WO2023065185A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023065185A1
WO2023065185A1 PCT/CN2021/125106 CN2021125106W WO2023065185A1 WO 2023065185 A1 WO2023065185 A1 WO 2023065185A1 CN 2021125106 W CN2021125106 W CN 2021125106W WO 2023065185 A1 WO2023065185 A1 WO 2023065185A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
electrode assembly
central
battery cell
collecting member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/125106
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李英
刘超
迟庆魁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202511902078.7A priority Critical patent/CN121709875A/zh
Priority to CN202180093551.5A priority patent/CN116848709B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/125106 priority patent/WO2023065185A1/zh
Priority to EP21960938.5A priority patent/EP4261989B1/en
Priority to EP25182739.0A priority patent/EP4593191A3/en
Publication of WO2023065185A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023065185A1/zh
Priority to US18/221,880 priority patent/US20230361439A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H01M10/0409—Machines for assembling batteries for cells with wound electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/005—Devices for making primary cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, in particular, to a battery cell, a manufacturing method and equipment thereof, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • this application proposes a battery cell and its manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment, battery and electrical device, the electrolyte can infiltrate the electrode assembly faster and more fully, thereby not only improving the liquid injection efficiency of the battery cell, Moreover, the electric capacity and safety performance of the battery cell are improved.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application proposes a battery cell, including: a casing including a first wall; electrode terminals installed on the first wall insulated; an electrode assembly disposed in the casing, and the electrode assembly has A central hole, a first tab is formed at one end of the electrode assembly facing the first wall; a current collecting member is disposed between the first wall and the electrode assembly, the current collecting member includes a central portion and A peripheral part, the central part corresponds to the position of the central hole, the central part is used to connect the electrode terminal, and the peripheral part is used to connect the first tab; wherein, the current collecting member is provided with There is a guide channel configured to guide the electrolyte in the central hole to diffuse from the central part to the peripheral part.
  • the electrolyte When injecting liquid into the battery cell, the electrolyte enters the center hole, and the guide channel guides the electrolyte in the center hole to diffuse from the center to the surrounding part, so as to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly, which not only improves the liquid injection of the battery cell Efficiency, and improve the capacity and safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the flow guide channel is a first through hole, and the first through hole is located at an edge of the central part.
  • the first through hole is located at the edge of the central part, and the electrolyte flows from the side of the current collecting member close to the electrode assembly to the side close to the first wall of the current collecting member through the first through hole, and then diffuses to the surrounding part, Quickly and thoroughly wet the electrode assembly.
  • the central portion protrudes from the surrounding portion toward the direction of the electrode terminal, and the current collecting member further includes a transition portion surrounding the central portion , the transition portion connects the central portion and the peripheral portion, and the first through hole is disposed in the transition portion.
  • the central portion protrudes beyond the peripheral portion toward the direction of the electrode terminal, and together with the transition portion forms a liquid storage space communicated with the central hole.
  • the first through hole is opened in the transition portion, and after the electrolyte enters the liquid storage space from the central hole, it flows along the opening direction of the first through hole to the side of the current collecting member close to the first wall. Since the electrolyte continues to diffuse to the surrounding portion along the opening direction of the first through hole, the electrode assembly can be quickly and fully wetted.
  • the number of the first through holes is plural, and the plurality of first through holes are arranged at intervals around the central portion.
  • a plurality of first through holes are arranged at intervals around the central part, which can guide the electrolyte solution to diffuse around the circumferential direction of the central part to the surrounding part, so that the electrolyte solution can quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly.
  • the total length of the plurality of first through holes is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the circumference of the transition part.
  • the flow area of the transition part is smaller than the flow area of the central part and the surrounding part connected with it, when the internal current of the battery cell is too large, the current collecting member is fused in time, so that the electrode terminal and the first tab Disconnect the electrical connection in time, so that the battery cell has better safety performance.
  • the first through hole is an arc-shaped hole extending along the circumference of the central part.
  • the first through hole is an arc-shaped hole extending along the circumferential direction of the central part, which can increase the opening area of the first through hole, facilitate the diffusion of the electrolyte, and reduce the convexity of the central part relative to the surrounding part.
  • the height of the battery is reduced, and the thickness of the current collecting member is thinned, so that the structure of the battery cell is compact and has a high energy density.
  • the peripheral portion is provided with a second through hole, and the second through hole is farther away from the central portion than the first through hole.
  • the second through hole is arranged in the peripheral part, which can partially expose the gap between the two adjacent layers of the electrode assembly, and the electrolyte can enter the two adjacent layers of the electrode assembly through the second through hole.
  • the gap between the pole pieces to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly.
  • the number of the second through holes is plural, and the plurality of second through holes are arranged at intervals around the central part.
  • a plurality of second through holes are arranged at intervals around the central part, which can guide the electrolyte around the circumference of the central part into the gap between the two adjacent pole pieces of the electrode assembly, so as to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly .
  • a first groove is provided on a side of the peripheral portion away from the electrode assembly, and the first groove is used to communicate with the first through hole and the second through hole .
  • the first groove is arranged on the side of the peripheral part away from the electrode assembly, and the first groove communicates with the first through hole and the second through hole, and can guide the electrolyte from the first through hole to the second through hole.
  • the holes flow to enter the inside of the electrode assembly, and can increase the space of the side of the current collecting member away from the electrode assembly, increasing the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the first groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral portion along the radial direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the first groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the surrounding part, and can guide excess electrolyte to flow into the gap between the electrode assembly and the casing, so that the electrolyte quickly fills the inside of the casing and fully infiltrates the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cell further includes: an insulator, disposed between the current collecting member and the first wall, for insulating and isolating the current collecting member from the first wall
  • a second groove is provided on a side of the insulator facing the current collecting member, and the second groove is used to communicate with the first through hole and the second through hole.
  • the electrolyte flowing from the first through hole enters the gap between the insulator and the current collecting member, and the second groove can guide the electrolyte to flow from the first through hole to the second through hole to enter the electrode assembly. inside, and can increase the space on the side of the current collecting member away from the electrode assembly, and increase the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the second groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the insulator along the radial direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the second groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the insulator, and can guide excess electrolyte to flow into the gap between the electrode assembly and the shell, so that the electrolyte quickly fills the inside of the shell and fully infiltrates the electrode assembly.
  • the guide channel is a third groove
  • the third groove is provided on the side of the peripheral part facing the electrode assembly
  • the third groove is connected to the The central hole is connected.
  • the electrolyte solution in the central hole enters the gap between the electrode assembly and the current collecting member, and the third groove can guide the electrolyte solution to diffuse to the surrounding part, increasing the diffusion speed of the electrolyte solution.
  • the third groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral portion along the radial direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the third groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the surrounding part, and can guide excess electrolyte to flow into the gap between the electrode assembly and the casing, so that the electrolyte quickly fills the inside of the casing and fully infiltrates the electrode assembly.
  • the housing further includes a second wall, the second wall is disposed opposite to the first wall along the axial direction of the central hole, the second wall is opposite to the central hole A liquid injection hole is provided at a corresponding position, and the battery cell further includes: a sealing member for closing the liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection hole and the guide channel are respectively arranged on both sides of the axis direction of the central hole, the electrolyte enters the central hole through the liquid injection hole, a part of the electrolyte enters the electrode assembly from the central hole, and the other part of the electrolyte enters the guide.
  • the flow channel guides the electrolyte to further diffuse from the central part to the surrounding part, so as to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly.
  • a second tab is formed at one end of the electrode assembly facing the second wall, the polarities of the first tab and the second tab are opposite, and the second pole An ear is electrically connected to the second wall.
  • the first tab of the battery cell is electrically connected to the electrode terminal
  • the second tab is electrically connected to the second wall
  • the battery cell is electrically connected to the outside through the electrode terminal and the shell, which simplifies the installation of the battery cell. structure.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover
  • the housing includes a bottom wall and a side wall
  • the side wall surrounds the bottom wall
  • one end of the side wall is connected to the The bottom walls are connected, the other end forms an opening
  • the end cover covers the opening
  • the first wall is the bottom wall
  • the second wall is the end cover
  • the liquid injection hole is opened on the end cover, the electrode terminal is arranged on the bottom wall, and the current collecting member is arranged between the bottom wall and the electrode assembly, which can allow the electrode terminal and the current collecting member to be welded first, and then covered by the end cover
  • the opening simplifies the assembly process of the battery cells.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a battery including the battery cell described in the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides an electric device, including the battery described in the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application proposes a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including:
  • a casing and an electrode terminal are provided, the casing includes a bottom wall and a side wall, the side wall surrounds the bottom wall, one end of the side wall is connected to the bottom wall, and the other end forms an opening,
  • the electrode terminals are insulated and installed on the bottom wall;
  • An electrode assembly is provided, the electrode assembly has a central hole, a first tab is formed at one end of the electrode assembly, and a second tab is formed at the other end;
  • the current collecting member includes a central portion and a peripheral portion, and the current collecting member is provided with a flow guide channel;
  • An end cover is provided, and a liquid injection hole is arranged on the end cover;
  • Electrolyte is injected into the inside of the housing through the liquid injection hole, the electrolyte enters the central hole, and diffuses from the central part to the peripheral part through the guide channel.
  • the embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present application proposes a battery cell manufacturing equipment, including:
  • the first providing device is used to provide a casing and an electrode terminal
  • the casing includes a bottom wall and a side wall, the side wall surrounds the bottom wall, one end of the side wall is connected to the bottom wall connected, the other end forms an opening, and the electrode terminal is insulated and installed on the bottom wall;
  • the second providing device is used to provide an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly has a central hole, a first tab is formed at one end of the electrode assembly, and a second tab is formed at the other end;
  • the third providing device is used to provide a current-collecting member, the current-collecting member includes a central portion and a peripheral portion, and the current-collecting member is provided with a flow-guiding channel;
  • the fourth providing device is used to provide an end cap, and the end cap is provided with a liquid injection hole;
  • the first assembly module is used to connect the peripheral part with the first tab, make the central part correspond to the central hole, put the electrode assembly into the casing, and make the collector
  • the flow member is located between the bottom wall and the electrode assembly, connects the central part to the electrode terminal, covers the opening and connects the end cap to the second tab, so that the The liquid injection hole corresponds to the position of the central hole;
  • the second assembly module is used for injecting electrolyte solution into the inside of the housing through the liquid injection hole, the electrolyte solution enters the central hole, and flows from the central part to the surrounding through the guide channel Diffusion.
  • FIG. 1 shows is a simple schematic diagram of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the battery of the vehicle in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in Figure 3;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a first form of a current collecting member of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the guide channel and the central hole of the current collecting member in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural view of a second form of current collecting member of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 8 shows a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation of the guide channel and the central hole of the current collecting member in Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic structural view of a third type of current collecting member in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 shows a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation between the guide channel and the central hole of the current collecting member in Fig. 9;
  • Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural view of a third type of current collecting member in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 shows a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation of the guide channel and the central hole of the current collecting member in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of an insulator in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 14 shows a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the insulator and the current guiding channel of the current collecting member in Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 15 shows a schematic structural view of a fourth type of current collecting member in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 shows a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation between the guide channel and the central hole of the current collecting member in Fig. 15;
  • Fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 18 shows a schematic diagram of a battery cell manufacturing equipment according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-battery unit; 11-shell; 111-housing; 1111-bottom wall; 1112-side wall; 112-end cover; 12-electrode assembly; 121-main body; 1211-central hole; 1212-first end; 1213-second end; 122-first tab; 123-second tab; 13-electrode terminal; 14-collecting member ; 141-central part; 142-surrounding part; 1421-second through hole; 1422-first groove; 144-first surface; 145-second surface; 146-storage space; 15-seal; 16-insulator; 20-box; 21-first box; 22-second box; 200-controller; 300-motor; 2000-manufacturing equipment; 2100-first providing device; 2200-second providing device; 2300-third providing device; 2400-fourth providing device; 2500-first assembly module; 2600-second assembly module.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a Detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and can be internal communication of two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a Detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and can be internal communication of two components.
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • a battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells, and the box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell also includes a current collecting member, which is used to electrically connect the tabs of the battery cell to the electrode terminals, so as to transmit electric energy from the electrode assembly to the electrode terminals, and then to the outside of the battery cell through the electrode terminals;
  • the electrical connection between the battery cells is realized through the busbar, so as to realize the series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection of multiple battery cells.
  • the battery cell when the battery cell is injected with liquid, it is difficult for the electrolyte to diffuse after entering the casing, not only the liquid injection time is longer, but the liquid injection efficiency is low, and the electrolyte cannot fully infiltrate the electrode assembly, resulting in the electrolyte infiltration of the electrode assembly. Bad, the battery cell is prone to lithium precipitation during charging and discharging, and the capacity will also be affected.
  • the inventors have found through research that the internal structure of the battery cell is usually relatively compact, and the close contact between the electrode assembly and the current collecting member, between the current collecting member and the casing, and between the electrode assembly and the casing can reduce the volume of the battery cell , to increase the energy density of the battery cell. Since there is no channel in the existing battery cell that can guide the rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, the electrolyte diffuses through the gap between the two parts that are in close contact after entering the interior of the shell, and the diffusion speed of the electrolyte is slow and uneven. , leading to low liquid injection efficiency of the battery cell and poor wetting effect of the electrode assembly.
  • this application proposes a new technical solution, the electrolyte can infiltrate the electrode assembly faster and more fully, thereby not only improving the liquid injection efficiency of the battery cell, but also improving the capacity and safety of the battery cell performance.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application can directly supply power to electric devices, and can also be connected in parallel or in series to form batteries to supply power to various electric devices in the form of batteries.
  • the electric devices that use battery cells, battery modules or batteries described in the embodiments of the present application can be in various forms, for example, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric cars, ships, Spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric Ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, Concrete vibrator and planer.
