WO2023050631A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023050631A1
WO2023050631A1 PCT/CN2021/143554 CN2021143554W WO2023050631A1 WO 2023050631 A1 WO2023050631 A1 WO 2023050631A1 CN 2021143554 W CN2021143554 W CN 2021143554W WO 2023050631 A1 WO2023050631 A1 WO 2023050631A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
pressure relief
relief mechanism
recess
battery cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/143554
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
徐良帆
吴宁生
李全坤
王鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202180080758.9A priority Critical patent/CN116569393A/zh
Priority to EP21959190.6A priority patent/EP4254617A4/en
Publication of WO2023050631A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023050631A1/zh
Priority to US18/138,441 priority patent/US20230261312A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
    • H01M50/164—Lids or covers characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the battery cells are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include nickel-cadmium battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, and the like.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can enhance the safety of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an end cover assembly for a battery cell.
  • the end cover assembly includes: an end cover; a pressure mechanism configured to rupture along the weakened portion to release the pressure when the pressure inside the battery cell reaches a threshold; and an insulator located on a side of the end cap facing the electrode assembly of the battery cell, the insulator including a base portion and a flow guide part arranged on the base part, the base part is connected to the end cover, and the flow guide part communicates the space between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism with the space on the side of the base part away from the weak part, wherein the end cover In the thickness direction, the projection of the guide part does not overlap with the projection of the weak part, so that when the electrolyte of the battery cell flows into the space between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism through the guide part, the impact force of the electrolyte on the weak part is reduced .
  • the insulator includes a base part and a flow guiding part provided on the base part, the base part is connected to the end cap, and the base part can play a role of isolating the end cap and the electrode assembly to ensure the reliability of the battery cell.
  • the guide part connects the space between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism with the space on the side of the base part away from the weak part. The flow part and the pressure relief mechanism are discharged to the outside of the battery cell.
  • the projection of the guide part and the projection of the weak part do not overlap, and when the electrolyte flows between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism through the guide part, the gap between the base part and the pressure release mechanism can be The space is buffered to reduce the impact force on the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism, thereby protecting the pressure relief mechanism and improving the reliability and safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the projection of the air guide portion in the thickness direction of the end cap is located outside the projection of the weak portion in the thickness direction of the end cap.
  • the electrolyte flows between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism through the guide part, and the electrolyte flows from the outside of the weak part to the weak part to be buffered, which can significantly reduce the impact force on the weak part.
  • the projection of the flow guide portion in the thickness direction of the end cover is outside the projection of the pressure relief mechanism in the thickness direction of the end cover.
  • the diversion part and the pressure relief mechanism are staggered, and when the electrolyte flows into the space between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism through the diversion part, it will not directly impact the pressure relief mechanism, reducing the risk of rupture of the weak part .
  • the air guide part includes a plurality of first air guide holes, and the plurality of first air guide holes are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the weakened part.
  • the electrolyte flows smoothly from the circumferential direction of the weak part between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism, and the impact of the electrolyte on the weak part is relatively uniform, which can prevent the weak part from being destroyed by local pressure.
  • the shape of the first guide hole is adapted to the outer peripheral contour of the weakened portion.
  • the electrolyte flows in from the periphery of the weak part, and can flow to the weak part evenly and smoothly, reducing the risk of local stress concentration at the weak part.
  • the insulator further includes a first recess formed relative to the outer surface of the base portion in a direction away from the end cap, wherein a plurality of first flow guide holes are provided on the bottom wall of the first recess, and the first The flow guide hole communicates the first recess with the space on the side of the base part away from the weak part.
  • the first recess can form a flow channel, and when the electrolyte flows into between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism through the first guide hole, the electrolyte can be further buffered in the first recess, and the buffered The electrolyte will further reduce the impact on the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the sidewalls of the first recess are disposed around the weakened portion.
  • the occupied area of the first concave part is relatively small, and the occupied area of the base part is relatively large, and the base part with a larger area is connected to the end cover, which can better support the end cover.
  • the insulator further includes a second concave portion recessed relative to the outer surface of the base portion in a direction away from the end cap, the second concave portion is at least partially located on the outer side of the first concave portion along the first direction and connected to the first concave portion.
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the end cap; wherein, the guide part includes a second guide hole, the second guide hole is arranged on the bottom wall of the second recess and is located outside the first recess along the first direction, The second guide hole communicates the second concave part with the space on the side of the base part away from the weak part.
  • the electrolyte can flow into the second recess from the second guide hole, and be buffered in the flow channel, and the buffered electrolyte will further reduce the impact force on the pressure relief mechanism.
  • a part of the second recess is formed on the bottom wall of the first recess, and the depth of the second recess is greater than that of the first recess.
  • the electrolyte solution is buffered in the first concave portion and the second concave portion respectively, so as to reduce the impact force on the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the air guide part further includes a third air guide hole, at least part of the third air guide hole is disposed on the sidewall of the second recess and communicates with the first air guide hole.
  • the first diversion hole communicates with the third diversion hole, which can increase the flow channel and facilitate the rapid flow of the electrolyte between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including the end cap assembly according to any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a plurality of battery cells according to any embodiment of the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery in the third aspect, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 5 along the line A-A;
  • Fig. 7 is the enlarged schematic diagram at I of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 5 along the line B-B;
  • Fig. 9 is an exploded schematic view of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view at II of the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 9 .
  • X thickness direction
  • Y first direction
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cell may include a lithium ion secondary battery cell, a lithium ion primary battery cell, a lithium sulfur battery cell, a lithium sodium ion battery cell, a sodium ion battery cell or a magnesium ion battery cell, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode lug protruding from the positive electrode current collector. part is coated with a positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode tab is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab protruding from the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector part is coated with a negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode tab is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the spacer can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a stacked structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell may also include a casing assembly, and the casing assembly has an accommodating chamber inside, and the accommodating chamber is a closed space provided by the casing assembly for the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the casing assembly includes a casing and an end cap assembly.
