WO2023066386A1 - 正极活性材料及制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 - Google Patents
正极活性材料及制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023066386A1 WO2023066386A1 PCT/CN2022/126778 CN2022126778W WO2023066386A1 WO 2023066386 A1 WO2023066386 A1 WO 2023066386A1 CN 2022126778 W CN2022126778 W CN 2022126778W WO 2023066386 A1 WO2023066386 A1 WO 2023066386A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- optionally
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/20—Compounds containing manganese, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G45/22—Compounds containing manganese, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a positive electrode active material and a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode sheet containing the positive electrode active material, a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an electrical device.
- lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various large-scale power devices, energy storage systems and various consumer products due to their excellent electrochemical performance, no memory effect, and low environmental pollution.
- lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material has the advantages of high working voltage, wide range of raw material sources and less environmental pollution, and is considered to be a positive electrode active material that is expected to replace lithium iron phosphate and become a power lithium-ion battery.
- the present application is made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a positive electrode active material, a preparation method of the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode sheet, a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an electrical device to solve existing problems.
- the lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material is prone to Li/Mn anti-site defects and serious manganese dissolution during the charging and discharging process, so as to solve the problems of low capacity, poor safety performance and cycle performance of secondary batteries.
- the first aspect of the application provides a positive electrode active material, including the compound shown in formula (I),
- A includes one or more elements selected from Group IA, Group IIA, Group IIIA, Group IIB, Group VB and Group VIB;
- B includes one or more elements selected from group IA, group IIA, group IIIA, group IVA, group VA, group IIB, group IVB, group VB, group VIB and group VIII;
- C includes one or more elements selected from Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group VA and Group VIA;
- D includes one or more elements selected from Group VIA and Group VIIA;
- a is selected from the range of 0.85 to 1.15;
- x is selected from the range of 0 to 0.1;
- y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.999;
- z is selected from the range of 0 to 0.5;
- n is selected from the range of 0 to 0.5.
- the present application can obtain significantly improved rate performance by doping specific elements at the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site in a specific amount, while significantly reducing the Mn and The dissolution of the doping element at the Mn site results in significantly improved cycle performance and/or high temperature stability, and the gram capacity and compacted density of the material are also improved.
- A comprises Rb, Cs, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ga, In, Cd, V, Ta, Cr, Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W
- elements optionally including one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W; and/or,
- B includes Rb, Cs, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, In, Pb, Bi, Cd, Hf, Ta, Cr, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Zn, Al, Na, K,
- Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge can be selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, One or more of Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb, and Ge; and/or,
- C includes one or more elements selected from B (boron), S, Si and N; and/or,
- D includes one or more elements selected from S, F, Cl, and Br.
- the rate performance, gram capacity, compacted density, cycle performance and/or high temperature performance of the secondary battery can be further improved, and the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements can be further reduced.
- A includes any element selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo, and W, and may be any element selected from Mg and Nb; and/or ,
- B includes one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, optionally selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni , Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge at least two elements, more optionally selected from Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg at least two elements, further optionally selected as At least two elements selected from Fe, Ti, V, Co and Mg, further optionally being Fe and one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Co and Mg; and/or,
- C includes any element selected from B (boron), S, Si and N, optionally S; and/or,
- D includes any element selected from S, F, Cl and Br, and may be F.
- the rate performance of the secondary battery can be further improved, the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements can be further reduced, the cycle performance and/or high temperature performance of the secondary battery can be improved, and the gram capacity and compacted density of the material can be further improved.
- a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, optionally selected from the range of 0.97 to 1.01; and/or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005; and/or,
- y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, optionally selected from the range of 0.01 to 0.5, optionally selected from the range of 0.25 to 0.5; and/or,
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, optionally selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, more optionally selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005; and/or,
- n is selected from the range of 0 to 0.1, optionally selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005.
- the gram capacity of the material can be further improved, the rate performance and/or kinetic performance of the secondary battery can be further improved, and the cycle performance and/or high temperature performance of the battery can be further improved.
- x is 0, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, and n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1; or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- z is 0, and n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1; or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5
- n is 0; or,
- x is 0, z is 0, and n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1; or,
- x is 0, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, and n is 0; or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5
- n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1.
- the present application is by doping specific elements at the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site in a specific amount, especially at the Mn site and the P site of LiMnPO 4 or the Doping a specific element in a specific amount on the Li site, Mn site, P site, and O site of LiMnPO 4 can significantly improve the rate performance, significantly reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn site doping elements, and significantly improve cycle performance and/or high temperature stability. Remarkably improve the gram capacity and compaction density of the material.
- y:z is selected from the range of 0.002 to 999, optionally selected from the range of 0.025 to 999, more optionally selected from the range of 0.2 to 600.
- z:n is selected from the range of 0.002 to 500, optionally selected from the range of 0.2 to 100, more optionally selected from the range of 0.2 to 50.
- A includes one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W;
- B includes one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge;
- C includes one or more elements selected from B (boron), S, Si and N;
- D includes one or more elements selected from S, F, Cl and Br;
- a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1.
