WO2023048446A1 - 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우, 이를 적용한 자동차 및 건물용 창호 - Google Patents
광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우, 이를 적용한 자동차 및 건물용 창호 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023048446A1 WO2023048446A1 PCT/KR2022/014006 KR2022014006W WO2023048446A1 WO 2023048446 A1 WO2023048446 A1 WO 2023048446A1 KR 2022014006 W KR2022014006 W KR 2022014006W WO 2023048446 A1 WO2023048446 A1 WO 2023048446A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- transparent conductive
- polarizing plate
- optical laminate
- polarizer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13396—Spacers having different sizes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13398—Spacer materials; Spacer properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133635—Multifunctional compensators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/01—Number of plates being 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/05—Single plate on one side of the LC cell
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/08—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with a particular optical axis orientation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate and a manufacturing method thereof, a smart window including the same, and windows and doors for automobiles and buildings to which the same is applied.
- an external light blocking coating is applied to a window of a means of transportation such as a vehicle.
- the transmittance of a window of a conventional means of transportation is fixed, and the external light blocking coating also has a fixed transmittance. Therefore, the entire transmittance of the window of the conventional means of transportation is fixed, which may cause an accident. For example, if the overall transmittance is set low, there is no problem during the daytime when the ambient light is sufficient, but at night when the ambient light is not sufficient, the driver may have difficulty properly checking the surroundings of the means of transportation. There was a problem.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-010035 discloses a variable transmittance optical laminate driven by driving a liquid crystal to vary transmittance according to application of a voltage.
- variable transmittance optical layered body also has a problem that the light-shielding property in the light-shielding mode is insufficient.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate with improved light-shielding properties in a light-shielding mode by adjusting the phase difference of the retardation layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate with improved light-shielding properties in a light-shielding mode by adjusting the optical axis of the retardation layer and the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer to have a predetermined angle.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having improved light-shielding properties in a light-shielding mode by adjusting the orientation axis of the liquid crystal layer and the absorption axis of the polarizer to have a predetermined angle.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a simplified manufacturing process by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a significantly reduced thickness by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having improved transmittance in a light transmission mode by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate and a window for a vehicle or building to which the same is applied.
- the present invention comprising a first polarizer, a first polarizing plate; a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizer facing the first polarizer and including a second polarizer; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and facing the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate includes a retardation layer, and an in-plane surface of the retardation layer
- the retardation value is 230 to 280 nm
- the optical axis of the retardation layer has an alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer and an angle between 43 ° and 47 °, and relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer may have an angle of 20° to 25° with an absorption axis or a transmission axis of at least one of the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
- an absorption axis of the first polarizer and an absorption axis of the second polarizer may be parallel to each other.
- the liquid crystal layer may be driven in a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode.
- the retardation layer may be formed on an inner surface of at least one of the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is formed in direct contact with any one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. It may be
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is separated from any one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. It may be formed by direct contact without including a substrate of.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is bonded to any one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. It may be formed by direct contact, including an easy layer.
- At least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is made of a transparent conductive oxide, a metal, a carbon-based material, a conductive polymer, conductive ink, and nanowires. It may include one or more selected from the group.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may include one or more functional layers selected from the group consisting of a protective layer and a refractive index adjusting layer.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may have a thickness of 30 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a ball spacer and a column spacer.
- the ball spacer may have a diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the area occupied by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer may be 0.01% to 10% of the area of the liquid crystal layer.
- variable transmittance optical laminate may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of an alignment film, an adhesive layer, an ultraviolet ray absorbing layer, and a hard coating layer.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an interior partition.
- the present invention relates to a window for a building, including the smart window.
- variable transmittance optical laminate by appropriately adjusting the retardation of the retardation layer, the light blocking property in the light blocking mode may be improved compared to the conventional optical laminate.
- variable transmittance optical laminate by adjusting the optical axis of the retardation layer and the orientation axis of the liquid crystal layer to have a predetermined angle, the light blocking property in the light blocking mode may be improved compared to the conventional optical laminate.
- variable transmittance optical laminate by adjusting the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer and the absorption axis of the polarizer to have a predetermined angle, the light blocking property in the light blocking mode may be improved compared to the conventional optical laminate.
- variable transmittance optical laminate it is possible to omit the process of forming a conductive layer on a substrate and bonding it to another member for the formation of a conventional optical laminate, so that conventional optical Compared to the laminate, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the conductive layer is formed directly on one surface of the polarizing plate, and the thickness is significantly reduced compared to the conventional optical laminate by not including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. it could be
- variable transmittance optical laminate according to the present invention, a conductive layer is directly formed on one surface of the polarizing plate, and a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer is not included, so that the transmittance in the light transmission mode is higher than that of the conventional optical laminate. this may be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a polarizing plate according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an absorption axis and a transmission axis of a roll-type film master providing a polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an alignment axis of a liquid crystal layer and an optical axis of a retardation layer or an absorption axis of a polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate including a retardation layer, and more particularly, to a variable transmittance optical laminate capable of improving light blocking properties in a light blocking mode by adjusting the phase difference and optical axis of the retardation layer.
