WO2023045904A1 - 中子捕获治疗系统 - Google Patents

中子捕获治疗系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023045904A1
WO2023045904A1 PCT/CN2022/119798 CN2022119798W WO2023045904A1 WO 2023045904 A1 WO2023045904 A1 WO 2023045904A1 CN 2022119798 W CN2022119798 W CN 2022119798W WO 2023045904 A1 WO2023045904 A1 WO 2023045904A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
target
particle beam
neutron
charged particle
chamber
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/119798
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘渊豪
林峻霆
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Neuboron Therapy System Ltd
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Neuboron Therapy System Ltd
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Application filed by Neuboron Therapy System Ltd filed Critical Neuboron Therapy System Ltd
Priority to EP22871950.6A priority Critical patent/EP4324516A4/en
Priority to JP2024518819A priority patent/JP2024534619A/ja
Publication of WO2023045904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023045904A1/zh
Priority to US18/616,325 priority patent/US20240261598A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
    • A61N5/1078—Fixed beam systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
    • H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H6/00—Targets for producing nuclear reactions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
    • A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
    • A61N2005/109—Neutrons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1092—Details
    • A61N2005/1094—Shielding, protecting against radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2277/00—Applications of particle accelerators
    • H05H2277/10—Medical devices
    • H05H2277/11—Radiotherapy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiation irradiation system, especially a neutron capture therapy system.
  • neutron capture therapy is a combination of the above two concepts, such as boron neutron capture therapy, through the specific accumulation of boron-containing drugs in tumor cells, combined with precise neutron beam regulation, it provides better treatment than traditional radiation. Cancer treatment options.
  • the charged particle beam is accelerated by the accelerator, and the charged particle beam is accelerated to an energy sufficient to overcome the Coulomb repulsion of the target nucleus, and undergoes a nuclear reaction with the target to generate neutrons. Therefore, in the process of generating neutrons, the target When irradiated by high-power accelerated charged particle beams, the temperature of the target will rise significantly, thereby affecting the service life of the target.
  • the present invention provides a neutron capture therapy system on the one hand, including a charged particle beam generating unit, a beam transmission unit and a neutron beam generating unit, the charged particle beam generating unit is used to generate charged particles
  • the beam transmission part transmits the charged particle beam to the neutron beam generating part
  • the neutron beam generating part includes a target, and the target interacts with the charged particle beam to generate a neutron beam
  • the neutron capture therapy system further includes a charged particle beam generating chamber and a target replacement chamber, the charged particle beam generating chamber at least partially accommodates the charged particle beam generating part and the beam transmitting part, the target an exchange chamber for mounting the target and allowing the beam transmission part to pass through the target exchange chamber, the target exchange chamber being formed after the charged particle beam generation part on the beam transmission path and different from in the charged particle beam generation chamber.
  • the target includes an active layer, the active layer reacts with the charged particle beam to generate the neutron beam, and the active layer is pre-accommodated in the target replacement chamber.
  • the material of the active layer is Li or its alloy or its compound
  • the charged particle beam is a proton beam
  • the proton beam undergoes 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be nuclear reaction with the active layer to generate the neutron beam.
  • the dew point temperature of the environment in the target replacement chamber under atmospheric pressure is Td ⁇ -30°C or the relative humidity RH ⁇ 0.6% at 25°C.
  • the target material includes a cooling channel
  • the particle beam generating device further includes first and second cooling pipes connected to the cooling channel.
  • the neutron beam generating part further includes a beam shaper
  • the beam shaper can adjust the beam quality of the neutron beam generated by the interaction between the charged particle beam and the target
  • the The neutron capture therapy system further includes an irradiation chamber in which an object to be irradiated undergoes the neutron beam irradiation treatment, and the beam shaper is at least partially housed in the irradiation chamber and the charged particle beam generation chamber
  • the target is installed in the beam shaping body, and the target replacement chamber is arranged in the charged particle beam generating chamber.
  • the charged particle beam generating room has a ceiling and a floor, and the target replacement room is surrounded by the partition wall, the ceiling, the floor, and a curtain arranged between the ceiling and the floor Form a semi-sealed dehumidification area and set a dehumidifier in the area; or the target replacement room includes a top, and the target replacement room is composed of the partition wall, the top, the floor and the A curtain between the roof and the floor surrounds a semi-sealed dehumidification area formed within which a dehumidifier is placed.
  • the cost of the curtain is low, the installation is convenient, and it is convenient to enter and exit. After setting up a dehumidifier, it can also meet the requirements of a dry environment.
  • the curtains are multi-piece and arranged sequentially without intervals; the curtains are made of products that are not radioactive after being irradiated by neutrons or products that are irradiated by neutrons have low radioactive activity or are irradiated by neutrons
  • the radioactive isotope produced later has a short half-life; the shell of the dehumidifier adopts neutron shielding material or radiation shielding is set outside the dehumidifier.
  • the beam transmission part includes a transmission tube with adjustable length, the target is arranged at the end of the transmission tube, and the end of the transmission tube with the target is set at the Target replacement chamber.
  • the beam transmission part includes first, second and third transmission tubes, the second transmission tubes are detachably connected to the first and third transmission tubes respectively, and the target is arranged on the The end of the first transfer pipe, the first transfer pipe and at least part of the second transfer pipe are arranged in the target replacement chamber, and the second or third transfer pipe passes through the target replacement chamber.
  • a beam adjustment device is provided on the third transmission tube; a detection device is provided on the first transmission tube.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for installing a target of a particle beam generating device, the target includes an active layer for generating a particle beam, the particle beam generating device includes a transmission tube, and the target Installed at the end of the transfer pipe, the installation method includes: pre-accommodating the active layer in a target replacement chamber; installing the target at the end of the transfer pipe in the target replacement chamber ; installing the target to the particle beam generating device in the target replacement chamber.
  • the transfer tube includes a first transfer tube and a second transfer tube
  • the target is installed at the end of the first transfer tube
  • the length of the second transfer tube is adjustable
  • the In the target replacement chamber the first transmission pipe is connected to the second transmission pipe and the length of the second transmission pipe is adjusted, so that the target is installed on the particle beam generating device.
  • the particle beam generating device further includes a beam shaper, the target is arranged in the beam shaper, the target includes a cooling channel, and the particle beam generating device further includes a The first and second cooling pipes connected to the cooling passage, the installation method further includes: connecting the first and second cooling pipes to the cooling passage of the target in the target replacement chamber; In the target replacement chamber, the end of the transmission pipe with the target installed extends into the beam shaper; the first and second cooling pipes are connected to an external cooling source.
  • the dew point temperature of the environment in the target replacement chamber under atmospheric pressure is Td ⁇ -30°C or the relative humidity RH ⁇ 0.6% at 25°C.
