WO2023065192A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023065192A1
WO2023065192A1 PCT/CN2021/125113 CN2021125113W WO2023065192A1 WO 2023065192 A1 WO2023065192 A1 WO 2023065192A1 CN 2021125113 W CN2021125113 W CN 2021125113W WO 2023065192 A1 WO2023065192 A1 WO 2023065192A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current collecting
collecting member
wall
tab
protrusion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/125113
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方堃
郭志君
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020247001404A priority Critical patent/KR102925326B1/ko
Priority to EP21960943.5A priority patent/EP4376180A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/125113 priority patent/WO2023065192A1/zh
Priority to JP2024500539A priority patent/JP7709588B2/ja
Priority to CN202180093647.1A priority patent/CN116868421B/zh
Priority to CN202511247987.1A priority patent/CN121394802A/zh
Publication of WO2023065192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023065192A1/zh
Priority to US18/411,037 priority patent/US20240145887A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/179—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/477—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H01M10/0409—Machines for assembling batteries for cells with wound electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and equipment for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a manufacturing method and equipment for the battery cell.
  • the battery cell has high safety.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing, including a wall; electrode terminals, insulated and installed on the wall; an electrode assembly, arranged in the casing, and the electrode assembly includes a main body and a second A tab, the first tab is formed at one end of the main body close to the wall; a current collecting member is arranged between the first tab and the wall for connecting the first tab A tab and the electrode terminal; a first insulator, disposed between the current collecting member and the wall, for insulating and isolating the current collecting member and the wall; wherein, the first A protrusion is formed on the side of the insulator facing the current collecting member, and along the thickness direction of the wall, the projection of the protrusion on the current collecting member is consistent with the projection of the electrode terminal on the current collecting member.
  • the projections on do not overlap.
  • the protrusion can limit the warping of the current collecting member toward the wall, thereby The deformation of the electrode assembly towards the wall is limited, and the misalignment between the pole pieces of the electrode assembly is prevented from causing short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the current collecting member includes a central portion and a peripheral portion, the projection of the electrode terminal on the current collecting member is located at the central portion, and the protrusion is located on the current collecting member.
  • the projection on is located in the surrounding portion.
  • the electrode terminal abuts against the central part, and the protrusion can abut against the surrounding part, so as to limit and support the surrounding part, and restrict the surrounding part from warping toward the wall. Therefore, the misalignment between the pole pieces of the outer ring of the electrode assembly is limited to cause short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the minimum distance from the protrusion to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member is smaller than the minimum distance from the protrusion to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal .
  • the protrusion is set closer to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member and farther away from the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal, so that The protrusion can limit and support the pole piece farther away from the electrode terminal, that is, the pole piece of the outer ring, which reduces the probability of misalignment of the pole piece of the outer ring and prevents the battery from being damaged due to the misalignment of the pole piece of the outer ring. Short circuit and thermal runaway within the cell improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the electrode terminal since the electrode terminal needs to be in contact with the current collecting member to achieve electrical connection, by providing a certain gap between the protrusion and the current collecting member, it is possible to avoid the gap between the protrusion and the electrode terminal and the current collecting member.
  • the connection causes interference, ensuring the stability of the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the current collecting member.
  • the protrusion is an annular protrusion arranged around the central axis of the electrode terminal; or, the number of the protrusions is multiple, and a plurality of the protrusions surround the electrode
  • the central axes of the terminals are distributed at intervals.
  • the ring-shaped protrusions have a relatively uniform limiting and supporting effect on the pole piece and the diaphragm of the outer ring of the electrode assembly, and it is not easy for the pole piece to be dislocated at a local position.
  • the form in which the plurality of protrusions are distributed at intervals around the central axis of the electrode terminal reduces the material of the first insulating part and reduces the difficulty of forming the first insulating part.
  • the battery cell further includes an insulating film, and the insulating film covers the outer peripheral surface of the first tab and the main body and extends to the protrusion and the collector. between flow components.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first tab and the main body is covered by an insulating film, and the insulating film plays an insulating role between the first tab and the main body and the shell, reducing the distance between the first tab and the main body and the shell.
  • the probability of short circuit reduces the risk of short circuit of the battery cell and improves the safety of the battery cell.
  • the insulating film extends between the protrusion and the current collecting member, so that the protrusion and the current collecting member can press the insulating film, prevent the insulating film from moving, and improve the covering of the insulating film on the current collecting member, the first tab and the current collecting member.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover
  • the housing includes a bottom wall and a side wall
  • the side wall surrounds the bottom wall
  • one end of the side wall is connected to the
  • the other end of the side wall surrounds an opening opposite to the bottom wall
  • the end cover covers the opening
  • the wall part is the bottom wall or the end cover.
  • the bottom wall and the side wall define a space for accommodating the electrode assembly, electrolyte and other structures, and the end cover covers the opening surrounded by the side wall to ensure the sealing of the casing.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a second tab, the second tab is formed at an end of the main body away from the wall, and the second tab is connected to the first tab.
  • the polarity of one tab is opposite, and the second tab is electrically connected to the wall.
  • the first tab and the second tab are located at both ends of the electrode assembly, and there is better insulation between the first tab and the second tab, which reduces the risk of short circuit of the battery cell and improves the battery capacity. Safety of battery cells.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell described above.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including providing a casing and electrode terminals, the casing includes a wall, and the electrode terminals are insulated and installed on the wall; providing an electrode assembly, the electrode The assembly includes a main body and a first tab, the first tab is formed at one end of the main body close to the wall; a current collecting member is provided; a first insulator is provided, and the first insulator faces toward the A protrusion is formed on one side of the current collecting member, and the projection of the protrusion on the current collecting member does not overlap with the projection of the electrode terminal on the current collecting member along the thickness direction of the wall portion; Connect the current collecting member to the first tab, place the first insulator on the wall, and make the protrusion face away from the wall, put the electrode assembly into the and a case connecting the current collecting member to the electrode terminal.
  • the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, including a first providing device for providing a casing and an electrode terminal, the casing includes a wall, and the electrode terminal is insulated and installed on the wall;
  • the second providing device is used to provide an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly includes a main body and a first tab, and the first tab is formed at an end of the main body close to the wall;
  • the third providing device is used for A current collecting member is provided;
  • a fourth providing means is used for providing a first insulating member, a protrusion is formed on a side of the first insulating member facing the current collecting member, along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the The projection of the protrusion on the current collecting member does not overlap with the projection of the electrode terminal on the current collecting member;
  • an assembly device is used to connect the current collecting member to the first tab, and the The first insulator is disposed on the wall, and the protrusion is turned away from the wall, the electrode assembly is put into the casing, and the current collecting member is connected to
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of A of the battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an annular protrusion formed by the first insulating member provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of forming a plurality of protrusions on the first insulating member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an insulating film covering the outer peripheral surface of the first tab and the main body provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of place B provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing method of the battery cell provided by the fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing equipment of the battery cell provided by the fifth embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a diaphragm.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP (Polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (Polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the electrode terminals cannot meet the pole piece and the diaphragm of the outer ring of the electrode assembly (the part where the projection of the pole piece and the diaphragm on the current collecting member and the projection of the electrode terminal on the current collecting member do not overlap ) to limit and support, therefore, when the electrode assembly is installed into the casing, the current collecting member will warp, resulting in misalignment of the pole pieces of the outer ring. The dislocation of the pole piece will cause a short circuit in the battery cell and cause thermal runaway, which poses a great safety hazard and seriously affects the safety of the battery.