- a first polarizing plate including a first polarizer; a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizer facing the first polarizer and including a second polarizer; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and facing the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate includes a retardation layer, and an in-plane surface of the retardation layer
- the retardation value is 230 to 280 nm
- the optical axis of the retardation layer has an alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer and an angle between 43 ° and 47 °, and relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate.
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is particularly suitable for technical fields capable of changing light transmittance according to the application of voltage, and can be used, for example, in a smart window or the like.
- a smart window refers to an optical structure that controls the amount of light or heat passing through by changing the transmittance of light according to the application of an electrical signal, but is not limited thereto. That is, a smart window is provided to be changed into a transparent, opaque or translucent state by voltage, and is a concept including variable transmittance glass, dimming glass, or “smart” glass.
- a smart window can be used as a partition for partitioning the interior space of vehicles and buildings or for protecting privacy, or as a skylight placed in an opening of a building, and can be used as a highway sign, bulletin board, scoreboard, clock or advertising screen. It can also be used, and it can be used as a substitute for the glass of vehicles such as windows or sunroofs of cars, buses, aircrafts, ships, or trains.
- variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention can also be used as a smart window in the various technical fields described above, and the conductive layer can be directly formed on the polarizer, so that a separate layer for forming the conductive layer can be used. Since it does not contain a substrate, it has a thin thickness and is advantageous in bending properties. Therefore, the variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention may be particularly suitably used for a smart window for a vehicle or a building.
- the smart window to which the variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is applied can be used for front windows, rear windows, side windows and sunroof windows of vehicles, or windows and doors for buildings, In addition to the use of blocking external light, it can also be used for partitioning the interior space of a car or building, such as an interior partition, or for protecting privacy.
- polarizing plate may mean at least one polarizing plate of a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate
- polarizing plate may mean at least one polarizing plate of a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate.
- transparent conductive layer may mean at least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer.
- spatially relative terms “below”, “bottom”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, “upper”, etc. refer to one element or component and another element or component as shown in the drawings. It can be used to easily describe the correlation with Spatially relative terms should be understood as encompassing different orientations of elements in use or operation in addition to the orientations shown in the figures. For example, when elements shown in the drawings are turned over, elements described as “below” or “below” other elements may be placed “above” the other elements. Accordingly, the exemplary term “below” may include directions of both down and up. Elements may also be oriented in other orientations, and thus spatially relative terms may be interpreted according to orientation.
- planar direction may be interpreted as a direction orthogonal to the polarizing plate and/or the transparent conductive layer, that is, a direction viewed from the user's viewing side.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of polarizing plates according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- an optical laminate with variable transmittance includes a first polarizing plate 100-1, a second polarizing plate 100-2, a first transparent conductive layer 200-1, It may include the second transparent conductive layer 200 - 2 and the liquid crystal layer 300 .
- the polarizing plate 100 includes a retardation layer 110 and a polarizer 120, and a protective layer 130 and a refractive index control layer on one or both sides of the polarizer 120 ( 140) may further include a functional layer such as the like.
- the polarizing plate 100 may be one in which the retardation layer 110, the polarizer 120, and the protective layer 130 are sequentially stacked (see FIG. 2A), and the retardation layer 110, the protective layer ( 130), the polarizer 120, and the protective layer 130 may be sequentially stacked (see FIG. 2B), and the refractive index control layer 140, the retardation layer 110, the polarizer 120, and the protective layer 130 ) may be sequentially stacked (see FIG. 2c).
- the retardation layer 110 is intended to supplement the optical properties of the optical stack, and may be implemented in the form of a retardation film, or a retardation film developed in the past or later.
- a quarter wave plate (1/4 wave plate) or a half wave plate (1/2 wave plate) for delaying the phase of light may be used, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the retardation layer 110 may be formed in direct contact with one surface of the polarizer 120 as shown in FIGS. 1, 2A and 2C, but is not limited thereto.
- the retardation layer 110 is formed on one surface of the protective layer 130, and the retardation layer 110, the protective layer 130, the polarizer 120, and the protective layer (130) may be sequentially stacked.
- the retardation layer 110 is preferably formed on one surface in the direction of the liquid crystal layer 300 with respect to the polarizer 120 , that is, on the inner surface of the polarizer 120 .
- the retardation layer 110 is preferably formed on one surface in the direction of the liquid crystal layer 300 with respect to the polarizer 120 , that is, on the inner surface of the polarizer 120 .
