WO2023063244A1 - 固体触媒、固体触媒の製造方法、モノメチルアミンの製造方法 - Google Patents
固体触媒、固体触媒の製造方法、モノメチルアミンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023063244A1 WO2023063244A1 PCT/JP2022/037566 JP2022037566W WO2023063244A1 WO 2023063244 A1 WO2023063244 A1 WO 2023063244A1 JP 2022037566 W JP2022037566 W JP 2022037566W WO 2023063244 A1 WO2023063244 A1 WO 2023063244A1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
- B01J29/20—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/24—Iron group metals or copper
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7007—Zeolite Beta
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/06—Washing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/26—Mordenite type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid catalyst, a method for producing a solid catalyst, and a method for producing monomethylamine using a solid catalyst.
- Methylamines are generally produced by reacting a methylating agent and ammonia in the gas phase at a high temperature (e.g., around 400°C) in the presence of a solid acid catalyst having dehydration and amination actions such as alumina and silica-alumina. It is Monomethylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine are produced in this reaction. Trimethylamine is significantly less in demand than monomethylamine and dimethylamine. Therefore, it is transferred to the reaction system and reused. Also, with regard to monomethylamine and dimethylamine, the amount of production and the demand often do not match, and components produced in excess are transferred to the reaction system and reused in the same manner as trimethylamine.
- a distillation method is used as a method for separating each component of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine from the product (mixture) obtained by the above reaction.
- the boiling points of these methylamines are close to each other.
- trimethylamine forms a complex azeotropic system with ammonia, monomethylamine and dimethylamine. For this reason, in order to separate each component from the product obtained by the above reaction, a complicated and large-scale distillation operation is required. Therefore, energy consumption and cost are high in the recovery process of methylamines.
- a recovery process for methylamines is described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe a method for producing dimethylamine by reacting ammonia and methanol in the gas phase in the presence of a sodium-containing mordenite catalyst. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses that the reaction rate decreases as the alkali metal content in the catalyst increases, and that when the alkali metal content exceeds a certain amount, the amount of monomethylamine produced increases and the production ratio of dimethylamine decreases. It is stated that
- Patent Document 4 describes a method for producing monomethylamine in which ammonia and methanol are reacted in the presence of a sodium-containing mordenite catalyst.
- Patent Document 5 describes a method for producing methylamines by a gas-phase contact reaction of ammonia and methanol. Further, Patent Document 5 describes distilling trimethylamine as an azeotropic mixture with ammonia and trimethylamine azeotroping with monomethylamine and dimethylamine.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- monomethylamine has a structure in which one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced with a methyl group. Since the methyl group is an electron-donating group, monomethylamine is often more reactive with a methylating agent than with ammonia. Thus, monomethylamine is readily converted to dimethylamine by further reaction with a methylating agent. Moreover, since dimethylamine has two methyl groups, it has higher reactivity with a methylating agent than monomethylamine. Therefore, the reaction of dimethylamine with a methylating agent further facilitates conversion to trimethylamine.
- trimethylamine which is a by-product of the reaction between ammonia and the methylating agent, is a component that azeotropes with monomethylamine and is difficult to separate from monomethylamine. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for producing monomethylamine that can increase the selectivity of monomethylamine by suppressing the production of trimethylamine. As such a method for producing monomethylamine, the reaction time between ammonia and the methylating agent is shortened, the reaction between monomethylamine and the methylating agent and the reaction between dimethylamine and the methylating agent are suppressed, and the base is added.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by using it when reacting ammonia and a methylating agent, it is possible to suppress the generation of trimethylamine while ensuring the conversion rate of the methylating agent, and to achieve high selection.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solid catalyst capable of efficiently producing monomethylamine at a high rate, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides a method for producing monomethylamine that can sufficiently suppress the formation of trimethylamine even if the reaction time is prolonged, and can efficiently produce monomethylamine with high selectivity while ensuring the conversion rate of the methylating agent. intended to provide
- the present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, in the presence of a solid catalyst that is a zeolite with a mordenite-type crystal structure and a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g calculated by the BET method from the gas adsorption properties using nitrogen molecules as a probe, ammonia and methyl
- a solid catalyst that is a zeolite with a mordenite-type crystal structure and a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g calculated by the BET method from the gas adsorption properties using nitrogen molecules as a probe, ammonia and methyl
- the present inventors have found that by reacting with a methylating agent, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the formation of trimethylamine while ensuring the conversion rate of the methylating agent, and to efficiently produce monomethylamine with high selectivity. That is, the present invention relates to the following matters.
- a method for producing a solid catalyst having a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g and being mordenite-type zeolite comprising: A mixing step of mixing raw material mordenite and a solution in which a basic salt is dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed solution; an evaporation to dryness step of evaporating the mixture to dryness to obtain mordenite after solution treatment; and a calcining step of calcining the mordenite after the solution treatment.
- the firing step includes a first firing step of firing the solution-treated mordenite to obtain fired mordenite; a washing step of washing the calcined mordenite with the solvent;
- a method for producing a solid catalyst having a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g and being mordenite-type zeolite comprising: A mixing step of mixing raw material mordenite and a solution in which a basic salt is dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed solution; A stirring step of stirring the mixed solution to obtain mordenite after solution treatment; and a calcining step of calcining the mordenite after the solution treatment.
- a method for producing a solid catalyst having a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g and being mordenite-type zeolite comprising: A method for producing a solid catalyst, comprising a calcination step of calcining raw material mordenite at a temperature of 650 to 1000°C. [15] The method for producing a solid catalyst according to [14], wherein the crystallinity of the solid catalyst is 80% or more. [16] The method for producing a solid catalyst according to [14] or [15], wherein the solid catalyst is a solid catalyst for producing monomethylamine through a reaction between ammonia and a methylating agent.
- a method for producing monomethylamine comprising reacting ammonia with a methylating agent in the presence of the solid catalyst according to [17].
- the solid catalyst of the present invention is used in a reaction in which ammonia and a methylating agent are reacted to produce monomethylamine, thereby ensuring the conversion rate of the methylating agent, suppressing the production of trimethylamine, and achieving high selectivity.
- Monomethylamine can be produced efficiently. According to the method for producing monomethylamine of the present invention, the production of trimethylamine can be sufficiently suppressed even if the reaction time is lengthened, and monomethylamine can be efficiently produced with high selectivity while ensuring the conversion rate of the methylating agent. .
- the present inventors focused on the reaction mechanism between ammonia and a methylating agent and the pore size (pore size) of the solid catalyst used for the reaction, and have made the following So, I did a lot of research.
- the reaction mechanism between ammonia and a methylating agent will be described.
- the case of using methanol as the methylating agent will be described as an example.
- the atom or atomic group bonded to the nitrogen atom is a hydrogen atom (—H) or It is a methyl group (--CH 3 ). Since a hydrogen atom is one of the atoms constituting the methyl group, which is an atomic group, the size of the methyl group is naturally larger than the size of the hydrogen atom. Therefore, from the number of hydrogen atoms and methyl groups bonded to the nitrogen atoms of each compound, it is natural that the molecular sizes of these four compounds are ammonia ⁇ monomethylamine ⁇ dimethylamine ⁇ trimethylamine when arranged in ascending order. can be said.
- the present inventors found that in order to produce monomethylamine with high selectivity, the solid catalyst used in the reaction between ammonia and methanol should contain a recoverable compound among the reaction products, such as trimethylamine molecules. We thought that it would suffice to use something that is limited to less than the size. In this case, the solid catalyst to be used only needs to promote the reaction to produce the target monomethylamine, and can be used regardless of whether it promotes the reaction to produce dimethylamine and the reaction to produce trimethylamine.
- the present inventor focused on mordenite, which can promote the above-described (first reaction) to (fourth reaction), as a raw material for a solid catalyst, and made earnest studies. As a result, it was found that a solid catalyst having a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g and a crystal structure of mordenite-type zeolite produced by any of the following methods (1) to (3) should be used.
- the present invention was conceived. (1) A mixing step of mixing a raw material mordenite and a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed liquid, and an evaporating to dryness step of evaporating the mixed liquid to dryness to obtain mordenite after solution treatment. and a firing step of firing the mordenite after solution treatment.
- the present inventor was able to produce monomethylamine with high selectivity, with a trace amount of trimethylamine in the product. From this, it is presumed that the solid catalyst obtained by the above production method has micropores through which monomethylamine molecules can pass, but through which trimethylamine molecules cannot pass.
- the solid catalyst, the method for producing the solid catalyst, and the method for producing monomethylamine of the present invention are described in detail below. In addition, this invention is not limited only to embodiment shown below.
- the solid catalyst of the present embodiment has a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g and is mordenite-type zeolite. Since the solid catalyst of the present embodiment is zeolite having a mordenite crystal structure, it can effectively accelerate the reaction rate between ammonia and the methylating agent.
- the specific surface area of the solid catalyst of the present embodiment is a numerical value obtained by measuring by the BET method (surface area measurement method) using a nitrogen molecule as a probe molecule.
- the solid catalyst which has a specific surface area of 60 m 2 /g or less and is mordenite-type zeolite is produced by any of the above methods (1) to (3), the solid catalyst contains trimethylamine molecules. It is presumed that fine pores that cannot pass through are formed. Therefore, when, for example, ammonia and a methylating agent are reacted in the presence of a solid catalyst having a specific surface area of 60 m 2 /g or less, only compounds smaller than the size of a trimethylamine molecule can be recovered from the reaction products. Therefore, the production of trimethylamine can be suppressed, and monomethylamine can be produced with high selectivity.
- the specific surface area is preferably 50 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 30 m 2 /g or less. , 25 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the solid catalyst of the present embodiment is 4 m 2 /g or more, preferably 5 m 2 /g or more, more preferably 10 m 2 /g or more.
