WO2023054189A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023054189A1 WO2023054189A1 PCT/JP2022/035462 JP2022035462W WO2023054189A1 WO 2023054189 A1 WO2023054189 A1 WO 2023054189A1 JP 2022035462 W JP2022035462 W JP 2022035462W WO 2023054189 A1 WO2023054189 A1 WO 2023054189A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- pipe
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- valve
- connection portion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/26—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves of fluid flow reversing valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- F25B2400/16—Receivers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/07—Exceeding a certain pressure value in a refrigeration component or cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2525—Pressure relief valves
Definitions
- a receiver for storing refrigerant has been used in a refrigerant circuit provided in a refrigeration cycle device.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-324828
- a high-pressure receiver, an intermediate-pressure receiver, etc. are used in a refrigerant circuit.
- the reliability of the pressure vessel such as the receiver is conventionally ensured by connecting a safety valve.
- the safety valve connected to the refrigerant container may have troubles such as deterioration over time, so the safety may be inspected in a predetermined period such as one year. During this inspection, the safety valve to be inspected is removed from the refrigerant container. Then, the safety valve that has been checked as having no problem is connected to the refrigerant container again.
- the fourth connection is connected to the first connection or the second connection.
- the safety valve is made of stainless steel at least at the fourth connection.
- a potential difference between the first connection portion and the fourth connection portion is 0.35 V or less.
- a potential difference between the second connection portion and the fourth connection portion is 0.35 V or less.
- the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion relative to the first connection portion is 3.0 times or less.
- the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion relative to the second connection portion (allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion/allowable tensile stress of the second connection portion) is 3.0 times or less.
- the potential difference between the first connection portion and the fourth connection portion is preferably 0.3 V or less, and the potential difference between the second connection portion and the fourth connection portion is preferably 0.3 V or less. More preferably, the potential difference with the fourth connecting portion is 0.2 V or less, and the potential difference between the second connecting portion and the fourth connecting portion is 0.2 V or less.
- the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion is preferably 2.5 times or less that of the first connection portion, and the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion is preferably 2.5 times or less that of the second connection portion. More preferably, the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion is 2.0 times or less with respect to the first connection portion, and the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion with respect to the second connection portion is 2.0 times or less.
- the strength of the connection portion of the safety valve is ensured because the fourth connection portion of the safety valve is made of stainless steel. Further, since the potential difference between the first connecting portion and the fourth connecting portion and the potential difference between the second connecting portion and the fourth connecting portion are 0.35 V or less, metal corrosion is suppressed when the safety valve is connected. . Since the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion with respect to the first connection portion and the allowable tensile stress of the fourth connection portion with respect to the second connection portion are 3.0 times or less, Reduces damage caused to
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the flow path switching portion includes a flow path switching valve having a third connection portion and a flow path switching valve having a first connection portion. and a second connection pipe having a second connection portion and connected to the flow path switching valve.
- a safety valve can be connected to the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe.
- a refrigerating cycle device is the refrigerating cycle device according to the first aspect or the second aspect, wherein the first connecting portion is made of copper, a copper alloy, or stainless steel.
- the second connection part is made of copper, copper alloy or stainless steel.
- a refrigeration cycle device is the refrigeration cycle device according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are made of stainless steel.
- stainless steel examples include SUS such as SUS304, SUS316, SUS303, SUS410, and SUS430.
- a refrigeration cycle device is the refrigeration cycle device according to any one of the first aspect to the fourth aspect, wherein the safety valve is a screw-in type safety valve in which the fourth connection portion has a screw thread.
- the first connection portion and the second connection portion of the flow path switching portion have threads corresponding to the fourth connection portion.
- the thread of the safety valve is suppressed from crushing the thread groove of the first connecting portion or the thread groove of the second connecting portion.
- a refrigeration cycle device is the refrigeration cycle device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the refrigerant is a refrigerant containing carbon dioxide refrigerant.
- a refrigeration cycle device is the refrigeration cycle device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the refrigerant container is provided at a location in the refrigerant circuit where the high-pressure refrigerant flows.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle device;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic functional block configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle device;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the operation (refrigerant flow) in the cooling operation of the refrigeration cycle device;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the operation (refrigerant flow) in the heating operation of the refrigeration cycle device;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the operation (refrigerant flow) of the refrigeration cycle device in simultaneous cooling and heating operation (mainly for cooling);
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the operation (refrigerant flow) of the refrigeration cycle device in simultaneous cooling and heating operation (mainly for heating);
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the operation (refrigerant flow) of the refrigeration cycle device in simultaneous cooling and heating operation (mainly for heating);
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a secondary receiver, a flow path switching section, a first safety valve, and a second safety valve; It is an explanatory block diagram of the state where the 1st safety valve was removed.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a secondary receiver, a flow path switching section, a first safety valve, and a second safety valve according to another embodiment A;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a secondary receiver, a flow path switching section, a first safety valve, and a second safety valve according to another embodiment E;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to another embodiment F;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerating cycle device 1 .
- FIG. 2 is a schematic functional block configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle device 1. As shown in FIG.
- the refrigeration cycle device 1 is a device that is used for air conditioning in a building or the like by performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle operation.
- the refrigeration cycle device 1 has a binary refrigerant circuit composed of a vapor compression primary side refrigerant circuit 5a and a vapor compression secondary side refrigerant circuit 10 (corresponding to a refrigerant circuit). conduct.
- R32 or R410A is sealed as a refrigerant in the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a.
- carbon dioxide is enclosed as a refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant circuit 10 .
- the primary refrigerant circuit 5a and the secondary refrigerant circuit 10 are thermally connected via a cascade heat exchanger 35, which will be described later.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is configured by connecting a primary side unit 5, a cascade unit 2, a plurality of branch units 6a, 6b, 6c, and a plurality of utilization units 3a, 3b, 3c to each other via pipes. ing.
- the primary side unit 5 and the cascade unit 2 are connected by a primary side first connecting pipe 111 and a primary side second connecting pipe 112 .
- the cascade unit 2 and the plurality of branch units 6a, 6b, and 6c are connected by three refrigerant communication pipes, a secondary side second communication pipe 9, a secondary side first communication pipe 8, and a secondary side third communication pipe 7.
- the plurality of branch units 6a, 6b, 6c and the plurality of utilization units 3a, 3b, 3c are connected by first connecting pipes 15a, 15b, 15c and second connecting pipes 16a, 16b, 16c.
- the plurality of usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c are a first usage unit 3a, a second usage unit 3b, and a third usage unit 3c.
- the plurality of branching units 6a, 6b, and 6c in this embodiment are a first branching unit 6a, a second branching unit 6b, and a third branching unit 6c.
- each of the usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c can individually perform cooling operation or heating operation, and the refrigerant is supplied from the usage unit performing the heating operation to the usage unit performing the cooling operation. It is configured to enable heat recovery between the utilization units by sending the heat. Specifically, in the present embodiment, heat is recovered by performing cooling-dominant operation and heating-dominant operation in which cooling operation and heating operation are performed simultaneously. Further, in the refrigeration cycle device 1, the heat load of the cascade unit 2 is balanced according to the heat load of the plurality of utilization units 3a, 3b, and 3c in consideration of the above heat recovery (cooling-dominated operation or heating-dominated operation). is configured as
- the primary-side refrigerant circuit 5a includes a primary-side compressor 71, a primary-side switching mechanism 72, a primary-side heat exchanger 74, a primary-side first expansion valve 76, and primary-side subcooling heat.
- the primary refrigerant circuit 5 a has a primary flow path 35 b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 .
- the primary side compressor 71 is a device for compressing the refrigerant on the primary side. Become.
- the primary side accumulator 105 is provided in the middle of the suction flow path that connects the primary side switching mechanism 72 and the suction side of the primary side compressor 71 .
- the primary side switching mechanism 72 is a device capable of switching the flow path of the refrigerant in the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a, and is composed of, for example, a four-way switching valve. By changing the switching state of the primary side switching mechanism 72, the cascade heat exchanger 35 can be made to function as an evaporator or radiator of the primary side refrigerant.
- the gas side of the primary side flow path 35 b passes through the first refrigerant pipe 113 , the second gas shutoff valve 107 , the primary side second connecting pipe 112 , the first gas shutoff valve 109 , and the primary side switching mechanism 72 . 71 , and the liquid side thereof is connected to a second refrigerant pipe 114 provided with a primary side second expansion valve 102 .
- the primary side heat exchanger 74 is a device for exchanging heat between the refrigerant on the primary side and the outdoor air.
- a gas side of the primary side heat exchanger 74 is connected to a pipe extending from the primary side switching mechanism 72 .
- the primary side heat exchanger 74 is, for example, a fin-and-tube heat exchanger composed of a large number of heat transfer tubes and fins.
- the primary side first expansion valve 76 is provided in a liquid pipe extending from the liquid side of the primary side heat exchanger 74 to the primary side subcooling heat exchanger 103 .
- the primary-side first expansion valve 76 is an electrically-operated expansion valve capable of adjusting the degree of opening for adjusting the flow rate of the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the liquid-side portion of the primary-side refrigerant circuit 5a.
- the primary-side supercooling circuit 104 branches from between the primary-side first expansion valve 76 and the primary-side supercooling heat exchanger 103, and connects between the primary-side switching mechanism 72 and the primary-side accumulator 105 in the suction flow path. connected to the part.
- the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a is provided upstream of the primary side supercooling heat exchanger 103 in the primary side supercooling circuit 104, and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant on the primary side. is an electric expansion valve capable of
- the primary side supercooling heat exchanger 103 includes refrigerant flowing from the primary side first expansion valve 76 toward the first liquid closing valve 108, and refrigerant decompressed in the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a in the primary side supercooling circuit 104. and a heat exchanger for heat exchange.
- the primary side second communication pipe 112 is a pipe that connects the first gas shutoff valve 109 and the second gas shutoff valve 107 and connects the primary side unit 5 and the cascade unit 2 .
- the second refrigerant pipe 114 is a pipe extending from the liquid side of the primary flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 to the second liquid closing valve 106.
- the primary side second expansion valve 102 is provided in the second refrigerant pipe 114 .
- the primary-side second expansion valve 102 is an electric expansion valve whose degree of opening can be adjusted, for example, adjusting the flow rate of the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the primary-side flow path 35 b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 .
- the first refrigerant pipe 113 is a pipe extending from the gas side of the primary flow path 35 b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 to the second gas shutoff valve 107 .
- the first gas shutoff valve 109 is provided between the primary side second connecting pipe 112 and the primary side switching mechanism 72 .
- Each of the branch units 6a, 6b, and 6c includes a cascade unit 2 and three connecting pipes, that is, a secondary-side third connecting pipe 7, a secondary-side first connecting pipe 8, and a secondary-side second connecting pipe 9. connected through Specifically, the secondary-side third connecting pipe 7, the secondary-side first connecting pipe 8, and the secondary-side second connecting pipe 9 extending from the cascade unit 2 are each branched into a plurality of branches. It is connected to units 6a, 6b and 6c.
- either a refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state or a refrigerant in a gaseous state flows depending on the operating state.
- a supercritical refrigerant flows through the secondary-side first communication pipe 8 according to the operating state.
- a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant or a gaseous refrigerant flows through the secondary-side second communication pipe 9 according to the operating state.
- Either a refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state or a refrigerant in a liquid state flows through the secondary-side third communication pipe 7 according to the operating state.
- a supercritical refrigerant flows through the secondary-side third communication pipe 7 according to the operating state.