- the retardation layer 110 may use a stretched polymer film or a liquid crystal polymerization film obtained by stretching a polymer film capable of imparting optical anisotropy by stretching in an appropriate manner.
- the stretched polymer film is made of polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), cyclo olefin polymer (COP) such as polynorbornene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSU), acrylic resin, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene terephthalate; Polyester such as PET), polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or cellulose ester-based polymer such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), or two types of monomers forming the polymer A polymer layer containing a copolymer of the above monomers or the like can be used.
- polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), cyclo olefin polymer (COP) such as polynorbornene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSU), acrylic resin,
- a method of obtaining the stretched polymer film is not particularly limited, and may be obtained by, for example, stretching the polymer material after forming it into a film form.
- the forming method into the film form is not particularly limited, and it is possible to mold the film into a film by known methods such as injection molding, sheet molding, blow molding, injection blow molding, inflation molding, extrusion molding, foam molding, and cast molding. Secondary process molding methods such as molding and vacuum molding can also be used. Among them, extrusion molding and cast molding are preferably used.
- the unstretched film may be extruded using an extruder equipped with a T die, a circular die, or the like.
- the unstretched film can also be cast-molded by dissolving the various resin components using a solvent common to the various resin components, for example, a solvent such as chloroform or methylene dichloride, and then casting dry and solidifying the unstretched film.
- a solvent such as chloroform or methylene dichloride
- the polymer stretched film is uniaxially stretched in the mechanical flow direction (MD; Mechanical Direction, longitudinal direction or longitudinal direction) of the molded film, and in a direction (TD; Transverse Direction, transverse direction or width direction) that goes directly to the mechanical flow direction. It can be uniaxially stretched, or a biaxially stretched film can also be produced by stretching by a sequential biaxial stretching method of roll stretching and tenter stretching, a simultaneous biaxial stretching method by tenter stretching, a biaxial stretching method by tubular stretching, or the like.
- the liquid crystal polymerization film may include a reactive liquid crystal compound in a polymerized state.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound including, for example, a mesogen backbone and one or more polymerizable functional groups. These reactive liquid crystal compounds are variously known as so-called RM (Reactive Mesogen).
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be polymerized by light or heat to form a cured film in which a polymer network is formed while maintaining a liquid crystal arrangement.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be a monofunctional or multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound.
- the monofunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may be a compound having one polymerizable functional group
- the multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound containing two or more polymerizable functional groups.
- An in-plane retardation value of the retardation layer 110 may be 230 to 280 nm.
- the in-plane retardation of the retardation layer 110 satisfies the above range, the light-blocking property of the optical laminate in the light-blocking mode may be improved.
- the in-plane retardation value may be calculated according to Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 R in is the in-plane retardation, nx and ny are the refractive index of the retardation layer in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, respectively, and d is the thickness of the retardation layer.
- the x-axis direction means the in-plane slow axis direction of the retardation layer
- the y-axis direction means the in-plane direction (fast-axis direction) perpendicular to the x-axis
- the z-axis direction means the x-axis and y-axis direction It may mean the direction of the normal of the plane formed by, for example, the thickness direction of the retardation layer.
- the slow axis may refer to an axis parallel to a direction in which a refractive index is highest with respect to the surface direction of the retardation layer. While referring to the refractive index in this specification, unless otherwise specified, the refractive index is the refractive index for light having a wavelength of about 550 nm.
- the in-plane retardation value of the retardation layer As a method of adjusting the in-plane retardation value of the retardation layer, a method commonly used in the art may be applied. For example, when the retardation layer is a polymer stretched film, by adjusting the material, thickness, and stretching ratio of the polymer film. The in-plane phase difference value can be adjusted. In another example, when the retardation layer is a liquid crystal polymerization film, the in-plane retardation value may be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the birefringence value of the liquid crystal, and the like.
- the thickness of the retardation layer 110 may be 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m in the case of a stretched polymer film and 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m in the case of a liquid crystal polymerization film.
- polarizer 120 a conventional or later developed polarizer may be used, and for example, a stretch type polarizer or a coating type polarizer may be used.
- the stretchable polarizer may include a stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin.
- the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin may be a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl acetate-based resin.
- Examples of the polyvinyl acetate-based resin include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- the other monomers may include unsaturated carboxylic acid-based, unsaturated sulfonic acid-based, olefin-based, vinyl ether-based, and acrylamide-based monomers having an ammonium group.
- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resins include modified ones, and may be, for example, polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified with aldehydes.
- the coating type polarizer may be formed of a liquid crystal coating composition, and in this case, the liquid crystal coating composition may include a reactive liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit polarization characteristics, and a conventional or later developed reactive liquid crystal compound may be used.
