WO2023060896A1 - 充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质 - Google Patents

充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023060896A1
WO2023060896A1 PCT/CN2022/093862 CN2022093862W WO2023060896A1 WO 2023060896 A1 WO2023060896 A1 WO 2023060896A1 CN 2022093862 W CN2022093862 W CN 2022093862W WO 2023060896 A1 WO2023060896 A1 WO 2023060896A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
battery
circuit
charging device
pulse current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/093862
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
娄其栋
蔡金博
张伟
但志敏
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22757812.7A priority Critical patent/EP4195448A4/en
Priority to KR1020227029740A priority patent/KR20230054312A/ko
Priority to JP2022552161A priority patent/JP7660585B2/ja
Priority to US18/059,446 priority patent/US12614916B2/en
Publication of WO2023060896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023060896A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a charging device, a charging control method, a power management system and a storage medium.
  • the charging technology for new energy vehicles that has been put into use at present generally uses charging piles to quickly charge new energy vehicles, and most related technologies that use charging piles to quickly charge batteries include bidirectional pulse charging, but this method The charging and discharging capacity is limited, and super fast charging cannot be realized.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a charging device, a charging control method, a power management system and a storage medium, aiming to provide a bidirectional pulse charging method capable of realizing super fast charging.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a charging circuit, including a voltage stabilization control circuit, an output port, and an input port;
  • the voltage stabilization control circuit is connected to high-voltage alternating current through the input port and connected to the battery through the output port. It is used to convert high-voltage alternating current into low-voltage direct current, and charges the battery with positive pulse current in the first period, and negative pulse current in the second period. current to charge the battery;
  • the energy absorbing circuit connected in parallel with the charging circuit, is used to absorb negative pulse current.
  • the energy absorbing circuit is also used to shut down when the voltage stabilizing control circuit outputs a positive pulse current. This can ensure stable charging of the battery and avoid unnecessary consumption.
  • the energy absorbing circuit includes:
  • the first end of the dissipating device is connected to the first end of the charging circuit
  • the first switch is connected with the second end of the dissipation device and the second end of the charging circuit.
  • the energy absorbing circuit further includes:
  • a second switch the first end of the second switch is connected to the first end of the dissipation device, and the second end of the second switch is connected to the first end of the charging circuit.
  • a switching device is provided between the two connected terminals of the dissipating device and the charging circuit, which can prevent the switch from being damaged, ensure that the dissipating device is in an open circuit state when the battery is being charged forward, improve the charging stability of the battery, and reduce the charging device. Necessary energy loss.
  • the voltage stabilization control circuit includes:
  • the AC-DC module is connected to the input port
  • a DC-DC module the DC-DC module is connected with the AC-DC module and the output port.
  • the energy absorbing circuit is connected between the input port and the AC-DC module
  • the energy absorbing circuit is connected between the AC-DC module and the DC-DC module;
  • an energy absorbing circuit is connected between the DC-DC module and the output port.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a charging control method, the method is applied to the electric energy management system EMS, the EMS is connected to the charging device, the charging device is configured as the charging device in the first aspect, and the charging device is also connected to the battery, Methods include:
  • the charging device is controlled to charge the battery with a negative pulse current, and the energy absorbing circuit is controlled to absorb the negative pulse current.
  • the charging device When the number of times reaches the threshold, the charging device is controlled to charge the battery in one direction with a positive pulse current;
  • the step of: controlling the charging device to charge the battery with a positive pulse current in the first period of time is performed.
  • the method before controlling the charging device to charge the battery with a positive pulse current during the first period, the method further includes:
  • the charging device is controlled to charge the battery in one direction with positive pulse current
  • the step of: controlling the charging device to charge the battery with a positive pulse current in the first period of time is performed.
  • the battery can be charged under a corresponding strategy according to the supported charging strategy, thereby realizing accurate charging of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a power management system
  • the power management system includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instruction stored in the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the program or instruction is executed by the processor Implement the steps of the method as in the second aspect.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method in the second aspect are implemented.
  • an energy absorbing circuit is connected in parallel in the charging circuit of the charging device, wherein the voltage stabilization control circuit in the charging circuit charges the battery with a positive pulse current value during the first period; The battery is charged while the negative pulse current is absorbed by the energy absorbing circuit.
  • the reverse current is not absorbed by the grid, and the impact on the charge and discharge capacity of the battery can be reduced, thereby realizing a bidirectional Super fast charging with pulse charging technology.
  • Fig. 1 is the timing diagram of bidirectional pulse charging in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a charging device in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is another structural block diagram of the charging device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a charging device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another circuit structure of the charging device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a charging control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is another schematic flowchart of the charging control method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is another schematic flowchart of the charging control method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • charging device 10 charging circuit 11, energy absorption circuit 12, input port 111, voltage stabilization control circuit 112, output port 113, AC-DC module 1121, DC-DC module 1122, first switch S1, dissipation device R, the second switch S2, the battery 20 .
  • power batteries can be used as the main power source of electric devices (such as vehicles, ships or spacecraft, etc.), while energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • Metaphor As an example but not a limitation, in some application scenarios, the power battery may be a battery in a power consumption device, and the energy storage battery may be a battery in a charging device.
  • power batteries and energy storage batteries are collectively referred to as batteries hereinafter.
  • lithium batteries such as lithium-ion batteries or lithium-ion polymer batteries.
  • the battery is generally charged by continuous charging, and continuous charging of the battery will cause the phenomenon of lithium deposition and heat generation of the battery.
  • lithium deposition and heat generation will not only reduce the performance of the battery, The cycle life is greatly shortened, which also limits the fast charging capacity of the battery, and may cause catastrophic consequences such as combustion and explosion, causing serious safety problems.
  • the inventors of the present application have found that when using the bidirectional pulse charging method to charge the battery, for example, in an application scenario, the battery is installed in an electric device, such as a car, and the battery in the car is charged through a charging pile.
  • the battery outputs a negative pulse current, which passes through the charging device and is finally absorbed by the grid.
  • the energy brought by the negative pulse current exceeds the allowable range of the grid, it cannot be connected to the grid for discharge. Therefore, the charging and discharging capacity of bidirectional pulse charging technology is limited, making it impossible for the battery to achieve super fast charging.
  • this application proposes a charging device, a charging control method, a power management system, and a storage medium.
  • a charging circuit is provided in the charging device, wherein the charging circuit can convert high-voltage alternating current into low-voltage direct current, and in the first period The battery is charged with a positive pulse current, and the battery is charged with a negative pulse current in the second period, thereby realizing bidirectional pulse charging of the battery.