- the cascade circuit 12 mainly includes a secondary side compressor 21, a secondary side switching mechanism 22, a first pipe 28, a second pipe 29, a suction flow path 23, a discharge flow path 24, and a third pipe. 25, a fourth pipe 26, a fifth pipe 27, a cascade heat exchanger 35, a cascade expansion valve 36, a third closing valve 31, a first closing valve 32, a second closing valve 33, two A secondary side accumulator 30, an oil separator 34, an oil return circuit 40, a secondary side receiver 45 (corresponding to a refrigerant container), a flow path switching portion 96, a first safety valve 91, a second safety valve 92, It has a bypass circuit 46, a bypass expansion valve 46a, a secondary supercooling heat exchanger 47, a secondary supercooling circuit 48, and a secondary supercooling expansion valve 48a.
- the cascade circuit 12 of the secondary refrigerant circuit 10 specifically has a secondary flow path 35 a of the cascade heat exchanger 35 .
- first safety valve 91 and the second safety valve 92 are connected to the secondary side receiver 45 via the flow path switching portion 96, the details of which will be described later.
- the secondary-side compressor 21 is a device for compressing the refrigerant on the secondary side, and is, for example, a positive displacement compressor such as a scroll type whose operating capacity can be varied by inverter-controlling the compressor motor 21a. consists of machines. Note that the secondary compressor 21 is controlled according to the load during operation so that the larger the load, the larger the operating capacity.
- the secondary side switching mechanism 22 is a mechanism capable of switching the connection state of the secondary side refrigerant circuit 10 , particularly the flow path of refrigerant in the cascade circuit 12 .
- the secondary side switching mechanism 22 has a discharge side communication portion 22x, a suction side communication portion 22y, a first switching valve 22a, and a second switching valve 22b.
- An end portion of the discharge passage 24 on the side opposite to the secondary side compressor 21 side is connected to the discharge side communication portion 22x.
- An end portion of the suction flow path 23 on the side opposite to the secondary side compressor 21 side is connected to the suction side communication portion 22y.
- the first switching valve 22 a and the second switching valve 22 b are provided in parallel with each other between the discharge flow path 24 and the suction flow path 23 of the secondary compressor 21 .
- One end of the discharge-side communication portion 22x and one end of the suction-side communication portion 22y are connected to the first switching valve 22a.
- the second switching valve 22b is connected to the other end of the discharge side communication portion 22x and the other end of the suction side communication portion 22y.
- both the first switching valve 22a and the second switching valve 22b are four-way switching valves.
- the first switching valve 22a and the second switching valve 22b each have four connection ports: a first connection port, a second connection port, a third connection port, and a fourth connection port.
- the first switching valve 22a is in a switching state in which the first connection port and the second connection port are connected, the third connection port and the fourth connection port are connected, and the third connection port and the second connection port are connected, Switching between a switching state in which the first connection port and the fourth connection port are connected.
- the second switching valve 22b has a first connection port connected to the other end of the discharge side communication portion 22x, a second connection port connected to the first pipe 28, and a third connection port connected to the suction side communication portion 22y. connected to the end.
- the second switching valve 22b is in a switching state in which the first connection port and the second connection port are connected, the third connection port and the fourth connection port are connected, and the third connection port and the second connection port are connected, Switching between a switching state in which the first connection port and the fourth connection port are connected.
- the second connection state of the secondary-side switching mechanism 22 is a connection state adopted during heating operation and heating-main operation, which will be described later.
- the secondary side switching mechanism 22 causes the cascade heat exchanger 35 to function as a radiator for the secondary side refrigerant, while switching the secondary side refrigerant discharged from the secondary side compressor 21 to the secondary side first
- the first switching valve 22a connects the discharge passage 24 and the third pipe 25, and the second switching valve 22b connects the discharge passage 24 and the first pipe 28. 3 Switched to connected state.
- the third connection state of the secondary-side switching mechanism 22 is a connection state employed during cooling-main operation, which will be described later.
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 allows heat exchange between the primary-side refrigerant, such as R32, and the secondary-side refrigerant, such as carbon dioxide, without mixing with each other. It is a device for Note that the cascade heat exchanger 35 includes a secondary-side flow path 35a through which the secondary-side refrigerant of the secondary-side refrigerant circuit 10 flows, a primary-side flow path 35b through which the primary-side refrigerant flows of the primary-side refrigerant circuit 5a, is shared by the primary side unit 5 and the cascade unit 2 by having . In this embodiment, the cascade heat exchanger 35 is arranged inside a cascade casing (not shown) of the cascade unit 2 .
- the gas side of the primary side passage 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 extends through the first refrigerant pipe 113 and the second gas shutoff valve 107 to the primary side second communication pipe 112 outside the cascade casing.
- the liquid side of the primary-side flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 passes through the second refrigerant pipe 114 provided with the primary-side second expansion valve 102 and the second liquid closing valve 106, and flows through the primary-side first refrigerant outside the cascade casing. It extends to the connecting pipe 111 .
- the cascade expansion valve 36 is an expansion valve for adjusting the flow rate of secondary-side refrigerant flowing through the cascade heat exchanger 35 .
- the cascade expansion valve 36 is an electrically-operated expansion valve connected to the liquid side of the cascade heat exchanger 35 and whose degree of opening can be adjusted.
- a cascade expansion valve 36 is provided in the fourth pipe 26 .
- the third shut-off valve 31, the first shut-off valve 32 and the second shut-off valve 33 are valves provided at connection ports with external equipment/piping (specifically, connecting pipes 7, 8 and 9). Specifically, the third shutoff valve 31 is connected to the secondary side third communication pipe 7 drawn out from the cascade unit 2 .
- the first closing valve 32 is connected to the secondary-side first communication pipe 8 drawn from the cascade unit 2 .
- the second closing valve 33 is connected to the secondary side second communication pipe 9 drawn from the cascade unit 2 .
- the first pipe 28 is a refrigerant pipe that connects the first shutoff valve 32 and the secondary side switching mechanism 22 . Specifically, the first pipe 28 connects the first closing valve 32 and the second connection port of the second switching valve 22 b of the secondary side switching mechanism 22 .
- the suction flow path 23 is a flow path that connects the secondary side switching mechanism 22 and the suction side of the secondary side compressor 21 . Specifically, the suction flow path 23 connects the suction side communication portion 22y of the secondary side switching mechanism 22 and the suction side of the secondary side compressor 21 .
- a secondary-side accumulator 30 is provided in the middle of the suction flow path 23 .
- the second pipe 29 is a refrigerant pipe that connects the second shutoff valve 33 and the middle of the suction flow path 23 .
- the second pipe 29 is provided at a connecting portion between the suction side communication portion 22y of the secondary side switching mechanism 22 and the secondary side accumulator 30 in the suction flow path 23. , are connected to the intake channel 23 .
- the discharge flow path 24 is a refrigerant pipe that connects the discharge side of the secondary side compressor 21 and the secondary side switching mechanism 22 . Specifically, the discharge flow path 24 connects the discharge side of the secondary side compressor 21 and the discharge side communication portion 22 x of the secondary side switching mechanism 22 .
- the third pipe 25 is a refrigerant pipe that connects the secondary side switching mechanism 22 and the gas side of the cascade heat exchanger 35 . Specifically, the third pipe 25 connects the second connection port of the first switching valve 22 a of the secondary switching mechanism 22 and the gas side end of the secondary flow path 35 a in the cascade heat exchanger 35 . are connected.
- the fourth pipe 26 connects the liquid side of the cascade heat exchanger 35 (the side opposite to the gas side, the side opposite to the side where the secondary side switching mechanism 22 is provided) and the secondary side receiver 45. Refrigerant piping. Specifically, the fourth pipe 26 connects the liquid-side end (the end opposite to the gas side) of the secondary-side flow path 35 a in the cascade heat exchanger 35 and the secondary-side receiver 45 . ing.
- the secondary side receiver 45 is a refrigerant container that stores surplus refrigerant in the secondary side refrigerant circuit 10 .
- a fourth pipe 26 , a fifth pipe 27 , and a bypass circuit 46 extend from the secondary receiver 45 .
- the bypass circuit 46 is a refrigerant pipe that connects the vapor phase region, which is the upper region inside the secondary receiver 45 , and the suction flow path 23 . Specifically, the bypass circuit 46 is connected between the secondary side switching mechanism 22 and the secondary side accumulator 30 in the suction flow path 23 .
- the bypass circuit 46 is provided with a bypass expansion valve 46a.
- the bypass expansion valve 46a is an electric expansion valve that can adjust the amount of refrigerant introduced from the secondary receiver 45 to the suction side of the secondary compressor 21 by adjusting the degree of opening.
- the fifth pipe 27 is a refrigerant pipe that connects the secondary receiver 45 and the third shutoff valve 31 .
- the secondary supercooling circuit 48 is a refrigerant pipe that connects a portion of the fifth pipe 27 and the suction flow path 23 . Specifically, the secondary supercooling circuit 48 is connected between the secondary switching mechanism 22 and the secondary accumulator 30 in the suction flow path 23 . In this embodiment, the secondary supercooling circuit 48 extends to branch from between the secondary receiver 45 and the secondary supercooling heat exchanger 47 .
- the secondary-side subcooling heat exchanger 47 is a heat exchanger that causes heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the flow path belonging to the fifth pipe 27 and the refrigerant flowing through the flow path belonging to the secondary-side subcooling circuit 48. be.
- the fifth pipe 27 is provided between the location where the secondary supercooling circuit 48 branches and the third stop valve 31 .
- the secondary side supercooling expansion valve 48 a is provided between the secondary side supercooling heat exchanger 47 and the branch point from the fifth pipe 27 in the secondary side supercooling circuit 48 .
- the secondary side supercooling expansion valve 48a supplies depressurized refrigerant to the secondary side supercooling heat exchanger 47, and is an electric expansion valve whose opening degree can be adjusted.
- the secondary-side accumulator 30 is a container capable of accumulating secondary-side refrigerant, and is provided on the suction side of the secondary-side compressor 21 .
- the oil separator 34 is provided in the middle of the discharge flow path 24 .
- the oil separator 34 is a device that separates the refrigerating machine oil discharged from the secondary side compressor 21 along with the secondary side refrigerant from the secondary side refrigerant and returns it to the secondary side compressor 21. .
- the oil return circuit 40 is provided to connect the oil separator 34 and the suction flow path 23 .
- the oil return circuit 40 extends so that the flow path extending from the oil separator 34 merges with the portion of the suction flow path 23 between the secondary side accumulator 30 and the suction side of the secondary side compressor 21 . It has an oil return channel 41 .
- An oil return capillary tube 42 and an oil return opening/closing valve 44 are provided in the middle of the oil return flow path 41 . By controlling the oil return opening/closing valve 44 to be open, the refrigerating machine oil separated in the oil separator 34 passes through the oil return capillary tube 42 of the oil return flow path 41 and flows into the secondary compressor 21. returned to the intake side.
- the utilization circuits 13a, 13b, and 13c will be described below. Since the utilization circuits 13b and 13c have the same configuration as the utilization circuit 13a, the utilization circuits 13b and 13c are denoted by the suffix " The description of each part is omitted assuming that the suffix "b" or "c" is attached instead of "a".
- the utilization circuit 13a mainly has a utilization side heat exchanger 52a, a first utilization pipe 57a, a second utilization pipe 56a, and a utilization side expansion valve 51a.
- the user-side heat exchanger 52a is a device for heat exchange between refrigerant and indoor air, and is, for example, a fin-and-tube heat exchanger composed of a large number of heat transfer tubes and fins.
- the plurality of use-side heat exchangers 52 a , 52 b , 52 c are connected in parallel to the secondary-side switching mechanism 22 , the suction flow path 23 and the cascade heat exchanger 35 .