  • the neutron capture therapy system and the method for installing the target of the particle beam generating device according to the present invention avoid oxidation of the target by setting a target replacement room, and the operation is simple and the cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a neutron capture therapy system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the target in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the charged particle beam generating chamber and the target replacement chamber in Fig. 1 in another direction;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charged particle beam generating chamber and a target replacement chamber according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a target installation method in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the neutron capture therapy system in this embodiment is preferably a boron neutron capture therapy system 100, which is a device for cancer treatment using boron neutron capture therapy.
  • Boron neutron capture therapy treats cancer by irradiating a neutron beam N to an irradiated body 200 injected with boron (B-10).
  • B-10 boron
  • He and 7 Li are two heavy charged particles.
  • the average energy of the two charged particles is about 2.33MeV, which has the characteristics of high linear energy transfer (Linear Energy Transfer, LET) and short range.
  • the total range of the two particles is about the size of a cell. Therefore, the radiation damage to organisms can be limited to the cell level, and it can reach local levels without causing too much damage to normal tissues. purpose of killing tumor cells.
  • the boron neutron capture therapy system 100 includes a neutron beam generator 10 and a treatment table 20 , and the neutron beam generator 10 includes a charged particle beam generator 11 , a beam transmission unit 12 and a neutron beam generator 13 .
  • the charged particle beam generating part 11 generates a charged particle beam P such as a proton beam;
  • the beam transmission part 12 transmits the charged particle beam P to the neutron beam generating part 13;
  • the neutron beam generating part 13 generates a therapeutic neutron beam N and
  • the object to be irradiated 200 on the treatment table 20 is irradiated.
  • the charged particle beam generation part 11 may include an ion source 111 and an accelerator 112, the ion source 111 is used to generate charged particles, such as H ⁇ , protons, deuterons, etc.; the accelerator 112 accelerates the charged particles generated by the ion source 111 to obtain the required energy A beam of charged particles P, such as a proton beam.
  • the ion source 111 is used to generate charged particles, such as H ⁇ , protons, deuterons, etc.
  • the accelerator 112 accelerates the charged particles generated by the ion source 111 to obtain the required energy
  • a beam of charged particles P such as a proton beam.
  • the neutron beam generation unit 13 may include a target T, a beam shaper 131, and a collimator 132.
  • the charged particle beam P generated by the accelerator 112 is irradiated to the target T through the beam transmission unit 12 and interacts with the target T to generate
  • the generated neutrons sequentially pass through the beam shaper 131 and the collimator 132 to form a therapeutic neutron beam N and irradiate the irradiated object 200 on the treatment table 20 .
  • the target T is preferably a metal target. Select the appropriate nuclear reaction based on the required neutron yield and energy, the available accelerated charged particle energy and current, and the physical and chemical properties of the metal target.
  • the nuclear reactions that are often discussed are 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be and 9 Be(p,n) 9 B, both reactions are endothermic reactions.
  • the energy thresholds of the two nuclear reactions are 1.881MeV and 2.055MeV respectively. Since the ideal neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy is epithermal neutrons at the energy level of keV, in theory, if proton bombardment with energy only slightly higher than the threshold is used Lithium metal targets can produce relatively low-energy neutrons, and can be used clinically without too much retardation treatment. Not high, in order to generate enough neutron flux, usually choose higher energy protons to initiate nuclear reactions.
  • the accelerator 10 may be a linear accelerator, a cyclotron, a synchrotron, or a synchrocyclotron.
  • the beam shaper 131 can adjust the beam quality of the neutron beam N produced by the interaction between the charged particle beam P and the target T, and the collimator 132 is used to converge the neutron beam N, so that the neutron beam N can Has high targeting.
  • the beam shaping body 131 further includes a reflector 1311, a slowing body 1312, a thermal neutron absorber 1313, a radiation shielding body 1314, and a beam outlet 1315.
  • the neutrons generated by the interaction between the charged particle beam P and the target T are due to the large energy spectrum.
  • Body 1312 adjusts the energy of fast neutrons (>40keV) therein to the epithermal neutron energy region (0.5eV-40keV) and reduces thermal neutrons ( ⁇ 0.5eV) as much as possible, slowing body 312 interacts with fast neutrons It is made of a material with a large cross-section and a small epithermal neutron cross-section.
  • the retarder 1312 is made of D 2 O, AlF 3 , Fluental, CaF 2 , Li 2 CO 3 , MgF 2 and Al 2 O 3
  • the reflector 1311 surrounds the slowing body 1312, and reflects the neutrons diffused around the slowing body 1312 back to the neutron beam N to improve the utilization of neutrons.
  • the material with strong ability is made, and in the present embodiment, the reflector 1311 is made by at least one in Pb or Ni; There is a thermal neutron absorber 1313 at the rear portion of the retarder 1312, which has a large cross-section with thermal neutrons.
  • the thermal neutron absorber 1313 is made of Li-6, and the thermal neutron absorber 1313 is used to absorb the thermal neutrons passing through the retarder 1312 to reduce the heat in the neutron beam N neutron content, to avoid excessive doses caused by superficial normal tissues during treatment. It is understandable that the thermal neutron absorber can also be integrated with the retarder, and the retarder material contains Li-6; the radiation shielding body 1314 Used to shield neutrons and photons leaking from parts other than the beam outlet 1315, the material of the radiation shielding body 1314 includes at least one of photon shielding material and neutron shielding material, in this embodiment, the material of the radiation shielding body 1314 Including photon shielding material lead (Pb) and neutron shielding material polyethylene (PE).
  • Pb photon shielding material lead
  • PE neutron shielding material polyethylene
  • the beam shaper 131 can also have other structures, as long as the epithermal neutron beam required for treatment can be obtained.
  • the collimator 132 is arranged at the rear of the beam outlet 1315, and the epithermal neutron beam coming out of the collimator 132 is irradiated to the irradiated body 200, and after passing through the shallow normal tissue, it is decelerated into thermal neutrons to reach the tumor cell M, It can be understood that the collimator 132 can also be canceled or replaced by other structures, and the neutron beam comes out from the beam outlet 1315 to directly irradiate the irradiated body 200 .
  • a radiation shielding device 30 is also provided between the irradiated body 200 and the beam outlet 1315 to shield the radiation from the beam coming out of the beam outlet 1315 to the normal tissues of the irradiated body. Radiation shielding device 30 .
  • the target T is arranged between the beam transmission part 12 and the beam shaper 131.
  • the beam transmission part 12 has a transmission tube C for accelerating or transmitting the charged particle beam P. In this embodiment, the transmission tube C is along the charged particle beam P.
  • the beam P extends into the beam shaping body 131, and passes through the reflector 1311 and the slowing body 1312 in turn, and the target T is arranged in the slowing body 1312 and is located at the end of the transmission tube C, so as to obtain better neutron radiation. beam quality. It is understood that other arrangements of targets are possible.