- the present application can obtain significantly improved rate performance by doping specific elements at the Li site, Mn site, P site, and O site of the compound LiMnPO 4 at the same time, while significantly reducing the doping of Mn and Mn sites. Dissolution of elements, significantly improved cycle performance and/or high temperature stability are obtained, and the gram capacity and compacted density of the material can also be increased.
- B includes one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, optional Ground is one or more elements selected from Zn, Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg;
- C is one or more elements selected from B, Si, N and S;
- a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, x is 0, y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, and n is 0.
- the present application can improve the rate performance, reduce the stripping of Mn and Mn-site doping elements, improve the cycle performance and/or High temperature stability, increase the gram capacity and compaction density of the material.
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, and the inner core includes the compound shown in the above-mentioned formula I;
- the shell includes one or more cladding layers; the cladding layers are ionically or electronically conductive.
- the present application obtains the doped lithium manganese phosphate inner core by doping the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site with a specific amount of specific elements, and sets an ion-conducting core on the core surface. It provides a new type of positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure.
- the application of positive electrode active materials in secondary batteries can significantly improve the high-temperature cycle performance and cycle stability of secondary batteries. performance and high temperature storage performance.
- the shell comprises a coating
- the cladding layer includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride and polymer.
- the present application can obtain a coating layer with ion conductivity or electron conductivity by using the above materials, thereby improving the high-temperature cycle performance, cycle stability and high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- the shell comprises a first cladding layer enclosing the inner core and a second cladding layer enclosing the first cladding layer;
- each of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer independently includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride, and polymer.
- the present application adopts the above-mentioned materials as the material of the cladding layer, and setting two cladding layers can further improve the high-temperature cycle performance, cycle stability and high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- the first cladding layer includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, oxide, and boride
- the second cladding layer includes carbon and doped carbon. one or more.
- this application adopts the first cladding layer of a specific material and the second cladding layer of a specific material, which can further improve the rate performance, further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements, thereby improving the cycle performance of the secondary battery and/or high temperature stability.
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a third cladding layer covering the second cladding layer;
- each of the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer and the third cladding layer independently comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride and polymer one or more.
- this application adopts the above-mentioned materials as the material of the cladding layer, and setting up three cladding layers can further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements, and further improve the high-temperature cycle performance, cycle stability and high-temperature stability of the secondary battery. storage performance.
- the first coating layer includes pyrophosphate
- the second coating layer includes one or more selected from phosphate, oxide and boride
- the third coating layer includes carbon and one or more of doped carbon.
- the present application adopts the first cladding layer of a specific material, the second cladding layer of a specific material, and the third cladding layer of a specific material, which further improves the rate performance and further reduces the difference between Mn and Mn-site doping elements. Dissolution, thereby improving the cycle performance and/or high temperature stability of the secondary battery, and further increasing the gram capacity and compacted density of the material.
- the one or more coating layers each independently comprise one or more of pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride and polymer kind.
- the pyrophosphate is M b (P 2 O 7 ) c ; and/or,
- Phosphate is X m (PO 4 ) q ; and/or,
- the doping elements in the doped carbon include one or more selected from group IIIA, group VA, group VIA and group VIIA; and/or,
- the oxide is M′ d O e ; and/or,
- boride is Z v B w ;
- the polymer includes one or more selected from polysaccharides and their derivatives, polysiloxane;
- M, X and Z each independently include one or more elements selected from Group IA, Group IIA, Group IIIA, Group IB, Group IIB, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIIB and Group VIII; b is selected from 1 From the range of 1 to 4, c is selected from the range of 1 to 6; m is selected from the range of 1 to 2, and q is selected from the range of 1 to 4; M' includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, group IIIA elements , one or more elements of group IVA elements, lanthanides and Sb, d is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2, e is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5; v is selected from the range of 1 to 7, and w is selected from 1 to 2 range.
- the present application can further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements by using the above-mentioned materials as the coating layer, further improve the gram capacity and compaction density of the material, and further improve the rate performance and high-temperature cycle performance of the secondary battery. and high temperature storage performance.
- M, X and Z each independently include one or more elements selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb and Al; and / or,
- the doping elements in the doped carbon include one or more selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron and fluorine; and/or,
- M' includes Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As , Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, W, La and Ce, one or more elements, can be selected as Including one or more elements selected from Mg, Al, Si, Zn, Zr and Sn; and/or,
- Polysiloxane is selected from one or more of polysiloxanes of linear structure and polysiloxane of ring structure; and/or,
- the polysaccharide is selected from one or more of plant polysaccharides and marine polysaccharides.
- the present application can further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements by using the above-mentioned specific materials as the coating layer, and further improve the high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By y P 1-z C z O 4 , wherein a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, and B includes One or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb, Zn and Ge, C includes B (boron), S, Si and N One or more elements in
- the shell includes a first cladding layer enclosing the inner core and a second cladding layer enclosing the first cladding layer,
- the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 and phosphate XPO 4 , wherein M and X are each independently selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, One or more of Nb and Al;
- the second cladding layer contains carbon.