  • the battery cells and batteries described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above-described electric devices, but also applicable to all electric devices using battery cells and batteries. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments All electric vehicles are taken as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery of the vehicle in FIG. 1 .
  • a battery 100 , a controller 200 and a motor 300 are disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the power supply of the battery 100 to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.
  • the battery 100 mentioned in the embodiment of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells 10 to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form the battery 100 directly.
  • the mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 can also be connected in series, parallel or mixed first to form a battery 100 module, and then a plurality of battery 100 modules can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 10 and a case 20 , and the plurality of battery cells 10 are placed in the case 20 .
  • the box body 20 includes a first box body 21 and a second box body 22 , and the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are closed to form a cavity of the battery 100 , and a plurality of battery 100 modules are placed in the cavity of the battery 100 .
  • the shapes of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 may be determined according to the combined shape of a plurality of battery 100 modules, and each of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 may have an opening.
  • both the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 can be hollow cuboids and only one face is an opening face, the openings of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are arranged oppositely, and the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are arranged oppositely.
  • the second boxes 22 are interlocked to form the box 20 with a closed chamber.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are connected in parallel or connected in series or mixed and placed in the box 20 formed by fastening the first box 21 and the second box 22 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in FIG. 3 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a case 11 , an electrode assembly 12 , an electrode terminal 13 , a current collecting member 14 and a seal 15 .
  • the housing 11 includes a housing 111 and an end cover 112.
  • the housing 111 includes a bottom wall 1111 and a side wall 1112.
  • the side wall 1112 surrounds the bottom wall 1111.
  • One end of the side wall 1112 is connected to the bottom wall 1111, and the other end forms an opening.
  • the end cap 112 covers the opening 113 to seal the electrode assembly 12 inside the casing 11 .
  • One of the bottom wall 1111 and the end cover 112 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole, and the electrode terminal 13 is insulated and installed in the electrode lead-out hole.
  • the electrode lead-out hole is provided with a plastic part with a through hole, and the electrode terminal 13 is installed in the through hole, so as to realize insulating installation in the electrode lead-out hole.
  • the housing 111 may be cylindrical or elliptical cylindrical, or hexahedral.
  • the housing 111 may be made of metal material, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or nickel-plated steel.
  • the end cap 112 is a plate structure, the size and shape of the end cap 112 match the opening 113 of the housing 111, and the end cap 112 is fixed to the opening 113 of the housing 111, thereby sealing the electrode assembly 12 and the electrolyte in the opening 113 of the housing 111 Accommodating cavity.
  • the end cap 112 is made of metal materials, such as aluminum, steel and other materials.
  • the housing 111 is a cylinder, the axial direction of the housing 111 extends along the first axis P, and the radial direction extends along the first direction R, the first axis P and the first direction R are perpendicular to each other,
  • the end cap 112 is a circular plate structure.
  • the housing 111 may also be a hexahedron, and the end cover 112 may be a square or rectangular plate structure.
  • the electrode assembly 12 is disposed in the housing 11 , and the electrode assembly 12 includes a main body 121 , a first tab 122 and a second tab 123 .
  • the main body 121 includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator, and the separator is located between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece to separate the positive electrode piece from the negative electrode piece.
  • the polarities of the first tab 122 and the second tab 123 are opposite, the first tab 122 is connected to the electrode terminal 13 through the current collecting member 14 , and the second tab 123 is electrically connected to the housing 11 .
  • the first tab 122 is a positive tab
  • the second tab 123 is a negative tab
  • the second tab 123 can be in direct contact with the housing 11, or can be connected through another tab.
  • the current collecting member is connected to the housing 11 .
  • the material of the current collecting member 14 corresponding to the first tab 122 is aluminum, and based on the implementation form of “the second tab 123 is connected to the housing 11 through another current collecting member”, the collector corresponding to the second tab 123
  • the material of the flow member is copper.
  • the current collecting member 14 is used to connect the first tab 122 and the electrode terminal 13 .
  • the current collecting member 14 includes a central portion 141 and a peripheral portion 142 , the central portion 141 corresponds to the central hole 1211 , the central portion 141 is used for connecting the electrode terminal 13 , and the peripheral portion 142 is used for connecting the first tab 122 .
  • the thickness direction of the current collecting member 14 extends along the first axis P, and the size and shape of the current collecting member 14 may match the housing 111 or may not match the size and shape of the housing 111 .
  • the housing 111 is cylindrical, and the current collecting member 14 is a circular plate-shaped structure whose axis is the first axis P.
  • the casing 111 may also be in the shape of a hexahedron, and the current collecting member 14 is a square plate-shaped structure whose thickness direction extends along the first axis P.
  • the housing 11 is also provided with a liquid injection hole 1121 for filling the electrolyte into the housing 11 , and the sealing member 15 is used for closing the liquid injection hole 1121 after the liquid injection is completed.
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 can be sealed by a riveting process, and the sealing member 15 is formed after the riveting; the sealing member 15 can also be an elastic member made of rubber, silica gel, etc., and the elastic member is inserted into the liquid injection hole 1121 to close the liquid injection hole 1121.
  • a battery cell 10 including a casing 11 , an electrode assembly 12 and a current collecting member 14 .
  • the casing 11 includes a first wall
  • the electrode terminal 13 is insulated and installed on the first wall
  • the electrode assembly 12 is arranged in the casing 11, the electrode assembly 12 has a central hole 1211, and a first tab 122 is formed at one end of the electrode assembly 12 facing the first wall.
  • the current collecting member 14 is disposed between the first wall and the electrode assembly 12.
  • the current collecting member 14 includes a central portion 141 and a peripheral portion 142.
  • the central portion 141 corresponds to the central hole 1211.
  • the central portion 141 is used to connect the electrode terminal 13.
  • the part 142 is used for connecting the first tab 122 .
  • the current collecting member 14 is provided with a guide channel, and the guide channel is configured to guide the electrolyte in the central hole 1211 to diffuse from the central part 141 to the peripheral part 142 .
  • the electrode assembly 12 is formed by winding, and the central hole 1211 is the winding center of the electrode assembly 12 , and the central hole 1211 passes through the main body 121 along the first axis P.
  • the end of the central hole 1211 close to the first wall is the first end 1212
  • the end far away from the first wall is the second end 1213 .
  • the first wall is arranged on the same side as the first tab of the electrode assembly, and the first wall is a part of the shell wall of the shell.
  • the first wall is the bottom wall 1111 , and the electrode terminals 13 are disposed on the bottom wall 1111 through insulation.
  • the first wall can also be an end cover 112 , and the electrode terminal 13 is insulated from the end cover 112 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 can be set on the first wall, or can be set on other shell walls of the shell. In some embodiments of the present application, along the extension direction of the first axis P, the liquid injection hole 1121 is provided on the opposite side of the electrode terminal 13, and the position of the liquid injection hole 1121 corresponds to the second end 1213 of the central hole 1211, and the electrolysis The liquid flows from the second end 1213 of the central hole 1211 to the first end 1212 , and then diffuses to the peripheral portion 142 of the current collecting member 14 through the flow guide channel.
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 can also be provided on the same side as the electrode terminal 13, the liquid injection hole 1121 corresponds to the position of the first end 1212 of the central hole 1211, and the electrolyte enters the central hole from the first end 1212 of the central hole 1211 1211 , and then spread to the surrounding part 142 of the current collecting member 14 through the flow guide channel.
  • the current collecting member 14 can have various implementation forms.
  • the central part 141 can be a circular plate structure, and can also be a square plate structure;
  • the peripheral part 142 can be a closed ring structure arranged around the central part 141, or an unclosed ring arranged around the central part 141. shape structure.
  • the edge of the central part 141 can be directly connected to the peripheral part 142 , and the central part 141 is flush with the surface of the peripheral part 142 ; the central part 141 can also protrude beyond the peripheral part 142 toward the electrode terminal 13 .
  • the central axis of the central part 141 and the central axis of the peripheral part 142 can be coincidently arranged, for example, the central part 141 is a disc structure, and the peripheral part 142 is a ring structure arranged around the central axis of the disc structure;
  • the central axis and the central axis of the peripheral portion 142 may also be arranged non-coincidentally so as to be reliably connected to the electrode terminals.
  • the central portion 141 corresponds to the central hole 1211 , so that the electrolyte in the central hole 1211 enters the guide channel from the first end 1212 and diffuses from the central portion 141 to the peripheral portion 142 .
  • the central part 141 and the central hole 1211 can be arranged coaxially or non-coaxially.
  • the central axis of the central part 141 coincides with the axis of the central hole 1211, that is, the central axis of the central part 141 is also the first axis P; in other embodiments, the central axis of the central part 141 is also the first axis P; It may be parallel to or inclined to the first axis P.
  • the guide channel is used to guide the electrolyte to diffuse from the central hole 1211 to the surrounding part 142 , and the guide channel may have various implementation forms.
  • the guide channel can be a through hole arranged on the edge of the central part 141, and the electrolyte flows from the first through hole 1431 to the side of the current collecting member 14 away from the electrode assembly 12 and diffuses to the surrounding part 142; the guide channel can also be The groove is disposed on the side of the peripheral portion 142 facing the electrode assembly 12 , and the electrolyte enters between the current collecting member 14 and the electrode assembly 12 through the groove and diffuses toward the peripheral portion 142 .
  • One end of the flow guide channel communicates with the central hole 1211, and the other end can extend to the surrounding portion 142, or to the edge of the current collecting member 14; further, the other end of the flow guide channel can extend to the current collecting channel along the first direction R
  • the edge of the member 14 may also be helically wound around the first axis P to the edge of the current collecting member 14 .
  • One guide channel can be provided, and the electrolyte in the central hole 1211 is diffused from the central part 141 to the surrounding part 142 through one guide channel; multiple guide channels can also be provided, and the multiple guide channels surround the first axis P is distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the electrolyte in the central hole 1211 enters a plurality of guide channels, and the multiple guide channels jointly guide the electrolyte to diffuse from the central portion 141 to the peripheral portion 142 .
  • the electrolyte When injecting liquid into the battery cell 10, the electrolyte enters the central hole 1211, and the guide channel guides the electrolyte in the central hole 1211 to diffuse from the central part 141 to the surrounding part 142, so as to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 12, which not only improves the The liquid injection efficiency and assembly efficiency of the battery cell 10 are improved, and the stability of the electric capacity of the battery cell 10 is improved.
  • the housing 11 further includes a second wall, the second wall is opposite to the first wall along the axial direction of the central hole 1211, and the second wall is opposite to the central hole 1211.
  • the position corresponding to 1211 is provided with a liquid injection hole 1121
  • the battery cell 10 further includes: a sealing member 15 for closing the liquid injection hole 1121 .
  • the axial direction of the central hole 1211 extends along the first axis P, the second wall and the first wall are respectively arranged on both sides of the central hole 1211 along the first axis P, and the second wall is located at the second end 1213 of the central hole 1211, so that The arrangement of the liquid injection hole 1121 and the diversion channel of the current collecting member 14 is realized.
  • the first wall is the bottom wall 1111
  • the second wall is the end cover 112
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 is disposed on the end cover 112
  • the second wall is the bottom wall 1111
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 is disposed on the bottom wall 1111.
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 and the guide channel are respectively arranged on both sides of the axis direction of the central hole 1211, the electrolyte enters the central hole 1211 from the liquid injection hole 1121, and a part of the electrolyte enters the electrode assembly 12 from the central hole 1211, Another part of the electrolyte enters the guide channel, and the guide channel guides the electrolyte to further diffuse from the central part 141 to the peripheral part 142 to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 .
  • a second tab 123 is formed at the end of the electrode assembly 12 facing the second wall, and the polarities of the first tab 122 and the second tab 123 are opposite. , the second tab 123 is electrically connected to the second wall.
  • the second tab 123 is connected to the end cover 112 through another current collecting member 14, and a current collecting channel with a flow guide channel is provided.
  • the member 14 is disposed between the bottom wall 1111 and the electrode assembly 12 , the central part 141 of the current collecting member 14 is connected to the electrode terminal 13 , and the peripheral part 142 is connected to the first tab 122 .
  • the second tab 123 is connected to the bottom wall 1111 through another current collecting member 14, and seven sets of flow guide channels are provided.
  • the current collecting member 14 is disposed between the end cap 112 and the electrode assembly 12 , the central portion 141 of the current collecting member 14 is connected to the electrode terminal 13 , and the peripheral portion 142 is connected to the first tab 122 .
  • the first tab 122 of the battery cell 10 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 13
  • the second tab 123 is electrically connected to the second wall
  • the casing 11 is used as the negative pole of the battery cell 10 to be electrically connected to the outside, which simplifies Configuration of the battery cell 10 .
  • the housing 11 includes a housing 111 and an end cover 112
  • the housing 111 includes a bottom wall 1111 and a side wall 1112
  • the side wall 1112 is surrounded by the bottom wall 1111 around, one end of the side wall 1112 is connected to the bottom wall 1111 , the other end forms an opening 113
  • the end cover 112 covers the opening 113
  • the first wall is the bottom wall 1111
  • the second wall is the end cover 112 .
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 is opened in the end cover 112, which is easy to manufacture and shape; the electrode terminal 13 is arranged on the bottom wall 1111, and the current collecting member 14 is arranged between the bottom wall 1111 and the electrode assembly 12, which can allow the electrode terminal first 13 is welded to the current collecting member 14, and the opening 113 is covered by the end cover 112, which simplifies the assembly process of the battery cell 10.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of the first form of the current collecting member of the battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 6 shows the cooperation between the flow guide channel of the current collecting member in Fig. 5 and the central hole Schematic.
  • the flow guide channel is a first through hole 1431 , and the first through hole 1431 is located at the edge of the central portion 141 .
