辐射体122的面积。3、第三辐射体121与第一辐射体122之间的介质。本申请对此并不做限制，上述仅作为举例使用。
图12是图2所示的天线结构的磁场分布示意图。
如图12所示，利用反相(相位相差约180°)的第一感应电流和第二感应电流产生的磁场则会相互抵消，在电子设备外侧，靠近第一辐射体的附近磁场具有零点(接近于零点)，并且天线结构的磁场并不存在强点，可以有效降低天线结构的SAR。
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图。
如图13所示，该天线结构与图2所示的天线结构的区别仅在于不包括第三辐射体，由第一辐射体作为馈电枝节为天线结构馈电，其余均与图2所示的天线结构相同，图13所示的天线结构在本申请中作为对比的天线结构。
下表1为图2所示天线结构和图13所示的天线结构的实测结果。
表1
  图2所示天线结构 图13所示天线结构
自由空间(free space，FS)效率 -1.23dB -2.1dB
SAR 2W/Kg 2.65W/Kg
归一化SAR(-4dB) 1.06W/Kg 1.75W/Kg
如上表1所示，本申请实施例提供的天线结构(图2所示天线结构)在相同的条件下，其SAR值相较于对比的天线结构(图13所示的天线结构)，得到大幅改善。
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备200的结构示意图。
如图14所示，电子设备200可以包括边框11，地板210和天线结构220。
边框11的一部分上，依次设置第一位置201，第二位置202和第三位置203。第一位置201和第二位置202之间的边框11作为天线结构220的第一辐射体222，第二位置202和第三位置203之间的边框11作为天线结构220的第二辐射体223。边框11的第二位置202处开设有第一缝隙231，第二辐射体223和地板210之间形成第二缝隙232。第一辐射体222在第一位置201处不开设缝隙，第一辐射体222在第一位置201处与地板210电连接。第二辐射体223在第三位置203处不开设缝隙，第二辐射体222在第三位置203处与地板210电连接。天线结构220可以包括设置于电子设备200的壳体内的第三辐射体221。第一辐射体222在第一方向上延伸，并和第三辐射体221在第二方向上间隔，第二方向垂直于第一方向，且第三辐射体221和第一辐射体222在第二方向上的投影至少部分重合。第三辐射体221设置有第一馈电点241，第一馈电点241与馈电单元242电连接，用于为天线结构220馈电。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体221在第一方向上延伸，或者第三辐射体221的部分边缘在第一方向上延伸。例如，第三辐射体221上靠近第一辐射体222的边缘在第一方向上延伸。
天线结构120中的第三辐射体221通过与第二辐射体223电连接或者耦合的方式为第二辐射体223馈电。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体221和第二辐射体223在一方向上间隔，且第三辐射体221和第二辐射体223在该方向上的投影至少部分重合，以提供上述耦合的方式。应可理解，第三辐射体221和第二辐射体223间隔的方向可以是上述第一方向，或第二方向，或其他任意方向，根据电子设备壳体内的空间布局而设，本申请不做任何限制。
在一个实施例中，天线结构220还可以包括第一电容251，第一电容251可以串联在第三辐射体221和第二辐射体223之间，第一电容251的第一端与第三辐射体221电连接， 第二端与第二辐射体223电连接。在一个实施例中，第一电容251的第一端与第三辐射体221靠近第二位置202的一端电连接。在一个实施例中，第一电容251的第二端可以与第二辐射体223在第一缝隙231的一端电连接。在一个实施例中，通过调整第一电容251的电容值，可以控制第二辐射体223由第三辐射体221传递的能量，进而控制天线结构220的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，第一电容251的电容值小于或等于1pF。在本申请实施例中，仅以第一电容251的电容值为0.2pF为例进行说明，在实际的应用中，可以根据生产或设计需求进行调整，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体221可以具有朝向第二辐射体223弯折的部分，和/或第二辐射体223可以具有朝向第三辐射体221弯折的部分，以在弯折的部分提供上述电连接或者耦合的方式。
在本申请实施例提供的天线结构220中，由第三辐射体221作为馈电枝节，通过电连接或耦合的方式为第二辐射体223馈电，从而使第二辐射体223产生辐射。第一辐射体222和第三辐射体221之间电连接或耦合，第一辐射体222在第一位置201处和地板210之间电连接。在一个实施例中，第三辐射体221与第二辐射体223的电流基本同向，地板110的电流与第二辐射体123的电流基本反向。因此第三辐射体121和地板110，分别使得第一辐射体122上产生反向的感应电流，两者至少可以部分抵消。第三辐射体在作为馈电枝节的同时在电子设备的边框上产生电流，与地板在该边框上产生的电流基本反向，可以减少地板110上的电流对边框11的影响，从而达到降SAR的目的。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体221与第一辐射体222通过间隔一定距离，以提供上述耦合的方式。