  • the battery cell includes a shell, and the shell includes a wall (located at one end of the shell ), a first insulator is provided between the current collecting member and the wall, and a protrusion is formed on the side of the first insulator facing the current collecting member, along the thickness direction of the wall, the protrusion on the current collecting member The projection does not overlap with the projection of the electrode terminal on the current collecting member.
  • the protrusion can limit the direction of the current collecting member toward the wall to a certain extent during the process of putting the electrode assembly into the case. Warpage, thereby limiting the deformation of the electrode assembly towards the wall, preventing the misalignment between the pole pieces of the electrode assembly and causing short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell, and improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle is used as an example of an electric device in the embodiment of the present application for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 20 and a battery cell 10 housed in the case 20 .
  • the box body 20 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 10 , and the box body 20 may adopt various structures.
  • the box 20 may include a first sub-box 21 and a second sub-box 22, the first sub-box 21 and the second sub-box 22 cover each other, the first sub-box 21 and the second sub-box
  • the two sub-boxes 22 jointly define an accommodating space for accommodating the battery cells 10 .
  • the second sub-casing 22 can be a hollow structure with an open end, and the first sub-casing 21 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first sub-casing 21 covers the opening side of the second sub-casing 22, so that the first sub-casing Casing body 21 and the second sub-casing body 22 define accommodating space jointly; Cover the opening side of the second sub-box 22 .
  • the box body 20 formed by the first sub-box body 21 and the second sub-box body 22 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 10 , and the multiple battery cells 10 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole of the plurality of battery cells 10 is housed in the box 20; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 10
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or in parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole and accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a current flow component for realizing electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • each battery cell 10 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 10 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a casing 11 , an electrode assembly 13 and other functional components.
  • the casing 11 is a component used to form the internal environment of the battery cell 10 , wherein the internal environment formed by the casing 11 can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 13 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 11 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cylinder, cuboid, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the shell 11 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the housing 11 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is a part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 10 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 13 may be contained within the housing 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 13 is mainly formed by winding or laminating the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and usually a separator is provided between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece with active material constitutes the main body 132 of the electrode assembly 13 , and the parts of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece without active material respectively form tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body 132 together or at both ends of the main body 132 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 10 , which includes a casing 11 , an electrode terminal 12 , an electrode assembly 13 , a current collecting member 14 and a first insulator 15 .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the housing 11 includes a wall portion 11a, and the electrode terminal 12 is insulated from the wall portion 11a.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is disposed in the casing 11 , and the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131 , and the first tab 131 is formed at an end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11 a.
  • the current collecting member 14 is disposed between the electrode assembly 13 and the wall portion 11 a, and the current collecting member 14 is used to connect the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the first insulator 15 is disposed between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a for insulating the current collecting member 14 from the wall portion 11a.
  • a protrusion 151 is formed on the side of the first insulator 15 facing the current collecting member 14.
  • the projection of the protrusion 151 on the current collecting member 14 is the same as that of the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14. The projections on do not overlap.
  • parts with different polarities in the battery cell 10 should be insulated and isolated, for example, between the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a, between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a, And the first tab 131 should be insulated from the housing 11 .
  • a first insulator 15 is provided between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11 a to insulate the current collecting member 14 from the wall portion 11 a.
  • the electrode terminal 12 is insulated and installed on the wall portion 11a. It can be understood that an insulating structure is also provided between the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a to insulate and isolate the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a.
  • the first insulator 15 may extend between the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a to insulate and isolate the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a.
  • the battery cell 10 may further include a second insulating member 17, and the second insulating member 17 is disposed between the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a, so as to The insulation separates the electrode terminal 12 from the wall portion 11a, and the first insulator 15 is disposed between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a to insulate the current collecting member 14 from the wall portion 11a.
  • the first insulating member 15 and the second insulating member 17 can be integrally formed. This arrangement reduces the number of parts and makes the battery cell 10 The structure is compact, and the installation and positioning of the first insulator 15 and the second insulator 17 are convenient, which simplifies the assembly process of the battery cell 10 and improves the production efficiency of the battery cell 10 . In some other embodiments of the present application, the first insulator 15 and the second insulator 17 may also be arranged separately.
  • the material of the first insulating member 15 and the second insulating member 17 can be plastics, such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride, polyvinyl chloride), PP (Polypropylene, polypropylene) etc., perhaps, the material of the first insulating member 15 can also be rubber , such as butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, silicone rubber, etc.
  • the electrode assembly 13 further includes a second tab 133 , and the polarity of the second tab 133 is opposite to that of the first tab 131 .
  • the electrode assembly 13 is formed by winding pole pieces and separators.
  • the pole piece includes a positive pole piece and a negative pole piece, and the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece are separated by a diaphragm.
  • the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece with active material constitutes the main body 132 , and the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece without active material is used to form the positive pole lug and the negative pole lug respectively.
  • the first tab 131 may be a positive tab, which is composed of a part of the positive electrode sheet without active material; the second tab may be a negative electrode tab, which is composed of a part of the negative electrode sheet without active material.
  • the first tab 131 can be a negative tab, which is composed of a part of the negative electrode sheet without active material; the second tab can be a positive electrode tab, and is composed of a part of the positive electrode sheet without active material.
  • the use of the current collecting member 14 for connecting the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12 means that both the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12 are connected to the current collecting member 14, and the connection between the first tab 131 and the electrode is realized through the current collecting member 14. Electrical connection between terminals 12.
  • the projection of the protrusion 151 on the current collecting member 14 does not overlap with the projection of the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14 , which means that the position of the protrusion 151 and the electrode terminal 12 are staggered.
  • the protrusion 151 can limit the current collecting member 14 during the process of putting the electrode assembly 13 into the casing. Warping toward the wall 11a, thereby limiting the deformation of the electrode assembly 13 toward the wall 11a, preventing the misalignment between the pole pieces of the electrode assembly 13 and causing short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell 10, and improving the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the first insulating member 15 also realizes the insulation isolation between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a, and the same first insulating member 15 realizes different functions, reduces the number of components, and makes the structure of the battery cell 10 compact. .
  • the current collecting member 14 includes a central portion 141 and a peripheral portion 142, the projection of the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14 is located at the central portion 141, and the protrusion 151 is located on the current collecting member 142.
  • the projection on the member 14 is located at the peripheral portion 142 .
  • the peripheral portion 142 is disposed around the central portion 141 .
  • the projection of the pole piece and diaphragm on the inner ring of the electrode assembly 13 on the current collecting member 14 is located at the central part 141, while the pole piece and diaphragm on the outer ring of the electrode assembly 13 are located in the current collecting member 14.
  • the projection on the flow member 14 is located at the surrounding part 142.
  • the protrusion 151 abuts against the surrounding part 142 to prevent the surrounding part 142 from warping toward the wall part 11a, thereby preventing the electrode assembly 13 from The pole piece and the diaphragm of the outer ring move toward the wall 11a, avoiding the dislocation of the pole piece, and reducing the risk of short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell.
