WO2023066006A1 - 一种随机接入方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种随机接入方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023066006A1
WO2023066006A1 PCT/CN2022/122671 CN2022122671W WO2023066006A1 WO 2023066006 A1 WO2023066006 A1 WO 2023066006A1 CN 2022122671 W CN2022122671 W CN 2022122671W WO 2023066006 A1 WO2023066006 A1 WO 2023066006A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
random access
frequency domain
frequency
access opportunity
ssb
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/122671
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李娇娇
常俊仁
刘南南
刘江华
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP22882617.8A priority Critical patent/EP4387367A4/en
Publication of WO2023066006A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023066006A1/zh
Priority to US18/606,508 priority patent/US20240224341A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a random access method and device.
  • the network equipment sends the synchronous broadcast signal block (SS/PBCH block, SSB) through beam scanning.
  • the terminal device receives the SSB from the network device, and carries some configuration information in the SSB.
  • the configuration information includes scheduling information of some system information, and the system information can be, for example, system information block 1 (system information block 1, SIB1).
  • SIB1 includes basic configuration parameters for terminal equipment to reside and access cells, such as initial bandwidth part (BWP) configuration information and physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) configuration information. Therefore, the terminal device needs to access the cell according to the SIB1 message.
  • BWP initial bandwidth part
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the configuration parameters of each protocol version or the configuration parameters of new features supported by the version will be added in SIB1.
  • Changes in the protocol will introduce compatibility issues, resulting in inconsistencies in the implementation of terminal devices or networks, or errors in the implementation of terminal devices and networks, which will further cause terminal devices to fail to access the network.
  • the network cycle is long, and the environment of the terminal devices makes it difficult to upgrade the terminal devices, which seriously affects the access performance of the terminal devices.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a random access method and device, which are used to solve the problem that a terminal device cannot access a network due to reasons such as network upgrade.
  • a random access method is provided, and the method may be executed by a terminal device, or may be executed by components of the terminal device.
  • the following description is made by taking the execution subject as a terminal device as an example.
  • the method can be implemented through the following steps: the terminal device receives the synchronous broadcast signal block SSB, the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB, and the terminal device initiates random access based on the random access opportunity, wherein, the random access opportunity
  • the access opportunity includes frequency domain resources determined according to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB, so that when the network is upgraded, the terminal device can also determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity without receiving and decoding SIB1, and Initiate random access and successfully access the network or cell.
  • the interval between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB is a first number of frequency domain units; wherein, the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity includes any of the following Item: the starting position in the frequency domain of the random access opportunity, the end position in the frequency domain of the random access opportunity, or the center frequency of the random access opportunity; the frequency domain position of the SSB includes any of the following: The frequency domain starting position of the SSB, the frequency domain ending position of the SSB, or the center frequency of the SSB.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity on the uplink carrier can be determined through the SSB correspondence on the downlink carrier. At this time, the terminal device does not need any prior information of the uplink carrier.
  • the center frequency of the random access opportunity is equal to the center frequency of the SSB.
  • the uplink carrier bandwidth uplink channel bandwidth
  • the downlink carrier bandwidth downlink channel bandwidth
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity on the uplink carrier can be determined through the SSB correspondence on the downlink carrier. At this time, the terminal device does not need any prior information of the uplink carrier.
  • the random access opportunity is located in the last Y symbols of the first half frame, Y is a positive integer, and the The first field is the field where the SSB is located, or the first field is the Nth field after the field where the SSB is located, where N is a positive integer. Since the random access opportunity is an uplink resource and the SSB resource is a downlink resource, by designing the random access opportunity to be located in the last Y symbols of the first half frame, it can be ensured that the random access opportunity and the SSB resource do not overlap in the time domain.
  • both the method 1 and the method 2 can be applied in a time division duplex (time division duplex, TDD) duplex mode, that is, the duplex mode of the frequency band where the SSB and the random access opportunity are located is TDD.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • Mode 3 The center frequency of the random access opportunity is determined according to the center frequency of the SSB and a preset frequency interval. For example, the difference between the center frequency of the random access opportunity and the center frequency of the SSB is the preset frequency interval.
  • mode three can be applicable to the duplex mode of frequency division duplex (frequency division duplex, FDD), that is, the duplex mode of the frequency band where the SSB random access opportunity is located is FDD, and the frequency band where the SSB random access opportunity is located
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • the uplink channel bandwidth is equal to the downlink channel bandwidth.
  • the difference between the center frequency of the random access opportunity and the center frequency of the SSB is the carrier center frequency interval from the transmit end (TX) channel to the receive end (RX) channel , since the bandwidth of the uplink channel is equal to the bandwidth of the downlink channel, it can be ensured that the center frequency of the random access opportunity is within the range of the uplink carrier.
  • the terminal device determines one or two of the two preset frequency intervals corresponding to n24 according to the prior information, and The central frequency of the random access opportunity is determined by setting a frequency interval.
  • the random access opportunity includes a second number of frequency domain units in the frequency domain.
  • the subcarrier spacing of the random access opportunity is the subcarrier spacing of the SSB; or, the subcarrier spacing of the random access opportunity is the master information block (master information block) corresponding to the SSB block, MIB) indicates the subcarrier spacing.
  • the time domain period of the random access opportunity is determined according to the initial access period of the SSB.
  • a random access method is provided, and the method may be executed by a terminal device, or may be executed by components of the terminal device.
  • the following description is made by taking the execution subject as a terminal device as an example.
  • the method may be implemented through the following steps: the terminal device determines a frequency domain position of a random access opportunity, the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is within a first frequency range, and the starting position of the first frequency range is 1457 MHz, The termination position of the first frequency range is 1492 MHz; the terminal device initiates random access based on the random access opportunity.
  • This method can be applied to communication scenarios where the uplink channel bandwidth and downlink channel bandwidth of the terminal equipment are asymmetrical, the first frequency range is set between 1457MHz and 1492MHz, and the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity should be set in the first frequency range In order to ensure that the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is within the uplink channel bandwidth.
  • the terminal device determines that the uplink channel bandwidth of the cell is not equal to the downlink channel bandwidth of the cell.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity includes any of the following: the frequency domain start position of the random access opportunity, the frequency domain end position of the random access opportunity, or the The center frequency of the random access opportunity.
  • the random access opportunity is located in last Y symbols of the half frame where the SSB is located, and Y is a positive integer. Since the random access opportunity is an uplink resource and the SSB resource is a downlink resource, by designing the random access opportunity to be located in the last Y symbols of the first half frame, it can be ensured that the random access opportunity and the SSB resource do not overlap in the time domain.
  • a random access method is provided, and the method may be executed by a terminal device, or may be executed by components of the terminal device.
  • the following description is made by taking the execution subject as a terminal device as an example.
  • the method can be realized through the following steps: the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency of the uplink carrier of the cell and the first offset value; the terminal device initiates random access based on the random access opportunity.
  • the bandwidth of the uplink carrier and downlink carrier can also be asymmetrical, the method provided by the third aspect can be applied to this scenario, of course It can also be applied to any other scene.
  • the terminal device can determine the frequency of the uplink carrier of the cell according to the prior information, and further determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity. In this way, when the network is upgraded, the terminal device can also determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity without receiving and decoding the SIB1, initiate random access, and successfully access the network or cell.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity includes any of the following: the frequency domain start position of the random access opportunity, the frequency domain end position of the random access opportunity, or the random access opportunity
  • the center frequency of the access opportunity, the frequency of the uplink carrier includes any of the following: the lowest frequency, the center frequency, or the highest frequency of the uplink carrier.
  • the center frequency of the random access opportunity is the sum of the frequency of the uplink carrier and a first offset value.
  • the uplink channel bandwidth and the downlink channel bandwidth of the random access cell are not equal.
  • the random access opportunity further includes time domain resources;
  • the terminal device initiating random access based on the random access opportunity includes: the terminal device based on the time domain resource and the Frequency domain resources, sending a random access preamble to a network device;
  • the method further includes: the terminal device receives a RAR from the network device based on a random access response RAR window; wherein, the starting point of the RAR window is The Pth symbol after the last symbol of the time domain resource, where P is an integer greater than or equal to 0.
  • the RAR window can also be determined when the terminal device does not need to receive and decode SIB1, thereby realizing monitoring RAR and receiving into the network.
  • the terminal device sends message 3 to the network device according to the uplink resource grant in the RAR; the uplink resource grant includes an offset value, and the offset value is used to determine the The frequency domain starting position of the uplink resource of message 3, the offset value is the offset value of the uplink resource of message 3 relative to the frequency domain position of the SSB, or the offset value of the message 3 The offset value of the uplink resource of the relative to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the uplink resource authorization is analyzed according to the frequency domain position of the SSB or the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity, so that the terminal device can also determine the uplink resource of message 3 without receiving and decoding SIB1, so as to realize receiving message 3 and Connect to the network.
  • the uplink resource grant further includes the number of frequency domain units occupied by the uplink resources of the message 3 .
  • the terminal device sends message 3 to the network device according to the uplink resource grant in the RAR; the uplink resource grant is used to indicate the uplink resource of the message 3 in the bandwidth part,
  • the bandwidth part is determined according to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity. Determine the bandwidth part according to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity, and then determine the uplink resource authorization according to the bandwidth part.
  • the terminal device does not need to receive and decode SIB1, it can also determine the uplink resource of message 3, so as to realize receiving message 3 and receiving into the network.
  • the bandwidth part is Z frequency domain units centered on the center frequency of the random access opportunity, and Z is a positive integer.
  • a communication device in a fourth aspect, may be a terminal device, or may be a component (for example, a chip, or a chip system, or a circuit) located in the terminal device.
  • the device has the function of implementing the method in any one of the above-mentioned aspects and any possible design of any aspect.
  • the functions may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software through hardware.
  • Hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.
  • the device may include a processing unit and a transceiver unit.
  • the transceiver unit is used to receive the SSB from the network device;
  • the processing unit is used to determine the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB According to the frequency of the uplink carrier of the cell and the offset value frequency domain position, and initiate random access based on the random access opportunity.
  • the processing unit is used to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity, and the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is located within the first frequency range , the starting position of the first frequency range is 1457 MHz, and the ending position of the first frequency range is 1492 MHz; and it is used for initiating random access based on the random access opportunity.
  • the processing unit is configured to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency of the uplink carrier of the cell and the first offset value; and based on The random access opportunity initiates random access.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device includes an interface circuit and a processor, and the processor and the interface circuit are coupled to each other.
  • the processor implements the above-mentioned aspects and the methods described in each possible design of the aspects through logic circuits or executing code instructions.
  • the interface circuit is used to receive signals from other communication devices other than the communication device and transmit to the processor or send signals from the processor to other communication devices other than the communication device. It can be understood that the interface circuit may be a transceiver or an input/output interface.
  • the communication device may further include a memory for storing instructions executed by the processor, or storing input data required by the processor to execute the instructions, or storing data generated after the processor executes the instructions.
  • the memory may be a physically independent unit, or may be coupled with the processor, or the processor includes the memory.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program or readable instruction is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program or readable instruction is executed by a communication device, the The methods described in the above aspects or in each possible design of the aspects are executed.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor and may further include a memory.
  • the memory is used to store programs, instructions or codes; the processor is used to execute the programs, instructions or codes stored in the memory, so as to implement the methods described in the above aspects or possible designs of each aspect.
  • the system-on-a-chip may consist of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • a computer program product including instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, cause the method described in the first aspect or each possible design of the aspect to be executed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of spectrum division of 5G NR in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of the TDD duplex mode in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of the FDD duplex mode in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of TDD uplink and downlink carriers in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of FDD uplink and downlink carriers in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is one of the schematic flow diagrams of the random access method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7a is one of the schematic diagrams of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7b is the second schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7c is the third schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 7d is the fourth schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8a is the fifth schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8b is the sixth schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8c is the seventh schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 9a is the eighth schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9b is the ninth schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9c is the tenth schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a random access opportunity on an FDD symmetric carrier in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is the second schematic flow diagram of the random access method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a random access timing of band n50 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is the third schematic flow diagram of the random access method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of determining the center frequency of a random access opportunity according to the lowest frequency of the uplink carrier of the cell and the first offset value according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the bandwidth part and the uplink resource of message 3 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is the second structural diagram of the communication device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a random access method and device, so as to successfully access the network when the terminal device cannot decode the SIB1 message due to network upgrade or other reasons.
  • the method and the device are conceived based on the same or similar technology. Since the principle of solving the problem of the method and the device is similar, the implementation of the device and the method can be referred to each other, and the repetition will not be repeated.
  • the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a fourth generation (4th generation, 4G) communication system, such as long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE), and can also be applied to a fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) communication system,
  • 4th generation, 4G fourth generation
  • 5th generation, 5G fifth generation
  • 5G new radio new radio, NR
  • 6th generation, 6G sixth generation
  • 6G air-space-sea-ground integrated communication system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system 1000 applied in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system includes a radio access network 100 and a core network 200 , and optionally, the communication system 1000 may also include the Internet 300 .
  • the radio access network 100 may include at least one radio access network device (such as 110a and 110b in FIG. 1 ), and may also include at least one terminal (such as 120a-120j in FIG. 1 ).
  • the terminal is connected to the wireless access network device in a wireless manner, and the wireless access network device is connected to the core network in a wireless or wired manner.
  • the core network equipment and the wireless access network equipment can be independent and different physical equipment, or the functions of the core network equipment and the logical functions of the wireless access network equipment can be integrated on the same physical equipment, or it can be a physical equipment It integrates some functions of core network equipment and some functions of wireless access network equipment. Terminals and wireless access network devices may be connected to each other in a wired or wireless manner.
  • FIG. 1 is only a schematic diagram.
  • the communication system may also include other network devices, such as wireless relay devices and wireless backhaul devices, which are not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the radio access network equipment can be a base station (base station), an evolved base station (evolved NodeB, eNodeB), a transmission reception point (transmission reception point, TRP), and the next generation in the fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) mobile communication system
  • Base station (next generation NodeB, gNB), the next generation base station in the sixth generation (6th generation, 6G) mobile communication system, the base station in the future mobile communication system or the access node in the WiFi system, etc.; it can also complete the base station part
  • a functional module or unit for example, can be a centralized unit (central unit, CU) or a distributed unit (distributed unit, DU).
