WO2023045488A1 - 一种医疗设备和检测呼气末正压的方法 - Google Patents
一种医疗设备和检测呼气末正压的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023045488A1 WO2023045488A1 PCT/CN2022/103904 CN2022103904W WO2023045488A1 WO 2023045488 A1 WO2023045488 A1 WO 2023045488A1 CN 2022103904 W CN2022103904 W CN 2022103904W WO 2023045488 A1 WO2023045488 A1 WO 2023045488A1
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the medical field, in particular to a medical device and a method for detecting positive end-expiratory pressure.
- endogenous PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
- COPD patients The main type of patients who are faced with non-invasive ventilation are COPD patients, and COPD patients are also patients who often produce PEEPi clinically.
- non-invasive ventilation is to open the airway, it is impossible to measure PEEPi clinically by using the breath-holding method.
- the endogenous PEEP is generally measured by manually performing expiratory hold (closing the inspiratory valve and exhalation valve, closing the airway) so that the intrapulmonary pressure and airway pressure are balanced. This maneuver interrupts the patient's normal ventilation and often fails to measure accurately when the patient is breathing spontaneously.
- the invention mainly provides a medical device and a method for detecting the positive end-expiratory pressure, which can be applied to the detection of the positive end-expiratory pressure during invasive and non-invasive ventilation, without the need for exhalation maintenance.
- a method for detecting positive end-expiratory pressure comprising:
- the total positive end-expiratory pressure is obtained; wherein, the respiratory mechanics equation consists of at least airway pressure, gas flow rate, ventilation volume and total expiratory Positive end-air pressure is established.
- another method for detecting endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure comprising:
- An endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure is obtained according to the esophageal pressure data and the characteristic quantity.
- a medical device comprising:
- the pressure sensor collects the airway pressure of the patient during ventilation
- the flow sensor collects the gas flow rate of the patient during ventilation
- the processor is used to obtain the airway pressure of the patient through the pressure sensor; obtain the gas flow rate of the patient through the flow sensor, and obtain the ventilation volume according to the gas flow rate; according to the preset respiratory mechanics equation, and the gas flow rate
- the airway pressure, gas flow rate and ventilation volume are used to calculate the total positive end-expiratory pressure; wherein, the respiratory mechanics equation is at least constructed from the airway pressure, gas flow rate, ventilation volume and total positive end-expiratory pressure.
- another medical device including a processor, and further including a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor or an electrical impedance sensor;
- the pressure sensor is used to collect the airway pressure of the patient during ventilation
- the flow sensor is used to collect the gas flow rate of the patient during ventilation
- the carbon dioxide sensor is used to collect the carbon dioxide concentration of the patient during ventilation
- the electrical impedance sensor is used to collect chest electrical impedance data of the patient during ventilation;
- the processor is used to:
- An endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure is obtained according to the esophageal pressure data and the characteristic quantity.
- another medical device comprising:
- a processor configured to implement the above method by executing the program stored in the memory.
- a computer-readable storage medium including a program that can be executed by a processor to implement any one of the detection methods described above.
- the airway pressure and gas flow rate when the medical ventilation device is ventilating the patient are obtained, the ventilation volume is obtained according to the gas flow rate, and then according to the preset respiratory mechanics equation , and the airway pressure, gas flow rate, and ventilation volume were calculated to obtain the total positive end-expiratory pressure. It can be seen that the detection process of positive end-expiratory pressure does not require exhalation hold operation, does not interrupt the normal ventilation process, and is suitable for both invasive and non-invasive ventilation.
- Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of medical equipment provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is the schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the medical equipment provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of medical equipment provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of medical equipment provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a structural principle diagram of an embodiment of the medical device provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a structural principle diagram of an embodiment of the medical device provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a structural principle diagram of an embodiment of the medical device provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting positive end-expiratory pressure provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting positive end-expiratory pressure provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a waveform graph of airway pressure, pressure generated by respiratory muscles, gas flow rate and ventilation volume in the method shown in Fig. 8;
- Fig. 11 is a waveform graph of airway pressure, esophageal pressure, gas flow rate and carbon dioxide concentration in the method shown in Fig. 9 .
- connection and “connection” mentioned in this application all include direct and indirect connection (connection) unless otherwise specified.
- the medical device provided by the present invention can monitor the positive end-expiratory pressure in real time during the ventilation process, does not need to hold the breath, does not interrupt the normal ventilation process, and is suitable for both invasive and non-invasive ventilation.
- the pressure sensor 10 is used to collect the airway pressure of the patient during ventilation.
- the flow sensor 30 is used to collect the gas flow rate of the patient during ventilation.
- the carbon dioxide sensor 20 is used to collect the carbon dioxide concentration of the patient during ventilation.
- the electrical impedance sensor is used to collect chest electrical impedance data of the patient during ventilation.
- the medical device of the present invention can be applied to various occasions.
- the medical device of the present invention can be a monitor or a monitoring module in some embodiments, and can be a medical ventilation device in some embodiments, such as a ventilator and anesthesia machine, etc. , in some embodiments may be other medical devices with computing and processing capabilities, which will be described separately below.
- the medical device may be a monitor.
- the medical device may have an independent housing, and the housing panel may have a sensor interface area, wherein the sensor interface area may integrate multiple sensor interfaces for connection with various external physiological parameter sensor accessories 111 .
- the shell panel may also include one or more of a small LCD display area, a display 70, an input interface circuit 122, and an alarm circuit 120 (such as an LED alarm area).
- the medical equipment has an external communication interface 119 and a power interface 116 for communicating with the host of medical equipment such as patient monitors, ventilators, and anesthesia machines, and for taking power from the host of medical equipment.
- Airway pressure and gas flow rate are usually collected by sensors in the ventilator/anesthesia machine, so medical equipment can obtain the airway pressure and gas flow rate of the patient during ventilation by communicating with the ventilator/anesthesia machine.
- Medical equipment can be equipped with a carbon dioxide sensor or an electrical impedance sensor, and then can collect data such as the carbon dioxide concentration or chest electrical impedance of the patient during ventilation.
- the carbon dioxide sensor or the electrical impedance sensor can also be installed in other devices (such as a ventilator), and the medical device obtains the carbon dioxide concentration or chest electrical impedance data by communicating with other devices.
- Medical equipment can also support external parameter modules.