  • the electrode terminal 12 abuts against the central part 141, and the protrusion 151 can abut against the surrounding part 142, so as to limit and support the surrounding part 142, Limiting the warping of the surrounding portion 142 toward the wall portion 11 a , thereby limiting the misalignment between the pole pieces of the outer ring of the electrode assembly 13 , causing short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell 10 , and improving the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the minimum distance from the protrusion 151 to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 is smaller than the minimum distance from the protrusion 151 to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal 12 . distance.
  • the minimum distance from the protrusion 151 to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 is smaller than the minimum distance from the protrusion 151 to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal 12 means that the minimum distance from the same protrusion 151 to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 The distance is smaller than its minimum distance to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the minimum distance from the protrusion 151 to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 is smaller than the minimum distance from the protrusion 151 to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal 12 distance.
  • the protrusion 151 is arranged closer to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14, and closer to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal 12. Far, so that the protrusion 151 can limit and support the pole piece farther away from the electrode terminal 12, that is, the pole piece of the outer ring, which reduces the probability of misalignment of the pole piece of the outer ring and prevents the pole piece of the outer ring from being dislocated.
  • the misalignment of the pole piece leads to short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell 10 , which improves the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of an angle A of some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protrusion 151 If the protrusion 151 abuts against the current collecting member 14, during the process of installing the electrode assembly 13 into the case, the protrusion 151 will generate a force on the current collecting member 14 and the electrode assembly 13 to move away from the wall portion 11a along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 13. , increasing the difficulty of installing the electrode assembly 13 into the case, and reducing the production efficiency of the battery cell 10 .
  • the protrusion 151 abuts with the current collecting member 14, when the dimension of the protrusion 151 along the thickness direction of the wall portion 11a is too large, the abutment between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14 may cause the current collection A gap appears between the member 14 and the electrode terminal 12 , thereby affecting the stability of the electrical connection between the current collecting member 14 and the electrode terminal 12 . Therefore, there may be a certain gap between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14, so as to eliminate the influence of the protrusion 151 caused by manufacturing errors and other factors.
  • the electrode terminal 12 needs to be in contact with the current collecting member 14 to realize electrical connection, by providing a certain gap between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14, it is possible to avoid the impact of the protrusion 151 on the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14.
  • the connection between the current collecting members 14 causes interference, ensuring the stability of the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting members 14 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the first insulating member forming an annular protrusion in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of forming multiple protrusions in the first insulating member of some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protrusion 151 is an annular protrusion 151 arranged around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12, or the number of protrusions 151 is multiple, and the plurality of protrusions 151 surround the central axis of the electrode terminal 12 interval distribution.
  • the protrusion 151 is an annular protrusion 151 disposed around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the annular protrusion 151 is not limited to a circular ring, and the annular protrusion 151 can also be oval, square, polygonal, etc., as long as the annular protrusion 151 forms a closed ring around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the plurality of protrusions 151 are distributed around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12 at intervals.
  • the plurality of protrusions 151 are distributed at intervals around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12, and may be distributed at intervals around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12 at the same circumference, or may be that the plurality of protrusions 151 surround the electrode terminal 12
  • the central axes are located at different circumferential intervals.
  • a part of the plurality of protrusions 151 is distributed at intervals around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12 on the first circumference, and another part of the plurality of protrusions 151 is distributed at intervals on the second circumference around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12.
  • the first circumference The diameter of the second circle is different from that of the second circle, and the number of protrusions 151 on the first circle and the number of protrusions 151 on the second circle can be the same or different.
  • the shape of the protrusions 151 may be a cylinder, a prism, a sector, a sector ring, and the like.
  • the present application does not limit the specific shape and quantity of the protrusions 151, as long as the protrusions 151 can provide the pole piece and diaphragm of the current collecting member 14 and the electrode assembly 13 along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 13. The force is enough to prevent the misalignment of the pole piece.
  • the projected area of the protrusions 151 away from the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14 is larger, and the protrusion 151 close to the electrode terminal 12 has a larger projected area.
  • the projected area on the current collecting member 14 is small. Since the electrode terminal 12 can support the pole piece of the electrode assembly 13 close to the electrode terminal 12 , but cannot support the pole piece of the electrode assembly 13 far away from the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the projected area of 151 on the current collecting member 14 is set relatively large so as to stably support the pole piece away from the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the protrusions 151 away from the electrode terminals 12 are relatively dense, and the protrusions 151 close to the electrode terminals 12 are relatively sparse.
  • the electrode terminal 12 can support the pole piece of the electrode assembly 13 close to the electrode terminal 12 , but cannot support the pole piece of the electrode assembly 13 far away from the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the protrusion away from the electrode terminal 12 can be 151 are arranged densely so as to stably support the pole piece away from the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the annular protrusion 151 in the embodiment where the protrusion 151 is an annular protrusion 151 arranged around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12, the annular protrusion 151 can limit the pole piece and the diaphragm on the outer ring of the electrode assembly 13.
  • the supporting effect is relatively uniform, and it is not easy to have the problem of dislocation of the pole piece at a local position.
  • the form of the plurality of protrusions 151 distributed at intervals around the central axis of the electrode terminal 12 reduces the first
  • the material of the insulating member 15 reduces the difficulty of forming the first insulating member 15 .
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the insulating film covering the outer peripheral surface of the first tab and the main body of some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of the B viewing angle of some embodiments of the present application
  • the battery cell 10 further includes an insulating film 16 , the insulating film 16 covers the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 and the main body 132 , and extends between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14 .
  • both the outer peripheral surfaces of the first tab 131 and the main body 132 need to be insulated from the casing 11 . Therefore, the insulating film 16 is provided to cover the outer peripheral surfaces of the first tab 131 and the main body 132 , so as to realize insulation isolation between the outer peripheral surfaces of the first tab 131 and the main body 132 and the housing 11 .
  • the first insulator 15 is not in contact with the current collecting member 14, and only the first insulating member 15 is used.
  • Part 15 has a poor insulating effect on the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a, and there is still a risk of short circuit between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a. short circuit.
  • the insulating film 16 can be extended to between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14, so that The insulating film 16 can cover the current collecting member 14, which improves the insulating effect between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a.
  • the insulating film 16 when the insulating film 16 extends between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14, if there is a gap between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14 along the thickness direction of the wall portion 11a, the insulating film 16 can fill the gap. , and the protrusion 151 can abut against the insulating film 16, that is, the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14 can clamp and press the insulating film 16, so as to prevent the insulating film 16 from being disturbed by external factors and causing movement, so that The insulating film 16 can stably cover the current collecting member 14 , the first tab 131 and the main body 132 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 and the main body 132 is covered by the insulating film 16, which plays an insulating role between the first tab 131 and the main body 132 and the casing 11, and reduces the pressure of the first tab 131.
  • 131 and the main body 132 are short-circuited with the casing 11 , thereby reducing the risk of short-circuiting the battery cell 10 and improving the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the insulating film 16 extends to between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14, so that the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14 can clamp and press the insulating film 16, prevent the insulating film 16 from moving, and improve the insulation film 16 package. Covering the stability of the current collecting member 14 , the first tab 131 and the main body 132 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell 10 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the housing 11 includes a housing 111 and an end cover 112, the housing 111 includes a bottom wall 1111 and a side wall 1112, the side wall 1112 is surrounded by the bottom wall 1111, and one end of the side wall 1112 is connected to The bottom wall 1111 is connected, the other end of the side wall 1112 encloses an opening opposite to the bottom wall 1111 , the end cover 112 covers the opening, and the wall 11 a is the bottom wall 1111 or the end cover 112 .