  • An energy absorption circuit is also installed in parallel on the charging circuit, and when the voltage stabilization control circuit charges the battery with a negative pulse current, the energy absorption circuit can absorb the reverse current of the negative pulse charging of the battery, and the reverse current is not absorbed by the grid , There will be no situation where grid-connected discharge cannot be performed, that is, the charge and discharge capacity of the battery will not be affected. In this way, super fast charging based on bidirectional pulse charging technology can be realized, thereby eliminating the risk of lithium deposition in the battery that may be caused by continuous high-current charging of the battery.
  • the above-mentioned charging device can charge an electric device with a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device may be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • the charging device may be a charging pile, a charging gun, a charging cabinet, and the like.
  • the charging device 10 may include a charging circuit 11 and an energy absorbing circuit 12 .
  • the charging circuit 11 may include a voltage stabilization control circuit 112 , an output port 113 and an input port 111 .
  • the voltage stabilizing control circuit 112 can be connected to high-voltage alternating current through the input port 111 , that is, the input port 111 is a port for connecting the charging device 10 to a power grid providing high-voltage alternating current.
  • the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 can also be connected to the battery 20 via an output port 113 .
  • the output port 113 can be a plug port on a charging gun that is compatible with the charging port of the battery 20 .
  • the voltage stabilizing control circuit 112 can be used to convert high-voltage alternating current into low-voltage direct current, charge the battery 20 with positive pulse current in the first period, and charge the battery 20 with negative pulse current in the second period.
  • the energy absorbing circuit 12 can be connected in parallel with the charging circuit 11, and the energy absorbing circuit 12 can be used to absorb negative pulse current.
  • the energy absorption circuit 12 is connected in parallel to the charging circuit 11 of the charging device 10, wherein the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 in the charging circuit 11 charges the battery 20 with a positive pulse current value during the first period;
  • the battery 20 is charged with a negative pulse current value, and at this time, the negative pulse current is absorbed by the energy absorbing circuit 12 .
  • the reverse current is not absorbed by the grid, and the impact on the charge and discharge capacity of the battery 20 can be reduced, thereby enabling Realize super fast charging based on bidirectional pulse charging technology.
  • the charging circuit 11 is also called the basic charging main circuit, which can refer to the circuit in the charging device 10 that finally makes the grid-charging device 10-battery 20 form a complete charging and discharging process after the charging device 10 is connected to the grid and the battery 20 .
  • the grid can provide high-voltage alternating current
  • the charging device 10 can mainly process the high-voltage alternating current through the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 in the charging circuit 11, for example, according to the power that can be provided by the assembled grid and the battery 20 The required power is distributed, and an adapted and stable low-voltage direct current is finally provided to the battery 20 .
  • the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 alternately charges the battery 20 with positive and negative pulse currents, and the direction of the current changes periodically. That is, between the two time sequences of charging the battery 20 with a positive pulse current, there is a process of charging the battery 20 with a negative pulse current, or in other words, a discharge phase of the battery 20 .
  • the first period may be longer than the second period, for example, the second period is 2 seconds, and the first period when the low-voltage direct current is output with positive pulse current for the first time is 5 seconds.
  • the first period of time and the second period of time in the subsequent implementation of bidirectional pulse charging may correspond to the same or may correspond to inconsistency, which is specifically set according to actual needs.
  • the magnitude of the positive pulse current can be the same as that of the negative pulse current, or it can be different.
  • the charging device 10 charges the battery 20 in a bidirectional pulse charging mode
  • the current output by the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 is a negative pulse current
  • the energy absorbing circuit 12 connected in parallel on the charging circuit 11 will function function to absorb the discharge energy from the battery 20.
  • the energy absorption circuit 12 may be an additional consumption unit added to the charging circuit 11, or other modules capable of energy absorption, or other electrical equipment.
  • the energy absorption circuit 12 can absorb the energy brought by the negative pulse current. Its core absorption principle is to convert electric energy into other energy consumption. For example, energy consumption can be realized through dissipation. Light energy, mechanical energy, electromagnetic energy, etc., and the dissipation method can be a single energy or a combination of multiple energies.
  • the energy absorbing circuit 12 may be a single or multiple power resistors.
  • the bidirectional pulse charging method can be carried out normally, and the reverse pulse current is prevented from being provided to the high voltage side of the high-voltage alternating current, such as grid absorption, which will not affect the charge and discharge capacity of the battery 20, thereby being able to support bidirectional pulse charging. Realize super fast charging under normal circumstances, reduce the phenomenon of lithium precipitation caused by continuous charging, and increase the life of the battery by 20 years.
  • the energy absorbing circuit 12 can also output a positive voltage to the stabilizing control circuit 112. Shutdown during pulse current.
  • control setting of the switch element can be used to directly absorb the negative pulse energy of the discharge when the battery 20 is discharged, and when the battery 20 is charged with a positive pulse current, the energy absorption circuit 12 is turned off to make the energy The snubber circuit 12 is in a bypass state. In this way, stable charging of the battery 20 can be ensured, and unnecessary consumption can be avoided.
  • the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 may include AC-DC (Alternating Current-Direct Current, AC- Direct current) module 1121 and DC-DC (Direct Current-Direct Current, direct current-direct current) module 1122.
  • the AC-DC module 1121 may be connected with the input port 111 .
  • the DC-DC module 1122 may be connected with the AC-DC module 1121 and the output port 113 .
  • the AC-DC module 1121 may be an AC-DC conversion bidirectional inverter, so that the AC power provided by the grid is converted into DC power through the AC-DC module 1121 to charge the battery 20 .
  • the DC-DC module 1122 can include a single or multiple DC-DC units, which can convert AC-DC high-voltage direct current into low-voltage direct current for charging the battery 20. While realizing voltage conversion, it can also provide the battery 20 and the high-voltage side. Electrical safety isolation helps to provide stable power to the battery 20 .
  • the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 charges the battery 20 with a positive pulse current
  • the high-voltage alternating current charges the battery 20 through the AC/DC module 1121; while charging the battery 20 with a negative pulse current, the AC/DC module 1121 is turned off.
  • the path of the negative pulse current flowing to the input port 111 is blocked, that is, the grid cannot receive the discharge current of the battery 20 .
  • the energy absorbing circuit 12 activates and absorbs the negative pulse current.