- the plug-in monitor host can be formed by inserting the parameter module as a part of the monitor. It can also be connected to the host through a cable.
- the external parameter module can be used as an external accessory of the monitor.
- the internal circuit of the medical device is placed in the casing, which may include one or more signal acquisition circuits 112 corresponding to physiological parameters and a front-end signal processing circuit 113.
- Oxygen circuit, non-invasive blood pressure circuit and invasive blood pressure circuit, etc., these signal acquisition circuits 112 are respectively electrically connected to corresponding sensor interfaces, and are used to electrically connect to sensor accessories 111 corresponding to different physiological parameters, and their output terminals are coupled to the front-end signal
- the processing circuit 113 , the communication port of the front-end signal processing circuit 113 is coupled to the processor 50 , and the processor 50 is electrically connected to the external communication interface 119 and the power interface 116 .
- the sensor accessories 111 and signal acquisition circuit 112 corresponding to various physiological parameters can use general-purpose circuits in the prior art.
- the front-end signal processing circuit 113 completes the sampling and analog-to-digital conversion of the output signal of the signal acquisition circuit 112, and outputs control signals to control the physiological signals. During the measurement process, these parameters include but are not limited to: ECG, respiration, body temperature, blood oxygen, non-invasive blood pressure and invasive blood pressure parameters.
- the front-end signal processing circuit 113 can be realized by a single-chip microcomputer or other semiconductor devices.
- the front-end signal processing circuit 113 can be powered by an isolated power supply. After simple processing and packaging, the sampled data is sent to the processor 50 through the isolated communication interface.
- the front-end signal processing circuit 113 can be coupled to the processor through the isolated power supply interface 114 and the communication interface 115. 50 on.
- the reason why the front-end signal processing circuit 113 is powered by the isolated power supply is that the DC/DC power supply isolated by the transformer plays the role of isolating the patient and the power supply equipment.
- the main purposes are: 1. Isolate the patient, and float the application part through the isolation transformer, Make the patient's leakage current small enough; 2. Prevent the voltage or energy during defibrillation or electrosurgical application from affecting the main control board and other intermediate circuit boards and devices (guaranteed by creepage distance and electrical clearance).
- the front-end signal processing circuit 113 can also be directly connected to the processor 50 through a cable.
- the processor 50 is used to complete the calculation of physiological parameters, and sends the calculation results and waveforms of the parameters to the host (such as a host with a display, a PC, a central station, etc.) through an external communication interface 119; It is directly connected to the external communication interface 119 for communication, and is directly connected to the power interface 116 through a cable to take power; the medical device can also include a power supply and battery management circuit 117, and the power supply and battery management circuit 117 takes the power from the host computer through the power supply interface 116.
- the power is supplied to the processor 50 after processing, such as rectification and filtering; the power and battery management circuit 117 can also monitor, manage and protect the power obtained from the host through the power interface 116.
- External communication interface 119 can be Ethernet (Ethernet), token ring (Token Ring), token bus (Token Bus) and one in the local area network interface (FDDI) that the backbone network of these three kinds of networks forms Or a combination thereof, can also be one or a combination of wireless interfaces such as infrared, bluetooth, wifi, WMTS communication, or one or a combination of wired data connection interfaces such as RS232 and USB.
- the external communication interface 119 may also be one or a combination of a wireless data transmission interface and a wired data transmission interface.
- the host can be any computer equipment such as the host of the monitor, a computer, etc., and the matching software can be installed to form a monitoring device.
- the host computer can also be a communication device, such as a mobile phone, and the medical device sends data to a mobile phone supporting Bluetooth communication through a Bluetooth interface to realize remote transmission of data.
- the processor 50 After the processor 50 completes the calculation of the physiological parameters, it can also determine whether the physiological parameters are abnormal, and if abnormal, an alarm can be issued through the alarm circuit 120 .
- the medical equipment can also be a ventilator.
- the ventilator is an artificial mechanical ventilation device, which is used to assist or control the patient's spontaneous breathing movement, so as to achieve the function of gas exchange in the lungs, reduce the consumption of the human body, and benefit Recovery of respiratory function.
- FIG. 6 shows an invasive ventilator.
- the medical device may also include a respiratory support system and a display 70 .
- the respiratory support system is used to ventilate the patient to provide respiratory support.
- the breathing support system may include: a breathing interface 211, an air source interface 212, a breathing circuit and a breathing assistance device.
- the breathing circuit selectively communicates the gas source interface 212 with the patient's breathing system.
- the breathing circuit includes an expiratory branch circuit 213a and an inspiratory branch circuit 213b, and the expiratory branch circuit 213a is connected between the respiratory interface 211 and the exhaust port 213c, and is used to discharge the breath exhaled by the patient. It is exported to the exhaust port 213c.
- the exhaust port 213c can lead to the external environment, and also can be in a dedicated gas recovery device for the channel.
- the breathing circuit includes an inspiratory branch 213b but does not require an expiratory branch 213a.
- the gas source interface 212 is used to connect with the gas source (not shown in the figure), and the gas source is used to provide gas, and this gas can generally adopt oxygen and air etc.; In some embodiments, this gas source can adopt compressed gas bottle or central
- the air supply source supplies air to the ventilator through the air source interface 212.
- the types of air supply include oxygen O2 and air, etc.
- the air source interface 212 can include a pressure gauge, a pressure regulator, a flow meter, a pressure reducing valve, and an air-oxygen ratio Conventional components such as regulating protection devices are used to control the flow of various gases (such as oxygen and air) respectively.
- the gas source can also use a turbine, and the gas is output to the gas source interface 212 through the turbine.
- the inspiratory branch 213b is connected between the respiratory interface 211 and the air source interface 212, and is used to provide oxygen or air for the patient. the patient's lungs.
- Respiratory interface 211 is used to connect the patient to the breathing circuit.
- it can also introduce the gas exhaled by the patient through the expiratory branch 213a into the patient for an invasive ventilator.
- Exhaust port 213c, and for a non-invasive ventilator it can also directly discharge the gas exhaled by the patient; according to the situation, the breathing interface 211 can be a nasal cannula or a mask for wearing on the mouth and nose.
- the breathing assistance device is connected with the gas source interface 212 and the breathing circuit, and controls the gas provided by the external gas source to be delivered to the patient through the breathing circuit; in the embodiment of the invasive ventilator, the breathing assistance device may include an exhalation controller 214a and a breathing circuit. Inhalation controller 214b, the breathing assistance device in an embodiment of a non-invasive ventilator may include an inspiratory controller 214b.