- the solid catalyst of the present embodiment preferably has a crystallinity of 80% or more.
- the crystallinity of the solid catalyst of the present embodiment is a numerical value obtained by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The higher the crystallinity of the solid catalyst, the more the reaction involving the methylating agent can be promoted, and the higher the conversion rate of the methylating agent in the reaction between ammonia and the methylating agent.
- the crystallinity of the solid catalyst is more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, and may be 100%.
- the solid catalyst of the present embodiment preferably contains sodium ions. Specifically, it is preferable that sodium ions are supported in the pores of the solid catalyst. By reacting, for example, ammonia with a methylating agent in the presence of such a solid catalyst, monomethylamine can be produced with even higher selectivity.
- the solid catalyst of the present embodiment has a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g and is mordenite-type zeolite. For this reason, the solid catalyst of the present embodiment is used in a reaction in which ammonia and a methylating agent are reacted to generate monomethylamine, thereby ensuring the conversion rate of the methylating agent and suppressing the generation of trimethylamine. Monomethylamine can be produced efficiently with high selectivity.
- the solid catalyst of the present embodiment can be produced, for example, using the first to third production methods shown below.
- the first production method includes a mixing step of mixing a raw material mordenite and a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed solution, and evaporating the mixed solution to dryness to obtain mordenite after solution treatment. and a firing step of firing the mordenite after solution processing.
- the raw material mordenite used in the mixing step for example, has a molar ratio of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio) of 10 to 250 and a specific surface area of 300 to 500 m 2 /g. mordenite-type zeolite and the like can be used.
- the molar ratio of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in the starting mordenite is preferably 10-50, more preferably 12-20.
- the raw material mordenite may be acidic mordenite or basic mordenite.
- As the raw material mordenite it is preferable to use an acidic mordenite because it can strongly adsorb ammonia, which is basic, to obtain a solid catalyst that facilitates the reaction with the methylating agent.
- a commercially available product may be used as the raw material mordenite. Specifically, 620HOA (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), 640HOA (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), etc., which are acidic mordenite, can be used as the raw material mordenite.
- the basic salt in the solution of the basic salt dissolved in the solvent used in the mixing step is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits basicity when made into a solution.
- the basic salt preferably contains one or more alkali metal ions, more preferably Na + (sodium ion), as cations.
- Basic salts may include metal cations other than Na + , metal-free ammonium ions, and other cations.
- the counter anion contained in the basic salt is preferably a conjugate base of a weak acid.
- the basic salt preferably contains, as an anion, at least one selected from hydroxide ion and carbonate ion, and a solid catalyst having high monomethylamine selectivity can be obtained. is particularly preferred.
- basic salts that can be used include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium phosphate.
- sodium hydroxide is preferably used as the basic salt because it can suppress the formation of dimethylamine and yield a solid catalyst having higher monomethylamine selectivity.
- the solvent in the solution of the basic salt dissolved in the solvent should be capable of dissolving the basic salt, relatively easily removable by evaporation to dryness, and not decomposed when the solvent is removed. , can be used without any restrictions.
- solvents that can be used include highly polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
- highly polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
- the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution is preferably 0.01 mol / L or more because the amount of solvent in the solution is small, so the time to evaporate the mixed solution to dryness is short. It is more preferably 0.05 mol/L or more.
- the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution is preferably 10 mol/L or less in order to obtain a uniform mixed solution of the starting mordenite and the solution in which the basic salt is dissolved in the solvent. It is more preferably 2.5 mol/L or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mol/L or less. If the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution is 10 mol/L or less, the time required to evaporate the mixed solution to dryness will be sufficiently long.
- the heating temperature is increased when the mixed liquid is heated to evaporate to dryness.
- concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution is 10 mol/L or less
- the reaction between the starting mordenite and the basic salt in the evaporation to dryness step is promoted. Therefore, the surface of the raw material mordenite is sufficiently dissolved in the solution of the basic salt dissolved in the solvent, and the reaction product of the basic salt and the raw material mordenite is sufficiently produced.
- the amount of basic salt substance used in the solution is appropriately determined according to the ratio of the amount of cation substance in the basic salt to the amount of substance at which cations can be imparted in the raw material mordenite.
- the amount of substances at points capable of imparting cations in the starting mordenite is measured by, for example, the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) method using an appropriate base (e.g., ammonia) to measure the amount of base adsorbed on the starting mordenite. It can be obtained by the method.
- TPD temperature programmed desorption
- the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of material at the point where cations can be imparted in the raw material mordenite (([valence of cations in the salt contained in the solution x substance Amount])/(Amount of substance at point capable of imparting cations in source mordenite)) is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more.
- the ratio of the amounts of the substances is 0.5 or more, the surface of the raw material mordenite is sufficiently dissolved in the solution of the basic salt dissolved in the solvent, and the reaction product of the basic salt and the raw material mordenite is sufficiently generated.
- the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cations-donating material in the raw material mordenite is preferably 5 or less from the viewpoint of cost. 0.5 or less is more preferable. Further, when the ratio of the amounts of the substances is 5 or less, it is possible to prevent the surface of the raw material mordenite from being excessively dissolved by a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent.
- the method of mixing raw mordenite and a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed solution is not particularly limited.
- a method of immersion in a solution can be used.
- a mixture of raw material mordenite and a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent is evaporated to dryness to form mordenite after solution treatment.
- the method of evaporating to dryness can be appropriately determined according to the type of solvent contained in the mixed liquid, and is not particularly limited.
- the solvent is water
- the reaction may be carried out by allowing it to stand at room temperature under an air atmosphere for an appropriate period of time.
- the standing time is not particularly limited as long as the solvent can be removed, but may be, for example, 5 to 14 days, 7 to 12 days, or about 10 days.
- Evaporation to dryness may be carried out by heating in an air atmosphere for an appropriate period of time using an oven set to a temperature above room temperature and below the boiling point of the solvent at which bumping of the solvent does not occur.
- the heating time using the oven may be appropriately adjusted according to the heating temperature. For example, when the solvent is water, the reaction may be carried out at a temperature of about 80° C. for 5 to 10 hours, or at a temperature of about 50° C. for 40 to 60 hours.
- the firing step the solution-treated mordenite obtained by performing the evaporation to dryness step is fired.
- the calcination step the components produced by the reaction between the basic salt and the starting mordenite are precipitated and fixed on the surface of the starting mordenite in the mixing step and the evaporation to dryness step.
- the firing steps in the first production method include a first firing step of firing mordenite after solution treatment to obtain fired mordenite, a washing step of washing the fired mordenite with a solvent, and a second firing of firing the washed fired mordenite. and preferably comprising the steps of:
- the solution-treated mordenite in the first firing step can be fired, for example, by heating at 300 to 600° C. for 1 to 20 hours in an air atmosphere. Firing of mordenite after solution treatment is preferably carried out by a method of heating at 450 to 550° C. for 6 to 15 hours in an air atmosphere. When the firing temperature in the first firing step is 600° C. or lower, it is possible to prevent destruction of the crystal structure on the surface of the raw material mordenite due to firing.
- the solution-treated mordenite may or may not be washed before the first firing step, but it is preferable to perform the first firing step without washing.
- the component generated by the reaction between the basic salt and the raw material mordenite becomes easier to fix on the surface of the raw material mordenite.
- the fired mordenite obtained in the first firing step is washed with a solvent.
- the solvent the solvent used for the solution in which the basic salt is dissolved in the solvent is used.
- solvent-soluble components such as excess salt remaining on the surface of the fired mordenite can be removed.
- the method for washing the calcined mordenite is not particularly limited. For example, a method of placing the calcined mordenite on a suitable filter medium and passing a solvent, a method of packing the calcined mordenite in a glass column and passing a solvent, The solvent and the calcined mordenite are placed in a beaker, stirred, allowed to stand, and then the supernatant is removed with a pipette.
- the fired mordenite after washing in the second firing step can be fired in the same manner as in the first firing step, for example, by heating at 300 to 600° C. for 1 to 20 hours in an air atmosphere. Firing The firing of mordenite is preferably carried out by a method of heating at 450 to 550° C. for 6 to 15 hours in an air atmosphere.
- the firing conditions in the second firing step may be the same as or different from the firing conditions in the first firing step.
- the solid catalyst produced by the first production method may retain cations that constitute the basic salt used for production. Therefore, if necessary, the produced solid catalyst may be reacted with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid to replace the cations retained by the solid catalyst with protons.
- a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid
- the solid catalyst produced by the first production method has a mordenite layer and a surface layer formed on the surface of the mordenite layer.
- the mordenite layer has a mordenite-type crystal structure and has pores derived from the raw material mordenite used as the raw material for the solid catalyst.
- the surface layer has micropores through which monomethylamine molecules can pass and through which trimethylamine molecules cannot pass.
- the raw material mordenite changes as shown below and becomes a solid catalyst.
- the starting mordenite reacts with a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent, and the starting mordenite carries cations and a part of the starting mordenite. components are dissolved. Examples of dissolving components include sodium oxide.
- a mordenite layer of the solid catalyst is formed by the raw material mordenite that remains undissolved, and the solid catalyst preferably has a crystallinity of 80% or more.
- the dissolved ingredients of the raw material mordenite are precipitated on the surface of the raw material mordenite that maintains its crystallinity by the sintering step in the first manufacturing method, forming a layer that no longer maintains the crystal structure of the mordenite.
- This layer is fixed on the surface of the raw material mordenite by the sintering process, and becomes a surface layer having micropores.
- the micropores are permeable to monomethylamine molecules and impermeable to trimethylamine molecules.