- a conventional or later developed reactive liquid crystal compound may be used.
- the above-described reactive liquid crystal compound of the retardation layer is equally applicable can
- the dichroic dye is a component that is included in the composition for liquid crystal coating and imparts polarization characteristics, and has a property in which absorbance in the long-axis direction and absorbance in the short-axis direction of the molecule are different.
- dichroic dye conventional or later developed dichroic dyes may be used, for example, azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, perylene dyes, merocyanine dyes (merocyanine dyes), azomethine dyes, phthaloperylene dyes, indigo dyes, dioxadine dyes, polythiophene dyes and phenoxazine It may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of dyes (phenoxazine dyes).
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a solvent capable of dissolving the reactive liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye, for example, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene (xylene) and chloroform may be used.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a leveling agent, a polymerization initiator, and the like within a range that does not impair the polarization properties of the coating film.
- an absorption axis of the first polarizer and an absorption axis of the second polarizer may be disposed parallel to each other.
- the absorption axis of the polarizer and the machine direction (Machine Direction; MD) are parallel, it may be advantageous to increase the area of the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an absorption axis and a transmission axis of a roll-type film master providing a polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the machine direction (Machine Direction; MD) of the polarizer is parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizer
- the transverse direction (TD) is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer It can be produced by a roll-to-roll process using film-type disks in the form of rolls provided in parallel.
- the protective layer 130 is for preserving the polarization characteristics of the polarizer 120 from subsequent processes and external environments, and may be implemented in the form of a protective film.
- the protective layer 130 may be formed by directly contacting one side or both sides of the polarizer 120 as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C , but is not limited thereto.
- the protective layer may be used in a multilayer structure in which one or more protective layers are continuously stacked, or may be formed in direct contact with another functional layer.
- the protective layer 130 may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or polybutylene.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEI polyethylene isophthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PC polycarbonate
- PE polyethylene
- PE polypropylene
- PMA Polymethyl acrylate
- PMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PMMA polyethyl acrylate
- PEMA polyethyl methacrylate
- cyclic olefin polymers It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of (cyclic olefin polymer; COP).
- the refractive index control layer 140 is provided to compensate for the difference in refractive index of the optical laminate due to the transparent conductive layer 200, and may serve to improve visibility by reducing the difference in refractive index. there is.
- the refractive index adjusting layer 140 may be provided to correct color due to the transparent conductive layer 200 .
- a difference in transmittance between a pattern area where the pattern is formed and a non-pattern area where the pattern is not formed may be compensated for through the refractive index adjusting layer 140 .
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is stacked adjacent to another member (eg, polarizer 120, etc.) having a different refractive index, and a difference in light transmittance may be caused due to a difference in refractive index with another adjacent layer,
- another member eg, polarizer 120, etc.
- the refractive index adjusting layer 140 the refractive index is compensated to reduce the difference in light transmittance of the optical laminate.
- the pattern area and the non-pattern area This distinction is made so that it is not recognized.
- the refractive index of the refractive index adjusting layer 140 may be appropriately selected according to the material of the other adjacent members, preferably 1.4 to 2.6, more preferably, 1.4 to 2.4 It may be. In this case, light loss due to a sharp difference in refractive index between other members such as the polarizer 120 and the transparent conductive layer 200 can be prevented.
- the refractive index control layer 140 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent a sharp difference in refractive index between the transparent conductive layer 200 and other members such as the polarizer 120, and is a refractive index control layer developed conventionally or later.
- a compound used for formation may be used, and for example, it may be formed from a composition for forming a refractive index control layer containing a polymerizable isocyanurate compound.
- the polarizer 100 may further include other functional layers for assisting or reinforcing the characteristics of the polarizer in addition to the above-described functional layer.
- an overcoat It may further include a layer or the like.
- the polarizing plate 100 may have a thickness of 30 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 170 ⁇ m, and more preferably 50 to 150 ⁇ m. can In this case, while maintaining the optical characteristics of the polarizing plate 100, it is possible to manufacture a thin optical laminate.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is provided for driving the liquid crystal layer 300 and may be formed by directly contacting the polarizing plate 100 .
- the first transparent conductive layer 200-1 and the second transparent conductive layer 200-2 are the first polarizing plate 100-1 and the second polarizing plate 100-2, respectively. 2) may be formed by direct contact with.
- an optical laminate used for manufacturing a smart window or the like is manufactured by forming a conductive layer for driving a liquid crystal on one surface of a substrate and bonding the other surface of the substrate to a polarizing plate.
- the transmittance variable optical laminate according to the present invention does not include a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer and directly forms the conductive layer on one surface of the polarizing plate, thereby reducing the thickness of the laminate and increasing the transmittance in the light transmission mode. And it is characterized in that the flexural properties are improved.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 may be formed by directly depositing on one surface of the polarizing plate 100 .