- the positive electrode active material of the present application can improve the gram capacity, cycle performance and safety performance of the secondary battery.
- the lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material of the present application has a core-shell structure, wherein by doping the manganese and phosphorus positions of the lithium manganese phosphate core with elements, not only can effectively reduce the dissolution of manganese, and then Reduce the migration of manganese ions to the negative electrode, reduce the consumption of electrolyte due to the decomposition of the SEI film, improve the cycle performance and safety performance of the secondary battery, and also promote the adjustment of Mn-O bonds, reduce the migration barrier of lithium ions, and promote the migration of lithium ions , to improve the rate performance of the secondary battery; by coating the inner core with the first coating layer including pyrophosphate and phosphate, the migration resistance of manganese can be further increased, its dissolution can be reduced, and the content of lithium on the surface and inner core can be reduced.
- the secondary battery can be further improved.
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By y P 1-z C z O 4 , wherein a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, and B includes One or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, and C includes elements selected from B (boron), S, Si and N one or more elements;
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a third cladding layer covering the second cladding layer, wherein,
- the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h , where, 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ g ⁇ 4, 1 ⁇ h ⁇ 6, pyrophosphate Q in the salt Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h is each independently selected from Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb and Al one or more elements of
- the second cladding layer includes crystalline phosphate XPO 4 , wherein X is one or more elements selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb and Al ;
- the third cladding layer contains carbon.
- This application provides a new core-shell structure by doping elements at the manganese site of lithium manganese phosphate and doping elements at the phosphorus site to obtain a doped lithium manganese phosphate core and sequentially performing three-layer coating on the surface of the core.
- the lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material, the application of the positive electrode active material in the secondary battery can significantly improve the high temperature cycle performance, cycle stability and high temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- one or more cladding layers in the shell that are farthest from the inner core each independently include one or more selected from polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives.
- the uniformity of coating can be improved, and the interface side reaction caused by high voltage can be effectively blocked, thereby improving the high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the material; moreover, the coating layer has good electronic conductivity and ion conductivity , which helps to increase the gram capacity of the material, and at the same time reduces the heat generation of the battery cell.
- the polysiloxane comprises a structural unit represented by formula (i),
- R and R are independently selected from H, -COOH, -OH, -SH, -CN, -SCN, amino, phosphate, carboxylate, amido, aldehyde, sulfonyl, polyether Chain segment, C1 ⁇ C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, C1 ⁇ C20 halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, C1 ⁇ C20 heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group, C1 ⁇ C20 halogenated heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group, C6 ⁇ C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group, C6 ⁇ C20 halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon group, C2 ⁇ C20 Heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group and C2 ⁇ C20 halogenated heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group;
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, amino group, phosphate group, polyether segment, C1 ⁇ C8 alkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 haloalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 heteroalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 halo Heteroalkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl and C2-C8 haloalkenyl.
- the polysiloxane further includes a capping group, and the capping group includes at least one of the following functional groups: polyether, C1 ⁇ C8 alkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 haloalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 Heteroalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 haloheteroalkyl, C2 ⁇ C8 alkenyl, C2 ⁇ C8 haloalkenyl, C6 ⁇ C20 aromatic hydrocarbon, C1 ⁇ C8 alkoxy, C2 ⁇ C8 epoxy, hydroxyl, C1 ⁇ C8 hydroxyalkyl, amino, C1 ⁇ C8 aminoalkyl, carboxy, C1 ⁇ C8 carboxyalkyl.
- the capping group includes at least one of the following functional groups: polyether, C1 ⁇ C8 alkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 haloalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 Heteroalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 haloheteroalkyl, C2 ⁇ C8 alkenyl, C2 ⁇ C8
- the polysiloxane comprises polydimethylsiloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, polymethylethylsiloxane, polymethylvinylsiloxane, polyphenylene Methylmethylsiloxane, Polymethylhydrogensiloxane, Carboxy-functionalized Polysiloxane, Epoxy-terminated Polysiloxane, Methoxy-terminated Dimethicone, Hydroxypropyl-terminated Polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylchloropropylsiloxane, hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane, perfluorooctylmethicone, Aminoethylaminopropyl Dimethicone, Terminated Polyether Dimethicone, Side Chain Aminopropyl Dimethicone, Aminopropyl Terminated Dimethicone, Side Chain Chain phosphat
- the number average molecular weight of polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivative is independently below 300,000, may be 10,000 to 200,000, more may be 20,000 to 120,000, and may be further may be 400 to 80,000 .
- the mass percentage of polar functional groups in polysiloxane is ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 50%, alternatively, 5% ⁇ 30%.
