WO2023054509A1 - 微生物の培養方法、形質転換微生物、及びポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法 - Google Patents
微生物の培養方法、形質転換微生物、及びポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C12Y103/01034—2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) (1.3.1.34)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for culturing microorganisms, a transformed microorganism, and a method for producing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate).
- PHA Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)
- carbon sources include carbohydrates, fats and oils, free fatty acids and the like.
- Patent Literature 1 describes production of PHA by culturing microorganisms capable of producing PHA using palm oil as a carbon source.
- oils and fats with a relatively high iodine value that is, oils and fats containing a relatively large amount of unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids (for example, rapeseed oil and the like). Also, it was found that culturing using free unsaturated fatty acids as a carbon source slows down bacterial cell growth and lowers the rate of PHA production.
- one aspect of the present invention provides a culture of microorganisms capable of achieving a high cell growth rate while using oils and fats containing unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids or free unsaturated fatty acids as carbon sources.
- the purpose is to provide a method.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a trait capable of achieving a high bacterial cell growth rate and a high PHA production rate while using fats and oils with unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids or free unsaturated fatty acids as carbon sources.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a transformed microorganism and a method for producing PHA.
- the present inventors proposed introducing foreign genes involved in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids into microorganisms. investigated. When the fadH gene, which encodes 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, was introduced as such a foreign gene, it was found that the bacterial cell growth rate and the PHA production rate were improved, leading to the present invention. rice field.
- the present invention is a method for culturing microorganisms, comprising the step of culturing microorganisms in the presence of a carbon source, wherein the microorganisms contain a foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or A transformed microorganism introduced with a foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence exhibiting a sequence identity of 85% or more with the amino acid sequence, wherein the carbon source is a fat containing unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid, or
- the present invention relates to a method for culturing microorganisms containing free unsaturated fatty acids.
- the present invention also provides a foreign gene that has a gene encoding poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthase and encodes a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or It also relates to a transformed microorganism into which a foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence exhibiting the above sequence identity has been introduced.
- the present invention provides a method for producing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), comprising the step of culturing a microorganism capable of producing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) in the presence of a carbon source, wherein the microorganism is and a method for producing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), which is the transformed microorganism, and wherein the carbon source is a fat containing unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid, or a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) containing free unsaturated fatty acid.
- a method for culturing microorganisms capable of achieving a high cell growth rate while using oils and fats containing unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids or free unsaturated fatty acids as carbon sources. can provide.
- This embodiment relates to a method for culturing microorganisms, including a step of culturing microorganisms in the presence of a carbon source.
- the microorganism is a trait introduced with a gene encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or a foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence exhibiting a sequence identity of 85% or more with the amino acid sequence. It is a transformed microorganism.
- the transformed microorganism may be any microorganism capable of assimilating fats and oils or free fatty acids.
- the host of the transformed microorganism may be a microorganism isolated from nature, a mutant strain subjected to artificial mutation treatment, or a transformed strain genetically engineered by genetic engineering techniques. Hosts include Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Wautersia, Aeromonas, Escherichia, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus.
- yeasts such as, but not limited to.
- the host may or may not inherently have the fadH gene described below.
- the foreign gene to be introduced into the host is the fadH gene.
- the fadH gene encodes 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase.
- the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase is an essential enzyme (EC 1.3.1.34) for ⁇ -oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids having double bonds at even-numbered carbons. It catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 4-dienoyl-CoA to form 3-trans-enoyl-CoA or 2-trans-enoyl-CoA.
- the fadH gene is a gene encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or a gene encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence exhibiting 85% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence. is preferably A gene encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is the fadH gene obtained from Escherichia coli.
- a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence exhibiting 85% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is a protein having 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity and having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the sequence identity is preferably 90% or higher, more preferably 95% or higher, even more preferably 97% or higher, and particularly preferably 99% or higher.
- substitution, deletion, insertion or addition of one or more amino acids described above is preferably a conservative mutation that maintains normal protein function, more preferably a conservative substitution.
- Conservative substitutions include, for example, substitutions between aromatic amino acids, substitutions between hydrophobic amino acids, substitutions between polar amino acids, substitutions between basic amino acids, substitutions between amino acids having hydroxyl groups, and the like.
- Substitution, deletion, insertion or addition of amino acids may be artificial mutations or natural mutations due to individual differences in gene-derived organisms or species differences.
- a foreign gene means that the biological species from which the gene is derived is different from the biological species of the host of the transformed microorganism.
- the number of foreign genes to be introduced may be one or plural.
- the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity can be enhanced by having the exogenous fadH gene in the transformed microorganism. This can improve the rate of assimilation of unsaturated fatty acids by the transformed microorganism.