  • the CU here completes the functions of the radio resource control protocol and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) of the base station, and also completes the function of the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP); the DU completes the functions of the base station
  • the functions of the radio link control layer and the medium access control (medium access control, MAC) layer can also complete the functions of part of the physical layer or all of the physical layer.
  • 3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP third generation partnership project
  • the radio access network device may be a macro base station (such as 110a in Figure 1), a micro base station or an indoor station (such as 110b in Figure 1), or a relay node or a donor node.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific technology and specific equipment form adopted by the radio access network equipment.
  • a base station is used as an example of a radio access network device for description below.
  • a terminal may also be called terminal equipment, user equipment (user equipment, UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, and so on.
  • Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things ( internet of things, IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart city, etc.
  • Terminals can be mobile phones, tablet computers, computers with wireless transceiver functions, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the terminal.
  • Base stations and terminals can be fixed or mobile. Base stations and terminals can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; they can also be deployed on aircraft, balloons and artificial satellites in the air. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the application scenarios of the base station and the terminal.
  • the helicopter or UAV 120i in FIG. base station for base station 110a, 120i is a terminal, that is, communication between 110a and 120i is performed through a wireless air interface protocol.
  • communication between 110a and 120i may also be performed through an interface protocol between base stations.
  • 120i compared to 110a, 120i is also a base station. Therefore, both the base station and the terminal can be collectively referred to as a communication device, 110a and 110b in FIG. 1 can be referred to as a communication device with a base station function, and 120a-120j in FIG. 1 can be referred to as a communication device with a terminal function.
  • the functions of the base station may also be performed by modules (such as chips) in the base station, or may be performed by a control subsystem including the functions of the base station.
  • the control subsystem including base station functions here may be the control center in the above application scenarios such as smart grid, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart city.
  • the functions of the terminal may also be performed by a module (such as a chip or a modem) in the terminal, or may be performed by a device including the terminal function.
  • FR1 is the main frequency band of 5G, also known as Sub-6G frequency band, frequency The range is generally below 6GHz;
  • FR2 is the extended frequency band of 5G, also known as the millimeter wave frequency band, and is usually called 5G high frequency.
  • the spectrum division of 5G NR can be shown in Figure 2.
  • FR1 and FR2 are just two large ranges of 5G NR spectrum division. 3GPP fully considers the current use of spectrum resources and future planning in various countries in the world, and divides the spectrum resources of FR1 and FR2 into several frequency bands.
  • the frequency bands can also be called frequency bands (band ), the division of frequency bands enables countries to choose appropriate frequency bands according to their own available spectrum when deploying their own 5G networks.
  • Duplex modes in 5G include TDD and FDD.
  • TDD when the uplink and downlink communication of the network device and the terminal device use the same frequency resources, but are only distinguished by time domain resources, it is called time division duplex TDD.
  • FDD frequency division duplexing FDD.
  • 5G NR divides spectrum resources into several frequency bands, which are numbered in the form of "n+number". From the perspective of spectrum division, the duplex mode of each frequency band is clear.
  • the frequency band division of FR1 is shown in Table 1.
  • the downlink operation in n24band is limited to 1526–1536MHz, and the uplink operation is limited to 1627.5–1637.5MHz and 1646.5–1656.5MHz.
  • the frequency band division of FR2 is shown in Table 2.
  • Feature 1 For frequency bands whose duplex mode is TDD in FR1 and FR2, the center frequencies of the uplink carrier and downlink carrier of the cell deployed on this frequency band are aligned, and the bandwidth of the uplink carrier and downlink carrier are the same, that is, the uplink channel of the terminal device The bandwidth and downlink channel bandwidth are symmetrical, and bandwidth symmetry can be understood as the same bandwidth.
  • Feature 1 can be represented by Figure 4.
  • the uplink channel bandwidth and downlink channel bandwidth of the terminal device can be symmetrical or different. If it is asymmetrical, it complies with the definition of TDD asymmetrical UL and DL channel bandwidth combination, which is shown in Table 3.
  • Feature 2 For the frequency band where the duplex mode in FR1 is FDD, the center frequencies of the uplink carrier and downlink carrier of the cell deployed on this frequency band are not aligned.
  • the bandwidths of the uplink carrier and the downlink carrier may be symmetrical, and for a specific band, the bandwidths of the uplink carrier and the downlink carrier may also be asymmetrical. An example of asymmetry is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • Feature 2-1 When the bandwidth of the uplink and downlink channels in the FDD frequency band is symmetrical, the interval between the center frequencies of the uplink carrier and the downlink carrier is predefined by the protocol, and the interval between the center frequencies of the uplink carrier and the downlink carrier can also be called The default carrier center frequency separation from the TX channel to the RX channel (TX–RX carrier center frequency separation). Table 4 shows the carrier center frequency interval from the TX channel to the RX channel.
  • Feature 2-2 When the uplink and downlink channel bandwidths of the FDD frequency band are asymmetrical, the combinations of working bandwidth and supported asymmetrical channel bandwidth are shown in Table 5 below.
  • the terminal device receives the SSB.
  • the network device broadcasts the SSB, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the SSB from the network device.
  • the terminal device can scan the SSB according to the synchronization grid or prior information, obtain relevant information such as the cell identity according to the SSB, and perform downlink synchronization.
  • the SSB includes 4 symbols in the time domain, and includes 240 consecutive subcarriers (that is, 20 resource blocks (resource block, RB)) in the frequency domain.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • the terminal device initiates random access based on a random access opportunity.
  • the random access opportunity includes frequency domain resources determined according to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity. It can also be considered that the random access opportunity is determined according to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity in S602.
  • the terminal device by determining the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB, and initiating random access based on the random access opportunity, the terminal device does not need to receive and decode the SIB1 when the network is upgraded. In some cases, it is also possible to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity, initiate random access, and successfully access the network or cell.
  • This solution can solve the compatibility problem of terminal equipment accessing the network. When a compatibility error occurs on any side of the terminal equipment or the network, it can enable the terminal equipment and the network to fall back to a configuration that does not affect the access process and continue to communicate. , this communication mode can be called safe mode or robust compatibility mode. After the terminal device is connected to the network through the robust compatibility mode or the security mode, it can perform processes such as upgrading or error repair to ensure that the terminal device can normally access the network in the future.
  • the terminal device determines the first random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB , the terminal device initiates random access based on the first random access opportunity in S603.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the first random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB , and then determine the frequency domain positions of multiple random access opportunities according to the frequency domain positions of the first random access opportunity. Multiple frequency domain units obtain frequency domain positions of multiple random access opportunities.
  • the terminal device initiates random access based on the random access opportunity, which may mean that the terminal device selects a random access opportunity according to the mapping relationship between the SSB and the random access opportunity, and initiates a random access opportunity on the selected random access opportunity. enter.
  • the random access opportunity selected by the terminal device at this time is not necessarily the first random access opportunity at which the frequency domain position is determined according to the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • the mapping relationship between the SSB and the random access opportunity may be predefined by the protocol.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB. Find out the frequency domain positions of multiple random access opportunities, the specific determination method may be to first determine the frequency domain position of the first random access opportunity, and then determine the multiple random access opportunities according to the frequency domain positions of the first random access opportunity frequency domain location.
  • the terminal device initiates random access based on the random access opportunity, which may refer to selecting a random access according to the mapping relationship between the SSB and the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain positions of the multiple random access opportunities determined in S602. opportunity, and initiate random access on the selected random access opportunity.
  • the random access opportunity selected to initiate random access is not necessarily the first random access opportunity.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • the terminal device On the basis that the terminal device does not need to receive and decode SIB1, it can also determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity, initiate random access, and successfully access network or cell.
  • the random access process can be implemented in different ways.
  • the random access process may include a 4-step random access process.
  • the terminal device sends a random access preamble (preamble) to the network device at a random access opportunity, and the network device returns a random access response ( random access response, RAR), the terminal device sends a message 3 (Msg3) to the network device, and the message 3 can be a radio resource control (Radio Resource Control, RRC) establishment request message or an RRC recovery request message, etc.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the network device sends a message 4 to the terminal device, where the message 4 may be a contention resolution message, and the message 4 may include a contention resolution identifier.
  • the random access process may also include a 2-step random access process, specifically, the terminal sends a message A (msgA) to the network device, and the network device sends a message B to the terminal, where the message A consists of two parts, such as Message A is composed of a preamble sent by a physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) and a message sent by a PUSCH channel.
  • Message A is composed of a preamble sent by a physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) and a message sent by a PUSCH channel.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the terminal device may send the preamble to the network device on the PRACH resource.
  • the time-frequency resources occupied by msgA can be described as two parts, where the resources occupied by the preamble are PRACH time-frequency resources (or PRACH resources), and the resources occupied by PUSCH are PUSCH time-frequency resources. frequency resources (or PUSCH resources).
  • DMRS is sent on designated symbols in PUSCH resources.
  • the random access opportunity of S602 is the PRACH resource
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity of S602 is the frequency domain position of the PRACH resource.
  • the PRACH resource can be represented by a PRACH transmission occasion (RACH occasion, RO).
  • RACH occasion RO
  • One RO represents a block of time-frequency resources used to transmit preambles, and includes one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain, or one RO includes one or more resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain.
  • RBs resource blocks
  • One RO includes one or more time domain symbols in the time domain.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the PRACH resource according to the frequency domain position of the SSB, and the terminal device initiates random access based on the PRACH resource, for example, sends a random access preamble on the PRACH resource, and the PRACH resource includes The frequency domain resource determined by the frequency domain position of the PRACH.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the PRACH resource according to the frequency domain position of the SSB, and the terminal device initiates random access based on the PRACH resource, for example, sends a random access preamble on the PRACH resource, and the PRACH resource includes The frequency domain resource determined by the frequency domain position of the PRACH.
  • the corresponding PUSCH resource can be determined through the PRACH resource, for example, the PUSCH resource is behind a fixed number of time slots/symbols of the PRACH resource, or there is a fixed number of RB intervals between the PUSCH resource and the PRACH resource.
  • the random access opportunity includes resources in two dimensions, frequency domain resources and time domain resources.
  • the time domain resources of the random access opportunity may include the time domain period, the start symbol and the number of persistent symbols.
  • the time domain resources of the random access opportunity may be predefined by the protocol.
  • the protocol specifies the period of the random access opportunity, the start symbol The radio frame identifier, subframe identifier, time slot identifier and symbol identifier, and the number of continuous symbols.
  • the time domain resource of the random access opportunity is determined according to the time domain resource of the SSB, for example, the time domain period of the random access opportunity is determined according to the initial access period (for example, 20ms) of the SSB.
  • the start symbol of the random access opportunity is W symbols after the time domain resource of the SSB, and W is an integer greater than or equal to 0.
  • the mapping relationship between the SSB and the random access opportunity is: there is a mapping relationship between the SSB and the random access opportunity in the time domain, where If there are multiple random access opportunities in a given time domain, the random access opportunities in the time domain may be selected randomly or according to a predefined rule.
  • the predefined rule may include a mapping relationship between SSB and random access opportunities, for example, one SSB has a mapping relationship with one or more random access opportunities, and for example, one random access opportunity and one or more SSB has a mapping relationship.
  • the frequency domain resource of the random access opportunity may include the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain unit included in the random access opportunity.
  • the random access opportunity may include a second number of frequency domain units in the frequency domain.
  • the second quantity is represented by X, where X is a positive integer.
  • X is a positive integer.
  • the value of X can be 2, 3, 6, or 12.
  • the random access resource is represented by RO, and then one RO includes X frequency domain units.
  • the value of the second number may be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network. If it is configured by the network, for example, the value of the second number may be configured in the MIB or PBCH. If multiple ROs are included in the frequency domain, the number of RBs included in the multiple ROs can be obtained according to the number of RBs included in one RO.
  • the frequency domain unit may be an RB or a subcarrier (subCarrier).
  • the frequency domain unit takes RB as an example.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access occasion may be determined according to the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • the following provides optional implementation modes for the terminal device to determine the frequency domain position of the random access resource according to the frequency domain position of the SSB, including mode 1, mode 2 and mode 3.
  • the terminal device scans the synchronization grid to determine the frequency of the SSB or the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • the frequency of the SSB can be understood as the center frequency of the SSB, and optionally the frequency domain position of the SSB can be determined by the frequency of the SSB.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be determined in the following optional manner.
  • Mode 1 The interval between the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB is the first number of frequency domain units.
  • the first quantity is represented by M, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 0.
  • the value of the first number may be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network. If it is configured by the network, for example, the value of the first number may be configured in the MIB or PBCH.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity refers to a certain frequency within the frequency range where the random access opportunity is located, and the frequency domain position of the SSB may also refer to a certain frequency within the frequency range where the SSB is located.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access resource is determined according to the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be M frequency domain units before or after the frequency domain position of the SSB. It should be noted that the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be before or after the frequency domain position of the SSB, which may be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network.
  • the network device can use 1 bit to indicate that the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is before (towards the low frequency direction) or after (towards the high frequency direction) the SSB frequency domain position.
  • the 1 bit can be used For example, when the value of this bit is set to "1", it means that the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is before the SSB frequency domain position; otherwise, when the value of this bit is set to "0", it means that The frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is after the SSB frequency domain position.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be any of the following: the frequency domain start position of the random access opportunity, the frequency domain end position of the random access opportunity, or the center frequency of the random access opportunity.
  • the frequency domain position of the SSB may be any of the following: the frequency domain starting position of the SSB, the frequency domain ending position of the SSB, or the center frequency of the SSB.
  • M RBs between the start frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the end frequency domain position of the SSB there are M RBs between the start frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the end frequency domain position of the SSB; or, M RBs are separated between the start frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the center frequency of the SSB; Or, there is an interval of M RBs between the center frequency of the random access opportunity and the center frequency of the SSB; or, there is an interval of M RBs between the end frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the end frequency domain position of the SSB; or, the random access opportunity
  • the interval between the initial frequency domain position of the access opportunity and the initial frequency domain position of the SSB is M RBs; or the interval between the initial frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the center frequency of the SSB is M RBs; or the random access
  • the interval between the end frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the central frequency of the SSB is M RBs; or, the interval between the
  • the method for determining the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity based on the first method is illustrated below through a schematic diagram.
  • the random access opportunity is represented by RO.
