WO2023054095A1 - マイクロ分析チップ、電解質濃度測定システムおよび電解質濃度測定方法 - Google Patents
マイクロ分析チップ、電解質濃度測定システムおよび電解質濃度測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023054095A1 WO2023054095A1 PCT/JP2022/035105 JP2022035105W WO2023054095A1 WO 2023054095 A1 WO2023054095 A1 WO 2023054095A1 JP 2022035105 W JP2022035105 W JP 2022035105W WO 2023054095 A1 WO2023054095 A1 WO 2023054095A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/333—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/307—Disposable laminated or multilayered electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/4035—Combination of a single ion-sensing electrode and a single reference electrode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microanalysis chip in which a microchannel is formed inside a porous substrate, an electrolyte concentration measurement system and an electrolyte concentration measurement method using the microanalysis chip.
- Electrochemical analysis measures the potential between electrodes immersed in the sample to be analyzed, and is widely used in fields such as medicine and the environment.
- Conventional electrochemical analysis is performed by technicians using sophisticated equipment, which limits the field and resources for measurement to some extent.
- it is inexpensive, easy to handle, and disposable for medical use in developing countries, remote areas, and disaster sites where medical facilities are inadequate, and for use at airports, where it is necessary to stop the spread of infectious diseases.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a filter paper-based measuring device for the concentration of Na ions and K ions.
- the device has a dispensing portion for dispensing a sample, and the dispensed sample permeates from the dispensing portion to the respective regions of the working electrode and the reference electrode, thereby electrically connecting the two electrodes. , potential difference measurement becomes possible.
- a KCl ion crystal is deposited on the reference electrode in order to obtain a stable potential at the reference electrode. to obtain a stable reference electrode potential.
- an ion-selective membrane formed so as to cover the working electrode selects only the ions to be measured so that the measurement can be performed without being affected by other ions.
- Patent Document 1 also discloses a method for measuring the concentration of a specific protein contained in a biological sample.
- a fluorescent substance is placed in a sensing region defined by a hydrophobic barrier formed on a paper substrate, and the specific protein concentration is measured by analyzing the fluorescent signal generated by the reaction with the sample. It is said that the sensing area and the sampling area (biological sample dispensing section) formed by the hydrophobic barrier may be the same area.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the specimen dispensed onto the surface of the porous substrate permeates from the surface of the porous substrate into the interior of the porous substrate, and further permeates into each region of the working electrode and the reference electrode. and contacts an ion-selective membrane infiltrated into the porous substrate. After that, the target ions contained in the sample are selected by the ion selective membrane, and the target ions reach the working electrode. and the ion-selective membrane interface.
- Non-Patent Document 1 did not disclose details of a method for controlling permeation. Further, if the length of the boundary between the ion selective membrane and the porous substrate is increased, and the area of the ion selective membrane is increased in order to increase the area of the interface between the ion selective membrane and the porous substrate, the size of the analysis chip will increase. This will lead to an increase in size.
- the sensing area and the sampling area (biological sample dispensing section) formed by the hydrophobic barrier may be the same. sure to be done.
- the measurement can be performed only when the reference electrode and the working electrode are maintained at different ion concentrations. For this reason, the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1 that does not provide an ion concentration region to be used as a reference (the configuration in which the sensing region and the sampling region (biological sample dispensing section) are the same) cannot be applied to electrochemical measurements.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a microanalytical chip for electrolyte concentration measurement, an electrolyte concentration measurement system, and an electrolyte concentration measurement method that are capable of obtaining good measurement sensitivity and ion selectivity.
- a microanalysis chip having a channel region surrounded by channel walls provided inside a porous substrate, The channel region has a first channel chamber, a second channel chamber, and a channel connecting the first channel chamber and the second channel chamber, said first flow chamber having a reference electrode and said second flow chamber having a working electrode;
- the working electrode is covered with an ion selective membrane containing a component having ion selectivity,
- a micro analysis chip is provided in which the exposed surface of the ion-selective membrane is a pipetting portion into which a specimen is pipetted.
- a micro analysis chip a sample supply unit that supplies a sample to the micro analysis chip; an electrolyte concentration measurement system comprising a measurement unit that measures the potential difference generated on the microanalysis chip,
- the microanalysis chip has a channel region surrounded by channel walls provided inside a porous substrate, The channel region has a first channel chamber, a second channel chamber, and a channel connecting the first channel chamber and the second channel chamber, said first flow chamber having a reference electrode and said second flow chamber having a working electrode;
- the working electrode is covered with an ion selective membrane containing a component having ion selectivity,
- the specimen supply unit supplies the specimen so that at least part of the specimen covers the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane covering the working electrode,
- An electrolyte concentration measurement system is provided, wherein the measurement unit measures a potential difference between the electrodes caused by a difference between the ion concentration at the reference electrode and the ion concentration at the working electrode.