  • the boron neutron capture therapy system 100 is housed in a concrete building as a whole. Specifically, the boron neutron capture therapy system 100 also includes an irradiation room 101 and a charged particle beam generation room 102. The irradiated body 200 on the treatment table 20 The treatment of neutron beam N irradiation is carried out in the irradiation room 101, the charged particle beam generating room 102 at least partially houses the charged particle beam generating part 11 and the beam transmission part 12, and the beam shaper 20 is at least partly housed in the irradiation room 101 and the charged particle beam generating part 102. Inside the partition wall 103 of the particle beam generation chamber 102 .
  • the structure of the target T will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • the target T includes an active layer 1301 , an anti-foaming layer 1302 and a heat dissipation layer 1303 .
  • the action layer 1301 interacts with the charged particle beam P to generate a neutron beam.
  • the target will be irradiated by the accelerated charged particle beam P with a very high energy level, which will cause foaming and temperature rise of the target material, resulting in The service life of the material is reduced.
  • the anti-foaming layer 1302 is located behind the active layer 1301 along the incident direction of the charged particle beam P and can quickly diffuse the hydrogen generated in the target T by the incident charged particle beam P, weaken the concentration of hydrogen or release the hydrogen to the outside, effectively Inhibit the foaming caused by the incident charged particle beam P, thereby avoiding or reducing the deformation of the target T caused by the foaming and prolonging the life of the target; the anti-foaming layer 1302 is made of a material that inhibits foaming, such as hydrogen at 200°C A material with a diffusion coefficient not less than 10E-6 cm 2 /s.
  • the material of the anti-foaming layer 1302 includes at least one of Nb, Ta, Pd, V and their alloys and compounds.
  • the heat dissipation layer 1303 is located behind the anti-foaming layer 1303 along the incident direction of the charged particle beam P, and transfers the heat deposited in the target through the cooling medium to reduce the temperature of the target and prevent the deformation of the target caused by excessive temperature , to prolong the service life of the target;
  • the heat dissipation layer 1303 is made of thermally conductive material, and in one embodiment, the material of the heat dissipation layer 1303 includes at least one of Cu, Fe, Al and their alloys and compounds. It can be understood that the anti-foaming layer 1302 can also use a material that can conduct heat and suppress foaming.
  • the anti-foaming layer 1302 and the heat dissipation layer 1303 can be integrated;
  • the heat is directly and quickly conducted to the heat dissipation layer 1303.
  • the heat dissipation layer 1303 can have various configurations, such as circular, rectangular or other flat plates.
  • the cooling channel CP for the circulation of the cooling medium is formed on the heat dissipation layer 1303.
  • the heat dissipation layer 1303 also has a cooling inlet IN (not shown) and a cooling channel.
  • the outlet OUT (not shown in the figure), the cooling channel CP communicates with the cooling inlet IN and the cooling outlet OUT, and the cooling medium enters from the cooling inlet IN, passes through the cooling channel CP, and then exits from the cooling outlet OUT.
  • the target T is irradiated by the accelerated proton beam with high energy level and the temperature rises to generate heat.
  • the heat dissipation layer conducts the heat out, and the heat is taken out through the cooling medium circulating in the cooling channel, thereby cooling the target T.
  • the first and second cooling pipes D1 and D2 are arranged between the transmission pipe C and the reflector 1311 and slowing body 1312, and one end of the first and second cooling pipes D1 and D2 are connected to the cooling inlet of the target T IN is connected to the cooling outlet OUT, and the other end is connected to an external cooling source.
  • the cooling medium can be deionized water, which has extremely low electrical conductivity, so as to prevent leakage current and interference to the generation of neutron beams in a high-voltage environment.
  • the first and second cooling pipes can also be arranged in other ways In the beam shaping body, it can also be eliminated when the target material is placed outside the beam shaping body.
  • the target T can also include a support part (not shown) for supporting or installing the target, and the support part can also be used to install at least a part of the first and second cooling pipes D1 and D2, the cooling inlet IN and the cooling outlet OUT It can also be arranged on the support part, and the support part can be made of aluminum alloy material, and the half-life of the radioactive product after Al is activated by neutrons is relatively short, so as to reduce the secondary radiation.
  • the service life of the target T is extended as far as possible through the above settings, the service life of the target T is still limited and needs to be replaced periodically or after wear and tear. After the nuclear reaction occurs, the target that needs to be recycled after its service life has expired is removed and a new one is installed.
  • the embodiment of this application is intended to illustrate the installation of a new target, and does not describe in detail the disassembly and recovery of the old target.
  • the material of the active layer 12 is Li or its alloy or its compound. Since the chemical properties of Li metal are very active, it is easy to be oxidized or nitrided in the air, and a target replacement chamber 40 can be set for new target replacement.
  • the environment in the target replacement chamber 40 can be set as a dry environment. Li will not be oxidized, nitrided or oxidized in a certain dry environment, and the nitriding speed is very slow.
  • the dry environment is at atmospheric pressure.
  • the dew point temperature is Td ⁇ -30°C or the relative humidity RH ⁇ 0.6% at 25°C.
  • the target replacement chamber 40 is used to install the target T and make the beam transmission part 12 pass through the target replacement chamber 40, and the target replacement chamber 40 is formed in the charged particle beam generation part 11 on the beam transmission path Afterwards and different from the charged particle beam generation chamber 102 .
  • the target replacement chamber 40 is set in the charged particle beam generating chamber 102, and shares the partition wall 103 with the charged particle beam generating chamber 102.
  • the charged particle beam generating chamber 102 also has a ceiling 1021 and a floor 1022.
  • the target replacement chamber 40 is a semi-sealed dehumidification area.
  • the semi-sealed dehumidification area means that the formed space is not completely sealed, but the corresponding space can form an environment that meets the use requirements after the dehumidification equipment is turned on.
  • the target replacement chamber 40 is surrounded by a partition wall 103, a ceiling 1021, a floor 1022, and a curtain 41 arranged between the ceiling 1021 and the floor 1022 is formed and a dehumidifier 42 is arranged in this area.
  • the curtain 41 is fixed on the ceiling 1021 and extends downward.
  • the cross section of the curtain 41 in the direction parallel to the ground can be [-type, C-type, etc.
  • the curtain 41 can be multi-piece and arranged without intervals in sequence, the cost of the curtain 41 is low, easy to install, and convenient to enter and exit , after the dehumidifier 42 is set, the requirement of a dry environment can also be met.
  • the material of the curtain 41 is PVC, and the product after being irradiated by neutrons does not have radioactivity or the radioactive activity is extremely low, so as to reduce the secondary radiation produced. It can be understood that other products that are not irradiated by neutrons can also be used.