  • the casing is a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the end cap assembly covers the opening of the casing and forms a sealed connection to form an accommodating chamber for accommodating the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a short circuit, overcharge, etc. occur, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism can release the internal pressure and temperature, so as to prevent the battery cells from exploding, catching fire, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is activated to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to design requirements. The above threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive pole piece, the pole piece pole piece, the electrolyte solution and the separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, gas valve, pressure relief valve or safety valve, etc., and can specifically use a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold When the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism is destroyed, an opening or channel for internal pressure relief is formed.
  • the "activation" mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism is activated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure of the battery cell can be released.
  • Actions by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism rupture, shatter, be torn, or open, among others.
  • the pressure relief mechanism When the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the high-temperature and high-pressure material inside the battery cell will be discharged from the actuated part as discharge. In this way, the battery cells can be depressurized under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding potential more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from battery cells mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrodes, fragments of separators, high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated by reactions, flames, etc.
  • the inventors have analyzed and studied the structure and use environment of the battery cells after discovering that the internal pressure of the battery cells explodes and releases pressure when the internal pressure does not reach the set threshold during the cycle.
  • the inventor found that the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell has premature fatigue and aging, which leads to a decrease in the threshold of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief mechanism will explode in advance .
  • the electrolyte may impact the weak structure of the pressure relief mechanism due to the vibration of the battery cell, causing the weak structure to rupture, resulting in a decrease in the opening threshold of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution, in which the end cover assembly of the battery cell includes: an end cover; a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the end cover, and the pressure relief mechanism includes a weak part , the pressure relief mechanism is configured to rupture along the weakened portion to release the pressure when the pressure inside the battery cell reaches a threshold value; and an insulator, the insulator is located on the side of the end cap facing the electrode assembly of the battery cell, the insulator includes The base part and the flow guide part arranged on the base part, the base part is connected to the end cover, and the flow guide part communicates the space between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism with the space on the side of the base part away from the weak part, wherein, at the end In the thickness direction of the cover, the projection of the guide part and the projection of the weak part do not overlap, so that when the electrolyte of the battery cell flows between the base part and the pressure relief mechanism through the guide part, the impact of the electrolyte on the weak
  • the end cover assembly with this structure reduces the risk of the electrolyte front impacting the weak part of the pressure relief mechanism, reduces the impact force of the electrolyte on the weak part, and reduces the rupture of the weak part when the internal pressure of the battery cell does not reach the threshold The risk can improve the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the technical solution described in the embodiments of the present application is applicable to a battery cell, a battery including the battery cell, and an electric device using the battery.
  • Electric devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the electric device is taken as an example for description.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box body 5 and a battery cell (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the battery cell is accommodated in the box body 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells, and the box body 5 may have various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 51 and a second box body part 52, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 cover each other, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 51
  • the two box parts 52 jointly define an accommodating space 53 for accommodating the battery cells.
  • the second box part 52 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box part 51 is a plate-shaped structure, and the first box part 51 covers the opening side of the second box part 52 to form an accommodating space 53
  • the box body 5; the first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52 also can be a hollow structure with one side opening, and the opening side of the first box body portion 51 is covered on the opening side of the second box body portion 52 , to form a box body 5 with an accommodation space 53 .
  • the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 51 covers the top of the second box part 52
  • the first box part 51 can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box part 52 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there may be one or more battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel. Mixed connection means that there are both series and parallel connections among the multiple battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells is accommodated in the box 5; of course, it is also possible to first connect a plurality of battery cells in series or parallel or
  • the battery modules 6 are formed by parallel connection, and multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series or in parallel or in series to form a whole, and are housed in the box body 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2 .
  • there are multiple battery cells and the multiple battery cells are connected in series, in parallel, or in parallel to form a battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form a whole, and accommodated in the box.
  • a plurality of battery cells in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through a confluence component, so as to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells in the battery module 6 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. Inside.
  • housing assembly 20 may also be used to contain electrolyte.
  • Housing assembly 20 may be of various configurations.
  • the shell assembly 20 may include a housing 21 and an end cover assembly 22, the housing 21 is a hollow structure with one side open, the end cover assembly 22 covers the opening of the housing 21 and forms a sealed connection, so as to An accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 and electrolyte is formed.
  • the end cover assembly 22 includes an end cover 23 , and the end cover 23 covers the opening of the housing 21 .
  • the end cap 23 can be of various structures, for example, the end cap 23 is a plate-shaped structure.
  • the housing 21 is a cuboid structure, and the end cover 23 is a plate-shaped structure, and the end cover 23 covers the opening at the top of the housing 21 .
  • the end cap 23 can be made of insulating material (such as plastic) or conductive material (such as metal).
  • the end cap assembly 22 may also include an insulator (not shown), and the insulator is positioned on the side of the end cap 23 facing the electrode assembly 10, so that the end cap 23 and the electrode assembly 10 Insulated and separated.
  • the end cover assembly 22 may further include an electrode terminal 221 installed on the end cover 23 .
  • the housing assembly 20 can also be of other structures.
  • the housing assembly 20 includes a housing 21 and two end cover assemblies 22.
  • the housing 21 is a hollow structure with openings on opposite sides, and one end cover assembly 22 is correspondingly covered with an opening of the casing 21 to form a sealed connection, so as to form an accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 and the electrolyte.
  • one end cover assembly 22 may be provided with two electrode terminals 221 , while the other end cover assembly 22 may not be provided with an electrode terminal, or two end cover assemblies 22 may each be provided with one electrode terminal 221 .
  • the battery cell 7 there may be one electrode assembly 10 housed in the case assembly 20 or a plurality of them. Exemplarily, in FIG. 4 , there are four electrode assemblies 10 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 10 may be a wound electrode assembly, a laminated electrode assembly or other forms of electrode assemblies.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is a wound electrode assembly.
  • the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator are all strip-shaped structures.
  • the positive pole piece, the separator, and the negative pole piece can be stacked in sequence and wound more than two times to form the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is a laminated electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets, the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets are alternately stacked, and the stacking direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the positive electrode sheet and the thickness direction of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a main body 11 and a tab 12 connected to the main body 11 .