- the exhalation controller 214a is arranged on the exhalation branch 213a, and is used for turning on or closing the exhalation branch 213a according to the control command, or controlling the flow rate or pressure of the gas exhaled by the patient.
- the exhalation controller 214a may include one or more of devices capable of controlling flow or pressure, such as an exhalation valve, a one-way valve, a flow controller, and a PEEP valve.
- the suction controller 214b is arranged on the suction branch 213b, and is used for turning on the suction branch 213b or closing the suction branch 213b according to a control command, or controlling the flow rate or pressure of the output gas.
- the inhalation controller 214b may include one or more of devices capable of controlling flow or pressure, such as an exhalation valve, a one-way valve, or a flow controller.
- the memory 215 can be used to store data or programs, for example, to store data collected by the sensor, data generated by the processor through calculation, or an image frame generated by the processor.
- the image frame can be a 2D or 3D image, or the memory 215 A graphical user interface, one or more default image display settings, programming instructions for the processor may be stored.
- the memory 215 may be a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable medium such as flash memory, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, and the like.
- the processor 50 is used to execute instructions or programs, control the various control valves in the breathing assistance device, the gas source interface 212 and/or the breathing circuit, or process the received data to generate the required calculations Or judge results, or generate visualization data or graphics, and output the visualization data or graphics to the display 70 for display.
- the medical equipment is a ventilator. It should be noted that the above figure 6 is just an example of a ventilator, which is not intended to limit the structure of the ventilator.
- the medical equipment can also be an anesthesia machine, which is mainly used to provide anesthesia gas, send the anesthesia gas to the patient's respiratory system through the respirator, and control the inhalation amount of the anesthesia gas.
- the medical equipment in some embodiments may further include a respiratory support system, an anesthetic output device 330 , a memory 350 and a display 70 .
- a respiratory support system is used to ventilate a patient to provide respiratory support.
- the breathing support system may include: a breathing interface 311 , an air source interface 312 , a breathing assistance device 320 and a breathing circuit.
- the gas source interface 312 is used to connect with a gas source (not shown in the figure), and the gas source is used to provide gas.
- the gas can usually adopt oxygen, nitrous oxide (laughing gas) or air, etc.
- the gas source can be a compressed gas cylinder or a central gas supply source, which supplies gas to the anesthesia machine through the gas source interface 312, and the types of gas supply include oxygen O2, laughing gas N2O, air, etc.
- the gas source interface 312 may include conventional components such as pressure gauges, pressure regulators, flow meters, pressure reducing valves, and N2O-O2 ratio regulation and protection devices, which are used to control the flow of various gases (such as oxygen, laughing gas, and air) respectively. .
- the gas input by the gas source interface 312 enters the breathing circuit, and forms a mixed gas with the original gas in the breathing circuit.
- the breathing assistance device 320 is used to provide power for the patient's involuntary breathing and maintain a smooth airway.
- the breathing assistance device 320 is connected with the gas source interface 312 and the breathing circuit, and controls the gas provided by the external gas source to be delivered to the patient through the breathing circuit.
- the breathing assistance device 320 mixes the fresh gas input by the gas source interface 312, the gas exhaled by the patient in the breathing circuit, and the anesthetic drug output by the anesthetic output device 330, and then outputs it to the breathing interface 311 through the inhalation branch 340b, The patient is driven to inhale, and the gas exhaled by the patient is received through the exhalation branch 340a.
- the respiratory assistance device 320 generally includes a mechanically controlled ventilation module, and the airflow channel of the mechanically controlled ventilation module communicates with the breathing circuit.
- the mechanically controlled ventilation module is used to provide breathing power for the patient.
- the breathing assistance device 320 further includes a manual ventilation module, and the airflow channel of the manual ventilation module communicates with the breathing circuit.
- the breathing assistance device 320 includes both a mechanical ventilation module and a manual ventilation module
- the mechanical or manual ventilation mode can be switched through a mechanical or manual switch (such as a three-way valve), so that the mechanical ventilation module or the manual ventilation module can be switched.
- the module communicates with the breathing circuit to control the breathing of the patient.
- the anesthesia machine may only include a mechanically controlled ventilation module or a manual ventilation module according to specific needs.
- the anesthetic output device 330 is used to provide anesthetic drugs. Generally, the anesthetic drugs are mixed in the form of gas into the fresh air introduced by the air source interface 312 and delivered to the breathing circuit together.
- the anesthetic output device 330 is realized by using an anesthetic volatilization tank.
- the anesthetic is usually in a liquid state and is stored in the anesthetic volatilization tank.
- the anesthetic volatilization tank may include a heating device for heating the anesthetic to volatilize it and generate anesthetic vapor.
- the anesthetic output device 330 communicates with the pipeline of the gas source interface 312 , the anesthetic vapor is mixed with the fresh air introduced by the air source interface 312, and then delivered together into the breathing circuit.
- the breathing circuit can include an inspiratory branch 340b, an expiratory branch 340a, and a soda lime tank 340c.
- the mixed gas of fresh air introduced by the air source interface 312 is input from the inlet of the inhalation branch 340b, and provided to the patient through the breathing interface 311 arranged at the outlet of the inhalation branch 340b.
- the breathing interface 311 can be a face mask, a nasal cannula or an endotracheal cannula.
- the inhalation branch 340b is provided with a one-way valve, which is opened during the inhalation phase and closed during the exhalation phase.
- the exhalation branch 340a is also provided with a one-way valve, which is closed during the inhalation phase and opened during the exhalation phase.
- the inlet of the exhalation branch 340a communicates with the respiratory interface 311.
- the exhaled gas enters the soda lime tank 340c through the exhalation branch 340a, and the carbon dioxide in the exhaled gas is filtered by the material in the soda lime tank 340c.
- the gas after filtering carbon dioxide is recirculated into the suction branch 340b.
- the memory 350 can be used to store data or programs, for example, to store data collected by various sensors, data generated by the processor through calculation, or image frames generated by the processor.
- the image frames can be 2D or 3D images, or memory 350 may store a graphical user interface, one or more default image display settings, programming instructions for the processor.
- the memory 350 may be a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable medium such as flash memory, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, and the like.