在一个实施例中，天线结构220还可以包括第二电容252，第二电容252可以串联在第三辐射体221和第一辐射体222之间，第二电容252的第一端与第三辐射体221电连接，第二端与第一辐射体222电连接。在一个实施例中，第二电容252的第二端可以与第一辐射体222在第一缝隙231的一端电连接。在一个实施例中，第二电容252的第一端可以与第三辐射体221靠近第二位置202的一端电连接。在一个实施例中，通过调整第二电容252的电容值，可以控制第一辐射体222由第三辐射体221传递的能量，进而控制天线结构220的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，第二电容252的电容值小于或等于1pF。在本申请实施例中，仅以第二电容252的电容值为0.2pF为例进行说明，在实际的应用中，可以根据生产或设计需求进行调整，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体221可以具有朝向第一辐射体222弯折的部分，和/或第一辐射体222可以具有朝向第三辐射体221弯折的部分，以在弯折的部分提供上述电连接或者耦合的方式。
在一个实施例中，天线结构220还可以包括调谐器253，调谐器253的一端与第二辐射体223在第一缝隙231的一端电连接，另一端与地板210电连接，可以用于切换与第二辐射体223电连接的不同电子元件，以改变天线结构120的谐振，从而使天线结构120工作在不同的频段。应理解，调谐器253也可以设置在第三位置203处连接在地板310和第二辐射体223之间，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，第三辐射体221的电长度可以小于第一波长的四分之一，第一波长为天线结构220的工作频段对应的波长。第三辐射体221产生的谐振位于天线结构220的工作频段内，或者，通过一些方式(例如，增加匹配电路)将第三辐射体221产生的谐振调整至天线结构220的工作频段内。与前述实施例类似，此处不再赘述。
应可理解，第三辐射体221在电子设备中的相对位置设置(例如，地板110和电子设备的后盖21/玻璃盖板13之间)，或者其实现形式(例如，支架内嵌钢片、LDS、悬浮金属、柔性电路板等)，或者其形状等，和前述实施例类似，此处不再赘述。
图15是图14所示的天线结构的S参数仿真图。
如图15所示，以S11小于-4dB为界限，天线结构的谐振频段可以包括LTE中B1频段的发射频段(1920-1980MHz)和接收频段(2110-2170MHz)，使电子设备可以在B1频段正常工作。
图16是本申请实施例提供的电流分布示意图。
如图16所示，边框11在第二位置开设有第一缝隙，第一辐射体222在第一位置与地板210电连接。对第一辐射体222来说，第一辐射体222的电流主要来源有两部分，一部分是由于天线结构的辐射枝节(第二辐射体223)在地板210上产生的电流，进而在第一辐射体222上引起的第一感应电流，第一感应电流与第二辐射体223上的电流基本同向，另一部分是由于天线结构的馈电枝节(第三辐射体221)在第一辐射体222上引起的第二感应电流，第二感应电流与第三辐射体221上的电流基本反向。即第一辐射体222上同时存在第一感应电流和第二感应电流，且第一感应电流和第二感应电流的方向相反。当第一感应电流的幅度和第二感应电流的幅度接近时，呈现的结果是电流的至少部分抵消，出现的是电流的零点，由于磁场本身是由电流产生的，在这种天线结构中，反相(相位相差约180°)的第一感应电流和第二感应电流产生的磁场则会在相互抵消，会出现磁场的零点(或接近零点)，进而降低天线结构的SAR。
在一个实施例中，对于第一辐射体222来说，其在第二辐射体223产生的谐振频段用于使第一感应电流和第二感应电流至少部分抵消，因此，第一辐射体222在第二辐射体223产生的谐振频段内并不产生谐振，第一辐射体222产生的谐振频段应设置在第二辐射体223产生的谐振频段外。并且，对于第一辐射体222一端接地的结构来说，当其谐振频段高于第二辐射体223的谐振频段时，第一辐射体222上的电流较大，SAR值较高，因此，第一辐射体222的长度可以大于第二辐射体223的长度，使第一辐射体222产生的谐振频段可以低于第二辐射体223产生的谐振频段，其中，长度可以理解为电长度或物理长度。并且，第一辐射体222产生的谐振频段可以用于拓展天线结构的低频的通信频段，使天线结构工作在更多的通信频段，以提升用户体验。
图17是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图。
如图17所示，该天线结构与图14所示的天线结构的区别仅在于不包括第三辐射体，由第一辐射体作为馈电枝节为天线结构馈电，其余均与图14所示的天线结构相同，图17所示的天线结构在本申请中作为对比的天线结构。
图18和图19分别是图14和图17所示的天线结构的磁场分布示意图。
如图18和图19所示，相较于图17所示的天线结构，图14所示的天线结构利用反相(相位相差约180°)的第一感应电流和第二感应电流，使产生的磁场相互抵消，天线结 构产生的磁场分布较为均匀，并且在天线结构的磁场几种区域并不存在强点，可以有效降低天线结构的SAR。
下表2和表3分别为图14所示天线结构和图17所示的天线结构的实测结果。
表2(图14所示天线结构)
测试频段 FS效率 SAR 归一化SAR(-4dB)
B3 -4dB 1.1W/Kg 1.1W/Kg
B1 -3.2dB 1.31W/Kg 1.08W/Kg
B7 -3.4dB 1.02W/Kg 0.9W/Kg
表3(图17所示天线结构)
测试频段 FS效率 SAR 归一化SAR(-4dB)
B3 -3dB 1.99W/Kg 1.58W/Kg