  • connection position of the above-mentioned energy absorbing circuit 12 can be set according to actual needs, as long as it is connected in parallel in the charging circuit 11, and can realize Absorption of negative pulse current is sufficient.
  • the energy absorption circuit 12 may be connected between the input port 111 and the AC-DC module 1121 .
  • the energy absorbing circuit 12 may be connected between the AC-DC module 1121 and the DC-DC module 1122 ; or, the energy absorbing circuit 12 may also be connected between the DC-DC module 1122 and the output port 113 .
  • the DC-DC module 1122 may also be provided with a series switch and a parallel switch, so that flexible series-parallel control of multiple DC-DC units can be realized, so that the charging device 10 can be connected according to the series switch and the second parallel switch.
  • the adjustment of the switch provides the battery 20 with a variety of charging services with different voltage specifications, which improves the service selectivity of the charging device 10 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an optional circuit structure of the charging device 10 , especially a schematic diagram of an optional circuit structure of the energy absorbing circuit 12 .
  • the energy absorbing circuit 12 comprises a dissipating device R and a first switch S1.
  • the first end of the dissipation device R may be connected to the first end of the charging circuit 11 .
  • the first switch S1 may be connected with the second terminal of the dissipation device R and the second terminal of the charging circuit 11 .
  • the dissipating device R may be a single or multiple resistors connected in series, such as a power resistor, or may be a high-power electrical device.
  • the first switch S1 may be a mechanical switch, an electronic switch or other devices with a switching function, and the first switch S1 may also be integrated in the voltage stabilization control circuit 112. The device realizes the control.
  • the first switch S1 is integrated in the voltage stabilizing control circuit 112
  • the DC module 1121 prevents the energy brought by the reverse discharge of the battery 20 from being transmitted from the DC side to the AC side, thereby avoiding impact on the power grid that provides high-voltage AC power.
  • an optional circuit structure of the energy absorbing circuit 12 is provided, and the flexible activation of the energy absorbing circuit 12 is realized.
  • the energy absorption circuit 12 may further include a second switch S2, the first end of the second switch S2 may be connected to the first end of the dissipation device R, and the second switch S2 may be connected to the first end of the dissipation device R.
  • the second terminal of the second switch S2 can be connected with the first terminal of the charging circuit 11 .
  • both the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 can be turned on when the voltage stabilization control circuit 112 charges the battery 20 with a negative pulse current, that is, when the battery 20 is in a reverse discharge state, so that the energy absorbing circuit 12
  • the dissipative device R in can directly absorb the discharge energy brought by the reverse discharge.
  • both the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are turned off, so that the energy absorbing circuit 12 is turned off and is in a bypass state.
  • a switching device is provided between the two connected terminals of the dissipating device R and the charging circuit 11, which can prevent the switch from being damaged, ensure that the dissipating device R is in an open state when the battery 20 is being charged forward, and improve the charging stability of the battery 20. , reducing unnecessary energy loss of the charging device 10 .
  • a cooling unit may also be provided in the charging device 10 .
  • Corresponding heat dissipation measures can be selected according to the actual application power and heat dissipation environment, including but not limited to water cooling and air cooling.
  • the charging control method may include the following steps:
  • the power management system controls the charging device to charge the battery with a positive pulse current during the first period
  • the electric energy management system controls the charging device to charge the battery with a negative pulse current during the second period, and controls the energy absorbing circuit to absorb the negative pulse current.
  • the charging device in S610 and S620 refer to the embodiments shown in the aforementioned Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 .
  • the energy management system (Energy Management System, EMS) can be electrically connected with the charging device, and the charging device and the power management system constitute the charging system.
  • the power management system can be used as the control processor of the charging device strategy, and also enables the charging device to communicate and interact with the outside world by means of the power management system.
  • the power management system can be set inside the charging device, or can be set separately outside the charging device to control the charging device.
  • the charging device can also be equipped with an auxiliary source system to provide basic power for the control of the power management system.
  • the power management system controls the voltage stabilization control circuit to charge the battery with a positive pulse current value in the first period; controls the voltage stabilization control circuit to charge the battery with a negative pulse current value in the second period, and at this time
  • the power management system also controls the energy absorbing circuit to absorb negative pulse current. In this way, when charging the battery with a negative pulse current, by absorbing the reverse current of the negative pulse charging of the battery, the reverse current is not absorbed by the grid, and the impact on the charge and discharge capacity of the battery can be reduced, thereby realizing a bidirectional Super fast charging with pulse charging technology.
  • the power management system obtains the charging times of negative pulse current of the charging device
  • the electric energy management system judges whether the number of negative pulse current charging reaches the threshold; if yes, execute S730; if not, return to S610;
  • the power management system controls the charging device to charge the battery in one direction with a positive pulse current.
  • the number of negative pulse current charging times is counted, that is, the accumulated execution times of battery reverse discharge are obtained.
  • excessive reverse discharge will affect the charging effect of the battery.
  • the limited number of bidirectional pulse charging can prevent the battery from decomposing lithium to the greatest effect, and at the same time ensure the fast charging of the battery.
  • a threshold is set, and the threshold is compared with the number of negative pulse current charging to help realize the flexible combination of unidirectional charging (that is, continuously charging the battery with positive pulse current) and bidirectional pulse charging.
  • the power management system is connected to the battery
  • the power management system judges whether the battery supports the negative pulse charging strategy; if not, execute S830; if yes, execute step S610.
  • connection with the battery may refer to the communication connection between the power management system and the battery, and the communication connection may be realized after the output port in the charging device is connected to the external battery before the battery is charged.
  • the power management system can obtain the parameter information of the battery according to the communication protocol, determine the charging strategy supported by the battery through the parameter information, and charge the battery under the corresponding strategy according to the supported charging strategy, thus realizing the precise charging of the battery.
  • the power management system communicates with the battery, and the charging system can perform charging self-test according to the standard charging and discharging protocol. After the charging self-test is passed, the power management system confirms the current battery status according to the battery communication protocol, and can also determine whether the battery supports negative pulse charging (whether it supports bidirectional pulse charging) according to the parameter information obtained from the communication protocol.
  • the power management system will issue charging instructions to each module in the voltage stabilization control circuit and the energy absorption circuit. Current amplitude and pulse width.
  • the AC/DC module in the voltage stabilization control circuit receives the charging command issued by the power management system, and can convert the high-voltage AC voltage of the power grid into a predetermined DC voltage and forward pulse current according to the set value in the charging command. Furthermore, after stepping down and/or electrically isolating through the DC-DC module, the external battery is charged.