  • the shell of dehumidifier 42 can use neutron shielding materials or set radiation shielding outside the dehumidifier to avoid neutralization. Radiation damage to the dehumidifier 42 is caused by neutrons generated during the electron capture therapy process. It can be understood that the target replacement chamber 40 can also be formed by only being surrounded by the ceiling 1021, the floor 1022, and the curtain 41 arranged between the ceiling 1021 and the floor 1022.
  • the cross section of the curtain 41 in the direction parallel to the ground is a closed ring; It can also be surrounded by the ceiling 1021, the floor 1022, the curtain 41 arranged between the ceiling 1021 and the floor 1022, and the wall W adjacent to the partition wall 103.
  • the cross section of the curtain 41 in the direction parallel to the ground can be a Font or L-shaped.
  • the target replacement chamber 40 can also have a top 43 and a support portion (not shown) supporting the top 43, the support portion supports the top 43 on the ceiling 1021 or the floor 1022 or the wall of the charged particle beam generation chamber 102,
  • the curtain 41 is fixed on the outer edge of the top 43 and extends downward to the floor 1022.
  • the top 43, the floor 1022 and the curtain 41 are surrounded to form or the top 43, the floor 1022 are surrounded by the curtain 41 and the partition wall 103 to form the target replacement chamber 40.
  • the target replacement chamber 40 may also be movable, and only moved to a desired position when a new target is installed.
  • the target replacement chamber 40 can also be a drying room equipped with drying equipment, purification equipment, gas circulation system, etc., and can be set in the charged particle beam generating room 102, or the charged particle beam generating room 102 can be set as a drying room.
  • the transmission tube C can be adjustable in length to provide space for the replacement of the target T.
  • the transmission tube C is a hollow tube in an internal vacuum state.
  • the beam transmission part 12 can include first, second and third transmission tubes 121, 122 , 123, the second transmission pipe 122 is detachably connected to the first and third transmission pipes 121, 123 respectively.
  • the target material T is set at the end of the first transmission tube 121 and can be disassembled together with the first transmission tube 121. Since there is a large amount of residual radiation on the target material T after the nuclear reaction, it is necessary to avoid personnel contact as much as possible.
  • the mechanism controls the first transfer pipe 121 to automatically move out and enter the recovery device (not shown) after it is disconnected.
  • the first, second and third transfer pipes 121, 122, 123 can maintain a vacuum state.
  • the first and second transfer pipes 121, 122 and part of the third transfer pipe 123 are arranged in the target replacement chamber 40, and the third transfer pipe 123 passes through the target replacement chamber 40, such as setting the curtain 41 with the The corresponding hole of the third transfer tube 123; it can be understood that the first transfer tube 121 and part of the second transfer tube 122 can also be arranged in the target replacement chamber 40, the second transfer tube 122 passes through the target replacement chamber 40, and the second transfer tube 122 can pass through the target replacement chamber 40.
  • the three transfer pipes 123 are arranged outside the target replacement chamber 40 .
  • the overall length of the transfer tube C is changed, so that the first transfer tube 121 with the target material T at the end is removed