- the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of material at which cations can be imparted in the raw material mordenite ((cations in the salt contained in the solution sum of [valence x amount of substance]) / (amount of substance at point capable of imparting cations in raw mordenite)
- basic salt contained in solution in which basic salt is dissolved in solvent By changing the concentration, solid catalysts with different specific surface areas can be produced.
- the ratio of the amount of the cation substance in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of the substance capable of imparting cations in the raw material mordenite, and The micropore size of the solid catalyst can be controlled by varying the concentration of the basic salt added.
- the solid catalyst produced by the first production method tends to have a smaller specific surface area as the degree of crystallinity is lower.
- the solid catalyst produced by the first production method is produced by a production method including an evaporation to dryness step, the solid catalyst having a crystallinity of 80% or more has a basic surface of the raw material mordenite. It is not excessively dissolved by a solution of a salt dissolved in a solvent, and a surface layer having micropores of a size through which monomethylamine molecules can easily pass is formed.
- the first production method of the present embodiment includes a mixing step of mixing a raw material mordenite and a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed solution, and evaporating the mixed solution to dryness and solution-treating mordenite. and a firing step of firing the mordenite after the solution treatment. Therefore, the solid catalyst of the present embodiment, which is mordenite-type zeolite and has a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g, can be obtained.
- the second production method includes a mixing step of mixing raw material mordenite and a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed solution, a stirring step of agitating the mixed solution to obtain mordenite after solution treatment, and a firing step of firing the mordenite after the solution treatment.
- the same solution as in the first production method can be used.
- the stirring step in the second manufacturing method unlike the first manufacturing method in which the concentration of the basic salt in the mixed liquid increases in the evaporation to dryness step, the concentration of the basic salt in the mixed liquid does not change. For this reason, in the stirring step, it is possible to use a strongly basic salt such as sodium hydroxide as the basic salt in order to sufficiently proceed with the reaction between the basic salt in the mixed solution and the raw material mordenite. preferable.
- the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution is preferably 0.1 mol/L or more, more preferably 0.2 mol/L or more, in order to sufficiently progress the reaction between the basic salt and the raw material mordenite. It is more preferable to have Also, the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution is preferably 10 mol/L or less, more preferably 5 mol/L or less. When the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution is 10 mol/L or less, the reaction between the raw material mordenite and the basic salt does not proceed excessively. Therefore, the mordenite-type crystal structure, which contributes to the promotion of the monomethylamine-producing reaction, is not excessively dissolved, and a solid catalyst capable of ensuring a sufficient conversion rate of the methylating agent can be obtained.
- the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of material at the point where cations can be imparted in the raw material mordenite is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 15 or more.
- the ratio of the amounts of the substances is 10 or more, the surface of the raw material mordenite is sufficiently dissolved in the solution in which the basic salt is dissolved in the solvent, and the reaction product of the basic salt and the raw material mordenite is sufficiently generated. do.
- the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cations-donating material in the raw material mordenite is preferably 75 or less, and 50 from the viewpoint of cost. The following are more preferable. Further, when the ratio of the amounts of the substances is 75 or less, it is possible to prevent the surface of the raw material mordenite from being excessively dissolved by the solution in which the basic salt is dissolved in the solvent.
- the stirring time of the mixed solution can be appropriately determined according to the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution, and can be performed, for example, at room temperature in an air atmosphere for 0.5 to 48 hours.
- the stirring time is 0.5 hours or more, the surface of the raw material mordenite is sufficiently dissolved in the solution of the basic salt dissolved in the solvent, and the reaction product of the basic salt and the raw material mordenite is sufficiently generated. do.
- the stirring time is 48 hours or less, it is possible to prevent the surface of the raw material mordenite from being excessively dissolved by the solution of the basic salt dissolved in the solvent.
- the stirring time is more preferably 1 to 24 hours, even more preferably 6 to 15 hours.
- the solution-treated mordenite obtained by performing the stirring step is preferably filtered and washed by, for example, a method of performing gravity filtration or a method of performing suction filtration.
- the washing of the solution-treated mordenite can be carried out, for example, by passing the solution-treated mordenite collected by filtration through a solution in which a basic salt is dissolved in a solvent and the solvent used.
- the firing step the solution-treated mordenite obtained by performing the stirring step is fired.
- the component produced by the reaction between the basic salt and the raw material mordenite in the mixing step and the stirring step is precipitated and fixed on the surface of the raw material mordenite.
- the sintering of the solution-treated mordenite in the sintering step of the second production method is performed, for example, by a method of heating at 300 to 600° C. for 1 to 20 hours in an air atmosphere in the same manner as the sintering of the solution-treated mordenite in the first production method. It is preferably carried out by a method of heating at 450 to 550° C. for 6 to 15 hours in an air atmosphere.
- the solid catalyst produced by the second production method may retain cations constituting the basic salt used in production, similar to the solid catalyst produced by the first production method. Therefore, if necessary, the produced solid catalyst may be reacted with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid to replace the cations retained by the solid catalyst with protons.
- a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid
- the solid catalyst produced by the second production method has a mordenite layer and a surface layer formed on the surface of the mordenite layer, similar to the solid catalyst produced by the first production method.
- the mordenite layer has a mordenite-type crystal structure and has pores derived from the raw material mordenite used as the raw material for the solid catalyst.
- the surface layer has micropores through which monomethylamine molecules can pass and through which trimethylamine molecules cannot pass.
- the raw material mordenite changes as shown below and becomes a solid catalyst. That is, when the mixing step and the stirring step in the second manufacturing method are performed, a solution obtained by dissolving raw mordenite and a basic salt in a solvent is obtained in the same manner as in the case of performing the mixing step and the evaporation to dryness step in the first manufacturing method. reacts to support cations on the raw material mordenite and dissolve some components of the raw material mordenite.
- the mordenite layer of the solid catalyst is formed by the raw material mordenite that remains undissolved.
- the components of the dissolved raw material mordenite precipitate on the surface of the raw material mordenite that maintains its crystallinity in the same manner as in the sintering step of the first production method, forming a surface layer having micropores. Form.
- the evaporation to dryness step in the first production method is not carried out, but the stirring step is carried out.
- a solid catalyst is formed with a degree of crystallinity approaching 100%.
- the size of the micropores can be controlled by changing the conditions of the mixing and stirring steps in the second manufacturing method.
- the fine pores possessed by the solid catalyst produced by the second production method are presumed to be smaller as the specific surface area is smaller, similar to the solid catalyst produced by the first production method, and the specific surface area is 60 m 2 /g or less. It is presumed that trimethylamine molecules cannot pass through the fine pores of the solid catalyst.
- the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cations-donating substance in the raw material mordenite (((the cations in the salt contained in the solution Total sum of [valence x amount of material] of ions)/(amount of material at points where cations can be imparted in raw mordenite)), basic salt contained in a solution in which a basic salt is dissolved in a solvent
- Solid catalysts with different specific surface areas can be produced by changing one or more conditions selected from concentration and stirring time of the mixed solution.
- the size of the micropores of the solid catalyst can be controlled by changing one or more conditions selected from the concentration of the basic salt used and the stirring time of the mixture.
- the second production method of the present embodiment comprises a mixing step of mixing raw material mordenite and a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent to form a mixed solution, and stirring the mixed solution to obtain mordenite after solution treatment. It includes a stirring step and a firing step of firing the mordenite after solution treatment. Therefore, the solid catalyst of the present embodiment, which is mordenite-type zeolite and has a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g, can be obtained.
- the third manufacturing method includes a firing step (high-temperature firing step) of firing raw material mordenite at a temperature of 650 to 1000°C.
- a commercially available product may be used as the raw material mordenite.
- 642NAA manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- 642NAA manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- the like which is basic mordenite, can be used as the raw material mordenite.
- the raw material mordenite is fired at a temperature of 650 to 1000.degree.
- the pores of the mordenite structure of the raw material mordenite are partially or uniformly destroyed.
- the specific surface area becomes 60 m 2 /g or less, and it is presumed that micropores are formed through which monomethylamine molecules can pass but trimethylamine molecules cannot pass. Therefore, unlike the solid catalysts produced by the first and second production methods, the solid catalyst produced by the third production method may not have a surface layer formed on the surface of the mordenite layer, and the micropores may not be formed. It is not necessarily formed on the surface layer.
- the sintering temperature in the high-temperature sintering step is 650° C. or higher, the mordenite structure of the raw material mordenite is destroyed, and a solid catalyst having a specific surface area of 60 m 2 /g or less is obtained.
- the firing temperature is preferably 700° C. or higher.
- the firing temperature is 1000° C. or less, the mordenite structure of the raw material mordenite is not destroyed and deactivated by performing the high-temperature firing step. Therefore, when ammonia and a methylating agent are reacted, the solid catalyst can sufficiently secure the conversion rate of the methylating agent.
- the firing temperature is preferably 800° C. or lower.
- the firing time in the high-temperature firing step may be appropriately adjusted according to the firing temperature within a range in which the mordenite structure of the raw material mordenite is not destroyed and deactivated, and can be, for example, 0.5 to 2 hours.
- the third manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes a high-temperature firing step of firing raw material mordenite at a temperature of 650 to 1000°C. Therefore, the solid catalyst of the present embodiment, which is mordenite-type zeolite and has a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g, can be obtained.
- methylating agents examples include methanol, dimethyl ether, chloromethane, bromomethane, and iodomethane. Among these, it is preferable to use methanol as the methylating agent because it is inexpensive, is liquid at room temperature, is easy to handle, and is relatively less harmful.
- the raw material molar ratio which is the molar ratio between the amount of ammonia used and the amount of the methylating agent used (ammonia/methylating agent), is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5, and is 0.25 to 4. is more preferable, and 0.33 to 3 is even more preferable.
- the raw material molar ratio (ammonia/methylating agent) is close to 1.0, which is the stoichiometric amount when monomethylamine is the target product, the excess or deficiency of the raw materials becomes small, which is advantageous in terms of cost.