  • the “edge of the central portion 141 ” may be a transitional structure between the central portion 141 and the peripheral portion 142 , or may be a portion of the peripheral portion 142 close to the central portion 141 .
  • the first through hole 1431 penetrates the current collecting member 14 along the thickness direction of the current collecting member 14 , so as to guide the electrolyte solution to enter the side of the current collecting member 14 away from the electrode assembly 12 , and further spread to the surrounding portion 142 .
  • the current collecting member 14 is a flat plate structure with a flat surface, and the central part 141 is directly connected to the peripheral part 142, on a plane perpendicular to the first axis P , the central portion 141 is flush with the surface of the peripheral portion 142 , and the axial direction of the first through hole 1431 is parallel to the first axis P.
  • the current collecting member 14 can also be a plate structure with an uneven surface.
  • the central part 141 protrudes from the peripheral part 142, and the transition part 143 connects the central part 141 and the surrounding part 142.
  • the axial direction of the first through hole 1431 is parallel to the first direction R.
  • One first through hole 1431 can be provided, and the electrolyte solution in the central hole 1211 can diffuse from the central part 141 to the surrounding part 142 through one first through hole 1431;
  • a through hole 1431 is distributed circumferentially at intervals around the first axis P, the electrolyte in the central hole 1211 enters a plurality of first through holes 1431, and the plurality of first through holes 1431 jointly guide the electrolyte to diffuse from the central part 141 to the peripheral part 142 .
  • the first through hole 1431 may be a round hole, or an elliptical hole, a square hole, a triangular hole, or an arc-shaped hole.
  • the first through hole 1431 is located at the edge of the central part 141, and the electrolyte flows through the first through hole 1431 from the side of the current collecting member 14 close to the electrode assembly 12 to the side close to the first wall, and then Diffusion to the surrounding portion 142 to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 .
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural view of the second form of the current collecting member of the battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 8 shows the cooperation between the flow guiding channel of the current collecting member in Fig. 7 and the central hole Schematic.
  • the central portion 141 protrudes from the peripheral portion 142 toward the direction of the electrode terminal 13, and the current collecting member 14 also includes a transition portion 143, and the transition portion 143 is surrounded by Around the central part 141 , the transition part 143 connects the central part 141 and the surrounding part 142 , and the first through hole 1431 is disposed in the transition part 143 .
  • the central portion 141 protrudes from the peripheral portion 142 toward the electrode terminal 13 and is connected to the electrode terminal 13, and the transition portion 143 connects the central portion 141 and the peripheral portion 142, so that the central portion 141 and the peripheral portion 142 are connected.
  • the peripheral portion 142 is electrically connected, and it is also beneficial to provide the first through hole 1431 in the transition portion 143 .
  • the first through hole 1431 may be disposed in the middle of the transition portion 143 , or may be disposed on a side of the transition portion 143 close to the central portion 141 or a side close to the peripheral portion 142 .
  • the first through hole 1431 may be completely disposed in the transition portion 143 , or may extend from the transition portion 143 to the central portion 141 or the peripheral portion 142 .
  • the central portion 141 protruding toward the electrode terminal 13 .
  • the central part 141 can be formed by a stamping process, or the central part 141 and the peripheral part 142 can be provided independently and then welded together.
  • the central part 141 and the transition part 143 together form a liquid storage space 146 communicating with the first end 1212 of the central hole 1211.
  • the first through hole 1431 penetrates the transition part 143 along the thickness direction of the transition part 143 to guide the electrolyte from the storage space.
  • the liquid space 146 flows to a side of the current collecting member 14 facing away from the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the thickness direction of the transition portion 143 may extend along the first direction R, or may extend along other directions inclined to the first axis P. As shown in FIG.
  • the central portion 141 protrudes beyond the peripheral portion 142 toward the direction of the electrode terminal 13 , and together with the transition portion 143 forms a liquid storage space 146 communicating with the central hole 1211 .
  • the first through hole 1431 is opened in the transition portion 143. After the electrolyte enters the liquid storage space 146 along the axis direction of the central hole 1211, it flows along the opening direction of the first through hole 1431 to the first wall of the current collecting member 14. Since the electrolyte continues to diffuse to the surrounding portion 142 along the opening direction of the first through hole 1431 , the electrode assembly 12 can be quickly and fully infiltrated.
  • first through holes 1431 there are multiple first through holes 1431 , and the multiple first through holes 1431 are arranged at intervals around the central portion 141 .
  • the transition portion 143 is disposed around the first axis P, and the radial direction of the transition portion 143 extends along the first direction R, and axes of the plurality of first through holes 1431 are located on the same plane perpendicular to the first axis P.
  • the shape and opening size of the plurality of first through holes 1431 are the same, so that the liquid output of each first through hole 1431 is the same; the plurality of first through holes 1431 It is uniformly arranged around the central portion 141 in the circumferential direction to guide the electrolyte solution to diffuse uniformly in the circumferential direction.
  • the shapes and opening sizes of the plurality of first through holes 1431 may also be different, and the plurality of first through holes 1431 may also be non-uniformly arranged around the center portion 141, by flexibly setting the opening of the first through holes 1431 The position and quantity avoid the space required by other components inside the battery cell 10 and improve the strength of the current collecting member 14 , so as to avoid the breakage of the current collecting member 14 caused by too many openings in the transition portion 143 .
  • the number of the first through holes 1431 can be two to six, which can not only increase the diffusion speed of the electrolyte, but also ensure the strength of the current collecting member 14 .
  • first through holes 1431 are provided, and the four first through holes 1431 are arranged in the transition portion 143 at circumferential intervals around the first axis P, and two adjacent first through holes 1431 They are arranged at intervals of 90° in the direction around the first axis P.
  • a plurality of first through holes 1431 are arranged at intervals around the central portion 141 , which can guide the electrolyte to diffuse around the central portion 141 to the peripheral portion 142 , so that the electrolyte can quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the total length of the plurality of first through holes 1431 is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the circumferential length of the transition portion 143 .
  • the total length of the transition portion 143 along the circumference of the central portion 141 means that, along the extension direction of the first axis P, at the middle position of the portion where the first through hole 1431 is opened, the transition portion The outer side wall 1112 of 143 surrounds the perimeter of the first axis P.
  • the total length of the plurality of first through holes 1431 along the circumferential direction of the central part 141 refers to the area occupied by all the first through holes 1431 at the above-mentioned "central position of the part where the first through holes 1431 are opened”. total length.
  • the first through hole 1431 is continuously opened in the transition part 143 around the first axis P, and occupies at least 180° or more of the circumferential direction of the transition part 143.
  • the remaining portion in the peripheral direction of the portion 143 is a connection area, which is used to connect the central portion 141 and the peripheral portion 142 .
  • each first through hole 1431 occupies at least 45° or more of the circumferential direction of the transition part 143, and the adjacent two second through holes There is a connection area between a through hole 1431 , and the connection area is used to connect the central part 141 and the peripheral part 142 .
  • the current collecting member 14 can be fused in time when the internal current of the battery cell 10 is too large, so that the electrode terminal 13 and the The first tab 122 is electrically disconnected, so that the battery cell 10 has better safety performance.
  • the first through hole 1431 is an arc-shaped hole extending along the circumferential direction of the central portion 141 .
  • the first through hole 1431 is an arc-shaped hole extending along the circumference of the central part 141" means that, on a plane perpendicular to the first axis P, the projection of the first through hole 1431 is around the first through hole.
  • the four first through holes 1431 are evenly spaced around the central portion 141 ”, the four first through holes 1431 are all arc-shaped holes extending along the circumferential direction of the central portion 141 .
  • the first through hole 1431 is an arc-shaped hole extending along the circumferential direction of the central part 141, which can increase the opening area of the first through hole 1431, facilitate the diffusion of the electrolyte, and reduce the relative strength of the central part 141.
  • the protruding height of the surrounding portion 142 reduces the thickness of the current collecting member 14 , so that the battery cell 10 has a compact structure and a higher energy density.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural view of a third form of current-collecting member in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 10 shows that the flow-guiding channel of the current-collecting member in Fig. 9 cooperates with the central hole Schematic diagram of the structure.
  • the peripheral portion 142 is provided with a second through hole 1421 , and the second through hole 1421 is farther away from the central portion 141 than the first through hole 1431 .
  • the second through hole 1421 runs through the peripheral part 142 along the thickness of the peripheral part 142, and on a plane perpendicular to the first axis P, the projection of the second through hole 1421 can completely fall into the inside of the projection of the electrode assembly 12, and the electrolyte Enter between the two adjacent pole pieces of the electrode assembly 12 through the second through hole 1421 to infiltrate the electrode assembly 12; the projection of the second through hole 1421 can partially fall into the inside of the projection of the electrode assembly 12, and a part of the electrolyte passes through
  • the second through hole 1421 enters between the two adjacent layers of pole pieces of the electrode assembly 12, and another part of the electrolyte flows to the edge of the electrode assembly 12 to enter the gap between the electrode assembly 12 and the casing 11 (please refer to FIG. 4 ). Gaps, quickly and fully enter the electrode assembly 12.
  • One second through hole 1421 can be provided, and the electrolyte solution enters the electrode assembly 12 from the peripheral portion 142 through one second through hole 1421; multiple second through holes 1421 can also be provided, and multiple second through holes 1421 surround the first through hole.
  • An axis P is distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the electrolyte enters a plurality of second through holes 1421, and the plurality of second through holes 1421 jointly guide the electrolyte into the electrode assembly 12 from the surrounding part 142, so as to uniformly infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 in the circumferential direction;
  • the through holes 1421 can also be provided with multiple groups, multiple groups, multiple groups of second through holes 1421 are distributed circumferentially around the first axis P, and each group of second through holes 1421 includes a plurality of second through holes arranged at intervals along the first direction R.
  • the through hole 1421 is used to fully guide the diffusion of the electrolyte in the first direction R.
  • the second through hole 1421 may be a round hole, or may be an oval hole, a square hole, a triangular hole or a hole of other shapes.
  • the second through hole 1421 is provided in the peripheral part 142, which can partially expose the gap between the two adjacent layers of the electrode assembly, and the electrolyte can enter the phase of the electrode assembly 12 through the second through hole 1421.
  • the gap between two adjacent layers of pole pieces is used to quickly and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 12.
  • the shape and opening size of multiple second through holes 1421 can be the same, so that the liquid output of each second through hole 1421 is the same; multiple second through holes 1421 can be uniformly arranged around the central part 141 in the circumferential direction, so as to guide the electrolyte solution to diffuse uniformly in the circumferential direction.
  • the shapes and opening sizes of the plurality of second through holes 1421 may also be different, and the plurality of second through holes 1421 may also be non-uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the central portion 141, by flexibly setting the opening positions of the second through holes 1421 and quantity, to avoid the space required by other components inside the battery cell 10 and to increase the strength of the current collecting member 14, so as to avoid excessive openings in the transition portion 143 and cause easy breakage.
  • the second through holes 1421 and the first through holes 1431 may be provided correspondingly.
  • four first through holes 1431 are evenly spaced around the central part 141"
  • the two through holes 1421 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the second through holes 1421 and the corresponding first through holes 1431 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the battery cell 10 (that is, the first direction R) to guide the electrolyte along the first direction R.
  • the first through hole 1431 flows to the second through hole 1421 , and enters the electrode assembly 12 through the second through hole 1421 .
  • the number and location of the second through holes 1421 may also be set independently from the number and locations of the first through holes 1431 .
  • a plurality of second through holes 1421 are arranged at intervals around the central part 141, and can guide the electrolyte around the circumferential direction of the central part 141 into the gap between the two adjacent pole pieces of the electrode assembly 12, so as to quickly and The electrode assembly 12 is fully wetted.
  • Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural view of a third form of current-collecting member in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 12 shows that the flow-guiding channel of the current-collecting member in Fig. 11 cooperates with the central hole Schematic diagram of the structure
  • a first groove 1422 is provided on the side of the peripheral portion 142 away from the electrode assembly 12 , and the first groove 1422 is used to communicate with the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421 .
  • a side of the current collecting member 14 facing away from the electrode assembly 12 includes a first surface 144
  • a side facing the electrode assembly 12 includes a second surface 145 .
  • the first groove 1422 is opened on the first surface 144 .
  • the first groove 1422 can be formed by a stamping process, or can be formed by a planing and milling process. One end of the first groove 1422 communicates with the first through hole 1431, and the other end can extend to the second through hole 1421; the first through hole 1431 can also be formed in the inside of the first groove 1422, and the other end of the first groove 1422 One end extends to the edge of the peripheral portion 142 ; the first groove 1422 may extend along the first direction R, or extend helically around the first axis P or extend along other directions.
  • the groove depth of the first groove 1422 can be the same, so as to simplify the shape of the first groove 1422 and make the current collecting member 14 easy to process; the groove depth of the first groove 1422 can also be The extending direction of the first groove 1422 can be changed to guide rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, for example, the groove depth of the first groove 1422 increases gradually from the first through hole 1431 toward the second through hole 1421 .
  • the groove width of the first groove 1422 can be the same, to simplify the shape of the first groove 1422, so that the current collecting member 14 can be easily processed; the groove width of the first groove 1422 can also be along the extension direction of the first groove 1422 Changes are made to guide the rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, for example, the width of the first groove 1422 increases gradually from the first through hole 1431 toward the second through hole 1421 .
  • the diameters of the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421 and the width of the first groove 1422 are the same to reduce The opening area of the first groove 1422 makes the current collecting member 14 stronger and less likely to break.
  • the width of the first groove 1422 may also be greater than the diameters of the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421 to increase the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the first groove 1422 is provided with Four, the four first grooves 1422 are arranged at intervals around the first axis P, and each first groove 1422 communicates with the corresponding first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421 .