- the growth of microorganisms takes precedence over the accumulation of substances, and this cell growth becomes more efficient as the assimilation rate of fatty acids, which are carbon sources, increases. It is speculated that the efficient conversion of unsaturated fatty acids at this stage will improve the cell growth rate when cultured using oils containing unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids or free unsaturated fatty acids as a carbon source.
- the method of introducing the fadH gene into the host is not particularly limited, but may be a method of directly inserting or substituting the target gene onto the chromosome of the host, a method of directly inserting or substituting the target gene onto a megaplasmid carried by the host, or Examples include a method in which a target gene is placed on a vector such as a plasmid, phage, or phagemid and introduced into a host. Two or more of these methods may be used in combination.
- the method of directly inserting or substituting the target gene onto the host chromosome or the megaplasmid carried by the host is preferable, and the method of directly inserting or substituting the target gene onto the host chromosome is more preferable. preferable.
- the target gene is introduced so that it is located downstream of the "gene expression regulatory sequence" that the host originally has, or the target gene is transferred to the foreign "gene expression regulatory sequence" is preferably introduced in a form located downstream of .
- the “gene expression regulatory sequence” refers to a nucleotide sequence that controls the transcription level of the gene (e.g., promoter sequence) and/or a nucleotide sequence that controls the translation level of messenger RNA transcribed from the gene (e.g., Shine (Dalgarno sequence).
- a nucleotide sequence that controls the transcription level of the gene e.g., promoter sequence
- a nucleotide sequence that controls the translation level of messenger RNA transcribed from the gene e.g., Shine (Dalgarno sequence).
- any base sequence existing in nature can be used, or an artificially constructed or modified base sequence can be used.
- a plasmid vector may be prepared by ligating a DNA fragment having a base sequence of a foreign gene with a plasmid vector such as pCUP2.
- the transformed microorganism in the present embodiment may be a microorganism having a gene encoding a PHA synthase and capable of producing PHA.
- a microorganism having a PHA synthetase gene is used in this embodiment, it is possible to achieve the effect of improving the growth rate of bacterial cells and improving the PHA production rate.
- the PHA synthase gene may be originally possessed by the transformed microorganism, or may be foreign.
- Microorganisms having the PHA synthase gene are not particularly limited, but for example, Capiliavidus genus such as Cupriavidus necator, Alcaligenes genus such as Alcaligenes latas, Pseudomonas putida, ⁇ (Pseudomonas fluorescens) ⁇ (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) ⁇ (Pseudomonas resinovorans) ⁇ (Pseudomonas oleovorans) ⁇ (Bacillus megaterium) ⁇ genus, Nocardia, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, etc., Ralstonia, Wautersia, Comamonas, etc. (Microbiological Reviews, 450-472, 1990).
- Capiliavidus genus such as Cupriavidus necator
- Alcaligenes genus such as Alcaligenes latas
- the transformed microorganism into which the exogenous gene encoding the PHA synthase has been introduced may be any of the microorganisms described above, Gram-negative bacteria such as the genus Escherichia, the genus Bacillus, and the like. Gram-positive bacteria such as those of the genus Saccharomyces, Yarrowia, and Candida.
- a bacterium is preferable because it is capable of accumulating a large amount of PHA, and a bacterium belonging to the genus Capiliavidus is more preferable, and Capiliavidus necator is particularly preferable.
- the PHA synthase gene is not particularly limited, for example, a gene encoding a PHA synthase derived from Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophylla, Pseudomonas SP 61-3, or Capyriavidus necator, the above two or more or a gene encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence showing 85% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of the PHA synthase.
- the sequence identity is preferably 90% or higher, more preferably 95% or higher, even more preferably 97% or higher, and particularly preferably 99% or higher.
- the number of PHA synthase genes to be introduced may be one or plural. Moreover, when a plurality of PHA synthase genes are introduced, they may be the same gene or different genes.
- PHA in the present disclosure is not particularly limited as long as it is a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) that can be produced by microorganisms, but it is a single weight of one monomer selected from 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids having 4 to 16 carbon atoms. Copolymers of at least one monomer selected from 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids having 4 to 16 carbon atoms and other hydroxyalkanoic acids (e.g., 4-hydroxyalkanoic acids having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, lactic acid, etc.) , and 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids having 4 to 16 carbon atoms are preferred.
- P (3HB) which is a homopolymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (abbreviation: 3HB), and P (3HB-co-3HV) (abbreviation: 3HV), a copolymer of 3HB and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (abbreviation: 3HV) : PHBV), copolymer P of 3HB and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (abbreviation: 3HH) (3HB-co-3HH) (abbreviation: PHBH), copolymer P of 3HB and 4-hydroxybutyric acid (abbreviation: 4HB) (3HB-co-4HB), and PHA containing lactic acid (abbreviation: LA) as a constituent component, such as a copolymer P of 3HB and LA (LA-co-3HB), etc., but are not limited thereto.