  • the first method is used to determine the frequency domain position of the first random access opportunity. If there is more than one frequency division multiplexing (FDMed) random access opportunity in the frequency domain, the first random access opportunity can be determined according to method 1, and then the frequency domains of other random access opportunities can be determined according to the first random access opportunity Location. For example: the frequency domain position of the first random access opportunity begins to shift to the high frequency direction or the low frequency direction sequentially until the frequency domain positions of other random access opportunities are determined.
  • FDMed frequency division multiplexing
  • the random access opportunity is RO
  • one RO includes 2 RBs
  • the frequency domain includes 3 ROs
  • the first RO is determined according to method 1
  • the first RO is shifted to the high frequency direction or to the low frequency direction respectively 2 RBs and 4 RBs
  • the frequency domain positions of the other 2 ROs are obtained, so as to determine the frequency domain positions of the 3 ROs.
  • the position of an RO has been determined, as shown in Figure 7d, shifting to the high frequency direction by 2 ROs or 4 RBs , to obtain the frequency domain positions of the final three ROs.
  • FIG. 8b the position of an RO has been determined.
  • Figure 8c the position of 2 RBs and 4 RBs are sequentially shifted to the high frequency direction to obtain the final frequency of 3 ROs. domain location.
  • Figure 9b the position of an RO has been determined, as shown in Figure 9c, shifting to the high frequency direction by 2 RBs and 4 RBs in turn, to obtain the final frequency of 3 ROs domain location.
  • Fig. 7d, Fig. 8c and Fig. 9c illustrate three continuous ROs. It can be understood that multiple ROs can be continuous or discontinuous. When multiple ROs are discontinuous, adjacent Fixed frequency domain units may be spaced between ROs. The number of ROs included in the frequency domain may be predefined or configured in the MIB.
  • Mode 1 may be applicable to a time division duplex (TDD) duplex mode, that is, the duplex mode of the frequency band where the SSB is located is TDD.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the uplink carrier bandwidth uplink channel bandwidth
  • downlink carrier bandwidth downlink channel bandwidth
  • Mode 2 the central frequency of the random access opportunity is equal to the central frequency of the SSB. Or the center frequency of the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is aligned with the center frequency of the SSB. Or the center frequency of the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity coincides with the center frequency of the SSB.
  • the center frequency of the random access opportunity is aligned with the center frequency of the SSB.
  • one RO includes 2 RBs.
  • the center frequency of a RO at the time of random access is equal to the center frequency of the SSB
  • the frequency domain resource of the random access resource is a frequency domain resource that takes the center frequency of the SSB as the center frequency and includes 2 RBs .
  • the first random access opportunity can be determined according to the second method, and then the frequency domains of other random access opportunities can be determined according to the first random access opportunity. Location.
  • the second way can be applied in the duplex mode of time division duplex (TDD), that is, the duplex mode of the frequency band where the SSB and the random access resource opportunities are located is TDD.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the uplink channel bandwidth and the downlink channel bandwidth of the frequency band or cell are equal.
  • the uplink carrier bandwidth uplink channel bandwidth
  • downlink carrier bandwidth downlink channel bandwidth
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity on the uplink carrier can be determined through the SSB correspondence on the downlink carrier.
  • the terminal device does not need any prior information of the uplink carrier.
  • the time domain resource of the random access opportunity (ie, RO) is uplink, and the time domain resource of SSB is downlink, and the uplink and downlink need not overlap in the time domain. That is, symbols occupied by RO and symbols occupied by SSB do not overlap.
  • the random access opportunity is located in the last Y symbols of the half frame, where the half frame where the random access opportunity is located is denoted as the first half frame, Y is a positive integer, and the first half frame is the half frame where the SSB is located, or The first half frame is the Nth half frame after the half frame where the SSB is located, and N is a positive integer; or the first half frame may not be related to the half frame where the SSB is located, and the first half frame may be determined according to the time domain period of the RO.
  • the time domain period of the RO may be predefined. In this case, the time domain period of the RO may not be related to the time domain period of the SSB. In this case, N is not a fixed value. As shown in FIG.
  • a field refers to the first 5 subframes (field 0 ) or the last 5 subframes (field 1 ) in a system frame, and each subframe includes multiple symbols.
  • the random access opportunity is located in the last Y symbols of the first half frame, and the number of symbols occupied by the random access opportunity may be less than or equal to Y. If the number of symbols occupied by the random access opportunity is less than Y, the random access opportunity The access opportunity occupies y symbols in the last Y symbols of the field, where y is greater than 0 and less than or equal to Y. Taking the value of Y as 2 as an example, the random access opportunity occupies 1 or 2 symbols in the last 2 symbols of the half frame.
  • the random access opportunity may occupy the 15th and 14th symbols from the bottom of the half frame.
  • subsequent random access opportunities may be determined according to the period of the random access opportunity.
  • each SSB occupies 4 symbols, for example, the case of 4 SSBs is (2,8,16,22), (2,8,16,22) respectively represent 4
  • the first symbol in the SSB, the four SSBs respectively occupy the symbols: 2 ⁇ 5, 8 ⁇ 11, 16 ⁇ 19, 22 ⁇ 25.
  • the remaining symbols at the end of the half frame can be understood as symbols not occupied by SSB.
  • the ellipsis represents continuous symbols, and can also be represented by " ⁇ ", for example, (26...69) represents There are 44 symbols in total from 26 to 69.
  • the symbols occupied by the SSB are different, and the number of remaining symbols after the half frame is also different.
  • the symbols of the half-frame occupied by the random access opportunity are respectively specified for different SCSs, that is, Y values are set for different SCSs, and Y can be set according to the remaining symbols of the half-frames corresponding to different SCSs The Y value indicates that the random access opportunity is located in the last Y symbols of the field. Based on Table 6, as shown in Table 7, Y values are set separately for different SCSs.
  • the Y value is also Can be set to a value less than 44.
  • the symbols of the random access opportunity can be specified by the agreement to be located in the last 16 symbols of the half-frame
  • the symbols of the random access opportunity may be part or all of the last 16 symbols of the half frame, for example, the symbols of the random access opportunity are the 15th and 14th symbols from the last in the half frame.
  • the symbols of the random access opportunities are part of the last 16 symbols of the half-frame, which parts of the last 16 symbols of the half-frame the symbols of the random access opportunities correspond to can be predefined by a protocol.
  • the setting method of the random access resources occupying the Y symbols of the half frame may be pre-specified in the protocol, or may be notified to the terminal device by the network side.
  • the following method 3 may be adopted.
  • the center frequency of the random access resource is determined according to the center frequency of the SSB and the preset frequency interval. For example, the position where the center frequency of the SSB is shifted forward by the preset frequency interval is the center frequency of the random access opportunity; for another example, the position where the center frequency of the SSB is shifted backward by the preset frequency interval is the center frequency of the random access opportunity .
  • the preset frequency interval may be the carrier center frequency separation (TX-RX carrier center frequency separation) from the TX channel to the RX channel.
  • the carrier center frequency interval from the TX channel to the RX channel may be predefined by the protocol, for example, it may be as shown in Table 4 above.
  • the difference between the center frequency of the random access opportunity and the center frequency of the SSB is the preset frequency interval.
  • the center frequency of the random access opportunity conforms to the following formula: Wherein, F RO is the center frequency of the random access opportunity, The center frequency of the SSB determined for terminal device scanning, FTx -Rx_separation is the carrier center frequency interval from the TX channel to the RX channel, and the carrier center frequency interval from the TX channel to the RX channel can be referred to as the center frequency domain interval for short.
  • the difference between the center frequency of the random access resource and the center frequency of the SSB is the carrier center frequency interval from the TX channel to the RX channel, which may be that the center frequency of the random access opportunity is offset from the center frequency domain interval after the center frequency of the SSB
  • the position of may also be the position where the center frequency of the random access opportunity is offset from the center frequency domain interval before the center frequency of the SSB. As shown in FIG. 11 , it illustrates that the center frequency of the random access resource is offset from the center frequency interval of the SSB.
  • the carrier center frequency interval from the TX channel to the RX channel is predefined.
  • the difference between the center frequency of the random access resource and the center frequency of the SSB is the carrier center frequency interval from the TX channel to the RX channel. Since the bandwidth of the uplink channel and the bandwidth of the downlink channel are equal, the center frequency of the random access resource can be guaranteed to be between Within the range of the uplink carrier, the terminal device does not need any prior information of the carrier.
  • the terminal device may determine one or both of the two preset frequency intervals corresponding to n24 according to prior information, and determine the center frequency of the random access opportunity according to the determined preset frequency interval. For example, if the terminal device determines according to the prior information that the terminal device has worked on the UL frequency corresponding to one of the two values, the terminal device selects the center frequency interval determined by the prior information. If the terminal device determines that it has worked on both UL frequencies corresponding to the two values according to the prior information, the terminal device arbitrarily selects a center frequency interval.
  • the frequency domain position of the first random access opportunity can be determined according to the third method, and other random access opportunities can be determined according to the first random access opportunity frequency domain location.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is determined according to the frequency domain position of the SSB and the preset frequency interval.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be any one of the frequency domain start position of the random access opportunity, the frequency domain end position of the random access opportunity, or the center frequency of the random access opportunity.
  • the frequency domain position of the SSB may be any one of the frequency domain starting position of the SSB, the frequency domain ending position of the SSB, or the center frequency of the SSB.
  • an example of an implementation similar to Mode 3 is as follows: the initial frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is determined according to the initial frequency domain position of the SSB and the preset frequency interval; the initial frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is determined according to the SSB The terminal frequency domain position and the preset frequency interval of the random access opportunity are determined; the starting frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is determined according to the center frequency of the SSB and the preset frequency interval; the center frequency of the random access opportunity is determined according to the starting frequency domain position of the SSB and the The preset frequency interval is determined. More possible combinations of the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB will not be listed one by one.
  • the foregoing manners 1 to 3 illustrate how to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • TDD conforms to the above feature 1, but for band n50, the uplink channel bandwidth and downlink channel bandwidth of the terminal device can be symmetrical or different.
  • band n50 when the uplink channel bandwidth and the downlink channel bandwidth of the terminal equipment are symmetrical, the above method 1 or method 2 can be used to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the bandwidth of the uplink channel and the bandwidth of the downlink channel of the terminal device are asymmetrical, the bandwidth of the uplink channel of the terminal device is 60 MHz, and the bandwidth of the downlink channel is 80 MHz.
  • method 1 or method 2 can also be used to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the bandwidth of the downlink channel is larger than the bandwidth of the uplink channel, the frequency domain position of the SSB may fall in a position where the downlink bandwidth is larger than the uplink bandwidth. In the above part, in this way, the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity cannot be determined based on the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a random access method, as shown in FIG. 12 , and a flow of the random access method is as follows.
  • the terminal device determines a frequency domain position of a random access opportunity, where the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is within a first frequency range.
  • the starting position of the first frequency range is 1457 MHz
  • the ending position of the first frequency range is 1492 MHz.
  • the terminal device initiates random access based on the random access opportunity.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access resource, and the frequency domain position of the random access resource is within the first frequency range.
  • the first frequency range may be predefined by the protocol, or notified by the network device to the terminal device.
  • the first frequency range is between 1457MHz and 1492MHz.
  • the protocol may specify that band n50 or the center frequency of the random access opportunity of the corresponding cell is 1480MHz. This embodiment can be aimed at the working bandwidth of band n50, the working frequency range of band n50 is 1432MHz-1517MHz, and the uplink channel bandwidth of the terminal equipment is 60MHz.
  • a frequency range is obtained by extending a bandwidth of 60MHz upwards starting from 1432MHz, and a frequency range is obtained by extending a bandwidth of 60MHz downwards from 1517MHz as an end point.
  • the overlapping frequency range is 1457MHz-1492MHz.
  • the uplink channel frequency of the terminal equipment must fall within the overlapping area of the two frequency ranges. Therefore, the first frequency range is set between 1457MHz and 1492MHz, and the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity should be set within the first frequency range, so as to ensure that the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is within the uplink channel bandwidth.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be any of the following: the frequency domain start position of the random access opportunity, the frequency domain end position of the random access opportunity, or the center frequency of the random access opportunity.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 12 is applicable to a TDD communication scenario where the uplink channel bandwidth and the downlink channel bandwidth of the cell are not equal.
  • the terminal device may also determine that the uplink channel bandwidth of the cell is not equal to the downlink channel bandwidth of the cell.
  • the uplink and downlink need not overlap in the time domain.
  • the random access opportunity occupies the last Y symbols of the half frame where the SSB is located, and Y is a positive integer.
  • the random access opportunity occupies the last Y symbols of the half-frame where the SSB is located reference may be made to the description in the above-mentioned manner 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • FDD conforms to the above feature 2 and feature 2-1, that is, for the frequency band where the duplex mode in FR1 is FDD, the uplink carrier of the cell deployed on this frequency band It is not aligned with the center frequency of the downlink carrier, and the bandwidth of the uplink carrier and the downlink carrier are symmetrical.
  • the third method above can be used to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the bandwidths of the uplink carrier and downlink carrier may also be asymmetrical.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a A random access method, as shown in FIG. 14 , the flow of the random access method is as follows.
  • the terminal device determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency and offset value of the uplink carrier of the cell.
  • the offset value can be recorded as a first offset value.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be the start position of the frequency domain of the random access opportunity, the end position of the frequency domain of the random access opportunity, or the center frequency of the random access opportunity.
  • the terminal device initiates random access based on the random access opportunity.
  • the frequency of the uplink carrier may be the lowest frequency of the uplink carrier, or the center frequency of the uplink carrier, or the highest frequency of the uplink carrier. If the terminal device has worked in the carrier or cell of the above-mentioned specific band, the terminal device can determine the information of the uplink carrier and the downlink carrier according to the prior information, so that the terminal device can determine the frequency of the uplink carrier of the cell according to the prior information.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be the sum of the lowest frequency of the uplink carrier and the first offset value, that is, the lowest frequency of the uplink carrier is offset upward by the first offset value Frequency of.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be the sum of the center frequency of the uplink carrier and the first offset value.
  • the first offset value may be positive or is negative.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is the frequency at which the center frequency of the uplink carrier is shifted upward by the first offset value; when the first offset value is negative, the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity The frequency domain position is the frequency at which the center frequency of the uplink carrier is shifted downward by the first offset value.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be the sum of the center frequency of the uplink carrier and the first offset value, and the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may also be the uplink The difference between the center frequency of the carrier and the first offset value.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be the sum of the highest frequency of the uplink carrier and the first offset value.