  • the first groove 1422 is arranged on the side of the peripheral part 142 away from the electrode assembly 12, and the first groove 1422 communicates with the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421, which can guide the electrolyte from the first
  • the through hole 1431 flows to the second through hole 1421 to enter the inside of the electrode assembly 12 , and can increase the space of the side of the current collecting member 14 away from the electrode assembly 12 , increasing the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the first groove 1422 extends to the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral portion 142 along the radial direction of the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral portion 142 around the first axis P is a first outer peripheral surface 1424
  • the first groove 1422 may extend along the first direction R, or extend spirally around the first axis P or along other directions.
  • the first through holes 1431 and the corresponding second through holes 1421 are arranged at intervals along the first direction R, and the first grooves 1422 extend to the first outer peripheral surface 1424 along the first direction R to communicate with the first through holes 1431 and the corresponding second through holes 1421 .
  • the first groove 1422 extends to the outer peripheral surface of the surrounding part 142, and can guide excess electrolyte to flow into the gap between the electrode assembly 12 and the shell 11, so that the electrolyte can quickly fill the inside of the shell 11, fully The electrode assembly 12 is wetted.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic structural view of an insulator in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic structural view of the cooperation between the insulator and the current guiding channel of the current collecting member in FIG. 13 .
  • the battery cell 10 further includes: an insulator 16 disposed between the current collecting member 14 and the first wall for insulating and isolating the current collecting member 14 With the first wall, a second groove 1611 is provided on a side of the insulator 16 facing the current collecting member 14 , and the second groove 1611 is used to communicate with the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421 .
  • the thickness direction of the insulator 16 extends along the first axis P, the side of the insulator 16 facing the current collecting member 14 includes a third surface 161 , and the side facing the first wall includes a fourth surface 162 .
  • the second groove 1611 is disposed on the third surface 161 .
  • the shape of the insulator 16 can match the shape of the housing 111, for example, when the housing 111 is a cylinder, the shape of the insulator 16 is a circular plate structure; the shape of the insulator 16 can also match the shape of the housing 111 Independently provided, for example, when the housing 111 is a cylinder, the shape of the insulating member 16 may be a square plate structure.
  • the insulating member 16 is made of lower plastic to insulate and isolate the current collecting member 14 from the bottom wall 1111 .
  • the insulator 16 may also be an additional component to facilitate the diffusion of the electrolyte.
  • the insulating member 16 can be formed by injection molding, and the second groove 1611 is directly formed on the third surface 161 of the insulating member 16 , or the second groove 1611 can be formed by planing.
  • One end of the second groove 1611 communicates with the first through hole 1431, and the other end can extend to the second through hole 1421; the second groove 1611 can also extend to the edge of the insulating member 16, on a plane perpendicular to the first axis P Above, the projection of the second through hole 1421 falls within the projected range of the second groove 1611; the second groove 1611 may extend along the first direction R, or extend spirally around the first axis P or extend along other directions.
  • the groove depth of the second groove 1611 can be the same, so as to simplify the shape of the second groove 1611 and make the insulating member 16 easy to be processed; the groove depth of the second groove 1611 can also be The extending direction of the second groove 1611 changes to guide the rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, for example, the depth of the second groove 1611 gradually increases from the first through hole 1431 to the direction of the second through hole 1421 .
  • the groove width of the second groove 1611 can be the same to simplify the shape of the second groove 1611 and make the current collecting member 14 easy to process; the groove width of the second groove 1611 can also be along the extending direction of the second groove 1611 Changes are made to guide the rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, for example, the width of the second groove 1611 gradually increases from the first through hole 1431 toward the second through hole 1421 .
  • the diameters of the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421 and the width of the second groove 1611 can be the same, so as to reduce the opening area of the second groove 1611 and make the current collecting member 14 The strength is high, and it is not easy to break; the width of the second groove 1611 can also be larger than the diameters of the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421, so as to increase the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the second groove 1611 can be arranged corresponding to the first groove 1422 to increase the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the second through holes 1421 are arranged corresponding to the first through holes 1431, and the first grooves 1422 are provided with four, each first groove
  • the groove 1422 communicates with the corresponding first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1421", and there are four second grooves 1611.
  • the first groove 1422 and the corresponding The projected contours of the second groove 1611 are coincident.
  • the second groove 1611 can also be provided independently from the first groove 1422 to simplify the assembly and positioning requirements of the current collecting member 14 and the insulator 16 .
  • the projected contours of the first groove 1422 and the corresponding second groove 1611 do not completely coincide; for another example, as shown in FIG. 144 is not provided with the first groove 1422 , and the first through hole 1431 communicates with the corresponding second through hole 1421 only through the second groove 1611 .
  • the electrolyte flowing out from the first through hole 1431 enters the gap between the insulator 16 and the current collecting member 14, and the second groove 1611 can guide the electrolyte to flow from the first through hole 1431 to the second through hole 1421 , let the electrolyte enter the inside of the electrode assembly 12 , and increase the space on the side of the current collecting member 14 away from the electrode assembly 12 , and increase the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the second groove 1611 extends to the outer peripheral surface of the insulating member 16 along the radial direction of the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the insulator 16 around the first axis P is the second outer peripheral surface 163 .
  • the second groove 1611 may extend along the first direction R, or extend helically around the first axis P or extend along other directions.
  • first through holes 1431 are evenly spaced around the central part 141, and the second through holes 1421 are arranged correspondingly to the first through holes 1431", the first through holes 1431 and the corresponding second through holes 1421 There are four second grooves 1611 arranged at intervals along the first direction R, and each second groove 1611 extends to the second outer peripheral surface 163 along the first direction R to communicate with the first through hole 1431 and the corresponding second Through hole 1421 .
  • the second groove 1611 extends to the outer peripheral surface of the insulator 16, and can guide excess electrolyte to flow into the gap between the electrode assembly 12 and the shell 11, so that the electrolyte quickly fills the inside of the shell 11, fully The electrode assembly 12 is wetted.
  • Fig. 15 shows a schematic structural view of the fourth type of current-collecting member in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 16 shows the cooperation between the flow-guiding channel and the central hole of the current-collecting member in Fig. 15 Schematic;
  • the guide channel is a third groove 1423, and the third groove 1423 is provided on the side of the peripheral part 142 facing the electrode assembly 12.
  • the third groove The groove 1423 communicates with the central hole 1211 .
  • the second surface 145 of the current collecting member 14 is provided with a third groove 1423, one end of the third groove 1423 extends to the central portion 141 to communicate with the central hole 1211, and the other end can extend to the bottom of the current collecting member 14.
  • the edge may also extend to the peripheral portion 142 .
  • one end of the third groove 1423 communicates with the liquid storage space 146 to achieve communication with the central hole 1211 .
  • the third groove 1423 can be formed by a stamping process, or can be formed by a planing and milling process.
  • the third groove 1423 may extend along the first direction R, or extend helically around the first axis P or extend along other directions.
  • the groove depth of the third groove 1423 can be the same, so as to simplify the shape of the third groove 1423 and make the current collecting member 14 easy to be processed; the groove depth of the third groove 1423 can also be The extension direction of the third groove 1423 changes to guide the rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, for example, the depth of the third groove 1423 gradually increases from the central portion 141 to the peripheral portion 142 .
  • the groove width of the third groove 1423 can be the same, to simplify the shape of the third groove 1423, so that the current collecting member 14 can be easily processed; the groove width of the third groove 1423 can also be along the extension direction of the third groove 1423 Changes are made to guide the rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, for example, the width of the third groove 1423 gradually increases from the central portion 141 to the peripheral portion 142 .
  • the third groove 1423 can be provided with one, and the electrolyte solution is diffused from the central part 141 to the surrounding part 142 through a third groove 1423; the third groove 1423 can also be provided with a plurality of third grooves 1423 around The first axis P is distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the electrolyte enters the plurality of third grooves 1423 , and the plurality of third grooves 1423 jointly guide the electrolyte to diffuse from the central portion 141 to the peripheral portion 142 to infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 uniformly in the circumferential direction.
  • the electrolyte in the central hole 1211 enters the gap between the electrode assembly 12 and the current collecting member 14 , and the third groove 1423 can guide the electrolyte to diffuse to the surrounding part 142 to increase the diffusion speed of the electrolyte.
  • the third groove 1423 extends to the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral portion 142 along the radial direction of the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the third groove 1423 may extend along the first direction R, or extend helically around the first axis P or extend along other directions. Based on the aforementioned embodiment of “a plurality of third grooves 1423 distributed circumferentially at intervals around the first axis P”, one end of the third groove 1423 communicates with the central hole 1211 , and the other end extends to the peripheral portion 142 along the first direction R.
  • the third groove 1423 extends to the outer peripheral surface of the surrounding part 142, and can guide excess electrolyte to flow into the gap between the electrode assembly 12 and the shell 11, so that the electrolyte can quickly fill the inside of the shell 11, fully The electrode assembly 12 is wetted.
  • Some embodiments of the present application propose a battery 100 including a battery cell 10 .
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide an electric device, including a battery 100 .
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • some embodiments of the present application propose a method for manufacturing a battery cell 10, including:
  • the casing 111 includes a bottom wall 1111 and a side wall 1112.
  • the side wall 1112 surrounds the bottom wall 1111.
  • One end of the side wall 1112 is connected to the bottom wall 1111, and the other end forms an opening.
  • the electrode terminal 13 is insulated and installed on the bottom wall 1111;
  • S200 Provide an electrode assembly 12, the electrode assembly 12 has a central hole 1211, a first tab 122 is formed at one end of the electrode assembly 12, and a second tab 123 is formed at the other end;
  • S300 Provide a current collecting member 14, the current collecting member 14 includes a central portion 141 and a peripheral portion 142, and the current collecting member 14 is provided with a flow guide channel;
  • S400 provide an end cover 112, and the end cover 112 is provided with a liquid injection hole 1121;
  • S700 Inject electrolyte solution into the housing 111 through the liquid injection hole 1121 , the electrolyte solution enters the central hole 1211 , and diffuses from the central part 141 to the peripheral part 142 through the flow guiding channel.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell manufacturing equipment according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery cell 10 manufacturing equipment 2000 including:
  • the first providing device 2100 is used to provide the casing 111 and the electrode terminal 13.
  • the casing 111 includes a bottom wall 1111 and a side wall 1112.
  • the side wall 1112 is surrounded by the bottom wall 1111. connection, the other end forms an opening 113, and the electrode terminal 13 is insulated and installed on the bottom wall 1111;
  • the second providing device 2200 is used to provide the electrode assembly 12, the electrode assembly 12 has a central hole 1211, a first tab 122 is formed at one end of the electrode assembly 12, and a second tab 123 is formed at the other end;
  • the third providing device 2300 is used to provide the current collecting member 14, the current collecting member 14 includes a central part 141 and a peripheral part 142, and the current collecting member 14 is provided with a flow guide channel;
  • the fourth providing device 2400 is used to provide the end cap 112, and the end cap 112 is provided with a liquid injection hole 1121;
  • the first assembly module 2500 is used to connect the peripheral part 142 with the first tab 122, make the central part 141 correspond to the central hole 1211, put the electrode assembly 12 into the casing 111, and make the current collecting member 14 on the bottom wall Between 1111 and the electrode assembly 12, connect the central part 141 to the electrode terminal 13, cover the end cap 112 on the opening 113 and connect it to the second tab 123, so that the liquid injection hole 1121 corresponds to the position of the central hole 1211;
  • the second assembly module 2600 is used for injecting electrolyte solution into the housing 111 through the liquid injection hole 1121 , the electrolyte solution enters the central hole 1211 , and diffuses from the central part 141 to the peripheral part 142 through the guide channel.
  • a cylindrical battery including a casing 111, an end cap 112, an electrode assembly 12, an electrode terminal 13, a positive current collector, Rivets and lower plastic.
  • the end cover 112 is provided with a liquid injection hole 1121, and the liquid injection hole 1121 is sealed with a rivet.
  • the electrode assembly 12 includes a positive pole lug and a negative pole lug.
  • the positive pole lug is connected to the bottom wall 1111 of the housing 111 through the positive current collecting plate, and the lower plastic insulation isolates the positive pole current collecting plate and the bottom wall 1111.
  • the negative pole lug is connected to the negative current collecting plate.
  • the disk is in hard contact with the end cap 112.
  • the center of the positive current collecting tray protrudes toward the bottom wall 1111 to form a central portion 141 , and a peripheral portion 142 is circumferentially disposed around the central portion 141 .
  • the raised side wall is provided with a first through hole 1431, and the surface of the peripheral part 142 on the same side as the first through hole 1431 is recessed to form a first groove 1422, and the first groove 1422 extends along the radial direction of the positive collector plate, And the inside of the radially extending first groove 1422 forms a second through hole 1421, and the second through hole 1421 is used for liquid separation.
  • the liquid injection hole 1121 of the cylindrical battery When injecting liquid, the liquid injection hole 1121 of the cylindrical battery is located at the bottom side, and the electrolyte flows upward from the central hole 1211 of the electrode assembly 12, enters the first groove 1422 in the first through hole 1431 of the positive collector plate, and diffuses radially , flows to the gap between the housing 111 and the electrode assembly 12, and enters the electrode assembly 12 through the second through hole 1421, improving the electrolyte wettability of the entire cylindrical battery.
  • the hollowed-out area of the raised side wall of the positive electrode collector plate exceeds 1/2 of the circumference, so as to function as a FUSE.
  • the groove of the positive collector plate facing the bottom wall 1111 communicates with the first through hole 1431 to guide the electrolyte into the first groove 1422 .
  • the number of second through holes 1421 in each first groove 1422 can be 1, 2, etc., and the shape can be circular, triangular, square, elliptical, etc.
  • a cylindrical battery including a casing 111, an end cap 112, an electrode assembly 12, an electrode terminal 13, a positive current collector, Rivets and lower plastic.