  • the tab part 12 extends from an end of the main body part 11 close to the end cover assembly 22 .
  • the two tabs 12 are respectively defined as a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab may extend from the same end of the main body 11 , or may extend from opposite ends of the main body 11 respectively.
  • the main body 11 is the core part of the electrode assembly 10 to realize the charging and discharging function, and the tab part 12 is used to lead out the current generated by the main body 11 .
  • the main body portion 11 includes a positive current collector of a positive current collector, a positive active material layer, a negative current collector of a negative current collector, a negative active material layer, and a separator.
  • the positive pole tab part includes a plurality of positive pole tabs
  • the negative pole tab part includes a plurality of negative pole tabs.
  • the tab portion 12 is used to be electrically connected to the electrode terminal 221 .
  • the tab portion 12 may be directly connected to the electrode terminal by welding or the like, or may be indirectly connected to the electrode terminal 221 through other components.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes a current collecting member 13 for electrically connecting the electrode terminal 221 and the tab portion 12 .
  • the two current collecting members 13 are respectively defined as a positive current collecting member and a negative current collecting member, the positive current collecting member is used to electrically connect the positive electrode terminal and the positive electrode ear, and the negative current collecting member The negative electrode terminal and the negative electrode tab are electrically connected.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 5 along the line A-A
  • Fig. 7 is a view of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 6 at I An enlarged schematic view
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 5 along the line B-B.
  • the end cap assembly 22 includes: an end cap 23; a pressure relief mechanism 8, the pressure relief mechanism 8 is arranged on the end cap 23, the pressure relief mechanism 8 includes a weak portion 81, and the pressure relief mechanism 8 includes a weak portion 81.
  • the pressure mechanism 8 is configured to rupture along the weakened portion 81 to release the pressure when the pressure inside the battery cell (not shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 ) reaches a threshold; Facing the side of the electrode assembly (not shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 ) of the battery cell, the insulator 9 includes a base part 91 and a flow guide part 92 arranged on the base part 91.
  • the base part 91 is connected to the end cap 23, and the guide part 92
  • the flow part 92 communicates the space between the base part 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 with the space on the side of the base part 91 away from the weak part 81, wherein, in the thickness direction X of the end cover 23, the projection of the flow guide part 92 Do not overlap with the projection of the weak portion 81 , so as to reduce the impact force of the electrolyte on the weak portion 81 when the electrolyte of the battery cell 7 flows into between the base portion 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 through the flow guide portion 92 .
  • the X direction shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 represents the thickness direction of the end cap 23; the Y direction represents the first direction, and the first direction Y is perpendicular to the thickness direction X of the end cap 23; the first direction Y may be the width direction of the end cover 23 , or a direction forming a certain angle with the width direction of the end cover 23 , which is not specifically limited here.
  • the end cap 23 can be made of insulating material or conductive material, and is used to isolate the electrolyte solution from the external environment.
  • the conductive material may be copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy.
  • the end cap 23 may be used to install the electrode terminal 221 . And when the pressure relief mechanism 8 is actuated, the pressure inside the battery cell is released through the end cap 23 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 8 is used to activate to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold.
  • the weak portion 81 provided in the pressure relief mechanism 8 is ruptured, thereby forming an exhaust channel.
  • the weak portion 81 refers to a part of the pressure relief mechanism 8 that is weaker than the rest of the pressure relief mechanism 8 and is easily broken, broken, torn or opened. Exemplarily, thinning is performed on a predetermined area of the pressure relief mechanism 8 , and the thinned portion forms a weakened portion 81 .
  • the weak portion 81 may be in the shape of a ring structure, a strip structure, or the like.
  • the insulator 9 can function to isolate the end cap 23 from the electrode assembly, preventing the end cap 23 from contacting the electrode assembly, thereby causing the risk of a short circuit of the battery cells.
  • the insulating member 9 is made of insulating material, and the insulating member 9 may be made of materials such as rubber or plastic.
  • the electrolyte in the battery cell may impact the weak part 81 of the pressure relief mechanism 8 due to the vibration of the battery cell, resulting in When the internal pressure does not reach the threshold value, the pressure relief mechanism 8 may be actuated in advance, resulting in poor reliability and safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the insulator 9 includes a base part 91 and a flow guide part 92 provided on the base part 91, the base part 91 is connected to the end cap 23, and the base part 91 can play the role of isolating the end cap 23 and the electrode assembly , to ensure the reliability of battery cells.
  • the guide part 92 communicates the space between the base part 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 with the space on the side of the base part 91 away from the weak part 81, and when the battery cell is thermally runaway, the pressure inside the battery cell can be passed through the guide part 91.
  • the flow portion 92 is discharged to the outside of the battery cell.
  • the projection of the guide part 92 and the projection of the weak part 81 do not overlap, and when the electrolyte flows between the base part 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 through the guide part 92, it can
  • the space between 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 is buffered, reducing the impact on the weak portion 81 of the pressure relief mechanism 8, and reducing the risk of the weak portion 81 breaking when the internal pressure of the battery cell does not reach the threshold value, thereby preventing the pressure relief
  • the mechanism 8 plays a protective role and improves the reliability and safety performance of the battery cell 7 .
  • the projection of the air guide portion 92 in the thickness direction X of the end cover 23 is outside the projection of the weak portion 81 in the thickness direction X of the end cover 23 .
  • the flow guide part 92 and the weak part 81 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the electrolyte flows into the space between the base part 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 through the flow guide part 92, and flows from the outside of the weak part 81 to the weak part 81, so that the electrolyte can be effectively discharged. cushioning, thereby significantly reducing the impact force on the weak portion 81 and reducing the risk of the weak portion 81 being broken.
  • the strength of the part where the pressure relief mechanism 8 is connected to the end cover 23 is relatively high. When the electrolyte flows between the base part 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8, it first flows through this part. Due to its high strength, the strength of the pressure relief mechanism 8 will be reduced. The possibility of creep deformation further reduces the risk of the weak portion 81 being damaged and further improves the reliability of the pressure relief mechanism 8 .