- the processor 50 is used to execute instructions or programs, control the breathing assistance device 320, the gas source interface 310 and/or various control valves in the breathing circuit, or process the received data to generate the required calculation or judgment results , or generate visualization data or graphics, and output the visualization data or graphics to the display 70 for display.
- the medical equipment can detect the positive end-expiratory pressure by using the method shown in Figure 8 or the method shown in Figure 9.
- Figure 8 uses Figure 8 as an example for illustration, which includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Obtain the airway pressure and gas flow rate when the medical ventilation equipment is ventilating the patient.
- the medical equipment is a ventilator or anesthesia machine, as shown in FIG. 1 , which includes a pressure sensor 10 , a processor 20 and a flow sensor 30 , and may also include the hardware in FIG. 6 or 7 .
- the pressure sensor 10 can be placed in a position communicating with the patient's airway, for example, it can be set in the pipeline of the medical ventilation equipment, or it can be set on the breathing mask.
- the respiratory support system ventilates the patient (provides respiratory support)
- the pressure sensor 10 collects the airway pressure of the patient.
- the flow sensor 30 can also be arranged at a position communicating with the patient's airway, for example, at a breathing interface or a breathing circuit.
- the flow sensor 30 collects the gas flow rate of the ventilation, that is, the gas flow rate is collected, the gas flow rate is known according to the inner diameter of the pipeline, and the ventilation volume is known according to the time.
- the processor 50 acquires the airway pressure of the patient collected by the pressure sensor 10 ; and acquires the gas flow rate of the patient collected by the flow sensor 30 .
- the medical device is a monitor, the monitor is connected in communication with the medical ventilation device, which may include the pressure sensor 10 shown in FIG. 1 , the processor 20 and the flow sensor 30 , and may also include the hardware in FIG. 5 .
- the processor 50 of the monitor obtains the patient's airway pressure through its own pressure sensor 10 ; and obtains the patient's gas flow rate through its own flow sensor 30 .
- the pressure sensor 10 and the flow sensor 30 are not necessary for the monitor.
- the processor 50 of the monitor can receive the airway pressure of the patient collected by the pressure sensor of the medical ventilation equipment, and can receive the flow sensor of the medical ventilation equipment. Acquired gas flow rate of the patient.
- the pressure sensor 10 can collect the airway pressure of the patient in real time, and the flow sensor 30 can collect the gas flow rate of the ventilation in real time.
- the processor 50 obtains the ventilation volume according to the gas flow rate.
- the processor 50 integrates the gas flow rate over time to obtain the ventilation volume, that is, the output gas volume of the respiratory support system.
- the processor 50 can calculate the real-time gas flow rate to obtain the real-time ventilation volume.
- the respiratory mechanics equation for invasive ventilation, the airtightness of the ventilation is usually good, and the gas flow rate collected by the sensor can reflect the amount of gas entering the patient's body; for non-invasive ventilation, due to the characteristics of the ventilation method, there is gas leakage, so The gas flow rate collected by the sensor can be compensated to obtain the actual flow rate, and then the total positive end-expiratory pressure can be calculated through the respiratory mechanics equation.
- the processor 50 acquires the gas leakage amount during non-invasive ventilation, and the gas leakage amount may be the patient end leakage, which is obtained by subtracting the system leakage amount from the total leakage amount.
- Step 3 the processor 50 obtains the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot according to the preset respiratory mechanics equation, as well as the airway pressure, gas flow rate and ventilation volume; wherein, the respiratory mechanics equation is at least produced by the airway pressure Paw and the respiratory muscles
- the pressure Pmus, gas flow rate Flow, ventilation volume Volume and total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot are constructed. From the above content, it can be seen that the airway pressure and gas flow rate are collected or calculated by the patient during normal ventilation, so the detection process of positive end-expiratory pressure does not need to hold the breath, does not interrupt the normal ventilation process, and is invasive and Non-invasive ventilation is suitable for use.
- the medical ventilation equipment ventilates the patient, it can keep the patient's respiratory tract at a certain positive pressure at the end of expiration, which can avoid the early closure of the alveoli, and make part of the alveoli that have lost ventilation function due to exudation, atelectasis, etc. re-expand, so that the reduced Functional residual capacity increases to achieve the purpose of improving oxygenation.
- the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot is usually composed of two parts: exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe and endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi.
- Exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe is the positive pressure of the patient's airway at the end of expiration caused by external factors.
- the exogenous end-expiratory pressure PEEPe is the positive pressure of the patient's airway at the end of expiration caused by internal reasons such as the condition of the patient's lungs.
- the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe and the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi are finally superimposed to form the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot.
- the processor 50 can display the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot through the connected display 70, which is convenient for doctors to check. Since the airway pressure and gas flow rate can be obtained by corresponding sensors in real time, the processor 50 can calculate the ventilation volume in real time, and then calculate the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot in real time, so the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot displayed on the display 70 can be Real-time, it is helpful for doctors to grasp the patient's ventilation situation, it is conducive to accurate control of breathing, anesthesia, etc., and it improves the safety of patient ventilation.
- the respiratory system can be simplified as a first-order RC system, where R represents the resistance of the respiratory system (respiratory system viscous resistance), and C represents the compliance of the respiratory system (it can also be expressed by the elastic resistance of the respiratory system E).
- R represents the resistance of the respiratory system (respiratory system viscous resistance)
- C represents the compliance of the respiratory system (it can also be expressed by the elastic resistance of the respiratory system E).
- the respiratory drive mainly comes from two aspects, one is the driving force of the ventilator or anesthesia machine minus the airway pressure (Paw), and the other is the contraction of the patient's ventilator (Pmus).
- the respiratory mechanics equation can be obtained as:
- Paw is the airway pressure, which can be directly measured by the airway pressure sensor during mechanical ventilation;
- Flow is the gas flow rate, which can be measured by the flow sensor
- Volume is the ventilation volume, which is the integral of the gas flow rate
- k1, k2, k3 and k4 are all preset experience coefficients, which can be the same or different.
- the experience coefficients can be built into the system or set by users (such as medical personnel).
- k1, k2, k3 and k4 may all be 1.
- PEEPtot is the total positive end-expiratory pressure (i.e., total PEEP), which is equal to the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe (extrinsic PEEP, that is, PEEP for airway pressure monitoring) and the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi ( sum of endogenous PEEP);
- Pmus is the pressure generated by the patient's respiratory muscles
- R is the viscous resistance of the patient's respiratory system, usually a constant
- E is the elastic resistance of the patient's respiratory system, usually a constant.