  • the power management system and the AC/DC module jointly confirm that the current forward charging time reaches the policy setting value (for example, the first period), the power management system controls the AC/DC module to shut down and stop output through communication. At this time, the energy absorption circuit is connected Then the power management system requires the DC/DC module to reversely discharge the battery according to the policy requirements, and the voltage regulation control circuit charges the battery with a negative pulse current. The energy absorbing circuit absorbs the negative pulse current.
  • the power management system and the DC/DC module jointly confirm whether the current reverse discharge time reaches the policy setting value (such as the second period), that is, the reverse time requirement is met, the power management system controls the energy absorption circuit to disconnect through communication, and the AC/ The DC module turns on the output again and continues to charge the battery according to the charging command.
  • the policy setting value such as the second period
  • the charging system When the power management system, or the power management system and the battery jointly confirm whether the number of negative pulse current charging reaches the threshold, or the battery does not support bidirectional pulse charging, the charging system enters the conventional unidirectional charging mode.
  • the power management system and the battery can also monitor key parameters of the battery and the entire charging system in real time.
  • Exemplary key parameters can include at least one of battery power, cell voltage, temperature, and the status of components in the charging device. Failure, that is, termination of charging.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the power management system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power management system may include a processor 901 and a memory 902 storing computer program instructions.
  • the processor 901 may include a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or may be configured to implement one or more integrated circuits in the embodiments of the present application.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • Memory 902 may include mass storage for data or instructions.
  • memory 902 may include a hard disk drive (Hard Disk Drive, HDD), a floppy disk drive, a flash memory, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus, USB) drive or two or more Combinations of multiple of the above.
  • Storage 902 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate. Under appropriate circumstances, the storage 902 can be inside or outside the comprehensive gateway disaster recovery device.
  • memory 902 is a non-volatile solid-state memory.
  • Memory 902 may include read only memory (ROM), flash memory devices, random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media devices, optical storage media devices, electrical, optical, or other physical/tangible memory storage devices.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • magnetic disk storage media devices e.g., magnetic disks
  • optical storage media devices e.g., electrical, optical, or other physical/tangible memory storage devices.
  • memory 902 includes one or more tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory devices) encoded with software comprising computer-executable instructions, and when the software is executed (e.g., by a or a plurality of processors) operable to perform the operations described with reference to the method according to the above aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the processor 901 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 902 to implement any charging control method in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the power management system may further include a communication interface 903 and a bus 910 .