  • the bottom wall 1111 and the side wall 1112 can be integrally formed, or the bottom wall 1111 and the side wall 1112 can also be arranged separately and connected by means of welding or clipping.
  • the side wall 1112 may be columnar, such as a cylinder or a prism.
  • the other end of the side wall 1112 relative to the bottom wall 1111 encloses an opening, and the current collecting member 14 and the electrode assembly 13 can be installed into the casing 111 through the opening.
  • the opening is covered by the end cap 112 to seal the opening.
  • electrolyte solution needs to be filled in the housing 11, and when the end cap 112 covers the opening, a seal, such as a sealing ring or a gasket, can be provided between the end cap 112 and the side wall 1112 to improve the sealing of the end cap 112 covering the opening. properties, preventing the electrolyte from leaking from the casing 11.
  • the wall portion 11 a is the bottom wall 1111 or the end cover 112 : one case is that the wall portion 11 a is the bottom wall 1111 ; the other case is that the wall portion 11 a is the end cover 112 .
  • the wall portion 11 a is the bottom wall 1111
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 is located between the bottom wall 1111 and the current collecting member 14 .
  • the wall part 11 a is the end cap 112
  • the current collecting member 14 faces the end cap 112
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 is located between the end cap 112 and the current collecting member 14 .
  • the bottom wall 1111 and the side wall 1112 define a space for accommodating the electrode assembly 13, electrolyte and other structures, and the opening surrounded by the side wall 1112 is covered by the end cover 112, ensuring the sealing of the casing 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 13 further includes a second tab 133 formed at an end of the main body 132 away from the wall portion 11 a , and the second tab 133 is connected to the first tab 133 .
  • One tab 131 is opposite in polarity, and the second tab 133 is electrically connected to the wall portion 11a.
  • the first tab 131 is located at one end of the electrode assembly 13 facing the wall 11a
  • the second tab 133 is located at the end of the electrode assembly 13 away from the wall 11a, that is, the first tab 131 and the second pole.
  • Ears 133 are respectively formed at both ends of the main body 132 of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the polarity of the first tab 131 is opposite to that of the second tab 133.
  • the first tab 131 is the positive tab of the electrode assembly 13, which is composed of a part of the positive pole piece that does not have an active material, and is connected to the current collecting member 14 and the current collecting member 13.
  • the electrode terminal 12 is electrically connected
  • the second tab 133 is the negative tab of the electrode assembly 13, which is composed of a part of the negative tab that does not have active material, and is electrically connected to the casing 11 and the wall 11a.
  • first tab 131 and the second tab 133 are located at both ends of the electrode assembly 13, and there is better insulation between the first tab 131 and the second tab 133, reducing the battery cell 10.
  • the risk of short circuit improves the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, which includes the battery cell 10 described above. Because in the battery cell 10, the protrusion 151 is formed on the side of the first insulator 15 facing the current collecting member 14, so as to be able to support the pole piece of the electrode assembly 13, the process of putting the electrode assembly 13 into the shell is reduced. The probability of misalignment of the pole piece reduces the risk of short circuit and thermal runaway in the battery cell 10 , thereby improving the safety of the battery 100 .
  • the present application also provides an electric device, the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery 100, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing the battery cell 10 .
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell 10 is as follows:
  • the casing 11 includes a wall portion 11a, and the electrode terminal 12 is insulated and installed on the wall portion 11a;
  • the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131, the first tab 131 is formed at an end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11a;
  • the above-mentioned manufacturing method of the battery cell 10 is only used as a schematic illustration of the manufacturing process of the battery cell 10 , and does not represent a specific sequence in the manufacturing process of the battery cell 10 . During the manufacturing process, a specific process flow can be formulated according to the actual situation.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of manufacturing equipment for battery cells according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application also provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000, the battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000 includes a first providing device 2100, a second providing device 2200, a third providing device 2300, a fourth providing device 2400, a first Assembly device 2500 , second assembly device 2600 , third assembly device 2700 and fourth assembly device 2800 .
  • the first providing device 2100 is used to provide the casing 11 and the electrode terminal 12, the casing 11 includes a wall portion 11a, and the electrode terminal 12 is insulated and installed on the wall portion 11a.
  • the second providing device 2200 is used for providing the electrode assembly 13.
  • the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131, and the first tab 131 is formed at an end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11a.
  • the third providing device 2300 is used for providing the current collecting member 14 .
  • the fourth providing device 2400 is used to provide the first insulator 15.
  • a protrusion 151 is formed on the side of the first insulator 15 facing the current collecting member 14. Along the thickness direction of the wall portion 11a, the protrusion 151 is formed on the current collecting member.
  • the projection on 14 does not overlap with the projection of the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14 .
  • the first assembly device 2500 is used for connecting the current collecting member 14 to the first tab 131 .
  • the second assembling device 2600 is used for disposing the first insulating member 15 on the wall portion 11a, and making the protrusion 151 away from the wall portion 11a.
  • the third assembly device 2700 is used to put the electrode assembly 13 and the current collecting member 14 into the casing 11 .
  • the fourth assembly device 2800 is used for connecting the current collecting member 14 to the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 10 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a case 11 , an electrode terminal 12 , an electrode assembly 13 , a current collecting member 14 and a first insulator 15 .
  • the housing 11 includes a wall portion 11a, and the electrode terminal 12 is insulated from the wall portion 11a.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is disposed in the casing 11 , and the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131 , and the first tab 131 is formed at an end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11 a.
  • the current collecting member 14 is disposed between the electrode assembly 13 and the wall portion 11 a, and the current collecting member 14 is used to connect the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the first insulator 15 is disposed between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a for insulating the current collecting member 14 from the wall portion 11a.
  • a protrusion 151 is formed on the side of the first insulator 15 facing the current collecting member 14.
  • the projection of the protrusion 151 on the current collecting member 14 is the same as that of the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14. The projections on do not overlap.
  • the projection of the protrusion 151 on the current collecting member 14 is located at the peripheral portion 142, and the projection of the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14 is located at the central portion 141.
  • the minimum distance between the protrusion 151 and the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 is less than The minimum distance between the starting point 151 and the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal 12.