- the substituents attached to the sugar units in polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives each independently include at least one of the following functional groups: -OH, -COOH and salts thereof, -R-OH , -SO 3 H and its salts, -R-OH, -R-SO 3 H and its salts, sulfate ester groups, alkoxy groups, wherein, R represents an alkylene group, optionally representing a C1-C5 alkylene group ;
- the substituents attached to the sugar units in polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives each independently include at least one of the following functional groups: -OH, -COOH, -COOLi, -COONa, -COOK, - SO 3 H, -SO 3 Li, -SO 3 Na, -SO 3 K, -CH 2 -SO 3 H, -CH 2 -SO 3 Li, -CH 2 -SO 3 Na, -CH 2 -SO 3 K , Methoxy, Ethoxy.
- the polysaccharide comprises pectin, carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, dextrin, cellulose ether, carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, Carboxypropyl methylcellulose, guar gum, kale gum, acacia gum, lithium alginate, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, fucoidan, agar, carrageenan, carrageenan, xanthan gum, and fenugreek One or more of glue.
- the mass percent content of the substituents attached to the sugar units in the polysaccharide and the polysaccharide derivative is independently 20% to 85%, optionally 30% to 78%.
- the lattice mismatch between the material of the core and the material of the shell is less than 10%. Thereby, the contact between the inner core and the shell (or cladding layer) can be improved to prevent the shell (or cladding layer) from coming off.
- the content of manganese element is in the range of 10% by weight-35% by weight, optionally in the range of 13.3% by weight-33.2% by weight, more optionally in the range of 15% by weight-30% by weight, further optionally in the range of 17% by weight-20% by weight % by weight; and/or,
- the content of phosphorus element is in the range of 12 wt%-25 wt%, optionally in the range of 15 wt%-20 wt%, more optionally in the range of 16.8 wt%-19.5 wt%; and/or,
- the weight ratio range of manganese element to phosphorus element is 0.71-1.85, optionally 0.90-1.25, more optionally 0.95-1.20.
- the content of the manganese element in the present application is within the above range, which can effectively reduce the problems of poor material structure stability and density drop, thereby improving the performance of the cycle, storage and compaction density of the secondary battery; and can reduce the problem of the voltage platform being too low problem, thereby increasing the energy density of the secondary battery.
- the surface of the positive electrode active material is coated with one or more of carbon and doped carbon; optionally, the surface of the positive electrode active material is coated with carbon. Thereby, the conductivity of the cathode active material can be improved.
- the doping elements in the doped carbon include one or more selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron and fluorine. It is convenient to control the properties of the doped carbon layer.
- y is in the range of 0.1-999, optionally in the range of 0.1-10 or in the range of 0.67-999, more preferably in the range of 1 to 10, further optionally in the range of 1 to 4 In the range, further optionally in the range of 1.5 to 3; and/or,
- a:x is in the range of 1 to 1200, optionally in the range of 9 to 1100, more preferably in the range of 190-998.
- the energy density and cycle performance of the positive electrode active material can be further improved.
- the ratio of z to 1-z is 1:9 to 1:999, optionally 1:499 to 1:249.
- the cycle performance and rate performance of the secondary battery are further improved.
- the shell is coated in an amount of 0.1% to 6%, based on the weight of the inner core.
- the coating amount of the coating layer in the present application is preferably within the above range, which can fully cover the inner core, and at the same time, further improve the kinetic performance and safety performance of the secondary battery without sacrificing the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material.
- the coating amount of the first coating layer is greater than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 7% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6% by weight, more optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight or 4-5.6% by weight, further optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the inner core; and/or,
- the coating amount of the second coating layer is greater than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 6% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight, more optionally 2-4% by weight or 3-5% by weight, Kernel-based weight scales; and/or,
- the coating amount of the third cladding layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight, more optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2% by weight, based on the inner core weighing scale.
- the shell further includes a fourth cladding layer covering the third cladding layer and a fifth cladding layer covering the fourth cladding layer;
- the coating amounts of the fourth coating layer and the fifth coating layer are each independently 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, optionally 0.05% by weight to 10% by weight, more optionally 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, Further 0.1% to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the inner core.
- the coating amount of each layer of coating layer is preferably within the above range, so that the inner core can be fully coated without sacrificing the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material. Under the premise, the kinetic performance and safety performance of the secondary battery are further improved.
- the shell is located between 40% and 90% of the surface of the inner core, optionally between 60% and 80% of the surface.
- the inner core can be fully coated, thereby improving the kinetic performance and safety performance of the secondary battery.
- the thickness of the shell is 1-15 nm.
- the thickness of the first cladding layer is 1-10 nm, optionally 2-10 nm; and/or,
- the thickness of the second cladding layer is 2-25nm, optionally 2-15nm, more optionally 3-15nm; and/or,
- the thickness of the third cladding layer is 2-25 nm, optionally 5-25 nm.
- the first cladding layer has the above-mentioned thickness range, which can further reduce the adverse effect on the dynamic performance of the material, and can reduce the problem that the migration of transition metal ions cannot be effectively hindered.
- the second coating layer has the above thickness range, so that the surface structure of the second coating layer is stable, and the side reaction with the electrolyte is small, so the side reaction at the interface can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the high temperature performance of the secondary battery.