  • a communication interface 903 and a bus 910 .
  • a processor 901 a memory 902 , and a communication interface 903 are connected through a bus 910 to complete mutual communication.
  • the communication interface 903 is mainly used to realize the communication between various modules, devices, units and/or devices in the embodiments of the present application.
  • Bus 910 includes hardware, software, or both, and couples the components of the power management system to each other.
  • the bus may include Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus, Infiniband Interconnect, Low Pin Count (LPC) Bus, Memory Bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) Bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus, PCI-Express (PCI-X) Bus, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus or other suitable bus or a combination of two or more of these.
  • Bus 910 may comprise one or more buses, where appropriate. Although the embodiments of this application describe and illustrate a particular bus, this application contemplates any suitable bus or interconnect.
  • the power management system may be based on a charging control method, so as to implement the charging control method described in conjunction with FIGS. 6 to 8 .
  • the embodiments of the present application may provide a computer storage medium for implementation.
  • Computer program instructions are stored on the computer storage medium; when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, any charging control method in the above-mentioned embodiments is implemented.
  • Examples of computer storage media include tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage media such as electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, and the like.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质。该充电装置包括：充电回路，包括稳压控制电路、输出端口和输入端口；稳压控制电路，经输入端口接入高压交流电，经输出端口与电池连接，用于将高压交流电转换为低压直流电，并在第一时段以正脉冲电流向电池充电，在第二时段以负脉冲电流向电池充电；能量吸收电路，与充电回路并联，用于吸收负脉冲电流。

Description

充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年10月14日提交的名称为“充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质”的中国专利申请202111198511.5的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质。
背景技术
近年来，新能源汽车以其高的能量转换率，舒适的驾驶体验及温室气体的零排放等优点在全球范围内得到了长足的发展，而衡量新能源汽车性能的一个重要标准就是可充电电池的充电时间，更短的充电时间可以极大提升新能源汽车的使用体验。
目前已投放使用的新能源汽车的充电技术一般采用充电桩对新能源汽车进行快速充电，而大多数使用充电桩对电池进行快速充电的相关技术中，包括有双向脉冲充电方式，但该方式的充放电容量受限，无法实现超级快充。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的是提供一种充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质，旨在提供一种能够实现超级快充的双向脉冲充电方式。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种充电回路，包括稳压控制电路、输出端口和输入端口；
稳压控制电路，经输入端口接入高压交流电，经输出端口与电池连接，用于将高压交流电转换为低压直流电，并在第一时段以正脉冲电流向电池充电，在第二时段以负脉冲电流向电池充电；
能量吸收电路，与充电回路并联，用于吸收负脉冲电流。
如此设置，在以负脉冲电流向电池充电时，通过吸收电池负脉冲充电的反向电流，该反向电流未被电网吸收，能够降低对电池的充放电容量的影响，由此能够实现 基于双向脉冲充电技术的超级快速充电。
在一种可选的实施方式中，能量吸收电路，还用于在稳压控制电路输出正脉冲电流时关断。由此能够保证电池稳定充电，避免引起不必要的消耗。
在另一种可选的实施方式中，能量吸收电路包括：
耗散器件，耗散器件的第一端与充电回路的第一端连接；
第一开关，与耗散器件的第二端和充电回路的第二端连接。
由此提供了能量吸收电路的可选电路结构，实现了能量吸收电路的灵活启用。
在又一种可选的实施方式中，能量吸收电路还包括：
第二开关，第二开关的第一端与耗散器件的第一端连接，第二开关的第二端与充电回路的第一端连接。
由此在耗散器件与充电回路两个连接的端点之间均设置开关器件，能够防止开关损坏，保证耗散器件在电池正向充电时处于开路状态，提高电池充电稳定性，减少充电装置不必要的能量损耗。
在再一种可选的实施方式中，稳压控制电路包括：
AC-DC模块，AC-DC模块与输入端口连接；
DC-DC模块，DC-DC模块与AC-DC模块和输出端口连接。
由此在实现电压变换的同时，还能提供电池与高压侧的电气安全隔离，帮助向电池稳定供电。
在再一种可选的实施方式中，能量吸收电路连接在输入端口与AC-DC模块之间；
或者，能量吸收电路连接在AC-DC模块与DC-DC模块之间；
或者，能量吸收电路连接在DC-DC模块与输出端口之间。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种充电控制方法，方法应用于电能管理系统EMS，EMS与充电装置连接，充电装置被配置为如第一方面的充电装置，充电装置还与电池连接，方法包括：
在第一时段控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池充电；
在第二时段控制充电装置以负脉冲电流向电池充电，并控制能量吸收电路吸收负脉冲电流。
如此设置，在以负脉冲电流向电池充电时，通过吸收电池负脉冲充电的反向电流，该反向电流未被电网吸收，能够降低对电池的充放电容量的影响，由此能够实现基于双向脉冲充电技术的超级快充。
在一种可选的实施方式中，控制能量吸收电路吸收负脉冲电流之后，还包括：
获取充电装置的负脉冲电流充电次数；
在次数达到阈值时，控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池单向充电；
在次数未达到阈值时，执行步骤：在第一时段控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池充电。
由此能够帮助实现单向充电(即持续以正向脉冲电流向电池充电)和双向脉冲充电方式的灵活组合。
在另一种可选的实施方式中，在第一时段控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池充电之前，方法还包括：