  • the projection of the air guide portion 92 in the thickness direction of the end cover 23 may be located within the projection of the weak portion 81 in the thickness direction of the end cover 23 .
  • the electrolyte flows into between the base portion 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 through the flow guide portion 92 , and the electrolyte is buffered, thereby reducing the risk of creep deformation of the pressure relief mechanism 8 and further improving the reliability of the pressure relief mechanism 8 .
  • the projection of the flow guide part 92 on the thickness direction X of the end cover 23 is located in the thickness direction of the pressure relief mechanism 8 on the end cover 23. Outside the projection on X.
  • the diversion part 92 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the insulator 9 further includes a first concave portion 93 that is recessed relative to the outer surface of the base portion 91 in a direction away from the end cap 23, wherein, the flow guide portion 92 is disposed on the bottom wall of the first recess 93 , that is, the first bottom wall 93 a, and the flow guide portion 92 communicates the first recess 93 with the space on the side of the base portion 91 away from the weak portion 81 .
  • the first concave portion 93 can form a flow channel.
  • the electrolyte flows into the space between the base portion 91 and the pressure relief mechanism 8 through the guide portion 92, the electrolyte can be further buffered in the first concave portion 93, and the buffered electrolyte will be The impact force on the pressure relief mechanism 8 is further reduced.
  • the outer surface of the base portion 91 is the surface of the base portion 91 facing the end cap 23 .
  • the side wall of the first concave portion 93 that is, the first side wall 93b, is arranged around the weak portion 81, the overall occupied area of the first concave portion 93 is relatively small, and the occupied area of the base portion 91 is relatively large.
  • the base portion 91 is connected to the end cover 23 and can better support the end cover 23 .
  • the insulator 9 further includes a second concave portion 94 that is recessed relative to the outer surface of the base portion 91 in a direction away from the end cap 23 , the second concave portion 94 is at least partially located outside the first concave portion 93 along the first direction Y and communicates with the first concave portion 93, the first direction Y is perpendicular to the thickness direction X of the end cover 23; wherein, the flow guide portion 92 can also be provided
  • the bottom wall of the second recess 94 is the second bottom wall 94a, and is located on the outer side of the first recess 93 along the first direction Y.
  • the guide part 92 connects the second recess 94 to a side of the base part 91 that is away from the weak part 81. side space.
  • the second recess 94 communicates with the first recess 93 to jointly form a flow channel.
  • the electrolyte can flow into the second concave portion 94 from the flow guiding portion 92 and be buffered in the flow channel.
  • the buffered electrolyte will further reduce the impact force on the pressure relief mechanism 8 .
  • a part of the second recess 94 is formed on the bottom wall of the first recess 93 , that is, the first bottom wall 93 a , and the depth of the second recess 94 is greater than that of the first recess 93 .
  • Part of the electrolyte flows into the second recess 94 through the flow guide 92 arranged on the second bottom wall 94a, and part of the electrolyte flows into the first recess 93 through the flow guide 92 arranged on the first bottom wall 93a.
  • the inside of the first concave portion 93 and the second concave portion 94 are cushioned, so as to reduce the impact force on the pressure relief mechanism 8 .
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded schematic view of the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the end cap assembly shown in FIG. 9 at II.
  • the flow guiding portion 92 has various configuration forms, and can be flexibly configured according to the structure of the end cover assembly 22 .
  • the air guide part 92 may include a plurality of first air guide holes 921 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the weakened part 81 .
  • the electrolyte solution flows smoothly into the first concave portion 93 from the circumferential direction of the weak portion 81, and the electrolyte solution is buffered in the first concave portion 93.
  • the impact of the electrolyte solution on the weak portion 81 is relatively uniform, and the weak portion 81 can be prevented from being destroyed by local pressure.
  • the first guide hole 921 may be disposed on the first bottom wall 93 a, and the first guide hole 921 communicates the first concave portion 93 with the space on the side of the base portion 91 away from the weak portion 81 .
  • the shape of the first guide hole 921 can be adapted to the outer peripheral contour of the weak portion 81, that is, it is set according to the extension track of the weak portion 81, so that the electrolyte can flow into the weak portion 81 evenly and gently. At 81, the risk of local stress concentration in the weak portion 81 is reduced.
  • the weak portion 81 is an annular structure
  • the shape of the first guide hole 921 can be set as an annular hole, and the size and shape of the hole can be adjusted according to the extension track.
  • the first flow guide hole 921 can be set as a long strip hole, and the first flow guide hole 921 can be set to one or more, when the first flow guide hole 921 is set to a plurality , a plurality of first guide holes 921 are respectively disposed on two sides of the weakened portion 81 .
  • the air guide part 92 may further include a third air guide hole 923, at least part of the third air guide hole 923 is disposed on the side wall of the second recess 94, that is, the second side wall 94b, and is connected to the first air guide hole 923.
  • the hole 921 communicates.
  • the first diversion hole 921 and the third diversion hole 923 communicate, which can increase the flow channel, facilitate the rapid flow of the electrolyte, and prevent the electrolyte from accumulating on the side of the insulator 9 facing the electrode assembly 10 to cause excessive pressure and damage the insulator. 9, etc. cause damage, etc.