- a method for measuring an electrolyte concentration using a micro analysis chip has a channel region surrounded by channel walls provided inside a porous substrate, The channel region has a first channel chamber, a second channel chamber, and a channel connecting the first channel chamber and the second channel chamber, said first flow chamber having a reference electrode and said second flow chamber having a working electrode;
- the working electrode is covered with an ion selective membrane containing a component having ion selectivity, at least a portion of an analyte is dispensed over the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane covering the working electrode; ions contained in the dispensed sample and selected by the ion-selective membrane contact the working electrode; the dispensed sample penetrates the channel and contacts the reference electrode;
- a method for measuring electrolyte concentration is provided for measuring the potential difference between the electrodes caused by the difference between the ion concentration at the reference electrode and the working electrode.
- the present disclosure it is possible to sufficiently secure the contact area between the specimen and the ion selective membrane and the amount of the specimen that reacts with the ion selective membrane, and the micrometer with excellent electrolyte concentration measurement sensitivity and ion selectivity. It becomes possible to provide analysis chips. In addition, by providing the pipetting unit in the flow channel chamber having the ion selective membrane, the length of the flow channel connecting the flow channel chambers can be shortened, and the size of the microanalysis chip can be reduced. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an electrolyte concentration measurement system and an electrolyte concentration measurement method using the micro analysis chip as described above.
- FIG. 1 is a top view showing the configuration of a micro analysis chip P1 according to Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an AA cross section of the micro analysis chip P1 shown in FIG. 1; 1 is an example of a schematic diagram of specimen dispensing in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is another example of a schematic diagram of sample dispensing in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane according to Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is another example of a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane according to Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is another example of a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane according to Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is another example of a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane according to Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a top view showing the configuration of a micro analysis chip P1 according to Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is an example of measurement results in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is an example of measurement results in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a top view showing the configuration of a micro analysis chip P2 according to Example 2;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing an AA cross section of the micro analysis chip P2 shown in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which a part of the regulation member covers and overlaps the boundary between the ion selective membrane and the porous substrate.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which a spacer is provided under a regulating member overlapping the boundary between an ion selective membrane and a porous substrate;
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the configuration of a measurement system according to Example 3;
- a microanalysis chip related to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems will be described based on the following examples. It should be noted that the embodiments shown below are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified top view of the micro analysis chip P1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the AA section of the microanalysis chip P1 shown in FIG. 3A and 3B schematically show how dispensing is performed on the micro analysis chip P1.
- a microanalysis chip has a channel region surrounded by channel walls provided inside a porous substrate. The channel pattern is formed in the porous substrate and has channel chamber 1 (first channel chamber), channel chamber 2 (second channel chamber), and channel 3 . The channel 3 connects the channel chamber 1 (first channel chamber) and the channel chamber 2 (second channel chamber).
- a reference electrode 7 is arranged in the channel chamber 1 (first channel chamber). The top and side surfaces of the reference electrode 7 are covered with an ionic crystal 10 having analyte solubility. The reference electrode 7 has a lead wire extending continuously from inside the channel chamber 1 onto the channel wall 5 as a point of contact during measurement.
- a working electrode 8 is arranged in the channel chamber 2 (second channel chamber). The top and side surfaces of the working electrode 8 are covered with an ion-selective membrane 9 containing an ion-selective component. The working electrode 8 has a lead that extends continuously from within the channel chamber 2 onto the channel wall 5 .
- the dispensing unit 6 that dispenses the sample will be described later.
- Example 1 In Example 1, a hydrophobic resin is placed on a porous paper substrate S1 having a thickness L1 of 0.1 mm and a porosity of 50%, and then heat-fixed to form a flow path through which the specimen cannot permeate. A channel pattern was formed as the wall 5 .
- porous substrate is not limited to a paper-made porous substrate.
- the porous substrate may be any material as long as it causes capillary action in the liquid. , metal paper, or the like may be used.
- the flow path pattern is formed by thermal fixation after disposing the hydrophobic resin, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the flow channel walls may be formed by a wax printer, in addition to cutting the porous paper substrate S1 to leave only the shape of the flow channel.
- a reference electrode 7 using Ag/AgCl was provided in the channel chamber 1 .
- 3.5 mg of KCl ion crystal 10 was placed on reference electrode 7 .
- a working electrode 8 mainly made of carbon was provided in the channel chamber 2 .
- an electrode 8 made of a conductive polymer such as PEDOT:PSS polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrenesulfonic acid dispersion
- Materials such as Ag/AgCl, which are conventionally used for the base of reference electrodes, may also be used.
- a Na ion selective membrane 9 was formed to cover the working electrode 8 .
- the ion selective membrane 9 is made of the following materials. Bis(12-crown-4) 3.0 wt%, an ion-selective material Potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate 0.5 wt% as an anion scavenger o-nitro phenyl octyl both 64.0 wt% Polyvinyl chloride 32.5 wt%
- the reference electrode 7, the working electrode 8, and the ion selective membrane 9 are formed in the above-described shapes, sizes, materials, and the like, but are not limited to these.
- the material of the ion crystal 10 is not limited to the KCl ion crystal as long as it contains Cl ions.
- the mass of the ion crystal 10 to be arranged is not limited to the range of mass that becomes a saturated solution when the KCl ion crystal is dissolved in pure water having a volume equivalent to the volume of the channel chamber 1 .