- One end of the second usage pipe 56a is connected to the liquid side (the side opposite to the gas side) of the usage side heat exchanger 52a of the first usage unit 3a.
- the other end of the second utilization pipe 56a is connected to the second connection pipe 16a.
- the above-described utilization side expansion valve 51a is provided in the middle of the second utilization pipe 56a.
- the user-side expansion valve 51a is an electrically-operated expansion valve capable of adjusting the degree of opening for adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the user-side heat exchanger 52a.
- the utilization side expansion valve 51a is provided in the second utilization pipe 56a.
- One end of the first usage pipe 57a is connected to the gas side of the usage side heat exchanger 52a of the first usage unit 3a.
- the first utilization pipe 57a is connected to the side of the utilization side heat exchanger 52a opposite to the utilization side expansion valve 51a side.
- the other end of the first utilization pipe 57a is connected to the first connection pipe 15a.
- branch circuits 14a, 14b, and 14c will be described below. Since the branch circuits 14b and 14c have the same configuration as the branch circuit 14a, the subscripts " The description of each part is omitted assuming that the suffix "b" or "c" is attached instead of "a".
- the branch circuit 14a mainly includes a confluence pipe 62a, a first branch pipe 63a, a second branch pipe 64a, a first control valve 66a, a second control valve 67a, a bypass pipe 69a, and a check valve 68a. , and a third branch pipe 61a.
- One end of the confluence pipe 62a is connected to the first connection pipe 15a.
- a first branch pipe 63a and a second branch pipe 64a are branched and connected to the other end of the confluence pipe 62a.
- the first branch pipe 63a is connected to the secondary side first communication pipe 8 on the side opposite to the confluence pipe 62 side.
- the first branch pipe 63a is provided with a first control valve 66a that can be opened and closed.
- the second branch pipe 64a is connected to the secondary side second communication pipe 9 on the side opposite to the confluence pipe 62 side.
- the second branch pipe 64a is provided with a second control valve 67a that can be opened and closed.
- the bypass pipe 69a includes a portion of the first branch pipe 63a that is closer to the secondary side first communication pipe 8 than the first control valve 66a, and a portion of the second branch pipe 64a that is more secondary than the second control valve 67a. It is a refrigerant pipe that connects the part on the side of the side second communication pipe 9 and the part on the side of the second communication pipe 9 .
- a check valve 68a is provided in the middle of the bypass pipe 69a. The check valve 68a allows only refrigerant flow from the second branch pipe 64a side to the first branch pipe 63a side, and does not allow refrigerant flow from the first branch pipe 63a side to the second branch pipe 64a side.
- One end of the third branch pipe 61a is connected to the second connecting pipe 16a.
- the third branch pipe 61a is connected to the secondary side third communication pipe 7 at the other end.
- the first branch unit 6a When the first branch unit 6a performs cooling operation, which will be described later, the first control valve 66a is closed and the second control valve 67a is opened, thereby functioning as follows. can.
- the first branch unit 6a sends the refrigerant flowing into the third branch pipe 61a through the secondary side third communication pipe 7 to the second connection pipe 16a.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second usage pipe 56a of the first usage unit 3a through the second connecting pipe 16a is sent to the usage side heat exchanger 52a of the first usage unit 3a through the usage side expansion valve 51a.
- the refrigerant sent to the usage-side heat exchanger 52a evaporates by heat exchange with the room air, and then flows through the first connection pipe 15a via the first usage pipe 57a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the first connection pipe 15a is sent to the junction pipe 62a of the first branch unit 6a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the combined pipe 62a does not flow toward the first branch pipe 63a, but flows toward the second branch pipe 64a.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second branch pipe 64a passes through the second control valve 67a.
- a portion of the refrigerant that has passed through the second control valve 67 a is sent to the secondary side second communication pipe 9 .
- the remaining part of the refrigerant that has passed through the second control valve 67a flows so as to branch to a bypass pipe 69a provided with a check valve 68a, and after passing through a part of the first branch pipe 63a, It is sent to the secondary side first communication pipe 8 .
- the total cross-sectional area of the flow path when the gaseous refrigerant on the secondary side evaporated in the use-side heat exchanger 52a is sent to the secondary-side compressor 21 can be increased, thereby reducing the pressure loss. be able to.
- the first branch unit 6a closes the first control valve 66a when cooling the room in the first usage unit 3a during cooling-main operation and heating-main operation, which will be described later.
- the second control valve 67a By opening the second control valve 67a, the following functions can be achieved.
- the first branch unit 6a sends the refrigerant flowing into the third branch pipe 61a through the secondary side third communication pipe 7 to the second connection pipe 16a.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second usage pipe 56a of the first usage unit 3a through the second connecting pipe 16a is sent to the usage side heat exchanger 52a of the first usage unit 3a through the usage side expansion valve 51a.
- the refrigerant sent to the usage-side heat exchanger 52a evaporates by heat exchange with the room air, and then flows through the first connection pipe 15a via the first usage pipe 57a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the first connection pipe 15a is sent to the junction pipe 62a of the first branch unit 6a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the joint pipe 62a flows into the second branch pipe 64a, passes through the second control valve 67a, and is sent to the secondary side second communication pipe 9. As shown in FIG.
- the first branch unit 6a functions as follows by closing the second control valve 67a and opening the first control valve 66a when performing a heating operation, which will be described later. be able to.
- the refrigerant flowing into the first branch pipe 63a through the secondary side first communication pipe 8 passes through the first control valve 66a and is sent to the junction pipe 62a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the confluence pipe 62a flows through the first use pipe 57a of the use unit 3a via the first connection pipe 15a, and is sent to the use side heat exchanger 52a.
- the refrigerant sent to the user-side heat exchanger 52a passes through the user-side expansion valve 51a provided in the second user pipe 56a after radiating heat through heat exchange with the indoor air.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the second utilization pipe 56a flows through the third branch pipe 61a of the first branch unit 6a via the second connection pipe 16a, and then is sent to the secondary side third communication pipe 7.
- the first branch unit 6a closes the second control valve 67a when the room is heated in the first usage unit 3a during cooling-main operation and heating-main operation, which will be described later. Further, by opening the first control valve 66a, the following functions can be achieved.
- the refrigerant flowing into the first branch pipe 63a through the secondary side first communication pipe 8 passes through the first control valve 66a and is sent to the junction pipe 62a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the confluence pipe 62a flows through the first use pipe 57a of the use unit 3a via the first connection pipe 15a, and is sent to the use side heat exchanger 52a.
- the refrigerant sent to the user-side heat exchanger 52a passes through the user-side expansion valve 51a provided in the second user pipe 56a after radiating heat through heat exchange with the indoor air.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the second utilization pipe 56a flows through the third branch pipe 61a of the first branch unit 6a via the second connection pipe 16a, and then is sent to the secondary side third communication pipe 7.
- first branch unit 6a not only the first branching unit 6a, but also the second branching unit 6b and the third branching unit 6c have such a function. Therefore, the first branch unit 6a, the second branch unit 6b, and the third branch unit 6c function as refrigerant evaporators, or , to function as a heat radiator for the refrigerant, or to be individually switched.
- the primary side unit 5 is installed in a space different from the space in which the usage units 3a, 3b, 3c and the branching units 6a, 6b, 6c are arranged, or in a rooftop.
- the primary side unit 5 has a portion of the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a described above, the primary side fan 75, various sensors, the primary side control section 70, and a primary side casing (not shown).
- the primary side unit 5 includes, as a part of the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a, a primary side compressor 71, a primary side switching mechanism 72, a primary side heat exchanger 74, a primary side first expansion valve 76, and a primary side filter.
- the cooling heat exchanger 103, the primary side supercooling circuit 104, the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a, the first liquid closing valve 108, the first gas closing valve 109, and the primary side accumulator 105 are connected to the primary side casing. have inside.
- the primary-side fan 75 is provided in the primary-side unit 5, and guides outdoor air to the primary-side heat exchanger 74 to exchange heat with the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the primary-side heat exchanger 74. to create an air flow that The primary fan 75 is driven by a primary fan motor 75a.
- the primary unit 5 is provided with various sensors. Specifically, an outside air temperature sensor 77 that detects the temperature of the outdoor air before passing through the primary side heat exchanger 74 and a primary side discharge sensor that detects the pressure of the refrigerant on the primary side discharged from the primary side compressor 71 A pressure sensor 78, a primary side suction pressure sensor 79 that detects the pressure of the primary side refrigerant sucked into the primary side compressor 71, and a primary side that detects the temperature of the primary side refrigerant sucked into the primary side compressor 71. A side intake temperature sensor 81 and a primary side heat exchanger temperature sensor 82 that detects the temperature of refrigerant flowing through the primary side heat exchanger 74 are provided.
- the primary side control section 70 controls the operation of each section 71 (71a), 72, 75 (75a), 76, and 104a provided in the primary side unit 5.
- the primary-side control unit 70 has a processor such as a CPU or a microcomputer provided for controlling the primary-side unit 5 and a memory. , and can exchange control signals and the like with the cascade-side controller 20 of the cascade unit 2, the branch unit controllers 60a, 60b, and 60c, and the user-side controllers 50a, 50b, and 50c. It's like
- the cascade unit 2 is installed in a space different from the space where the usage units 3a, 3b, 3c and the branch units 6a, 6b, 6c are arranged, or in a rooftop.
- the cascade unit 2 is connected to the branch units 6a, 6b, 6c via connecting pipes 7, 8, 9, and constitutes part of the secondary refrigerant circuit 10.
- the cascade unit 2 is connected to the primary unit 5 via a primary side first communication pipe 111 and a primary side second communication pipe 112, and constitutes a part of the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a.
- the cascade unit 2 mainly includes the above-described cascade circuit 12, various sensors, a cascade-side control unit 20, a second liquid closing valve 106 that constitutes a part of the primary-side refrigerant circuit 5a, a second refrigerant pipe 114, a primary It has a side second expansion valve 102, a first refrigerant pipe 113, a second gas shutoff valve 107, and a cascade casing (not shown).
- the cascade unit 2 includes a secondary side suction pressure sensor 37 for detecting the pressure of the secondary side refrigerant on the suction side of the secondary side compressor 21, and a secondary side refrigerant pressure sensor 37 on the discharge side of the secondary side compressor 21.
- a secondary side discharge pressure sensor 38 that detects the pressure of the secondary side compressor 21
- a secondary side discharge temperature sensor 39 that detects the temperature of the secondary side refrigerant on the discharge side of the secondary side compressor 21
- a secondary side intake temperature sensor 88 that detects the temperature of the secondary side refrigerant on the suction side, and the secondary side refrigerant flowing between the secondary side passage 35a of the cascade heat exchanger 35 and the cascade expansion valve 36.
- a secondary side cascade temperature sensor 83 that detects temperature
- a receiver outlet temperature sensor 84 that detects the temperature of the secondary side refrigerant flowing between the secondary side receiver 45 and the secondary side subcooling heat exchanger 47
- Flowing between the bypass circuit temperature sensor 85 that detects the temperature of the secondary side refrigerant flowing downstream of the bypass expansion valve 46a in the bypass circuit 46, the secondary side subcooling heat exchanger 47, and the third closing valve 31
- a supercooling outlet temperature sensor 86 that detects the temperature of the secondary side refrigerant, and a supercooling outlet temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the secondary side refrigerant flowing through the outlet of the secondary side supercooling heat exchanger 47 in the secondary side supercooling circuit 48
- a cooling circuit temperature sensor 87 is provided.