- the graph of each variable in the respiratory mechanics equation is shown in FIG. 10 .
- This step can be realized by solving respiratory mechanics equations. Specifically, PEEPtot, Pmus, R, and E in the respiratory mechanics equation are unknown quantities, and others are known quantities. Pmus changes with time during the patient's inhalation process, so a series of Paw, Flow and Volume can be obtained by measurement. Multiple equations can be obtained:
- PEEPtot k4*Paw(n)+k1*Pmus(n)-k2*Flow(n)*R-k3*Volume(n)*E;
- the processor 50 substitutes multiple sets of airway pressure Paw, gas flow rate Flow, and ventilation volume Volume at different times into the preset respiratory mechanics equation as known quantities, and the unknown quantity is the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles Equations of Pmus and total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot.
- the present invention creatively simplifies Pmus, for example, according to the physiological characteristics of spontaneous breathing, Pmus Simplified to a known function (curve), in other words, in the respiratory mechanics equation, the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles is an unknown quantity that has a preset function relationship with time. preset functional relationship).
- the preset functional relationship may include: one or more combinations of exponential functions, trigonometric functions, piecewise functions and polynomial functions.
- the change trend of the absolute value of Pmus is: from small to large, and then from large to small.
- one exponential function can be selected to simulate the period from small to large, and another exponential function can be selected to simulate the period from large to small.
- these two exponential functions actually constitute a piecewise function. It is also possible to select a linear function to simulate the section from small to large, and then select another linear function to simulate the section from large to small. Similarly, these two linear functions actually constitute a piecewise function. Trigonometric functions, multi-degree polynomial functions, etc. can also be selected for simulation. The number of unknowns varies with the specific functional relationship selected.
- the number of data sampling points in the general inhalation process (the number of Paw, Flow, and Volume data sets) is much greater than 5, so this equation system is an overdetermined equation system, that is, the number of n satisfies the number of solutions n+3
- the optimal solution of overdetermined equations can be solved through the following process:
- PEEPtot can be obtained after matrix solution.
- one or more constraints may be added in the process of solving the equations, that is, when the processor 50 calculates the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot, it is also used to
- the pressure Pmus produced by the respiratory muscles at the beginning and end of inspiration is both set to 0 (see the waveform of Pmus in Figure 10); and/or, the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi is set to be greater than or equal to 0; and/or , for patients without spontaneous breathing, set the pressure Pmus produced by the respiratory muscles to 0, of course, it is also possible to set the corresponding empirical coefficient k1 to 0; and/or, limit the viscous resistance R and the elastic resistance E of the respiratory system to within a pre-set reasonable range.
- the preset reasonable range can be set according to the actual situation, clinical experience, etc.
- One or more of these four constraints can be selected as the constraints when solving the equations, so that PEEPtot can be solved more accurately and reliably.
- the processor 50 obtains the recommended value for setting the positive end-expiratory pressure of the respiratory support system of the medical ventilation equipment according to the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot , and then the processor 50 displays the recommended value through the display. After seeing the recommended value, the medical staff can issue an instruction for setting the recommended value as positive end-expiratory pressure through the input device, and after receiving the instruction through the input device, the processor 50 sets the recommended value as Positive end-expiratory pressure to allow the respiratory support system of the medical ventilator to ventilate the patient based on the recommended value.
- setting the recommended value can also be done automatically, for example, the processor 50 automatically sets the recommended value, so that the respiratory support system can ventilate the patient based on the recommended value.
- the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe is usually generated by medical ventilation equipment and needs to be set. Therefore, in this embodiment, the above recommended values are recommended values for setting the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe. Usually the recommended value is 70-80% of the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot.
- the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi may also be calculated based on the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot, as shown in FIG. 8 , may also include the following steps:
- Step 4 the processor 50 obtains the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe according to the airway pressure Paw, and the specific method of calculating the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe by using the airway pressure Paw can adopt the existing technology. I won't go into details.
- the airway pressure Paw can be acquired in real time, and the processor can calculate the real-time exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe according to the real-time airway pressure Paw.
- Step 5 The processor 50 subtracts the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe from the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot to obtain the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi. Since both the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot and the exogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPe can be calculated in real time, the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi can also be calculated in real time. Exhalation hold is often used in the prior art to measure endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi, which not only needs to interrupt the patient’s ventilation, but also cannot achieve real-time measurement. However, the above-mentioned method adopted by the present invention does not require expiratory hold, and The endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi can be obtained in real time, and it is not limited by invasive or non-invasive ventilation, which is very convenient.
- the processor 50 can display the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot, the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi, or both through the connected monitor, so that the doctor can grasp the patient's ventilation situation. Since the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot and the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi can be obtained in real time, the displayed total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot and/or the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi can be real-time and time-sensitive. It has good properties and is beneficial to doctors' diagnosis and treatment of patients.
- the processor 50 can also determine whether the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot exceeds the first preset value, and if so, display an alarm message through the display; it can also determine whether the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi exceeds the second preset value, and if so The alarm information is displayed on the display.
- the first preset value and the second preset value can be set as required. In this way, the total positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPtot and the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi of the patient can be avoided from being too high, thereby improving the safety of ventilation.
- the method shown in Figure 9 can also be used to detect the positive end-expiratory pressure of the medical device. If the esophageal pressure Pes can be monitored in real time during mechanical ventilation, PEEPi can be calculated from the esophageal pressure Pes. Clinically, esophageal pressure is generally used to approximate intrathoracic pressure. When the patient has PEEPi, the inspiratory effort must first overcome the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi to cause the inspiratory flow rate.
- the esophageal pressure drops ⁇ Pes from 1:00 to 2:00, and spontaneous inhalation
- the pressure of ⁇ Pes does not cause the flow rate to increase, that is, the inspiratory flow rate is not generated, so the pressure difference is the pressure to overcome PEEPi. So PEEPi ⁇ Pes. Therefore, this method can be used to monitor PEEPi in real time.
- Point 1 does not require special identification. This point is the baseline value of esophageal pressure, that is, the steady value of esophageal pressure during expiration.
- the time at 2 o'clock can be identified from the flow rate data, that is, the point at which the patient's flow rate crosses zero.