- a microanalysis chip having a channel region surrounded by channel walls provided inside a porous substrate, The channel region has a first channel chamber, a second channel chamber, and a channel connecting the first channel chamber and the second channel chamber, said first flow chamber having a reference electrode and said second flow chamber having a working electrode; There is no layer covering the surface of the working electrode in the porous substrate or on the surface of the porous substrate,
- the working electrode section may be configured as a pipetting section into which the sample is pipetted.
- the phrase "there is no layer covering the surface of the working electrode in the porous substrate or on the surface of the porous substrate” defines that a layer such as an ion-selective membrane does not exist on the surface of the working electrode.
- the working electrode is the first structure other than the porous substrate when observed from the surface of the microanalysis chip.
- the working electrode part is a pipetting part into which the specimen is pipetted” means that when the working electrode is exposed on the surface of the porous substrate, the specimen is pipetted onto the exposed surface.
- the working electrode is formed inside the porous substrate, it means that the sample is dispensed onto the surface of the microanalysis chip where the working electrode is present.
- the ion selective membrane 9 covering the working electrode is not used, the sample may be dispensed toward the working electrode.
- the dispensing section 6 is the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 .
- FIG. 3A shows a cross section of the entire microanalysis chip
- FIG. 3B shows an enlarged cross section of only the channel chamber 2 and its surroundings, not the entire microanalysis chip.
- 3A and 3B show the dispensed sample S in black. As shown in FIG. 3A, all of the specimen immediately after dispensing may be placed on the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 .
- a portion of the sample immediately after dispensing may be placed on the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 and the other portion may be placed on the porous substrate S1. That is, the specimen may be dispensed to the boundary between the ion selective membrane 9 and the porous substrate S1 in the second channel chamber. A part of the specimen only needs to be placed on the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 .
- 3A and 3B show the appearance of the sample immediately after dispensing, and the sample wets and spreads on the ion-selective membrane 9 after dispensing.
- the exposed surface X is the dispensing section 6
- the sample dispensed volume is equal to or greater than the volume that can reach the channel chamber 1 via the upper portion of the exposed surface X, the channel chamber 2, and the channel 3, a sufficient amount of the sample is brought into contact with the ion selective membrane 9. allows the analyte concentration to be measured with good accuracy between the working and reference electrodes.
- the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 is preferably lower in the central portion than in the peripheral portion and slopes from the lower central portion toward the higher peripheral portion. Since the exposed surface X is slanted, even if the sample is dispensed and the dispensing position is slightly deviated from the center, or if there are differences in concentration, surface tension, etc. for each sample, the sample can be ion-selected. It becomes possible to fit naturally in the center of the membrane. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
- the central portion of the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 may be higher than the peripheral portion and may be inclined from the high central portion toward the low peripheral portion.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 4A is suitable for a low-viscosity sample, which can be naturally placed in the center of the ion-selective membrane.
- FIG. 4B it is also possible to collect in the center and further permeate the porous member.
- FIG. 4C the structure shown in FIG. 4C is suitable for allowing the sample to easily permeate the porous substrate in the channel chamber 2 .
- Comparative Example 1 In order to explain the effect of Example 1 in more detail, Comparative Example 1 will be given.
- ⁇ Structure of flow path, shape of dispensing part> The shape of the channel wall of the microanalysis chip was the same as in Example 1.
- the configurations of the reference electrode, working electrode, ion-selective membrane, etc. were also the same as in Example 1.
- the pipetting portion was not the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane, but an intermediate position in the channel 3 where the distance from the channel chamber 1 and the distance from the channel chamber 2 were the same.
- ⁇ Permeation of sample> The dispensed sample started to permeate from the pipetting portion in both the channel chamber 1 side direction and the channel chamber 2 side direction at the same time, and reached the channel chambers 1 and 2 at the same time.
- the specimen that reached the channel chamber 1 dissolved the KCl crystals of the reference electrode in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a Cl ion solution with a saturated concentration.
- the specimen that reached the channel chamber 2 contacted the ion-selective membrane 9, but the contact was mainly at the boundary position between the porous substrate and the ion-selective membrane 9 in the cross section of the porous substrate. be. For this reason, sufficient measurement sensitivity and ion selectivity may not be obtained depending on the state of permeation of the ion selective member into the pores of the porous substrate and the shape of the ion selective membrane arranged in the porous substrate. .
- Example 1 [Effect of Example 1] [Advantages of Example 1 over Comparative Example 1] Advantages of Example 1 over Comparative Example 1 will be described.
- the mixed solution method specified in JIS K 0122 Ion Electrode Measuring Method General Rules was used for measurement.
- NaCl was selected as the solution containing ions to be measured
- KCl was selected as the solution containing coexisting ions.
- the concentration of KCl was fixed at 10 mmol/L, and the concentration of NaCl was changed in 5 stages of 10 ⁇ mol/L, 100 ⁇ mol/L, 1 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, and 100 mmol/L.