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is subjected to a pre-treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment on one surface of the polarizing plate 100, followed by pre-treatment of the polarizing plate 100. It may be formed by direct contact with the applied surface.
- the pretreatment is not limited to corona treatment or plasma treatment, and a conventional or later developed pretreatment process may be used within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is formed with an easy adhesion layer (not shown) provided on one surface of the polarizing plate 100 interposed therebetween to improve adhesion with the polarizing plate 100. It may be formed by direct contact with (100).
- the transparent conductive layer 200 preferably has a visible light transmittance of 50% or more.
- a visible light transmittance 50% or more.
- the transparent conductive oxide is indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), or gallium zinc oxide (GZO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- IZTO indium zinc tin oxide
- AZO aluminum zinc oxide
- GZO gallium zinc oxide
- Florin tin oxide (FTO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of the like.
- the metal is gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W) , niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), alloys containing at least one of these, and the like It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of, and may include, for example, a silver-palladium-copper (APC) alloy or a copper-calcium (CuCa) alloy.
- APC silver-palladium-copper
- CuCa copper-calcium
- the carbon-based material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and the conductive polymer may be polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc. , polyacetylene, PEDOT, polyaniline, and the like.
- the conductive ink may be an ink in which metal powder and a curable polymer binder are mixed, and the nanowires may be, for example, silver nanowires (AgNW).
- the transparent conductive layer 200 may be formed in a structure of two or more layers by combining the above materials.
- it may be formed as a two-layer structure including a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer to reduce reflectance of incident light and increase transmittance.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 may be formed by a method commonly used in the field, for example, a spin coat method, a roller coat method, a bar coat method, a dip coat method, a gravure coat method, or a curtain coat method.
- coating processes such as coating, die coating, spray coating, doctor coating, and kneader coating; printing processes such as screen printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, iron plate printing, intaglio printing, flat plate printing; and deposition processes such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- the liquid crystal layer 300 may change the driving mode of the optical stack by adjusting transmittance of light incident from one or more directions according to an electric field.
- the liquid crystal layer 300 may include a liquid crystal compound, and for example, a sealant layer (not shown) provided between the first polarizing plate 100-1 and the second polarizing plate 100-2 in the light control area. not shown) and spacers (not shown).
- the liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited as long as it is driven by an electric field and can control the transmittance of light, and a conventional or later developed liquid crystal compound may be used.
- the content can be applied equally.
- the liquid crystal layer 300 may be driven in a vertical alignment (VA) mode.
- VA vertical alignment
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an alignment axis of a liquid crystal layer and an optical axis of a retardation layer (see FIG. 4A) or an absorption axis of a polarizer (see FIG. 4B) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal compound LC of the liquid crystal layer 300 has negative dielectric constant anisotropy ( ⁇ ⁇ 0) and is arranged to be driven in VA (Vertical Alignment) mode. It can be.
- the liquid crystal compound LC in an initial state to which no external electric field is applied is such that the long axis of the liquid crystal compound LC is substantially parallel to the normal direction of the retardation layer 110, for example, the thickness direction of the retardation layer 110. It can be homeotropic alignment.
- the liquid crystal compound LC is A long axis of may be substantially parallel to an alignment axis LCax of the liquid crystal layer.
- the light passing through the lower polarizing plate has polarization, and while passing through the liquid crystal layer 300, the polarization is changed and reaches the upper polarizing plate.
- the absorption axes of the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer are disposed parallel to each other, a partial portion of the polarized light reaching the upper polarizer is blocked by the upper polarizer, and thus the polarized light may be driven in a light-blocking mode.
- the alignment axis LCax of the liquid crystal layer may be formed to have a predetermined angle with the optical axis RTax of the retardation layer, and preferably, the angle between 43° and 47° can be formed to have
- the alignment axis LCax of the liquid crystal layer and the optical axis RTax of the retardation layer have an angle within the above range, light blocking properties of the optical laminate in a light blocking mode may be further improved.
- the liquid crystal compound LC of the liquid crystal layer 300 has a negative dielectric constant anisotropy ( ⁇ ⁇ 0) and is arranged to be driven in a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode. It can be.
- the liquid crystal compound LC in an initial state to which no external electric field is applied is arranged such that the long axis of the liquid crystal compound LC is substantially parallel to the normal direction of the polarizer 120, for example, the thickness direction of the polarizer 120 ( homeotropic alignment).
- the liquid crystal compound LC is A long axis of may be substantially parallel to an alignment axis LCax of the liquid crystal layer.
- the alignment axis (LCax) of the liquid crystal layer may be formed to have a predetermined angle with the absorption axis (PLax) of the polarizer, and preferably, the angle between 20° and 25° can be formed to have
- the alignment axis (LCax) of the liquid crystal layer and the absorption axis (PLax) of the polarizer have an angle within the above range, light blocking properties of the optical laminate in a light blocking mode may be further improved.