  • the air guide part 92 may include a second air guide hole 922, the second air guide hole 922 is disposed on the bottom wall of the second concave part 94, that is, the second bottom wall 94a, and the second air guide hole 922 is located at the first On the outer side of the concave portion 93 along the first direction Y, the second guide hole 922 communicates the second concave portion 94 with the space on the side of the base portion 91 away from the weak portion 81 .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。端盖组件用于电池单体，其包括：端盖；泄压机构，泄压机构设于端盖，泄压机构包括薄弱部，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体内部的压力达到阈值时沿薄弱部破裂以泄放压力；以及绝缘件，绝缘件位于端盖的面向电池单体的电极组件的一侧，绝缘件包括基体部和设置于基体部的导流部，基体部连接端盖，导流部将基体部和泄压机构之间的空间连通于基体部的背离薄弱部的一侧的空间，其中，在端盖的厚度方向上，导流部的投影与薄弱部的投影不重叠，以在电池单体的电解液经由导流部流入基体部和泄压机构之间时，减小电解液对薄弱部的冲击力。本申请能够对泄压机构进行防护，提高电池单体的安全性能。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年09月28日提交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置”的中国专利申请202122366644.0的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
随着电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池单体的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池单体的安全问题不能保证，那该电池单体就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池单体的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置，能够增强电池单体的安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，端盖组件包括：端盖；泄压机构，泄压机构设于端盖，泄压机构包括薄弱 部，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体内部的压力达到阈值时沿薄弱部破裂以泄放压力；以及绝缘件，绝缘件位于端盖的面向电池单体的电极组件的一侧，绝缘件包括基体部和设置于基体部的导流部，基体部连接端盖，导流部将基体部和泄压机构之间的空间连通于基体部的背离薄弱部的一侧的空间，其中，在端盖的厚度方向上，导流部的投影与薄弱部的投影不重叠，以在电池单体的电解液经由导流部流入基体部和泄压机构之间时，减小电解液对薄弱部的冲击力。
在上述技术方案中，绝缘件包括基体部和设置于基体部的导流部，基体部连接于端盖，基体部能够起到隔绝端盖和电极组件的作用，保证电池单体使用可靠性。导流部将基体部和泄压机构之间的空间连通于基体部背离薄弱部的一侧的空间，在电池单体发生热失控时，薄弱部致动，电池单体内部的压力能够通过导流部和泄压机构泄放至电池单体外。在端盖的厚度方向上，导流部的投影与薄弱部的投影不重叠，电解液经导流部流至基体部和泄压机构之间时，能够在基体部和泄压机构之间的空间得到缓冲，降低对泄压机构的薄弱部的冲击力，从而对泄压机构起到防护作用，提高电池单体的使用可靠性和安全性能。
在一些实施例中，导流部在端盖的厚度方向上的投影位于薄弱部在端盖的厚度方向上的投影外。在本申请实施例中，电解液经导流部流入基体部和泄压机构之间，电解液从薄弱部的外侧流至薄弱部处会得到缓冲，能够明显降低对薄弱部的冲击力。
在一些实施例中，导流部在端盖的厚度方向上的投影位于泄压机构在端盖的厚度方向上的投影外。在本申请实施例中，导流部和泄压机构错开设置，电解液经导流部流入基体部和泄压机构之间时，不会直接对泄压机构造成冲击，降低薄弱部破裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，导流部包括多个第一导流孔，多个第一导流孔沿薄弱部的周向间隔设置。在本申请实施例中，电解液从薄弱部的周向平缓流入基体部和泄压机构之间，电解液对薄弱部的冲击较为均匀，能够防止薄弱部受到局部压力被破坏。
在一些实施例中，第一导流孔的形状与薄弱部的外周轮廓相适配。 在本申请实施例中，电解液从薄弱部的周边流入，能够均匀平缓流至薄弱部处，降低薄弱部局部应力集中的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件还包括相对于基体部的外表面沿背离端盖的方向凹陷形成的第一凹部，其中，多个第一导流孔设置于第一凹部的底壁，第一导流孔将第一凹部连通于基体部的背离薄弱部的一侧的空间。在本申请实施例中，第一凹部能够形成流动通道，在电解液经第一导流孔流入基体部和泄压机构之间时，电解液能够于第一凹部内得到进一步缓冲，缓冲后的电解液将会进一步降低对泄压机构的冲击力。
在一些实施例中，第一凹部的侧壁围绕薄弱部设置。在本申请实施例中，第一凹部占据面积相对较小，基体部占据面积相对较大，较大面积的基体部与端盖连接，能够对端盖起到较好的支撑作用。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件还包括相对于基体部的外表面沿背离端盖的方向凹陷形成的第二凹部，第二凹部至少部分位于第一凹部沿第一方向的外侧并与第一凹部连通，第一方向垂直于端盖的厚度方向；其中，导流部包括第二导流孔，第二导流孔设置于第二凹部的底壁且位于第一凹部沿第一方向的外侧，第二导流孔将第二凹部连通于基体部的背离薄弱部的一侧的空间。在本申请实施例中，电解液能够从第二导流孔流入第二凹部内，并于流动通道内得到缓冲，缓冲后的电解液将会进一步降低对泄压机构的冲击力。
在一些实施例中，第二凹部的一部分形成于第一凹部的底壁，且第二凹部的深度大于第一凹部的深度。在本申请实施例中，电解液分别在第一凹部和第二凹部内得到缓冲，以此降低对泄压机构的冲击力。
在一些实施例中，导流部还包括第三导流孔，第三导流孔的至少部分设置于第二凹部的侧壁且与第一导流孔连通。在本申请实施例中，第一导流孔和第三导流孔连通，能够增加流动的通道，便于电解液快速流入基体部和泄压机构之间。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括如第一方面任一实施例的端盖组件。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个如第二方面任 一实施例的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第三方面的电池，电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图6为图5所示端盖组件沿线A-A作出的剖视示意图；
图7为图6所示的端盖组件在I处的放大示意图；
图8为图5所示端盖组件沿线B-B作出的剖视示意图；
图9为图5所示的端盖组件的爆炸示意图；