- the amount of sample dispensed was 30 ⁇ L to 50 ⁇ L.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show the relationship between the logarithmic Na ion concentration (logC Na+ ) and the measured potential (potential after stabilization) in Example 1 and FIG. 5B in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. The sensitivity represents the slope of the region where the slope of the measured potential with respect to the logarithmic Na ion concentration is non-negative and constant.
- the ion selectivity coefficient indicates how many orders of magnitude smaller target ions can be detected than the coexisting K ions, and is preferably larger in the negative direction.
- the non-negative linear rising point in Example 1 ranged from ⁇ 4 (mol/L) to ⁇ 3.5 (mol/L) in logarithmic Na ion concentration.
- the logarithmic concentration of the coexisting K ions is -2, it indicates that the target Na ions can be measured from a concentration that is one order of magnitude lower.
- FIG. 5B in Comparative Example 1, it was difficult to determine the region where the measured potential rises, and the determination of the ion selectivity coefficient and sensitivity was also unstable.
- Example 1 summarizes the results. In Example 1, the sensitivity required for measurement is obtained and the ion selectivity is also good. It was shown that there is In the configuration of Example 1, the area of the ion selective membrane 9 in contact with the analyte can be increased, the amount of the analyte reacting with the ion selective membrane 9 can be increased, both the measurement sensitivity and ion selectivity are excellent, and the electrolyte concentration measurement can be performed. It was shown to be effective against In addition, by providing the dispensing unit 6 in the channel chamber 2 having the ion selective membrane 9, the length of the channel 3 connecting the channel chamber 1 and the channel chamber 2 can be shortened. It can also lead to miniaturization of analysis chips).
- FIG. 6 is a top view showing a schematic configuration of the micro analysis chip P2.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the AA cross section of the micro analysis chip P2 shown in FIG. Hatched portions in FIGS. 6 and 7 indicate the restricting member 11 .
- the sample permeates almost all of the channel chamber 1, all of the channel 3, and around the pipetting part 6 of the channel chamber 2. It is covered with a regulating member 11 that does not.
- the regulating member 11 for example, a laminated film made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) can be used.
- the regulating member 11 covers the periphery of the dispensing section 6 in the channel chamber 2 and is opened so that the upper surface of the ion selective membrane 9 is exposed. As a result, dispensing is substantially prevented except for the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 , and the opening of the regulating member 11 serves as the dispensing section 6 .
- the sample dispensed into the dispensing section 6 spreads on the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9, permeates the porous substrate S1 from the exposed portion 91 of the porous substrate S1, and permeates the inside of the channel.
- the opening of the regulating member 11 is made small, and a part of the regulating member 11 (the edge of the opening) is located between the ion selective membrane 9 and the porous substrate S1 on the upper surface of the porous substrate S1. It can also be configured to cover and overlap the boundary with. However, in the portion 101 which is the boundary portion between the ion selective membrane 9 and the porous substrate S1 and where the end portion of the opening of the regulating member 11 overlaps, When the lower surface of the regulating member 11 and the upper surface of the ion selective membrane 9 are adhered to each other, the specimen dispensed into the dispensing section 6 (the upper surface of the ion selective membrane 9) cannot permeate the lower surface of the regulating member 11. As a result, , the dispensed sample cannot permeate the porous substrate S1.
- the dispensed sample can be transferred from the non-bonded portion to the porous substrate S1. It needs to be permeable.
- a spacer 71 is inserted between the lower surface of the regulation member 11 and the upper surface of the ion selective film 9 at the overlapping portion between the lower surface of the regulation member 11 and the upper surface of the ion selective film 9 . may By inserting the spacer 71, the dispensed specimen can permeate from the top surface of the ion selective membrane 9 to the porous substrate S1 around the inserted spacer 71.
- the periphery of the ion selective membrane 9 may be covered with a restricting member through which the sample does not permeate, and a configuration may be adopted in which dispensing can be performed only on the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane that is not covered by the restricting member. preferred.
- Example 3 A micro analysis chip may be used as part of an electrolyte concentration measurement system (hereinafter also simply referred to as "measurement system") that measures a plurality of test chips in sequence.
- FIG. 10 conceptually shows an example of the measurement system.
- Analysis chip P3 is placed on measurement table 31 .
- the measurement system also includes a dispenser (specimen supplier) 32 .
- the dispenser 32 includes a sample container 321 containing a sample, and a supply device 322 that supplies the sample based on an external signal.
- the sample container 321 and the supply device 322 may be an integrated pipette, and the sample contained in the sample container 321 is pressurized by the supply device 322 based on a signal received from the outside, so that the analysis chip P3 is quantified. It may be supplied.
- the dispenser 32 is supported by a dispenser support arm 81 provided on the measurement table 31 .
- the analysis chip P3 can be positioned with respect to the measurement system by a stepped shape (not shown) provided in the positioning portion 33 provided on either one or both of the measurement table 31 and the dispenser support arm 81.
- a stepped shape not shown
- the relative positional relationship between the pipetting machine 32 (specimen supply section) and the pipetting section 6 (exposed surface of the ion selective membrane 9) is determined.