- the molar ratio of the raw materials is away from 1.0, the conversion rate of the components of the raw materials which are deficient in the stoichiometric amount is improved.
- the higher the raw material molar ratio the smaller the stoichiometric amount of the methylating agent, which tends to increase the conversion rate of the methylating agent. Therefore, when the molar ratio of raw materials deviates from 1.0, the unreacted amount of the above-mentioned deficient stoichiometric component contained in the reaction product decreases, and the component makes it difficult to separate the target product. If so, purification of the reaction product is facilitated. Further, when the raw material molar ratio is small, the probability of collision between the methylating agents increases.
- the raw material molar ratio (ammonia/methylating agent) is preferably within the range of 0.2-5.
- the reaction temperature between ammonia and the methylating agent may be any temperature within the range in which the above-described (first reaction) and (second reaction) proceed, and the reverse of (first reaction) to (third reaction) It is more preferable that the temperature is within the range in which the reaction and (fourth reaction) proceed.
- the lower limit of the reaction temperature is preferably 200°C or higher, more preferably 250°C or higher, even more preferably 300°C or higher, and particularly 350°C or higher. preferable.
- the upper limit of the reaction temperature is preferably 600° C. or lower, more preferably 500° C. or lower, even more preferably 450° C. or lower, and 400° C. or lower. Especially preferred.
- the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) which represents the ratio of the weight of the raw material mixture to the weight of the catalyst per unit time, is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 per hour. , more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 per hour, more preferably in the range of 0.25 to 1.5 per hour.
- the weight space velocity per unit time is 3.0 or less per hour, the raw material can be sufficiently converted.
- the weight hourly space velocity per unit time is 0.1 per hour or more, it is preferable because there is no need to use a large amount of solid catalyst or to use an apparatus for stably keeping the flow rate of the raw material mixture low.
- the method for producing monomethylamine of the present embodiment ammonia and a methylating agent are reacted in the presence of the solid catalyst of the present embodiment, which is mordenite-type zeolite and has a specific surface area of 4 to 60 m 2 /g. Therefore, according to the method for producing monomethylamine of the present invention, the production of trimethylamine can be sufficiently suppressed even if the reaction time is lengthened, and monomethylamine can be efficiently produced with high selectivity while ensuring the conversion rate of the methylating agent. can be manufactured.
- the surface of the solid catalyst of the present embodiment has micropores through which monomethylamine molecules can pass but trimethylamine molecules cannot pass. Regardless of the length of time, it is presumed that the following (1) to (5) are controlled.
- trimethylamine in the case where the micropores are those through which dimethylamine molecules cannot pass, trimethylamine and dimethylamine
- trimethylamine and dimethylamine may be produced, but is not recovered as a product. That is, in the method for producing monomethylamine of the present embodiment, even if the reaction time is lengthened, the yield of trimethylamine (trimethylamine and dimethylamine when micropores are such that dimethylamine molecules cannot pass through) increases. Therefore, the monomethylamine selectivity is not affected. Therefore, in the method for producing monomethylamine of the present embodiment, the reaction time can be lengthened to improve productivity, and monomethylamine can be produced with high selectivity.
- monomethylamine and dimethylamine can be separated, for example, by distillation.
- Monomethylamine can be suitably used for synthesizing derivatives of monomethylamine.
- Such derivatives include, for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a method for producing NMP for example, a method of mixing monomethylamine with gamma-butyrolactone and heating can be used.
- Example 1 "Production of solid catalysts" A solid catalyst was produced using the first production method. That is, 1.3 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in pure water, and the volume was adjusted to 100 mL using a volumetric flask. 33 mol/L). In a glass container, 15 g of acidic mordenite (trade name: 620HOA, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) having H 2 + as a cation, which is raw material mordenite, and the entire amount of the above aqueous solution were mixed (mixing step). The amount of the substance capable of imparting cations was 2.0 mmol per 1 g of raw material mordenite. In Example 1, the ratio of the amount of cation substances in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of substances capable of imparting cations in the raw material mordenite was 1.1.
- mordenite after solution treatment (evaporation to dryness step). After the resulting solution-treated mordenite was allowed to cool, it was transferred to a magnetic crucible and fired in an electric furnace set at 500° C. for 12 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain fired mordenite (first firing step).
- the calcined mordenite after cooling was transferred to a beaker, 100 mL of pure water was added, stirred for 1 hour, allowed to stand, and the supernatant was removed with a pipette three times for washing (washing step).
- the washed calcined mordenite was transferred to the magnetic crucible again and dried and calcined in an air atmosphere for 12 hours (second calcination step) in an electric furnace set at 500° C. to obtain a solid catalyst of Example 1.
- the specific surface area and crystallinity of the solid catalyst of Example 1 thus obtained were determined by the following methods. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the solid catalyst of Example 1 had a specific surface area of 15.8 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 98.3%.
- the gas adsorption characteristics of the solid catalyst are measured with a specific surface area measuring device (BELSORP-mini ii manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) at liquid nitrogen temperature using nitrogen molecules as a probe, and analyzed by the BET method. , the specific surface area was determined.
- ⁇ Equipment: MPD X'Pert Pro manufactured by Panalytical ⁇ X-ray source: Cu K ⁇ ray ⁇ Incident X-ray side filter: 10 mm brass mask ⁇ Detector side filter: Ni filter ⁇ Incident side slit: Sollerslit 0.04 rad ASS1/8° ⁇ Detector side slit: ASS5.0mm Sollerslit0.04rad ⁇ Detector: PIXel1D ⁇ Measurement method: reflection method ⁇ Operation range: 2 ⁇ 5° to 120° ⁇ Step width: 0.006565° ⁇ Counting time: 78.795 sec/step
- Ammonia gas was supplied from a cylinder to the reaction tube with the primary pressure set to 0.5 MPa.
- Methanol as a methylating agent was supplied to the reaction tube from a 10 mL gas-tight syringe using a syringe pump (manufactured by AS ONE, SPS-1).
- the reaction tube was heated using a mantle heater (manufactured by Tokyo Glass Instruments Co., Ltd., P2-5).
- the reaction temperature was 390°C.
- the raw material molar ratio which is the molar ratio of ammonia and methanol (ammonia/methanol)
- the ammonia flow rate was 0.50 L/h and the methanol flow rate was 0.27 mL/h.
- WHSV weight hourly space velocity
- aqueous solution containing a reaction product was obtained by connecting the outlet of the reaction tube to a collection bottle filled with 50 mL of pure water and ice-cooled from the outside. The reaction was continued until the feed rates of ammonia and methanol were 0.64 g and 0.50 g, respectively.
- the composition of the reaction product obtained by the reaction of Example 1 was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). As a result, the target monomethylamine was detected from the reaction product, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and dimethyl ether were also detected as by-products, and unreacted raw materials, ammonia and methanol, were also detected.
- GC gas chromatography
- the yield and conversion rate were calculated by the methods shown below.
- gas chromatography GC
- the aqueous solution containing the reaction product was analyzed, and the peak areas of methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine were determined.
- the content of methanol, methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine in the aqueous solution containing the reaction product was calculated. The number of moles was obtained.
- the conversion rate (%) of methanol was obtained by subtracting from 1 the ratio of the number of moles of unreacted methanol in the aqueous solution containing the reaction product to the number of moles of methanol used as a raw material. Also, the ratio of the number of moles of monomethylamine in the aqueous solution containing the reaction product to the number of moles of methanol used as a raw material was obtained to calculate the yield of monomethylamine. Furthermore, the ratio of the yield of monomethylamine to the conversion rate of methanol was determined to determine the selectivity of monomethylamine.
- the ratio of the number of moles of dimethylamine in the aqueous solution containing the reaction product to the number of moles of methanol used as a raw material was obtained to calculate the yield of dimethylamine. Also, the ratio of the number of moles of trimethylamine in the aqueous solution containing the reaction product to the number of moles of methanol used as a raw material was obtained to calculate the yield of trimethylamine.
- Example 2 Monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the ammonia flow rate was 1.0 L/h, the methanol flow rate was 0.55 mL/h, and the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was 1.1/h.
- the ammonia flow rate was 1.0 L/h
- the methanol flow rate was 0.55 mL/h
- the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was 1.1/h.
- Example 3 Except for setting the raw material molar ratio (ammonia/methanol) to 1.0 by setting the methanol flow rate to 0.81 mL/h, setting the ammonia feed amount to 0.21 g, and setting the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) to 0.98/h. produced monomethylamine in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 4 Except for setting the raw material molar ratio (ammonia/methanol) to 0.50 by setting the methanol flow rate to 1.6 mL/h, setting the ammonia feed amount to 0.11 g, and setting the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) to 1.6/h. produced monomethylamine in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 36.4 mL of a solution in which the same basic salt as in Example 1 was dissolved in a solvent was measured and mixed with 3.0 g of 620HOA, which is the raw material mordenite. A solid catalyst was produced. In Example 5, the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cation-donating material in the starting mordenite was 2.0.
- Example 5 The specific surface area and crystallinity of the obtained solid catalyst were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the solid catalyst of Example 5 had a specific surface area of 12.5 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 94.8%. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 5 was used.
- Example 6 0.40 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in pure water, and the volume was adjusted to 50 mL using a volumetric flask to obtain a solution (0.20 mol/L) of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent. The total amount of the obtained aqueous solution was mixed with 4.5 g of 620HOA, which is the raw material mordenite (mixing step). Thereafter, a solid catalyst of Example 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 6, the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cation-donating material in the starting mordenite was 1.1.
- Example 6 The specific surface area and crystallinity of the obtained solid catalyst were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the solid catalyst of Example 6 had a specific surface area of 16.5 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 95.6%. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 6 was used.