与电池连接；
在电池不支持负脉冲充电策略时，控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池单向充电；
在电池支持负脉冲充电策略时，执行步骤：在第一时段控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池充电。
由此能够按照可支持充电策略对电池进行对应策略下的充电，实现了对电池的精准充电。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电能管理系统，该电能管理系统包括处理器、存储器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的程序或指令，程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如第二方面的方法的步骤。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种可读存储介质，可读存储介质上存储程序或指令，程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如第二方面的方法的步骤。
在本申请实施例中，在充电装置的充电回路并联能量吸收电路，其中充电回路中的稳压控制电路在第一时段以正脉冲电流值向电池充电；在第二时段以负脉冲电流值向电池充电，而此时由能量吸收电路吸收负脉冲电流。如此设置，在以负脉冲电流向电池充电时，通过吸收电池负脉冲充电的反向电流，该反向电流未被电网吸收，能够降低对电池的充放电容量的影响，由此能够实现基于双向脉冲充电技术的超级快速充电。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造 性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例中双向脉冲充电的时序图；
图2是本申请实施例中充电装置的一种结构框图；
图3是本申请实施例中充电装置的另一种结构框图；
图4是本申请实施例中充电装置的一种电路结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例中充电装置的另一种电路结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的一种流程示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的另一种流程示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的充电控制方法的又一种流程示意图；
图9是本申请实施例中提供的电子设备的硬件结构示意图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：充电装置10，充电回路11，能量吸收电路12，输入端口111，稳压控制电路112，输出端口113，AC-DC模块1121，DC-DC模块1122，第一开关S1，耗散器件R，第二开关S2，电池20。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在新能源领域中，动力电池可作为用电装置(例如车辆、船舶或航天器等)的主要动力源，而储能电池可作为用电装置的充电来源，二者的重要性均不言而喻。作为示例而非限定，在一些应用场景中，动力电池可为用电装置中的电池，储能电池可为充电装置中的电池。为了便于描述，在下文中，动力电池和储能电池均可统称为电池。
目前，市面上的电池多为可充电的蓄电池，最常见的是锂电池，例如锂离子电池或锂离子聚合物电池等等。在充电过程中，一般采用持续充电的方式对电池进行充电，而对电池进行持续充电会造成电池的析锂、发热等现象的发生，其中，析锂、发热等现象不仅会使电池性能下降，循环寿命大幅缩短，还限制了电池的快充容量，并有可能引起燃烧、爆炸等灾难性后果，造成严重的安全问题。
为此，出现了双向脉冲充电方式，参考图1，即在给电池充电时，间断地对电池进行脉冲放电，或者说，以负脉冲电流对电池进行充电。理论上，在以正脉冲电流给电池充电时，蓄电池中产生的极化电压会阻碍其本身的充电；当停止充电时，电阻极化消失，浓差极化和电化学极化亦逐渐减弱。而如果为蓄电池提供一条放电通道让其输出反向脉冲电流，则电化学极化将迅速消失，同时蓄电池内温度也因放电而降低。
因此，通过设置双向脉冲充电方式，在蓄电池充电过程中，适时地暂停向电池输出正向脉冲电流，并且适当地加入负向脉冲电流，就可迅速而有效地消除各种极化电压，从而提高充电速度，减少析锂、发热等现象的发生。
但本申请的发明人发现在使用双向脉冲充电方式对电池进行充电时，例如在一应用场景中，电池设置于用电装置，例如汽车内，通过充电 桩对该汽车中的电池进行充电时，电池输出负脉冲电流，负脉冲电流经过充电装置，最终由电网吸收。当负脉冲电流带来的能量超过电网允许范围时无法并网放电。因此双向脉冲充电技术充放电容量受限，使电池无法实现超级快充。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请提出一种充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质，在充电装置中设置充电回路，其中充电回路可以将高压交流电转换为低压直流电，并在第一时段以正脉冲电流向电池充电，在第二时段以负脉冲电流向电池充电，由此实现对电池的双向脉冲充电。在充电回路上还并联设置有能量吸收电路，而该能量吸收电路在稳压控制电路以负脉冲电流向电池充电时，可以吸收电池负脉冲充电的反向电流，该反向电流未被电网吸收，不会出现无法并网放电的情况，也即不影响电池的充放电容量。由此能够实现基于双向脉冲充电技术的超级快充，进而消除持续大电流对电池充电所可能导致电池析锂等的风险。
需要说明的是，上述提及的一种充电装置，可以对电池作为动力源的用电装置进行充电。其中用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。充电装置可以为充电桩、充电枪、充电柜等等。
参看图2，在一些实施例中，该充电装置10可以包括充电回路11和能量吸收电路12。其中充电回路11可以包括稳压控制电路112、输出端口113和输入端口111。
其中，稳压控制电路112可以经输入端口111接入高压交流电，即该输入端口111是充电装置10与提供高压交流电的电网相连接的端口。稳压控制电路112还可以经输出端口113与电池20连接，示例性的，该输出端口113可以是充电枪上，与电池20充电接口适配的插接口。
该稳压控制电路112可以用于将高压交流电转换为低压直流电，并在第一时段以正脉冲电流向电池20充电，在第二时段以负脉冲电流向电池20充电。
能量吸收电路12可以与充电回路11并联，该能量吸收电路12可以用于吸收负脉冲电流。
在本申请实施例中，在充电装置10的充电回路11并联能量吸收电路12，其中充电回路11中的稳压控制电路112在第一时段以正脉冲电流值向电池20充电；在第二时段以负脉冲电流值向电池20充电，而此时由能量吸收电路12吸收负脉冲电流。如此设置，在以负脉冲电流向电池20充电时，通过吸收电池20负脉冲充电的反向电流，该反向电流未被电网吸收，能够降低对电池20的充放电容量的影响，由此能够实现基于双向脉冲充电技术的超级快充。
其中，充电回路11又称为基础充电主回路，其可以指充电装置10在连接有电网和电池20后，充电装置10中最终使得电网-充电装置10-电池20形成完整充放电过程的线路。
具体来说，在该实施例中，电网可以提供高压交流电，充电装置10主要可以通过充电回路11中的稳压控制电路112对高压交流电进行处理，例如，按照装配电网可提供的功率以及电池20需求功率进行功率分配，最终向电池20提供适配的稳定低压直流电。
在电网向电池20提供稳定低压直流电的过程中，其是按照双向脉冲充电方式对电池20进行供电。请一并参看图1和图2，稳压控制电路112交替以正、负脉冲电流向电池20充电，电流方向呈周期性变化。即在两段以正脉冲电流向电池20充电的时序之间，设置有以负脉冲电流对电池20进行充电的过程，或者说设置有电池20放电阶段。
结合图1所示，在一可选示例中，该第一时段可以大于第二时段，例如第二时段为2秒，首次以正脉冲电流输出低压直流电时的第一时段为5秒。还需要说明的是，后续实现双向脉冲充电时的第一时段和第二时段可以对应一致，也可以对应不一致，具体根据实际需要进行设置。正脉冲电流的大小可以与负脉冲电流的大小一致，也可以不一致。
在充电装置10以双向脉冲充电方式向电池20充电时，当电池20放电，使稳压控制电路112输出的电流为负向脉冲电流，此时并联在充电回路11上的能量吸收电路12发挥功能作用，吸收来自电池20的放电能量。
该能量吸收电路12可以是在充电回路11上额外增加的消耗单元， 或者其他能实现能量吸收的模块，还可以是其他用电设备。能量吸收电路12能够吸收负向脉冲电流所带来的能量，其核心吸收原理是将电能转化为其他能量消耗掉，例如可以通过耗散方式实现能量消耗，上述其他能量的表现形式不限于热能、光能、机械能、电磁能等等，且耗散方式可为单种能量或多种能量集合消耗。示例性的，该能量吸收电路12可以为单个或多个功率电阻。