  • the first offset value may be Can be positive or negative.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity is the frequency at which the highest frequency of the uplink carrier is offset upward by the first offset value; when the first offset value is negative, the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity The frequency domain position is the frequency at which the highest frequency of the uplink carrier is shifted downward by the first offset value.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may be the sum of the highest frequency of the uplink carrier and the first offset value, and the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity may also be the uplink The difference between the highest frequency of the carrier and the first offset value.
  • the first offset values may be the same or different.
  • the specification of the size of the first offset needs to take into account the guard bandwidth.
  • an example is shown to determine the center frequency of the random access opportunity according to the lowest frequency of the uplink carrier of the cell and the first offset value.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 12 and the embodiment in FIG. 14 respectively introduce two ways to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the above describes how to determine the random access opportunity.
  • the method of determining the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity in the embodiment of FIG. 12 and the embodiment of FIG. determines the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity, and determines the frequency domain resource of the random access opportunity, and uses the above method to determine the time domain resource of the random access opportunity, thereby determining the random access opportunity time to enter.
  • the following describes a possible implementation manner in which the terminal device in the embodiments in FIG. 6 , FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 initiates random access based on a random access opportunity.
  • the terminal device sends the random access preamble to the network device based on the time domain resource and the frequency domain resource of the random access opportunity. It may correspond to message 1 or message A in the random access procedure.
  • the network device After receiving the random access preamble, the network device sends RAR to the terminal device.
  • the terminal device receives the RAR of the network device.
  • the terminal device when the terminal device receives the RAR, it needs to monitor the physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH) in the RAR window, and the PDCCH can carry the scheduling information of the RAR.
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • the RAR window may be indicated in the SIB1.
  • the embodiment of the present application may define a method for determining the RAR window.
  • the starting point of the RAR window may be predefined by the protocol.
  • the starting point of the RAR window is the Pth symbol after the last symbol of the time domain resource of the random access opportunity, and P is an integer greater than or equal to 0 .
  • the length of the RAR window may also be predefined by the protocol, for example, the length of the RAR window is defined as 8 time slots.
  • the frequency domain of the RAR may be CORESET#0, that is, the terminal device monitors the PDCCH of the RAR on CORESET#0.
  • Receiving the RAR by the terminal device may correspond to message 2 of the four-step random access.
  • the RAR may indicate the uplink resource grant (UL grant) of message 3.
  • the terminal device sends message 3 to the network device according to the uplink resource authorization in the RAR.
  • the uplink resource authorization of message 3 can be indicated based on the initial BWP, and the initial BWP can be indicated in SIB1. In the case that the terminal device cannot receive SIB1 correctly, the embodiment of this application can provide the determination of the uplink resource authorization of message 3 in RAR Way.
  • the uplink resource grant includes an offset value, which is recorded as a second offset value.
  • the second offset value is used to determine the frequency domain start position of the uplink resource of the message 3 .
  • the second offset value may be an offset value of the uplink resource of message 3 relative to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the second offset value may also be an offset value of the uplink resource of message 3 relative to the frequency domain position of the SSB.
  • the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and the frequency domain position of the SSB may be determined according to the manners in the embodiment in FIG. 6 , the embodiment in FIG. 12 and the embodiment in FIG. 14 .
  • the uplink resource grant also includes the number of frequency domain units occupied by the uplink resource of message 3, for example, the uplink resource grant includes or indicates: the number of RBs occupied by the uplink resource of message 3.
  • the uplink resource grant is used to indicate the uplink resource of the message 3 in the bandwidth part, and the bandwidth part is determined according to the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity.
  • the bandwidth part is Z frequency domain units centered on the central frequency of the random access opportunity, and Z is a positive integer.
  • the network device indicates the uplink resource of message 3 in the bandwidth part, it needs to ensure that the uplink resource of message 3 is within the uplink carrier.
  • other configuration parameters required by the terminal device during the random access process may also be predefined by the protocol.
  • the configuration parameters during the random access process may also be determined.
  • Other configuration parameters may be, for example, the root sequence required to generate the preamble, the modulation order at which the terminal device receives or sends messages.
  • the terminal device performs random access according to the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. After being in the connected state, it stores the configuration information of the random access opportunity of the carrier, and can also store other configuration parameters required for the random access process, which can be used for subsequent use.
  • the terminal device includes hardware structures and/or software modules corresponding to each function.
  • the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software with reference to the units and method steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in the present application. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software drives the hardware depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution.
  • FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are schematic structural diagrams of possible communication devices provided by the embodiments of the present application. These communication apparatuses can be used to implement the functions of the terminal device in the above method embodiments, and thus can also realize the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments.
  • the communication device may be one of the terminals 120a-120j shown in FIG. 1, and may also be a module (such as a chip) applied to the terminal.
  • a communication device 1700 includes a processing unit 1710 and a transceiver unit 1720 .
  • the communication apparatus 1700 is configured to realize the functions of the terminal device in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 6 , FIG. 12 or FIG. 14 above.
  • the transceiver unit 1720 is used to receive the SSB from the network device; the processing unit 1710 is used to determine the random access opportunity according to the frequency domain position of the SSB The frequency domain position of , and initiate random access based on the random access opportunity.
  • the processing unit 1710 is used to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity and to initiate random access based on the random access opportunity .
  • the processing unit 1710 is used to determine the frequency domain position of the random access opportunity according to the frequency and offset value of the uplink carrier of the cell, and Random access is initiated based on random access occasions.
  • processing unit 1710 and the transceiver unit 1720 can be directly obtained by referring to the relevant descriptions in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 6 , FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 , and details are not repeated here.
  • a communication device 1800 includes a processor 1810 and an interface circuit 1820 .
  • the processor 1810 and the interface circuit 1820 are coupled to each other.
  • the interface circuit 1820 may be a transceiver or an input-output interface.
  • the communication device 1800 may further include a memory 1830 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1810 or storing input data required by the processor 1810 to execute the instructions or storing data generated after the processor 1810 executes the instructions.
  • the processor 1810 is used to implement the functions of the processing unit 1710
  • the interface circuit 1820 is used to implement the functions of the transceiver unit 1720 .
  • the chip of the terminal device implements the functions of the terminal device in the above method embodiment.
  • the chip of the terminal device receives information from other modules in the terminal device (such as radio frequency modules or antennas), which is sent by the network device to the terminal device; or, the chip of the terminal device sends information to other modules in the terminal device (such as radio frequency modules) module or antenna) to send information, which is sent by the terminal device to the network device.
  • the network equipment module implements the functions of the network equipment in the above method embodiments.
  • the network device module receives information from other modules in the network device (such as radio frequency modules or antennas), and the information is sent to the network device by the terminal; or, the network device module sends information to other modules in the network device (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) ) to send information, which is sent by the network device to the terminal.
  • the network device module here may be a baseband chip of the network device, or a DU or other modules, and the DU here may be a DU under an open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture.
  • OF-RAN open radio access network
  • the processor in the embodiments of the present application can be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor.