- Example 7 3.1 g of sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 , manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in pure water, and the volume was adjusted to 100 mL using a volumetric flask to prepare a solution in which a basic salt was dissolved in a solvent.
- a solid catalyst of Example 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixing step was performed using the entire amount of the obtained aqueous solution.
- the ratio of the amount of cation substances in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of substances capable of imparting cations in the raw material mordenite was 1.9.
- Example 7 The specific surface area and crystallinity of the obtained solid catalyst were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the solid catalyst of Example 7 had a specific surface area of 6.2 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 93.5%. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 7 was used.
- Example 8 A solid catalyst was produced using the second production method. Specifically, 9.0 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in pure water, and the volume was adjusted to 150 mL using a volumetric flask to prepare a solution in which a basic salt was dissolved in a solvent. 132 mL of the obtained aqueous solution was measured and mixed with 3.0 g of 620HOA, which is the raw material mordenite, in a glass container to obtain a mixed solution (mixing step). In Example 8, the ratio of the amount of the cation substance in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of the substance capable of imparting cations in the starting mordenite was 33.
- the mixed solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain solution-treated mordenite (stirring step).
- the mordenite was collected from the mixture by suction filtration and washed with water.
- the mordenite was transferred to a magnetic crucible and dried and calcined in an air atmosphere for 12 hours in an electric furnace set at 500° C. to obtain a solid catalyst of Example 8 (calcination step).
- Example 8 The specific surface area and crystallinity of the obtained solid catalyst were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the solid catalyst of Example 8 had a specific surface area of 17.0 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 100%. The crystallinity of the solid catalyst of Example 8 was 100%, but it is only 100% in significant figures, and it is estimated that the actual value is slightly smaller than 100%. be. That is, in Example 8, in the stirring step, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and the raw material mordenite reacted to dissolve some components of the raw material mordenite, and the raw material mordenite adsorbed (carried) sodium ions, followed by the firing step. , it is presumed that a very thin surface layer having micropores is formed. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 8 was used.
- Example 9 1.2 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in pure water, and the volume was adjusted to 100 mL using a volumetric flask to prepare a solution in which a basic salt was dissolved in a solvent. 31 mL of the resulting aqueous solution was measured and mixed with 3.0 g of 620HOA, which is the raw material mordenite (mixing step). Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, a solid catalyst of Example 9 was produced. In Example 9, the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cation-donating material in the raw material mordenite was 1.5.
- the specific surface area of the resulting solid catalyst was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the specific surface area of the solid catalyst of Example 9 was 53.8 m 2 /g. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 9 was used.
- Example 10 0.43 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 4.5 mL of pure water to prepare a solution in which a basic salt was dissolved in a solvent. The total amount of the obtained aqueous solution was mixed with 5.0 g of 620HOA, which is the raw material mordenite (mixing step). Thereafter, a solid catalyst of Example 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 10, the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cation-donating material in the starting mordenite was 1.1.
- the specific surface area of the resulting solid catalyst was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the specific surface area of the solid catalyst of Example 10 was 27.0 m 2 /g. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 10 was used.
- Example 11 0.62 g of sodium carbonate was dissolved in 4.0 mL of pure water to prepare a solution in which a basic salt was dissolved in a solvent. The total amount of the obtained aqueous solution was mixed with 5.0 g of 620HOA, which is the raw material mordenite (mixing step). Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, a solid catalyst of Example 11 was produced. In Example 11, the ratio of the amount of cations in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of cation-donating material in the starting mordenite was 1.2.
- the specific surface area of the resulting solid catalyst was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the specific surface area of the solid catalyst of Example 11 was 32.4 m 2 /g. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 11 was used.
- Example 12 A solid catalyst was produced using the third production method. That is, 5 g of basic mordenite (trade name: 642NAA, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) having Na + as a cation, which is a raw material mordenite, was fired at 700 ° C. for 1 hour (high temperature firing step) to obtain the solid of Example 12. A catalyst was produced.
- basic mordenite trade name: 642NAA, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- the specific surface area of the resulting solid catalyst was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the specific surface area of the solid catalyst of Example 12 was 9.37 m 2 /g. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 12 was used.
- Example 13 2.3 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in pure water, and the volume was adjusted to 200 mL using a volumetric flask to prepare a solution in which a basic salt was dissolved in a solvent. The total amount of the obtained aqueous solution was mixed with 15 g of 620HOA, which is the raw material mordenite (mixing step). Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, a solid catalyst of Example 13 was produced. In Example 13, the ratio of the amount of cation substances in the basic salt contained in the solution to the amount of substances capable of imparting cations in the raw material mordenite was 1.9.
- the specific surface area of the resulting solid catalyst was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the specific surface area of the solid catalyst of Example 13 was 4.42 m 2 /g. Thereafter, monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Example 13 was used.
- Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that 620HOA was used as the solid catalyst, the ammonia flow rate was 2.0 L/h, the methanol flow rate was 1.1 mL/h, and the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was 2.2/h. , to produce monomethylamine.
- the specific surface area and crystallinity of the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the solid catalyst of Comparative Example 1 had a specific surface area of 401 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 100%.
- Comparative example 2 As the solid catalyst, basic mordenite (trade name: 642NAA, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) having Na + as a cation was used, and the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was set to 1.1 per hour. Monomethylamine was prepared in a similar manner. The specific surface area and crystallinity of the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the solid catalyst of Comparative Example 1 had a specific surface area of 349 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 100%.
- Comparative Example 3 (Comparative Example 3) Instead of a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent, 4.2 g of sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 , manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in pure water, and the volume was adjusted to 100 mL using a volumetric flask. The mixing step was performed using the entire amount. Thereafter, a solid catalyst of Comparative Example 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the specific surface area and crystallinity of the obtained solid catalyst were determined in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the solid catalyst of Comparative Example 3 had a specific surface area of 68.6 m 2 /g and a crystallinity of 99.4%.
- monomethylamine was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid catalyst of Comparative Example 3 was used.
- compositions of the reaction products obtained by the reactions of Examples 2 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC).
- GC gas chromatography
- the solid catalysts of Examples 1 to 13 were produced using raw material mordenite, and as shown in Table 1, the specific surface area (BET) calculated by the BET method was 4 to 60 m 2 /g, and the crystal structure was is a mordenite-type zeolite.
- BET specific surface area
- Example 1 uses the same solid catalyst, but compared with Example 2 with a different weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), the conversion of methanol, the yield of monomethylamine, and the selectivity of monomethylamine are all High and good.
- the reaction of Example 1 uses the same solid catalyst, and compared with Examples 3 and 4 with different raw material molar ratios (ammonia/methanol) and weight hourly space velocities (WHSV), methanol conversion rate, monomethylamine Both the yield and the selectivity of monomethylamine were high and favorable.
- WHSV weight hourly space velocity
- the amount of cationic substances in the basic salt contained in the solution with respect to the amount of substances capable of imparting cations in the raw material mordenite used in the mixing step Amount ratio ((sum of [valence x amount of substance] of cations in the salt contained in the solution) / (amount of substance at a point where cations can be imparted in raw mordenite)), and / or basicity It was confirmed that solid catalysts with different specific surface areas could be produced by changing the concentration of the basic salt contained in the solution of the salt dissolved in the solvent.
- the solid catalyst used in Comparative Example 2 has Na + as a cation, and the acid sites are partially neutralized. Therefore, in the reaction of Comparative Example 2 using this solid catalyst, the reaction rate in the above-described (first reaction) to (fourth reaction) is slower than in Comparative Example 1. From this, in Comparative Example 2, the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was made smaller than in Comparative Example 1, and the contact time between the solid catalyst and the raw material was increased. High yields and selectivities of dimethylamine and low yields of dimethylamine and trimethylamine were obtained.
- WHSV weight hourly space velocity
- the solid catalyst of Comparative Example 3 had a specific surface area (BET) of 68 as calculated by the BET method because an aqueous sodium sulfate solution exhibiting neutrality was used instead of a solution of a basic salt dissolved in a solvent in the mixing step. .6 m 2 /g, exceeding 60 m 2 /g. It is presumed that this is because the surface of the raw material mordenite was not sufficiently dissolved in the manufacturing process of the solid catalyst. Therefore, it is presumed that a surface layer having micropores through which monomethylamine molecules can pass but trimethylamine molecules cannot pass is not formed on the surface of the solid catalyst of Comparative Example 3. As a result, it is presumed that in the reaction using the solid catalyst of Comparative Example 3, the production of trimethylamine could not be suppressed and the selectivity to monomethylamine was low.
- BET specific surface area
- the composition of the reaction product obtained by the reaction of Reference Example 1 was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC).
- GC gas chromatography
- the reaction products contained monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanol, diethyl ether produced by the reaction between ethanol, and many other organic substances were detected.