  • the beam shaper 131 leaves room to make way. It can be understood that the length of the transmission tube C can also be adjusted through other settings, such as using a telescopic tube.
  • the third transmission tube 123 can also be provided with a beam adjustment device, so as not to be installed on the first or second transmission tube, so that the beam current will be affected or damaged when the target material T is replaced.
  • the installation steps of the target material T are as follows:
  • S10 pre-accommodating the active layer 1301 in the target replacement chamber 40, such as before installation, take out the sealed target T provided with the active layer 1301 from the storage chamber (not shown in the figure) and place it in the target replacement chamber 40, and unseal in the target replacement chamber 40;
  • the target T extends into the beam shaper 131, and the first and second cooling pipes D1, D2 and the cooling layer 1303 of the target T are provided between the transmission tube C and the beam shaper 131.
  • Channel CP connection, between S20 and S30 also includes steps:
  • S60 can also be after S30 or after S40.
  • S60 can be operated in the target replacement chamber 40 or outside the target replacement chamber 40.
  • the first and second cooling pipes D1 and D2 can be fixed on the first On the transfer tube 121; the first transfer tube 121 and the target material T can also be packaged integrally to improve the efficiency of target replacement.
  • unsealed and connected to the first and second cooling pipes D1 and D2 in the material replacement chamber 40; 121 can also be equipped with detection devices, such as target temperature detection, neutron or gamma radiation detection and so on.
  • the present invention can also be applied to neutron beam generating devices or other particle beam generating devices whose target active layer is other easily oxidized or nitrided materials, and can also be applied to other medical and non-medical fields.

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Abstract

一种中子捕获治疗系统（100），包括带电粒子束生成部（11）、射束传输部（12）和中子束生成部（13），中子束生成部（13）包括靶材（T），靶材（T）与带电粒子束生成部（11）产生的带电粒子束（P）作用产生中子束（N），中子捕获治疗系统（100）还包括带电粒子束生成室（102）和靶材更换室（40），带电粒子束生成室（102）至少部分容纳带电粒子束生成部（11）和射束传输部（12），靶材更换室（40）用于安装靶材（T）并且使得射束传输部（12）穿过靶材更换室（40），靶材更换室（40）在射束传输路径上形成于带电粒子束生成部（11）之后并且不同于带电粒子束生成室（102）。通过设置靶材更换室（40）进行靶材（T）的安装，可以对靶材更换室（40）内的环境进行设置，避免了安装过程中靶材（T）的氧化或氮化，操作简单、成本较低。

Description

中子捕获治疗系统 技术领域
本发明涉及放射线照射系统，尤其是一种中子捕获治疗系统。
背景技术
随着原子科学的发展，例如钴六十、直线加速器、电子射束等放射线治疗已成为癌症治疗的主要手段之一。然而传统光子或电子治疗受到放射线本身物理条件的限制，在杀死肿瘤细胞的同时，也会对射束途径上大量的正常组织造成伤害；另外由于肿瘤细胞对放射线敏感程度的不同，传统放射治疗对于较具抗辐射性的恶性肿瘤(如：多行性胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma multiforme)、黑色素细胞瘤(melanoma))的治疗成效往往不佳。
为了减少肿瘤周边正常组织的辐射伤害，化学治疗(chemoherapy)中的标靶治疗概念便被应用于放射线治疗中；而针对高抗辐射性的肿瘤细胞，目前也积极发展具有高相对生物效应(relaive biological effeciveness,RBE)的辐射源，如质子治疗、重粒子治疗、中子捕获治疗等。其中，中子捕获治疗便是结合上述两种概念，如硼中子捕获治疗，借由含硼药物在肿瘤细胞的特异性集聚，配合精准的中子射束调控，提供比传统放射线更好的癌症治疗选择。
在加速器中子捕获治疗系统中，通过加速器将带电粒子束加速，带电粒子束加速至足以克服靶原子核库伦斥力的能量，与靶发生核反应以产生中子，因此在产生中子的过程中，靶会受到高功率的加速带电粒子束的照射，靶的温度会大幅上升，从而影响靶的使用寿命。为了稳定地产生中子，需要将旧靶替换为新靶，而常作为靶作用层的Li在空气中极易被氧化或氮化从而降低靶的功效，在作用层外面设置抗氧化层又会增加成本且消耗一部分带电粒子束的能量，如何在不被氧化的条件下进行新靶的安装就十分重要，通常使用手套箱在充满惰性气体的空间中进行Li操作，但对于靶的安装来说操作困难、成本较高。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明一方面提供了一种中子捕获治疗系统，包括带电粒子束生成部、射束传输部和中子束生成部，所述带电粒子束生成部用于产生带电粒子束，所述射束传输部将所述带电粒子束传输至所述中子束生成部，所述中子束生成部包括靶材，所述靶材与所述带电粒子束作用产生中子束，所述中子捕获治疗系统还包括带电粒子束生成室和靶材更换室，所述带电粒子束生成室至少部分容纳所述带电粒子束生成部和所述射束传输部，所述靶材更换室用于安装所述靶材并且使得所述射束传输部穿过所述靶材更换室，所述靶材更 换室在射束传输路径上形成于所述带电粒子束生成部之后并且不同于所述带电粒子束生成室。通过设置靶材更换室进行靶材的安装，可以对靶材更换室内的环境进行设置，避免了安装过程中靶材的氧化或氮化，操作简单、成本较低。
作为一种优选地，所述靶材包括作用层，所述作用层与所述带电粒子束作用产生所述中子束，所述作用层预先容纳在所述靶材更换室内。
进一步地，所述作用层的材料为Li或其合金或其化合物，所述带电粒子束为质子束，所述质子束与所述作用层发生 7Li(p,n) 7Be核反应产生所述中子束。