B1 -2.1dB 2.25W/Kg 1.45W/Kg
B7 -2.8dB 2.53W/Kg 1.91W/Kg
如上表2和表3所示，本申请实施例提供的天线结构相同的条件下，其SAR值相较于对比的天线结构，得到大幅改善。
本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的之间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性或其它的形式。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    天线结构，包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第三辐射体；
    地板，所述天线结构通过所述地板接地；
    边框，所述边框的一部分上依次具有第一位置，第二位置和第三位置，其中，所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的边框作为所述第一辐射体，所述第二位置和所述第三位置之间的边框作为所述第二辐射体；
    所述边框的第二位置处开设有第一缝隙；
    所述第二辐射体和所述地板之间形成第二缝隙；
    所述第一辐射体在第一方向上延伸，并与所述第三辐射体在第二方向上间隔，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向，且所述第三辐射体和所述第一辐射体在所述第二方向上的投影至少部分重合；
    所述第三辐射体或所述第一辐射体设置有第一馈电点，所述第一馈电点用于为所述天线结构馈电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述第三辐射体设置有所述第一馈电点，所述第一馈电点设置在所述第三辐射体上远离所述第二辐射体的一端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述第二辐射体与所述第三辐射体在第三方向上间隔，且所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体在所述第三方向上的投影至少部分重合。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述天线结构还包括第一电容，所述第一电容的第一端与所述第三辐射体电连接，所述第一电容的第二端与所述第二辐射体电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述第一电容的第二端与所述第二辐射体位于所述第一缝隙的一端电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一电容的电容值小于或等于1pF。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第三辐射体为金属薄片。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述金属薄片的厚度小于所述边框的最小厚度。
  9. 根据权利要求2至8中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第三辐射体的电长度小于第一波长的四分之一，所述第一波长为所述天线结构的工作频段对应的波长。
  10. 根据权利要求2至9中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述边框的第一位置处开设有第三缝隙。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的所述第一辐射体为不接地的悬浮金属。
  12. 根据权利要求2至9中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一辐射体在第一位置处不开设缝隙，所述第一辐射体在所述第一位置处与所述地板电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一辐射体的长度大于所述第二辐射体的长度。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述天线结构还包括第二电容，所述第二电容的第一端与所述第三辐射体电连接，所述第二电容的第二端与所述第一辐射体电连接。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二电容的第二端与所述第一辐射体位于所述第一缝隙的一端电连接。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二电容的电容值小于或等于1pF。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二辐射体位于所述第一缝隙的一端与所述地板电连接，所述第二辐射体在所述第三位置与所述地板电连接。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述天线结构还包括调谐器；
    所述调谐器的一端与所述第二辐射体位于所述第一缝隙的一端电连接，所述调谐器的另一端与所述地板电连接。
PCT/CN2022/118906 2021-09-18 2022-09-15 一种电子设备 Ceased WO2023040928A1 (zh)

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