- 3HB 3-hydroxybutyric acid
- LA LA
- PHA is preferably a PHA containing at least 3-hydroxybutyrate units from the viewpoint of a wide range of applications as a polymer.
- Copolymers with alkanoate units are more preferred.
- PHBV and PHBH are more preferable, and PHBH is particularly preferable.
- the type of PHA to be produced can be appropriately selected depending on the type of PHA synthase gene possessed or introduced by the microorganism to be used, the type of metabolic system gene involved in its synthesis, culture conditions, etc.
- the transformed microorganism described above can be cultured in the presence of a carbon source.
- the carbon source preferably contains fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids, or free unsaturated fatty acids.
- the fats and oils and the free unsaturated fatty acids may be used individually or in combination. Also, only one type of fat may be used, or a plurality of types may be used.
- the free unsaturated fatty acid only one kind may be used, or a plurality of kinds may be used.
- the fat or free unsaturated fatty acid may be used in combination with another carbon source (eg, sugar, saturated fatty acid, etc.).
- the unsaturated fatty acids and free unsaturated fatty acids that are constituent fatty acids of the fats and oils are not particularly limited as long as they are fatty acids having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds, but crotonic acid, myristoleic acid, and palmitolein.
- Monounsaturated fatty acids such as acid, sapienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, gadoleic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid; Examples include triunsaturated fatty acids such as pinolenic acid, eleostearic acid, mead acid, dihomo- ⁇ -linolenic acid and eicosatrienoic acid. Among them, diunsaturated fatty acids are preferred, linoleic acid and linolenic acid are more preferred, and linoleic acid is particularly preferred.
- the total content (% by weight) of the diunsaturated fatty acids is preferably 1% or more in the total constituent fatty acids of fats and oils or in the total free fatty acids, from the viewpoint of achieving a higher cell growth rate. % is more preferred, and 10% or more is even more preferred.
- the fats and oils contain triglycerides, which are ester compounds of fatty acids and glycerin.
- Fatty acids constituting triglycerides may contain unsaturated fatty acids, and may contain saturated fatty acids in addition to unsaturated fatty acids.
- animal fats and oils, vegetable fats and oils, mixed fats and oils thereof, transesterified oils, fractionated oils, and the like can be used, and they are not particularly limited.
- specific examples of vegetable oils include rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, corn oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, nut oil, jatropha oil, and rice oil.
- animal fats and oils include lard. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carbon source preferably has a high unsaturated fatty acid content, that is, a high iodine value, since the effects achieved by the present invention are more pronounced.
- the carbon source preferably has an iodine value of 1 or more, more preferably 5 or more, still more preferably 8 or more, even more preferably 50 or more, particularly preferably 80 or more, and most preferably 100 or more. preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, 200 or less, or 180 or less.
- the iodine value can be adjusted by selecting the type of fat or free fatty acid, the combination of multiple types of fat or free fatty acid, and the ratio thereof.
- the iodine value is an index for knowing the amount of unsaturated bonds contained in fats and oils or free fatty acids, and is the number of grams of iodine that can be added to 100 g of fats and oils or free fatty acids. A larger value indicates a larger number of double bonds contained in the fat or free fatty acid, and it can be evaluated that the degree of unsaturation of the fat or free fatty acid is high.
- the fadH gene is obtained by culturing a transformed microorganism introduced with the fadH gene in the presence of an oil or free fatty acid having a relatively high iodine value (high iodine value oil or free fatty acid) as a carbon source.
- the cell growth rate can be improved compared to the case where the same strain is cultured under the same conditions except that the strain is not introduced.
- the transformed microorganism has a PHA synthetase gene, the PHA production rate can be improved in addition to the improvement of the cell proliferation rate. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to effectively utilize high iodine value oil or free fatty acid as a carbon source for microorganisms.
- the method of adding the carbon source to the medium may be batch addition or continuous addition, but continuous addition is preferred. That is, the culture of the transformed microorganism is preferably carried out by continuously adding a carbon source to a medium containing the microorganism while dispersing the carbon source.
- continuous addition includes not only an aspect of continuous addition over time but also an aspect of intermittent and repeated addition with a temporary rest period.
- the medium used for culturing the transformed microorganism may be a liquid medium containing nutrients that contribute to the growth and proliferation of the microorganism. It is preferable to mix the transformed microorganism with a liquid containing a nitrogen source other than the carbon source, inorganic salts, and other organic nutrient sources in addition to the carbon source described above, and disperse the mixture by stirring, shaking, or the like.
- Nitrogen sources include, for example, ammonia, ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate, as well as peptone, meat extract, yeast extract, and the like.
- inorganic salts include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride and the like.
- Other organic nutrient sources include, for example, amino acids such as glycine, alanine, serine, threonine and proline, and vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B12 and vitamin C.