图10为图9所示的端盖组件在II处的放大示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
X、厚度方向；Y、第一方向；
1、车辆；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；5、箱体；51、第一箱体部；52、第二箱体部；53、容纳空间；6、电池模块；7、电池单体；10、电极组件；11、主体部；12、极耳部；13、集流构件；20、外壳组件；21、壳体；22、端盖组件；221、电极端子；23、端盖；8、泄压机构；81、薄弱部；9、绝缘件；91、基体部；92、导流部；921、第一导流孔；922、第二导流孔；923、第三导流孔；93、第一凹部；93a、第一底壁；93b、第一侧壁；94、第二凹部；94a、第二底壁；94b、第二侧壁。
具体实施方式
使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出 的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、锂钠离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极极耳，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池单体为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极极耳，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于 此。
电池单体还可以包括外壳组件，外壳组件内部具有容纳腔，该容纳腔是外壳组件为电极组件和电解液提供的密闭空间。外壳组件包括壳体和端盖组件，壳体为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖组件盖合于壳体的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件和电解液的容纳腔。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而导致压力或温度骤升。这种情况下泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火等。
泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。上述阈值可能取决于电池单体内的正极极片、极片极片、电解液和隔离件中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行动作或者泄压机构中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体的内部压力得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构在致动时，电池单体的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离件的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
发明人发现电池单体在循环过程中，电池单体在内部压力未达到设 定阈值时就发生爆破泄压的问题之后，对电池单体的结构和使用环境进行了分析和研究。发明人发现，电池单体的泄压机构存在提前疲劳老化的情况，从而导致泄压机构的阈值下降，在电池单体内部压力还未达到原预设压力值时，泄压机构会提前发生爆破。在进一步研究之后发现，电池单体在使用过程中，电解液可能会因为电池单体的震动而冲击泄压机构的薄弱结构，从而引发薄弱结构破裂，导致泄压机构的打开阈值下降。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案，在该技术方案中，电池单体的端盖组件包括：端盖；泄压机构，泄压机构设于端盖，泄压机构包括薄弱部，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体内部的压力达到阈值时沿薄弱部破裂以泄放压力；以及绝缘件，绝缘件位于端盖的面向电池单体的电极组件的一侧，绝缘件包括基体部和设置于基体部的导流部，基体部连接端盖，导流部将基体部和泄压机构之间的空间连通于基体部的背离薄弱部的一侧的空间，其中，在端盖的厚度方向上，导流部的投影与薄弱部的投影不重叠，以在电池单体的电解液经由导流部流入基体部和泄压机构之间时，减小电解液对薄弱部的冲击力。具有这种结构的端盖组件，降低了电解液正面冲击泄压机构的薄弱部的风险，减小电解液对薄弱部的冲击力，降低薄弱部在电池单体的内部压力未达到阈值时破裂的风险，能够提高电池单体的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、包含电池单体的电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体(图2未示出)，电池单体容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52相互盖合，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间53。第二箱体部52可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51为板状结构，第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5；第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52连接后的密封性，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的顶部，第一箱体部51亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部52亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中 既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图。如图3所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体为多个，多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体的并联或串联或混联。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图，如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体7包括电极组件10和外壳组件20，电极组件10容纳于外壳组件20内。
在一些实施例中，外壳组件20还可用于容纳电解液。外壳组件20可以是多种结构形式。
在一些实施例中，外壳组件20可以包括壳体21和端盖组件22，壳体21为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖组件22盖合于壳体21的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件22包括端盖23，端盖23盖合于壳体21的开口处。端盖23可以是多种结构，比如，端盖23为板状结构。示例性的，在图4中，壳体21为长方体结构，端盖23为板状结构，端盖23盖合于壳体21顶部的开口处。
端盖23可以由绝缘材料(例如塑胶)制成，也可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成。当端盖23由金属材料制成时，端盖组件22还可包括绝缘件(图中未示出)，绝缘件位于端盖23面向电极组件10的一侧，以将端盖23和电极组件10绝缘隔开。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件22还可以包括电极端子221，电极端子221安装于端盖23上。电极端子221为两个，两个电极端子221分别定义为正极电极端子和负极电极端子，正极电极端子和负极电极端子均用于与 电极组件10电连接，以输出电极组件10所产生的电能。