- the 2 o'clock time can also be determined by the CO 2 waveform curve, but generally there is a delay in the CO 2 waveform curve, and the delay is relatively definite, so the 2 o'clock time can also be determined by the CO 2 waveform curve.
- Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram, and for the convenience of explanation, CO 2 and pressure and flow velocity waveforms have been aligned in time. The following will describe in detail with reference to FIG. 9 .
- the method of Fig. 9 comprises the steps:
- Step 1' the processor 50 obtains the patient's esophageal pressure data when the respiratory support system of the medical ventilation device is ventilating the patient. Obtained from other equipment by communicating with other equipment (such as medical ventilation equipment, monitors, etc.).
- the processor 50 also acquires target parameter data of the patient when the respiratory support system is ventilating the patient.
- the target parameter data may be gas flow rate data, airway pressure data, carbon dioxide concentration data, or chest electrical impedance data.
- the target parameter data can be collected by the sensors of the medical equipment itself.
- the medical equipment includes a processor 50, and also includes at least one of a pressure sensor 10, a flow sensor 30, a carbon dioxide sensor 20 and an electrical impedance sensor (as shown in FIG. 2- 4); of course, in some embodiments, the target parameter data can also be obtained by the medical device from other devices through communication with other devices (such as medical ventilation equipment, monitors, etc.).
- Step 2' the processor 50 obtains the characteristic quantity characterizing the patient's overcoming of the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure according to the target parameter data.
- the feature quantity may have various specific manifestations, such as a target time point, a target parameter corresponding to the target time point, a target time period, a target parameter corresponding to the target time period, and the like.
- the feature quantity is taken as the target time point as an example for illustration, and the processor 50 can identify the time point when the patient's inhalation starts to be regarded as the target time according to the gas flow rate data, airway pressure data, carbon dioxide concentration data or chest electrical impedance data Point, as shown in Figure 11, is the time point when the flow velocity changes from a negative value on the ordinate to a positive value (the sign of the flow velocity indicates the direction of the flow velocity), corresponding to point 2, that is, the time point when gas begins to enter the patient's body.
- the inhalation starts at point 1, the gas cannot actually enter the patient's lungs due to the existence of the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi.
- the target parameter data at least includes the target parameters (gas flow rate, airway pressure, carbon dioxide concentration or chest electrical impedance) before and after the gas flow rate becomes positive during the inspiratory phase, and the target time point can be determined according to these target parameters.
- the target parameter data can at least include the target parameters within a period of time after the start of inhalation.
- the target parameters during this period can be the data within one respiratory cycle. Since the data of patients in each respiratory cycle are basically not different, it is also It can be data in different breathing cycles.
- the target parameter data acquired by the processor 50 may be collected in real time by corresponding sensors, that is, the target parameter data may be real-time data.
- the esophageal pressure data can at least include the esophageal pressure at one or more moments during the expiratory phase, and the esophageal pressure during a period of time after the start of inspiration. Similarly, the esophageal pressure at different moments can come from one respiratory cycle or from different respiratory cycles .
- the esophageal pressure data acquired by the processor 50 may be acquired by corresponding sensors in real time, that is, the esophageal pressure data may be real-time data.
- the processor 50 can obtain the change trend of the gas flow rate (as shown in the waveform curve in FIG. 11 ) according to the gas flow rate data, and according to the change trend, the gas flow rate in the inhalation stage can be determined.
- the target time point see the time point when the gas flow rate increases linearly in Figure 11; of course, the target time point for the gas flow rate to become positive can also be directly determined according to the size of the gas flow rate data, such as the time point corresponding to the maximum value of the gas flow rate.
- the processor 50 obtains the minimum value of the airway pressure in the inspiratory stage according to the airway pressure data, and the processor 50 can obtain the variation trend of the airway pressure Paw (as shown in the waveform curve in FIG. 11 ) according to the airway pressure data, according to The change trend can determine the minimum value of the airway pressure during the inspiratory phase, see the lowest point of the airway pressure Paw waveform in Figure 11; of course, the minimum value of the airway pressure Paw can also be directly determined according to the size of the airway pressure data.
- the processor 50 takes the moment corresponding to the minimum value as the target time point.
- the processor 50 can obtain the moment when the high carbon dioxide concentration changes to the low carbon dioxide concentration according to the carbon dioxide concentration data, such as the change trend of the carbon dioxide concentration in FIG. 11 (such as a waveform curve), and use this moment as the target time point. Specifically, the moment at which the carbon dioxide concentration drops the fastest can be obtained according to the variation trend of the carbon dioxide concentration, and the moment at which the carbon dioxide concentration drops the fastest is the target time point.
- the processor 50 may also use the time when the carbon dioxide concentration starts to be lower than the preset concentration threshold as the target time point according to the carbon dioxide concentration data, such as the variation trend of the carbon dioxide concentration in FIG. 11 .
- the preset concentration threshold can be set as required, for example, it is 1/3 of the peak value of the carbon dioxide concentration.
- the processor 50 obtains the chest electrical impedance waveform according to the chest electrical impedance data, obtains the slope of each point in the chest electrical impedance waveform according to the chest electrical impedance waveform, and takes the time when the slope starts to exceed the preset slope threshold as the target time point.
- the preset slope threshold can be set as required.
- Step 3' the processor 50 obtains the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure according to the esophageal pressure data and the characteristic quantity.
- the processor 50 obtains the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure according to the esophageal pressure data and the target time point.
- the processor 50 obtains the steady value of the esophageal pressure in the expiratory phase according to the esophageal pressure data; stable value of pressure.
- the esophageal pressure Pes basically does not change during the expiratory phase. At this time, the esophageal pressure is relatively stable (Pes baseline in the figure), and an esophageal pressure value or average value during this period can be taken as the stable value.
- the esophageal pressure at point 1 is determined.
- the processor 50 determines the pressure difference between the esophageal pressure corresponding to the target time point and the stable value as the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure, that is, the esophageal pressure at point 2 is subtracted from the esophageal pressure at point 1, and the difference is the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure.
- positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi The processor 50 can also display the calculated intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi through a connected display.
- the endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi can be calculated in real time, and the displayed endogenous positive end-expiratory pressure PEEPi can be real-time with good timeliness. It is beneficial for doctors to diagnose and treat patients.