作为一种优选地，所述靶材更换室内的环境在大气压下的露点温度为Td≤-30℃或在25℃下的相对湿度RH≤0.6％。
作为一种优选地，所述靶材包括冷却通道，所述粒子束产生装置还包括与所述冷却通道连接的第一、第二冷却管。
作为一种优选地，所述中子束生成部还包括射束整形体，所述射束整形体能够调整所述带电粒子束与靶材作用产生的中子束的射束品质，所述中子捕获治疗系统还包括照射室，被照射体在所述照射室中进行所述中子束照射的治疗，所述射束整形体至少部分容纳在所述照射室和所述带电粒子束生成室的分隔壁内，所述靶材安装在射束整形体内，所述靶材更换室设置在所述带电粒子束生成室内。
进一步地，所述带电粒子束生成室具有天花板和地板，所述靶材更换室为由所述分隔壁、所述天花板、所述地板和设置在所述天花板和所述地板之间的帘子包围形成的半密封的除湿区域并在所述区域内设置除湿机；或者所述靶材更换室包括顶部，所述靶材更换室为由所述分隔壁、所述顶部、所述地板和设置在所述顶部和所述地板之间的帘子包围形成的半密封的除湿区域并在所述区域内设置除湿机。帘子成本较低、安装方便，方便进出，设置除湿机后也能够达到干燥环境的要求。
更进一步地，所述帘子为多片式并依次无间隔地排布；所述帘子采用被中子照射后的产物不具有放射性或被中子照射后的产物放射性活度低或被中子照射后产生的放射性同位素半衰期短的材料；所述除湿机外壳采用中子屏蔽材料或在所述除湿机外部设置辐射屏蔽。
作为一种优选地，所述射束传输部包括长度可调节的传输管，所述靶材设置在所述传输管的端部，所述传输管设置有所述靶材的一端设置在所述靶材更换室内。
进一步地，所述射束传输部包括第一、第二、第三传输管，所述第二传输管分别与所述第一、第三传输管可拆卸连接，所述靶材设置在所述第一传输管的端部，所述第一传输管和至少部分所述第二传输管设置在所述靶材更换室内，所述第二或第三传输管穿过所述靶材更换 室。
更进一步地，所述第三传输管上设置束流调整装置；所述第一传输管上设置检测装置。
本发明第二方面提供了一种用于粒子束产生装置的靶材的安装方法，所述靶材包括用于产生粒子束的作用层，所述粒子束产生装置包括传输管，所述靶材安装在所述传输管的端部，所述安装方法包括：将所述作用层预先容纳在靶材更换室内；在所述靶材更换室内将所述靶材安装在所述传输管的端部；在所述靶材更换室内将所述靶材安装到所述粒子束产生装置。通过设置靶材更换室进行靶材的安装，可以对靶材更换室内的环境进行设置，避免了安装过程中靶材的氧化或氮化，操作简单、成本较低。
作为一种优选地，所述传输管包括第一传输管和第二传输管，所述靶材安装在所述第一传输管的端部，所述第二传输管的长度可调节，在所述靶材更换室内通过将所述第一传输管与所述第二传输管连接并调节所述第二传输管的长度，使得所述靶材安装到所述粒子束产生装置。
作为一种优选地，所述粒子束产生装置还包括射束整形体，所述靶材设置在所述射束整形体内，所述靶材包括冷却通道，所述粒子束产生装置还包括与所述冷却通道连接的第一、第二冷却管，所述安装方法还包括：在所述靶材更换室内将所述第一、第二冷却管与所述靶材的冷却通道连接；在所述靶材更换室内将所述传输管安装有所述靶材的端部伸入所述射束整形体；将所述第一、第二冷却管连接到外部冷却源。
作为一种优选地，所述靶材更换室内的环境在大气压下的露点温度为Td≤-30℃或在25℃下的相对湿度RH≤0.6％。
本发明所述的中子捕获治疗系统及用于粒子束产生装置的靶材的安装方法，通过设置靶材更换室进行靶材的安装，避免了靶材的氧化，操作简单、成本较低。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的中子捕获治疗系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中的靶材结构示意图；
图3为图1中的带电粒子束生成室及靶材更换室在另一方向的示意图；
图4为本发明另一实施例的带电粒子束生成室及靶材更换室的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中的靶材安装方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
如图1，本实施例中的中子捕获治疗系统优选为硼中子捕获治疗系统100，硼中子捕获治疗系统100是利用硼中子捕获疗法进行癌症治疗的装置。硼中子捕获疗法通过对注射有硼(B-10)的被照射体200照射中子束N来进行癌症治疗，被照射体200服用或注射含硼(B-10)药物后，含硼药物选择性地聚集在肿瘤细胞M中，然后利用含硼(B-10)药物对热中子具有高捕获截面的特性，借由 10B(n,α) 7Li中子捕获及核分裂反应产生 4He和 7Li两个重荷电粒子。两荷电粒子的平均能量约为2.33MeV，具有高线性转移(Linear Energy Transfer,LET)、短射程特征，α短粒子的线性能量转移与射程分别为150keV/μm、8μm，而 7Li重荷粒子则为175keV/μm、5μm，两粒子的总射程约相当于一个细胞大小，因此对于生物体造成的辐射伤害能局限在细胞层级，便能在不对正常组织造成太大伤害的前提下，达到局部杀死肿瘤细胞的目的。
硼中子捕获治疗系统100包括中子束产生装置10和治疗台20，中子束产生装置10包括带电粒子束生成部11、射束传输部12和中子束生成部13。带电粒子束生成部11产生如质子束的带电粒子束P；射束传输部12，将带电粒子束P传输至中子束生成部13；中子束生成部13产生治疗用中子束N并照射向治疗台20上的被照射体200。
带电粒子束生成部11可以包括离子源111和加速器112，离子源111用于产生带电粒子，如H -、质子、氘核等；加速器112对离子源111产生的带电粒子加速以获得所需能量的带电粒子束P，如质子束。
中子束生成部13可以包括靶材T、射束整形体131、准直器132，加速器112产生的带电粒子束P经射束传输部12照射到靶材T并与靶材T作用产生中子，产生的中子依次通过射束整形体131和准直器132形成治疗用中子束N并照射向治疗台20上的被照射体200。靶材T优选为金属靶材。依据所需的中子产率与能量、可提供的加速带电粒子能量与电流大小、金属靶材的物化性等特性来挑选合适的核反应，常被讨论的核反应有 7Li(p,n) 7Be及 9Be(p,n) 9B，这两种反应皆为吸热反应。两种核反应的能量阀值分别为1.881MeV和2.055MeV，由于硼中子捕获治疗的理想中子源为keV能量等级的超热中子，理论上若使用能量仅稍高于阀值的质子轰击金属锂靶材，可产生相对低能的中子，不需太多的缓速处理便可用于临床，然而锂金属(Li)和铍金属(Be)两种靶材与阀值能量的质子作用截面不高，为产生足够大的中子通量，通常选用较高能量的质子来引发核反应。理想的靶材应具备高中子产率、产生的中子能量分布接近超热中子能区(将在下文详细描述)、无太多强穿辐射产生、安全便宜易于操作且耐高温等特性，但实际上并无法找到符合所有要求的核反应。本领域技术人员熟知的，靶材T也可以由Li、Be之外的金属材料制成，例如由Ta或W及其合金、化合物等形成。加速器10可以是直线加速器、回旋加速器、同步加速器、同步回旋加速器。
射束整形体131能够调整带电粒子束P与靶材T作用产生的中子束N的射束品质，准直器132用以汇聚中子束N，使中子束N在进行治疗的过程中具有较高的靶向性。射束整形体131进一步包括反射体1311、缓速体1312、热中子吸收体1313、辐射屏蔽体1314和射束出口1315，带电粒子束P与靶材T作用生成的中子由于能谱很广，除了超热中子满足治疗需要以外，需要尽可能的减少其他种类的中子及光子含量以避免对操作人员或被照射体造成伤害，因此从靶材T出来的中子需要经过缓速体1312将其中的快中子能量(＞40keV)调整到超热中子能区(0.5eV-40keV)并尽可能减少热中子(＜0.5eV)，缓速体312由与快中子作用截面大、超热中子作用截面小的材料制成，本实施例中，缓速体1312由D 2O、AlF 3、Fluental、CaF 2、Li 2CO 3、MgF 2和Al 2O 3中的至少一种制成；反射体1311包围缓速体1312，并将穿过缓速体1312向四周扩散的中子反射回中子射束N以提高中子的利用率，由具有中子反射能力强的材料制成，本实施例中，反射体1311由Pb或Ni中的至少一种制成；缓速体1312后部有一个热中子吸收体1313，由与热中子作用截面大的材料制成，本实施例中，热中子吸收体1313由Li-6制成，热中子吸收体1313用于吸收穿过缓速体1312的热中子以减少中子束N中热中子的含量，避免治疗时与浅层正常组织造成过多剂量，可以理解，热中子吸收体也可以是和缓速体一体的，缓速体的材料中含有Li-6；辐射屏蔽体1314用于屏蔽从射束出口1315以外部分渗漏的中子和光子，辐射屏蔽体1314的材料包括光子屏蔽材料和中子屏蔽材料中的至少一种，本实施例中，辐射屏蔽体1314的材料包括光子屏蔽材料铅(Pb)和中子屏蔽材料聚乙烯(PE)。可以理解，射束整形体131还可以有其他的构造，只要能够获得治疗所需超热中子束即可。准直器132设置在射束出口1315后部，从准直器132出来的超热中子束向被照射体200照射，经浅层正常组织后被缓速为热中子到达肿瘤细胞M，可以理解，准直器132也可以取消或由其他结构代替，中子束从射束出口1315出来直接向被照射体200照射。本实施例中，被照射体200和射束出口1315之间还设置了辐射屏蔽装置30，屏蔽从射束出口1315出来的射束对被照射体正常组织的辐射，可以理解，也可以不设置辐射屏蔽装置30。靶材T设置在射束传输部12和射束整形体131之间，射束传输部12具有对带电粒子束P进行加速或传输的传输管C，本实施例中，传输管C沿带电粒子束P方向伸入射束整形体131，并依次穿过反射体1311和缓速体1312，靶材T设置在缓速体1312内并位于传输管C的端部，以得到较好的中子射束品质。可以理解，靶材可以有其他的设置。