在另一些实施例中，外壳组件20也可以是其他结构，比如，外壳组件20包括壳体21和两个端盖组件22，壳体21为相对的两侧开口的空心结构，一个端盖组件22对应盖合于壳体21的一个开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。在这种结构中，可以一个端盖组件22上设有两个电极端子221，而另一个端盖组件22上未设置电极端子，也可以两个端盖组件22各设置一个电极端子221。
在电池单体7中，容纳于外壳组件20内的电极组件10可以是一个，也可以是多个。示例性的，在图4中，电极组件10为四个。
电极组件10包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电极组件10可以是卷绕式电极组件、叠片式电极组件或其它形式的电极组件。
在一些实施例中，电极组件10为卷绕式电极组件。正极极片、负极极片和隔离件均为带状结构。本申请实施例可以将正极极片、隔离件以及负极极片依次层叠并卷绕两圈以上形成电极组件10。
在另一些实施例中，电极组件10为叠片式电极组件。具体地，电极组件10包括多个正极极片和多个负极极片，正极极片和负极极片交替层叠，层叠的方向平行于正极极片的厚度方向和负极极片的厚度方向。
从电极组件10的外形来看，电极组件10包括主体部11和连接于主体部11的极耳部12。示例性地，极耳部12从主体部11的靠近端盖组件22的一端延伸出。
在一些实施例中，极耳部12为两个，两个极耳部12分别定义为正极极耳部和负极极耳部。正极极耳部和负极极耳部可以从主体部11的同一端延伸出，也可以分别从主体部11的相反的两端延伸出。
主体部11为电极组件10实现充放电功能的核心部分，极耳部12用于将主体部11产生的电流引出。主体部11包括正极集流体的正极集流部、正极活性物质层、负极集流体的负极集流部、负极活性物质层以及隔离件。正极极耳部包括多个正极极耳，负极极耳部包括多个负极极耳。
极耳部12用于电连接于电极端子221。极耳部12可以通过焊接等方式直接连接于电极端子，也可以通过其它构件间接地连接于电极端子 221。例如，电池单体7还包括集流构件13，集流构件13用于电连接电极端子221和极耳部12。集流构件13为两个，两个集流构件13分别定义为正极集流构件和负极集流构件，正极集流构件用于电连接正极电极端子和正极极耳部，负极集流构件用于电连接负极电极端子和负极极耳部。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；图6为图5所示端盖组件沿线A-A作出的剖视示意图；图7为图6所示的端盖组件在I处的放大示意图；图8为图5所示的端盖组件沿线B-B作出的剖视示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图5至图8所示，端盖组件22包括：端盖23；泄压机构8，泄压机构8设于端盖23，泄压机构8包括薄弱部81，泄压机构8被配置为在电池单体(图5至图8中未示出)内部的压力达到阈值时沿薄弱部81破裂以泄放压力；以及绝缘件9，绝缘件9位于端盖23的面向电池单体的电极组件(图5至图8中未示出)的一侧，绝缘件9包括基体部91和设置于基体部91的导流部92，基体部91连接端盖23，导流部92将基体部91和泄压机构8之间的空间连通于基体部91的背离薄弱部81的一侧的空间，其中，在端盖23的厚度方向X上，导流部92的投影与薄弱部81的投影不重叠，以在电池单体7的电解液经由导流部92流入基体部91和泄压机构8之间时，减小电解液对薄弱部81的冲击力。
在此需要说明的是，图5至图8中示出的X方向表示端盖23的厚度方向；Y方向表示第一方向，第一方向Y和端盖23的厚度方向X垂直；第一方向Y可以是端盖23的宽度方向，或者是与端盖23的宽度方向呈一定角度的方向，在此不进行具体限定。
端盖23可以由绝缘材料或导电材料制成，用于将电解液和外部环境隔绝。示例性地，导电材料可以为铜、铁、铝、不锈钢或铝合金等。端盖23可以用于安装电极端子221。并且在泄压机构8致动时，电池单体内部的压力通过端盖23泄放。
泄压机构8用于在电池单体的内部压力达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力。当电池单体产生较多气体使得壳体(图5至图8中未示出)内部压力升高并达到阈值时，泄压机构8中设有的薄弱部81破裂，进而形成排 气通道，以快速泄放气体，降低电池单体发生爆炸的风险。薄弱部81指的是泄压机构8上相对于泄压机构8的其余部分强度偏弱，易于破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开的部分。示例性地，对泄压机构8的预定区域进行减薄处理，被减薄处理的部分形成薄弱部81。或者，对泄压机构8的预定区域进行材料处理，使得该区域的强度弱于其他区域的强度，强度低的区域形成薄弱部81。在本申请实施例中，薄弱部81可以是环形结构、长条形结构等形状。
绝缘件9可起到隔离端盖23和电极组件的作用，防止端盖23与电极组件接触，而造成电池单体短路的风险。在本实施例中，绝缘件9为绝缘材质，绝缘件9可以是橡胶或塑料等材质。
电池单体在使用过程中，例如运输、温度变化或充放电的过程中，电池单体内的电解液可能会因为电池单体的震动而冲击泄压机构8的薄弱部81，导致在电池单体内部的压力未达到阈值时有可能发生泄压机构8提前致动，从而导致电池单体的使用可靠性以及安全性能较差。
在本申请实施例中，绝缘件9包括基体部91和设置于基体部91的导流部92，基体部91连接于端盖23，基体部91能够起到隔绝端盖23和电极组件的作用，保证电池单体使用可靠性。导流部92将基体部91和泄压机构8之间的空间连通于基体部91背离薄弱部81的一侧的空间，在电池单体发生热失控时，电池单体内部的压力能够通过导流部92泄放至电池单体外。在端盖23的厚度方向X上，导流部92的投影与薄弱部81的投影不重叠，电解液经导流部92流至基体部91和泄压机构8之间时，能够在基体部91和泄压机构8之间的空间得到缓冲，降低对泄压机构8的薄弱部81的冲击力，降低薄弱部81在电池单体的内部压力未达到阈值时破裂的风险，从而对泄压机构8起到防护作用，提高电池单体7的使用可靠性和安全性能。
如图7和图8所示，在一些实施例中，导流部92在端盖23的厚度方向X上的投影位于薄弱部81在端盖23的厚度方向X上的投影外。导流部92和薄弱部81错开设置，电解液经导流部92流入基体部91和泄压机构8之间，并从薄弱部81的外侧流至薄弱部81处，能够有效对电解液进 行缓冲，从而明显降低对薄弱部81的冲击力，降低薄弱部81破裂的风险。泄压机构8与端盖23连接的部分强度相对较高，电解液流入基体部91和泄压机构8之间时，首先流经该部分，由于其较高的强度会降低泄压机构8的蠕变变形的可能性，进而降低薄弱部81被破坏的风险，进一步提高泄压机构8的使用可靠性。
在另一些实施例中，导流部92在端盖23的厚度方向上的投影可以位于薄弱部81在端盖23的厚度方向上的投影内。电解液经导流部92流入基体部91和泄压机构8之间，电解液得到缓冲，从而降低了泄压机构8蠕变变形的风险，进一步提高泄压机构8的使用可靠性。
为了进一步防护泄压机构8，如图7和图8所示，在一些实施例中，导流部92在端盖23的厚度方向X上的投影位于泄压机构8在端盖23的厚度方向X上的投影外。导流部92和泄压机构8错开设置，电解液经导流部92流入基体部91和泄压机构8之间时，不会直接对泄压机构8造成冲击，降低薄弱部81破裂的风险；电解液直接冲击端盖23，由于端盖23的强度较高，不易发生变形，不会带动泄压机构8发生蠕变变形，从而进一步对泄压机构8起到防护作用。