  • the positive collector plate is provided with a first through hole 1431 and a second through hole 1421, and the surface of the lower plastic facing the positive collector plate is provided with a second groove 1611, and the second groove 1611 is connected with the first through hole 1431 and the second through hole 1431.
  • the through hole 1421 fits.
  • the electrolyte When injecting liquid, the electrolyte enters the second groove 1611 from the first through hole 1431 and diffuses radially, flows to the gap between the casing 111 and the electrode assembly 12, and enters the electrode assembly 12 through the second through hole 1421, improving the overall Electrolyte wettability of cylindrical batteries.
  • the width of the second groove 1611 , the height of the central protrusion of the positive current collector plate and the diameter of the second through hole 1421 are the same.
  • a cylindrical battery including a casing 111, an end cap 112, an electrode assembly 12, an electrode terminal 13, a positive current collector, Rivets and lower plastic.
  • the positive current collecting plate protrudes toward the bottom wall 1111 to form a central part 141, and the peripheral part 142 is arranged around the central part 141.
  • the surface of the peripheral part 142 facing the electrode assembly 12 is provided with a third groove 1423, and the third groove 1423 is arranged along the positive pole. Radial extension of the collector disc.
  • the electrolyte flows upwards from the central hole 1211 of the electrode assembly 12, diffuses radially in the inside of the center protrusion of the positive collector plate and the third groove 1423, and flows to the gap between the housing 111 and the electrode assembly 12 and
  • the electrode assembly 12 improves the electrolyte wettability of the entire cylindrical battery.
  • the number of the third grooves 1423 may be two to six, and a plurality of third grooves 1423 are arranged at intervals in the positive electrode collector plate in the circumferential direction.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置，属于电池制造技术领域。本申请提出一种电池单体，包括：外壳，包括第一壁；电极端子，绝缘安装于第一壁；电极组件，设置于外壳内，电极组件具有中心孔，电极组件设有第一极耳；集流构件，设置于第一壁和电极组件之间，集流构件包括中心部和周围部，中心部与中心孔位置对应，中心部用于连接电极端子，周围部用于连接第一极耳；集流构件上设置有导流通道，导流通道被配置为引导中心孔内的电解液由中心部向周围部扩散。该电池单体具有较高的注液效率、电容量和安全性能。本申请还提出一种电池以及用电装置，包括该电池单体。本申请还提出一种该电池单体的制造方法和制造设备。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池制造技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车市场的持续繁荣，动力电池行业迅速扩产壮大，锂电池技术日益精进，对电池单体的安全性能、能量密度和工业化要求提出了越来越高的要求。
在电池单体组装过程中，需要对电池单体进行注液，使电解液浸润电极组件。但是，目前电池单体的注液效率较低，电极组件浸润效果较差，导致电池单体电容量较低，安全性能较差。
发明内容
为此，本申请提出一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置，电解液能够更快、更充分地浸润电极组件，从而不仅提高了电池单体的注液效率，且提高了电池单体的电容量和安全性能。
本申请第一方面实施例提出一种电池单体，包括：外壳，包括第一壁；电极端子，绝缘安装于所述第一壁；电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件面向所述第一壁的一端形成有第一极耳；集流构件，设置于所述第一壁和所述电极组件之间，所述集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述中心部与所述中心孔位置对应，所述中心部用于连接所述电极端子，所述周围部用于连接所述第一极耳；其中，所述集流构件上设置有导流通道，所述导流通道被配置为引导所述中心孔内的电解液由所述中心部向所述周围部扩散。
对电池单体进行注液时，电解液进入中心孔，导流通道引导中心孔内的电解液由中心部向周围部扩散，以快速、充分浸润电极组件，不仅提高了电池单体的注液效率，且提高了电池单体的电容量和安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导流通道为第一通孔，所述第一通孔位于所述中心部的边缘。
在上述方案中，第一通孔位于中心部的边缘，电解液通过第一通孔从集流构件的靠近电极组件的一侧流动至其靠近第一壁的一侧，进而向周围部扩散，快速、充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述中心部朝向所述电极端子的方向凸出于所述周围部，所述集流构件还包括过渡部，所述过渡部围设在所述中心部的周围，所述过渡部连接所述中心部和所述周围部，所述第一通孔设置于所述过渡部。
在上述方案中，中心部朝向电极端子的方向凸出于周围部，且与过渡部共同形成与中心孔连通的储液空间。第一通孔开设于过渡部，电解液从中心孔进入储液空间后，沿着第一通孔的开孔方向流动至集流构件的靠近第一壁的一侧。由于电解液沿着第一通孔的开孔方向继续扩散至周围部，能够快速、充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第一通孔围绕所述中心部间隔设置。
在上述方案中，多个第一通孔围绕中心部间隔设置，能够引导电解液围绕中心部的周向扩散至周围部，使电解液快速、充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿着所述中心部的周向，多个所述第一通孔的总长度大于等于所述过渡部的周长的1/2。
在上述方案中，由于过渡部的过流面积小于与其连接的中心部和周围部的过流面积，在电 池单体的内部电流过大时及时熔断集流构件，使电极端子与第一极耳及时断开电连接，使电池单体具有较好的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一通孔为沿所述中心部的周向延伸的弧形孔。
在上述方案中，第一通孔为沿中心部的周向延伸的弧形孔，既能够增加第一通孔的开口面积，利于电解液的扩散，且能够减小中心部相对于周围部凸出的高度，减薄集流构件的厚度，使电池单体的结构紧凑，具有较高的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述周围部上设置有第二通孔，所述第二通孔相对于所述第一通孔更远离所述中心部。
在上述方案中，第二通孔设置于周围部，能够部分暴露出电极组件的相邻的两层极片之间的间隙，电解液能够通过第二通孔进入电极组件的相邻的两层极片之间的间隙，以快速、充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第二通孔围绕所述中心部间隔设置。
在上述方案中，多个第二通孔围绕中心部间隔设置，能够引导电解液围绕中心部的周向进入电极组件的相邻的两层极片之间的间隙，以快速、充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述周围部的背离所述电极组件的一侧设置有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽用于连通所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔。
在上述方案中，第一凹槽设置于周围部的背离电极组件的一侧，且第一凹槽连通第一通孔和第二通孔，能够引导电解液由第一通孔向第二通孔流动以进入电极组件的内部，且能够增加集流构件的背离电极组件的一侧的空间，提高电解液的扩散速度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一凹槽沿所述电极组件的径向延伸至所述周围部的外周面。
在上述方案中，第一凹槽延伸至周围部的外周面，能够引导多余的电解液流动至电极组件与外壳之间的间隙，以使电解液快速充满外壳的内部，充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池单体还包括：绝缘件，设置于所述集流构件与所述第一壁之间，用于绝缘隔离所述集流构件与所述第一壁，所述绝缘件面向所述集流构件的一侧设置有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽用于连通所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔。
在上述方案中，从第一通孔流出的电解液进入绝缘件与集流构件之间的间隙，第二凹槽能够引导电解液由第一通孔流动至第二通孔以进入电极组件的内部，且能够增加集流构件的背离电极组件的一侧的空间，提高电解液的扩散速度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二凹槽沿所述电极组件的径向延伸至所述绝缘件的外周面。
在上述方案中，第二凹槽延伸至绝缘件的外周面，能够引导多余的电解液流动至电极组件与外壳之间的间隙，以使电解液快速充满外壳的内部，充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导流通道为第三凹槽，所述第三凹槽设置于所述周围部的面向所述电极组件的一侧，所述第三凹槽与所述中心孔连通。
在上述方案中，中心孔内的电解液进入电极组件与集流构件之间的间隙，第三凹槽能够引导电解液向周围部扩散，提高电解液的扩散速度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第三凹槽沿所述电极组件的径向延伸至所述周围部的外周面。
在上述方案中，第三凹槽延伸至周围部的外周面，能够引导多余的电解液流动至电极组件与外壳之间的间隙，以使电解液快速充满外壳的内部，充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述外壳还包括第二壁，所述第二壁与所述第一壁沿着所述中心孔的轴线方向相对设置，所述第二壁与所述中心孔对应的位置设有注液孔，所述电池单体还包括：密封件，用于封闭所述注液孔。
在上述方案中，注液孔与导流通道分别设置于中心孔的轴线方向的两侧，电解液由注液孔进入中心孔，一部分电解液从中心孔进入电极组件，另一部分电解液进入导流通道，导流通道引导电解液进一步由中心部向周围部扩散，以快速、充分浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电极组件面向所述第二壁的一端形成有第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳的极性相反，所述第二极耳与所述第二壁电连接。
在上述方案中，电池单体的第一极耳与电极端子电连接，第二极耳与第二壁电连接，电池单体通过电极端子和外壳实现与外部电连接，简化了电池单体的构造。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，另一端形成开口，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述第一壁为所述底壁，所述第二壁为所述端盖。
在上述方案中，注液孔开设于端盖，电极端子设置于底壁，集流构件设置于底壁和电极组件之间，能够容许先将电极端子与集流构件焊接，再使用端盖覆盖开口，简化了电池单体的组装过程。
本申请第二方面实施例提出一种电池，包括本申请第二方面实施例所述的电池单体。
本申请第三方面实施例提出一种用电装置，包括本申请第三方面实施例所述的电池。
本申请第四方面实施例提出一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
提供壳体和电极端子，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，另一端形成开口，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述底壁；
提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端形成有第一极耳，另一端形成有第二极耳；
提供集流构件，所述集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述集流构件上设置有导流通道；
提供端盖，所述端盖上设置有注液孔；
将所述周围部与所述第一极耳连接，使所述中心部与所述中心孔位置对应，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，使所述集流构件位于所述底壁和所述电极组件之间，将所述中心部与所述电极端子连接；
将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口并与所述第二极耳连接，使所述注液孔与所述中心孔位置对应；
通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述导流通道由所述中心部向所述周围部扩散。
本申请第五方面实施例提出一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
第一提供装置，用于提供壳体和电极端子，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，另一端形成开口，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述底壁；
第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端形成有第一极耳，另一端形成有第二极耳；
第三提供装置，用于提供集流构件，所述集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述集流构件上设置有导流通道；
第四提供装置，用于提供端盖，所述端盖上设置有注液孔；
第一组装模块，用于将所述周围部与所述第一极耳连接，使所述中心部与所述中心孔位置对应，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，使所述集流构件位于所述底壁和所述电极组件之间，将所述中心部与所述电极端子连接，将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口并与所述第二极耳连接，使所述注液孔与所述中心孔位置对应；
第二组装模块，用于通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述导流通道由所述中心部向所述周围部扩散。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1示出的是本申请一实施例中的一种车辆的简易示意图；
图2示出的是图1中车辆的电池的结构示意图；
图3示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4示出的是图3中电池单体的剖面图；
图5示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的第一种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；
图6示出的是图5中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图；
图7示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的第二种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；
图8示出的是图7中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图；
图9示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中第三种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；