- a culture solution can be obtained by dispersing a medium containing such a nutrient source, a carbon source, and a transformed microorganism in a container. Except for the above-mentioned carbon source and its addition method, the culture conditions can follow the usual microbial culture method, and the culture scale, aeration and stirring conditions, culture temperature, pH during culture, culture time, etc. are not particularly limited.
- PHA recovery When the transformed microorganism has a PHA synthetase gene, it may be cultured for an appropriate period of time to accumulate PHA in the cells, and then the PHA may be recovered from the cells using a well-known method.
- the recovery method is not particularly limited, but can be carried out, for example, by the following method.
- the cells After completion of the culture, the cells are separated from the culture solution using a centrifuge or the like, washed with distilled water, methanol or the like, and dried. PHA is extracted from the dried cells using an organic solvent such as chloroform.
- the fungus components are removed from the PHA-containing solution by filtration or the like, and a poor solvent such as methanol or hexane is added to the filtrate to precipitate the PHA. Furthermore, the supernatant can be removed by filtration or centrifugation and dried to recover the PHA.
- the bacterial cells are separated from the culture solution using a centrifuge or the like, and the bacterial cells are washed with distilled water, methanol, or the like. Subsequently, the washed sample is mixed with a sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) solution, the cell membrane is disrupted by ultrasonic disruption, the bacterial components and PHA are separated by a centrifuge or the like, and the PHA is dried to recover the PHA.
- SDS sodium lauryl sulfate
- a method for culturing a microorganism comprising culturing the microorganism in the presence of a carbon source, A foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence exhibiting a sequence identity of 85% or more with the amino acid sequence is introduced into the microorganism. is a transformed microorganism, The method for culturing microorganisms, wherein the carbon source contains fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids, or free unsaturated fatty acids.
- [Item 2] The method for culturing microorganisms according to item 1, wherein the carbon source has an iodine value of 8 or more.
- [Item 3] Having a gene encoding poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthase, and A transformed microorganism into which a foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a foreign gene encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence exhibiting 85% or more sequence identity with said amino acid sequence is introduced. .
- [Item 4] 4 4.
- poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) comprises a homopolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate units or a copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate units and other hydroxyalkanoate units.
- Production method [Item 9] The production method according to item 8, wherein the other hydroxyalkanoate unit is a 3-hydroxyhexanoate unit.
- the iodine value of each carbon source was quantified by oxidation-reduction titration conforming to JIS standards.
- the Wiiss method using iodine monochloride or the Hanus method using iodine bromide is widely used to enhance the iodine addition reaction.
- turbidity value 1 ml of the culture solution during cultivation was collected and centrifuged to separate the cell component and the liquid. The separated cell component was washed with ethanol and pure water, and measured using a suspension sample of the cell component diluted with pure water and a spectrophotometer. A turbidity value (OD600) was measured from scattering by irradiating the suspended sample with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 600 nm. The turbidity value is an index indicating the bacterial cell concentration in the culture solution, and the larger the turbidity value, the higher the bacterial cell concentration and the more the bacterial cells proliferate.
- the PHA productivity (%) was calculated by the following formula, with respect to the PHA weight (g) obtained from the culture medium obtained 72 hours after the start of culture in the comparative example, and the weight of PHA obtained 72 hours after the start of culture in the example. It was calculated as a ratio of the PHA weight (g) obtained from the culture medium. In addition, the said ratio is a value calculated from the Example and comparative example which used the same fats and oils as a carbon source.
- PHA productivity (%) [PHA weight (g) obtained in Example]/[PHA weight (g) obtained in Comparative Example] ⁇ 100
- a DNA fragment having a Shine-Dalgarno sequence that is a ribosome binding site, a trp promoter, and a base sequence that encodes the fadH amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) derived from Escherichia coli K-12 strain, obtained by PCR using synthetic oligo DNA. (SEQ ID NO: 2) was obtained.
- the resulting DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and SpeI.
- This DNA fragment was ligated with the plasmid vector pCUP2 described in International Publication WO 2007/049716 which was cleaved with restriction enzymes MunI and SpeI to obtain a plasmid vector pCUP2-trp-fadH.
- the plasmid vector pCUP2-trp-fadH is introduced into the KNK005 strain or Cupriavidus necator H16 strain, and the transformant pCUP2-trp-fadH/KNK005 strain or pCUP2-trp-fadH/Cupriavidus necator H16 strain is generated. Obtained. Introduction of the plasmid vector into cells was performed by electrotransfer as follows. A Gene Pulser manufactured by Biorad was used as a gene introduction device, and a gap 0.2 cm cuvette also manufactured by Biorad was used.