- the cascade-side control section 20 controls the operations of the sections 21 (21a), 22, 36, 44, 46a, 48a, and 102 provided inside the cascade casing of the cascade unit 2.
- the cascade-side control section 20 has a processor such as a CPU or a microcomputer provided for controlling the cascade unit 2, and a memory. , 3c, and the branching unit controllers 60a, 60b, and 60c can exchange control signals and the like.
- the cascade-side control unit 20 controls not only the components that constitute the cascade circuit 12 of the secondary-side refrigerant circuit 10, but also the primary-side second expansion valve 102 that constitutes a part of the primary-side refrigerant circuit 5a. can be controlled. Therefore, the cascade-side control unit 20 controls the opening degree of the primary-side second expansion valve 102 based on the state of the cascade circuit 12 controlled by itself, thereby adjusting the state of the cascade circuit 12 to the desired state.
- the amount of heat received by the secondary-side refrigerant flowing through the secondary-side passage 35a of the cascade heat exchanger 35 in the cascade circuit 12 from the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the primary-side passage 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 Alternatively, it becomes possible to control the amount of heat given to the primary-side refrigerant.
- the usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c are installed in the ceiling of a room such as a building, suspended, or the like, or installed on the wall surface of the room, for example, by wall hanging.
- the usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c are connected to the cascade unit 2 via connecting pipes 7, 8, and 9.
- the usage units 3 a , 3 b , 3 c have usage circuits 13 a , 13 b , 13 c that constitute a part of the secondary side refrigerant circuit 10 .
- the configuration of the usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c will be described below. Since the second usage unit 3b and the third usage unit 3c have the same configuration as that of the first usage unit 3a, only the configuration of the first usage unit 3a will be described here. As for the configuration of the usage unit 3c, the suffix "b" or “c” is added instead of the suffix "a" to each part of the first usage unit 3a, and the description of each part is omitted.
- the first usage unit 3a mainly includes the above-described usage circuit 13a, the indoor fan 53a, the usage-side control section 50a, and various sensors.
- the indoor fan 53a has an indoor fan motor 54a.
- the indoor fan 53a sucks indoor air into the unit, exchanges heat with the refrigerant flowing through the user-side heat exchanger 52a, and then generates an air flow that is supplied indoors as supply air.
- the indoor fan 53a is driven by an indoor fan motor 54a.
- the usage unit 3a is provided with a liquid-side temperature sensor 58a that detects the temperature of the refrigerant on the liquid side of the usage-side heat exchanger 52a.
- the utilization unit 3a is also provided with an indoor temperature sensor 55a for detecting the indoor temperature, which is the temperature of the air taken from the room and before passing through the utilization side heat exchanger 52a.
- the user-side control unit 50a controls the operation of each unit 51a, 53a (54a) that constitutes the user unit 3a.
- the user-side control section 50a has a processor such as a CPU or a microcomputer provided for controlling the user unit 3a and a memory, and exchanges control signals and the like with a remote controller (not shown). Also, control signals and the like can be exchanged with the cascade-side controller 20 of the cascade unit 2, the branch unit controllers 60a, 60b, and 60c, and the primary-side controller 70 of the primary-side unit 5. It's like
- the second usage unit 3b has a usage circuit 13b, an indoor fan 53b, a usage-side controller 50b, and an indoor fan motor 54b.
- the third usage unit 3c has a usage circuit 13c, an indoor fan 53c, a usage-side controller 50c, and an indoor fan motor 54c.
- Branching Units The branching units 6a, 6b, and 6c are installed in a space behind the ceiling of a room such as a building.
- the branch units 6a, 6b, 6c are connected to the usage units 3a, 3b, 3c in one-to-one correspondence.
- the branch units 6 a , 6 b , 6 c are connected to the cascade unit 2 via connecting pipes 7 , 8 , 9 .
- the configuration of the branch units 6a, 6b, and 6c will be described. Since the second branching unit 6b and the third branching unit 6c have the same configuration as the first branching unit 6a, only the configuration of the first branching unit 6a will be described here. Regarding the structure of the branching unit 6c, the suffix "b" or “c” is added instead of the suffix "a" to each part of the first branching unit 6a, and the description of each part is omitted.
- the branching unit control section 60a controls the operations of the respective sections 66a and 67a that constitute the branching unit 6a.
- the branching unit control section 60a has a processor such as a CPU or a microcomputer provided for controlling the branching unit 6a, and a memory. and to exchange control signals and the like with the cascade-side controller 20 of the cascade unit 2, the usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c, and the primary-side controller 70 of the primary-side unit 5. It's becoming
- the second branching unit 6b has a branching circuit 14b and a branching unit control section 60b.
- the third branching unit 6c has a branching circuit 14c and a branching unit control section 60c.
- the refrigeration cycle operation of the refrigeration cycle device 1 can be mainly divided into cooling operation, heating operation, cooling-main operation, and heating-main operation.
- the cooling operation there are only utilization units that operate in which the utilization-side heat exchangers function as refrigerant evaporators, and the cascade heat exchanger 35 is used as the secondary-side refrigerant for the evaporation load of the entire utilization unit. It is a refrigeration cycle operation that functions as a heat radiator.
- Heating-dominant operation is an operation in which the user-side heat exchanger functions as a refrigerant evaporator and the user-side heat exchanger functions as a refrigerant radiator. be.
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 functions as an evaporator of the refrigerant on the secondary side in order to process the heat radiation load of the entire usage unit. It is a refrigeration cycle operation that allows
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 functions as an evaporator of the primary side refrigerant by switching the primary side switching mechanism 72 to the fifth connection state.
- the fifth connection state of the primary side switching mechanism 72 is the connection state indicated by solid lines in the primary side switching mechanism 72 in FIG.
- the refrigerant flowing from the primary side first expansion valve 76 toward the first liquid closing valve 108 is decompressed by the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a and flows through the primary side supercooling circuit 104. It exchanges heat with the refrigerant and is cooled to a supercooled state.
- the supercooled refrigerant flows through the primary-side first communication pipe 111, the second liquid closing valve 106, and the second refrigerant pipe 114 in this order. be.
- the degree of valve opening of the primary side second expansion valve 102 is controlled so that the degree of superheat of the primary side refrigerant sucked into the primary side compressor 71 satisfies a predetermined condition.
- the primary-side refrigerant depressurized by the primary-side second expansion valve 102 exchanges heat with the secondary-side refrigerant flowing through the secondary-side flow path 35a when flowing through the primary-side flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35.
- the refrigerant evaporates and flows toward the second gas shutoff valve 107 through the first refrigerant pipe 113 .
- the refrigerant that has passed through the second gas shutoff valve 107 reaches the primary side switching mechanism 72 after passing through the primary side second communication pipe 112 and the first gas shutoff valve 109 .
- the refrigerant that has passed through the primary side switching mechanism 72 joins with the refrigerant that has flowed through the primary side supercooling circuit 104 , and is sucked into the primary side compressor 71 via the primary side accumulator 105 .
- All of the usage side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c of the usage units 3a, 3b, 3c and the suction side of the secondary side compressor 21 of the cascade unit 2 are connected to the first usage pipes 57a, 57b, 57c, the second 1 connecting pipes 15a, 15b, 15c, confluence pipes 62a, 62b, 62c, second branch pipes 64a, 64b, 64c, bypass pipes 69a, 69b, 69c, part of first branch pipes 63a, 63b, 63c, secondary They are in a state of being connected via a side first communication pipe 8 and a secondary side second communication pipe 9 .
- the degree of supercooling of the secondary side refrigerant flowing from the outlet of the secondary side supercooling heat exchanger 47 toward the secondary side third connecting pipe 7 satisfies a predetermined condition.
- the opening is controlled as follows.
- the bypass expansion valve 46a is controlled to be closed.
- the opening degrees of the usage-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, and 51c are adjusted.
- the secondary side refrigerant in the utilization side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c is controlled so that the evaporation temperature of the secondary side refrigerant reaches a predetermined secondary side evaporation target temperature.
- Capacity control is performed by controlling the frequency of the side compressor 21 .
- the opening of the cascade expansion valve 36 is adjusted so that the pressure of the secondary side refrigerant flowing through the cascade heat exchanger 35 is below the critical pressure.
- the frequency of the primary-side compressor 71 is adjusted so that the evaporation temperature of the primary-side refrigerant in the primary-side flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 reaches a predetermined primary-side evaporation target temperature.
- Ability control is performed by being controlled. As described above, in the cooling operation, either or both of the control to increase the valve opening degree of the cascade expansion valve 36 and the control to increase the frequency of the primary side compressor 71 in the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a can be executed. , the carbon dioxide refrigerant flowing through the cascade heat exchanger 35 is controlled so as not to exceed the critical point.
- the secondary-side high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the secondary-side compressor 21 and discharged passes through the first switching valve 22a of the secondary-side switching mechanism 22 and passes through the cascade heat exchanger 35. is sent to the secondary side passage 35a.
- the secondary-side high-pressure refrigerant flowing through the secondary-side passage 35a releases heat, and the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the primary-side passage 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 evaporates.
- the secondary-side refrigerant that has dissipated heat in the cascade heat exchanger 35 passes through the cascade expansion valve 36 whose opening is adjusted, and then flows into the secondary-side receiver 45.
- the refrigerant sent to the secondary side third communication pipe 7 is branched into three and passes through the third branch pipes 61a, 61b, 61c of the first to third branch units 6a, 6b, 6c. .
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the second connection pipes 16a, 16b, 16c is sent to the second utilization pipes 56a, 56b, 56c of the first to third utilization units 3a, 3b, 3c.
- the refrigerant sent to the second usage pipes 56a, 56b, 56c is sent to the usage side expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c of the usage units 3a, 3b, 3c.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the usage-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, and 51c whose opening degrees are adjusted is heated with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fans 53a, 53b, and 53c in the usage-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c. make an exchange.
- the refrigerant flowing through the use-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c evaporates and becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the room air is cooled and supplied to the room. Thereby, the indoor space is cooled.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant sent to the confluence pipes 62a, 62b, 62c flows to the second branch pipes 64a, 64b, 64c.
- Some of the refrigerant that has passed through the second control valves 67a, 67b, 67c in the second branch pipes 64a, 64b, 64c is sent to the secondary side second communication pipe 9.
- Some of the remaining refrigerant that has passed through the second control valves 67a, 67b, and 67c passes through the bypass pipes 69a, 69b, and 69c, flows through a part of the first branch pipes 63a, 63b, and 63c, and then It is sent to the secondary side first communication pipe 8 .
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 is made to function as a radiator for the primary side refrigerant.
- the sixth operating state of the primary side switching mechanism 72 is the connected state indicated by broken lines in the primary side switching mechanism 72 in FIG.
- the primary side refrigerant discharged from the primary side compressor 71, passed through the primary side switching mechanism 72, and passed through the first gas shutoff valve 109 is transferred to the primary side second communication pipe 112. and the second gas shut-off valve 107 to the primary side passage 35 b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 .
- the refrigerant flowing through the primary side passage 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 is condensed by exchanging heat with the secondary side refrigerant flowing through the secondary side passage 35a.
- the primary-side refrigerant condensed in the cascade heat exchanger 35 flows through the second refrigerant pipe 114, it passes through the primary-side second expansion valve 102 that is controlled to be fully open.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the primary side second expansion valve 102 flows through the second liquid shutoff valve 106, the primary side first connecting pipe 111, the first liquid shutoff valve 108, and the primary side subcooling heat exchanger 103 in this order.
- the pressure is reduced at the first expansion valve 76 .