图10示出的是图9中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图；
图11示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中第三种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；
图12示出的是图11中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图；
图13示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中绝缘件的结构示意图；
图14示出的是图13中绝缘件与集流构件的导流通道配合的结构示意图；
图15示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体中第四种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；
图16示出的是图15中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图；
图17示出的是本申请的一些实施例的一种电池单体的制造方法的示意图；
图18示出的是本申请的一些实施例的一种电池单体的制造设备的示意图；
上述附图未按比例提供。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-电池单体；11-外壳；111-壳体；1111-底壁；1112-侧壁；112-端盖；1121-注液孔；113-开口；12-电极组件；121-主体；1211-中心孔；1212-第一端；1213-第二端；122-第一极耳；123-第二极耳；13-电极端子；14-集流构件；141-中心部；142-周围部；1421-第二通孔；1422-第一凹槽；1423-第三凹槽；1424-第一外周面；143-过渡部；1431-第一通孔；144-第一表面；145-第二表面；146-储液空间；15-密封件；16-绝缘件；161-第三表面；1611-第二凹槽；162-第四表面；163-第二外周面；20-箱体；21-第一箱体；22-第二箱体；200-控制器；300-马达；2000-制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第三提供装置；2400- 第四提供装置；2500-第一组装模块；2600-第二组装模块。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中需要说明的是除非另有明确的规定和限定术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：圆柱电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体，箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括集流构件，集流构件用于将电池单体的极耳和电极端子电连接，以将电能从电极组件输送至电极端子，经电极端子输送至电池单体的外部；多个电池单体之间通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体的串联、并联或者混联。
相关技术中，对电池单体进行注液时，电解液进入外壳内部后扩散困难，不仅注液时间较长，注液效率较低，且电解液不能充分浸润电极组件，导致电极组件电解液浸润不良，电池单体在充放电过程中很容易产生析锂，且电容量也会受到影响。
发明人经研究发现，电池单体的内部结构通常比较紧凑，电极组件和集流构件之间、集流构件和外壳之间以及电极组件和外壳之间紧密接触，能够减小电池单体的体积，提高电池单体的能量密度。由于现有的电池单体的内部不存在能够引导电解液快速扩散的通道，电解液进入外壳内部后通过紧密接触的两个部件之间的缝隙进行扩散，电解液的扩散速度较慢且不均匀，导致电池单体的注液效率低，电极组件的浸润效果差。
基于上述思路，本申请提出一种新的技术方案，电解液能够更快、更充分地浸润电极组件，从而不仅提高了电池单体的注液效率，且提高了电池单体的电容量和安全性能。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例描述的电池单体可以直接对用电装置供电，也可以通过并联或者串联的方式形成电池，以电池的形式对各种用电装置供电。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中描述的使用电池单体、电池模块或者电池所适用的用电装置可以为多种形式，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
本申请的实施例描述的电池单体以及电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池单体以及电池的用电装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动汽车为例进行说明。
图1示出的是本申请一实施例中的一种车辆的简易示意图，图2示出的是图1中车辆的电池的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100、控制器200和马达300，例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300的供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在其他实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆提供驱动动力。
其中，本申请的实施例所提到的电池100是指包括一个或多个电池单体10以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。其中，多个电池单体10之间可以串联、并联或者混联直接组成电池100，混联指的是，多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体10也可以先串联、并联或者混联组成电池100模块，多个电池100模块再串联、并联或者混联组成电池100。
如图2所示，电池100包括多个电池单体10和箱体20，多个电池单体10放置于箱体20内。箱体20包括第一箱体21和第二箱体22，第一箱体21和第二箱体22相互盖合后形成电池100腔，多个电池100模块放置于电池100腔内。其中，第一箱体21和第二箱体22的形状可以根据多个电池100模块组合的形状而定，第一箱体21和第二箱体22可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一箱体21和第二箱体22均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一箱体21和第二箱体22的开口相对设置，并且第一箱体21和第二箱体22相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体20。多个电池单体10相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一箱体21和第二箱体22扣合后形成的箱体20内。
图3示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的爆炸图；图4示出的是图3中电池单体的剖面图。
如图3和图4所示，电池单体10包括外壳11、电极组件12、电极端子13、集流构件14和密封件15。
外壳11包括壳体111和端盖112，壳体111包括底壁1111和侧壁1112，侧壁1112围设在 底壁1111的周围，侧壁1112的一端与底壁1111连接，另一端形成开口113，端盖112覆盖开口113，以将电极组件12封闭于外壳11的内部。
底壁1111和端盖112中的一者设有电极引出孔，电极端子13绝缘安装于电极引出孔。其中，电极引出孔内设置有设有通孔的塑胶件，电极端子13安装于通孔内，以实现绝缘安装于电极引出孔。
壳体111可以为圆柱形或者椭圆柱形，也可以为六面体形。壳体111可由金属材料制成，诸如铝、铝合金或者镀镍钢。端盖112为板状结构，端盖112的尺寸和形状与壳体111的开口113匹配，端盖112固定于壳体111的开口113，从而将电极组件12和电解液封闭于壳体111的容纳腔。端盖112采用金属材料制成，例如铝、钢等材料。
在本申请的一些实施例中，壳体111为圆柱体，壳体111的轴线方向沿第一轴线P延伸，径向沿第一方向R延伸，第一轴线P与第一方向R相互垂直，端盖112为圆板结构。在其他实施例中，壳体111也可以为六面体，端盖112为正方形或者长方形板状结构。
电极组件12设置于外壳11内，电极组件12包括主体121、第一极耳122和第二极耳123。主体121包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜，隔离膜位于正极极片与负极极片之间，用于隔开正极极片与负极极片。第一极耳122和第二极耳123的极性相反，第一极耳122与电极端子13通过集流构件14连接，第二极耳123与外壳11电连接。第一极耳122和第二极耳123中，第一极耳122为正极极耳，第二极耳123为负极极耳；第二极耳123与外壳11可以直接接触，也可以通过另一个集流构件与外壳11连接。其中，与第一极耳122对应的集流构件14的材料为铝，基于“第二极耳123通过另一个集流构件与外壳11连接”的实施形式，与第二极耳123对应的集流构件的材料为铜。
集流构件14用于连接第一极耳122和电极端子13。其中，集流构件14包括中心部141和周围部142，中心部141与中心孔1211位置对应，中心部141用于连接电极端子13，周围部142用于连接第一极耳122。
集流构件14的厚度方向沿第一轴线P延伸，集流构件14的尺寸和形状可以与壳体111匹配，也可以与壳体111的尺寸和形状不匹配。
在本申请的一些实施例中，壳体111为圆柱形，集流构件14为轴线为第一轴线P的圆形板状结构。在其他实施例中，壳体111也可以为六面体形，集流构件14为厚度方向沿第一轴线P延伸的四方形板状结构。
如图3和图4所示，外壳11还开设有注液孔1121，注液孔1121用于向外壳11的内部灌注电解液，密封件15用于在注液完成后封闭注液孔1121。其中，注液孔1121可以采用拉铆工艺进行密封，拉铆后形成密封件15；密封件15也可以为橡胶、硅胶等材质的弹性件，弹性件塞入注液孔1121以封闭注液孔1121。
如图3和图4所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池单体10，包括外壳11、电极组件12和集流构件14。外壳11包括第一壁，电极端子13绝缘安装于第一壁，电极组件12设置于外壳11内，电极组件12具有中心孔1211，电极组件12面向第一壁的一端形成有第一极耳122。集流构件14设置于第一壁和电极组件12之间，集流构件14包括中心部141和周围部142，中心部141与中心孔1211位置对应，中心部141用于连接电极端子13，周围部142用于连接第一极耳122。其中，集流构件14上设置有导流通道，导流通道被配置为引导中心孔1211内的电解液由中心部141向周围部142扩散。
电极组件12采用卷绕方式成型，中心孔1211为电极组件12的卷绕中心，中心孔1211沿第一轴线P贯穿主体121。沿着第一轴线P的延伸方向，中心孔1211的靠近第一壁的一端为第一端1212，远离第一壁的一端为第二端1213。
第一壁与电极组件的第一极耳同侧布置，第一壁为外壳的部分壳壁。在本申请的一些实施例中，第一壁为底壁1111，电极端子13通过绝缘设置于底壁1111。在其他实施例中，第一壁也可以为端盖112，电极端子13绝缘设置于端盖112。
注液孔1121可以设置于第一壁，也可以设置于外壳的其他壳壁。用于在本申请的一些实施例中，沿着第一轴线P的延伸方向，注液孔1121与电极端子13异侧设置，注液孔1121与中心孔1211的第二端1213位置对应，电解液从中心孔1211的第二端1213向第一端1212流动，再经过导流通道向集流构件14的周围部142扩散。在其他实施例中，注液孔1121也可以与电极端子13同侧设置，注液孔1121与中心孔1211的第一端1212位置对应，电解液从中心孔1211的第一端1212进入中心孔1211，再经过导流通道向集流构件14的周围部142扩散。
集流构件14可以具有多种实施形式。中心部141可以为圆板结构，也可以为方板结构；周围部142可以为围绕中心部141周向设置的闭合的环状结构，也可以为围绕中心部141周向设置的不闭合的环状结构。中心部141的边缘可以直接与周围部142连接，中心部141与周围部142的表面平齐；中心部141也可以朝向电极端子13的方向凸出于周围部142。中心部141的中心轴线与周围部142的中心轴线可以重合设置，例如，中心部141为圆盘结构，周围部142为围绕圆盘结构的中心轴线周向设置的环状结构；中心部141的中心轴线与周围部142的中心轴线也可以非重合设置，以与电极端子可靠连接。
中心部141与中心孔1211位置对应，以使中心孔1211内的电解液从第一端1212进入导流通道，由中心部141向周围部142扩散。中心部141与中心孔1211可以同轴设置，也可以非同轴设置。在本申请的一些实施例中，中心部141的中心轴线和中心孔1211的轴线重合，即中心部141的中心轴线也为第一轴线P；在其他实施例中，中心部141的中心轴线也可以与第一轴线P平行或者倾斜。
导流通道用于引导电解液从中心孔1211向周围部142扩散，导流通道可以具有多种实施形式。导流通道可以为设置于中心部141的边缘的通孔，电解液从第一通孔1431流动至集流构件14的背离电极组件12的一侧并向周围部142扩散；导流通道也可以为设置于周围部142的面向电极组件12的一侧的凹槽，电解液经过凹槽进入集流构件14与电极组件12之间并向周围部142扩散。
导流通道的一端与中心孔1211连通，另一端可以延伸至周围部142，也可以延伸至集流构件14的边缘；进一步地，导流通道的另一端可以沿第一方向R延伸至集流构件14的边缘，也可以围绕第一轴线P螺旋盘绕至集流构件14的边缘。
导流通道可以设置有一个，中心孔1211内的电解液全部经过一个导流通道从中心部141向周围部142扩散；导流通道也可以设置有多个，多个导流通道围绕第一轴线P周向间隔分布，中心孔1211内的电解液进入多个导流通道，多个导流通道共同引导电解液从中心部141向周围部142扩散。
对电池单体10进行注液时，电解液进入中心孔1211，导流通道引导中心孔1211内的电解液由中心部141向周围部142扩散，以快速、充分浸润电极组件12，不仅提高了电池单体10的注液效率和组装效率，且提高了电池单体10的电容量的稳定性。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳11还包括第二壁，第二壁与第一壁沿着中心孔1211的轴线方向相对设置，第二壁与中心孔1211对应的位置设有注液孔1121，电池单体10还包括：密封件15，用于封闭注液孔1121。
中心孔1211的轴线方向沿第一轴线P延伸，第二壁与第一壁沿着第一轴线P分别设置于中心孔1211的两侧，第二壁位于中心孔1211的第二端1213，从而实现注液孔1121与集流构件14的导流通道异侧布置。基于前述的“第一壁为底壁1111”的实施形式，第二壁为端盖112，注液孔1121设置于端盖112。基于前述的“第一壁为端盖112”的实施形式，第二壁为底壁1111，注液孔1121设置于底壁1111。
通过上述结构形式，注液孔1121与导流通道分别设置于中心孔1211的轴线方向的两侧，电解液由注液孔1121进入中心孔1211，一部分电解液从中心孔1211进入电极组件12，另一部分电解液进入导流通道，导流通道引导电解液进一步由中心部141向周围部142扩散，以快速、充分浸润电极组件12。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件12面向第二壁的一端形成有第二 极耳123，第一极耳122和第二极耳123的极性相反，第二极耳123与第二壁电连接。
基于前述的“第一壁为底壁1111，第二壁为端盖112”的实施形式，第二极耳123通过另一个集流构件14与端盖112连接，设置有导流通道的集流构件14设置于底壁1111与电极组件12之间，集流构件14的中心部141与电极端子13连接，周围部142与第一极耳122连接。
基于前述的“第一壁为端盖112，第二壁为底壁1111”的实施形式，第二极耳123通过另一个集流构件14与底壁1111连接，设置有导流通道的7集流构件14设置于端盖112与电极组件12之间，集流构件14的中心部141与电极端子13连接，周围部142与第一极耳122连接。
通过上述结构形式，电池单体10的第一极耳122与电极端子13电连接，第二极耳123与第二壁电连接，外壳11作为电池单体10的负极与外部电连接，简化了电池单体10的构造。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳11包括壳体111和端盖112，壳体111包括底壁1111和侧壁1112，侧壁1112围设在底壁1111的周围，侧壁1112的一端与底壁1111连接，另一端形成开口113，端盖112覆盖开口113，第一壁为底壁1111，第二壁为端盖112。
通过上述结构形式，注液孔1121开设于端盖112，易于制造成型；电极端子13设置于底壁1111，集流构件14设置于底壁1111和电极组件12之间，能够容许先将电极端子13与集流构件14焊接，再使用端盖112覆盖开口113，简化了电池单体10的组装过程。
图5示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的第一种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；图6示出的是图5中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图。
如图5和图6所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，导流通道为第一通孔1431，第一通孔1431位于中心部141的边缘。
“中心部141的边缘”可以是中心部141与周围部142之间的过渡结构，也可以是周围部142的靠近中心部141的部分。
第一通孔1431沿着集流构件14的厚度方向贯穿集流构件14，以引导电解液进入集流构件14的背离电极组件12的一侧，进一步扩散至周围部142。
如图5和图6所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，集流构件14为表面平齐的平板结构，中心部141与周围部142直接连接，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，中心部141与周围部142的表面平齐，第一通孔1431的轴线方向与第一轴线P平行。