- the composition of the PHA production medium is 1.1% (w/v) Na2HPO4-12H2O , 0.19% ( w /v) KH2PO4 , 0.13 % ( w/v) (NH 4 ) 2SO4 , 0.1% (w/v) MgSO4.7H2O , 0.1% (v / v) trace metal salt solution (1.6% (w/v) in 0.1N hydrochloric acid) FeCl3.6H2O , 1 % (w/v) CaCl2.2H2O , 0.02% (w / v) CoCl2.6H2O , 0.016% (w/v) CuSO4.5H 2 O, dissolved in 0.012% (w/v) NiCl 2 .6H 2 O).
- pre-culture The strain was inoculated into 10 ml of seed medium and cultured at a culture temperature of 30° C. for 17 hours to prepare a preculture solution.
- main culture Next, 1.0% (v/v) of the preculture solution was inoculated into a Sakaguchi flask containing 50 ml of the PHA production medium, and cultured with shaking at a culture temperature of 30°C for 72 hours. Cultivation was carried out using oils and fats with iodine values listed in Table 1 as carbon source fats and oils.
- Table 2 shows the turbidity values (OD600) of the culture solution measured 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after the start of culture. The PHA weight measured 72 hours after the start of culture was shown as 100% by weight in each comparative example.
- Example 1 Using the pCUP2-trp-fadH/KNK005 strain produced in Production Example 1 as the PHA-producing microorganism, culturing was performed sequentially in the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 above.
- Table 2 shows the turbidity values (OD600) of the culture solution measured 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after the start of culture, and based on the PHA weight measured 72 hours after the start of culture, the same
- the PHA productivity calculated as a ratio to the PHA weight measured for the comparative example cultured using fats and oils is shown.
- the PHA produced by each cell in Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-4 is PHBH.
- Example 1 has a higher turbidity value (OD600) of the culture solution than Comparative Example 1, especially at the stage of 24 hours. It can be seen that the degree is high. From this, it can be said that introduction of the fadH gene into the microorganism improved the growth rate of the microorganism. Moreover, it can be seen that Example 1 has a higher PHA productivity than Comparative Example 1, and the PHA production rate is improved. The same applies to the comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, the comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, and the comparison between Example 4 and Comparative Example 4.
- Example 5-8 Using the pCUP2-trp-fadH/Cupriavidus necator H16 strain produced in Production Example 1 as the PHA-producing microorganism, the culture was sequentially carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-4.
- Table 3 shows the turbidity values (OD600) of the culture solution measured 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after the start of culture, and based on the PHA weight measured 72 hours after the start of culture, the same
- the PHA productivity calculated as a ratio to the PHA weight measured for the comparative example cultured using fats and oils is shown.
- the PHA produced by each cell in Comparative Examples 5-8 and Examples 5-8 was P(3HB).