  • the method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by means of hardware, or may be implemented by means of a processor executing software instructions.
  • Software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and software modules can be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only Memory, registers, hard disk, removable hard disk, CD-ROM or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may also be a component of the processor.
  • the processor and storage medium can be located in the ASIC.
  • the ASIC can be located in the base station or the terminal.
  • the processor and the storage medium may also exist in the base station or the terminal as discrete components.
  • all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product comprises one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are executed in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, network equipment, user equipment, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer program or instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instructions may be downloaded from a website, computer, A server or data center transmits to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired or wireless means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrating one or more available media.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; it may also be an optical medium, such as a digital video disk; and it may also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state disk.
  • the computer readable storage medium may be a volatile or a nonvolatile storage medium, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile types of storage media.
  • At least one means one or more
  • multiple means two or more.
  • “And/or” describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.

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Abstract

一种随机接入方法及装置，用以解决网络升级等原因导致终端设备无法接入网络的问题。该方法为：终端设备接收SSB，终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，终端设备基于随机接入时机发起随机接入，其中，随机接入时机包括根据随机接入时机的频域位置确定的频域资源。通过终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，这样在网络升级时，终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的情况下，也可以确定随机接入时机的频域位置，并发起随机接入，成功接入网络或小区。

Description

一种随机接入方法及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年10月18日提交中华人民共和国知识产权局、申请号为202111209169.4、申请名称为“一种随机接入方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种随机接入方法及装置。
背景技术
在现有第五代(5th generation，5G)新无线(new radio，NR)通信系统中，网络设备通过波束扫描方式发送同步广播信号块(SS/PBCH block，SSB)。终端设备接收来自网络设备的SSB，在SSB中携带一些配置信息，配置信息包括一些系统信息的调度信息，系统信息例如可以是系统消息块1(system information block 1，SIB1)。终端设备会根据SSB中的配置信息确定接收系统信息，例如接收SIB1。SIB1中包括了终端设备驻留以及接入小区的基础配置参数，例如初始带宽部分(bandwidth part，BWP)的配置信息和物理随机接入信道(physical random access channel，PRACH)配置信息。因此，终端设备需要根据SIB1消息才能接入小区。
随着网络的升级，SIB1中会增加各个协议版本的配置参数，或增加版本新支持特性的配置参数。协议的变化会引入兼容性问题导致终端设备或网络实现不一致，或者导致终端设备和网络实现错误，进一步会导致终端设备不能接入网络。特别是对于物联场景下的终端设备，其在网周期较长，且终端设备所处环境导致终端设备升级难度较大，严重影响终端设备的接入性能。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种随机接入方法及装置，用以解决网络升级等原因导致终端设备无法接入网络的问题。
第一方面，提供一种随机接入方法，该方法可以由终端设备执行，也可以由终端设备的部件执行。下面以执行主体是终端设备为例进行描述。该方法可以通过以下步骤实现：终端设备接收同步广播信号块SSB，终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，终端设备基于随机接入时机发起随机接入，其中，随机接入时机包括根据随机接入时机的频域位置确定的频域资源。通过终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，这样在网络升级时，终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的情况下，也可以确定随机接入时机的频域位置，并发起随机接入，成功接入网络或小区。
在根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置时，可以通过以下几种方式实现：
方式一：所述随机接入时机的频域位置与所述SSB的频域位置之间的间隔为第一数量的频域单元；其中，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机 的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率；所述SSB的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述SSB的频域起始位置、所述SSB的频域终止位置、或所述SSB的中心频率。当上行载波带宽(上行信道带宽)与下行载波带宽(下行信道带宽)相等时，可以通过下行载波上的SSB对应确定上行载波上的随机接入时机的频域位置。此时终端设备不需要任何上行载波的先验信息。
方式二：所述随机接入时机的中心频率与所述SSB的中心频率相等。当上行载波带宽(上行信道带宽)与下行载波带宽(下行信道带宽)相等时，可以通过下行载波上的SSB对应确定上行载波上的随机接入时机的频域位置。此时终端设备不需要任何上行载波的先验信息。
在所述随机接入时机的中心频率与所述SSB的中心频率相等的基础上，可选的，所述随机接入时机位于第一半帧的后Y个符号，Y为正整数，所述第一半帧为所述SSB所在半帧，或者所述第一半帧为所述SSB所在半帧之后的第N个半帧，所述N为正整数。由于随机接入时机为上行资源，SSB的资源为下行资源，通过设计随机接入时机位于第一半帧的后Y个符号，可以保证随机接入时机与SSB的资源在时域上不重叠。
可选的，方式一和方式二都可以适用于时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)的双工模式下，即SSB和随机接入时机所在频段的双工模式为TDD。
方式三：所述随机接入时机的中心频率根据所述SSB的中心频率、以及预设频率间隔确定。例如，所述随机接入时机的中心频率与所述SSB的中心频率之间的差值为所述预设频率间隔。可选的，方式三可以适用于频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)的双工模式，即SSB随机接入时机所在频段的双工模式为FDD，所述SSB随机接入时机所在频段的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽相等。在FDD的双工模式下，随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率之间的差值为发送端(transmit end，TX)信道到接收端(receive end，RX)信道的载波中心频率间隔，由于上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽相等，因此能保证随机接入时机的中心频率在上行载波范围内。
在方式三的基础上，所述随机接入的小区工作频带为n24时，所述终端设备根据先验信息确定n24对应的两个预设频率间隔的其中一个或两个，并根据确定的预设频率间隔确定所述随机接入时机的中心频率。
在一个可能的设计中，所述随机接入时机在频域上包括第二数量的频域单元。
在一个可能的设计中，所述随机接入时机的子载波间隔为所述SSB的子载波间隔；或者，所述随机接入时机的子载波间隔为所述SSB对应的主信息块(master information block，MIB)指示的子载波间隔。
在一个可能的设计中，所述随机接入时机的时域周期根据所述SSB的初始接入周期确定。
第二方面，提供一种随机接入方法，该方法可以由终端设备执行，也可以由终端设备的部件执行。下面以执行主体是终端设备为例进行描述。该方法可以通过以下步骤实现：终端设备确定随机接入时机的频域位置，所述随机接入时机的频域位置位于第一频率范围内，所述第一频率范围的起始位置为1457MHz，所述第一频率范围的终止位置为1492MHz；所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。该方法可以适用于终端设备的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽不对称的通信场景中，将第一频率范围设置为1457MHz和1492MHz之间，随机接入时机的频域位置应设置在第一频率范围内，才能保证随机接入时机的 频域位置在上行信道带宽内。
在一个可能的设计中，所述终端设备确定小区的上行信道带宽和所述小区的下行信道带宽不相等。
在一个可能的设计中，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率。
在一个可能的设计中，随机接入时机位于所述SSB所在半帧的后Y个符号，Y为正整数。由于随机接入时机为上行资源，SSB的资源为下行资源，通过设计随机接入时机位于第一半帧的后Y个符号，可以保证随机接入时机与SSB的资源在时域上不重叠。
第三方面，提供一种随机接入方法，该方法可以由终端设备执行，也可以由终端设备的部件执行。下面以执行主体是终端设备为例进行描述。该方法可以通过以下步骤实现：终端设备根据小区的上行载波的频率和第一偏移值，确定随机接入时机的频域位置；所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。对于特定的band，例如band n66/70/71/91/92/93/94，其上行载波和下行载波的带宽也可以是不对称的，第三方面提供的方法可以适用于这种场景，当然也可以适用于其他任意场景中。终端设备可以根据先验信息确定小区的上行载波的频率，进一步确定随机接入时机的频域位置。这样在网络升级时，终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的情况下，也可以确定随机接入时机的频域位置，并发起随机接入，成功接入网络或小区。
在一个可能的设计中，随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率，所述上行载波的频率包括以下任意一项：所述上行载波的最低频率、中心频率、或最高频率。
在一个可能的设计中，所述随机接入时机的中心频率为所述上行载波的频率与第一偏移值的和。
在一个可能的设计中，所述随机接入的小区的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽不相等。
基于第一方面、第二方面或第三方面，以下提供一些可能的设计。
在一个可能的设计中，所述随机接入时机还包括时域资源；所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入，包括：所述终端设备基于所述时域资源和所述频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码；所述方法还包括：所述终端设备基于随机接入响应RAR窗口接收来自所述网络设备的RAR；其中，所述RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。通过设计RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，这样在终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的情况下，也可以确定RAR窗口，从而实现监听RAR以及接入网络。
在一个可能的设计中，所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权包括偏移值，所述偏移值用于确定所述消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置，所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述SSB的频域位置的偏移值，或者所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。根据SSB的频域位置或随机接入时机的频域位置来解析上行资源授权，这样在终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的情况下，也可以确定消息3的上行资源，从而实现接收消息3以及接入网络。
可选的，所述上行资源授权还包括所述消息3的上行资源占用的频域单元的个数。
在一个可能的设计中，所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的所述消息3的上行资源，所述带宽部分是根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。根据随机接入时机频域位置确定带宽部分，再根据带宽部分确定上行资源授权，在终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的情况下，也可以确定消息3的上行资源，从而实现接收消息3以及接入网络。
可选的，所述带宽部分为以所述随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。
第四方面，提供一种通信装置，该装置可以是终端设备，也可以是位于终端设备中的部件(例如，芯片，或者芯片系统，或者电路)。该装置具有实现上述任一方面和任一方面的任一种可能的设计中的方法的功能。功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。一种设计中，该装置可以包括处理单元和收发单元。示例性地，当实现第一方面和第一方面任一种可能的设计中的方法时：收发单元用于接收来自网络设备的SSB；处理单元用于根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的据小区的上行载波的频率和偏移值频域位置，以及基于随机接入时机发起随机接入。当实现第二方面和第二方面任一种可能的设计中的方法时：处理单元用于确定随机接入时机的频域位置，所述随机接入时机的频域位置位于第一频率范围内，所述第一频率范围的起始位置为1457MHz，所述第一频率范围的终止位置为1492MHz；以及用于基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。当实现第三方面和第三方面任一种可能的设计中的方法时：处理单元用于根据小区的上行载波的频率和第一偏移值，确定随机接入时机的频域位置；以及基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
上述处理单元和收发单元更详细的描述可以参考上述任一方面中相关描述直接得到。第四方面以及各个可能的设计的有益效果可以参考上述各方面对应部分的描述。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置包括接口电路和处理器，处理器和接口电路之间相互耦合。处理器通过逻辑电路或执行代码指令用于实现上述各方面、各方面各个可能的设计所描述的方法。接口电路用于接收来自所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置的信号并传输至所述处理器或将来自所述处理器的信号发送给所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置。可以理解的是，接口电路可以为收发器或输入输出接口。
可选的，通信装置还可以包括存储器，用于存储处理器执行的指令或存储处理器运行指令所需要的输入数据或存储处理器运行指令后产生的数据。所述存储器可以是物理上独立的单元，也可以与所述处理器耦合，或者所述处理器包括所述存储器。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或可读指令，当所述计算机序或可读指令被通信装置执行时，使得如上述各方面或各方面各个可能的设计中所述的方法被执行。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，还可以包括存储器。存储器用于存储程序、指令或代码；处理器用于执行存储器存储的程序、指令或代码，以实现上述各方面或各方面各个可能的设计中所述的方法。该芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包含芯片和其他分立器件。
第八方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其被通信装置执行时，使得如第各方面或各方面各个可能的设计中所述的方法被执行。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例中通信系统的架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中5G NR的频谱划分示意图；
图3a为本申请实施例中TDD双工模式示意图；
图3b为本申请实施例中FDD双工模式示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中TDD上下行载波示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中FDD上下行载波示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中随机接入方法的流程示意图之一；
图7a为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之一；
图7b为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之二；
图7c为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之三；
图7d为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之四；
图8a为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之五；
图8b为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之六；
图8c为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之七；
图9a为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之八；
图9b为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之九；
图9c为本申请实施例中随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置关系示意图之十；
图10为本申请实施例中帧结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例中FDD对称载波上随机接入时机的示意图；
图12为本申请实施例随机接入方法的流程示意图之二；
图13为本申请实施例band n50的随机接入时机示意图；
图14为本申请实施例随机接入方法的流程示意图之三；
图15为本申请实施例根据小区的上行载波的最低频率和第一偏移值确定随机接入时机的中心频率的示意图；
图16为本申请实施例中带宽部分以及消息3的上行资源示意图；
图17为本申请实施例中通信装置结构示意图之一；
图18为本申请实施例中通信装置结构示意图之二。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供一种随机接入方法及装置，以期在网络升级等原因导致终端设备无法解码SIB1消息时能够顺利接入网络。其中，方法和装置是基于相同或相似技术构思的，由于方法及装置解决问题的原理相似，因此装置与方法的实施可以相互参见，重复之处不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的通信方法可以应用于第四代(4th generation，4G)通信系统，例如长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)，也可以应用于第五代(5th generation，5G)通信系统，例如5G新空口(new radio，NR)，也可以应用于未来演进的各种通信系统，例如第六代(6th generation，6G)通信系统、或者空天海地一体化通信系统。可理解的，本申请实施例描述的系统架构和应用场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并 不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定。
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