- the third cladding layer has the above-mentioned thickness range, which can improve the electrical conductivity of the material and improve the compaction density performance of the battery electrode sheet prepared by using the positive electrode active material.
- each of the one or more coating layers independently includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate and oxide, and is selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate and one or more of the oxides are crystalline;
- the crystallinity of pyrophosphate, phosphate and oxide each independently ranges from 10% to 100%, more preferably from 50% to 100%.
- the crystalline state means that the degree of crystallinity is above 50%, that is, 50%-100%.
- a crystallinity of less than 50% is called a glassy state.
- the crystallinity of the crystalline pyrophosphate and crystalline phosphate of the present application is 50% to 100%.
- Pyrophosphate and phosphate with a certain degree of crystallinity are not only conducive to giving full play to the ability of the pyrophosphate coating layer to hinder the dissolution of manganese and the excellent ability of the phosphate coating layer to conduct lithium ions, and to reduce the interface side reactions.
- the phosphate coating layer and the phosphate coating layer can perform better lattice matching, so that a tight combination between the coating layer and the coating layer can be achieved.
- the weight ratio of pyrophosphate to phosphate and the weight ratio of pyrophosphate to oxide are each independently 1:3 to 3:1, optionally 1:3 to 1: 1. Therefore, by using pyrophosphate and phosphate in a suitable weight ratio range or pyrophosphate and oxide in a suitable weight ratio range, it can not only effectively hinder the dissolution of manganese, but also effectively reduce the content of lithium impurities on the surface and reduce interface side reactions. , thereby improving the high-temperature storage performance, safety performance and cycle performance of the secondary battery.
- each of the one or more coating layers independently includes carbon, and the carbon is a mixture of carbon in SP2 form and carbon in SP3 form.
- the carbon in SP2 form and carbon in SP3 form are a mixture of carbon in SP2 form and carbon in SP3 form.
- the molar ratio is any value within the range of 0.07-13, more preferably any value within the range of 0.1-10, further optionally any value within the range of 2.0-3.0.
- the overall performance of the secondary battery is improved by limiting the molar ratio of the SP2 form carbon to the SP3 form carbon within the above range.
- each of the one or more cladding layers independently includes doped carbon, and, in the doped carbon, the mass content of doping elements is below 30%; In carbon, the mass content of doping elements is below 20%.
- Doping elements within the above content range can not only fully improve the conductivity of the pure carbon layer, but also effectively avoid excessive surface activity due to excessive doping of doping elements, thereby effectively controlling the overdoping of the cladding layer. interface side reactions.
- each of said one or more cladding layers independently includes doped carbon, and in doped carbon,
- the doping element is nitrogen and/or sulfur, and the mass content of the doping element in the doped carbon is 1% to 15%; or,
- the doping element is phosphorus element, boron element and/or fluorine element, and the mass content of the doping element in the doped carbon is 0.5% to 5%;
- the doping element is nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron or fluorine.
- the conductivity of the doped carbon layer can be fully exerted. , and can promote lithium ion transport and lithium ion desolvation ability.
- each of the one or more coating layers independently includes pyrophosphate
- the interplanar distance of pyrophosphate is in the range of 0.293-0.470nm, optionally 0.297-0.462nm or 0.293-0.326nm nm, more optionally 0.300-0.310nm
- the angle range of the crystal orientation (111) is 18.00°-32.57°, optionally 18.00°-32.00° or 26.41°-32.57°, more optionally 19.211°-30.846 °, further optionally 29.00°-30.00°; and/or,
- One or more cladding layers each independently include phosphate, the interplanar distance of phosphate is in the range of 0.244-0.425nm, optionally 0.345-0.358nm, and the included angle of the crystal direction (111) is in the range of 20.00°-37.00° , can be selected as 24.25°-26.45°;
- the first cladding layer or the second cladding layer comprises phosphate.
- Both the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer in the positive electrode active material of the present application use crystalline substances, and their interplanar spacing and included angle ranges are within the above-mentioned ranges. As a result, the impurity phase in the cladding layer can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the gram capacity, cycle performance and rate performance of the material.
- the lattice change rate of the positive electrode active material before and after completely deintercalating lithium is 50% or less, optionally 9.8% or less, more preferably 8.1% or less, further optionally 7.5% or less, more preferably It can be further selected to be 6% or less, further can be selected to be 4% or less, still further can be selected to be 3.8% or less, and still further can be selected to be 2.0-3.8%.
- the use of positive electrode active materials can improve the gram capacity and rate performance of the secondary battery.
- the Li/Mn antisite defect concentration of the positive electrode active material is 5.3% or less, optionally 5.1% or less, more optionally 4% or less, further optionally 2.2% or less, and further optional It is less than 2%, and can be further selected as less than 1.5%-2.2% or less than 0.5%.
- Li/Mn antisite defect concentration within the above range, Mn 2+ can be prevented from hindering the transport of Li + , and at the same time, the gram capacity and rate performance of the positive electrode active material can be improved.