- Example 5 has a higher turbidity value (OD600) of the culture solution than Comparative Example 5, especially at the stage of 24 hours. It can be seen that the degree is high. From this, it can be said that introduction of the fadH gene into the microorganism improved the growth rate of the microorganism. In addition, it can be seen that Example 5 has a higher PHA productivity and an improved PHA production rate than Comparative Example 5. The same applies to the comparison between Example 6 and Comparative Example 6, the comparison between Example 7 and Comparative Example 7, and the comparison between Example 8 and Comparative Example 8.
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Abstract
Description
また本発明は、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)合成酵素をコードする遺伝子を有し、かつ、配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子、又は、前記アミノ酸配列と85%以上の配列同一性を示すアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子が導入された、形質転換微生物にも関する。
さらに本発明は、炭素源の存在下で、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)産生能を有する微生物を培養する工程を含む、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法であって、前記微生物は、前記形質転換微生物であり、前記炭素源は、不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含む油脂、又は、遊離不飽和脂肪酸を含有する、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法にも関する。
前記形質転換微生物は、油脂又は遊離脂肪酸を資化可能な微生物であればよい。前記形質転換微生物の宿主は、天然から単離された微生物、人工的突然変異処理が施された変異株、遺伝子工学的手法によって遺伝子操作された形質転換株のいずれであってもよい。宿主としては、ラルストニア(Ralstonia)属、カピリアビダス(Cupriavidus)属、ワウテルシア(Wautersia)属、アエロモナス(Aeromonas)属、エシェリキア(Escherichia)属、アルカリゲネス(Alcaligenes)属、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)属、バチルス(Bacillus)属、アゾトバクター(Azotobacter)属、ノカルデイア(Nocardia)属、スフィンゴモナス(Sphingomonas)属、コマモナス(Comamonas)属等の細菌類や、サッカロマイセス(Saccharomyces)属、ヤロウィア(Yarrowia)属、キャンディダ(Candida)属等の酵母類を使用することが好ましいが、これらに限定されるものではない。宿主は、次に説明するfadH遺伝子を本来的に有するものであっても良いし、有しないものであっても良い。
本実施形態において、前記宿主に導入される外来遺伝子は、fadH遺伝子である。fadH遺伝子は、2,4-ジエノイル-CoAレダクターゼ(2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase)をコードする。当該2,4-ジエノイル-CoAレダクターゼは、偶数番目の炭素に二重結合を有する不飽和脂肪酸のβ酸化に必須の酵素(EC 1.3.1.34)であり、β酸化において、2,4-ジエノイル-CoAをNADPH依存的に還元して、3-トランス-エノイル-CoAまたは2-トランス-エノイル-CoAを生成する反応を触媒する。
本実施形態における前記形質転換微生物は、PHA合成酵素をコードする遺伝子を有し、PHA産生能を有する微生物であってもよい。本実施形態においてPHA合成酵素遺伝子を有する微生物を用いた場合、菌体増殖速度が向上すると共に、PHA生産速度が向上する効果をも達成することができる。前記PHA合成酵素遺伝子は、前記形質転換微生物が本来的に有するものであっても良いし、外来のものであってもよい。
本実施形態では、以上で説明した形質転換微生物を、炭素源の存在下で培養することができる。前記炭素源は、不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含む油脂、又は、遊離不飽和脂肪酸を含有することが好ましい。前記油脂と前記遊離不飽和脂肪酸は、それぞれを使用しても良いし、併用しても良い。また、油脂を1種のみ使用しても良いし、複数種を使用しても良い。前記遊離不飽和脂肪酸も1種のみ使用しても良いし、複数種を使用しても良い。さらに、前記油脂又は前記遊離不飽和脂肪酸と、他の炭素源(例えば、糖、飽和脂肪酸など)とを併用しても良い。
前記形質転換微生物の培養で使用する培地としては、微生物の成長増殖に資する栄養源を含んだ液体の培地であれば良い。上述した炭素源の他、炭素源以外の窒素源、無機塩類、その他の有機栄養源を含む液体に形質転換微生物を混合して、攪拌、振とうなどにより分散させることが好ましい。
前記形質転換微生物がPHA合成酵素遺伝子を有する場合、培養を適切な時間行って菌体内にPHAを蓄積させた後、周知の方法を用いて菌体からPHAを回収すればよい。その回収方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、次のような方法によって実施することができる。培養終了後、培養液から遠心分離機等で菌体を分離し、その菌体を蒸留水、メタノール等により洗浄し、乾燥させる。この乾燥菌体から、クロロホルム等の有機溶剤を用いてPHAを抽出する。このPHAを含んだ溶液から、濾過等によって菌体成分を除去し、そのろ液にメタノールやヘキサン等の貧溶媒を加えてPHAを沈殿させる。さらに、濾過や遠心分離によって上澄み液を除去し、乾燥させてPHAを回収することができる。
[項目1]
炭素源の存在下で微生物を培養する工程を含む、微生物の培養方法であって、
前記微生物は、配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子、又は、前記アミノ酸配列と85%以上の配列同一性を示すアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子が導入された形質転換微生物であり、
前記炭素源は、不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含む油脂、又は、遊離不飽和脂肪酸を含有する、微生物の培養方法。
[項目2]
前記炭素源は、ヨウ素価が8以上である、項目1に記載の微生物の培養方法。
[項目3]
ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)合成酵素をコードする遺伝子を有し、かつ、
配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子、又は、前記アミノ酸配列と85%以上の配列同一性を示すアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子が導入された、形質転換微生物。
[項目4]
宿主がカプリアビダス属に属する、項目3に記載の形質転換微生物。
[項目5]