- a predetermined amount of specimen can be reliably dispensed to the dispensing part 6 of the.
- the analysis chip P3 may have a positioning mark, and the relative positional relationship may be adjusted based on an output indicating that a mark detection unit (not shown) provided in the measurement system has detected the mark.
- a camera or the like can be used as the mark detection unit. According to such a mechanism, the sample can be dispensed to a desired position (for example, the central portion of the exposed surface X) of the exposed surface X of the ion selective membrane 9 by more precise positioning.
- the measurement system further comprises a voltage measurement section 34 .
- a voltage measurement unit 34 measures the potential difference that occurs on the microanalysis chip.
- the voltage measuring unit 34 is connected between the reference electrode 7 and the working electrode 8, and measures the potential difference between the two electrodes in response to the ion concentration at a predetermined timing.
- the microanalysis chip can be quickly placed at a predetermined position on the measurement table, and a predetermined amount of sample can be accurately dispensed onto the exposed surface of the ion selective membrane. is suitable as a measurement system for measuring quickly and accurately.
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Abstract
Description
1990年代前半に、フォトリソグラフィ法や金型などを用いて、ガラスやシリコン上にマイクロメータサイズの微細流路を形成し、サンプルの前処理、撹拌、混合、反応、検出を1チップ上で行うマイクロ分析チップが開発された。その結果、検査システムの小型化や迅速な分析、ならびに検体や廃液の低減などが実現された。
非特許文献1の構成では、多孔質基材の表面に分注された検体は、多孔質基材の表面から多孔質基材の内部に浸透し、さらに作用電極および参照電極それぞれの領域へ浸透し、多孔質基材中に浸透形成されたイオン選択膜に接触する。この後、イオン選択膜によって検体に含まれる目的イオンが選択され、作用電極に目的イオンが到達するが、検体とイオン選択膜との接触が巨視的には多孔質基材内の多孔質基材とイオン選択膜との境界面に限られる。このため、良好な測定精度を得るために、多孔質基材内における多孔質基材とイオン選択膜との接触面積が大きくなるように、多孔質基材の空隙部にイオン選択膜が浸透しやすいように調整するなどイオン選択膜の形成条件を精密に制御する必要があった。しかしながら非特許文献1には浸透を制御する方法の詳細は開示されていなかった。また、イオン選択膜と多孔質基材との境界の長さを大きくし、イオン選択膜と多孔質基材との境界面の面積を大きくするためにイオン選択膜の面積を大きくすると分析チップの大型化を招いてしまう。
本発明では上記課題に鑑み、良好な測定感度およびイオン選択性を得られる電解質濃度測定用のマイクロ分析チップ、並びに電解質濃度測定システム及び電解質濃度測定方法を提供することを目的とする。
多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有するマイクロ分析チップであって、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記作用電極は、イオン選択性を有する成分を含むイオン選択膜で覆われており、
前記イオン選択膜の露出面が、検体が分注される分注部であるマイクロ分析チップが提供される。
マイクロ分析チップと、
前記マイクロ分析チップに検体を供給する検体供給部と、
前記マイクロ分析チップ上で生じる電位差を測定する測定部と、を有する電解質濃度測定システムであって、
前記マイクロ分析チップは、多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有し、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記作用電極は、イオン選択性を有する成分を含むイオン選択膜で覆われており、
前記検体供給部は、前記検体の少なくとも一部が、前記作用電極を覆う前記イオン選択膜の露出面にかかるように前記検体を供給し、
前記測定部は、前記参照電極におけるイオン濃度と前記作用電極におけるイオン濃度との差によって生じる、両電極間の電位差を測定する、電解質濃度測定システムが提供される。
マイクロ分析チップを用いる電解質濃度測定方法であって、
前記マイクロ分析チップは、多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有し、
前記流路領域には、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記作用電極は、イオン選択性を有する成分を含むイオン選択膜で覆われており、
検体の少なくとも一部が、前記作用電極を覆う前記イオン選択膜の露出面にかかるように分注され、