- the compacted density of the positive electrode active material at 3T is 1.89g/cm 3 or more, may be 1.95g/cm 3 or more, more may be 1.98g/cm 3 or more, and may be further selected as 2.0g/cm 3 or more, more optionally 2.2g/cm 3 or more, further optionally 2.2g/cm 3 or more and 2.8g/cm 3 or more or 2.2g/cm 3 or more and 2.65g/cm 3 or less.
- the surface oxygen valence state of the positive electrode active material is less than -1.55, optionally less than -1.82, more preferably less than -1.88, further optionally less than -1.90 or -1.98 to -1.88, more preferably It can be further selected as -1.98 to -1.89, and further can be selected as -1.98 to -1.90.
- the interface side reactions between the positive electrode material and the electrolyte can be reduced, thereby improving the performance of the battery cell cycle, high temperature storage and gas production.
- the second aspect of the present application also provides a method for preparing a positive electrode active material, which includes the steps of:
- the present application can obtain significantly improved rate performance by doping specific elements at the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site in a specific amount, while significantly reducing the Mn With the stripping of Mn-site doping elements, significantly improved cycle performance and/or high-temperature stability are obtained, and the gram capacity and compacted density of the material can also be improved.
- the method specifically includes the following steps:
- the obtained particles are sintered to obtain the inner core Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1-z C z O 4-n D n ; where A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n is defined as in the first aspect of the present application.
- lithium source, phosphorus source, optional source of element A, optional source of element C, optional source of element D, carbon source, carbon layer The source of the doping element, the solvent and the manganese salt doped with the element B are added to the reaction vessel and ground and mixed to obtain a slurry; other steps are the same as above; obtain the positive electrode active material;
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1- z C z O 4-n D n , the shell contains doped carbon, and the doping in doped carbon
- the elements include one or more selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron and fluorine; wherein, A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n are as defined in the first aspect of the application.
- the method also includes the following steps:
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the inner core is Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1- z C z O 4-n D n , the shell includes one or more cladding layers, each cladding
- the coating independently includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride and polymer; wherein, A, B, C, D, a, x, The definitions of y, z and n are as in the first aspect of the present application; optionally, the polymer includes one or more selected from polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives.
- the method also includes the following steps:
- suspension comprising phosphate Xm ( PO4 ) q and/or oxide M'dOe , wherein the suspension also comprises a source of carbon and/or a source of doped carbon;
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core and a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y B y P 1-z C z O 4- n D n , the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate M b (P 2 O 7 ) c and is selected from phosphate X m (PO 4 ) q and oxide M′ d O One or more of e , the second cladding layer includes one or more selected from carbon and doped carbon, optionally, the doping elements in doped carbon include nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur , one or more of boron and fluorine, wherein, A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n are as defined in the first aspect of the application, M, X, M', b, The definitions of c, d, e, m, and
- the method also includes the following steps:
- the inner core and pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 powder are added to the XPO 4 suspension containing carbon sources and mixed, and the positive electrode active material is obtained by sintering; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core and a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y B y P 1-z C z O 4- n D n , the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 and phosphate XPO 4 , the second cladding layer includes carbon, wherein, A, B, C, D, The definitions of a, x, y, z and n are as in the first aspect of the present application, and the definitions of M and X are as in the first aspect of the present application.
- the method also includes the following steps:
- pyrophosphate M b (P 2 O 7 ) c suspension suspension containing one or more selected from phosphate X m (PO 4 ) q , oxide M′ d O e and boride Turbid liquids and suspensions of sources comprising carbon and/or sources doped with carbon;
- the inner core is mixed with all the suspensions mentioned above, and sintered to obtain the positive electrode active material; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core,
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By P 1-z C z O 4
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a second cladding layer covering the second cladding layer.
- the method also includes the following steps:
- Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h and XPO 4 suspensions are provided respectively, the inner core is added to the suspension and mixed, and the positive electrode active material is obtained by sintering; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1- z C z O 4-n D n , the shell includes the first cladding layer covering the inner core, the outer shell A second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer and a third cladding layer covering the second cladding layer, the first cladding layer comprising pyrophosphate Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h , the second coating layer includes phosphate XPO 4 , and the third coating layer includes carbon, wherein, A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n are as defined in the first application of this application In one aspect, Q, X, f, g and h are as defined in the first aspect of the present application.
- the method also includes the following steps:
- the first coating step the source of the element Q, the phosphorus source and the acid and optionally the lithium source are dissolved in a solvent to obtain the first coating containing Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h A cladding layer suspension; fully mixing the inner core with the first cladding layer suspension, drying, and sintering to obtain the material coated with the first cladding layer;
- the second coating step dissolving the source of element X, the phosphorus source and the acid in a solvent to obtain a suspension of the second coating layer containing XPO 4 ; coating the first coating layer obtained in the first coating step The coated material is fully mixed with the suspension of the second coating layer, dried, and sintered to obtain a material coated with two coating layers;
- the third coating step dissolving the carbon source in the solvent, fully dissolving to obtain the third coating layer solution; then adding the materials coated with the two coating layers obtained in the second coating step to the third coating layer solution , mixed uniformly, dried, and then sintered to obtain a three-layer coated material, that is, a positive electrode active material.