在其他实施例中，集流构件14的也可以为表面不平齐的平板结构，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，中心部141凸出于周围部142，过渡部143连接中心部141与周围部142，第一通孔1431的轴线方向与第一方向R平行。
第一通孔1431可以设置有一个，中心孔1211内的电解液全部经过一个第一通孔1431从中心部141向周围部142扩散；第一通孔1431也可以设置有多个，多个第一通孔1431围绕第一轴线P周向间隔分布，中心孔1211内的电解液进入多个第一通孔1431，多个第一通孔1431共同引导电解液从中心部141向周围部142扩散。第一通孔1431可以为圆孔，也可以为椭圆孔、方孔、三角孔或者弧形孔等。
通过上述结构形式，第一通孔1431位于中心部141的边缘，电解液通过第一通孔1431从集流构件14的靠近电极组件12的一侧流动至其靠近第一壁的一侧，进而向周围部142扩散，快速、充分浸润电极组件12。
图7示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的第二种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；图8示出的是图7中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图。
如图7和图8所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，中心部141朝向电极端子13的方向凸出于周围部142，集流构件14还包括过渡部143，过渡部143围设在中心部141的周围，过渡部143连接中心部141和周围部142，第一通孔1431设置于过渡部143。
沿着第一轴线P的延伸方向，中心部141朝向电极端子13的方向凸出于周围部142且与电 极端子13连接，过渡部143连接中心部141与周围部142，既将中心部141与周围部142电连接，又利于在过渡部143设置第一通孔1431。
沿着第一轴线P的延伸方向，第一通孔1431可以设置于过渡部143的中部，也可以设置于过渡部143的靠近中心部141的一侧或者靠近周围部142的一侧。第一通孔1431可以完全设置于过渡部143，也可以由过渡部143延伸至中心部141或者周围部142。
形成朝向电极端子13的方向凸出的中心部141方式有多种。可以采用冲压工艺成型中心部141，也可以独立提供中心部141和周围部142，再将二者焊接连接。
中心部141与过渡部143共同围合形成与中心孔1211的第一端1212连通的储液空间146，第一通孔1431沿过渡部143的厚度方向贯穿过渡部143，以引导电解液由储液空间146流动至集流构件14的背离电极组件12的一侧。过渡部143的厚度方向可以沿第一方向R延伸，也可以沿其他与第一轴线P倾斜的方向延伸。
通过上述结构形式，中心部141朝向电极端子13的方向凸出于周围部142，且与过渡部143共同形成与中心孔1211连通的储液空间146。第一通孔1431开设于过渡部143，电解液沿着中心孔1211的轴线方向进入储液空间146后，沿着第一通孔1431的开孔方向流动至集流构件14的靠近第一壁的一侧，由于电解液沿着第一通孔1431的开孔方向继续扩散至周围部142，能够快速、充分浸润电极组件12。
如图7和图8所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一通孔1431的数量为多个，多个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141间隔设置。
具体而言，过渡部143围绕第一轴线P设置，且过渡部143的径向沿第一方向R延伸，多个第一通孔1431的轴线位于垂直于第一轴线P的同一平面上。
如图7所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第一通孔1431的形状和开口尺寸相同，使每个第一通孔1431的出液量相同；多个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141周向均匀设置，以引导电解液周向均匀扩散。
在其他实施例中，多个第一通孔1431的形状和开口尺寸也可以不相同，多个第一通孔1431也可以围绕中心部141周向非均匀设置，通过灵活设置第一通孔1431的开设位置和数量，避让电池单体10内部其他部件所需要的空间以及提高集流构件14的强度，避免过渡部143开孔过多导致集流构件14发生断裂。
第一通孔1431的数量可以为两个至六个，既能够提高电解液的扩散速度，又能够保证集流构件14的强度。
例如，如图7所示，第一通孔1431设置有四个，四个第一通孔1431围绕第一轴线P周向间隔设置于过渡部143，相邻的两个第一通孔1431在绕第一轴线P的方向上间隔90°设置。
通过上述结构形式，多个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141间隔设置，能够引导电解液围绕中心部141的周向扩散至周围部142，使电解液快速、充分浸润电极组件12。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿着中心部141的周向，多个第一通孔1431的总长度大于等于过渡部143的周长的1/2。
可以理解的是，“过渡部143沿中心部141的周向的总长度”指的是，沿着第一轴线P的延伸方向，在开设有第一通孔1431的部分的中部位置，过渡部143的外侧壁1112围绕第一轴线P的周长。“多个第一通孔1431沿中心部141的周向的总长度”指的是，在上述的“开设有第一通孔1431的部分的中部位置”，所有第一通孔1431所占用的总长度。
基于前述的“第一通孔1431设置有一个”的实施方式，第一通孔1431围绕第一轴线P连贯开设于过渡部143，且占据过渡部143周向上的至少180°以上的部分，过渡部143周向上的其余部分为连接区域，连接区域用于连接中心部141和周围部142。基于前述的“四个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141均匀间隔设置”的实施方式，每个第一通孔1431占据过渡部143周向上的至少45°以上的部分，相邻的两个第一通孔1431之间具有连接区域，连接区域用于连接中心部141和 周围部142。
通过上述结构形式，由于过渡部143的过流面积小于中心部141和周围部142的过流面积，能够在电池单体10的内部电流过大时及时熔断集流构件14，使电极端子13与第一极耳122断开电连接，使电池单体10具有较好的安全性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一通孔1431为沿中心部141的周向延伸的弧形孔。
可以理解的是，“第一通孔1431为沿中心部141的周向延伸的弧形孔”指的是，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，第一通孔1431的投影呈围绕第一轴线P弯曲的弧形。
基于前述的“四个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141均匀间隔设置”的实施方式，四个第一通孔1431均为沿中心部141的周向延伸的弧形孔。
通过上述结构形式，第一通孔1431为沿中心部141的周向延伸的弧形孔，既能够增加第一通孔1431的开口面积，利于电解液的扩散，且能够减小中心部141相对于周围部142凸出的高度，从而减薄集流构件14的厚度，使电池单体10的结构紧凑，具有较高的能量密度。
图9示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中第三种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；图10示出的是图9中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图。
如图9和图10所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，周围部142上设置有第二通孔1421，第二通孔1421相对于第一通孔1431更远离中心部141。
第二通孔1421沿着周围部142的厚度贯穿周围部142，且在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，第二通孔1421的投影可以完全落入电极组件12的投影的内部，电解液经过第二通孔1421进入电极组件12的相邻的两层极片之间，以浸润电极组件12；第二通孔1421的投影可以部分落入电极组件12的投影的内部，一部分电解液经过第二通孔1421进入电极组件12的相邻的两层极片之间，另一部分电解液流动至电极组件12的边缘，以进入从电极组件12与外壳11(请参照图4)之间的缝隙，快速、充分进入电极组件12。
第二通孔1421可以设置有一个，电解液全部经过一个第二通孔1421从周围部142进入电极组件12；第二通孔1421也可以设置有多个，多个第二通孔1421围绕第一轴线P周向间隔分布，电解液进入多个第二通孔1421，多个第二通孔1421共同引导电解液从周围部142进入电极组件12，以周向均匀浸润电极组件12；第二通孔1421也可以设置有多组，多组，多组第二通孔1421围绕第一轴线P周向间隔分布，每组第二通孔1421包括沿第一方向R间隔设置的多个第二通孔1421，以在第一方向R上充分引导电解液扩散。
第二通孔1421可以为圆孔，也可以为椭圆孔、方孔、三角孔或者其他形状的孔。
通过上述结构形式，第二通孔1421设置于周围部142，能够部分暴露出电极组件的相邻的两层极片之间的间隙，电解液能够通过第二通孔1421进入电极组件12的相邻的两层极片之间的间隙，以快速、充分浸润电极组件12。
如图9所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第二通孔1421的数量为多个，多个第二通孔1421围绕中心部141间隔设置。
如图9所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第二通孔1421的形状和开口尺寸可以相同，使每个第二通孔1421的出液量相同；多个第二通孔1421可以围绕中心部141周向均匀设置，以引导电解液周向均匀扩散。
在其他实施例中，多个第二通孔1421的形状和开口尺寸也可以不相同，多个第二通孔1421也可以中心部141周向非均匀设置，通过灵活设置第二通孔1421的开设位置和数量，避让电池单体10内部其他部件所需要的空间以及提高集流构件14的强度，避免过渡部143开孔过多导致易于断裂。
如图9所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第二通孔1421与第一通孔1431可以对应设置。基于前述的“四个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141均匀间隔设置”的实施方式，第一通孔1431设置 有四个，第二通孔1421设置有四个，第一通孔1431与第二通孔1421一一对应，第二通孔1421与对应的第一通孔1431沿着电池单体10的径向(即第一方向R)间隔设置，以引导电解液沿第一方向R由第一通孔1431流动至第二通孔1421，由第二通孔1421进入电极组件12。
在其他实施例中，第二通孔1421的数量与设置位置也可以与第一通孔1431的数量与设置位置独立设置。例如，第一通孔1431设置有四个，四个第一通孔1431围绕第一轴线P均匀间隔设置于过渡部143；第二通孔1421设置有六个，六个第二通孔1421围绕第一轴线P均匀间隔设置于周围部142。
通过上述结构形式，多个第二通孔1421围绕中心部141间隔设置，能够引导电解液围绕中心部141的周向进入电极组件12的相邻的两层极片之间的间隙，以快速、充分浸润电极组件12。
图11示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中第三种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；图12示出的是图11中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图；
如图11和图12所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，周围部142的背离电极组件12的一侧设置有第一凹槽1422，第一凹槽1422用于连通第一通孔1431和第二通孔1421。
沿着集流构件14的厚度方向，集流构件14的背离电极组件12的一侧包括第一表面144，面向电极组件12的一侧包括第二表面145。其中，第一凹槽1422开设于第一表面144。
第一凹槽1422可以采用冲压工艺成型，也可以采用刨铣工艺成型。第一凹槽1422的一端与第一通孔1431连通，另一端可以延伸至第二通孔1421；第一通孔1431也可以形成于第一凹槽1422的内部，第一凹槽1422的另一端延伸至周围部142的边缘；第一凹槽1422可以沿第一方向R延伸，也可以围绕第一轴线P螺旋延伸或者沿其他方向延伸。
沿着第一凹槽1422的延伸方向，第一凹槽1422的槽深可以相同，以简化第一凹槽1422的形状，使集流构件14易于加工成型；第一凹槽1422的槽深也可以沿着第一凹槽1422的延伸方向发生变化，以引导电解液快速扩散，例如，由第一通孔1431朝向第二通孔1421的方向，第一凹槽1422的槽深逐渐增大。第一凹槽1422的槽宽可以相同，以简化第一凹槽1422的形状，使集流构件14易于加工成型；第一凹槽1422的槽宽也可以沿着第一凹槽1422的延伸方向发生变化，以引导电解液快速扩散，例如，由第一通孔1431朝向第二通孔1421的方向，第一凹槽1422的槽宽逐渐增大。
如图11所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，在围绕第一轴线P的方向上，第一通孔1431、第二通孔1421的孔径和第一凹槽1422的宽度相同，以减少第一凹槽1422的开设面积，使集流构件14的强度较高，不易断裂。在其他实施例中，第一凹槽1422的宽度也可以大于第一通孔1431和第二通孔1421的孔径，以提高电解液的扩散速度。
如图11所示，基于前述的“四个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141均匀间隔设置，第二通孔1421与第一通孔1431对应设置”的实施方式，第一凹槽1422设置有四个，四个第一凹槽1422围绕第一轴线P间隔设置，每个第一凹槽1422连通对应的第一通孔1431与第二通孔1421。
通过上述结构形式，第一凹槽1422设置于周围部142的背离电极组件12的一侧，且第一凹槽1422连通第一通孔1431和第二通孔1421，能够引导电解液由第一通孔1431向第二通孔1421流动以进入电极组件12的内部，且能够增加集流构件14的背离电极组件12的一侧的空间，提高电解液的扩散速度。
如图11所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一凹槽1422沿电极组件12的径向延伸至周围部142的外周面。
具体而言，周围部142围绕第一轴线P的外周面为第一外周面1424，第一凹槽1422可以沿第一方向R延伸，也可以围绕第一轴线P螺旋延伸或者沿其他方向延伸。
如图11所示，基于前述的“四个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141均匀间隔设置，第二通孔1421与第一通孔1431对应设置”的实施方式，第一通孔1431和对应的第二通孔1421沿第一方向R间隔设置，第一凹槽1422沿第一方向R延伸至第一外周面1424，以连通第一通孔1431和对应的 第二通孔1421。
通过上述结构形式，第一凹槽1422延伸至周围部142的外周面，能够引导多余的电解液流动至电极组件12与外壳11之间的间隙，以使电解液快速充满外壳11的内部，充分浸润电极组件12。
图13示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中绝缘件的结构示意图；图14示出的是图13中绝缘件与集流构件的导流通道配合的结构示意图。
如图13和图14所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体10还包括：绝缘件16，设置于集流构件14与第一壁之间，用于绝缘隔离集流构件14与第一壁，绝缘件16面向集流构件14的一侧设置有第二凹槽1611，第二凹槽1611用于连通第一通孔1431和第二通孔1421。
绝缘件16的厚度方向沿第一轴线P延伸，绝缘件16的面向集流构件14的一侧包括第三表面161，面向第一壁的一侧包括第四表面162。其中，第二凹槽1611设置于第三表面161。
绝缘件16的形状可以与壳体111的形状匹配，例如，当壳体111为圆柱体时，绝缘件16的形状为圆形板状结构；绝缘件16的形状也可以与壳体111的形状独立设置，例如，当壳体111为圆柱体时，绝缘件16的形状可以为四方形板状结构。
基于前述的“第一壁为底壁1111”的实施方式，绝缘件16为下塑胶，以绝缘隔离集流构件14与底壁1111。绝缘件16也可以是为了促进电解液扩散而额外设置的部件。
绝缘件16可以采用注塑成型，第二凹槽1611直接形成于绝缘件16的第三表面161，也可以采用刨除的方式形成第二凹槽1611。第二凹槽1611的一端与第一通孔1431连通，另一端可以延伸至第二通孔1421；第二凹槽1611也可以延伸至绝缘件16的边缘，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，第二通孔1421的投影落入第二凹槽1611的投影范围内部；第二凹槽1611可以沿第一方向R延伸，也可以围绕第一轴线P螺旋延伸或者沿其他方向延伸。
沿着第二凹槽1611的延伸方向，第二凹槽1611的槽深可以相同，以简化第二凹槽1611的形状，使绝缘件16易于加工成型；第二凹槽1611的槽深也可以沿着第二凹槽1611的延伸方向发生变化，以引导电解液快速扩散，例如，由第一通孔1431朝向第二通孔1421的方向，第二凹槽1611的槽深逐渐增大。第二凹槽1611的槽宽可以相同，以简化第二凹槽1611的形状，使集流构件14易于加工成型；第二凹槽1611的槽宽也可以沿着第二凹槽1611的延伸方向发生变化，以引导电解液快速扩散，例如，由第一通孔1431朝向第二通孔1421的方向，第二凹槽1611的槽宽逐渐增大。
在围绕第一轴线P的方向上，第一通孔1431、第二通孔1421的孔径和第二凹槽1611的宽度可以相同，以减少第二凹槽1611的开设面积，使集流构件14的强度较高，不易断裂；第二凹槽1611的宽度也可以大于第一通孔1431和第二通孔1421的孔径，以提高电解液的扩散速度。
第二凹槽1611可以与第一凹槽1422对应设置，以提高电解液的扩散速度。例如，基于前述的“四个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141均匀间隔设置，第二通孔1421与第一通孔1431对应设置，第一凹槽1422设置有四个，每个第一凹槽1422连通对应的第一通孔1431与第二通孔1421”的实施方式，第二凹槽1611也设置有四个，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，第一凹槽1422与对应的第二凹槽1611的投影轮廓重合。