- the method shown in Figure 9 regards the inspiratory effort (pressure difference) that does not cause an increase in the gas flow rate as PEEPi, the calculation process is simple and reliable, and the entire process does not require exhalation to hold the operation, does not interrupt the normal ventilation process, and can be invasive and non-invasive. are suitable for use.
- the medical device may include the above-mentioned processor but not include the above-mentioned various sensors or some of the above-mentioned sensors, some or all of the data collected by sensors such as airway pressure, gas flow rate, carbon dioxide concentration, and chest electrical impedance Obtained by the processor from other devices.
- the medical equipment is a monitor, which obtains data such as airway pressure, gas flow rate, and carbon dioxide concentration from a ventilator or anesthesia machine, and collects data such as chest electrical impedance through an electrical impedance sensor, thereby performing the above steps to detect positive end-expiratory pressure ;
- Other example of medical equipment can be other equipment with data processing capabilities, such as various types of computers, central stations, ultrasound imaging equipment, etc., which obtain data such as airway pressure, gas flow rate, and carbon dioxide concentration from ventilators or anesthesia machines.
- the monitor acquires data such as chest electrical impedance, so as to perform the above steps to detect positive end-expiratory pressure.
- the program can also be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk, or a mobile hard disk, and saved by downloading or copying.
- a storage medium such as a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk, or a mobile hard disk, and saved by downloading or copying.
- any tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be used, including magnetic storage devices (hard disks, floppy disks, etc.), optical storage devices (CD-ROM, DVD, Blu Ray discs, etc.), flash memory and/or the like .
- These computer program instructions can be loaded into a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing equipment to form a machine, so that these instructions executed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus can generate an apparatus for implementing specified functions.
- These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory which can instruct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory form a Manufactures, including implementing devices for implementing specified functions.
- Computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing device, thereby performing a series of operational steps on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the computer or other programmable device Instructions may provide steps for performing specified functions.
- the term “comprises” and any other variants thereof are non-exclusive, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also elements not expressly listed or not part of the process. , method, system, article or other element of a device.
- the term “coupled” and any other variations thereof, as used herein refers to a physical connection, an electrical connection, a magnetic connection, an optical connection, a communicative connection, a functional connection, and/or any other connection.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (38)
- 一种检测呼气末正压的方法,其特征在于,包括:获取医疗通气设备给患者通气时的气道压力和气体流速;根据所述气体流速得到通气容积;根据预设的呼吸力学方程,以及所述气道压力、气体流速和通气容积,得到总呼气末正压;其中,所述呼吸力学方程至少由气道压力、气体流速、通气容积和总呼气末正压构建得到。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:根据所述气道压力得到外源性呼气末正压;将所述总呼气末正压减去所述外源性呼气末正压,得到内源性呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述呼吸力学方程至少由气道压力、呼吸肌产生的压力、气体流速、通气容积和总呼气末正压构建得到。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述医疗通气设备给患者通气的方式为无创通气。
- 如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:获取无创通气时的气体泄漏量;基于所述气体泄漏量对气体流速进行补偿处理。
- 如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述呼吸力学方程中,所述呼吸肌产生的压力与时间成预设函数关系。
- 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预设函数关系包括:指数函数、三角函数、分段函数和多项式函数中的一种或多种的组合。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:根据所述总呼气末正压得到所述医疗通气设备用于设置呼气末正压的推荐值。
- 如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:显示所述推荐值;自动设置所述推荐值,以使所述医疗通气设备基于所述推荐值给患者通气;或者,接收用于将所述推荐值设置为呼气末正压的指令,响应于所述指令,设置所述推荐值,以使所述医疗通气设备基于所述推荐值给患者通气。
- 如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:显示所述总呼气末正压和内源性呼气末正压中的至少一个。
- 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据预设的呼吸力学方程,以及所述气道压力、气体流速和通气容积,得到总呼气末正压,包括:将不同时刻的多组气道压力、气体流速和通气容积分别代入到所述预设的呼吸力学方程中,得到呼吸肌产生的压力与总呼气末正压的方程组;解所述方程组得到总呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述呼吸力学方程包括:PEEPtot=k4*Paw+k1*Pmus-k2*Flow*R-k3*Volume*E;其中,Paw为所述气道压力,Pmus为所述呼吸肌产生的压力,Flow为所述气体流速,Volume为所述通气容积,PEEPtot为所述总呼气末正压,R为呼吸系统粘性阻力,E为呼吸系统弹性阻力;k1、k2、k3和k4均为预设的经验系数。
- 如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,在计算总呼气末正压时,所述方法还包括:对于无自主呼吸的患者,将呼吸肌产生的压力设为0,或者把对应的经验系数k1设置为0。
- 一种检测内源性呼气末正压的方法,其特征在于,包括:获取医疗通气设备给患者通气时患者的食道压数据,获取医疗通气设备给患者通气时患者的气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据;根据所述气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据得到表征所述患者克服内源性呼气末正压的特征量;根据所述食道压数据和所述特征量得到内源性呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述食道压数据和所述特征量得到内源性呼气末正压,包括:根据所述食道压数据得到呼气阶段食道压的平稳值;将所述特征量对应的食道压与所述平稳值的差值确定为内源性呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求14或15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述特征量为目标时间点或目标时间段。
- 如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所述气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据得到表征所述患者克服内源性呼气末正压的特征量,包括:根据所述气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点。