- the yield of monoethylamine was determined in the same manner as the yield of monomethylamine in Example 1. As a result, the yield of monoethylamine was 0.4%.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年10月11日に、日本に出願された特願2021-166985号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
トリメチルアミンは、モノメチルアミンおよびジメチルアミンと比較して需要が著しく少ない。このため、反応系に転送されて再利用される。また、モノメチルアミンおよびジメチルアミンについても、生成量と需要が整合しないことが多く、余剰に生成した成分については、トリメチルアミンと同様に、反応系に転送されて再利用される。
メチルアミン類の回収プロセスは、例えば、非特許文献1に記載されている。
例えば、特許文献1~特許文献3には、アンモニアとメタノールとを、ナトリウムを含有するモルデナイト触媒の存在下で気相にて反応させて、ジメチルアミンを製造する方法が記載されている。さらに、特許文献3には、触媒中のアルカリ金属含量が増大するにつれて反応速度が低下すること、アルカリ金属含量が一定量を超えると、モノメチルアミンの生成量が増し、ジメチルアミンの生成比が減少することが記載されている。
特許文献5には、アンモニアとメタノールの気相接触反応によりメチルアミン類を製造する方法が記載されている。また、特許文献5には、トリメチルアミンを、アンモニアとの共沸混合物として留出させること、トリメチルアミンが、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミンと共沸することが記載されている。
モノメチルアミンは、アンモニアと、メタノールなどのメチル化剤とを反応させる方法によって製造できる。しかしながら、この方法では、反応により生成したモノメチルアミンが、以下に示す理由により、ジメチルアミンおよびトリメチルアミンに転化されやすい。
このようなモノメチルアミンの製造方法として、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応時間を短くし、モノメチルアミンとメチル化剤との反応、およびジメチルアミンとメチル化剤との反応を抑制するとともに、塩基を用いて一部中和した固体酸触媒を用いる方法がある。この方法を用いることにより、アンモニア、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミンから選ばれるいずれかの化合物と、メチル化剤との反応速度、およびこれらの化合物から選ばれる2つの化合物同士の反応速度を低下させ、モノメチルアミンの選択率を高くできる。
また、本発明は、反応時間を長くしてもトリメチルアミンの生成を十分に抑制でき、メチル化剤の転化率を確保しつつ、高い選択率で効率よくモノメチルアミンを製造できるモノメチルアミンの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
その結果、窒素分子をプローブとしたガス吸着特性からBET法により算出される比表面積が4~60m2/gであり、結晶構造がモルデナイト型のゼオライトである固体触媒の存在下で、アンモニアとメチル化剤とを反応させることにより、メチル化剤の転化率を確保しつつ、トリメチルアミンの生成を十分に抑制でき、高い選択率で効率よくモノメチルアミンを製造できることを見出し、本発明を想到した。
すなわち、本発明は以下の事項に関する。
原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、
前記混合液を蒸発乾固させて溶液処理後モルデナイトとする蒸発乾固工程と、
前記溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程と、を含む、固体触媒の製造方法。
[3] 前記固体触媒が、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応によるモノメチルアミン製造用の固体触媒である、[1]または[2]に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
[4] 前記焼成工程は、前記溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成することにより焼成モルデナイトを得る第1焼成工程と、
前記焼成モルデナイトを前記溶媒で洗浄する洗浄工程と、
洗浄後の焼成モルデナイトを焼成する第2焼成工程と、を含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
[6] 前記塩基性の塩が、陰イオンとして水酸化物イオン及び炭酸イオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
[7] 前記塩基性の塩が、水酸化ナトリウムを含む、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、
前記混合液を撹拌して溶液処理後モルデナイトとする攪拌工程と、
前記溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程と、を含む、固体触媒の製造方法。
[10] 前記固体触媒が、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応によるモノメチルアミン製造用の固体触媒である、[8]または[9]に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
[12] 前記塩基性の塩が、陰イオンとして水酸化物イオンを含む、[8]~[11]のいずれかに記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
[13] 前記塩基性の塩が、水酸化ナトリウムを含む、[8]~[12]のいずれかに記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
原料モルデナイトを、650~1000℃の温度で焼成する焼成工程を含む、固体触媒の製造方法。
[15] 前記固体触媒の結晶化度が80%以上である、[14]に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
[16] 前記固体触媒が、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応によるモノメチルアミン製造用の固体触媒である、[14]または[15]に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
[18] [17]に記載の固体触媒の存在下で、アンモニアとメチル化剤とを反応させることを特徴とする、モノメチルアミンの製造方法。
[19] 前記メチル化剤がメタノールである[18]に記載のモノメチルアミンの製造方法。
[20] 前記アンモニアの使用量と前記メチル化剤の使用量とのモル比が、0.2~5の範囲内である、[18]または[19]に記載のモノメチルアミンの製造方法。
[21] 前記反応における重量空間速度が、0.1~3.0毎時の範囲内である、[18]~[20]のいずれかに記載のモノメチルアミンの製造方法。
本発明のモノメチルアミンの製造方法によれば、反応時間を長くしてもトリメチルアミンの生成を十分に抑制でき、メチル化剤の転化率を確保しつつ、高い選択率で効率よくモノメチルアミンを製造できる。
まず、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応機構について説明する。ここでは、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応、および反応によって生成される反応生成物を具体的に記述するため、メチル化剤としてメタノールを用いた場合を例に挙げて説明する。
(第2反応)モノメチルアミンとメタノールとが反応して、ジメチルアミン((CH3)2NH)と水(H2O)が生成する。
(第4反応)アンモニア、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミンの4種類の化合物から選ばれる2つの化合物(同じ種類の化合物であってもよいし、異なる種類の化合物であってもよい)同士が反応して、片方の分子の窒素原子に結合した水素原子と、もう一方の分子の窒素原子に結合したメチル基との交換反応が進行する。
(1)原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、混合液を蒸発乾固させて溶液処理後モルデナイトとする蒸発乾固工程と、溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程とを含む方法。
(2)原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、混合液を撹拌して溶液処理後モルデナイトとする攪拌工程と、溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程とを含む方法。
(3)原料モルデナイトを、650~1000℃の温度で焼成する方法。
本実施形態の固体触媒は、比表面積が4~60m2/gであり、モルデナイト型ゼオライトである。
本実施形態の固体触媒は、結晶構造がモルデナイト型のゼオライトであるため、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応速度を効果的に促進できる。
比表面積が60m2/g以下であり、モルデナイト型ゼオライトである固体触媒が、上記(1)~(3)のいずれかの方法により製造されたものである場合、固体触媒には、トリメチルアミン分子が通過できない微小細孔が形成されているものと推定される。このため、比表面積が60m2/g以下である固体触媒の存在下で、例えば、アンモニアとメチル化剤とを反応させた場合、反応生成物のうちトリメチルアミン分子のサイズ未満の化合物のみ回収できる。よって、トリメチルアミンの生成を抑制し、高い選択率でモノメチルアミンを生成させることができる。
本実施形態の固体触媒は、例えば、以下に示す第1製造方法~第3製造方法を用いて製造できる。
<第1製造方法>
第1製造方法は、原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、混合液を蒸発乾固させて溶液処理後モルデナイトとする蒸発乾固工程と、溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程と、を含む。
第1製造方法では、混合工程を行うことにより、原料モルデナイトの酸点に、塩基性の塩に含まれる陽イオンをイオン結合させて、原料モルデナイトの細孔に陽イオンを担持させるとともに、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液と原料モルデナイトとを反応させる。
原料モルデナイトとしては、市販品を用いてもよい。具体的には、原料モルデナイトとして、酸性モルデナイトである620HOA(東ソー株式会社製)、640HOA(東ソー株式会社製)などを用いることができる。
また、溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度は、原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液との均一な混合液が得られるため、10mol/L以下であることが好ましく、2.5mol/L以下であることがより好ましく、1.0mol/L以下であることがさらに好ましい。溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度が10mol/L以下であると、混合液を蒸発乾固させるために必要な時間が十分に長くなる。また、混合液を蒸発乾固させる時間を短縮するために、混合液を加熱しながら蒸発乾固する場合には、加熱温度を高くする。いずれの場合においても、溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度が10mol/L以下であると、蒸発乾固工程における原料モルデナイトと塩基性の塩との反応が促進される。よって、原料モルデナイトの表面が、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液によって十分に溶解され、塩基性の塩と原料モルデナイトとの反応生成物が十分に生成する。
蒸発乾固工程では、原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液との混合液を、蒸発乾固させて溶液処理後モルデナイトとする。
蒸発乾固の方法は、混合液中に含まれる溶媒の種類に応じて適宜決定でき、特に限定されない。溶媒が水である場合、例えば、大気雰囲気下の室温環境に、適切な時間静置する方法により行っても良い。この場合、静置する時間は、溶媒を除去できればよく、特に限定されないが、例えば5~14日間であってもよく、7~12日間であってもよく、10日間程度であってもよい。蒸発乾固は、室温以上かつ溶媒の沸点以下の温度であって、溶媒の突沸が起こらない温度に設定したオーブンを用いて、大気雰囲気下で適切な時間加熱する方法により行ってもよい。この方法を用いることにより、蒸発乾固が完了するまでに必要な時間を短縮できる。オーブンを用いて加熱する時間は、加熱温度に応じて適宜調整すればよい。例えば、溶媒が水である場合、80℃程度の温度で5~10時間で行ってもよいし、50℃程度の温度で40~60時間行ってもよい。
焼成工程においては、蒸発乾固工程を行うことにより得られた溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する。焼成工程を行うことにより、混合工程および蒸発乾固工程において、塩基性の塩と原料モルデナイトとが反応して生成した成分を、原料モルデナイトの表面に析出させ、定着させる。
第1焼成工程における溶液処理後モルデナイトの焼成は、例えば、大気雰囲気下300~600℃で1~20時間加熱する方法により、行うことができる。溶液処理後モルデナイトの焼成は、大気雰囲気下450~550℃で6~15時間加熱する方法により、行うことが好ましい。第1焼成工程における焼成温度が600℃以下であると、焼成することによって原料モルデナイトの表面の結晶構造が破壊されることを防止できる。
焼成モルデナイトを洗浄する方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、焼成モルデナイトを適切な濾材の上に置いて溶媒を通じる方法、ガラス製のカラムに焼成モルデナイトを詰めて溶媒を通じる方法、ビーカー中に溶媒と焼成モルデナイトとを入れて撹拌し、静置した後、上澄み液をピペットで除去する方法などにより行うことができる。