通过能量耗散使得双向脉冲充电方式得以正常进行，防止反向脉冲电流被提供至高压交流电的高压侧，例如电网吸收，不会影响电池20的充放电容量，由此能够在支持双向脉冲充电的情况下实现超级快充，减少持续充电带来的析锂现象，提升电池20寿命。
为了在稳压控制电路112以正向脉冲电流对电池20充电时，减少能量吸收电路12引起的不必要消耗，保证电池20稳定充电，该能量吸收电路12还可以在稳压控制电路112输出正脉冲电流时关断。
在一可选示例中，可以通过开关元件的控制设置，实现在电池20放电时直接吸收放电的负向脉冲能量，在电池20以正向脉冲电流充电时，关断能量吸收电路12，使能量吸收电路12处于旁路状态。由此能够保证电池20稳定充电，避免引起不必要的消耗。
在另一可选示例中，为了使稳压控制电路112提供完备的功能，请一并参看图2和图3，该稳压控制电路112可以包括AC-DC(Alternating Current-Direct Current，交流-直流)模块1121和DC-DC(Direct Current-Direct Current，直流-直流)模块1122。AC-DC模块1121可以与输入端口111连接。DC-DC模块1122可以与AC-DC模块1121和输出端口113连接。
其中，AC-DC模块1121可以为交直流转换双向逆变器，使电网提供的交流电经由AC-DC模块1121转换为直流电，向电池20充电。
DC-DC模块1122可以包括有单个或多个DC-DC单元，能够将AC-DC的高压直流转换为低压直流供给电池20充电，在实现电压变换的同时，还能提供电池20与高压侧的电气安全隔离，帮助向电池20稳定供电。
需要说明的是，稳压控制电路112以正脉冲电流向电池20充电 时，高压交流电通过AC/DC模块1121向电池20充电；而以负脉冲电流向电池20充电时，AC/DC模块1121关闭输出，此时负脉冲电流流至输入端口111的途径被阻断，即电网无法接收到电池20的放电电流。能量吸收电路12启用并吸收该负脉冲电流。
基于稳压控制电路112所提供的AC-DC模块1121和DC-DC模块1122连接结构，上述能量吸收电路12的连接位置可以根据实际需要进行设置，只要并联在该充电回路11中，且可以实现负脉冲电流的吸收即可。
示例性的，能量吸收电路12可以连接在输入端口111与AC-DC模块1121之间。或者，能量吸收电路12可以连接在AC-DC模块1121与DC-DC模块1122之间；或者，能量吸收电路12还可以连接在DC-DC模块1122与输出端口113之间。
还需要说明的是，DC-DC模块1122中还可以设置有串联开关、并联开关，由此能够实现多个DC-DC单元的灵活串并联控制，使充电装置10能够依据串联开关和第二并联开关的调整，为电池20提供多种不同电压规格的充电服务，提高了充电装置10的服务可选择性。
请一并参看图2和图4，其中图4示出了充电装置10的一种可选的电路结构示意图，特别其中示出了能量吸收电路12的可选电路结构示意图。在该可选示例中，能量吸收电路12包括耗散器件R和第一开关S1。
耗散器件R的第一端可以与充电回路11的第一端连接。第一开关S1可以与耗散器件R的第二端和充电回路11的第二端连接。
示例性的，耗散器件R可以是单个或多个串联的电阻，例如功率电阻，还可以是大功率用电设备。
示例性的，第一开关S1可以是机械开关，电子开关或者其他具有开关功能的设备，第一开关S1也可以集成在稳压控制电路112内，由稳压控制电路112中原本的具有开关功能的器件实现控制。
还需要说明的是，当将第一开关S1集成在稳压控制电路112内时，还可以在以负向脉冲电流输出时，关闭稳压控制电路112原本交流转直流电的功能，即关闭AC-DC模块1121，避免电池20反向放电所带来的 能量从直流侧传输至交流侧，进而避免对提供高压交流电的电网产生冲击。
由此在该示例中，提供了能量吸收电路12的可选电路结构，实现了能量吸收电路12的灵活启用。
在此基础上，请一并参看图2和图5，能量吸收电路12中还可以包括第二开关S2，该第二开关S2的第一端可以与耗散器件R的第一端连接，第二开关S2的第二端可以与充电回路11的第一端连接。
即在能量吸收电路12中设置有两个可以切换状态的开关，该第二开关S2的类型设置可以与第一开关S1相同或者相似，在此不过多赘述。需要说明的是，该第一开关S1和第二开关S2均可以在稳压控制电路112以负向脉冲电流向电池20充电，即电池20处于反向放电状态时导通，使能量吸收电路12中的耗散器件R能够直接吸收反向放电所带来的放电能量。而在稳压控制电路112以正向脉冲电流向电池20充电时，第一开关S1和第二开关S2均切断，使能量吸收电路12关断，处于旁路状态。
由此在耗散器件R与充电回路11两个连接的端点之间均设置开关器件，能够防止开关损坏，保证耗散器件R在电池20正向充电时处于开路状态，提高电池20充电稳定性，减少充电装置10不必要的能量损耗。
在又一可选示例中，由于能量吸收电路12需要实现负脉冲电流吸收，且充电装置10在充电过程会产生大量热量损耗，还可以在充电装置10中设置散热机组单元。可以根据实际应用的功率及散热环境等，选取相应的散热措施，包括但不限于水冷散热、风冷散热等。
基于上述图2至图5所示的充电装置的可选结构，参看图6，在本申请所提供的充电控制方法的一实施例中，该充电控制方法可以包括以下步骤：
S610，电能管理系统在第一时段控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池充电；
S620，电能管理系统在第二时段控制充电装置以负脉冲电流向电池充电，并控制能量吸收电路吸收负脉冲电流。
需要说明的是，S610和S620中充电装置参考前述图1至图5所示 的实施例。而其中的电能管理系统(Energy Management System，EMS)可以与充电装置电连接，充电装置与电能管理系统构成了充电系统。该电能管理系统可以作为充电装置策略的控制处理方，也使得充电装置能够借助电能管理系统与外界进行通讯交互。
此外，电能管理系统可以设置在充电装置内，也可以单独设置在充电装置外，用于对充电装置实现控制。当电能管理系统设置在充电装置内时，充电装置还可以设置辅源系统，为电能管理系统的控制提供基础电能。
在本申请实施例中，通过电能管理系统控制稳压控制电路在第一时段以正脉冲电流值向电池充电；在第二时段控制稳压控制电路以负脉冲电流值向电池充电，而此时电能管理系统还控制能量吸收电路吸收负脉冲电流。如此设置，在以负脉冲电流向电池充电时，通过吸收电池负脉冲充电的反向电流，该反向电流未被电网吸收，能够降低对电池的充放电容量的影响，由此能够实现基于双向脉冲充电技术的超级快充。
参看图7，在充电控制方法另一可选示例中，除S610和S620以外，在执行S620以后，还包括：
S710，电能管理系统获取充电装置的负脉冲电流充电次数；
S720，电能管理系统判断负脉冲电流充电次数是否达到阈值；若是，则执行S730；若否，则返回S610；
S730，电能管理系统控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池单向充电。
需要说明的是，在本实施例实现电池充电的过程中，统计有负脉冲电流充电次数，即获取到了电池反向放电的累计执行次数。但过多的反向放电会影响电池充电效果，通过有限次的双向脉冲充电方式能够最大效用地防止电池析锂现象，同时保证电池快充。
基于此设置有阈值，将阈值和负脉冲电流充电次数进行比较，帮助实现单向充电(即持续以正向脉冲电流向电池充电)和双向脉冲充电方式的灵活组合。
参看图8，在充电控制方法的又一可选示例实例中，除S610和 S620以外，在执行S610以前，还包括：
S810，电能管理系统与电池连接；
S820，电能管理系统判断电池是否支持负脉冲充电策略；若否，则执行S830；若是，则执行步骤S610。
S830，控制充电装置以正脉冲电流向电池单向充电。
其中，与电池连接可以指电能管理系统与电池实现通讯连接，该通讯连接可以是在电池充电之前，在充电装置中的输出端口与外部电池连接之后实现的。
电能管理系统可以根据通信协议获取电池的参数信息，通过参数信息确定电池可支持的充电策略，并按照可支持充电策略对电池进行对应策略下的充电，实现了对电池的精准充电。
以下参考图6至图8对充电装置和电能管理系统构成的充电系统的可选充电控制过程进行说明。
在充电装置中的输出端口与电池连接后，电能管理系统与电池通讯连接，充电系统可以按照标准充放电协议进行充电自检。在充电自检通过后，电能管理系统根据电池的通信协议确认当前电池状态，还可以根据通信协议获得的参数信息确定该电池是否支持负脉冲充电(是否支持双向脉冲充电方式)。
如电池支持执行负脉冲充电，则电能管理系统向稳压控制电路中的各个模块以及能量吸收电路下发充电指令，该充电指令中可以包括双向脉冲充电的正向脉冲电流幅值、负向脉冲电流幅值以及脉冲宽度。
稳压控制电路中的AC/DC模块接收到电能管理系统下发的充电指令，可以根据充电指令中的设定值将电网的高压交流电压，转换输出为既定的直流电压及正向脉冲电流，进而通过DC-DC模块降压和/或电气隔离后，向外部电池充电。
在电能管理系统和AC/DC模块共同确认目前正向充电时间达到策略设定值(例如第一时段)，则电能管理系统通过通信控制AC/DC模块关闭，停止输出，此时能量吸收电路接入充电回路，然后电能管理系统要求DC/DC模块按照策略要求反向电池放电，稳压控制电路以负向脉冲电流向 电池充电。能量吸收电路进行负向脉冲电流的吸收。