- FIG. 4B exemplarily shows the relationship between the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer and the absorption axis of the polarizer, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer and the transmission axis of the polarizer.
- the above information can be applied in the same way in relation to .
- the sealant may include a curable resin as a base resin.
- a curable resin as a base resin.
- an ultraviolet curable resin or a heat curable resin known to be usable for sealants in the art may be used.
- the UV curable resin may be a polymer of UV curable monomers.
- the thermosetting resin may be a polymer of thermosetting monomers.
- the base resin of the sealant for example, an acrylate-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a phenol-based resin, or a mixture of the above resins may be used.
- the base resin may be an acrylate-based resin
- the acrylate-based resin may be a polymer of acrylic monomers.
- the acrylic monomer may be, for example, a multifunctional acrylate.
- the sealant may further include a monomer component in the base resin.
- the monomer component may be, for example, a monofunctional acrylate.
- monofunctional acrylate may mean a compound having one acryl group
- multifunctional acrylate may mean a compound having two or more acryl groups.
- the curable resin may be cured by UV irradiation and/or heating.
- the ultraviolet irradiation conditions or heating conditions may be appropriately performed within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
- the sealant may further include an initiator, for example, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator, if necessary.
- the sealant may be formed by a method commonly used in the related art, and may be formed, for example, by drawing the sealant on the outside of the liquid crystal layer (ie, the inactive area) using a dispenser equipped with a nozzle. there is.
- the spacer may include at least one of a ball spacer and a column spacer, and is particularly preferably a ball spacer.
- the ball spacer may be one or more, and preferably has a diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the area occupied by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer 300 is 0.01 with respect to the area of the liquid crystal layer 300 in terms of user visibility and transmittance improvement in the light transmission mode. to 10% is preferred.
- the liquid crystal layer 300 may further include an alignment layer 400 as needed (see FIG. 5A ), and for example, the liquid crystal layer 300 including a liquid crystal compound It may be formed on both sides.
- the alignment layer 400 is not particularly limited as long as it is for adding orientation to the liquid crystal compound.
- the alignment layer 400 may be manufactured by applying and curing an alignment layer coating composition including an alignment polymer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent.
- the orientation polymer is not particularly limited, but polyacrylate-based resins, polyamic acid resins, polyimide-based resins, polymers containing a cinnamate group, etc. may be used, and polymers capable of exhibiting orientation previously developed or later developed may be used can
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention may further include other members within a range not impairing the object of the present invention, for example, further including an adhesive layer 500 (see FIG. 5B). It may be, and may further include a UV absorbing layer, a hard coating layer, and the like.
- the adhesive layer 500 may be formed using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and preferably has appropriate adhesive strength, transparency and thermal stability so as not to cause peeling or bubbles when handling the optical laminate. .
- a conventional or later developed adhesive may be used, and for example, a photocurable adhesive may be used.
- the photocurable adhesive is crosslinked and cured by receiving active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength, and may be composed of reactive oligomers, reactive monomers, photopolymerization initiators, and the like.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength
- UV ultraviolet rays
- EB electron beams
- the reactive oligomer is an important component that determines the properties of an adhesive, and forms a polymer bond through a photopolymerization reaction to form a cured film.
- Reactive oligomers that can be used include polyester-based resins, polyether-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, epoxy-based resins, polyacrylic-based resins, silicone-based resins, and the like.
- the reactive monomer serves as a crosslinking agent and a diluent for the aforementioned reactive oligomer, and affects adhesive properties.
- Reactive monomers that can be used include monofunctional monomers, polyfunctional monomers, epoxy-based monomers, vinyl ethers, and cyclic ethers.
- the photopolymerization initiator serves to initiate photopolymerization by absorbing light energy to generate radicals or cations, and an appropriate one may be selected and used according to the photopolymerization resin.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may use conventional or later developed pressure-sensitive adhesives, and in one or more embodiments, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, poly Acrylamide-based adhesives, cellulose-based adhesives, vinylalkyl ether-based adhesives, and the like can be used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it has adhesive strength and viscoelasticity, but may be preferably an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive in terms of availability, etc., and includes, for example, a (meth)acrylate copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent. it may be
- the crosslinking agent may use conventional or later developed crosslinking agents, and may include, for example, polyisocyanate compounds, epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, dialdehydes, methylol polymers, etc., preferably. It may contain a polyisocyanate compound.