第2焼成工程における焼成条件は、第1焼成工程における焼成条件と同じであってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
以上の工程により、本実施形態の固体触媒が得られる。
第1製造方法における混合工程および蒸発乾固工程を行うと、原料モルデナイトと塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とが反応し、原料モルデナイトに陽イオンが担持されるとともに、原料モルデナイトの一部の成分が溶解する。溶解する成分としては、例えば、酸化ナトリウムなどが挙げられる。このとき、溶解せずに残留した原料モルデナイトによって、固体触媒のモルデナイト層が形成され、固体触媒は、好ましくは結晶化度が80%以上のものとなる。
第1製造方法において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比((溶液に含まれる塩中の陽イオンの[価数×物質量]の総和)/(原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量))、および塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度を変化させることにより、比表面積の異なる固体触媒を製造できる。
したがって、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比、および塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度を変化させることにより、固体触媒の有する微小細孔のサイズを制御できる。
また、第1製造方法により製造した固体触媒は、蒸発乾固工程を含む製造方法により製造されたものであるため、結晶化度が80%以上であるものは、原料モルデナイトの表面が塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液によって過剰に溶解されておらず、モノメチルアミン分子が通過しやすい大きさの微小細孔を有する表層が形成されているものである。
第2製造方法は、原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、混合液を撹拌して溶液処理後モルデナイトとする攪拌工程と、溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程と、を含む。
第2製造方法では、第1製造方法と同様に、混合工程を行うことにより、原料モルデナイトの酸点に、塩基性の塩に含まれる陽イオンをイオン結合させて、原料モルデナイトの細孔に陽イオンを担持させるとともに、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液と原料モルデナイトとを反応させる。
第2製造方法における攪拌工程では、蒸発乾固工程において混合液中の塩基性の塩の濃度が上昇する第1製造方法とは異なり、混合液中の塩基性の塩の濃度は変化しない。このことから、攪拌工程において、混合液中の塩基性の塩と原料モルデナイトとの反応を十分に進行させるため、塩基性の塩として、水酸化ナトリウムなどの強塩基性を示す塩を用いることが好ましい。
また、溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度は、10mol/L以下であることが好ましく、5mol/L以下であることがより好ましい。溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度が10mol/L以下であると、原料モルデナイトと塩基性の塩との反応が過度に進行することがない。このため、モノメチルアミンの生成反応の促進に寄与するモルデナイト型の結晶構造が過剰に溶解されることがなく、メチル化剤の転化率を十分に確保できる固体触媒が得られる。
攪拌工程では、原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液との混合液を攪拌して、溶液処理後モルデナイトとする。混合液を攪拌する方法としては、公知の方法を用いることができ、特に限定されない。
溶液処理後モルデナイトの洗浄は、例えば、濾取した溶液処理後モルデナイトに対して、さらに塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液に使用した溶媒を通じる方法により行うことが出来る。
焼成工程においては、攪拌工程を行うことにより得られた溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する。焼成工程を行うことにより、混合工程および攪拌工程において塩基性の塩と原料モルデナイトとが反応して生成した成分を、原料モルデナイトの表面に析出させ、定着させる。
以上の工程により、本実施形態の固体触媒が得られる。
すなわち、第2製造方法における混合工程および攪拌工程を行うと、第1製造方法における混合工程および蒸発乾固工程を行った場合と同様に、原料モルデナイトと塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とが反応し、原料モルデナイトに陽イオンが担持されるとともに、原料モルデナイトの一部の成分が溶解する。
溶解した原料モルデナイトの成分は、第2製造方法における焼結工程によって、第1製造方法における焼結工程と同様に、結晶性を維持した原料モルデナイトの表面に析出し、微小細孔を有する表層を形成する。第2製造方法では、第1製造方法における蒸発乾固工程を行わず、攪拌工程を行うため、第1製造方法と比較して溶解する原料モルデナイトが僅かであり、表層の厚みが非常に薄く、100%に近い結晶化度を有する固体触媒が形成される。
第2製造方法により製造した固体触媒の有する微小細孔は、第1製造方法により製造した固体触媒と同様に、比表面積が小さいものほど小さいと推定され、比表面積が60m2/g以下である固体触媒の有する微小細孔は、トリメチルアミン分子が通過できないと推定される。
したがって、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比、および塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液中に含まれる塩基性の塩の濃度、混合液の攪拌時間から選ばれる1つ以上の条件を変化させることにより、固体触媒の有する微小細孔のサイズを制御できる。
第3製造方法は、原料モルデナイトを、650~1000℃の温度で焼成する焼成工程(高温焼成工程)を含む。
原料モルデナイトとしては、市販品を用いてもよい。具体的には、原料モルデナイトとして、塩基性モルデナイトである642NAA(東ソー株式会社製)などを用いることができる。
したがって、第3製造方法により製造した固体触媒は、第1製造方法および第2造方法により製造した固体触媒とは異なり、モルデナイト層の表面に表層が形成されていない場合があり、微小細孔が表層に形成されているとは限らない。
次に、本実施形態のモノメチルアミンの製造方法について詳細に説明する。
本実施形態のモノメチルアミンの製造方法では、上述した本実施形態の固体触媒の存在下で、気相にてアンモニアとメチル化剤とを反応させる。
メチル化剤としては、例えば、メタノール、ジメチルエーテル、クロロメタン、ブロモメタン、ヨードメタンなどを用いることができる。これらの中でも、安価で常温で液体であるため扱いやすく、有害性も相対的に小さいため、メチル化剤として、メタノールを用いることが好ましい。
(2)原料モルデナイトに由来する細孔内で、アンモニア、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミンが生成する。
(4)固体触媒の微小細孔を通過できないトリメチルアミン(微小細孔が、ジメチルアミン分子が通過できないものである場合には、トリメチルアミンおよびジメチルアミン)は、固体触媒の原料モルデナイトに由来する細孔内に留まる。
モノメチルアミンは、モノメチルアミンの誘導体の合成に好適に用いることができる。そのような誘導体としては、例えば、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)が挙げられる。
NMPの製造方法としては、例えば、モノメチルアミンを、ガンマブチロラクトンと混合して加熱する方法を用いることができる。
「固体触媒の製造」
第1製造方法を用いて固体触媒を製造した。
すなわち、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH、純正化学株式会社製)1.3gを、純水に溶解し、メスフラスコを使用して100mLに定容し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液(0.33mol/L)とした。ガラス製容器内で、原料モルデナイトである陽イオンとしてH+を有する酸性モルデナイト(商品名;620HOA、東ソー株式会社製)15gと、上述の水溶液全量とを混合した(混合工程)。
なお、原料モルデナイト1gあたり、陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量は、2.0mmolであった。実施例1において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、1.1であった。
このようにして得た実施例1の固体触媒の比表面積および結晶化度を、以下に示す方法により求めた。その結果、表1に示すように、実施例1の固体触媒の比表面積は15.8m2/gであり、結晶化度は98.3%であった。
固体触媒のガス吸着特性を、窒素分子をプローブとして、液体窒素温度にて比表面積測定装置(マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社製、BELSORP-mini ii)にて測定し、BET法にて解析することにより、比表面積を求めた。
結晶化度は、下記の方法で測定したX線回折測定のプロファイルに対して、Panalytical製のソフトウェアであるHigh Scoreを用いて、以下のように算出した。
(1)プロファイルに対してピークサーチを行った。
(2)2θ=24°の位置に半値幅12°、総積分強度を1000cts×°2θと設定した非晶質を表すピークを挿入した。
(3)ピーク位置を固定して、ピーク強度、半値幅、シェイプパラメータに対してプロファイルフィッティングを行った。
(4)得られた各ピークの積分強度の総和と24°の位置のピークの積分強度から、以下の式にて結晶化度(%)を算出した。
X線回折測定は、固体触媒を深さ0.5mmのガラスホルダーに詰め、以下の条件で行った。
・装置:Panalytical製MPD X‘Pert Pro
・X線源:Cu Kα線
・入射X線側フィルター:10mm真鍮製マスク
・検出器側フィルター:Niフィルター
・入射側スリット:Sollerslit0.04rad ASS1/8°
・検出器側スリット:ASS5.0mm Sollerslit0.04rad
・検出器:PIXel1D
・測定法:反射法
・操作域:2θ=5°~120°の範囲
・ステップ幅:0.006565°
・計数時間:78.795sec/step
次に、実施例1の固体触媒の存在下で、以下に示す方法により、アンモニアとメチル化剤とを反応させてモノメチルアミンを製造した。
すなわち、排気ポート付ペレットダイスセット(Spectac社製、GS3300)を使用して、手動油圧プレス(Spectac社製)により、固体触媒2.0gに対し、4tの加圧を15分間行って触媒錠剤とした。得られた触媒錠剤を粉砕し、0.9mmの目の篩は通過するが0.4mmの目の篩は通過しない触媒粒を得た。この触媒粒1.0gを反応管に詰めた。
反応は、アンモニアとメタノールの送量がそれぞれ0.64gおよび0.50gとなった時点まで継続した。
その結果、反応生成物から、目的物であるモノメチルアミンが検出され、その他に、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、ジメチルエーテルが副生物として検出され、未反応の原料であるアンモニアとメタノールも検出された。
以下に示す方法により、各化合物の検量線を求めた。
メタノール(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、超脱水、有機合成用)、メチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン(いずれも東京化成工業株式会社製、水溶液)をそれぞれ希釈し、濃度の異なる3つ以上のサンプルを調製した。各サンプルを、ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)を用いて分析し、得られたピーク面積より検量線を求めた。
ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)を用いて、反応生成物を含む水溶液を分析し、メチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミンのピーク面積それぞれを求めた。その後、上記の方法により求めた検量線と、反応生成物を含む水溶液の質量とに基づいて、反応生成物を含む水溶液中のメタノール、メチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミンの含有量を算出し、それぞれモル数を求めた。
また、原料として使用したメタノールのモル数に対する、反応生成物を含む水溶液中のモノメチルアミンのモル数の割合を求め、モノメチルアミンの収率を算出した。
さらに、メタノールの転化率に対する、モノメチルアミンの収率の割合を求め、モノメチルアミンの選択率を求めた。
また、原料として使用したメタノールのモル数に対する、反応生成物を含む水溶液中のトリメチルアミンのモル数の割合を求め、トリメチルアミンの収率を算出した。
アンモニア流速を1.0L毎時、メタノール流速を0.55mL毎時とし、重量空間速度(WHSV)を1.1毎時としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
メタノール流速を0.81mL毎時とすることで原料モル比(アンモニア/メタノール)を1.0とし、アンモニアの送量を0.21gとし、重量空間速度(WHSV)を0.98毎時としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
メタノール流速を1.6mL毎時とすることで原料モル比(アンモニア/メタノール)を0.50とし、アンモニアの送量を0.11gとし、重量空間速度(WHSV)を1.6毎時としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