- the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a is controlled to be closed, so that the refrigerant does not flow in the primary side supercooling circuit 104, so heat exchange in the primary side supercooling heat exchanger 103 is also performed. can't break
- the opening of the first expansion valve 76 on the primary side is controlled so that the degree of superheat of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 71 on the primary side satisfies a predetermined condition, for example.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the primary side first expansion valve 76 evaporates by exchanging heat with the outside air supplied from the primary side fan 75 in the primary side heat exchanger 74 , and the primary side switching mechanism 72 and the primary side accumulator 105 . and is sucked into the primary side compressor 71 .
- the secondary side switching mechanism 22 is switched to the second connection state. This allows the cascade heat exchanger 35 to function as an evaporator for the refrigerant on the secondary side.
- the second switching valve 22b connects the discharge passage 24 and the first pipe 28, and the first switching valve 22a connects the third pipe 25 and the suction passage 23. Connected. Also, the opening of the cascade expansion valve 36 is adjusted.
- the first control valves 66a, 66b, 66c are controlled to open, and the second control valves 67a, 67b, 67c are controlled to close.
- all of the usage-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c of the usage units 3a, 3b, 3c function as radiators for refrigerant.
- the utilization side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c of the utilization units 3a, 3b, 3c and the discharge side of the secondary side compressor 21 of the cascade unit 2 are defined by the discharge flow path 24, the first pipe 28, the secondary side Connected via first connecting pipe 8, first branch pipes 63a, 63b, 63c, merging pipes 62a, 62b, 62c, first connecting pipes 15a, 15b, 15c, first utilization pipes 57a, 57b, 57c It has become.
- the secondary side supercooling expansion valve 48a and the bypass expansion valve 46a are controlled to be closed. In the usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c, the opening degrees of the usage-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, and 51c are adjusted.
- the secondary-side refrigerant circuit 10 capacity control is performed on the secondary-side compressor 21 so that the frequency becomes a frequency that can process the load in the utilization-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c.
- the secondary-side refrigerant discharged from the secondary-side compressor 21 is controlled to be in a critical state exceeding the critical pressure.
- the frequency of the primary-side compressor 71 is adjusted so that the condensation temperature of the primary-side refrigerant in the primary-side flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 reaches a predetermined primary-side condensation target temperature.
- Ability control is performed by controlling.
- the high pressure refrigerant compressed and discharged by the secondary side compressor 21 is sent to the first pipe 28 through the second switching valve 22 b of the secondary side switching mechanism 22 .
- the refrigerant sent to the first pipe 28 is sent to the secondary side first communication pipe 8 through the first closing valve 32 .
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the secondary-side first communication pipe 8 is branched into three first branch pipes 63a, 63b, 63c of the utilization units 3a, 3b, 3c, which are the utilization units in operation. sent to The high-pressure refrigerant sent to the first branch pipes 63a, 63b, 63c passes through the first control valves 66a, 66b, 66c and flows through the confluence pipes 62a, 62b, 62c. After that, the refrigerant flowing through the first connection pipes 15a, 15b, 15c and the first utilization pipes 57a, 57b, 57c is sent to the utilization side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the usage-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fans 53a, 53b, and 53c in the usage-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c. .
- the refrigerant flowing through the use-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c releases heat.
- Indoor air is heated and supplied indoors. Thereby, the indoor space is heated.
- the refrigerant that has dissipated heat in the usage-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, and 52c flows through the second usage pipes 56a, 56b, and 56c, and passes through the usage-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, and 51c whose opening degrees are adjusted.
- the secondary-side refrigerant that has passed through the user-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, and 51c has a critical pressure or less. After that, the refrigerant flowing through the second connection pipes 16a, 16b, 16c flows through the third branch pipes 61a, 61b, 61c of the branch units 6a, 6b, 6c.
- the refrigerant sent to the third branch pipes 61a, 61b, and 61c is sent to the secondary side third communication pipe 7 and merged.
- the refrigerant sent to the secondary side third communication pipe 7 is sent to the cascade expansion valve 36 after passing through the third closing valve 31 .
- the refrigerant sent to the cascade expansion valve 36 is sent to the cascade heat exchanger 35 after having its flow rate adjusted in the cascade expansion valve 36 .
- the secondary-side refrigerant flowing through the secondary-side passage 35a evaporates to become a low-pressure gas refrigerant and is sent to the secondary-side switching mechanism 22, whereupon the primary-side flow of the cascade heat exchanger 35
- the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the passage 35b is condensed.
- the secondary-side low-pressure gas refrigerant sent to the first switching valve 22 a of the secondary-side switching mechanism 22 passes through the suction flow path 23 and the secondary-side accumulator 30 to the suction side of the secondary-side compressor 21 . returned to
- the usage side heat exchangers 52a and 52b of the usage units 3a and 3b function as refrigerant evaporators, and the usage side heat exchanger 52c of the usage unit 3c operates to function as a heat radiator for the refrigerant.
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 functions as a secondary-side refrigerant radiator.
- the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a and the secondary side refrigerant circuit 10 of the refrigeration cycle device 1 are configured as shown in FIG.
- the arrows attached to the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a and the arrows attached to the secondary side refrigerant circuit 10 in FIG. 5 indicate the flow of the refrigerant during the cooling main operation.
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 is switched to It is designed to function as an evaporator for the refrigerant on the primary side.
- the primary-side refrigerant discharged from the primary-side compressor 71 passes through the primary-side switching mechanism 72 , and is supplied to the primary-side heat exchanger 74 by the primary-side fan 75 .
- the primary-side refrigerant condensed in the primary-side heat exchanger 74 passes through the primary-side first expansion valve 76 that is controlled to be fully open, and a portion of the refrigerant passes through the primary-side subcooling heat exchanger 103 to become the first liquid.
- Flowing toward the closing valve 108 another part of the refrigerant branches and flows to the primary side subcooling circuit 104 .
- the refrigerant flowing through the primary side supercooling circuit 104 is decompressed when passing through the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a.
- the refrigerant flowing from the primary side first expansion valve 76 toward the first liquid closing valve 108 is decompressed by the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a and flows through the primary side supercooling circuit 104. It exchanges heat with the refrigerant and is cooled to a supercooled state.
- the supercooled refrigerant flows through the primary side first communication pipe 111 , the second liquid closing valve 106 and the second refrigerant pipe 114 in this order, and is decompressed at the primary side second expansion valve 102 .
- the valve opening degree of the primary side second expansion valve 102 is controlled, for example, so that the degree of superheat of the refrigerant sucked into the primary side compressor 71 satisfies a predetermined condition.
- the primary-side refrigerant depressurized by the primary-side second expansion valve 102 exchanges heat with the secondary-side refrigerant flowing through the secondary-side flow path 35a when flowing through the primary-side flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35.
- the refrigerant evaporates and flows toward the second gas shutoff valve 107 through the first refrigerant pipe 113 .
- the first switching valve 22a connects the discharge passage 24 and the third pipe 25, and the second switching valve 22b connects the discharge passage 24 and the first pipe.
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 functions as a secondary-side refrigerant radiator.
- the opening of the cascade expansion valve 36 is adjusted.
- the first control valve 66c and the second control valve 67a, 67b are controlled to open, and the first control valve 66a, 66b and the The second control valve 67c is controlled to be closed.
- the degree of supercooling of the secondary side refrigerant flowing from the outlet of the secondary side supercooling heat exchanger 47 toward the secondary side third connecting pipe 7 satisfies a predetermined condition.
- the opening is controlled as follows.
- the bypass expansion valve 46a is controlled to be closed.
- the opening degrees of the usage-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, and 51c are adjusted.
- the evaporating temperature in the heat exchanger functioning as an evaporator for the secondary-side refrigerant is a predetermined two.
- Capacity control is performed by controlling the frequency of the secondary side compressor 21 so as to achieve the secondary side evaporation target temperature.
- the opening of the cascade expansion valve 36 is adjusted so that the pressure of the secondary side refrigerant flowing through the cascade heat exchanger 35 is below the critical pressure.
- the frequency of the primary-side compressor 71 is adjusted so that the evaporation temperature of the primary-side refrigerant in the primary-side flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 reaches a predetermined primary-side evaporation target temperature.
- Ability control is performed by being controlled. As described above, in the cooling operation, either or both of the control to increase the valve opening degree of the cascade expansion valve 36 and the control to increase the frequency of the primary side compressor 71 in the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a can be executed. , the carbon dioxide refrigerant flowing through the cascade heat exchanger 35 is controlled so as not to exceed the critical point.
- the secondary-side refrigerant circuit 10 a part of the high-pressure refrigerant on the secondary side compressed and discharged by the secondary-side compressor 21 is transferred to the second switching valve 22b of the secondary-side switching mechanism 22 and the second switching valve 22b. 1 pipe 28 and the first closing valve 32 to the secondary side first connecting pipe 8, and the remainder is sent to the cascade heat exchanger 35 through the first switching valve 22a of the secondary side switching mechanism 22 and the third pipe 25. is sent to the secondary side passage 35a.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the secondary-side first communication pipe 8 is sent to the first branch pipe 63c.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the first branch pipe 63c is sent to the usage-side heat exchanger 52c of the usage unit 3c through the first control valve 66c and the confluence pipe 62c.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the usage-side heat exchanger 52c exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 53c in the usage-side heat exchanger 52c.
- the refrigerant flowing through the user-side heat exchanger 52c releases heat.
- the indoor air is heated and supplied indoors, and the heating operation of the utilization unit 3c is performed.
- the refrigerant that has released heat in the usage side heat exchanger 52c flows through the second usage pipe 56c, and the flow rate is adjusted by the usage side expansion valve 51c. After that, the refrigerant that has flowed through the second connection pipe 16c is sent to the third branch pipe 61c of the branch unit 6c.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the secondary-side passage 35a of the cascade heat exchanger 35 heat-exchanges with the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the primary-side passage 35b in the cascade heat exchanger 35, thereby releasing heat.
- the secondary-side refrigerant that has released heat in the cascade heat exchanger 35 flows into the secondary-side receiver 45 after being flow-controlled in the cascade expansion valve 36 .
- Part of the refrigerant that has flowed out of the secondary receiver 45 branches into the secondary supercooling circuit 48 and joins the suction flow path 23 after being decompressed in the secondary supercooling expansion valve 48a.
- the secondary-side subcooling heat exchanger 47 another part of the refrigerant flowing out of the secondary-side receiver 45 is cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the secondary-side subcooling circuit 48, and then through the third stop valve 31, It is sent to the secondary-side third connecting pipe 7 and joins with the refrigerant that has dissipated heat in the user-side heat exchanger 52c.
- the refrigerant merged in the secondary-side third communication pipe 7 branches into two and is sent to the respective third branch pipes 61a and 61b of the branch units 6a and 6b.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second connecting pipes 16a, 16b is sent to the second utilization pipes 56a, 56b of the respective first and second utilization units 3a, 3b.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second usage pipes 56a and 56b passes through the usage side expansion valves 51a and 51b of the usage units 3a and 3b.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the user-side expansion valves 51a and 51b whose opening degrees are adjusted exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fans 53a and 53b in the user-side heat exchangers 52a and 52b.
- the refrigerant flowing through the use-side heat exchangers 52a and 52b evaporates and becomes low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the room air is cooled and supplied to the room. Thereby, the indoor space is cooled.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant evaporated in the utilization side heat exchangers 52a, 52b is sent to the confluence pipes 62a, 62b of the first and second branch units 6a, 6b.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant sent to the confluence pipes 62a, 62b is sent to the secondary side second communication pipe 9 through the second control valves 67a, 67b and the second branch pipes 64a, 64b to join.