- the solvent may include a common solvent used in the resin composition field, and examples thereof include alcohol-based compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and propylene glycol methoxy alcohol; ketone compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and dipropyl ketone; acetate-based compounds such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methoxy acetate; cellosolve compounds such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and propyl cellosolve; Solvents such as hydrocarbon-based compounds such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene may be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alcohol-based compounds such as methanol,
- the thickness of the adhesive layer 500 may be appropriately determined depending on the type of resin serving as the adhesive, adhesive strength, and the environment in which the adhesive is used.
- the adhesive layer may be 0.01 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, in order to secure sufficient adhesive strength and minimize the thickness of the optical laminate. It may have a thickness of ⁇ m.
- the ultraviolet ray absorbing layer is not particularly limited as long as it is for preventing deterioration of the optical laminate due to ultraviolet rays.
- salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers phenyl salicylate, p-tert-butyl salicylate, etc.
- benzophenone Paddy-based UV absorbers (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, etc.
- benzotriazole-based UV absorbers (2-(2'-hydroxy- 5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl -5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3
- triazine-based UV absorbers etc.
- benzotriazole-based UV absorbers or triazine-based UV absorbers are preferred, which have high transparency and have an excellent effect of preventing deterioration of the polarizing plate or transmittance variable layer, and have a more appropriate spectral absorption spectrum.
- Triazole-based UV absorbers are highly desirable
- the benzotriazole-based UV absorber may be bis-formed, for example, 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl) -4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol), 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl )-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol) and the like.
- the hard coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is for protecting members such as a polarizing plate and a variable transmittance layer from external physical and chemical impacts, and a conventional or later developed hard coating layer may be used.
- the hard coating layer may be formed by applying a composition for forming a hard coating layer on another member and then curing the composition by light or heat.
- the composition for forming the hard coating layer is not particularly limited, and may include, for example, a photocurable compound and a photoinitiator.
- the photocurable compound and the photoinitiator may be those generally used in the art without limitation, and for example, the photocurable compound may be a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerizable oligomer, etc., for example, monofunctional and/or multifunctional. (meth)acrylates are mentioned, and photoinitiators include oxime esters.
- the present invention in addition to the variable transmittance optical laminate, includes a smart window including the same.
- the present invention includes a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an internal partition, and windows and doors for buildings including the smart window.
- optical laminates according to Examples and Comparative Examples including a liquid crystal layer driven in a vertical alignment (VA) mode between two different polarizing plates having absorption axes parallel to each other were manufactured.
- VA vertical alignment
- the absorption axis is substantially parallel to the machine direction (Machine Direction; MD) of the polarizer
- MD Machine Direction
- the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer and the optical axis of the retardation layer are values represented by taking the absorption axis of the polarizer as 0 ° in the plane direction. it means.
- the optical layered body of Comparative Example 1 without the retardation layer has a transmittance in light blocking mode 0.60%, the color a* is 33.8, the color b* is -38.0, and the optical axis of the retardation layer and the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer have an angle between 49° and 41°, and the optical laminates of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are Even though the in-plane retardation value of the retardation layer was 250 nm, which was the same as Examples 1 to 3, the transmittance in the light-shielding mode was 0.81% and 0.62%, respectively, 10.3 and -8.2 for color a*, and -6.7 and 5.9 for color b*, respectively. indicates
- the optical axis of the retardation layer and the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer have an angle of 43° to 47°, the light blocking property of the optical laminate in the light blocking mode can be further improved.
- the optical laminates of Examples 1, 4, and 5 in which the optical axis of the retardation layer and the alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer have an angle of 45 °, and the in-plane retardation value of the retardation layer is 230 nm to 275 nm,
- the transmittance in the mode is 0.02% to 0.36%
- the color a* is 2.9 to 3.8
- the color b* is -2.8 to -9.6.
- the retardation layer has an in-plane retardation value of 230 nm to 280 nm, the light blocking property of the optical laminate in the light blocking mode can be further improved.