- the method also includes the following steps:
- pyrophosphate M b (P 2 O 7 ) c powder one or more powders selected from phosphate X m (PO 4 ) q , oxide M′ d O e and boride, and carbon source powder and/or doped carbon source powder;
- the inner core is mixed with all the above-mentioned powders and ground, and dried to obtain the positive electrode active material; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core,
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By P 1-z C z O 4
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a second cladding layer covering the second cladding layer.
- drying is performed by a spray granulation dryer.
- the method also includes the steps of:
- the polymer includes one or more selected from polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives;
- the positive electrode active material and the polymer are coated by a dry method or a wet method, and the obtained material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core;
- the one or more cladding layers in the shell that are farthest from the inner core each independently include one or more selected from polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives.
- the source of element A is selected from at least one of element A, oxides, phosphates, oxalates, carbonates, and sulfates; and/or,
- the source of element B is selected from at least one of element B, oxides, phosphates, oxalates, carbonates, halides, nitrates, organic acid salts, hydroxides and sulfates, and can be selected as At least one selected from element B, oxides, phosphates, oxalates, carbonates, and sulfates, optionally selected from element B elements, sulfates, halides, nitrates, and organic acids At least one of salts, oxides and hydroxides, optionally selected from elemental B, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, organic acid salts, oxides and hydroxides at least one; and/or,
- the source of element C is selected from at least one of element C, halides, organic acid salts, oxides, hydroxides, inorganic acids, organic acids, sulfates, borates, nitrates and silicates, It can be selected from at least one of sulfate, borate, nitrate and silicate of element C, and can be selected from elemental C, sulfate, halide, nitrate, organic acid salt, At least one of oxides, hydroxides and inorganic acids, optionally selected from inorganic acids, organic acids, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, organic acid salts, oxides, hydroxides of element C at least one of; and/or,
- the source of element D is selected from at least one of element D and ammonium salt.
- Stirring is carried out at a temperature in the range of 20-120°C, optionally at a temperature in the range of 25-80°C or 40-120°C, further optionally at a temperature in the range of 60-120°C, and /or,
- grinding and mixing are carried out for 1-15 hours, optionally 8-15 hours; optionally, at 20-120°C, more preferably 40-120°C Mixing is carried out at a temperature of 1-10h.
- sintering is performed at a temperature range of 600-900° C. for 6-14 hours.
- the step of preparing the slurry further includes: adding a carbon source into the reaction vessel for grinding and mixing together.
- the MP 2 O 7 powder is prepared by:
- M is selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, One or more of Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb and Al.
- the drying step is drying at 100-300° C., optionally 150-200° C., for 4-8 hours.
- the sintering step is sintering at 500-800° C., optionally 650-800° C., for 4-10 hours in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the sintering temperature in the cladding step is 500-800° C., and the sintering time is 4-10 hours.
- Sintering is carried out at 650-800°C for 2-6 hours.
- Sintering is carried out at 500-700°C for 6-10 hours.
- the sintering in the third cladding step is performed at 700-800° C. for 6-10 hours.
- the third aspect of the present application provides a positive electrode sheet, which includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode film layer includes a first positive electrode active material, and the first positive electrode active material is the present application.
- the positive electrode active material of the first aspect or the positive electrode active material prepared by the method of the second aspect of the present application; optionally, the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode film layer is 90-99.5% by weight, more preferably 95-99.5% by weight % by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode film layer.
- the positive electrode sheet further includes a second positive electrode active material, and the second positive electrode active material is different from the first positive electrode active material.
- the second positive electrode active material includes one or more of LiE t Co s F (1-ts) O 2 , spinel lithium manganate and spinel lithium titanate, wherein , E includes one or more elements selected from group VIII, F includes one or more elements selected from IIIA and VIIB, t is selected from the range of 0 to 0.9, and the sum of t and s is selected from 0.3 to 1 scope.
- E includes one or more elements selected from Ni, Fe, Ru, and Rh
- F includes one or more elements selected from Mn, Al, Ga, and In.
- the second positive electrode active material is selected from LiN t Co s Mn (1-ts) O 2 , LiN t Co s Al (1-ts) O 2 , LiCoO 2 , spinel lithium manganate and one or more of spinel lithium titanate; wherein, t is independently selected from 0.3-0.9, optionally 0.33-0.8, and the sum of t and s is independently selected from 0.3-0.9, optionally 0.66-0.9.
- the mass ratio of the first active material to the second active material is 1:7-7:1, optionally 1:4-4:1.
- the ratio of t, (1-ts) and s in LiNitCosMn(1-ts) O2 is 5:2:3 or 3:1:1 or 8:1:1; and/ or ,
- the ratio of t, s and (1-ts) in LiNitCosAl (1 -ts) O2 is 5 :2:3 or 3:1:1 or 8:1:1.
- the sum of the mass of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material accounts for 88%-98.7% of the mass of the positive electrode sheet.