実施例1と同様の塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液を36.4mL測り取り、原料モルデナイトである3.0gの620HOAと混合したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例5の固体触媒を製造した。実施例5において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、2.0であった。
その後、実施例5の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
水酸化ナトリウム0.40gを純水に溶解し、メスフラスコを使用して50mLに定容し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液(0.20mol/L)とした。得られた水溶液全量と、原料モルデナイトである4.5gの620HOAとを混合した(混合工程)。その後、実施例1と同様にして実施例6の固体触媒を製造した。実施例6において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、1.1であった。
その後、実施例6の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3、純正化学株式会社製)3.1gを、純水に溶解し、メスフラスコを使用して100mLに定容し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とした。得られた水溶液全量を用いて混合工程を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例7の固体触媒を製造した。実施例7において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、1.9であった。
その後、実施例7の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
第2製造方法を用いて固体触媒を製造した。
すなわち、水酸化ナトリウム9.0gを純水に溶解し、メスフラスコを使用して150mLに定容し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とした。得られた水溶液を132mL測り取り、ガラス製容器内で原料モルデナイトである3.0gの620HOAと混合し、混合液とした(混合工程)。実施例8において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、33であった。
実施例8の固体触媒の結晶化度は100%であったが、有効数字で100%となっているにすぎず、実際には100%よりもわずかに小さい値になっているものと推定される。すなわち、実施例8では、攪拌工程において、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と原料モルデナイトとが反応して、原料モルデナイトの一部の成分が溶解するとともに、原料モルデナイトにナトリウムイオンが吸着(担持)され、焼成工程において、微小細孔を有するごく薄い表層が形成されているものと推定される。
その後、実施例8の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
水酸化ナトリウム1.2gを純水に溶解し、メスフラスコを使用して100mLに定容し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とした。得られた水溶液を31mL測り取り、原料モルデナイトである3.0gの620HOAと混合した(混合工程)。その後、実施例1と同様にして実施例9の固体触媒を製造した。実施例9において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、1.5であった。
その後、実施例9の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
水酸化ナトリウム0.43gを純水4.5mLに溶解し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とした。得られた水溶液全量と、原料モルデナイトである5.0gの620HOAとを混合した(混合工程)。その後、実施例1と同様にして実施例10の固体触媒を製造した。実施例10において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、1.1であった。
その後、実施例10の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
炭酸ナトリウム0.62gを純水4.0mLに溶解し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とした。得られた水溶液全量と、原料モルデナイトである5.0gの620HOAとを混合した(混合工程)。その後、実施例1と同様にして実施例11の固体触媒を製造した。実施例11において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、1.2であった。
その後、実施例11の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
第3製造方法を用いて固体触媒を製造した。
すなわち、原料モルデナイトである陽イオンとしてNa+を有する塩基性モルデナイト(商品名;642NAA、東ソー株式会社製)5gを、700℃で1時間焼成する(高温焼成工程)ことにより、実施例12の固体触媒を製造した。
その後、実施例12の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
水酸化ナトリウム2.3gを純水に溶解し、メスフラスコを使用して200mLに定容し、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とした。得られた水溶液全量と、原料モルデナイトである15gの620HOAとを混合した(混合工程)。その後、実施例1と同様にして実施例13の固体触媒を製造した。実施例13において、原料モルデナイト中の陽イオンを付与可能な点の物質量に対する、溶液に含まれる塩基性の塩中の陽イオンの物質量の比は、1.9であった。
その後、実施例13の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
固体触媒として、620HOAを使用し、アンモニア流速を2.0L毎時、メタノール流速を1.1mL毎時とし、重量空間速度(WHSV)を2.2毎時としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
比較例1の触媒について、実施例1と同様にして、比表面積および結晶化度を求めた。その結果、比較例1の固体触媒の比表面積は401m2/gであり、結晶化度は100%であった。
固体触媒として、陽イオンとしてNa+を有する塩基性モルデナイト(商品名;642NAA、東ソー株式会社製)を使用し、重量空間速度(WHSV)を1.1毎時としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
比較例2の触媒について、実施例1と同様にして、比表面積および結晶化度を求めた。その結果、比較例1の固体触媒の比表面積は349m2/gであり、結晶化度は100%であった。
塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液の代わりに、硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4、純正化学株式会社製)4.2gを純水に溶解し、メスフラスコを使用して100mLに定容した水溶液全量を用いて混合工程を行った。その後、実施例1と同様にして比較例3の固体触媒を製造した。
その後、比較例3の固体触媒を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノメチルアミンを製造した。
その結果、実施例2~実施例13、比較例1~比較例3のいずれにおいても、反応生成物から、目的物であるモノメチルアミンが検出され、その他に、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、ジメチルエーテルが副生物として検出され、未反応の原料であるアンモニアとメタノールも検出された。
また、実施例1の反応は、同じ固体触媒を使用し、原料モル比(アンモニア/メタノール)および重量空間速度(WHSV)の異なる実施例3、4と比較して、メタノール転化率、モノメチルアミンの収率、モノメチルアミンの選択率がいずれも高く、良好であった。
その結果、比較例1の反応では、トリメチルアミンの収率が33%と多かった。また、比較例1の反応では、モノメチルアミンの選択率が39%であり、実施例1~実施例13と比較して、モノメチルアミンの選択率が低かった。
メタノールの代わりにエタノールを使用し、アンモニアとエタノールの送量がそれぞれ0.55gおよび0.50gとなった時点まで継続したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、モノエチルアミンを製造した。
その結果、参考例1においては、反応生成物中に、モノエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、エタノール、エタノール同士の反応によって生成するジエチルエーテルが含まれ、その他にも多数の有機物が検出された。
また、実施例1におけるモノメチルアミンの収率と同様にして、モノエチルアミンの収率を求めた。その結果、モノエチルアミンの収率は0.4%であった。
Claims (21)
- 比表面積が4~60m2/gであり、モルデナイト型ゼオライトである固体触媒の製造方法であって、
原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、
前記混合液を蒸発乾固させて溶液処理後モルデナイトとする蒸発乾固工程と、
前記溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程と、を含む、固体触媒の製造方法。 - 前記固体触媒の結晶化度が80%以上である、請求項1に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記固体触媒が、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応によるモノメチルアミン製造用の固体触媒である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記焼成工程は、前記溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成することにより焼成モルデナイトを得る第1焼成工程と、
前記焼成モルデナイトを前記溶媒で洗浄する洗浄工程と、
洗浄後の焼成モルデナイトを焼成する第2焼成工程と、を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。 - 前記塩基性の塩が、陽イオンとしてナトリウムイオンを含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記塩基性の塩が、陰イオンとして水酸化物イオン及び炭酸イオンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記塩基性の塩が、水酸化ナトリウムを含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 比表面積が4~60m2/gであり、モルデナイト型ゼオライトである固体触媒の製造方法であって、
原料モルデナイトと、塩基性の塩を溶媒に溶解した溶液とを混合して、混合液とする混合工程と、
前記混合液を撹拌して溶液処理後モルデナイトとする攪拌工程と、
前記溶液処理後モルデナイトを焼成する焼成工程と、を含む、固体触媒の製造方法。 - 前記固体触媒の結晶化度が80%以上である、請求項8に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記固体触媒が、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応によるモノメチルアミン製造用の固体触媒である、請求項8または請求項9に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記塩基性の塩が、陽イオンとしてナトリウムイオンを含む、請求項8または請求項9に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記塩基性の塩が、陰イオンとして水酸化物イオンを含む、請求項8または請求項9に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記塩基性の塩が、水酸化ナトリウムを含む、請求項8または請求項9に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 比表面積が4~60m2/gであり、モルデナイト型ゼオライトである固体触媒の製造方法であって、
原料モルデナイトを、650~1000℃の温度で焼成する焼成工程を含む、固体触媒の製造方法。 - 前記固体触媒の結晶化度が80%以上である、請求項14に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 前記固体触媒が、アンモニアとメチル化剤との反応によるモノメチルアミン製造用の固体触媒である、請求項14または請求項15に記載の固体触媒の製造方法。
- 請求項1、請求項8、請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の固体触媒の製造方法により製造された、比表面積が4~60m2/gであり、モルデナイト型ゼオライトである固体触媒。
- 請求項17に記載の固体触媒の存在下で、アンモニアとメチル化剤とを反応させることを特徴とする、モノメチルアミンの製造方法。
- 前記メチル化剤がメタノールである、請求項18に記載のモノメチルアミンの製造方法。
- 前記アンモニアの使用量と前記メチル化剤の使用量とのモル比が、0.2~5の範囲内である、請求項18に記載のモノメチルアミンの製造方法。
- 前記反応における重量空間速度が、0.1~3.0毎時の範囲内である、請求項18に記載のモノメチルアミンの製造方法。
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