图1是本申请的实施例应用的通信系统1000的架构示意图。如图1所示，该通信系统包括无线接入网100和核心网200，可选的，通信系统1000还可以包括互联网300。其中，无线接入网100可以包括至少一个无线接入网设备(如图1中的110a和110b)，还可以包括至少一个终端(如图1中的120a-120j)。终端通过无线的方式与无线接入网设备相连，无线接入网设备通过无线或有线方式与核心网连接。核心网设备与无线接入网设备可以是独立的不同的物理设备，也可以是将核心网设备的功能与无线接入网设备的逻辑功能集成在同一个物理设备上，还可以是一个物理设备上集成了部分核心网设备的功能和部分的无线接入网设备的功能。终端和终端之间以及无线接入网设备和无线接入网设备之间可以通过有线或无线的方式相互连接。图1只是示意图，该通信系统中还可以包括其它网络设备，如还可以包括无线中继设备和无线回传设备，在图1中未画出。
无线接入网设备可以是基站(base station)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNodeB)、发送接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、第五代(5th generation，5G)移动通信系统中的下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、第六代(6th generation，6G)移动通信系统中的下一代基站、未来移动通信系统中的基站或WiFi系统中的接入节点等；也可以是完成基站部分功能的模块或单元，例如，可以是集中式单元(central unit，CU)，也可以是分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)。这里的CU完成基站的无线资源控制协议和分组数据汇聚层协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)的功能，还可以完成业务数据适配协议(service data adaptation protocol，SDAP)的功能；DU完成基站的无线链路控制层和介质访问控制(medium access control，MAC)层的功能，还可以完成部分物理层或全部物理层的功能，有关上述各个协议层的具体描述，可以参考第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)的相关技术规范。无线接入网设备可以是宏基站(如图1中的110a)，也可以是微基站或室内站(如图1中的110b)，还可以是中继节点或施主节点等。本申请的实施例对无线接入网设备所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。为了便于描述，下文以基站作为无线接入网设备的例子进行描述。
终端也可以称为终端设备、用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动台、移动终端等。终端可以广泛应用于各种场景，例如，设备到设备(device-to-device，D2D)、车物(vehicle to everything，V2X)通信、机器类通信(machine-type communication，MTC)、物联网(internet of things，IOT)、虚拟现实、增强现实、工业控制、自动驾驶、远程医疗、智能电网、智能家具、智能办公、智能穿戴、智能交通、智慧城市等。终端可以是手机、平板电脑、带无线收发功能的电脑、可穿戴设备、车辆、无人机、直升机、飞机、轮船、机器人、机械臂、智能家居设备等。本申请的实施例对终端所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。
基站和终端可以是固定位置的，也可以是可移动的。基站和终端可以部署在陆地上，包括室内或室外、手持或车载；也可以部署在水面上；还可以部署在空中的飞机、气球和人造卫星上。本申请的实施例对基站和终端的应用场景不做限定。
基站和终端的角色可以是相对的，例如，图1中的直升机或无人机120i可以被配置成移动基站，对于那些通过120i接入到无线接入网100的终端120j来说，终端120i是基站；但对于基站110a来说，120i是终端，即110a与120i之间是通过无线空口协议进行通信的。当然，110a与120i之间也可以是通过基站与基站之间的接口协议进行通信的，此时，相对 于110a来说，120i也是基站。因此，基站和终端都可以统一称为通信装置，图1中的110a和110b可以称为具有基站功能的通信装置，图1中的120a-120j可以称为具有终端功能的通信装置。
在本申请的实施例中，基站的功能也可以由基站中的模块(如芯片)来执行，也可以由包含有基站功能的控制子系统来执行。这里的包含有基站功能的控制子系统可以是智能电网、工业控制、智能交通、智慧城市等上述应用场景中的控制中心。终端的功能也可以由终端中的模块(如芯片或调制解调器)来执行，也可以由包含有终端功能的装置来执行。本申请在描述具体通信方法时，以实现基站功能的设备为网络设备为例进行描述，以实现终端功能的设备为终端设备为例进行描述。
上述内容阐述了本申请实施例的系统架构和可能的应用场景，为更好地理解本申请实施例的技术方案，下面介绍一下本申请实施例涉及的术语或概念。
在5G NR无线通信中，整个频谱包括频率范围1(frequency range 1，FR1)和频率范围2(frequency range 2，FR2)两部分：FR1即5G的主频段，又称为Sub-6G频段，频率范围一般在6GHz以下；FR2即5G的扩展频段，又称为毫米波频段，通常也称之为5G高频。5G NR的频谱划分可以如图2所示。
FR1和FR2只是5G NR频谱划分的两个大的范围，3GPP充分考虑当前世界各国的频谱资源使用情况和未来规划，将FR1和FR2的频谱资源划分若干个频段，频段也可以称为频带(band)，频段的划分使得各国在部署自己的5G网络时，可以根据自身的可用频谱情况来选择合适的频段。
频谱部署还与双工方式有关。5G中的双工模式包括TDD和FDD。如图3a所示，当网络设备和终端设备的上行和下行通信采用相同的频率资源，只是以时域资源来区分，称之为时分双工TDD。如图3b所示，当网络设备和终端设备的上行和下行通信采用不同的频率资源，称之为频分双工FDD。
5G NR将频谱资源划分为若干个频段，并采用“n+数字”的形式进行编号。从频谱划分的角度，每个频段的双工模式是明确的。
FR1的频段划分如表1所示。
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000001
表1
需要注意的是，n24band中的下行链路操作限制在1526–1536MHz，上行链路操作限制在1627.5–1637.5MHz和1646.5–1656.5MHz。
FR2的频段划分如表2所示。
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000002
表2
基于表1和表2所示的FR1和FR2中频段的划分及频段对应的双工模式，以下介绍TDD和FDD的特点。
特点1：对于FR1和FR2中双工模式为TDD的频段，部署在该频段上的小区的上行载波和下行载波的中心频率对齐，且上行载波和下行载波的带宽相同，即终端设备的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽对称，带宽对称可以理解为带宽相同。特点1可以通过图4表示。
对于band n50，终端设备的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽可以对称，也可以不相同。如果不对称，则符合TDD非对称UL和DL信道带宽组合的定义，该定义如表3所示。
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000003
表3
特点2：对于FR1中的双工模式为FDD的频段，部署在该频段上的小区的上行载波和下行载波的中心频率不对齐。上行载波和下行载波的带宽可以是对称的，对于特定的band，其上行载波和下行载波的带宽也可以是不对称的。不对称的示例参照图5所示。
特点2-1：当FDD频段的上下行信道带宽对称时，上行载波和下行载波的中心频率之间的间隔是协议预定义的，上行载波和下行载波的中心频率之间的间隔也可以称为默认TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔(TX–RX carrier centre frequency separation)。TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔如表4所示。
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000004
表4
特点2-2：当FDD频段的上下行信道带宽非对称时，工作带宽和支持的非对称信道带宽组合如下表5所示。
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000005
表5
基于上述系统架构、频谱划分、双工模式及对应的特点的描述，下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
如图6所示，本申请提供的随机接入方法的流程如下所述。
S601.终端设备接收SSB。
网络设备广播SSB，对应地，终端设备接收来自网络设备的SSB。
终端设备可以根据同步栅格或先验信息扫描SSB，根据SSB获取小区标识等相关信息，并进行下行同步。可选的，SSB在时域上包括4个符号，在频域上包括240个连续的子载波(即20个资源块(resource block，RB))。
S602.终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置。
S603.终端设备基于随机接入时机发起随机接入。
其中，随机接入时机包括根据随机接入时机的频域位置确定的频域资源。也可以认为，随机接入时机是根据S602中的随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。
图6实施例的方法，通过根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，并基于随机接入时机发起随机接入，能够在网络升级时，终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的情况下，也可以确定随机接入时机的频域位置，并发起随机接入，成功接入网络或小区。该方案可以解决终端设备接入网络的兼容性问题，在终端设备或网络任何一方出现兼容性错误时，能够使得终端设备和网络能够回退到一种不影响接入过程的配置下继续进行通信，这种通信模式可以称为安全模式或鲁棒兼容模式。终端设备通过鲁棒兼容模式或安全模式接入网络后，可以进行升级或错误修复等过程，保证终端设备后续可以正常接入网络。
如果频域上只有一个随机接入时机(即频分复用的随机接入时机)，记为第一随机接入时机，则S602中终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定第一随机接入时机的频域位置，S603中终端设备基于第一随机接入时机发起随机接入。
如果频域上包括多个随机接入时机(即频分复用的随机接入时机)，则可以理解为：S602中终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定第一随机接入时机的频域位置，再根据第一随机接入时机的频域位置确定出多个随机接入时机的频域位置，例如第一随机接入时机的频域位置为起始，向高频方向或低频方向偏移多个频域单元得到多个随机接入时机的频域位置。S603中终端设备基于随机接入时机发起随机接入，可以是指终端设备根据SSB与随机接入时机之间的映射关系选择一个随机接入时机，并在选择的随机接入时机上发起随机接入。可以理解的是，此时终端设备选择的随机接入时机并不一定是根据SSB的频域位置确定频域位置的第一随机接入时机。其中，SSB与随机接入时机之间的映射关系可以是协议预定义的。
如果频域上包括多个随机接入时机，也可以理解为：S602中终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，也可以理解为终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定出多个随机接入时机的频域位置，具体确定方式可以是先确定第一随机接入时机的频域位置，再根据第一随机接入时机的频域位置确定出多个随机接入时机的频域位置。S603中终端设备基于随机接入时机发起随机接入，可以是指根据S602中确定的多个随机接入时机的频域位置，根据SSB与随机接入时机之间的映射关系选择一个随机接入时机，并在选择的随机接入时机上发起随机接入。类似地，选择发起随机接入的随机接入时机并不一定是第一随机接入时机。
根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，在终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的基础上，也可以确定随机接入时机的频域位置，并发起随机接入，成功接入网络或小区。
随机接入过程可以有不同的实现方法。例如，随机接入过程可以包括4步随机接入过程，具体地，终端设备在随机接入时机上向网络设备发送随机接入前导码(preamble)，网络设备向终端设备返回随机接入响应(random access response，RAR)，终端设备向网络设备发送消息3(Msg3)，消息3可以为无线资源控制(Radio Resource Control，RRC)建立请求消息或RRC恢复请求消息等。网络设备向终端设备发送消息4，消息4可以是竞争解决消息，消息4中可以包括竞争解决标识。又例如，随机接入过程还可以包括2步随机接入过程，具体为，终端向网络设备发送消息A(msgA)，网络设备向终端发送消息B，其中，消息A由两个部分组成，如消息A由物理随机接入信道(physical random access channel，PRACH)发送的前导码和PUSCH信道发送的消息组成。终端设备和网络设备通过两步消息的收发完成随机接入过程。
基于此，本申请实施例中终端设备可以在PRACH资源上向网络设备发送前导码。对于2步随机接入过程来说，为方便描述，msgA占用的时频资源可以描述为两部分，其中前导码占用的资源为PRACH时频资源(或PRACH资源)，PUSCH占用的资源为PUSCH时频资源(或PUSCH资源)。一般来说在PUSCH资源中的指定符号上发送DMRS。
图6实施例中S602的随机接入时机即PRACH资源，S602的随机接入时机的频域位置即PRACH资源的频域位置。PRACH资源可以用PRACH传输时机(RACH occasion，RO)来表示。一个RO代表一块用于传输前导码的时频资源，在频域上包括一个或者多个子载波，或者一个RO在频域上包括一个或多个资源块(RB)。一个RO在时域上包括一个或多个时域符号。结合图6实施例的S602和S603，以随机接入时机为PRACH资源进行描述。对于四步随机接入，终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定PRACH资源的频域位置，终端设备基于PRACH资源发起随机接入，例如，在PRACH资源上发送随机接入前导码，PRACH资源包括根据PRACH的频域位置确定的频域资源。对于两步随机接入，终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定PRACH资源的频域位置，终端设备基于PRACH资源发起随机接入，例如，在PRACH资源上发送随机接入前导码，PRACH资源包括根据PRACH的频域位置确定的频域资源。在确定了PRACH资源之后，可以通过PRACH资源确定对应的PUSCH资源，例如，PUSCH资源在PRACH资源的固定数量的时隙/符号后，或者，PUSCH资源与PRACH资源之间有固定数量的RB间隔。
下面介绍如何确定随机接入时机。随机接入时机包括频域资源和时域资源两个维度的资源。
随机接入时机的时域资源可以包括时域周期、起始符号和持续符号数，随机接入时机的时域资源可以是协议预定义的，例如协议规定随机接入时机的周期，起始符号所在的无线帧标识、子帧标识、时隙标识和符号标识，以及持续符号数。或者随机接入时机的时域资源是根据SSB的时域资源确定，例如随机接入时机的时域周期是根据SSB的初始接入周期(例如20ms)确定的。又例如，随机接入时机的起始符号为SSB的时域资源后的W个符号，W为大于或等于0的整数。当随机接入时机的起始符号为SSB的时域资源后的W个符号时，SSB与随机接入时机之间的映射关系为：在时域上SSB与随机接入时机存在映射关系，此时若给定时域上有多个随机接入时机，则可以随机选择或根据预定义规则选择时域上的随机接入时机。其中，该预定义规则可以包括SSB与随机接入时机之间的映射关系，例如，一个SSB与一个或多个随机接入时机具有映射关系，又例如，一个随机接入时机与一个或多个SSB具有映射关系。
随机接入时机的频域资源可以包括随机接入时机的频域位置和随机接入时机包含的频域单元。随机接入时机在频域上可以包括第二数量的频域单元。
第二数量用X表示，X为正整数。例如X的取值可以是2、3、6、或12。随机接入资源用RO表示，那么，一个RO包括X个频域单元。第二数量的取值可以是协议预定义的，也可以是网络配置的，如果是网络配置的，例如可以在MIB或PBCH中配置第二数量的取值。如果频域上包括多个RO，则多个RO包括的RB数量可以根据一个RO包括的RB数量得到。
本申请实施例中频域单元可以是RB，也可以是子载波(subCarrier)。在实施例的描述中，频域单元以RB作为举例。
随机接入时机的频域位置可以根据SSB的频域位置确定。以下给出终端设备根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入资源的频域位置的可选实现方式，包括方式一、方式二和方式三。
终端设备扫描同步栅格，确定SSB所在频率或SSB的频域位置。SSB所在频率可以理解为SSB的中心频率，可选地可以通过SSB所在频率确定SSB的频域位置。在确定SSB的频域位置的基础上，可以通过以下可选的方式确定随机接入时机的频域位置。
方式一：随机接入时机的频域位置与SSB的频域位置之间的间隔为第一数量的频域单元。第一数量用M表示，M为大于或等于0的整数。第一数量的取值可以是协议预定义的，也可以是网络配置的，如果是网络配置的，例如可以在MIB或PBCH中配置第一数量的取值。
随机接入时机的频域位置是指随机接入时机所在频率范围内的某一个频率，SSB的频域位置也可以是指SSB所在频率范围内的某一个频率。随机接入资源的频域位置是根据SSB的频域位置确定的。随机接入时机的频域位置可以在SSB的频域位置之前或之后的M个频域单元上。需要说明的是，随机接入时机的频域位置可以在SSB的频域位置之前或之后可以是协议预定义的，也可以是网络配置的。如果是网络配置的，网络设备可以通过1比特来指示随机接入时机的频域位置在SSB频域位置之前(向低频方向)或之后(向高频方向)，具体地，可以通过该1比特取值来指示，例如，当该比特取值置为“1”时，表示随机接入时机的频域位置在SSB频域位置之前，反之，当该比特取值置为“0”时，表示随机接入时机的频域位置在SSB频域位置之后。
随机接入时机的频域位置可以是以下任意一项：随机接入时机的频域起始位置、随机接入时机的频域终止位置或随机接入时机的中心频率。SSB的频域位置可以是以下任意一项：SSB的频域起始位置、SSB的频域终止位置或SSB的中心频率。
例如：随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的终止频域位置之间间隔M个RB；或者，随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的中心频率之间间隔M个RB；或者，随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率之间间隔M个RB；或者，随机接入时机的终止频域位置与SSB的终止频域位置之间间隔M个RB；或者，随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的起始频域位置之间间隔M个RB；或者，随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的中心频率之间间隔M个RB；或者随机接入时机的终止频域位置与SSB的中心频率之间间隔M个RB；或者，随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的起始频域位置之间间隔M个RB；或者，随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的终止频域位置之间间隔M个RB。
下面通过示意图举例说明基于方式一确定随机接入时机的频域位置的方法。在示意图中随机接入时机用RO表示。
在一个实施例中，终端设备根据SSB的频域终止位置确定随机接入时机的起始频域位置。例如：随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的终止频域位置之间间隔M个RB。如图7a示意，当M＝0时，随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的终止频域位置对齐；如图7b示意，当M大于0时，随机接入时机的起始频域位置在SSB的终止频域位置之后M个RB处；如图7c所示，当M大于0时，随机接入时机的起始频域位置还可以在SSB的终止频域位置之前M个RB处。
在另一个实施例中，终端设备根据SSB的中心频率确定随机接入时机的起始频域位置。例如：随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的中心频率之间间隔M个RB。如图8a所示，当M＝0时，随机接入时机的起始频域位置与SSB的中心频率对齐；如图8b所示，当M大于0时，随机接入时机的起始频域位置在SSB的中心频率之后M个RB处，当然随机接入时机的起始频域位置也可以在SSB的中心频率之前M个RB处，附图以之后的情况进行示意。类似地，当频域上有超过一个频分复用的随机接入时机时，可以根据第一随机接入时机确定其他随机接入时机的频域位置。
在又一个实施例中，终端设备根据SSB的中心频率确定随机接入时机的中心频率。例如：随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率之间间隔M个RB。如图9a所示，当M＝0时，随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率对齐；如图9b所示，当M大于0时，随机接入时机的中心频率在SSB的中心频率之后M个RB处，当然随机接入时机的中心频率也可以在SSB的中心频率之前M个RB处，附图以之后的情况进行示意。
需要说明的是，如果频域上只有一个随机接入时机，记为第一随机接入时机，方式一用于确定第一随机接入时机的频域位置。如果频域上有超过一个频分复用(FDMed)的随机接入时机，则可以根据方式一确定第一随机接入时机，再根据第一随机接入时机确定其他随机接入时机的频域位置。例如：第一随机接入时机的频域位置开始向高频方向或低频方向依次偏移，直到确定其他随机接入时机的频域位置。举例来说，随机接入时机为RO，一个RO包括2个RB，频域上包括3个RO，根据方式一确定第一RO，以第一RO开始向高频方向或向低频方向分别偏移2个RB和4个RB，得到另外2个RO的频域位置，从而确定出这3个RO的频域位置。基于图7a～图7c的示例，以图7b为例，在图7b的基础上，已经确定了一个RO的位置，如图7d所示，向高频方向依次偏移2个RO即4个RB，得到最终的3个RO的频域位置。以图8b为例，在图8b的基础上，已经确定了一个RO的位置，如图8c所示，向高频方向依次偏移2个RB和4个RB，得到最终的3个RO的频域位置。以图9b为例，在图9b的基础上，已经确定了一个RO的位置，如图9c所示，向高频方向依次偏移2个RB和4个RB，得到最终的3个RO的频域位置。为方便示意，图7d、图8c和图9c示意了3个连续的RO，可以理解的是，多个RO之间可以连续也可以不连续的，当多个RO之间不连续时，相邻RO之间可以间隔固定的频域单元。频域上包括的RO数量可以是预定义的或者MIB中配置的。
基于方式一确定随机接入时机的频域位置的其它方法不再一一画图示意，可以参考上述举例得到。方式一可以适用于时分双工(TDD)的双工模式下，即SSB所在频段的双工模式为TDD。在TDD模式下，当上行载波带宽(上行信道带宽)与下行载波带宽(下行信道带宽)相等时，可以通过下行载波上的SSB对应确定上行载波上的随机接入时机的频域位置。此时终端不需要任何上行载波的先验信息。
方式二：随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率相等。或随机接入时机的频域位 置中心频率与SSB的中心频率对齐。或随机接入时机的频域位置中心频率与SSB的中心频率重合。