为了进一步防护薄弱部81，请继续参阅图7和图8，在一些实施例中，绝缘件9还包括相对于基体部91的外表面沿背离端盖23的方向凹陷形成的第一凹部93，其中，导流部92设置于第一凹部93的底壁即第一底壁93a，导流部92将第一凹部93连通于基体部91的背离薄弱部81的一侧的空间。第一凹部93能够形成流动通道，在电解液经导流部92流入基体部91和泄压机构8之间时，电解液能够于第一凹部93内得到进一步缓冲，缓冲后的电解液将会进一步降低对泄压机构8的冲击力。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，基体部91的外表面为基体部91的面向端盖23的表面。
在一些实施例中，第一凹部93的侧壁即第一侧壁93b，围绕薄弱部81设置，第一凹部93整体占据面积相对较小，基体部91占据面积相对较大，较大面积的基体部91与端盖23连接，能够对端盖23起到较好的支撑作用。
为了更进一步防护薄弱部81，请继续参阅图7和图8，在一些实施例中，绝缘件9还包括相对于基体部91的外表面沿背离端盖23的方向凹陷形成的第二凹部94，第二凹部94至少部分位于第一凹部93沿第一方向Y的外侧并与第一凹部93连通，第一方向Y垂直于端盖23的厚度方向X；其中，导流部92还可以设置于第二凹部94的底壁即第二底壁94a，且位于第一凹部93沿第一方向Y的外侧，导流部92将第二凹部94连通于基体部91的背离薄弱部81的一侧的空间。
第二凹部94与第一凹部93连通，共同形成流动通道。电解液能够从导流部92流入第二凹部94内，并于流动通道内得到缓冲，缓冲后的电解液将会进一步降低对泄压机构8的冲击力。
可选地，第二凹部94的一部分形成于第一凹部93的底壁即第一底壁93a，且第二凹部94的深度大于第一凹部93的深度。部分电解液经设置于第二底壁94a的导流部92流入第二凹部94内，部分电解液经设置于第一底壁93a的导流部92流入第一凹部93内，电解液分别在第一凹部93和第二凹部94内得到缓冲，以此降低对泄压机构8的冲击力。
图9为图5所示的端盖组件的爆炸示意图；图10为图9所示的端盖组件在II处的放大示意图。
如图8至图10所示，导流部92具有多种设置形式，可以根据端盖组件22的结构灵活设置。
作为一些示例，导流部92可以包括多个第一导流孔921，多个第一导流孔921沿薄弱部81的周向间隔设置。电解液从薄弱部81的周向平缓流入第一凹部93，电解液于第一凹部93内得到缓冲，电解液对薄弱部81的冲击较为均匀，能够防止薄弱部81受到局部压力被破坏。第一导流孔921可以设置于第一底壁93a，第一导流孔921将第一凹部93连通于基体部91的背离薄弱部81的一侧的空间。
第一导流孔921的形状可以与薄弱部81的外周轮廓相适配，即根据薄弱部81的延伸轨迹进行设置，以使电解液在薄弱部81的周边流入，能够均匀平缓流至薄弱部81处，降低薄弱部81局部应力集中的风险。示例性地，薄弱部81为环形结构，第一导流孔921的形状可以设置为环形 孔，并可以根据延伸轨迹进行孔尺寸和孔形状的调节。或者薄弱部81为长条形结构，第一导流孔921可以设置为长条形孔，并且第一导流孔921可以设置为一个或多个，第一导流孔921设置为多个时，多个第一导流孔921分别设置于薄弱部81的两侧。
作为另一些示例，导流部92还可以包括第三导流孔923，第三导流孔923的至少部分设置于第二凹部94的侧壁即第二侧壁94b，且与第一导流孔921连通。第一导流孔921和第三导流孔923流通，能够增加流动的通道，便于电解液快速流动，防止电解液聚积于绝缘件9朝向电极组件10的一侧造成压力过大，对绝缘件9等造成损坏等。
作为再一些示例，导流部92可以包括第二导流孔922，第二导流孔922设置于第二凹部94的底壁即第二底壁94a，且第二导流孔922位于第一凹部93沿第一方向Y的外侧，第二导流孔922将第二凹部94连通于基体部91的背离薄弱部81的一侧的空间。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，所述端盖组件包括：
    端盖；
    泄压机构，所述泄压机构设于所述端盖，所述泄压机构包括薄弱部，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体内部的压力达到阈值时沿所述薄弱部破裂以泄放所述压力；以及
    绝缘件，所述绝缘件位于所述端盖的面向所述电池单体的电极组件的一侧，所述绝缘件包括基体部和设置于所述基体部的导流部，所述基体部连接所述端盖，所述导流部将所述基体部和所述泄压机构之间的空间连通于所述基体部的背离所述薄弱部的一侧的空间，
    其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述导流部的投影与所述薄弱部的投影不重叠，以在所述电池单体的电解液经由所述导流部流入所述基体部和所述泄压机构之间时，减小所述电解液对所述薄弱部的冲击力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，所述导流部在所述端盖的厚度方向上的投影位于所述薄弱部在所述端盖的厚度方向上的投影外。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖组件，其中，所述导流部在所述端盖的厚度方向上的投影位于所述泄压机构在所述端盖的厚度方向上的投影外。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，所述导流部包括多个第一导流孔，多个所述第一导流孔沿所述薄弱部的周向间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一导流孔的形状与所述薄弱部的外周轮廓相适配。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述绝缘件还包括相对于所述基体部的外表面沿背离所述端盖的方向凹陷形成的第一凹部，
    其中，多个所述第一导流孔设置于所述第一凹部的底壁，所述第一导流孔将所述第一凹部连通于所述基体部的背离所述薄弱部的一侧的空间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一凹部的侧壁围绕所述薄弱部设置。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的端盖组件，其中，所述绝缘件还包括相对于所述基体部的外表面沿背离所述端盖的方向凹陷形成的第二凹部，所述第二凹部至少部分位于所述第一凹部沿第一方向的外侧并与所述第一凹部连通，所述第一方向垂直于所述端盖的厚度方向；
    其中，所述导流部包括第二导流孔，所述第二导流孔设置于所述第二凹部的底壁且位于所述第一凹部沿所述第一方向的外侧，所述第二导流孔将所述第二凹部连通于所述基体部的背离所述薄弱部的一侧的空间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第二凹部的一部分形成于所述第一凹部的底壁，且所述第二凹部的深度大于所述第一凹部的深度。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，所述导流部还包括第三导流孔，所述第三导流孔的至少部分设置于所述第二凹部的侧壁且与所述第一导流孔连通。
  11. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳组件，包括壳体和如权利要求1至10任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖组件盖合所述壳体；以及
    电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内。
  12. 一种电池，包括多个如权利要求11所述的电池单体。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求12所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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