- 如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述气体流速数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述气体流速数据识别到吸气阶段气体流速转正的时间点作为所述目标时间点;所述根据所述气道压数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述气道压数据得到吸气阶段气道压的最小值,将所述最小值对应的时刻作为所述目标时间点;所述根据所述二氧化碳浓度数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述二氧化碳浓度数据得到二氧化碳浓度下降速度最快的时刻,将二氧化碳浓度下降速度最快的时刻为所述目标时间点;或者,根据所述二氧化碳浓度数据,将二氧化碳浓度开始小于预设浓度阈值的时刻作为所述目标时间点;所述根据所述胸部电阻抗数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述胸部电阻抗数据得到胸部电阻抗波形,根据所述胸部电阻抗波形得到胸部电阻抗波形各点的斜率,将斜率开始大于预设斜率阈值的时刻作为所述目标时间点。
- 一种医疗设备,其特征在于,包括:压力传感器,采集患者在通气过程中的气道压力;流量传感器,采集患者在通气过程中的气体流速;处理器,用于通过所述压力传感器获取患者的气道压力;通过所述流量传感器获取患者的气体流速,并根据所述气体流速得到通气容积;根据预设的呼吸力学方程,以及所述气道压力、气体流速和通气容积,计算得到总呼气末正压;其中,所述呼吸力学方程至少由气道压力、气体流速、通气容积和总呼气末正压构建得到。
- 如权利要求19所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于:根据所述气道压力得到外源性呼气末正压;将所述总呼气末正压减去所述外源性呼气末正压,得到内源性呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述呼吸力学方程至少由气道压力、呼吸肌产生的压力、气体流速、通气容积和总呼气末正压构建得到。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述患者的通气方式为无创通气。
- 如权利要求22所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于:获取无创通气时的气体泄漏量;基于所述气体泄漏量对气体流速进行补偿处理。
- 如权利要求21所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述呼吸力学方程中,所述呼吸肌产生的压力与时间成预设函数关系。
- 如权利要求24所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述预设函数关系包括:指数函数、三角函数、分段函数和多项式函数中的一种或多种的组合。
- 如权利要求19所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于:根据所述总呼气末正压得到用于设置呼气末正压的推荐值。
- 如权利要求26所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于:通过连接的显示器显示所述推荐值;自动设置所述推荐值,以使呼吸支持系统基于所述推荐值给患者通气;或者,接收 用于将所述推荐值设置为呼气末正压的指令,响应于所述指令,设置所述推荐值,以使呼吸支持系统基于所述推荐值给患者通气;其中,所述呼吸支持系统用于给患者通气以提供呼吸支持。
- 如权利要求20所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于:通过连接的显示器显示所述总呼气末正压和内源性呼气末正压中的至少一个。
- 如权利要求24所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器根据预设的呼吸力学方程,以及所述气道压力、气体流速和通气容积,得到总呼气末正压,包括:将不同时刻的多组气道压力、气体流速和通气容积分别代入到所述预设的呼吸力学方程中,得到呼吸肌产生的压力与总呼气末正压的方程组;解所述方程组得到总呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求29所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述呼吸力学方程包括:PEEPtot=k4*Paw+k1*Pmus-k2*Flow*R-k3*Volume*E;其中,Paw为所述气道压力,Pmus为所述呼吸肌产生的压力,Flow为所述气体流速,Volume为所述通气容积,PEEPtot为所述总呼气末正压,R为呼吸系统粘性阻力,E为呼吸系统弹性阻力;k1、k2、k3和k4均为预设的经验系数。
- 如权利要求30所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器在计算总呼气末正压时,还用于:对于无自主呼吸的患者,将呼吸肌产生的压力设为0,或者把对应的经验系数k1设置为0。
- 一种医疗设备,包括处理器,还包括压力传感器,流量传感器,二氧化碳传感器或电阻抗传感器,其特征在于,所述压力传感器用于采集患者在通气过程中的气道压力;所述流量传感器用于采集患者在通气过程中的气体流速;所述二氧化碳传感器用于采集患者在通气过程中的二氧化碳浓度;所述电阻抗传感器用于采集患者在通气过程中的胸部电阻抗数据;所述处理器用于:获取呼吸支持系统给患者通气时患者的食道压数据,获取所述呼吸支持系统给患者通气时患者的气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据;根据所述气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据得到表征所述患者克服内源性呼气末正压的特征量;根据所述食道压数据和所述特征量得到内源性呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求32所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器根据所述食道压数据和所述特征量得到内源性呼气末正压,包括:根据所述食道压数据得到呼气阶段食道压的平稳值;将所述特征量对应的食道压与所述平稳值的压力差确定为内源性呼气末正压。
- 如权利要求32或33所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述特征量为目标时间点或目标时间段。
- 如权利要求34所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器根据所述气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据得到表征所述患者克服内源性呼气末正压的特征量,包括:根据所述气体流速数据、气道压数据、二氧化碳浓度数据或胸部电阻抗数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点。
- 如权利要求35所述的医疗设备,其特征在于,所述处理器根据所述气体流速数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述气体流速数据识别到吸气阶段气体流速转正的时间点作为所述目标时间点;所述处理器根据所述气道压数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述气道压数据得到吸气阶段气道压的最小值,将所述最小值对应的时刻作为所述目标时间点;所述处理器根据所述二氧化碳浓度数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述二氧化碳浓度数据得到二氧化碳浓度下降速度最快的时刻,将二氧化碳浓度下降速度最快的时刻为所述目标时间点;或者,根据所述二氧化碳浓度数据,将二氧化碳浓度开始小于预设浓度阈值的时刻作为所述目标时间点;所述处理器根据所述胸部电阻抗数据识别到所述患者吸气实质开始的时间点作为所述目标时间点,包括:根据所述胸部电阻抗数据得到胸部电阻抗波形,根据所述胸部电阻抗波形得到胸部电阻抗波形各点的斜率,将斜率开始大于预设斜率阈值的时刻作为所述目标时间点。
- 一种医疗设备,其特征在于,包括:存储器,用于存储程序;处理器,用于通过执行所述存储器存储的程序以实现如权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,包括程序,所述程序能够被处理器执行以实现如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法。
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| EP22871549.6A EP4406574A4 (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2022-07-05 | Medical device and method for measuring positive end-expiratory pressure |
| CN202280063115.8A CN118043098A (zh) | 2021-09-24 | 2022-07-05 | 一种医疗设备和检测呼气末正压的方法 |
| US18/614,713 US20240226478A1 (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2024-03-24 | Medical device and method for measuring positive end-expiratory pressure |
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| US20050284476A1 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2005-12-29 | Blanch Paul B | Method and apparatus for non-invasive prediction of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) in patients receiving ventilator support |
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| US20140171817A1 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2014-06-19 | Paul B. Blanch | Method and apparatus for detecting and quantifying intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure |
| CN110545872A (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2019-12-06 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | 机械通气的自动peep选择 |
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2022
- 2022-07-05 EP EP22871549.6A patent/EP4406574A4/en active Pending
- 2022-07-05 WO PCT/CN2022/103904 patent/WO2023045488A1/zh not_active Ceased
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| EP4406574A1 (en) | 2024-07-31 |
| EP4406574A4 (en) | 2025-01-01 |
| CN118043098A (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
| US20240226478A1 (en) | 2024-07-11 |
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