- variable transmittance optical laminate by appropriately adjusting the retardation of the retardation layer, the light blocking property in the light blocking mode may be improved compared to the conventional optical laminate.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 구분 | 액정층의 배향축(°) |
위상차층 | |
| 면내 위상차 값(nm) | 광축(°) | ||
| 실시예 1 | 22 | 250 | 67 |
| 실시예 2 | 20 | 250 | 65 |
| 실시예 3 | 25 | 250 | 70 |
| 실시예 4 | 22 | 230 | 67 |
| 실시예 5 | 22 | 275 | 67 |
| 비교예 1 | 45 | 미포함 | |
| 비교예 2 | 20 | 250 | 69 |
| 비교예 3 | 25 | 250 | 66 |
| 비교예 4 | 22 | 220 | 67 |
| 비교예 5 | 22 | 285 | 67 |
| 구분 | 차광 모드 | ||
| 투과율(%) | 색상 a* | 색상 b* | |
| 실시예1 | 0.02 | 3.2 | -3.6 |
| 실시예2 | 0.03 | 3.4 | -3.2 |
| 실시예3 | 0.03 | 4.4 | -6.5 |
| 비교예1 | 0.60 | 33.8 | -38.0 |
| 비교예2 | 0.81 | 10.3 | -6.7 |
| 비교예3 | 0.62 | -8.2 | 5.9 |
| 구분 | 차광 모드 | ||
| 투과율(%) | 색상 a* | 색상 b* | |
| 실시예1 | 0.02 | 3.2 | -3.6 |
| 실시예4 | 0.32 | 2.9 | -2.8 |
| 실시예5 | 0.36 | 3.8 | -9.6 |
| 비교예4 | 0.65 | 2.9 | -2.8 |
| 비교예5 | 0.70 | 4.0 | -11.3 |
Claims (19)
- 제1 편광자를 포함하는, 제1 편광판;상기 제1 편광판의 일면 상에 형성되는, 제1 투명 도전층;상기 제1 편광판과 대향하며, 제2 편광자를 포함하는, 제2 편광판;상기 제2 편광판의 일면 상에 형성되며, 상기 제1 투명 도전층과 대향하는, 제2 투명 도전층; 및상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 사이에 구비되는, 액정층을 포함하며,상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 적어도 하나의 편광판은, 위상차층을 포함하며,상기 위상차층의 면내 위상차 값은, 230 내지 280nm이며,상기 위상차층의 광축은, 액정층의 배향축과 43° 내지 47°의 사잇각을 갖는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층의 배향축은, 제1 편광자 및 제2 편광자 중 적어도 하나의 편광자의 흡수축 또는 투과축과 20° 내지 25°의 사잇각을 갖는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 편광자의 흡수축과 제2 편광자의 흡수축이 서로 평행한, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층은, VA(Vertical Alignment)모드로 구동되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 위상차층은, 상기 제1 편광자 및 제2 편광자 중 적어도 하나의 편광자의 내측면 상에 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 어느 하나의 편광판과 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 6에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 어느 하나의 편광판과의 사이에 별도의 기재를 포함하지 않고, 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 6에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 어느 하나의 편광판과의 사이에 접착 용이층을 포함하여, 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명도전층 및 제2 투명도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 투명 도전성 산화물, 금속, 탄소계 물질, 전도성 고분자, 도전성 잉크 및 나노 와이어로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 적어도 하나의 편광판은, 보호층 및 굴절률 조절층으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 기능층을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 적어도 하나의 편광판은, 30 내지 200㎛의 두께를 갖는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층은, 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer) 및 컬럼 스페이서(Column spacer)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer)는, 직경이 1 내지 10㎛인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer)의 액정층 내에서의 점유 면적은, 액정층 면적의 0.01% 내지 10%인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 투과율 가변 광학 적층체는, 배향막, 점접착층, 자외선 흡수층 및 하드 코팅층으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1 내지 15 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 15 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체를 포함하는, 스마트 윈도우.
- 청구항 17의 스마트 윈도우를 전면창, 후면창, 측면창, 썬루프창, 및 내부 칸막이 중 적어도 하나 이상에 적용한, 자동차.
- 청구항 17의 스마트 윈도우를 포함하는, 건물용 창호.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22873151.9A EP4411471A4 (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2022-09-20 | OPTICAL LAMINATE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, SMART WINDOW THEREOF, AND VEHICLE AND BUILDING WINDOWS AND DOORS THEREOF |
| US18/291,370 US20240329288A1 (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2022-09-20 | Optical laminate, method for manufacturing same, smart window comprising same, and vehicle and building windows and doors using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020210127373A KR102524844B1 (ko) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
| KR10-2021-0127373 | 2021-09-27 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2023048446A1 true WO2023048446A1 (ko) | 2023-03-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/KR2022/014006 Ceased WO2023048446A1 (ko) | 2021-09-27 | 2022-09-20 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우, 이를 적용한 자동차 및 건물용 창호 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240329288A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP4411471A4 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR102524844B1 (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2023048446A1 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4656422A1 (en) * | 2024-05-28 | 2025-12-03 | Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava | Sunshade system with dynamic adjustment for vehicles windscreen |
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- 2022-09-20 US US18/291,370 patent/US20240329288A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-20 WO PCT/KR2022/014006 patent/WO2023048446A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| KR20210049688A (ko) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-05-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광변조 디바이스 |
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| EP4656422A1 (en) * | 2024-05-28 | 2025-12-03 | Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava | Sunshade system with dynamic adjustment for vehicles windscreen |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR102524844B1 (ko) | 2023-04-24 |
| US20240329288A1 (en) | 2024-10-03 |
| KR20230044805A (ko) | 2023-04-04 |
| EP4411471A1 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
| EP4411471A4 (en) | 2025-06-11 |
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