- the cascade heat exchanger 35 is made to function as a radiator for the primary side refrigerant.
- the sixth operating state of the primary side switching mechanism 72 is the connected state indicated by broken lines in the primary side switching mechanism 72 in FIG.
- the primary side refrigerant discharged from the primary side compressor 71, passed through the primary side switching mechanism 72, and passed through the first gas shutoff valve 109 is transferred to the primary side second communication pipe 112. and the second gas shut-off valve 107 to the primary side passage 35 b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 .
- the refrigerant flowing through the primary side passage 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 is condensed by exchanging heat with the secondary side refrigerant flowing through the secondary side passage 35a.
- the primary-side refrigerant condensed in the cascade heat exchanger 35 passes through the second primary-side expansion valve 102, which is controlled to be fully open, and then flows through the second liquid closing valve 106, the primary It flows through the side first connecting pipe 111 , the first liquid closing valve 108 , and the primary side subcooling heat exchanger 103 in this order, and is decompressed at the primary side first expansion valve 76 .
- the primary side supercooling expansion valve 104a is controlled to be closed, so that the refrigerant does not flow in the primary side supercooling circuit 104, so heat exchange in the primary side supercooling heat exchanger 103 is also performed. Not done.
- the opening of the first expansion valve 76 on the primary side is controlled so that the degree of superheat of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 71 on the primary side satisfies a predetermined condition, for example.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the primary side first expansion valve 76 evaporates by exchanging heat with the outside air supplied from the primary side fan 75 in the primary side heat exchanger 74 , and the primary side switching mechanism 72 and the primary side accumulator 105 . and is sucked into the primary side compressor 71 .
- the secondary switching mechanism 22 is switched to the second connection state.
- the second switching valve 22b connects the discharge passage 24 and the first pipe 28, and the first switching valve 22a connects the third pipe 25 and the suction passage 23. Connected.
- This allows the cascade heat exchanger 35 to function as an evaporator for the refrigerant on the secondary side.
- the opening of the cascade expansion valve 36 is adjusted.
- the first control valves 66a, 66b and the second control valves 67c are controlled to open, and the first control valves 66c and the second control valves 66c and 67c are controlled to open.
- Valves 67a and 67b are controlled to be closed.
- the usage-side heat exchangers 52a and 52b of the usage units 3a and 3b function as refrigerant radiators
- the usage-side heat exchanger 52c of the usage unit 3c functions as a refrigerant evaporator.
- the utilization side heat exchanger 52c of the utilization unit 3c and the suction side of the secondary side compressor 21 of the cascade unit 2 are connected by a first utilization pipe 57c, a first connection pipe 15c, a junction pipe 62c, and a second branch pipe 64c. , and the second connecting pipe 9 on the secondary side.
- the utilization side heat exchangers 52a and 52b of the utilization units 3a and 3b and the discharge side of the secondary side compressor 21 of the cascade unit 2 are the discharge flow path 24, the first pipe 28, and the secondary side first connecting pipe. 8, first branch pipes 63a, 63b, merging pipes 62a, 62b, first connection pipes 15a, 15b, and first utilization pipes 57a, 57b. Also, the secondary side supercooling expansion valve 48a and the bypass expansion valve 46a are controlled to be closed. In the usage units 3a, 3b, and 3c, the opening degrees of the usage-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, and 51c are adjusted.
- the frequency of the primary-side compressor 71 is adjusted so that the condensation temperature of the primary-side refrigerant in the primary-side flow path 35b of the cascade heat exchanger 35 reaches a predetermined primary-side condensation target temperature.
- Ability control is performed by being controlled.
- the secondary-side high-pressure refrigerant compressed and discharged by the secondary-side compressor 21 flows through the second switching valve 22b of the secondary-side switching mechanism 22, the first pipe 28, and the second switching valve 22b. It is sent to the secondary side first communication pipe 8 through the 1 closing valve 32 .
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the secondary-side first communication pipe 8 is branched into two and connected to the first usage unit 3a and the second usage unit 3b, which are the usage units in operation. It is sent to the first branch pipes 63a and 63b of the first branch unit 6a and the second branch unit 6b.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the first branch pipes 63a, 63b passes through the first control valves 66a, 66b, the confluence pipes 62a, 62b, and the first connection pipes 15a, 15b to the first usage unit 3a and the second usage unit 3b. are sent to the utilization side heat exchangers 52a and 52b.
- the secondary-side refrigerant that has passed through the user-side expansion valves 51a and 51b has a critical pressure or less. After that, the refrigerant that has flowed through the second connection pipes 16a and 16b is sent to the secondary side third connection pipe 7 via the third branch pipes 61a and 61b of the branch units 6a and 6b.
- Part of the refrigerant sent to the secondary-side third communication pipe 7 is sent to the third branch pipe 61c of the branch unit 6c, and the rest flows toward the third shutoff valve 31.
- the refrigerant sent to the third branch pipe 61c flows through the second usage pipe 56c of the usage unit 3c via the second connection pipe 16c, and is sent to the usage side expansion valve 51c.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the user-side expansion valve 51c whose opening degree is adjusted exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 53c in the user-side heat exchanger 52c.
- the refrigerant flowing through the user-side heat exchanger 52c evaporates and becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the room air is cooled and supplied to the room. Thereby, the indoor space is cooled.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant evaporated in the use-side heat exchanger 52c passes through the first use pipe 57c and the first connection pipe 15c and is sent to the confluence pipe 62c.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant sent to the confluence pipe 62c is sent to the secondary side second communication pipe 9 through the second control valve 67c and the second branch pipe 64c.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant sent to the secondary-side second communication pipe 9 passes through the second stop valve 33, the second pipe 29, the suction passage 23 and the secondary-side accumulator 30 to the secondary-side compressor 21. returned to the intake side.
- the refrigerant that has flowed toward the third closing valve 31 is sent to the cascade expansion valve 36 .
- the refrigerant sent to the cascade expansion valve 36 passes through the cascade expansion valve 36 whose opening degree is adjusted, and then flows through the primary side passage 35b in the secondary side passage 35a of the cascade heat exchanger 35. It exchanges heat with the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flowing through the secondary flow path 35 a of the cascade heat exchanger 35 evaporates into a low-pressure gas refrigerant and is sent to the first switching valve 22 a of the secondary switching mechanism 22 .
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant sent to the first switching valve 22 a of the secondary-side switching mechanism 22 joins the low-pressure gas refrigerant evaporated in the user-side heat exchanger 52 c in the suction passage 23 .
- the merged refrigerant is returned to the suction side of the secondary side compressor 21 via the secondary side accumulator 30 .
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of a state in which the first safety valve 91 is removed.
- the secondary receiver 45 is made of iron or an iron alloy such as carbon steel in this embodiment. In addition, when the secondary receiver 45 is made of carbon steel, the carbon content is 0.04% by weight or more and 2% by weight or less.
- the secondary receiver 45 has a container body 45x, a first communication portion 45a, a second communication portion 45b, a third communication portion 45c, and a fourth communication portion 45d.
- the container body 45x is a substantially cylindrical container having an inner volume corresponding to the amount of refrigerant charged in the secondary refrigerant circuit 10, and temporarily stores the refrigerant flowing through the secondary refrigerant circuit 10. As shown in FIG.
- the first communication portion 45 a is a pipe that extends laterally from a part of the peripheral surface of the container body 45 x and is connected to the third connection portion 99 a of the channel switching portion 96 .
- the second communication portion 45b is a pipe extending laterally from a portion of the peripheral surface of the container body 45x, and constitutes a part of the fourth pipe 26 in the secondary refrigerant circuit 10.
- the third communication portion 45 c is a pipe extending laterally from a part of the peripheral surface of the container body 45 x and constitutes a part of the bypass circuit 46 in the secondary refrigerant circuit 10 .
- the fourth communication portion 45 d is a pipe extending downward from the bottom portion of the container main body 45 x and forms part of the fifth pipe 27 in the secondary refrigerant circuit 10 .
- the end portion of the third communication portion 45c inside the container body 45x is located above the end portion of the second communication portion 45b inside the container body 45x and the end portion inside the container body 45x of the fourth communication portion 45d. .
- connection locations and connection directions of the first communication portion 45a, the second communication portion 45b, the third communication portion 45c, and the fourth communication portion 45d with respect to the container body 45x are no particular limitations.
- the channel switching part 96 is made of stainless steel in this embodiment.
- Stainless steel is an alloy whose main component is iron, with a chromium content of 10.5% by weight or more and a carbon content of 1.2% by weight or less (hereinafter the same).
- Examples of stainless steel include SUS304, SUS316, SUS303, SUS410, SUS430, etc. Among them, SUS304TP, SUS304HTP, SUS304LTP, and SUS316LTP are preferable.
- the channel switching portion 96 has a channel switching valve 99 , a third connection portion 99 a , a first connection pipe 97 and a second connection pipe 98 .
- the first connection pipe 97 extends from one of the connection ports of the channel switching valve 99 and has a first connection portion 97a at its end.
- a first safety valve connection portion 91 a of the first safety valve 91 is connected to the first connection portion 97 a of the first connection pipe 97 .
- the first connection pipe 97 and the flow path switching valve 99 are welded to each other, for example.
- the first connection portion 97a is provided with a thread groove 97x corresponding to a screw thread 91x of the first safety valve connection portion 91a of the first safety valve 91, which will be described later. Thereby, the first safety valve 91 is threadedly connected to the first connecting portion 97a.
- the second connection pipe 98 extends from one connection port of the flow path switching valve 99 and has a second connection portion 98a at its end.
- a second safety valve connection portion 92 a of the second safety valve 92 is connected to the second connection portion 98 a of the second connection pipe 98 .
- the second connection pipe 98 and the flow path switching valve 99 are welded to each other, for example.
- the second connection portion 98a is provided with a thread groove corresponding to a screw thread (not shown) of the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92 described later. Thereby, the second safety valve 92 is threadedly connected to the second connecting portion 98a.
- the third connection portion 99a connects one of the connection ports of the flow path switching valve 99 and the first communication portion 45a of the secondary receiver 45 .
- the channel switching valve 99, the third connecting portion 99a, and the first connecting portion 45a are welded to each other, for example.
- the channel switching valve 99 has a plurality of connection ports, and a state in which the third connection portion 99a and the first connection portion 97a are connected, and a state in which the third connection portion 99a and the second connection portion 98a are connected. It is a switching valve that switches between the closed state and the closed state.
- the channel switching valve 99 is, for example, a manual valve.
- the flow path switching valve 99 may be configured by, for example, a three-way valve, or may be configured using three connection ports of a four-way valve.
- the first safety valve 91 is made of stainless steel in this embodiment. Although the first safety valve 91 and the flow path switching portion 96 may be made of different types of stainless steel, they are preferably of the same type from the viewpoint of suppressing corrosion due to a potential difference.
- the first safety valve 91 has a first safety valve connection portion 91a for connecting to the first connection portion 97a of the first connection portion 97a.
- the first safety valve connection portion 91a has a screw thread 91x corresponding to the screw groove 97x provided in the first connection portion 97a.
- the second safety valve 92 is made of stainless steel in this embodiment. Although the second safety valve 92 and the flow path switching portion 96 may be made of different types of stainless steel, they are preferably of the same type from the viewpoint of suppressing corrosion due to a potential difference.
- the second safety valve 92 has a second safety valve connection portion 92a for connecting to the second connection portion 98a of the second connection portion 98a.
- the second safety valve connection portion 92a has a screw thread (not shown) corresponding to the screw groove provided in the second connection portion 98a.