当电能管理系统和DC/DC模块共同确认目前反向放电时间是否达到策略设定值(例如第二时段)，即达到反向时间要求，电能管理系统通过通信控制能量吸收电路断开，AC/DC模块重新开启输出并按照充电指令继续给电池充电。
在电能管理系统，或者电能管理系统与电池共同确认负脉冲电流充电次数是否达到阈值时，或者，电池不支持双向脉冲充电方式，则充电系统进入常规单向充电模式。
此外，电能管理系统与电池还可以实时监控电池以及整个充电系统关键参数，示例性的关键参数可以包括电池电量，电芯电压，温度，以及充电装置中的部件状态中的至少一者，一旦出现故障，即终止充电。
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的电能管理系统的硬件结构示意图。其中，电能管理系统可以包括处理器901以及存储有计算机程序指令的存储器902。
具体地，上述处理器901可以包括中央处理器(CPU)，或者特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或者可以被配置成实施本申请实施例的一个或多个集成电路。
存储器902可以包括用于数据或指令的大容量存储器。举例来说而非限制，存储器902可包括硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drive，HDD)、软盘驱动器、闪存、光盘、磁光盘、磁带或通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)驱动器或者两个或更多个以上这些的组合。在合适的情况下，存储器902可包括可移除或不可移除(或固定)的介质。在合适的情况下，存储器902可在综合网关容灾设备的内部或外部。在特定实施例中，存储器902是非易失性固态存储器。
存储器902可包括只读存储器(ROM)，闪存设备，随机存取存储器(RAM)，磁盘存储介质设备，光存储介质设备，电气、光学或其他物理/有形的存储器存储设备。因此，通常，存储器902包括一个或多个编码有包括计算机可执行指令的软件的有形(非暂态)计算机可读存储介质(例如，存储器设备)，并且当该软件被执行(例如，由一个或多个处 理器)时，其可操作来执行参考根据本公开的上述方面的方法所描述的操作。
处理器901通过读取并执行存储器902中存储的计算机程序指令，以实现上述实施例中的任意一种充电控制方法。
在一个示例中，电能管理系统还可包括通信接口903和总线910。其中，如图9所示，处理器901、存储器902、通信接口903通过总线910连接并完成相互间的通信。
通信接口903，主要用于实现本申请实施例中各模块、装置、单元和/或设备之间的通信。
总线910包括硬件、软件或两者，将电能管理系统的部件彼此耦接在一起。举例来说而非限制，总线可包括加速图形端口(AGP)或其他图形总线、增强工业标准架构(EISA)总线、前端总线(FSB)、超传输(HT)互连、工业标准架构(ISA)总线、无限带宽互连、低引脚数(LPC)总线、存储器总线、微信道架构(MCA)总线、外围组件互连(PCI)总线、PCI-Express(PCI-X)总线、串行高级技术附件(SATA)总线、视频电子标准协会局部(VLB)总线或其他合适的总线或者两个或更多个以上这些的组合。在合适的情况下，总线910可包括一个或多个总线。尽管本申请实施例描述和示出了特定的总线，但本申请考虑任何合适的总线或互连。
该电能管理系统可以基于充电控制方法，从而实现结合图6至图8描述的充电控制方法。
另外，结合上述实施例中的充电控制方法，本申请实施例可提供一种计算机存储介质来实现。该计算机存储介质上存储有计算机程序指令；该计算机程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述实施例中的任意一种充电控制方法。计算机存储介质的示例包括有形(非暂态)计算机可读存储介质，如电子电路、半导体存储器设备、ROM、闪存、可擦除ROM(EROM)、软盘、CD-ROM、光盘、硬盘等。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的 部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种充电装置，包括：
    充电回路(11)，包括稳压控制电路(112)、输出端口(113)和输入端口(111)；
    所述稳压控制电路(112)，经所述输入端口(111)接入高压交流电，经所述输出端口(113)与电池(20)连接，用于将所述高压交流电转换为低压直流电，并在第一时段以正脉冲电流向所述电池(20)充电，在第二时段以负脉冲电流向所述电池(20)充电；
    能量吸收电路(12)，与所述充电回路(11)并联，用于吸收所述负脉冲电流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电装置，其中，所述能量吸收电路(12)，还用于在所述稳压控制电路(112)输出所述正脉冲电流时关断。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的充电装置，其中，所述能量吸收电路(12)包括：
    耗散器件(R)，所述耗散器件(R)的第一端与所述充电回路(11)的第一端连接；
    第一开关(S1)，与所述耗散器件(R)的第二端和所述充电回路(11)的第二端连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的充电装置，其中，所述能量吸收电路(12)还包括：
    第二开关(S2)，所述第二开关(S2)的第一端与所述耗散器件(R)的第一端连接，所述第二开关(S2)的第二端与所述充电回路(11)的第一端连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的充电装置，其中，所述稳压控制电路(112)包括：
    AC-DC模块(1121)，所述AC-DC模块(1121)与所述输入端口(111)连接；
    DC-DC模块(1122)，所述DC-DC模块(1122)与所述AC-DC模块(1121)和所述输出端口(113)连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的充电装置，其中，所述能量吸收电路(12)连接在所述输入端口(111)与所述AC-DC模块(1121)之间；
    或者，所述能量吸收电路(12)连接在所述AC-DC模块(1121)与所述DC-DC模块(1122)之间；
    或者，所述能量吸收电路(12)连接在所述DC-DC模块(1122)与所述输出端口(113)之间。
  7. 一种充电控制方法，所述方法应用于电能管理系统EMS，所述EMS与充电装置连接，所述充电装置被配置为如权利要求1-6任一项所述的充电装置，所述充电装置还与电池连接，所述方法包括：
    在第一时段控制所述充电装置以正脉冲电流向所述电池充电；
    在第二时段控制所述充电装置以负脉冲电流向所述电池充电，并控制所述能量吸 收电路吸收所述负脉冲电流。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述控制所述能量吸收电路吸收所述负脉冲电流之后，还包括：
    获取所述充电装置的负脉冲电流充电次数；
    在所述次数达到阈值时，控制所述充电装置以正脉冲电流向所述电池单向充电；
    在所述次数未达到阈值时，执行步骤：在第一时段控制所述充电装置以正脉冲电流向所述电池充电。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述在第一时段控制所述充电装置以正脉冲电流向所述电池充电之前，所述方法还包括：
    与所述电池连接；
    在所述电池不支持负脉冲充电策略时，控制所述充电装置以正脉冲电流向所述电池单向充电；
    在所述电池支持负脉冲充电策略时，执行步骤：在第一时段控制所述充电装置以正脉冲电流向所述电池充电。
  10. 一种电能管理系统，包括处理器，存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的程序或指令，所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求7-9任一所述的充电控制方法的步骤。
  11. 一种可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储程序或指令，所述程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如权利要求7-9任一所述的充电控制方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2022/093862 2021-10-14 2022-05-19 充电装置、充电控制方法、电能管理系统及存储介质 Ceased WO2023060896A1 (zh)

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