硼中子捕获治疗系统100整体容纳在混凝土构造的建筑物中，具体来说，硼中子捕获治疗系统100还包括照射室101和带电粒子束生成室102，治疗台20上的被照射体200在照射室101中进行中子束N照射的治疗，带电粒子束生成室102至少部分容纳带电粒子束生成部11和射束传输部12，射束整形体20至少部分容纳在照射室101和带电粒子束生成室102的分隔壁103内。
下面结合图2对靶材T的结构做详细的说明。
靶材T包括作用层1301、抗发泡层1302和散热层1303。作用层1301与带电粒子束P作用产生中子束，在产生中子的过程中靶材会受到非常高能量等级的加速带电粒子束P的照射，从而引起靶材起泡和温度上升，造成靶材使用寿命降低。抗发泡层1302沿带电粒子束P入射方向位于作用层1301的后面并能够快速扩散由入射带电粒子束P在靶材T中产生的氢，减弱氢的集中度或将氢释放到外部，有效抑制入射带电粒子束P引起的起泡，从而避免或减少靶材T由起泡引起的变形，延长靶材寿命；抗发泡层1302抑制发泡的材料制成，如在200℃下的氢扩散系数不小于10E-6cm 2/s的材料，一实施例中，抗发泡层1302的材料包括Nb、Ta、Pd、V及其合金、化合物中的至少一种。散热层1303沿带电粒子束P入射方向位于抗发泡层1303的后面并将沉积在靶材中的热量传递出来通过冷却介质排出，降低靶材的温度，防止靶材由温度过高引起的变形，延长靶材寿命；散热层1303由导热材料制成，一实施例中，散热层1303的材料包括Cu、Fe、Al及其合金、化合物中的至少一种。可以理解，抗发泡层1302还可以采用既能导热又能抑制发泡的材料，此时，抗发泡层1302和散热层1303可以是一体的；也可以设置导热层将沉积在作用层1301的热量直接快速传导到散热层1303。散热层1303可以有多种构造，如圆形、矩形或其他形状的平板状，散热层1303上形成供冷却介质流通的冷却通道CP，散热层1303还具有冷却进口IN(图未示)和冷却出口OUT(图未示)，冷却通道CP连通冷却进口IN和冷却出口OUT，冷却介质从冷却进口IN进入，通过冷却通道CP，然后从冷却出口OUT出来。靶材T受到高能量等级的加速质子束照射温度升高发热，散热层将热量导出，并通过流通在冷却通道内的冷却介质将热量带出，从而对靶材T进行冷却。
本实施例中，传输管C与反射体1311和缓速体1312之间设置第一、第二冷却管D1、D2，第一、第二冷却管D1、D2的一端分别与靶材T的冷却进口IN和冷却出口OUT连接，另一端连接到外部冷却源。冷却介质可以为去离子水，具备极低的电导率，防止在高电压环境下产生漏电流及对中子束的生成产生干扰，可以理解，第一、第二冷却管还可以以其他方式设置在射束整形体内，当靶材置于射束整形体之外时，还可以取消。靶材T还可以包括用于支撑或安装靶材的支撑部(图未示)，支撑部还可以用于安装第一、第二冷却管D1、D2的至少一部分，冷却进口IN和冷却出口OUT也可以设置在支撑部上，支撑部可以由铝合金材料制成，Al被中子活化后的放射性产物半衰期较短，降低二次辐射。
尽管通过上述设置尽量延长靶材T的使用寿命，靶材T的寿命仍然是有限的，需要定期或损耗后更换，将发生核反应后、已到使用寿命需进行回收的靶材拆卸并安装新的靶材，本申请的实施例旨在说明新靶材的安装，对旧的靶材的拆卸回收不做详细描述。本实施例中，作 用层12的材料为Li或其合金或其化合物，由于Li金属的化学特性非常活泼，在空气中容易被氧化或氮化，可以设置靶材更换室40进行新的靶材T的安装，靶材更换室40内的环境可以设置为干燥环境，Li在一定的干燥环境中不会被氧化、氮化或氧化、氮化速度非常慢，一实施例中，干燥环境在大气压下的露点温度为Td≤-30℃或在25℃下的相对湿度RH≤0.6％。
一实施例中，靶材更换室40用于安装靶材T并且使得射束传输部12穿过靶材更换室40，靶材更换室40在射束传输路径上形成于带电粒子束生成部11之后并且不同于带电粒子束生成室102。结合图3，靶材更换室40设置在带电粒子束生成室102内，与带电粒子束生成室102共用分隔壁103，带电粒子束生成室102还具有天花板1021、地板1022，本实施例中，靶材更换室40为半密封的除湿区域，此处，半密封的除湿区域即指形成的空间不完全密闭，但除湿设备开启后相应的空间内能够形成达到使用要求的环境。靶材更换室40由分隔壁103、天花板1021、地板1022和设置在天花板1021和地板1022之间的帘子41包围形成并在该区域内设置除湿机42，帘子41固定在天花板1021上并向下延伸到地板1022，帘子41在平行于地面方向的横截面可以为[型、C型等，帘子41可以为多片式并依次无间隔地排布，帘子41成本较低、安装方便，方便进出，设置除湿机42后也能够达到干燥环境的要求。可以理解，帘子41的材料为PVC的，被中子照射后的产物不具有放射性或放射性活度极低，降低产生的二次辐射，可以理解，也可以采用其他被中子照射后的产物不具有放射性或被中子照射后的产物放射性活度低或被中子照射后产生的放射性同位素半衰期短的材料；除湿机42外壳可以采用中子屏蔽材料或在除湿机外部设置辐射屏蔽，避免中子捕获治疗过程中产生的中子对除湿42机造成辐射损坏。可以理解，靶材更换室40也可以仅由天花板1021、地板1022、设置在天花板1021和地板1022之间的帘子41包围形成，此时帘子41在平行于地面方向的横截面为封闭的环；还可以由天花板1021、地板1022、设置在天花板1021和地板1022之间的帘子41、及与分隔壁103相邻的壁W包围形成，此时帘子41在平行于地面方向的横截面可以为一字型或L型。如图4，靶材更换室40还可以具有顶部43及支撑顶部43的支撑部(图未示)，支撑部将顶部43支撑在天花板1021或地板1022或带电粒子束生成室102的壁部，帘子41固定在顶部43外缘并向下延伸到地板1022，顶部43、地板1022与帘子41包围形成或顶部43、地板1022与帘子41、分隔壁103共同包围形成靶材更换室40，此时，靶材更换室40还可以是可移动的，仅在安装新靶时移动到所需位置。靶材更换室40还可以为配备了干燥设备、净化设备、气体循环系统等的干燥房，可以设置在带电粒子束生成室102内，或者将带电粒子束生成室102设置成干燥房。
传输管C可以为长度可调节的，为靶材T的更换提供空间，传输管C为内部真空状态的中空管状，射束传输部12可以包括第一、第二、第三传输管121、122、123，第二传输管122分别与第一、第三传输管121、123可拆卸连接。靶材T设置在第一传输管121的端部，能够 与第一传输管121一同拆卸下来，由于发生核反应后的靶材T上有大量的辐射线残留，需尽量避免人员接触，如通过控制机构在第一传输管121断开后控制其自动移出进入回收装置(未示出)，在拆分过程中，第一、第二、第三传输管121、122、123可保持真空状态。在安装状态，第一、第二传输管121、122和部分第三传输管123设置在靶材更换室40内，第三传输管123穿过靶材更换室40，如将帘子41上设置与第三传输管123相应的孔洞；可以理解，也可以是第一传输管121和部分第二传输管122设置在靶材更换室40内，第二传输管122穿过靶材更换室40，第三传输管123设置在靶材更换室40外。通过将第二传输管122分别与第一、第三传输管121、123拆分并移出，改变了传输管C的整体长度，这样就为端部带有靶材T的第一传输管121移出射束整形体131留出了让位空间。可以理解，还可以通过其他的设置实现传输管C长度可调节，如采用伸缩管。第三传输管123上还可以设置束流调整装置，避免设置在第一或第二传输管上，使得更换靶材T时影响束流或损坏。