  • the outer peripheral surfaces of the first tab 131 and the main body 132 of the electrode assembly 13 are covered by an insulating film 16 , and the insulating film extends between the protrusion 151 and the current collecting member 14 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备，涉及电池领域。本申请提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括：外壳，包括壁部；电极端子，绝缘安装于壁部；电极组件，设置于外壳内，电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，第一极耳形成于主体的靠近壁部的一端；集流构件，设置于电极组件和壁部之间，集流构件用于连接第一极耳和电极端子；热缩膜，热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于集流构件的朝向壁部的一侧，以绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部。本申请的电池单体具有较高的安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备。该电池单体具有较高的安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括外壳，包括壁部；电极端子，绝缘安装于所述壁部；电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；集流构件，设置于所述第一极耳和所述壁部之间，用于连接所述第一极耳和所述电极端子；第一绝缘件，设置于所述集流构件和所述壁部之间，用于绝缘隔离所述集流构件和所述壁部；其中，所述第一绝缘件的朝向所述集流构件的一侧形成有凸起，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影与所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影不重叠。
本申请的电池单体，通过在第一绝缘件的朝向集流构件的一侧形成凸起，在将电极组件装入外壳的过程中，凸起能够限制集流构件朝向壁部翘曲，从而限制电极组件朝向壁部变形，防止电极组件的极片之间发生错位而导致电池单体内短路及热失控，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述集流构件包括中央部和周围部，所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影位于所述中央部，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影位于所述周围部。
在上述方案中，在将电极组件装入外壳的过程中，电极端子与中央部抵接，凸起能够与周围部抵接，以对周围部进行限位和支撑，限制周围部朝向壁部翘曲，从而限制电极组件的外圈的极片之间发生错位而导致电池单体内短路及热失控，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，沿所述电极端子的径向，所述凸起到所述集流构件的外周面的最小距离小于所述凸起到所述电极端子的外周面的最小距离。
在上述方案中，由于电极组件的外圈的极片发生错位的概率高且错位量大，将凸起设置为距集流构件的外周面较近，而距电极端子的外周面较远，使得凸起能够对距电极端子较远的极片，也即外圈的极片，进行限位和支撑，降低了外圈的极片发生错位的概率，防止因外圈的极片错位而导致电池单体内短路及热失控，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述凸起与所述集流构件之间沿所述壁部的厚度方向具有间隙。
在上述方案中，由于电极端子需要与集流构件抵接以实现电连接，通过在凸起与集流构件之间设置有一定的间隙，可以避免凸起对电极端子与集流构件之间的连接造成干涉，保证了电极端子与集流构件之间电连接的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述凸起为围绕所述电极端子的中心轴线设置的环形凸起；或，所述凸起的数量为多个，多个所述凸起围绕所述电极端子的中心轴线间隔分布。
在上述方案中，环形的凸起对电极组件的外圈的极片和隔膜起到的限位和支撑作用较为均匀，不易在局部位置出现极片错位的问题。多个凸起围绕电极端子的中心轴线间隔分布的形式，减少了第一绝缘件的材料，降低了第一绝缘件成型的难度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池单体还包括绝缘膜，所述绝缘膜包覆于所述第一极耳和所述主体的外周面且延伸至所述凸起和所述集流构件之间。
在上述方案中，通过绝缘膜包覆第一极耳和主体的外周面，绝缘膜对第一极耳和主体与外壳之间起到了绝缘隔离的作用，降低了第一极耳和主体与外壳短路的概率，进而降低了电池单体短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性。同时，绝缘膜延伸至凸起与集流构件之间，使得凸起与集流构件能够压紧绝缘膜，防止绝缘膜窜动，提高了绝缘膜包覆于集流构件、第一极耳和主体的稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述外壳包括外壳和端盖，所述外壳包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，所述侧壁的另一端围成与所述底壁相对的开口，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述壁部为所述底壁或所述端盖。
在上述方案中，底壁和侧壁限定出容纳电极组件、电解液及其他结构的空间，并通过端盖覆盖侧壁围成的开口，保证了外壳的密封性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电极组件还包括第二极耳，所述第二极耳形成于所述主体的远离所述壁部的一端，所述第二极耳与所述第一极耳极性相反，所述第二极耳与所述壁部电连接。
在上述方案中，第一极耳与第二极耳位于电极组件的两端，第一极耳与第二极耳之间具有较好的绝缘性，降低了电池单体短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括上述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括上述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括提供外壳和电极端 子，所述外壳包括壁部，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壁部；提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；提供集流构件；提供第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件的朝向所述集流构件的一侧形成有凸起，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影与所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影不重叠；将所述集流构件连接于所述第一极耳，将所述第一绝缘件设置于所述壁部，并使所述凸起背离所述壁部，将所述电极组件放入所述外壳，将所述集流构件连接于所述电极端子。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造设备，包括第一提供装置，用于提供外壳和电极端子，所述外壳包括壁部，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壁部；第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；第三提供装置，用于提供集流构件；第四提供装置，用于提供第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件的朝向所述集流构件的一侧形成有凸起，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影与所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影不重叠；组装装置，用于将所述集流构件连接于所述第一极耳，将所述第一绝缘件设置于所述壁部，并使所述凸起背离所述壁部，将所述电极组件放入所述外壳，将所述集流构件连接于所述电极端子。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供车辆的示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的A处的局部放大图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的第一绝缘件形成环形凸起的示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的第一绝缘件形成多个凸起的示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的绝缘膜包覆第一极耳和主体的外周面的示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例提供的B处的局部放大图；
图10为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图11为本申请四实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的示意图；
图12为本申请五实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：10-电池单体；11-外壳；11a-壁部；111-壳体；1111-底壁；1112-侧壁；112-端盖；12-电极端子；13-电极组件；131-第一极耳；132-主体；133-第二极耳；14-集流构件；141-中央部；142-周围部；15-第一绝缘件；151-凸起；16-绝缘膜； 17-第二绝缘件；20-箱体；21-第一子箱体；22-第二子箱体；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；2000-电池单体的制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第三提供装置；2400-第四提供装置；2500-第一组装装置；2600-第二组装装置；2700-第三组装装置；2800-第四组装装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，所提及的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提及的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为PP(Polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(Polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应 用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本发明人注意到，将电极组件装入外壳的过程中，需要沿电极组件的轴向对电极组件施加作用力，以使集流构件(连接于电极组件的一端)抵接于电极端子。由于集流构件及电极组件的直径大于电极端子的直径，电极端子仅能在与其抵接的部位对集流构件及电极组件起到限位和支撑作用，而集流构件和电极组件的其余部分则无法得到有效地限位和支撑。