分注された前記検体に含まれるイオンであって、前記イオン選択膜によって選択されたイオンが前記作用電極に接触し、
分注された前記検体が前記流路を浸透して前記参照電極に接触し、
前記参照電極におけるイオン濃度と前記作用電極におけるイオン濃度との差によって生じる、両電極間の電位差を測定する電解質濃度測定方法が提供される。
実施例1に関わるマイクロ分析チップP1の概略図を図1から図3A及び図3Bを用いて説明する。
図1はマイクロ分析チップP1の上面図を簡略的に示したものである。
図2は、図1に示すマイクロ分析チップP1のA-A断面を簡略的に示した図である。
図3A及び図3Bはマイクロ分析チップP1に対する分注の様子を模式的に示したものである。
マイクロ分析チップは、多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有する。流路パターンは、多孔質基材に形成され、流路室1(第一流路室)、流路室2(第二流路室)、及び流路3を有する。流路3は、流路室1(第一流路室)と流路室2(第二流路室)とをつなぐ。
流路室2(第二流路室)には、作用電極8が配置されている。作用電極8の上面及び側面を、イオン選択性を有する成分を含むイオン選択膜9が覆っている。作用電極8は、流路室2内から流路壁5上へと、電極が連続的に延長したリード線を有する。検体を分注する分注部6については後述する。
実施例1では、厚さL1=0.1mm、空隙率が50%の紙製多孔質基材S1上に疎水性樹脂を配置した後、熱定着することによって、検体が浸透不可能な流路壁5として流路パターンを形成した。
また本実施例においては、疎水性樹脂を配置したのち熱定着によって流路パターンを形成したが、これに限るものではない。流路パターンとなるように形成できればよく、紙製多孔質基材S1をカットし流路形状のみを残すカッティングする手法の他、流路壁をワックスプリンタで形成してもよい。
実施例1に関わる電極の処方について説明する。
流路室1にはAg/AgClを用いた参照電極7を設けた。参照電極7上にKClイオン結晶10を3.5mg配置した。
一方、流路室2にはカーボンを主材料とした作用電極8を設けた。尚、該カーボン電極の代わりにPEDOT:PSS(ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェンとポリスチレンスルホン酸の分散体)のような導電性高分子による電極8を用いてもよい。また従来から参照電極のベースに用いられているAg/AgClのような材料を使用してもよい。
イオン選択材料であるBis(12-crown-4) 3.0wt%
アニオン排除剤としてPotassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate 0.5wt%
o-nitro phenyl octyl either 64.0wt%
ポリ塩化ビニル 32.5wt%
イオン結晶10の材料はClイオンを含むものであればよく、KClイオン結晶に限るものではない。配置するイオン結晶10の質量は、流路室1の容積と同等の体積を持つ純水に対してKClイオン結晶を溶かした際に飽和溶液となる質量の範囲でこれに限るものではない。
作用電極を覆うイオン選択膜9を用いない場合には、
多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有するマイクロ分析チップであって、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記多孔質基材内或いは多孔質基材表面において、作用電極の表面を覆う層はなく、
前記作用電極部が、検体が分注される分注部である、という構成にすればよい。
さらに、「前記作用電極部が、検体が分注される分注部である」とは、作用電極が多孔質基材表面に露出している場合は、その露出面に検体を分注する構造であることを意味し、作用電極が多孔質基材内部に形成している場合は、作用電極が存在する部分のマイクロ分析チップ表面に検体を分注する構造であることを意味する。
電解質濃度測定システム、電解質濃度測定方法においても、作用電極を覆うイオン選択膜9を用いない場合には、作用電極に向けて検体を分注すればよい。
本実施例では、分注部6はイオン選択膜9の露出面Xである。露出面Xの面積は5mm×10mm(=50mm2)である。
一方、多孔質基材S1の断面内における基材とイオン選択膜との接触面積は、(5mm×多孔質基材の厚み0.1mm×2面)+(10mm×多孔質基材の厚み0.1mm×2面)=3mm2である。つまり、露出面Xの面積は多孔質基材S1の断面内における検体とイオン選択膜の接触面積よりも十分に大きい。
このため、検体を露出面Xに分注することで、広い接触面積でイオン選択膜9と十分接触させることができる。また分注した検体がイオン選択膜9に接する量も十分である。
図3Aに示すように、分注直後の検体の全部がイオン選択膜9の露出面Xに載っていてもよい。
図3A及び図3Bの黒く塗りつぶした部分は分注直後の検体の様子を示しており、分注後に、検体はイオン選択膜9の上で濡れ広がる。
検体の浸透について説明する。分注後、検体に含まれるイオンであってイオン選択膜9によって選択されたイオンが作用電極8に向かって浸透していく。かかる浸透と並行して検体は露出面Xの上で濡れ広がり、イオン選択膜9の周囲に存在する多孔質基材に接し、多孔質基材に浸透し、毛細管現象によって、流路3、流路室1の順で浸透した。
検体が流路室1に浸透する間に、露出面Xに接した検体に含まれるイオンがイオン選択膜9によって選択され、電解質濃度測定に必要な作用電極8の測定電位が安定した。
検体濃度の測定について説明する。
検体が浸透し、参照電極7を覆うKClイオン結晶10に到達すると、KClイオン結晶10が検体に溶け、流路室1内の溶液中のClイオン濃度が飽和する。この時、作用電極8の測定電位が安定していれば、検体の濃度測定は可能となり、所定の測定時間の経過によって検体濃度の測定が終了する。
本実施例では「イオン選択膜によるイオン選択」と「検体の参照電極への浸透」とが並行して進むため、検体が参照電極7に到達した時点で作用電極電位が安定した状態を実現しやすい。
更には、図4Bに示すように、該傾斜構成を流路側に傾ける(流路側の周囲部の高さを、流路とは反対側の周囲部の高さよりも低くする)ことで、検体を流路室2における多孔質基材に浸透させ易い構成となる。
前記のとおり、イオン選択膜の露出面には、中央部とその周囲部とで、高低差を設けることが好ましく、中央部が低くてその周囲部が高くても、逆に中央部が高くてその周囲部が低くてもよい。
実施例1の効果をより詳しく説明するために、比較例1を挙げる。