方式二可以类似于方式一中随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率之间间隔M个RB且M＝0的情况。方式二可以参考图9a所示，随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率对齐。
基于方式二，举例来说，X＝2，一个RO包括2个RB。如图9a所示，随机接入时机一个RO的中心频率与SSB的中心频率相等，随机接入资源的频域资源为以SSB的中心频率为中心频率的、且包含2个RB的频域资源。
类似地，如果频域上有超过一个频分复用的随机接入时机，则可以根据方式二确定第一随机接入时机，再根据第一随机接入时机确定其他随机接入时机的频域位置。
方式二可以适用于时分双工(TDD)的双工模式下，即SSB和随机接入资源时机所在频段的双工模式为TDD。可选地，频段或小区的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽相等。当上行载波带宽(上行信道带宽)与下行载波带宽(下行信道带宽)相等时，可以通过下行载波上的SSB对应确定上行载波上的随机接入时机的频域位置。此时终端设备不需要任何上行载波的先验信息。
在TDD模式下，随机接入时机(即RO)的时域资源为上行，SSB的时域资源为下行，上行和下行需要在时域上不重叠。即，RO所占的符号与SSB所占符号不重叠。基于此，随机接入时机位于半帧的最后Y个符号内，此处随机接入时机位于的半帧记为第一半帧，Y为正整数，第一半帧为SSB所在半帧，或者第一半帧为SSB所在半帧之后的第N个半帧，N为正整数；或者第一半帧可以跟SSB所在半帧无关，第一半帧可以是根据RO的时域周期确定的，RO的时域周期可以是预定义的，这时RO的时域周期与SSB的时域周期可能无关，此时N不是一个固定值。如图10所示，半帧是指一个系统帧内的前5个子帧(半帧0)或后5个子帧(半帧1)，每个子帧包括多个符号。需要说明的是，随机接入时机位于第一半帧的最后Y个符号内，随机接入时机占用的符号数可以小于或等于Y个，如果随机接入时机占用符号数小于Y个，则随机接入时机占用半帧的最后Y个符号中的y个符号，其中y大于0且小于等于Y。为Y取值为2为例，随机接入时机占用半帧的最后2个符号中的1个或2个符号，例如，随机接入时机可以占用半帧倒数第15和第14个符号。在随机接入时机位于半帧的最后Y个符号内的情况下，当确定第一个随机接入时机时，后续随机接入时机可以根据随机接入时机的周期确定。
对于不同的子载波间隔(sub-carrier spacing，SCS)，每半帧中包含的符号数，SSB占用的可能的起始符号数、以及半帧最后剩余的符号之间对应关系如表6所示。表6指示SSB占用的第一个符号，每个SSB占用4个符号，例如，4个SSB的情况为(2,8,16,22)，(2,8,16,22)分别表示4个SSB中的第一个符号，4个SSB分别占用符号为：2～5,8～11,16～19，22～25。其中半帧最后剩余的符号可以理解为没有被SSB占用的符号，表6中半帧最后剩余的符号举例中省略号表示连续的符号，也可以用“～”表示，例如，(26…69)表示26～69共44个符号。
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000007
表6
从表6可以看出，不同SCS下，SSB占用符号是不同的，半帧随后剩余的符号数也是不同的。在一个可能的设计中，对于不同的SCS分别规定随机接入时机所占用的半帧的符号，即针对不同的SCS分别设置Y值，可以根据不同SCS对应的半帧随后剩余的符号数设置Y值，Y值表示随机接入时机位于半帧的最后Y个符号。基于表6，如表7所示，针对不同SCS分别设置的Y值。
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000009
表7
如表7所示，例如当SCS＝15kHz，且SSB的个数为4时，半帧最后剩余的符号为(26…69)，共44个符号，设置的Y值为44，当然Y值也可以设置为小于44的值。又例如，当SCS＝30kHz，且SSB个数为8时，半帧最后剩余的符号为(52…139)或(54…139)，共88或86个符号，设置的Y值为88或86，当然Y值也可以设置为小于88或86的值。
从表7可以看出，不同SCS下SSB所在半帧的剩余符号最少为16个，Y值最小为16，基于此，可以通过协议规定随机接入时机的符号位于半帧的最后16个符号中，随机接入时机的符号可以是半帧的最后16个符号中的部分或全部，例如，随机接入时机的符号是半帧内倒数第15个和第14个符号。在随机接入时机的符号是半帧的最后16个符号中的部分的情况下，可以通过协议预定义随机接入时机的符号对应半帧的最后16个符号中的哪些部分。
随机接入资源占用半帧的Y个符号的设置方式可以是协议预先规定的，也可以是网络侧通知给终端设备的。
在频分双工(FDD)的双工模式下，即SSB所在频段的双工模式为FDD时，可以采用下述方式三。
方式三：随机接入资源的中心频率根据SSB的中心频率、以及预设频率间隔确定。例如，SSB的中心频率向前偏移预设频率间隔的位置为随机接入时机的中心频率；又例如，SSB的中心频率向后偏移预设频率间隔的位置为随机接入时机的中心频率。
该预设频率间隔可以是TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔(TX–RX carrier centre frequency separation)。其中，TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔可以是协议预定义的，例如可以如上述表4所示。
在一个实施例中，随机接入时机的中心频率与SSB的中心频率之间的差值为该预设频率间隔。随机接入时机的中心频率符合下述公式：
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000010
其中，F RO即随机接入时机的中心频率，
Figure PCTCN2022122671-appb-000011
为终端设备扫描确定的SSB的中心频率，F Tx-Rx_separation即TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔，TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔可以简称为中心频域间隔。随机接入资源的中心频率与SSB的中心频率之间的差值为TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔，可以是随机接入时机的中心频率在SSB的中心频率之后偏移中心频域间隔的位置，也可以是随机接入时机的中心频率在SSB的中心频率之前偏移中心频域间隔的位置。如图11所示，示意了随机接入资源的中心频率在SSB的中心频率之后偏移中心频域间隔的位置。
在FDD的模式下，针对不同的band，上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽相等时，TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔是预先定义好的。随机接入资源的中心频率与SSB的中心频率之间的差值为TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔，由于上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽相等，因此能保证随机接入资源的中心频率在上行载波范围内，终端设备不需要任何载波的先验信息。
需要说明的是，小区的工作频带为band n24时，band n24对应的TX信道到RX信道的载波中心频率间隔有两个取值。针对band n24，终端设备可以根据先验信息确定n24对 应的两个预设频率间隔的其中一个或两个，并根据确定的预设频率间隔确定随机接入时机的中心频率。例如，终端设备根据先验信息确定该终端设备在两个取值中的某一个取值对应的UL频率上工作过，则终端设备选择先验信息确定的中心频率间隔。如果终端设备根据先验信息确定在两个取值对应的UL频率上都工作过，则终端设备任意选择一个中心频率间隔。
类似地，当频域上有超过一个频分复用的随机接入时机时，可以根据方式三确定第一随机接入时机的频域位置，根据第一随机接入时机确定其他随机接入时机的频域位置。
基于方式三的同一技术构思，可以扩展为如下方案：随机接入时机的频域位置根据SSB的频域位置以及预设频率间隔确定。随机接入时机的频域位置和SSB的频域位置可以参照方式一中的描述。随机接入时机的频域位置可以是随机接入时机的频域起始位置、随机接入时机的频域终止位置或随机接入时机的中心频率中的任意一项。SSB的频域位置可以是SSB的频域起始位置、SSB的频域终止位置或SSB的中心频率中的任意一项。基于此，与方式三类似的实现方式举例如下：随机接入时机的起始频域位置根据SSB的起始频域位置以及预设频率间隔确定；随机接入时机的起始频域位置根据SSB的终止频域位置以及预设频率间隔确定；随机接入时机的起始频域位置根据SSB的中心频率以及预设频率间隔确定；随机接入时机的中心频率根据SSB的起始频域位置以及预设频率间隔确定。随机接入时机的频域位置和SSB的频域位置的更多可能的组合方式不再一一举例。
上述方式一～方式三举例说明了如何根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置。
上述方式一和方式二在应用于TDD的双工模式的场景时，TDD符合上述特点1，但是对于band n50，终端设备的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽可以对称，也可以不相同。对于band n50，当终端设备的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽对称时，可以采用上述方式一或方式二确定随机接入时机的频域位置。
若终端设备的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽不对称，则终端设备的上行信道带宽为60MHz，下行信道带宽为80MHz。这种情况下，也可以采用方式一或方式二定随机接入时机的频域位置，但是，由于下行信道带宽比上行信道带宽大，因此可能SSB的频域位置落在下行带宽比上行带宽多出的部分里，这样，无法基于SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置。基于此，本申请实施例还提供一种随机接入方法，如图12所示，该随机接入方法的流程如下所述。
S1201.终端设备确定随机接入时机的频域位置，随机接入时机的频域位置位于第一频率范围内。
其中，第一频率范围的起始位置为1457MHz，第一频率范围的终止位置为1492MHz。
S1202.终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
图12实施例，终端设备确定随机接入资源的频域位置，随机接入资源的频域位置在第一频率范围内。第一频率范围可以是协议预定义的，也可以是网络设备通知给终端设备的。第一频率范围在1457MHz和1492MHz之间。例如，协议可以规定band n50或对应小区的随机接入时机的中心频率为1480MHz。该实施例可以针对于band n50的工作带宽，band n50的工作频率范围为1432MHz–1517MHz，终端设备的上行信道带宽为60MHz。如图13所示，在工作频率范围为1432MHz–1517MHz内，以1432MHz为起点向上延伸60MHz的带宽得到一个频率范围，以1517MHz为终点向下延伸60MHz的带宽得到一个 频率范围，两个频率范围的交叠频率范围为1457MHz-1492MHz。终端设备的上行信道频率一定会落在两个频率范围的交叠区域内。因此，将第一频率范围设置为1457MHz和1492MHz之间，随机接入时机的频域位置应设置在第一频率范围内，才能保证随机接入时机的频域位置在上行信道带宽内。
随机接入时机的频域位置可以是以下任意一种：随机接入时机的频域起始位置、随机接入时机的频域终止位置或随机接入时机的中心频率。
图12实施例中，可以适用于小区的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽不相等的TDD通信场景。在S1201之前，终端设备还可以确定小区的上行信道带宽和所述小区的下行信道带宽不相等。
图12实施例中，虽然小区的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽不相等，但是在TDD模式下，上行和下行需要在时域上不重叠。基于此，随机接入时机占用SSB所在半帧的后Y个符号，Y为正整数。随机接入时机占用SSB所在半帧的后Y个符号的方案可以参照上述方式二中的描述，在此不予赘述。
上述方式三在应用于FDD的双工模式的场景时，FDD符合上述特点2以及特点2-1，即：对于FR1中的双工模式为FDD的频段，部署在该频段上的小区的上行载波和下行载波的中心频率不对齐，上行载波和下行载波的带宽是对称的。当上行载波和下行载波的带宽是对称时，可以采用上述方式三确定随机接入时机的频域位置。
但是，对于特定的band，例如band n66/70/71/91/92/93/94，其上行载波和下行载波的带宽也可以是不对称的，基于这种场景，本申请实施例还提供一种随机接入方法，如图14所示，该随机接入方法的流程如下所述。
S1401.终端设备根据小区的上行载波的频率和偏移值，确定随机接入时机的频域位置。偏移值可以记为第一偏移值。
随机接入时机的频域位置可以是随机接入时机的频域起始位置，也可以是随机接入时机的频域终止位置，也可以是随机接入时机的中心频率。
S1402.终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
图14实施例中，上行载波的频率可以是上行载波的最低频率，也可以是上行载波的中心频率，也可以是上行载波的最高频率。终端设备若在上述特定的band的载波或小区工作过，则终端设备可以根据先验信息确定上行载波和下行载波的信息，这样，终端设备可以根据先验信息确定小区的上行载波的频率。
若上行载波的频率为上行载波的最低频率，随机接入时机的频域位置可以是上行载波的最低频率与第一偏移值的和，即上行载波的最低频率向上偏移第一偏移值的频率。
若上行载波的频率为上行载波的中心频率，随机接入时机的频域位置可以是上行载波的中心频率与第一偏移值的和，这种情况下，第一偏移值可以是正也可以是负。当第一偏移值为正时，随机接入时机的频域位置为上行载波的中心频率向上偏移第一偏移值的频率；当第一偏移值为负时，随机接入时机的频域位置为上行载波的中心频率向下偏移第一偏移值的频率。或者，第一偏移值始终为一个正值，则随机接入时机的频域位置可以是上行载波的中心频率与第一偏移值的和，随机接入时机的频域位置也可以是上行载波的中心频率与第一偏移值的差。
类似地，若上行载波的频率为上行载波的最高频率，随机接入时机的频域位置可以是上行载波的最高频率与第一偏移值的和，这种情况下，第一偏移值可以是正也可以是负。 当第一偏移值为正时，随机接入时机的频域位置为上行载波的最高频率向上偏移第一偏移值的频率；当第一偏移值为负时，随机接入时机的频域位置为上行载波的最高频率向下偏移第一偏移值的频率。或者，第一偏移值始终为一个正值，则随机接入时机的频域位置可以是上行载波的最高频率与第一偏移值的和，随机接入时机的频域位置也可以是上行载波的最高频率与第一偏移值的差。
当然，针对上述上行载波的频率的不同的情况，第一偏移值可以是相同的也可以是不同的。
第一偏移值可以是一个固定值，也可以是根据不同的SCS不同的带宽而分别配置，例如，当SCS＝15kHz且上下行信道带宽分别为5MHz和20MHz时，第一偏移值＝值1；当SCS＝15kHz且上下行信道带宽分别为10MHz和40MHz时，第一偏移值＝值2。
第一偏移值的大小的规定需要考虑到保护带宽。
如图15所示，举例示意了根据小区的上行载波的最低频率和第一偏移值，确定随机接入时机的中心频率。
图12实施例和图14实施例分别介绍了两种方式来确定随机接入时机的频域位置。上文介绍了如何确定随机接入时机，图12实施例和图14实施例中确定随机接入时机的频域位置的方式也可以和上文确定随机接入时机的方法结合，即采用图12实施例和图14实施例中的方法确定随机接入时机的频域位置，并确定随机接入时机的频域资源，采用上文的方法确定随机接入时机的时域资源，从而确定随机接入时机。
下面针对图6、图12和图14实施例中的终端设备基于随机接入时机发起随机接入的可能实现方式进行说明。
终端设备基于随机接入时机的时域资源和频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码。可以对应于随机接入过程中的消息1或消息A。
网络设备接收到随机接入前导码后，向终端设备发送RAR。终端设备接收网络设备的RAR。其中，终端设备接收RAR时，需要在RAR窗口内监听物理下行控制信道(physical downlink control channel，PDCCH)，PDCCH中可以携带RAR的调度信息。
RAR窗口可以是SIB1中指示的，在终端设备无法正确接收SIB1的情况下，本申请实施例可以定义RAR窗口的确定方式。可选的，RAR窗口的起始点可以是协议预定义的，例如，RAR窗口的起始点为随机接入时机的时域资源最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。RAR窗口的长度也可以是协议预定义的，例如，RAR窗口的长度定义为8个时隙。
RAR的频域可以是CORESET#0，即终端设备在CORESET#0上监听RAR的PDCCH。
终端设备接收RAR可以对应于四步随机接入的消息2。RAR可以指示消息3的上行资源授权(UL grant)。终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向网络设备发送消息3。
消息3的上行资源授权可以是基于初始BWP指示的，初始BWP可以在SIB1中指示，在终端设备无法正确接收SIB1的情况下，本申请实施例可以给出RAR中消息3的上行资源授权的确定方式。
在一个可能的设计中，上行资源授权中包括偏移值，记为第二偏移值。第二偏移值用于确定消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置。第二偏移值可以是消息3的上行资源相对于随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。第二偏移值也可以为消息3的上行资源相对于SSB的频 域位置的偏移值。其中，随机接入时机的频域位置和SSB的频域位置可以根据图6实施例、图12实施例和图14实施例中的方式确定。
上行资源授权还包括消息3的上行资源占用的频域单元的个数，例如上行资源授权包括或指示：消息3的上行资源占用的RB的个数。
在另一个可能的设计中，上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的消息3的上行资源，带宽部分是根据随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。例如，如图16所示，带宽部分为以随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。随机接入时机的中心频率的确定方法可以参考上述图6实施例、图12实施例和图14实施例中的描述。网络设备在指示带宽部分中的消息3的上行资源时，需要保证消息3的上行资源在上行载波内。
本申请实施例中，终端设备随机接入过程中所需要的其它配置参数，也可以是协议预定义的，在终端设备不需要接收和解码SIB1的基础上，也可以确定随机接入过程中的其它配置参数。其它配置参数例如可以是生成前导码所需的根序列、终端设备接收或发送消息的调制阶数。
终端设备根据本申请实施例提供的方法进行随机接入，在进行连接态后，存储该载波的随机接入时机的配置信息，还可以存储随机接入过程所需的其它配置参数，可供后续使用。
需要说明的是，本申请提供的各个实施例可以单独形成本申请需要保护的方案，也可以相互结合形成本申请需要保护的方案。
可以理解的是，为了实现上述实施例中功能，终端设备包括了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本申请中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及方法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件相结合的形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用场景和设计约束条件。
图17和图18为本申请的实施例提供的可能的通信装置的结构示意图。这些通信装置可以用于实现上述方法实施例中终端设备的功能，因此也能实现上述方法实施例所具备的有益效果。在本申请的实施例中，该通信装置可以是如图1所示的终端120a-120j中的一个，还可以是应用于终端的模块(如芯片)。
如图17所示，通信装置1700包括处理单元1710和收发单元1720。通信装置1700用于实现上述图6、图12或图14中所示的方法实施例中终端设备的功能。
当通信装置1700用于实现图6所示的方法实施例中终端设备的功能时：收发单元1720用于接收来自网络设备的SSB；处理单元1710用于根据SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置，以及基于随机接入时机发起随机接入。
当通信装置1700用于实现图12所示的方法实施例中终端设备的功能时：处理单元1710用于确定随机接入时机的频域位置以及用于基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
当通信装置1700用于实现图14所示的方法实施例中终端设备的功能时：处理单元1710用于根据小区的上行载波的频率和偏移值，确定随机接入时机的频域位置，以及基于随机接入时机发起随机接入。
有关上述处理单元1710和收发单元1720更详细的描述可以直接参考图6、图12和图14所示的方法实施例中相关描述直接得到，这里不加赘述。
如图18所示，通信装置1800包括处理器1810和接口电路1820。处理器1810和接口 电路1820之间相互耦合。可以理解的是，接口电路1820可以为收发器或输入输出接口。可选的，通信装置1800还可以包括存储器1830，用于存储处理器1810执行的指令或存储处理器1810运行指令所需要的输入数据或存储处理器1810运行指令后产生的数据。
当通信装置1800用于实现图6、图12和图14所示的方法时，处理器1810用于实现上述处理单元1710的功能，接口电路1820用于实现上述收发单元1720的功能。
当上述通信装置为应用于终端设备的芯片时，该终端设备的芯片实现上述方法实施例中终端设备的功能。该终端设备的芯片从终端设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)接收信息，该信息是网络设备发送给终端设备的；或者，该终端设备的芯片向终端设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)发送信息，该信息是终端设备发送给网络设备的。
当上述通信装置为应用于网络设备的模块时，网络设备模块实现上述方法实施例中网络设备的功能。该网络设备模块从网络设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)接收信息，该信息是终端发送给网络设备的；或者，该网络设备模块向网络设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)发送信息，该信息是网络设备发送给终端的。这里的网络设备模块可以是网络设备的基带芯片，也可以是DU或其他模块，这里的DU可以是开放式无线接入网(open radio access network，O-RAN)架构下的DU。
可以理解的是，本申请的实施例中的处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。