宿主がカプリアビダス・ネカトールである、項目4に記載の形質転換微生物。
[項目6]
炭素源の存在下で、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)産生能を有する微生物を培養する工程を含む、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法であって、
前記微生物は、項目3~5のいずれか1項に記載の形質転換微生物であり、
前記炭素源は、不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含む油脂、又は、遊離不飽和脂肪酸を含有する、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法。
[項目7]
前記ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)は、少なくとも3-ヒドロキシブチレート単位を含む、項目6に記載の製造方法。
[項目8]
前記ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)は、3-ヒドロキシブチレート単位の単独重合体、又は、3-ヒドロキシブチレート単位と他のヒドロキシアルカノエート単位との共重合体を含む、項目7に記載の製造方法。
[項目9]
前記他のヒドロキシアルカノエート単位が、3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート単位である、項目8に記載の製造方法。
各炭素源のヨウ素価は、JIS規格に準拠されている酸化還元滴定によって定量した。尚、一般的には、ヨウ素付加反応を高めるために、一塩化ヨウ素を用いるウィイス法、又は、臭化ヨウ素を用いるハヌス法が広く用いられている。
培養中の培養液を1ml回収し、遠心分離を用いて菌体成分と液体を分離した。分離した菌体成分をエタノール、純水で洗浄し、純水で希釈した菌体成分の懸濁試料と分光光度計を用いて測定した。分光光度計にて波長600nmの分光を懸濁試料に照射させることで散乱から濁度値(OD600)を測定した。
尚、濁度値は、培養液中の菌体濃度を示す指標であり、濁度値が大きいほど、菌体濃度が高く、菌体がより多く増殖していることを示す。
培養終了後、遠心分離によって菌体を回収し、エタノールで洗浄後真空乾燥し、乾燥菌体を取得した。
得られた乾燥菌体1gに100mlのクロロホルムを加え、室温で一昼夜攪拌して、菌体内のPHAを抽出した。菌体残渣を濾別し、エバポレーターで総容量が30mlになるまで濃縮後、90mlのヘキサンを徐々に添加し、1時間穏やかに攪拌した。析出したPHAを濾別後、60℃で3時間真空乾燥し、乾燥PHAとして取得した。得られた乾燥PHAの重量を測定し、その値を用いて、次のようにPHA生産性を算出した。
PHA生産性(%)は、下記式にて、比較例で培養開始から72時間後に得られた培養液より得られたPHA重量(g)に対する、実施例で培養開始から72時間後に得られた培養液より得られたPHA重量(g)の比率として算出した。尚、当該比率は、炭素源として同じ油脂を使用した実施例と比較例から算出される値である。
PHA生産性(%)=[実施例で得られたPHA重量(g)]/[比較例で得られたPHA重量(g)]×100
全体的な遺伝子操作は、Molecular Cloning (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press(1989又は2001))の記載に従い行うことができる。また、遺伝子操作に使用する酵素、及びクローニング宿主等は、市場の供給者から購入し、その説明に従い使用することができる。なお、酵素としては、遺伝子操作に使用できるものであれば特に限定されない。
まず、プラスミドベクターの作製を行った。作製方法は以下のとおりである。
合成オリゴDNAを用いたPCRにより、リボソーム結合部位であるシャインダルガノ配列、trpプロモーター、及びEscherichia coli K-12株に由来するfadHのアミノ酸配列(配列番号1)をコードする塩基配列を有するDNA断片(配列番号2)を得た。得られたDNA断片を制限酵素EcoRI及びSpeIで消化した。このDNA断片を、国際公開公報2007/049716号公報に記載のプラスミドベクターpCUP2を制限酵素MunI及びSpeIで切断したものと連結し、プラスミドベクターpCUP2-trp-fadHを得た。
次に、プラスミドベクターpCUP2-trp-fadHを、KNK005株、又は、Cupriavidus necator H16株へ導入し、形質転換体pCUP2-trp-fadH/KNK005株、又は、pCUP2-trp-fadH/Cupriavidus necator H16株を得た。
プラスミドベクターの細胞への導入は以下のように電気導入によって行った。遺伝子導入装置はBiorad社製のジーンパルサーを用い、キュベットは同じくBiorad社製のgap0.2cmを用いた。キュベットに、コンピテント細胞400μlと発現ベクター20μlを注入してパルス装置にセットし、静電容量25μF、電圧1.5kV、抵抗値800Ωの条件で電気パルスをかけた。パルス後、キュベット内の菌液をNutrientBroth培地(DIFCO社製)で30℃、3時間振とう培養し、選択プレート(NutrientAgar培地(DIFCO社製)、カナマイシン100mg/L)で、30℃にて2日間培養して、生育してきた形質転換体pCUP2-trp-fadH/KNK005株、又は、pCUP2-trp-fadH/Cupriavidus necator H16株をそれぞれ取得した。
PHA産生微生物として、KNK-005株(米国特許第7384766号参照)を用いて、下記に示した方法で培養を順次実施した。
(培養工程)
菌株は次のように培養した。
種培地の組成は1%(w/v)Meat extract、1%(w/v)Bacto Trypton、0.2%(w/v)Yeast extract、0.9%(w/v)Na2HPO4・12H2O、0.15%(w/v)KH2PO4(pH6.8)、5x10-6%(w/v)カナマイシンとした。PHA生産培地の組成は、1.1%(w/v)Na2HPO4・12H2O、0.19%(w/v)KH2PO4、0.13%(w/v)(NH4)2SO4、0.1%(w/v)MgSO4・7H2O、0.1%(v/v)微量金属塩溶液(0.1N塩酸に1.6%(w/v)FeCl3・6H2O、1%(w/v)CaCl2・2H2O、0.02%(w/v)CoCl2・6H2O、0.016%(w/v)CuSO4・5H2O、0.012%(w/v)NiCl2・6H2Oを溶かしたもの)とした。
(前培養)
菌株を種培地10mlに接種し、培養温度30℃で17時間培養し、前培養液とした。
(本培養)
次に、50mlのPHA生産培地を入れた坂口フラスコに前培養液を1.0%(v/v)接種し、培養温度30℃で72時間振とう培養を行った。
炭素源の油脂としてそれぞれ表1に記載のヨウ素価のものを使用して培養を実施した。表2に、培養開始から24時間後、48時間後、及び72時間後に測定した培養液の濁度値(OD600)を示した。培養開始から72時間後に測定したPHA重量を、各比較例において、100重量%として示した。
PHA産生微生物として、製造例1で製造したpCUP2-trp-fadH/KNK005株を用いて、上記の比較例1~4と同じ方法で培養を順次実施した。
表2に、培養開始から24時間後、48時間後、及び72時間後に測定した培養液の濁度値(OD600)を示し、また、培養開始から72時間後に測定したPHA重量に基づいて、同じ油脂を用いて培養を行った比較例について測定したPHA重量に対する比率として算出したPHA生産性を示した。
尚、比較例1~4及び実施例1~4で各菌体が産生したPHAは、PHBHである。