- the flow path switching portion 96, the first safety valve 91, and the second safety valve 92 described above satisfy the following material relationships.
- the potential difference between the first connecting portion 97a of the flow path switching portion 96 and the first safety valve connecting portion 91a of the first safety valve 91 is 0.35 V or less, preferably 0.3 V or less, and 0.2 V or less. is more preferable.
- the potential difference between the second connection portion 98a of the flow path switching portion 96 and the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92 is 0.35 V or less, preferably 0.3 V or less, and 0.2 V or less. is more preferable. Since the potential difference between the connecting portions is smaller than 0.35 V, metal corrosion at the connecting portion is suppressed.
- the potential difference may be a value measured in seawater at a flow rate of 24 to 40 m/s at a temperature of 10 to 27°C.
- the allowable tensile stress of the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92 with respect to the second connection portion 98a of the flow path switching portion 96 (the allowable tensile stress of the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92/the allowable tensile stress of the flow path switching portion 96
- the allowable tensile stress of the second connecting portion 98a) is 3.0 times or less, preferably 2.5 times or less, and more preferably 2.0 times or less.
- the ratio of the allowable tensile stresses between the connection portions is 3.0 times or less, and the allowable tensile stress of the second connection portion 98a of the flow path switching portion 96 is less than that of the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92. Not too small compared to the allowable tensile stress. Therefore, the screw groove of the second connection portion 98 a of the flow path switching portion 96 is prevented from being crushed due to repeated attachment and detachment of the second safety valve 92 .
- the allowable tensile stress may be a value under normal temperature, which is the environment in which the safety valve is removed.
- the lower limit of the allowable tensile stress of the first safety valve connection portion 91a of the first safety valve 91 with respect to the first connection portion 97a of the flow path switching portion 96 is not particularly limited. It is preferably 0.5 or more, and may be 1.0 or more. Also, the lower limit of the allowable tensile stress of the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92 with respect to the second connection portion 98a of the flow path switching portion 96 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.3 or more. It is preferably 0.5 or more, and may be 1.0 or more. As a result, the first safety valve connection portion 91a of the first safety valve 91 and the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92 are prevented from being damaged by repeated attachment and detachment.
- the ratio of the allowable tensile stress of the first safety valve connection portion 91a of the first safety valve 91 to the first connection portion 97a of the flow path switching portion 96 (allowable tensile stress of the first safety valve connection portion 91a/allowance of the first connection portion 97a Tensile stress) value is small. Therefore, it is suppressed that the screw groove 97x of the first connection portion 97a of the flow path switching portion 96 is crushed due to repeated attachment and detachment of the first safety valve 91 .
- the ratio of the allowable tensile stress of the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92 to the second connection portion 98a of the flow path switching portion 96 (the allowable tensile stress of the second safety valve connection portion 92a/the allowable tensile stress of the second connection portion 98a Tensile stress) value is small. Therefore, the screw groove of the second connection portion 98 a of the flow path switching portion 96 is prevented from being crushed due to repeated attachment and detachment of the second safety valve 92 .
- the flow path switching portion 96, the first safety valve 91, and the second safety valve 92 are all made of stainless steel, the strength is sufficiently ensured, and the first safety valve 91 and the second safety valve 92 Even if the attachment/detachment is repeated, the state of each connection between the first safety valve 91, the second safety valve 92, and the flow path switching portion 96 is maintained in good condition.
- the secondary side refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with carbon dioxide refrigerant.
- the behavior of the refrigerant temperature may become unstable.
- a safety valve is used that functions according to the pressure of the carbon dioxide refrigerant instead of the temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant. Thereby, the reliability of the refrigerating cycle apparatus 1 can be improved.
- the flow path switching portion 96 of another embodiment A does not have the first connecting pipe 97 and the second connecting pipe 98 in the above embodiment. There may be. Further, the channel switching portion 96 of another embodiment A has a first connection portion 99b instead of the first connection portion 97a of the above embodiment, and a second connection portion 99c instead of the second connection portion 98a. may have.
- the first connection portion 99b connects one connection port of the flow path switching valve 99 and the first safety valve connection portion 91a of the first safety valve 91 .
- the first connection portion 99b is provided with a screw groove corresponding to the screw thread 91x of the first safety valve connection portion 91a of the first safety valve 91 .
- the second connection portion 99 c connects one connection port of the flow path switching valve 99 and the second safety valve connection portion 92 a of the second safety valve 92 .
- the second connection portion 99c is provided with a thread groove corresponding to the screw of the second safety valve connection portion 92a of the second safety valve 92 .
- first safety valve 91 has a thread 91x
- second safety valve 92 has a thread
- first connection portion 97a of the first connection pipe 97 has a thread groove 97x
- second connection The case where the second connection portion 98a of the pipe 98 has a thread groove has been described as an example.
- the relationship between the screw thread and the screw groove is not limited to this.
- the first connection portion 97a of the first connection pipe 97 and the second connection portion 98a of the second connection pipe 98 may have threads.
- the relationship between these materials is not limited to this. It may be a zinc-copper alloy and made of brass containing 20% by weight or more of zinc.
- Examples of such brass include C3601BD, C3602BE, C3602BD, C3603BD, C3604BE, C3604BD, C3712BE, C3712BD, C3771BE, C3771BD, etc. specified in JIS.
- Stainless steel and brass can be connected to dissimilar metals, but since the potential difference is as low as about 0.2 V, metal corrosion is less likely to occur.
- the first safety valve 91 and the second safety valve 92 may be made of stainless steel, and the flow path switching portion 96 may be made of copper or a copper alloy.
- copper or copper alloys include, for example, C1220T, C1220TS, etc. specified in JIS.
- Stainless steel and these copper or copper alloys provide dissimilar metal connection, but since the potential difference is as low as about 0.2 V, metal corrosion is less likely to occur.
- the allowable tensile stress ratio (stainless steel/brass) of stainless steel and these copper or copper alloys is about 1.1 to 2.1, repeated attachment and detachment of the safety valve You can also keep the damage small.
- the channel switching valve 99, the first connecting pipe 97, and the second connecting pipe 98 may be made of different metals.
- the flow switching valve It is preferably made of a material with a higher allowable tensile stress than 99.
- FIG. It may be connected to the container main body 45x.
- the third connecting portion 99 a of the flow path switching portion 96 may be connected to an opening provided in the container body 45 x of the secondary receiver 45 .
- a first secondary refrigerant circuit 10a having a first cascade circuit 12a and a second secondary refrigerant circuit 10b having a second cascade circuit 12b and a third cascade circuit 12c are formed. and the third secondary side refrigerant circuit 10c.
- FIG. 11 since the internal structures of the first cascade unit 2a, the second cascade unit 2b, and the third cascade unit 2c are the same as those of the cascade unit 2 of the above-described embodiment, they are omitted by showing only part of them. are doing.
- each of the first cascade unit 2a, the second cascade unit 2b, and the third cascade unit 2c includes a plurality of branch units 6a, 6b, 6c, 6b, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 6c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 9c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 8c, 10c, 10c, 10c, and 2c; It is connected to a plurality of usage units 3a, 3b, 3c.
- the first cascade unit 2a communicates with a plurality of branch units and utilization units via a secondary-side third communication pipe 7a, a secondary-side first communication pipe 8a, and a secondary-side second communication pipe 9a.
- the second cascade unit 2b is connected to the first cascade unit 2a through the secondary-side third connecting pipe 7b, the secondary-side first connecting pipe 8b, and the secondary-side second connecting pipe 9b. It is connected with different different branching units and utilization units.
- the third cascade unit 2c is connected to the first cascade unit 2a via the secondary-side third connecting pipe 7c, the secondary-side first connecting pipe 8c, and the secondary-side second connecting pipe 9c. It is connected to a plurality of different branching units and usage units that are different from those connected to the second cascade unit 2b.
- the primary side unit 5 and the first cascade unit 2a are connected via the primary side first connecting pipe 111a and the primary side second connecting pipe 112a.
- the primary side unit 5 and the second cascade unit 2b are composed of a primary side first communication pipe 111b branched from the primary side first communication pipe 111a and a primary side second communication pipe 112b branched from the primary side second communication pipe 112a. , are connected via
- the primary side unit 5 and the third cascade unit 2c are composed of a primary side first communication pipe 111c branched from the primary side first communication pipe 111a and a primary side second communication pipe 112c branched from the primary side second communication pipe 112a. , are connected via
- the first cascade unit 2a, the second cascade unit 2b, and the third cascade unit 2c each have a primary side second expansion valve 102 that controls the degree of opening thereof.
- the first cascade-side controller 20a of the first cascade unit 2a, the second cascade-side controller 20b of the second cascade unit 2b, and the third cascade-side controller 20c of the third cascade unit 2c correspond to each other.
- the opening degree control of the primary side second expansion valve 102 is performed.
- the first cascade-side controller 20a, the second cascade-side controller 20b, and the third cascade-side controller 20c control the first cascade circuit 12a and the second cascade circuit, respectively.
- the primary-side refrigerant flowing through the primary-side refrigerant circuit 5a corresponds to the difference in load among the first secondary-side refrigerant circuit 10a, the second secondary-side refrigerant circuit 10b, and the third secondary-side refrigerant circuit 10c.
- R32 or R410A is exemplified as the refrigerant used in the primary refrigerant circuit 5a
- carbon dioxide is exemplified as the refrigerant used in the secondary refrigerant circuit 10.
- the refrigerant used in the primary side refrigerant circuit 5a is not particularly limited, and HFC-32, HFO refrigerant, mixed refrigerant of HFC-32 and HFO refrigerant, carbon dioxide, ammonia, propane etc. can be used.
- the refrigerant used in the secondary refrigerant circuit 10 is not particularly limited, and HFC-32, HFO refrigerant, mixed refrigerant of HFC-32 and HFO refrigerant, carbon dioxide, ammonia, propane, etc. can be used.
- HFO-based refrigerant for example, HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze, etc. can be used.
- the same refrigerant may be used in the primary refrigerant circuit 5a and the secondary refrigerant circuit 10, or different refrigerants may be used.
- lower global warming potential (GWP), lower ozone depletion potential (ODP), lower combustibility, or toxicity than the refrigerant used in the primary refrigerant circuit 5a is preferably low.
- the flammability can be compared, for example, according to the ASHRAE34 category of flammability.