本申请的实施例中的方法步骤可以通过硬件的方式来实现，也可以由处理器执行软件指令的方式来实现。软件指令可以由相应的软件模块组成，软件模块可以被存放于随机存取存储器、闪存、只读存储器、可编程只读存储器、可擦除可编程只读存储器、电可擦除可编程只读存储器、寄存器、硬盘、移动硬盘、CD-ROM或者本领域熟知的任何其它形式的存储介质中。一种示例性的存储介质耦合至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息。当然，存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC中。另外，该ASIC可以位于基站或终端中。当然，处理器和存储介质也可以作为分立组件存在于基站或终端中。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序或指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序或指令时，全部或部分地执行本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、网络设备、用户设备或者其它可编程装置。所述计算机程序或指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机程序或指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线或无线方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是集成一个或多个可用介质的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带；也可以是光介质，例如，数字视频光盘；还可以是半导体介质，例如，固态硬盘。该计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性或非易失性存储介质，或可包括易失性和非易 失性两种类型的存储介质。
在本申请的各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。
可以理解的是，在本申请的实施例中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请的实施例的范围。上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。

Claims (73)

  1. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端设备接收同步广播信号块SSB；
    所述终端设备根据所述SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置；
    所述终端设备基于随机接入时机发起随机接入，所述随机接入时机包括根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的频域资源。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的频域位置与所述SSB的频域位置之间的间隔为第一数量的频域单元；
    其中，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率；所述SSB的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述SSB的频域起始位置、所述SSB的频域终止位置、或所述SSB的中心频率。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率与所述SSB的中心频率相等。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机位于第一半帧的后Y个符号，Y为正整数，所述第一半帧为所述SSB所在半帧，或者所述第一半帧为所述SSB所在半帧之后的第N个半帧，所述N为正整数。
  5. 如权利要求2～4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述SSB所在频段的双工模式为时分双工。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率根据所述SSB的中心频率、以及预设频率间隔确定。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率与所述SSB的中心频率之间的差值为所述预设频率间隔。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述SSB所在频段的双工模式为频分双工，所述SSB所在频段的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽相等。
  9. 如权利要求1～8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机在频域上包括第二数量的频域单元。
  10. 如权利要求1～9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的子载波间隔为所述SSB的子载波间隔；或者，所述随机接入时机的子载波间隔为所述SSB对应的主信息块MIB指示的子载波间隔。
  11. 如权利要求1～10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的时域周期根据所述SSB的初始接入周期确定。
  12. 如权利要求1～11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机还包括时域资源；
    所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入，包括：所述终端设备基于所述时域资源和所述频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码；
    所述方法还包括：所述终端设备基于随机接入响应RAR窗口接收来自所述网络设备的RAR；其中，所述RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权包括偏移值，所述偏移值用于确定所述消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置，所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述SSB的频域位置的偏移值，或者所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述上行资源授权还包括所述消息3的上行资源占用的频域单元的个数。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的所述消息3的上行资源，所述带宽部分是根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述带宽部分为以所述随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。
  17. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端设备确定随机接入时机的频域位置，所述随机接入时机的频域位置位于第一频率范围内，所述第一频率范围的起始位置为1457兆赫兹MHz，所述第一频率范围的终止位置为1492MHz；
    所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备确定小区的上行信道带宽和所述小区的下行信道带宽不相等。
  19. 如权利要求17或18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率。
  20. 如权利要求17～19任一所述的方法，其特征在于，随机接入时机位于同步广播信号块SSB所在半帧的后Y个符号，Y为正整数。
  21. 如权利要求17～20任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机还包括时域资源；
    所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入，包括：所述终端设备基于所述时域资源和所述频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码；
    所述方法还包括：所述终端设备基于随机接入响应RAR窗口接收来自所述网络设备的RAR；其中，所述RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权包括偏移值，所述偏移值用于确定所述消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置，所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述SSB的频域位置的偏移值，或者所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述上行资源授权还包括所述消息3的上行资源占用的频域单元的个数。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的所述消息3的上行资源，所述带宽部分是根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述带宽部分为以所述随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。
  26. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端设备根据小区的上行载波的频率和第一偏移值，确定随机接入时机的频域位置；
    所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率，所述上行载波的频率包括以下任意一项：所述上行载波的最低频率、中心频率、或最高频率。
  28. 如权利要求26或27所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率为所述上行载波的频率与第一偏移值的和。
  29. 如权利要求26～28任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入的小区的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽不相等。
  30. 如权利要求26～29任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机还包括时域资源；
    所述终端设备基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入，包括：所述终端设备基于所述时域资源和所述频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码；
    所述方法还包括：所述终端设备基于随机接入响应RAR窗口接收来自所述网络设备的RAR；其中，所述RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权包括偏移值，所述偏移值用于确定所述消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置，所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述SSB的频域位置的偏移值，或者所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的方法，其特征在于，所述上行资源授权还包括所述消息3的上行资源占用的频域单元的个数。
  33. 如权利要求31所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的所述消息3的上行资源，所述带宽部分是根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的方法，其特征在于，所述带宽部分为以所述随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。
  35. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    通信模块，用于接收同步广播信号块SSB；
    处理模块，用于根据所述SSB的频域位置确定随机接入时机的频域位置；以及用于基于随机接入时机发起随机接入，所述随机接入时机包括根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置 确定的频域资源。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的频域位置与所述SSB的频域位置之间的间隔为第一数量的频域单元；
    其中，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率；所述SSB的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述SSB的频域起始位置、所述SSB的频域终止位置、或所述SSB的中心频率。
  37. 如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率与所述SSB的中心频率相等。
  38. 如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机位于第一半帧的后Y个符号，Y为正整数，所述第一半帧为所述SSB所在半帧，或者所述第一半帧为所述SSB所在半帧之后的第N个半帧，所述N为正整数。
  39. 如权利要求36～38任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述SSB所在频段的双工模式为时分双工。
  40. 如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率根据所述SSB的中心频率、以及预设频率间隔确定。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率与所述SSB的中心频率之间的差值为所述预设频率间隔。
  42. 如权利要求40或41所述的装置，其特征在于，所述SSB所在频段的双工模式为频分双工，所述SSB所在频段的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽相等。
  43. 如权利要求35～42任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机在频域上包括第二数量的频域单元。
  44. 如权利要求35～43任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的子载波间隔为所述SSB的子载波间隔；或者，所述随机接入时机的子载波间隔为所述SSB对应的主信息块MIB指示的子载波间隔。
  45. 如权利要求35～44任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的时域周期根据所述SSB的初始接入周期确定。
  46. 如权利要求35～45任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机还包括时域资源；
    在基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入时，所述处理模块用于：基于所述时域资源和所述频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码；
    所述处理模块还用于：基于随机接入响应RAR窗口接收来自所述网络设备的RAR；其中，所述RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。
  47. 如权利要求46所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权包括偏移值，所述偏移值用于确定所述消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置，所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述SSB的频域位置的偏移值，或者所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的装置，其特征在于，所述上行资源授权还包括所述消息3的 上行资源占用的频域单元的个数。
  49. 如权利要求46所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的所述消息3的上行资源，所述带宽部分是根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。
  50. 如权利要求49所述的装置，其特征在于，所述带宽部分为以所述随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。
  51. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理模块，用于确定随机接入时机的频域位置，所述随机接入时机的频域位置位于第一频率范围内，所述第一频率范围的起始位置为1457兆赫兹MHz，所述第一频率范围的终止位置为1492MHz；以及，用于基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
  52. 如权利要求51所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    确定小区的上行信道带宽和所述小区的下行信道带宽不相等。
  53. 如权利要求51或52所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率。
  54. 如权利要求51～53任一所述的装置，其特征在于，随机接入时机位于同步广播信号块SSB所在半帧的后Y个符号，Y为正整数。
  55. 如权利要求51～54任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机还包括时域资源；
    所述处理模块具体用于：
    基于所述时域资源和所述频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码；
    所述处理模块还用于：
    基于随机接入响应RAR窗口接收来自所述网络设备的RAR；其中，所述RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。
  56. 如权利要求55所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权包括偏移值，所述偏移值用于确定所述消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置，所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述SSB的频域位置的偏移值，或者所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。
  57. 如权利要求56所述的装置，其特征在于，所述上行资源授权还包括所述消息3的上行资源占用的频域单元的个数。
  58. 如权利要求56所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的所述消息3的上行资源，所述带宽部分是根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。
  59. 如权利要求58所述的装置，其特征在于，所述带宽部分为以所述随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。
  60. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理模块，用于根据小区的上行载波的频率和第一偏移值，确定随机接入时机的频域 位置；以及，基于所述随机接入时机发起随机接入。
  61. 如权利要求60所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的频域位置包括以下任意一项：所述随机接入时机的频域起始位置、所述随机接入时机的频域终止位置或所述随机接入时机的中心频率，所述上行载波的频率包括以下任意一项：所述上行载波的最低频率、中心频率、或最高频率。
  62. 如权利要求60或61所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机的中心频率为所述上行载波的频率与第一偏移值的和。
  63. 如权利要求60～62任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入的小区的上行信道带宽和下行信道带宽不相等。
  64. 如权利要求60～63任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述随机接入时机还包括时域资源；
    所述处理模块具体用于：基于所述时域资源和所述频域资源，向网络设备发送随机接入前导码；
    所述处理模块还用于：基于随机接入响应RAR窗口接收来自所述网络设备的RAR；其中，所述RAR窗口的起始点为所述时域资源的最后一个符号后的第P个符号，P为大于或等于0的整数。
  65. 如权利要求64所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权包括偏移值，所述偏移值用于确定所述消息3的上行资源的频域起始位置，所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述SSB的频域位置的偏移值，或者所述偏移值为所述消息3的上行资源相对于所述随机接入时机的频域位置的偏移值。
  66. 如权利要求65所述的装置，其特征在于，所述上行资源授权还包括所述消息3的上行资源占用的频域单元的个数。
  67. 如权利要求65所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    根据所述RAR中的上行资源授权，向所述网络设备发送消息3；所述上行资源授权用于指示带宽部分中的所述消息3的上行资源，所述带宽部分是根据所述随机接入时机的频域位置确定的。
  68. 如权利要求67所述的装置，其特征在于，所述带宽部分为以所述随机接入时机的中心频率为中心的Z个频域单元，Z为正整数。
  69. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器和接口电路，所述接口电路用于接收来自所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置的信号并传输至所述处理器或将来自所述处理器的信号发送给所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置，所述处理器通过逻辑电路或执行代码指令用于实现如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法，或用于实现如权利要求17至25中任一项所述的方法，或用于实现如权利要求26至34中任一项所述的方法。
  70. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被通信装置执行时，实现如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法，或实现如权利要求17至25中任一项所述的方法，或实现如权利要求26至34中任一项所述的方法。
  71. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码被运行时，实现如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法，或实现 如权利要求17至25中任一项所述的方法，或实现如权利要求26至34中任一项所述的方法。
  72. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括终端设备和网络设备，所述网络设备用于和所述终端设备通信，所述终端设备用于实现如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法，或实现如权利要求17至25中任一项所述的方法，或实现如权利要求26至34中任一项所述的方法。
  73. 一种芯片系统，其特征在于，包括处理器，所述处理器用于执行存储器所存储的程序指令或代码，用于实现如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法，或实现如权利要求17至25中任一项所述的方法，或实现如权利要求26至34中任一项所述的方法。
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