また、実施例1は、比較例1よりも、PHA生産性が高く、PHAの生産速度が向上したことも分かる。
以上のことは、実施例2と比較例2の比較、実施例3と比較例3の比較、及び、実施例4と比較例4の比較においても同様である。
PHA産生微生物として、Cupriavidus necator H16株(Aaceli Flores-Sanchez., et al.,IJBM.,164:1600-1607(2020))を用いて、比較例1~4及び実施例1~4と同じ方法で培養を順次実施した。
炭素源の油脂としてそれぞれ表1に記載のヨウ素価のものを使用して培養を実施した。表3に、培養開始から24時間後、48時間後、及び72時間後に測定した培養液の濁度値(OD600)を示した。培養開始から72時間後に測定したPHA重量を、各比較例において、100重量%として示した。
PHA産生微生物として、製造例1で製造したpCUP2-trp-fadH/Cupriavidus necator H16株を用いて、比較例1~4及び実施例1~4と同じ方法で培養を順次実施した。
表3に、培養開始から24時間後、48時間後、及び72時間後に測定した培養液の濁度値(OD600)を示し、また、培養開始から72時間後に測定したPHA重量に基づいて、同じ油脂を用いて培養を行った比較例について測定したPHA重量に対する比率として算出したPHA生産性を示した。
尚、比較例5~8及び実施例5~8で各菌体が産生したPHAは、P(3HB)である。
また、実施例5は、比較例5よりも、PHA生産性が高く、PHAの生産速度が向上したことも分かる。
以上のことは、実施例6と比較例6の比較、実施例7と比較例7の比較、及び、実施例8と比較例8の比較においても同様である。
Claims (9)
- 炭素源の存在下で微生物を培養する工程を含む、微生物の培養方法であって、
前記微生物は、配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子、又は、前記アミノ酸配列と85%以上の配列同一性を示すアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子が導入された形質転換微生物であり、
前記炭素源は、不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含む油脂、又は、遊離不飽和脂肪酸を含有する、微生物の培養方法。 - 前記炭素源は、ヨウ素価が8以上である、請求項1に記載の微生物の培養方法。
- ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)合成酵素をコードする遺伝子を有し、かつ、
配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子、又は、前記アミノ酸配列と85%以上の配列同一性を示すアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする外来遺伝子が導入された、形質転換微生物。 - 宿主がカプリアビダス属に属する、請求項3に記載の形質転換微生物。
- 宿主がカプリアビダス・ネカトールである、請求項4に記載の形質転換微生物。
- 炭素源の存在下で、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)産生能を有する微生物を培養する工程を含む、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法であって、
前記微生物は、請求項3又は4に記載の形質転換微生物であり、
前記炭素源は、不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含む油脂、又は、遊離不飽和脂肪酸を含有する、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)の製造方法。 - 前記ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)は、少なくとも3-ヒドロキシブチレート単位を含む、請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ポリ(3-ヒドロキシアルカノエート)は、3-ヒドロキシブチレート単位の単独重合体、又は、3-ヒドロキシブチレート単位と他のヒドロキシアルカノエート単位との共重合体を含む、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記他のヒドロキシアルカノエート単位が、3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート単位である、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
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| US18/695,099 US20240417742A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | Method for culturing microorganism, transformed microorganism, and method for producing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) |
| EP22876375.1A EP4410955A4 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | METHOD FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISM, TRANSFORMED MICROORGANISM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLY(3-HYDROXYALKANOATE) |
| CN202280065718.1A CN118043446A (zh) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | 微生物的培养方法、转化微生物以及聚(3-羟基烷酸酯)的制造方法 |
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| WO2025173699A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-16 | 2025-08-21 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸生産用油脂の判定方法 |
| WO2025173698A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-16 | 2025-08-21 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸生産用油脂の判定方法 |
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| EP4410955A1 (en) | 2024-08-07 |
| CN118043446A (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
| JPWO2023054509A1 (ja) | 2023-04-06 |
| US20240417742A1 (en) | 2024-12-19 |
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