第二凹槽1611也可以与第一凹槽1422独立设置，以简化集流构件14与绝缘件16的组装定位要求。例如，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，第一凹槽1422与对应的第二凹槽1611的投影轮廓不完全重合；再例如，如图16所示，集流构件14的第一表面144没有设置第一凹槽1422，第一通孔1431和对应的第二通孔1421仅通过第二凹槽1611连通。
通过上述结构形式，从第一通孔1431流出的电解液进入绝缘件16与集流构件14之间的间隙，第二凹槽1611能够引导电解液由第一通孔1431流动至第二通孔1421，使电解液进入电极组件12的内部，且能够增加集流构件14的背离电极组件12的一侧的空间，提高电解液的扩散速度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二凹槽1611沿电极组件12的径向延伸至绝缘件16的外周 面。
具体而言，绝缘件16围绕第一轴线P的外周面为第二外周面163。第二凹槽1611可以沿第一方向R延伸，也可以围绕第一轴线P螺旋延伸或者沿其他方向延伸。
基于前述的“四个第一通孔1431围绕中心部141均匀间隔设置，第二通孔1421与第一通孔1431对应设置”的实施方式，第一通孔1431和对应的第二通孔1421沿第一方向R间隔设置，第二凹槽1611设置有四个，每个第二凹槽1611沿第一方向R延伸至第二外周面163，以连通第一通孔1431和对应的第二通孔1421。
通过上述结构形式，第二凹槽1611延伸至绝缘件16的外周面，能够引导多余的电解液流动至电极组件12与外壳11之间的间隙，以使电解液快速充满外壳11的内部，充分浸润电极组件12。
图15示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体中第四种形式的集流构件的结构示意图；图16示出的是图15中的集流构件的导流通道与中心孔配合的结构示意图；
如图15和图16所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，导流通道为第三凹槽1423，第三凹槽1423设置于周围部142的面向电极组件12的一侧，第三凹槽1423与中心孔1211连通。
具体而言，集流构件14的第二表面145设置有第三凹槽1423，第三凹槽1423的一端延伸至中心部141以与中心孔1211连通，另一端可以延伸至集流构件14的边缘，也可以延伸至周围部142。基于前述的“中心部141朝向电极端子13的方向凸出于周围部142”的实施形式，第三凹槽1423的一端与储液空间146连通，以实现与中心孔1211连通。
第三凹槽1423可以采用冲压工艺成型，也可以采用刨铣工艺成型。第三凹槽1423可以沿第一方向R延伸，也可以围绕第一轴线P螺旋延伸或者沿其他方向延伸。
沿着第三凹槽的延伸方向，第三凹槽1423的槽深可以相同，以简化第三凹槽1423的形状，使集流构件14易于加工成型；第三凹槽1423的槽深也可以沿着第三凹槽1423的延伸方向发生变化，以引导电解液快速扩散，例如，由中心部141向周围部142的方向，第三凹槽1423的槽深逐渐增大。第三凹槽1423的槽宽可以相同，以简化第三凹槽1423的形状，使集流构件14易于加工成型；第三凹槽1423的槽宽也可以沿着第三凹槽1423的延伸方向发生变化，以引导电解液快速扩散，例如，由中心部141向周围部142的方向，第三凹槽1423的槽宽逐渐增大。
第三凹槽1423可以设置有一个，电解液全部经过一个第三凹槽1423由中心部141向周围部142扩散；第三凹槽1423也可以设置有多个，多个第三凹槽1423围绕第一轴线P周向间隔分布，电解液进入多个第三凹槽1423，多个第三凹槽1423共同引导电解液由中心部141向周围部142扩散，以周向均匀浸润电极组件12。
通过上述结构形式，中心孔1211内的电解液进入电极组件12与集流构件14之间的间隙，第三凹槽1423能够引导电解液向周围部142扩散，提高电解液的扩散速度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第三凹槽1423沿电极组件12的径向延伸至周围部142的外周面。
第三凹槽1423可以沿第一方向R延伸，也可以围绕第一轴线P螺旋延伸或者沿其他方向延伸。基于前述的“多个第三凹槽1423围绕第一轴线P周向间隔分布”的实施形式，第三凹槽1423的一端与中心孔1211连通，另一端沿第一方向R延伸至周围部142的第一外周面1424；基于前述的“第三凹槽1423可以设置有一个”的实施形式，第三凹槽1423的一端与中心孔1211连通，另一端围绕第一轴线P螺旋延伸至周围部142的第一外周面1424。
通过上述结构形式，第三凹槽1423延伸至周围部142的外周面，能够引导多余的电解液流动至电极组件12与外壳11之间的间隙，以使电解液快速充满外壳11的内部，充分浸润电极组件12。
本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池100，包括电池单体10。
本申请的一些实施例提出一种用电装置，包括电池100。
图17示出的是本申请的一些实施例的一种电池单体的制造方法的示意图。
如图17所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池单体10的制造方法，包括：
S100：提供壳体111和电极端子13，壳体111包括底壁1111和侧壁1112，侧壁1112围设在底壁1111的周围，侧壁1112的一端与底壁1111连接，另一端形成开口113，电极端子13绝缘安装于底壁1111；
S200：提供电极组件12，电极组件12具有中心孔1211，电极组件12的一端形成有第一极耳122，另一端形成有第二极耳123；
S300：提供集流构件14，集流构件14包括中心部141和周围部142，集流构件14上设置有导流通道；
S400：提供端盖112，端盖112上设置有注液孔1121；
S500：将周围部142与第一极耳122连接，使中心部141与中心孔1211位置对应，将电极组件12放入壳体111内，使集流构件14位于底壁1111和电极组件12之间，将中心部141与电极端子13连接；
S600：将端盖112覆盖于开口113并与第二极耳123连接，使注液孔1121与中心孔1211位置对应；
S700：通过注液孔1121向壳体111的内部注入电解液，电解液进入中心孔1211，并通过导流通道由中心部141向周围部142扩散。
图18示出的是本申请的一些实施例的一种电池单体的制造设备的示意图。
如图18所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池单体10的制造设备2000，包括：
第一提供装置2100，用于提供壳体111和电极端子13，壳体111包括底壁1111和侧壁1112，侧壁1112围设在底壁1111的周围，侧壁1112的一端与底壁1111连接，另一端形成开口113，电极端子13绝缘安装于底壁1111；
第二提供装置2200，用于提供电极组件12，电极组件12具有中心孔1211，电极组件12的一端形成有第一极耳122，另一端形成有第二极耳123；
第三提供装置2300，用于提供集流构件14，集流构件14包括中心部141和周围部142，集流构件14上设置有导流通道；
第四提供装置2400，用于提供端盖112，端盖112上设置有注液孔1121；
第一组装模块2500，用于将周围部142与第一极耳122连接，使中心部141与中心孔1211位置对应，将电极组件12放入壳体111内，使集流构件14位于底壁1111和电极组件12之间，将中心部141与电极端子13连接，将端盖112覆盖于开口113并与第二极耳123连接，使注液孔1121与中心孔1211位置对应；
第二组装模块2600，用于通过注液孔1121向壳体111的内部注入电解液，电解液进入中心孔1211，并通过导流通道由中心部141向周围部142扩散。
如图3、图4、图11和图12所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种圆柱形电池，包括壳体111、端盖112、电极组件12、电极端子13、正极集流盘、铆钉和下塑胶。端盖112设有注液孔1121，注液孔1121使用铆钉密封。电极组件12包括正极极耳和负极极耳，正极极耳与壳体111的底壁1111通过正极集流盘连接，下塑胶绝缘隔离正极集流盘和底壁1111，负极极耳通过负极集流盘与端盖112硬怼接触。正极集流盘的中心朝向底壁1111凸起以形成中心部141，周围部142围绕中心部141周向设置。凸起的侧壁设有第一通孔1431，周围部142的与第一通孔1431同一侧的表面凹陷形成第一凹槽1422，第一凹槽1422沿正极集流盘的径向延伸，且径向延伸的第一凹槽1422的内部形成第二通孔1421，第二通孔1421用于分液。注液时，圆柱形电池的注液孔1121位于底 侧，电解液从电极组件12的中心孔1211向上流动，在正极集流盘的第一通孔1431进入第一凹槽1422并径向扩散，流向壳体111与电极组件12之间的间隙，并通过第二通孔1421进入电极组件12，提高整个圆柱形电池的电解液浸润性。
其中，正极集流盘的凸起侧壁挖空区域超过圆周的1/2，以起到FUSE作用。正极集流盘朝向底壁1111的凹槽与第一通孔1431连通，以引导电解液进入第一凹槽1422。每一个第一凹槽1422中的第二通孔1421可以为1个、2个等等，形状个可以为圆形、三角形、方形、椭圆形等等。
如图3、图4、图13和图14所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种圆柱形电池，包括壳体111、端盖112、电极组件12、电极端子13、正极集流盘、铆钉和下塑胶。正极集流盘设有第一通孔1431和第二通孔1421，下塑胶的面向正极集流盘的表面设有第二凹槽1611，第二凹槽1611与第一通孔1431和第二通孔1421配合。注液时，电解液从第一通孔1431进入第二凹槽1611并径向扩散，流向壳体111与电极组件12之间的间隙，并通过第二通孔1421进入电极组件12，提高整个圆柱形电池的电解液浸润性。
其中，第二凹槽1611的宽度、正极集流盘的中心凸起高度和第二通孔1421的孔径相同。
如图3、图4、图15和图16所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种圆柱形电池，包括壳体111、端盖112、电极组件12、电极端子13、正极集流盘、铆钉和下塑胶。正极集流盘朝向底壁1111凸起以形成中心部141，周围部142围绕中心部141设置，周围部142的面向电极组件12的表面设有第三凹槽1423，第三凹槽1423沿正极集流盘的径向延伸。注液时，电解液从电极组件12的中心孔1211向上流动，在正极集流盘中心凸起的内部和第三凹槽1423径向扩散，流向壳体111与电极组件12之间的间隙和电极组件12，提高整个圆柱形电池的电解液浸润性。
其中，第三凹槽1423的个数可以为两个至六个，多个第三凹槽1423周向间隔布置于正极集流盘。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    外壳，包括第一壁；
    电极端子，绝缘安装于所述第一壁；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件面向所述第一壁的一端形成有第一极耳；
    集流构件，设置于所述第一壁和所述电极组件之间，所述集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述中心部与所述中心孔位置对应，所述中心部用于连接所述电极端子，所述周围部用于连接所述第一极耳；
    其中，所述集流构件上设置有导流通道，所述导流通道被配置为引导所述中心孔内的电解液由所述中心部向所述周围部扩散。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述导流通道为第一通孔，所述第一通孔位于所述中心部的边缘。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述中心部朝向所述电极端子的方向凸出于所述周围部，所述集流构件还包括过渡部，所述过渡部围设在所述中心部的周围，所述过渡部连接所述中心部和所述周围部，所述第一通孔设置于所述过渡部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第一通孔围绕所述中心部间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，沿着所述中心部的周向，多个所述第一通孔的总长度大于等于所述过渡部的周长的1/2。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一通孔为沿所述中心部的周向延伸的弧形孔。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述周围部上设置有第二通孔，所述第二通孔相对于所述第一通孔更远离所述中心部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第二通孔围绕所述中心部间隔设置。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述周围部的背离所述电极组件的一侧设置有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽用于连通所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一凹槽沿所述电极组件的径向延伸至所述周围部的外周面。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    绝缘件，设置于所述集流构件与所述第一壁之间，用于绝缘隔离所述集流构件与所述第一壁，所述绝缘件面向所述集流构件的一侧设置有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽用于连通所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二凹槽沿所述电极组件的径向延伸至所述绝缘件的外周面。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述导流通道为第三凹槽，所述第三凹槽设置于所述周围部的面向所述电极组件的一侧，所述第三凹槽与所述中心孔连通。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述第三凹槽沿所述电极组件的径向延伸至所述周围部的外周面。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳还包括第二壁，所述第二壁与所述第一壁沿着所述中心孔的轴线方向相对设置，所述第二壁与所述中心孔对应的位置设有注液孔，所述电池单体还包括：
    密封件，用于封闭所述注液孔。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件面向所述第二壁的一端形成有第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳的极性相反，所述第二极耳与所述第二壁电连接。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，另一端形成开口，所述 端盖覆盖所述开口，所述第一壁为所述底壁，所述第二壁为所述端盖。
  18. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池单体。
  19. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求18所述的电池。
  20. 一种电池单体的制造方法，其中，包括：
    提供壳体和电极端子，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，另一端形成开口，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述底壁；
    提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端形成有第一极耳，另一端形成有第二极耳；
    提供集流构件，所述集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述集流构件上设置有导流通道；
    提供端盖，所述端盖上设置有注液孔；
    将所述周围部与所述第一极耳连接，使所述中心部与所述中心孔位置对应，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，使所述集流构件位于所述底壁和所述电极组件之间，将所述中心部与所述电极端子连接；
    将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口并与所述第二极耳连接，使所述注液孔与所述中心孔位置对应；
    通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述导流通道由所述中心部向所述周围部扩散。
  21. 一种电池单体的制造设备，其中，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供壳体和电极端子，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，另一端形成开口，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述底壁；
    第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端形成有第一极耳，另一端形成有第二极耳；
    第三提供装置，用于提供集流构件，所述集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述集流构件上设置有导流通道；
    第四提供装置，用于提供端盖，所述端盖上设置有注液孔；
    第一组装模块，用于将所述周围部与所述第一极耳连接，使所述中心部与所述中心孔位置对应，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，使所述集流构件位于所述底壁和所述电极组件之间，将所述中心部与所述电极端子连接，将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口并与所述第二极耳连接，使所述注液孔与所述中心孔位置对应；
    第二组装模块，用于通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述导流通道由所述中心部向所述周围部扩散。
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