- Toxicity can also be compared, for example, according to classifications relating to ASHRAE 34 safety grades.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、冷凍サイクル装置1の概略構成図である。図2は、冷凍サイクル装置1の概略機能ブロック構成図である。
一次側冷媒回路5aは、一次側圧縮機71と、一次側切換機構72と、一次側熱交換器74と、一次側第1膨張弁76と、一次側過冷却熱交換器103と、一次側過冷却回路104と、一次側過冷却膨張弁104aと、第1液閉鎖弁108と、一次側第1連絡管111と、第2液閉鎖弁106と、第2冷媒配管114と、一次側第2膨張弁102と、二次側冷媒回路10と共有しているカスケード熱交換器35と、第1冷媒配管113と、第2ガス閉鎖弁107と、一次側第2連絡管112と、第1ガス閉鎖弁109と、一次側アキュムレータ105と、を有している。この一次側冷媒回路5aは、具体的には、カスケード熱交換器35の一次側流路35bを有している。
二次側冷媒回路10は、複数の利用ユニット3a、3b、3cと、複数の分岐ユニット6a、6b、6cと、カスケードユニット2と、が互いに接続されて構成されている。各利用ユニット3a、3b、3cは、対応する分岐ユニット6a、6b、6cと、1対1に接続されている。具体的には、利用ユニット3aと分岐ユニット6aとは第1接続管15aおよび第2接続管16aを介して接続され、利用ユニット3bと分岐ユニット6bとは第1接続管15bおよび第2接続管16bを介して接続され、利用ユニット3cと分岐ユニット6cとは第1接続管15cおよび第2接続管16cを介して接続されている。また、各分岐ユニット6a、6b、6cは、カスケードユニット2と、3つの連絡管である二次側第3連絡管7と二次側第1連絡管8と二次側第2連絡管9とを介して接続されている。具体的には、カスケードユニット2から延び出した二次側第3連絡管7と二次側第1連絡管8と二次側第2連絡管9とは、それぞれ複数に分岐して、各分岐ユニット6a、6b、6cに接続されている。
一次側ユニット5は、利用ユニット3a、3b、3cや分岐ユニット6a、6b、6cが配置された空間とは異なる空間や屋上等に設置されている。
カスケードユニット2は、利用ユニット3a、3b、3cや分岐ユニット6a、6b、6cが配置された空間とは異なる空間や屋上等に設置されている。
利用ユニット3a、3b、3cは、ビル等の室内の天井に埋め込みや吊り下げ等、または、室内の壁面に壁掛け等により設置されている。
分岐ユニット6a、6b、6cは、ビル等の室内の天井裏の空間等に設置されている。
冷凍サイクル装置1では、上述のカスケード側制御部20、利用側制御部50a、50b、50c、分岐ユニット制御部60a、60b、60c、一次側制御部70が、有線または無線を介して相互に通信可能に接続されることで、制御部80を構成している。したがって、この制御部80は、各種センサ37、38、39、83、84、85、86、87、88、77、78、79、81、82、58a、58b、58c等の検出情報および図示しないリモコン等から受け付けた指示情報等に基づいて、各部21(21a)、22、36、44、46a、48a、51a、51b、51c、53a、53b、53c(54a、54b、54c)、66a、66b、66c、67a、67b、67c、71(71a)、72、75(75a)、76、104aの動作を制御する。
次に、冷凍サイクル装置1の動作について、図3~図6を用いて説明する。
冷房運転では、例えば、利用ユニット3a、3b、3cの利用側熱交換器52a、52b、52cの全てが冷媒の蒸発器として機能する運転を行い、カスケード熱交換器35が二次側の冷媒の放熱器として機能する運転を行う。この冷房運転では、冷凍サイクル装置1の一次側冷媒回路5aおよび二次側冷媒回路10は、図3に示すように構成される。なお、図3の一次側冷媒回路5aに付された矢印および二次側冷媒回路10に付された矢印は、冷房運転時の冷媒の流れを示している。
暖房運転では、例えば、利用ユニット3a、3b、3cの利用側熱交換器52a、52b、52cの全てが冷媒の放熱器として機能する運転を行う。また、暖房運転では、カスケード熱交換器35が二次側の冷媒の蒸発器として機能する運転を行う。暖房運転では、冷凍サイクル装置1の一次側冷媒回路5aおよび二次側冷媒回路10は、図4に示すように構成される。図4の一次側冷媒回路5aに付された矢印および二次側冷媒回路10に付された矢印は、暖房運転時の冷媒の流れを示している。
冷房主体運転では、例えば、利用ユニット3a、3bの利用側熱交換器52a、52bが冷媒の蒸発器として機能し、かつ、利用ユニット3cの利用側熱交換器52cが冷媒の放熱器として機能する運転を行う。冷房主体運転では、カスケード熱交換器35は、二次側の冷媒の放熱器として機能する。冷房主体運転では、冷凍サイクル装置1の一次側冷媒回路5aおよび二次側冷媒回路10は、図5に示されるように構成される。図5の一次側冷媒回路5aに付された矢印および二次側冷媒回路10に付された矢印は、冷房主体運転時の冷媒の流れを示している。
暖房主体運転では、例えば、利用ユニット3a、3bの利用側熱交換器52a、52bが冷媒の放熱器として機能し、かつ、利用側熱交換器52cが冷媒の蒸発器として機能する運転を行う。暖房主体運転では、カスケード熱交換器35は、二次側の冷媒の蒸発器として機能する。暖房主体運転では、冷凍サイクル装置1の一次側冷媒回路5aおよび二次側冷媒回路10は、図6に示すように構成される。図6の一次側冷媒回路5aに付された矢印および二次側冷媒回路10に付された矢印は、暖房主体運転時の冷媒の流れを示している。
図7に、二次側レシーバ45と流路切換部96と第1安全弁91と第2安全弁92の概略構成図を示す。図8に、第1安全弁91が取り外された状態の概略説明図を示す。
本実施形態の冷凍サイクル装置1では、流路切換部96の第1接続部97aと第1安全弁91の第1安全弁接続部91aとの電位差と、流路切換部96の第2接続部98aと第2安全弁92の第2安全弁接続部92aとの電位差が小さいため、当該接続箇所における金属腐食が抑制される。
(12-1)他の実施形態A
上記実施形態では、流路切換部96が第1接続部97aを有する第1接続配管97と第2接続部98aを有する第2接続配管98とを有する場合を例として挙げて説明した。
上記実施形態では、第1安全弁91がネジ山91xを有し、第2安全弁92がネジ山を有し、第1接続配管97の第1接続部97aがネジ溝97xを有し、第2接続配管98の第2接続部98aがネジ溝を有する場合を例として挙げて説明した。
上記実施形態では、流路切換部96と第1安全弁91と第2安全弁92がいずれもステンレス鋼製である場合を例として挙げて説明した。
上記実施形態では、流路切換部96の全体がステンレス鋼等の同一素材で構成されている場合を例に挙げて説明した。
上記実施形態では、流路切換部96が、二次側レシーバ45の容器本体45xから延びる第1連絡部45aに対して接続される場合を例に挙げて説明した。
上記実施形態では、1つの一次側ユニット5に対して1つのカスケードユニット2が接続された冷凍サイクル装置1を例に挙げて説明した。
上記実施形態では、一次側冷媒回路5aにおいて用いられる冷媒としてR32またはR410Aを例示し、二次側冷媒回路10において用いられる冷媒として二酸化炭素を例示した。
以上、本開示の実施形態を説明したが、特許請求の範囲に記載された本開示の趣旨及び範囲から逸脱することなく、形態や詳細の多様な変更が可能なことが理解されるであろう。
2 :カスケードユニット
2x :カスケードケーシング
3a :第1利用ユニット
3b :第2利用ユニット
3c :第3利用ユニット
5 :一次側ユニット
5a :一次側冷媒回路
10 :二次側冷媒回路(冷媒回路)
12 :カスケード回路
13a、13b、13c:利用回路
20 :カスケード側制御部
21 :二次側圧縮機
21a :圧縮機モータ
22 :二次側切換機構
22a :第1切換弁
22b :第2切換弁
22x :吐出側連絡部
22y :吸入側連絡部
23 :吸入流路
24 :吐出流路
25 :第3配管
26 :第4配管
27 :第5配管
28 :第1配管
29 :第2配管
30 :二次側アキュムレータ
34 :油分離器
35 :カスケード熱交換器
35a :二次側流路
35b :一次側流路
36 :カスケード膨張弁
45 :二次側レシーバ(冷媒容器)
45a :第1連絡部
45b :第2連絡部
45c :第3連絡部
45d :第4連絡部
46 :バイパス回路
46a :バイパス膨張弁
47 :二次側過冷却熱交換器
48 :二次側過冷却回路
48a :二次側過冷却膨張弁
50a-c:利用側制御部
51a-c:利用側膨張弁
52a-c:利用側熱交換器
53a-c:室内ファン
58a、58b、58c:液側温度センサ
60a、60b、60c:分岐ユニット制御部
66a、66b、66c:第1調節弁
67a、67b、67c:第2調節弁
68a、68b、68c:逆止弁
69a、69b、69c:バイパス管
70 :一次側制御部
71 :一次側圧縮機
72 :一次側切換機構
74 :一次側熱交換器
76 :一次側第1膨張弁
80 :制御部
91 :第1安全弁(安全弁)
91a :第1安全弁接続部(第4接続部)
91x :ネジ山
92 :第2安全弁(安全弁)
92a :第2安全弁接続部(第4接続部)
96 :流路切換部
97 :第1接続配管
97a :第1接続部
97x :ネジ溝
98 :第2接続配管
98a :第2接続部
99 :流路切換弁
99a :第3接続部
102 :一次側第2膨張弁
103 :一次側過冷却熱交換器
104 :一次側過冷却回路
104a :一次側過冷却膨張弁
105 :一次側アキュムレータ
111 :一次側第1連絡管
112 :一次側第2連絡管
113 :第1冷媒配管
114 :第2冷媒配管
Claims (7)
- 冷媒を貯留する冷媒容器(45)を有する冷媒回路(10)と、
第1接続部(97a)と、第2接続部(98a)と、前記冷媒容器と接続される第3接続部(99a)とを有し、前記第3接続部と前記第1接続部が連通する第1状態と、前記第3接続部と前記第2接続部が連通する第2状態とを切り換える流路切換部(96)と、
前記第1接続部または前記第2接続部に接続される第4接続部(91a、92a)を有し、前記冷媒容器内の冷媒圧力が所定条件を満たした場合に前記冷媒を外部に逃がす安全弁(91、92)と、
を備え、
前記安全弁は、少なくとも前記第4接続部がステンレス鋼製であり、
前記流路切換部は、
前記第1接続部の前記第4接続部との電位差が0.35V以下であり、
前記第2接続部の前記第4接続部との電位差が0.35V以下であり、
前記第1接続部に対する前記第4接続部の許容引張応力(前記第4接続部の許容引張応力/前記第1接続部の許容引張応力)が3.0倍以下であり、
前記第2接続部に対する前記第4接続部の許容引張応力(前記第4接続部の許容引張応力/前記第2接続部の許容引張応力)が3.0倍以下である、
冷凍サイクル装置(1)。 - 前記流路切換部は、前記第3接続部を有する流路切換弁(99)と、前記第1接続部を有しており前記流路切換弁に接続された第1接続配管(97)と、前記第2接続部を有しており前記流路切換弁に接続された第2接続配管(98)と、を有している、
請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記第1接続部は、銅、銅合金またはステンレス鋼製であり、
前記第2接続部は、銅、銅合金またはステンレス鋼製である、
請求項1または2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記第1接続部および前記第2接続部は、ステンレス鋼製である、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記安全弁は、前記第4接続部がネジ山(91x)を有するねじ込み式の安全弁であり、
前記流路切換部の前記第1接続部および前記第2接続部は、前記第4接続部に対応するネジ山を有している、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒は、二酸化炭素冷媒を含む冷媒である、
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒容器(45)は、前記冷媒回路における高圧冷媒が流れる箇所に設けられている、
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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| CN202280066266.9A CN118159793A (zh) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-22 | 冷冻循环装置 |
| EP22876056.7A EP4411290B1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-22 | Refrigeration cycle device |
| US18/621,723 US12253288B2 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2024-03-29 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
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2021
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2022
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- 2022-09-22 WO PCT/JP2022/035462 patent/WO2023054189A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| WO2025262937A1 (ja) * | 2024-06-21 | 2025-12-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4411290A1 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
| JP7197815B1 (ja) | 2022-12-28 |
| CN118159793A (zh) | 2024-06-07 |
| EP4411290C0 (en) | 2026-02-11 |
| US20240240841A1 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
| EP4411290A4 (en) | 2025-01-15 |
| JP2023051378A (ja) | 2023-04-11 |
| EP4411290B1 (en) | 2026-02-11 |
| US12253288B2 (en) | 2025-03-18 |
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