<流路の構成、分注部の形状>
マイクロ分析チップの流路壁の形状は実施例1と同じとした。参照電極、作用電極、イオン選択膜等の構成も実施例1と同じとした。ただし、分注部は、イオン選択膜の露出面ではなく、流路3中の流路室1からの距離と流路室2からの距離とが等しい中間位置とした。
分注された検体は分注部から、流路室1側方向と、流路室2側方向の両方向に同時に浸透し始め、流路室1と流路室2とに同時に到達した。流路室1に到達した検体は、実施例1と同様に参照電極のKCl結晶を溶かし、飽和濃度のClイオン溶液を形成した。
一方、流路室2に到達した検体は、イオン選択膜9に接したが、主に接触するのは多孔質基材の断面内における多孔質基材とイオン選択膜9との境界位置においてである。このため、多孔質基材の空隙部に対するイオン選択部材の浸透状態や、イオン選択膜を多孔質基材内に配置する形状によっては十分な測定感度やイオン選択性が得られない場合があった。
[比較例1に対する実施例1の優位な点]
比較例1に対する実施例1の優位な点について説明する。
電解質濃度測定方法としてJIS K 0122 イオン電極測定方法通則に規定されている混合溶液法で測定を行った。
測定対象イオンを含む溶液をNaClとし、共存イオン含む溶液としてKClを選択した。
KClの濃度を10mmol/Lに固定したうえで、NaClの濃度を10μmol/L、100μmol/L、1mmol/L、10mmol/L、100mmol/Lの5段階に変化させた。検体分注量は30μL~50μLとした。
感度は対数Naイオン濃度に対する測定電位の傾きが非負で一定となる領域の傾きを表す。イオン選択係数は共存Kイオンに対し、何桁小さい目的イオンが検出できるかを示しており、負方向に大きいほど望ましい。
一方、図5Bに示すように、比較例1では測定電位が立ち上がる領域を定めづらく、イオン選択係数と感度の決定も不安定であった。
実施例1の構成では検体と接触するイオン選択膜9の面積を大きくし、イオン選択膜9と反応する検体の量を増やすことができ、測定感度及びイオン選択性がともに優れ、電解質濃度測定に対して有効であることが示された。また、イオン選択膜9がある流路室2に分注部6を設けることで、流路室1と流路室2とをつなぐ流路3の長さを短くすることができ、デバイス(マイクロ分析チップ)の小型化にもつなげられる。
実施例2におけるマイクロ分析チップP2に関して説明する。
図6は、マイクロ分析チップP2の概略構成を示す上面図である。
図7は、図6に示すマイクロ分析チップP2のA-A断面を簡略的に示した図である。
図6および図7における斜線部は規制部材11を示す。図6および図7に示すように、本実施例のマイクロ分析チップP2は、流路室1のほぼ全て、流路3の全て及び流路室2の分注部6の周囲を、検体が浸透しない規制部材11によって覆われている。規制部材11としては例えばPET(ポリエチレンテレフタラート)によるラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。
しかし、イオン選択膜9と多孔質基材S1との境界部であって、規制部材11の開口部の端部が覆い重なった部分101において、
規制部材11の下面とイオン選択膜9の上面とが接着されると、分注部6(イオン選択膜9の上面)に分注された検体は規制部材11の下面に浸透できず、その結果、分注された検体が多孔質基材S1に浸透できなくなってしまう。
また、図9に示すように、規制部材11の下面とイオン選択膜9の上面との重なり部であって、規制部材11の下面とイオン選択膜9の上面との間にスペーサ71を挿入してもよい。スペーサ71を挿入することによって、挿入したスペーサ71の周囲において、分注された検体がイオン選択膜9の上面から多孔質基材S1へと浸透できるようにすることができる。
実施例3の説明をする。
マイクロ分析チップは複数の検査チップを順に測定する、電解質濃度測定システム(以下、単に「測定システム」とも記載する。)の一部として用いられることがある。
図10に測定システムの一例を概念的に示す。
分析チップP3は測定テーブル31の上に配置される。測定システムはまた分注機(検体供給部)32も備える。分注機32は、検体を収納した検体容器321と、外部からの信号に基づき検体を供給する供給装置322とを含む。検体容器321と供給装置322とは一体化されたピペットであってもよく、また検体容器321に収容した検体を外部から受けた信号に基づいて供給装置322が加圧することによって分析チップP3に定量供給するものでもよい。分注機32は、測定テーブル31に設けた分注機支持アーム81によって支持されている。
本実施例の測定システムによれば、マイクロ分析チップを測定テーブルの所定の位置に迅速に置くことができ、イオン選択膜の露出面に所定量の検体を正確に分注できるため、多くの検体を迅速かつ正確に測定する測定システムとして好適である。
2・・・作用電極8を含む流路室
3・・・流路室1と流路室2をつなぐ流路
5・・・流路壁
6・・・分注部
7・・・参照電極
8・・・作用電極
9・・・イオン選択膜
10・・・Clイオンを含むイオン結晶
11・・・規制部材
31・・・測定台(測定テーブル)
32・・・分注機
33・・・位置決め部
34・・・電圧測定部
S・・・検体
S1・・・多孔質基材
L1・・・多孔質性基材の厚み
X・・・イオン選択膜9の露出面
Claims (11)
- 多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有するマイクロ分析チップであって、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記作用電極は、イオン選択性を有する成分を含むイオン選択膜で覆われており、
前記イオン選択膜の露出面が、検体が分注される分注部であることを特徴とするマイクロ分析チップ。 - 前記分注部において、イオン選択膜の露出面には、中央部とその周囲部で、高低差を設けた請求項1に記載のマイクロ分析チップ。
- 前記分注部の周囲は、検体が浸透しない規制部材によって覆われている請求項1又は2に記載のマイクロ分析チップ。
- 位置決め用のマークを有する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のマイクロ分析チップ。
- マイクロ分析チップと、
前記マイクロ分析チップに検体を分注する検体供給部と、
前記マイクロ分析チップ上で生じる電位差を測定する測定部と、を有する電解質濃度測定システムであって、