使用后的靶材T回收后在靶材更换室40内进行新的靶材的安装，如图5，靶材T的安装步骤如下：
S10：将作用层1301预先容纳在靶材更换室40内，如安装前，将密封的设置有作用层1301的靶材T从存储室(图未示)取出放置到靶材更换室40内，并在靶材更换室40内开封；
S20：在靶材更换室40内将靶材T安装在传输管C的端部，如通过支撑部安装到第一传输管121的端部；
S30：在靶材更换室40内将靶材T安装到位，如将第一传输管121与传输管C的其余部分连接并调节传输管C的其余部分的长度，本实施例中，将拆卸下来的第二传输管122连接到第一、第三传输管121、123之间。
本实施例中，靶材T伸入射束整形体131内，且传输管C与射束整形体131之间设置第一、第二冷却管D1、D2与靶材T的散热层1303的冷却通道CP连接，S20和S30之间还包括步骤：
S40：在靶材更换室40将第一、第二冷却管D1、D2与靶材T的冷却通道CP连接；
S50：在靶材更换室40将传输管C连接有靶材T的端部伸入射束整形体131；
S60：将第一、第二冷却管D1、D2连接到外部冷却源；
可以理解，S60也可以在S30之后或S40之后，S60可以在靶材更换室40内操作也可以在靶材更换室40外操作，第一、第二冷却管D1、D2可以是固定在第一传输管121上；第一传输管121和靶材T也可以是一体封装的，提高换靶效率，将靶材T和第一传输管121的整体预先容纳在靶材更换室40内，在靶材更换室40内将其开封并连接第一、第二冷却管D1、 D2；第一、第二冷却管D1、D2也可以至少部分和第一传输管121是一体封装的，第一传输管121上还可以设置检测装置，如靶材温度检测、中子或γ辐射线检测等。
可以理解，本发明还可以应用于靶材作用层为其他易氧化、氮化材料的中子束产生装置或其他粒子束产生装置，还可以应用于其他医疗和非医疗领域。
尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行了描述，以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明，但应该清楚，本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围，对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲，只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内，这些变化是显而易见的，都在本发明要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种中子捕获治疗系统，包括带电粒子束生成部、射束传输部和中子束生成部，所述带电粒子束生成部用于产生带电粒子束，所述射束传输部将所述带电粒子束传输至所述中子束生成部，所述中子束生成部包括靶材，所述靶材与所述带电粒子束作用产生中子束，其特征在于，所述中子捕获治疗系统还包括带电粒子束生成室和靶材更换室，所述带电粒子束生成室至少部分容纳所述带电粒子束生成部和所述射束传输部，所述靶材更换室用于安装所述靶材并且使得所述射束传输部穿过所述靶材更换室，所述靶材更换室在射束传输路径上形成于所述带电粒子束生成部之后并且不同于所述带电粒子束生成室。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述靶材包括作用层，所述作用层与所述带电粒子束作用产生所述中子束，所述作用层预先容纳在所述靶材更换室内。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述作用层的材料为Li或其合金或其化合物，所述带电粒子束为质子束，所述质子束与所述作用层发生 7Li(p,n) 7Be核反应产生所述中子束。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述靶材更换室内的环境在大气压下的露点温度为Td≤-30℃或在25℃下的相对湿度RH≤0.6％。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述靶材包括冷却通道，所述中子捕获治疗系统还包括与所述冷却通道连接的第一、第二冷却管。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述中子束生成部还包括射束整形体，所述射束整形体能够调整所述带电粒子束与靶材作用产生的中子束的射束品质，所述中子捕获治疗系统还包括照射室，被照射体在所述照射室中进行所述中子束照射的治疗，所述射束整形体至少部分容纳在所述照射室和所述带电粒子束生成室的分隔壁内，所述靶材安装在射束整形体内，所述靶材更换室设置在所述带电粒子束生成室内。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述带电粒子束生成室具有天花板和地板，所述靶材更换室为由所述分隔壁、所述天花板、所述地板和设置在所述天花板和所述地板之间的帘子包围形成的半密封的除湿区域并在所述区域内设置除湿机；或者所述靶材更换室包括顶部，所述靶材更换室为由所述分隔壁、所述顶部、所述地板和设置在所述顶部和所述地板之间的帘子包围形成的半密封的除湿区域并在所述区域内设置除湿机。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述帘子为多片式并依次无间隔地排布；所述帘子采用被中子照射后的产物不具有放射性或被中子照射后的产物放射性活度低或被中子照射后产生的放射性同位素半衰期短的材料；所述除湿机外壳采用中子屏蔽材料或在所述除湿机外部设置辐射屏蔽。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述射束传输部包括长度可调节的传输管，所述靶材设置在所述传输管的端部，所述传输管设置有所述靶材的一端设置在所述靶材更换室内。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述射束传输部包括第一、第二、第三传输管，所述第二传输管分别与所述第一、第三传输管可拆卸连接，所述靶材设置在所述第一传输管的端部，所述第一传输管和至少部分所述第二传输管设置在所述靶材更换室内，所述第二或第三传输管穿过所述靶材更换室。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的中子捕获治疗系统，其特征在于，所述第三传输管上设置束流调整装置，所述第一传输管上设置检测装置。
  12. 一种用于粒子束产生装置的靶材的安装方法，所述靶材包括用于产生粒子束的作用层，所述粒子束产生装置包括传输管，所述靶材安装在所述传输管的端部，其特征在于，所述安装方法包括：
    将所述作用层预先容纳在靶材更换室内；
    在所述靶材更换室内将所述靶材安装在所述传输管的端部；
    在所述靶材更换室内将所述靶材安装到所述粒子束产生装置。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的安装方法，其特征在于，所述传输管包括第一传输管和第二传输管，所述靶材安装在所述第一传输管的端部，所述第二传输管的长度可调节，在所述靶材更换室内通过将所述第一传输管与所述第二传输管连接并调节所述第二传输管的长度，使得所述靶材安装到所述粒子束产生装置。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的安装方法，其特征在于，所述粒子束产生装置还包括射束整形体，所述靶材设置在所述射束整形体内，所述靶材包括冷却通道，所述粒子束产生装置还包括与所述冷却通道连接的第一、第二冷却管，所述安装方法还包括：
    在所述靶材更换室内将所述第一、第二冷却管与所述靶材的冷却通道连 接；
    在所述靶材更换室内将所述传输管安装有所述靶材的端部伸入所述射束整形体；
    将所述第一、第二冷却管连接到外部冷却源。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的安装方法，其特征在于，所述靶材更换室内的环境在大气压下的露点温度为Td≤-30℃或在25℃下的相对湿度RH≤0.6％。
PCT/CN2022/119798 2021-09-26 2022-09-20 中子捕获治疗系统 Ceased WO2023045904A1 (zh)

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