对于卷绕式电极组件而言，由于电极端子无法对电极组件的外圈的极片和隔膜(极片与隔膜在集流构件上的投影与电极端子在集流构件上的投影不重叠的部分)进行限位和支撑，因此，在将电极组件装入外壳时，会出现集流构件翘曲，导致外圈的极片发生错位。极片错位会造成电池单体内短路并引发热失控，存在极大的安全隐患，严重影响电池的安全。
基于上述考虑，为了降低电极组件安装入壳过程中出现极片错位的概率，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，该电池单体包括外壳，外壳包括壁部(位于外壳的一端)，在集流构件和壁部之间设置第一绝缘件，且第一绝缘件的朝向集流构件的一侧形成有凸起，沿壁部的厚度方向，凸起在集流构件上的投影与电极端子在集流构件上的投影不重叠。
在这样的电池单体中，通过在第一绝缘件的朝向集流构件的一侧形成凸起，在将电极组件装入外壳的过程中，凸起能够一定程度上限制集流构件朝向壁部翘曲，从而限制电极组件朝向壁部变形，防止电极组件的极片之间发生错位而导致电池单体内短路及热失控，提高了电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请实施例的一种用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动 动力。
如图2所示，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构示意图。电池100包括箱体20和电池单体10，电池单体10容纳于箱体20内。其中，箱体20用于为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体20可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22，第一子箱体21与第二子箱体22相互盖合，第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22共同限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第二子箱体22可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一子箱体21可以为板状结构，第一子箱体21盖合于第二子箱体22的开口侧，以使第一子箱体21与第二子箱体22共同限定出容纳空间；第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一子箱体21的开口侧盖合于第二子箱体22的开口侧。当然，第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22形成的箱体20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体10之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体20内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体10之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体10可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体10可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
如图3所示，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图。电池单体10是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3所示，电池单体10包括有外壳11、电极组件13以及其他的功能性部件。
外壳11是用于形成电池单体10的内部环境的组件，其中，外壳11形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件13、电解液以及其他部件。外壳11可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如圆柱体形、长方体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，外壳11的形状可以根据电极组件13的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。外壳11的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
电极组件13是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。外壳11内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件13。电极组件13主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片与负极极片之间设有隔膜。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件13的主体132，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体132部的一端或是分别位于主体132部的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子12以形成电流回路。
如图3所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体10，该电池单体10包括外壳11、电极端子12、电极组件13、集流构件14及第一绝缘件15。
如图4所示，图4为本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的剖视图。外壳11包括壁部11a，电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a。电极组件13设置于外壳11内，电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端。集流构件14设置于电极组件13和壁部11a之间，集流构件14用于连接第一极耳131和电极端子12。第一绝缘件15设置于集流构件14和壁部11a之间，用于绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a。其中，第一绝缘件15的朝向集流构件14的一侧形成有凸起151，沿壁部11a的厚度方向，凸起151在集流构件14上的投影与电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影不重叠。
为了降低电池单体10内短路的风险，电池单体10内极性不同的部件之间应当绝缘隔离，例如，电极端子12与壁部11a之间、集流构件14与壁部11a之间、以及第一极耳131与外壳11之间均应当绝缘隔离。
如图4所示，在集流构件14和壁部11a之间设置第一绝缘件15，以绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a。
电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a可以理解为，电极端子12和壁部11a之间同样设置有绝缘结构，以绝缘隔离电极端子12和壁部11a。
例如，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一绝缘件15可以延伸至电极端子12与壁部11a之间，以绝缘隔离电极端子12和壁部11a。
又例如，如图4所示，在本申请的另一些实施例中，电池单体10还可以包括第二绝缘件17，第二绝缘件17设置于电极端子12和壁部11a之间，以绝缘隔离电极端子12和壁部11a，而第一绝缘件15设置于集流构件14和壁部11a之间，以绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a。
在电池单体10还可以包括第二绝缘件17的实施例中，第一绝缘件15和第二绝缘件17可以一体成型，该种设置方式，减少了零部件的数量，使电池单体10的结构紧凑，且便于第一绝缘件15和第二绝缘件17的安装定位，简化了电池单体10组装过程，提高了电池单体10的生产效率。在本申请的另一些实施例中，第一绝缘件15和第二绝缘件17还可以分体设置。
第一绝缘件15和第二绝缘件17的材质可以为塑料，例如PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride，聚氯乙烯)、PP(Polypropylene，聚丙烯)等，或者，第一绝缘件15的材质还可以为橡胶，例如丁基橡胶、丁苯橡胶、硅橡胶等。
电极组件13还包括第二极耳133，第二极耳133与第一极耳131的极性相反。电极组件13由极片和隔膜卷绕而成。具体的，极片包括正极极片和负极极片，正极极片和负极极片之间通过隔膜进行隔离。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成主体132，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分分别用于构成正极极耳和负极极耳。例如，第一极耳131可以为正极极耳，由正极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成；第二极耳可以为负极极耳，由负极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成。或者，第一极耳131可以为负极极耳，由负极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成；第二极耳可以为正极极耳，由正极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成。
集流构件14用于连接第一极耳131和电极端子12是指，第一极耳131和电极 端子12均与集流构件14连接，并通过集流构件14实现第一极耳131与电极端子12之间的电连接。
进一步的，凸起151在集流构件14上的投影与电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影不重叠，是指凸起151与电极端子12位置错开。
本申请的电池单体10，通过在第一绝缘件15的朝向集流构件14的一侧形成凸起151，在将电极组件13装入外壳的过程中，凸起151能够限制集流构件14朝向壁部11a翘曲，从而限制电极组件13朝向壁部11a变形，防止电极组件13的极片之间发生错位而导致电池单体10内短路及热失控，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
同时，第一绝缘件15还实现了集流构件14与壁部11a之间的绝缘隔离，同一第一绝缘件15实现了不同功能，减少了零部件的数量，使得电池单体10的结构紧凑。