前記マイクロ分析チップは、多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有し、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記作用電極は、イオン選択性を有する成分を含むイオン選択膜で覆われており、
前記検体供給部は、前記検体の少なくとも一部が、前記作用電極を覆う前記イオン選択膜の露出面にかかるように前記検体を供給し、
前記測定部は、イオン濃度に応答する前記参照電極と前記作用電極との電位差を測定する、ことを特徴とする電解質濃度測定システム。 - 前記検体供給部と前記イオン選択膜の露出面との相対的な位置を決める位置決め機構を備える請求項5に記載の電解質濃度測定システム。
- マイクロ分析チップを用いる電解質濃度測定方法であって、
前記マイクロ分析チップは、多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有し、
前記流路領域には、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記作用電極は、イオン選択性を有する成分を含むイオン選択膜で覆われており、
検体の少なくとも一部が、前記作用電極を覆う前記イオン選択膜の露出面にかかるように分注され、
分注された前記検体に含まれるイオンであって、前記イオン選択膜によって選択されたイオンが前記作用電極に接触し、
分注された前記検体が前記流路を浸透して前記参照電極に接触し、
イオン濃度に応答する前記参照電極と前記作用電極との電位差を測定することを特徴とする電解質濃度測定方法。 - 前記検体は、前記イオン選択膜と前記第二流路室内の前記多孔質基材との境界部に分注される請求項7に記載の電解質濃度測定方法。
- 多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有するマイクロ分析チップであって、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記多孔質基材内或いは前記多孔質基材表面において、前記作用電極の表面を覆う層はなく、
前記作用電極部が、検体が分注される分注部であることを特徴とするマイクロ分析チップ。 - マイクロ分析チップと、
前記マイクロ分析チップに検体を分注する検体供給部と、
前記マイクロ分析チップ上で生じる電位差を測定する測定部と、を有する電解質濃度測定システムであって、
前記マイクロ分析チップは、多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有し、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記多孔質基材内或いは前記多孔質基材表面において、前記作用電極の表面を覆う層はなく、
前記検体供給部は、前記検体の少なくとも一部が、前記作用電極にかかるように前記検体を供給し、
前記測定部は、イオン濃度に応答する前記参照電極と前記作用電極との電位差を測定する、ことを特徴とする電解質濃度測定システム。 - マイクロ分析チップを用いる電解質濃度測定方法であって、
前記マイクロ分析チップは、多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有し、
前記流路領域には、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室は参照電極を有し、前記第二流路室は作用電極を有し、
前記多孔質基材内或いは前記多孔質基材表面において、前記作用電極の表面を覆う層はなく、
検体の少なくとも一部が、前記作用電極にかかるように分注され、
分注された前記検体に含まれるイオンが前記作用電極に接触し、
分注された前記検体が前記流路を浸透して前記参照電極に接触し、
イオン濃度に応答する前記参照電極と前記作用電極との電位差を測定することを特徴とする電解質濃度測定方法。
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| CN202280065460.5A CN118339448A (zh) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-21 | 微分析芯片、电解质浓度测量系统和电解质浓度测量方法 |
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| WO2023204088A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-23 | 2023-10-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | マイクロ分析チップ |
| WO2023210332A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | マイクロ流路デバイス |
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| JP7679334B2 (ja) * | 2022-04-12 | 2025-05-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | マイクロ分析チップ |
| JP2024162555A (ja) * | 2023-05-10 | 2024-11-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 分析デバイス |
| WO2024257725A1 (ja) * | 2023-06-13 | 2024-12-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | 分析デバイス |
| JP2026005485A (ja) * | 2024-06-27 | 2026-01-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | 分析デバイス、電解質濃度測定方法及び分析装置 |
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| CN118339448A (zh) | 2024-07-12 |
| EP4411361A1 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
| EP4411361A4 (en) | 2025-08-13 |
| JP2023048923A (ja) | 2023-04-07 |
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