如图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，集流构件14包括中央部141和周围部142，电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影位于中央部141，凸起151在集流构件14上的投影位于周围部142。
如图4所示，周围部142围绕中央部141设置。以电极组件13为卷绕式结构为例，电极组件13的内圈的极片和隔膜在集流构件14上的投影位于中央部141，而电极组件13的外圈的极片和隔膜在集流构件14上的投影位于周围部142，当电极组件13装入外壳11内时，通过凸起151对周围部142抵接，防止周围部142朝向壁部11a翘曲，进而防止电极组件13的外圈的极片和隔膜朝向壁部11a移动，避免了极片错位，降低了电池单体内短路及热失控的风险。
该种设置方式，在将电极组件13装入外壳11的过程中，电极端子12与中央部141抵接，凸起151能够与周围部142抵接，以对周围部142进行限位和支撑，限制周围部142朝向壁部11a翘曲，从而限制电极组件13的外圈的极片之间发生错位而导致电池单体10内短路及热失控，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
如图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，沿电极端子12的径向，凸起151到集流构件14的外周面的最小距离小于凸起151到电极端子12的外周面的最小距离。
需要说明的是，凸起151到集流构件14的外周面的最小距离小于凸起151到电极端子12的外周面的最小距离是指，同一凸起151到集流构件14的外周面的最小距离小于其到电极端子12的外周面的最小距离。在确定第一绝缘件15形成凸起151的位置以及凸起151的形状后，该凸起151到集流构件14的外周面的最小距离小于该凸起151到电极端子12的外周面的最小距离。
该种设置方式，由于电极组件13的外圈的极片发生错位的概率高且错位量大，将凸起151设置为距集流构件14的外周面较近，而距电极端子12的外周面较远，使得凸起151能够对距电极端子12较远的极片，也即外圈的极片，进行限位和支撑，降低了外圈的极片发生错位的概率，防止因外圈的极片错位而导致电池单体10内短路及热失控，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
如图5所示，图5为本申请的一些实施例的A视角局部放大图。在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起151到集流构件14之间沿壁部11a的厚度方向具有间隙。
若凸起151与集流构件14抵接，在电极组件13安装入壳的过程中，凸起151会对集流构件14及电极组件13产生沿电极组件13的轴向背离壁部11a的力，增加了电极组件13安装入壳的难度，降低了电池单体10的生产效率。
进一步的，若凸起151与集流构件14之间抵接，当凸起151的沿壁部11a的厚度方向的尺寸过大时，凸起151与集流构件14抵接可能会造成集流构件14与电极端子12之间出现间隙，进而影响集流构件14与电极端子12之间电连接的稳定性。因此，凸起151与集流构件14之间可以具有一定的间隙，以消除凸起151因生产制造误差等因素而导致的影响。
该种设置方式，由于电极端子12需要与集流构件14抵接以实现电连接，通过在凸起151与集流构件14之间设置有一定的间隙，可以避免凸起151对电极端子12与集流构件14之间的连接造成干涉，保证了电极端子12与集流构件14之间电连接的稳定性。
如图6和图7所示，图6为本申请一些实施例的第一绝缘件形成环形凸起的示意图，图7为本申请一些实施例的第一绝缘件形成多个凸起的示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起151为围绕电极端子12的中心轴线设置的环形凸起151，或，凸起151的数量为多个，多个凸起151围绕电极端子12的中心轴线间隔分布。
如图6所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起151为围绕电极端子12的中心轴线设置的环形凸起151。其中，环形凸起151并不局限于圆环，环形凸起151还可以呈椭圆形、方形、多边形等，只要环形凸起151构成绕电极端子12的中心轴线环绕的闭合环形即可。
如图7所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起151的数量为多个，多个凸起151围绕电极端子12的中心轴线间隔分布。其中，多个凸起151围绕电极端子12的中心轴线间隔分布，可以是多个凸起151围绕电极端子12的中心轴线位于同一圆周间隔分布，也可以是，多个凸起151围绕电极端子12的中心轴线位于不同圆周间隔分布。如，多个凸起151中的一部分围绕电极端子12的中心轴线间隔分布于第一圆周，多个凸起151中的另一部分围绕电极端子12的中心轴线间隔分布于第二圆周，第一圆周的直径与第二圆周的直径不同，且位于第一圆周的凸起151的数量与位于第二圆周的凸起151的数量可以相同，也可以不同。
当凸起151的数量为多个时，凸起151的形状可以为圆柱形、棱柱形、扇形、扇环等。
需要说明的是，本申请对凸起151的具体形状和数量并不做限制，只要凸起151的设置能够对集流构件14及电极组件13的极片和隔膜提供沿电极组件13的轴向的力，以防止极片错位即可。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起151设置有多个时，远离电极端子12的凸起151在集流构件14上的投影面积较大，靠近电极端子12的凸起151在集流构件14上的投影面积较小。由于电极端子12能够对靠近电极端子12的电极组件13的极片起到一定的支撑作用，而无法对远离电极端子12的电极组件13的极片起到支撑作用。因此，需要对远离电极端子12的电极组件13的极片提供更多的支撑力，以防 止远离电极端子12的电极组件13的极片发生错位，对应的，可以将远离电极端子12的凸起151在集流构件14上的投影面积设置的较大，以能够对远离电极端子12的极片起到稳定地支撑作用。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起151设置有多个时，远离电极端子12的凸起151较为密集，靠近电极端子12的凸起151较为稀疏。同理的，由于电极端子12能够对靠近电极端子12的电极组件13的极片起到一定的支撑作用，而无法对远离电极端子12的电极组件13的极片起到支撑作用。因此，需要对远离电极端子12的电极组件13的极片提供更多的支撑力，以防止远离电极端子12的电极组件13的极片发生错位，对应的，可以将远离电极端子12的凸起151设置的较为密集，以能够对远离电极端子12的极片起到稳定地支撑作用。
该种设置方式，在凸起151为围绕电极端子12的中心轴线设置的环形凸起151的实施例中，环形的凸起151对电极组件13的外圈的极片和隔膜起到的限位和支撑作用较为均匀，不易在局部位置出现极片错位的问题。在凸起151的数量为多个，多个凸起151围绕电极端子12的中心轴线间隔分布的实施例中，多个凸起151围绕电极端子12的中心轴线间隔分布的形式，减少了第一绝缘件15的材料，降低了第一绝缘件15成型的难度。
如图8和图9所示，图8为本申请的一些实施例的绝缘膜包覆第一极耳和主体的外周面的示意图，图9为本申请的一些实施例的B视角局部放大图。在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体10还包括绝缘膜16，绝缘膜16包覆于第一极耳131和主体132的外周面，且延伸至凸起151和集流构件14之间。
为了进一步降低电池单体10的短路风险，第一极耳131及主体132的外周面均需要与外壳11进行绝缘隔离。因此，设置绝缘膜16包覆第一极耳131和主体132的外周面，以实现第一极耳131和主体132的外周面与外壳11之间的绝缘隔离。
如图9所示，在凸起151与集流构件14之间沿壁部11a的厚度方向具有间隙的实施例中，第一绝缘件15并未与集流构件14接触，仅使用第一绝缘件15对集流构件14和壁部11a进行绝缘隔离效果较差，集流构件14与壁部11a之间仍存在短路的风险，例如，集流构件14的外周面与壁部11a之间可能短路。为了进一步提高集流构件14与壁部11a之间绝缘隔离的效果，防止集流构件14与壁部11a之间短路，可以将绝缘膜16延伸至凸起151与集流构件14之间，使得绝缘膜16能够包覆于集流构件14，提高了集流构件14与壁部11a之间的绝缘隔离效果。
如图9所示，当绝缘膜16延伸至凸起151和集流构件14之间时，如果凸起151与集流构件14沿壁部11a的厚度方向具有间隙，绝缘膜16可以填充该间隙，并且凸起151可以抵接于绝缘膜16，也即，凸起151和集流构件14能够夹持并压紧绝缘膜16，以防止绝缘膜16受到外界因素的干扰而发生窜动，使得绝缘膜16能够稳定地包覆集流构件14、第一极耳131和主体132。
该种设置方式，通过绝缘膜16包覆第一极耳131和主体132的外周面，对第一极耳131和主体132与外壳11之间起到了绝缘隔离的作用，降低了第一极耳131和主体132与外壳11短路的概率，进而降低了电池单体10短路的风险，提高了电池单 体10的安全性。同时，绝缘膜16延伸至凸起151与集流构件14之间，使得凸起151与集流构件14能够夹持并压紧绝缘膜16，防止绝缘膜16窜动，提高了绝缘膜16包覆于集流构件14、第一极耳131和主体132的稳定性。
如图10所示，图10为本申请的一些实施例的电池单体10的示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳11包括壳体111和端盖112，壳体111包括底壁1111和侧壁1112，侧壁1112围设在底壁1111的周围，侧壁1112的一端与底壁1111连接，侧壁1112的另一端围成与底壁1111相对的开口，端盖112覆盖开口，壁部11a为底壁1111或端盖112。
其中，底壁1111和侧壁1112可以一体成型，或者，底壁1111和侧壁1112也可以分体设置并通过焊接、卡接等方式进行连接。具体的，侧壁1112可以呈柱状，例如圆柱或棱柱。
侧壁1112相对于底壁1111的另一端围成开口，集流构件14及电极组件13能够从开口安装进入壳体111。将电极组件13装入壳体111后，通过端盖112覆盖开口，以对开口进行封闭。进一步的，外壳11内需要加注电解液，端盖112覆盖开口时，可以在端盖112与侧壁1112之间设置密封件，例如密封圈或密封垫，以提高端盖112覆盖开口的密封性，防止电解液从外壳11中泄漏。
壁部11a为底壁1111或端盖112包括两种情况：一种情况为，壁部11a为底壁1111；另一种情况为，壁部11a为端盖112。在壁部11a为底壁1111的实施例中，将电极组件13装入壳体111后，集流构件14朝向底壁1111，热缩膜15位于底壁1111与集流构件14之间。在壁部11a为端盖112的实施例中，将电极组件13装入壳体111后，集流构件14朝向端盖112，热缩膜15位于端盖112与集流构件14之间。
该种设置方式，底壁1111和侧壁1112限定出用于容纳电极组件13、电解液及其他结构的空间，并通过端盖112覆盖侧壁1112围成的开口，保证了外壳11的密封性。
如图10所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件13还包括第二极耳133，第二极耳133形成于主体132的远离壁部11a的一端，第二极耳133与第一极耳131极性相反，第二极耳133与壁部11a电连接。
如图10所示，第一极耳131位于电极组件13的朝向壁部11a的一端，第二极耳133位于电极组件13的远离壁部11a的一端，即第一极耳131和第二极耳133分别形成于电极组件13的主体132的两端。
第一极耳131与第二极耳133极性相反，例如第一极耳131为电极组件13的正极极耳，由正极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成，并与集流构件14及电极端子12电连接，第二极耳133为电极组件13的负极极耳，由负极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成，并与外壳11及壁部11a电连接。
该种设置方式，第一极耳131与第二极耳133位于电极组件13的两端，第一极耳131与第二极耳133之间具有较好的绝缘性，降低了电池单体10短路的风险，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电池100，该电池100包括上述的电池单体 10。由于电池单体10中，通过在第一绝缘件15的朝向集流构件14的一侧形成凸起151，以能够对电极组件13的极片起到支撑作用，降低了电极组件13入壳过程中极片错位的概率，降低了电池单体10内短路及热失控的风险，进而提高了电池100的安全性。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置包括上述的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
第四方面，如图11所示，图11为本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的制造方法的示意图。本申请还提供了一种电池单体10的制造方法。具体的，电池单体10的制造方法如下：
S100，提供外壳11和电极端子12，外壳11包括壁部11a，电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a；
S200，提供电极组件13，电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端；
S300，提供集流构件14，将集流构件14连接于第一极耳131；
S400，提供第一绝缘件15，第一绝缘件15的朝向集流构件14的一侧形成有凸起151，沿壁部11a的厚度方向，凸起151在集流构件14上的投影与电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影不重叠；
S500，将第一绝缘件15设置于壁部11a，并使凸起151背离壁部11a；
S600，将电极组件13和集流构件14放入外壳11；
S700，将集流构件14连接于电极端子12。
需要说明的是，上述的电池单体10的制造方法仅是作为电池单体10在生产制造过程的示意，并不表示电池单体10在生产制造过程中的具体顺序，电池单体10在生产制造的过程中，可以根据实际情况制定具体的工艺流程。
第五方面，如图12所示，图12为本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的制造设备的示意。本申请还提供了一种电池单体的制造设备2000，该电池单体的制造设备2000包括第一提供装置2100、第二提供装置2200、第三提供装置2300、第四提供装置2400、第一组装装置2500、第二组装装置2600、第三组装装置2700和第四组装装置2800。
具体的，第一提供装置2100，用于提供外壳11和电极端子12，外壳11包括壁部11a，电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a。第二提供装置2200，用于提供电极组件13，电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端。第三提供装置2300，用于提供集流构件14。第四提供装置2400，用于提供第一绝缘件15，第一绝缘件15的朝向集流构件14的一侧形成有凸起151，沿壁部11a的厚度方向，凸起151在集流构件14上的投影与电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影不重叠。第一组装装置2500，用于将集流构件14连接于第一极耳131。第二组装装置2600，用于将第一绝缘件15设置于壁部11a，并使凸起151背离壁部11a。第三组装装置2700，用于将电极组件13和集流构件14放入外壳11。第四组装装置2800，用于将集流构件14连接于电极端子12。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图3-图9所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体10。该电池单体10包括外壳11、电极端子12、电极组件13、集流构件14及第一绝缘件15。外壳11包括壁部11a，电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a。电极组件13设置于外壳11内，电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端。集流构件14设置于电极组件13和壁部11a之间，集流构件14用于连接第一极耳131和电极端子12。第一绝缘件15设置于集流构件14和壁部11a之间，用于绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a。其中，第一绝缘件15的朝向集流构件14的一侧形成有凸起151，沿壁部11a的厚度方向，凸起151在集流构件14上的投影与电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影不重叠。凸起151在集流构件14上的投影位于周围部142，电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影位于中央部141，同时，凸起151距集流构件14的外周面的最小距离小于凸起151距电极端子12的外周面的最小距离。凸起151与集流构件14之间具有一定的间隙。电极组件13的第一极耳131和主体132的外周面通过绝缘膜16进行包覆，且绝缘膜延伸至凸起151与集流构件14之间。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括壁部；
    电极端子，绝缘安装于所述壁部；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；
    集流构件，设置于所述第一极耳和所述壁部之间，用于连接所述第一极耳和所述电极端子；
    第一绝缘件，设置于所述集流构件和所述壁部之间，用于绝缘隔离所述集流构件和所述壁部；
    其中，所述第一绝缘件的朝向所述集流构件的一侧形成有凸起，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影与所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影不重叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件包括中央部和周围部，所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影位于所述中央部，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影位于所述周围部。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述电极端子的径向，所述凸起到所述集流构件的外周面的最小距离小于所述凸起到所述电极端子的外周面的最小距离。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸起与所述集流构件之间沿所述壁部的厚度方向具有间隙。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸起为围绕所述电极端子的中心轴线设置的环形凸起；
    或，所述凸起的数量为多个，多个所述凸起围绕所述电极端子的中心轴线间隔分布。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括绝缘膜，所述绝缘膜包覆于所述第一极耳和所述主体的外周面且延伸至所述凸起和所述集流构件之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，所述侧壁的另一端围成与所述底壁相对的开口，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述壁部为所述底壁或所述端盖。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件还包括第二极耳，所述第二极耳形成于所述主体的远离所述壁部的一端，所述第二极耳与所述第一极耳极性相反，所述第二极耳与所述壁部电连接。
  9. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池单体。
  10. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求9所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电 能。
  11. 一种电池单体的制造方法，其中，包括：
    提供外壳和电极端子，所述外壳包括壁部，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壁部；
    提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；
    提供集流构件，将所述集流构件连接于所述第一极耳；
    提供第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件的朝向所述集流构件的一侧形成有凸起，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影与所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影不重叠；
    将所述第一绝缘件设置于所述壁部，并使所述凸起背离所述壁部；
    将所述电极组件和所述集流构件放入所述外壳；
    将所述集流构件连接于所述电极端子。
  12. 一种电池单体的制造设备，其中，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供外壳和电极端子，所述外壳包括壁部，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壁部；
    第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；
    第三提供装置，用于提供集流构件；
    第四提供装置，用于提供第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件的朝向所述集流构件的一侧形成有凸起，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述凸起在所述集流构件上的投影与所述电极端子在所述集流构件上的投影不重叠；
    第一组装装置，用于将所述集流构件连接于所述第一极耳；
    第二组装装置，用于将所述第一绝缘件设置于所述壁部，并使所述凸起背离所述壁部；
    第三组装装置，用于将所述电极组件放入所述外壳；
    第四组装装置，用于将所述集流构件连接于所述电极端子。
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