- the fourth aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery, including the positive electrode material of the first aspect of the present application or the positive electrode active material prepared by the method of the second aspect of the present application or the positive electrode sheet of the third aspect of the present application.
- a fifth aspect of the present application provides a battery module including the secondary battery of the fourth aspect of the present application.
- a sixth aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, including the battery module of the fifth aspect of the present application.
- the seventh aspect of the present application provides an electric device, including at least one selected from the secondary battery of the fourth aspect of the present application, the battery module of the fifth aspect of the present application, and the battery pack of the sixth aspect of the present application kind.
- a positive electrode active material having the chemical formula Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1-z C z O 4-n D n ,
- A includes one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W,
- B includes one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge,
- C includes one or more elements selected from B (boron), S, Si and N,
- D includes one or more elements selected from S, F, Cl and Br,
- a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- the positive electrode active material is Electrically neutral.
- A is any element selected from Mg and Nb, and/or,
- B is at least two elements selected from Fe, Ti, V, Co and Mg, optionally Fe and one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Co and Mg, and/or,
- C is S, and/or
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005; and/or, y is selected from the range of 0.01 to 0.5, optionally selected from the range of 0.25 to 0.5; and/or Or, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005; and/or, n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005.
- cathode active material according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the lattice change rate thereof is 8% or less, optionally 4% or less.
- cathode active material according to any one of items 1 to 8, wherein the surface thereof is coated with carbon.
- a method for preparing positive electrode active material comprising the steps of:
- step (3) The slurry obtained by step (2) is transferred to spray drying equipment for spray drying and granulation to obtain granules;
- step (3) Sintering the particles obtained in step (3) to obtain a positive electrode active material.
- the source of element A is selected from at least one of elemental, oxide, phosphate, oxalate, carbonate and sulfate of element A
- the source of element B is selected from element At least one of the elemental substance of B, oxide, phosphate, oxalate, carbonate and sulfate
- the source of element C is selected from the sulfate, borate, nitrate and silicate of element C
- the source of element D is selected from at least one of element D and ammonium salt.
- step (1) is carried out at a temperature in the range of 60-120°C, and/or,
- the stirring in step (1) is carried out at a stirring rate of 200-800rpm.
- step (2) The method according to any one of items 10 to 12, wherein the grinding and mixing in step (2) is carried out for 8-15 hours.
- step (4) The method according to any one of items 10 to 13, wherein the sintering in step (4) is performed at a temperature range of 600-900° C. for 6-14 hours.
- step (2) further comprising: adding a carbon source into the reaction vessel for grinding and mixing together.
- a positive electrode sheet which includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the positive electrode collector, the positive electrode film layer includes any one of the positive electrode active materials in 1-9 or passes through 10-15
- the positive electrode active material prepared by any method, and the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode film layer is more than 10% by weight, optionally, 95-99.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode film layer.
- a secondary battery comprising the positive electrode active material according to any one of items 1-8 or the positive electrode active material prepared by the method according to any one of items 10-15, or the positive electrode sheet according to item 16.
- a battery module comprising the secondary battery according to item 17.
- a battery pack comprising the battery module of item 18.
- An electrical device comprising at least one selected from the secondary battery of item 17, the battery module of item 18, and the battery pack of item 19.
- a positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure which includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core
- the shell includes a first cladding layer enclosing the inner core and a second cladding layer enclosing the first cladding layer,
- the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 and phosphate XPO 4 , wherein M and X are each independently selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, One or more of Nb or Al;
- the second cladding layer contains carbon.
- the interplanar spacing of the phosphate in the first cladding layer is 0.345-0.358nm, and the included angle of the crystal direction (111) is 24.25°-26.45°; the interplanar spacing of the pyrophosphate in the first cladding layer is 0.293-0.326 nm, the included angle of the crystal direction (111) is 26.41°-32.57°.
- the ratio of y to 1-y is 1:10 to 10:1, optionally 1:4 to 1:1.
- the ratio of z to 1-z is 1:9 to 1:999, optionally 1:499 to 1:249.
- the coating amount of the first coating layer is greater than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 7% by weight, optionally 4-5.6% by weight, based on the weight of the inner core.
- the weight ratio of pyrophosphate to phosphate in the first coating layer is 1:3 to 3:1, optionally 1:3 to 1:1.
- the crystallinity of pyrophosphate and phosphate is each independently 10% to 100%, optionally 50% to 100%.
- the coating amount of the second coating layer is greater than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 6% by weight, optionally 3-5% by weight, based on the weight of the inner core.
- A is selected from at least two of Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg.
- the Li/Mn antisite defect concentration of the positive electrode active material is less than 4%, optionally less than 2%.
- the lattice change rate of the positive electrode active material is 6% or less, optionally 4% or less.
- the surface oxygen valence state of the positive electrode active material is less than -1.88, optionally -1.98 ⁇ -1.88.
- the compacted density of the positive electrode active material at 3 tons is above 2.0 g/cm 3 , optionally above 2.2 g/cm 3 .
- a method for preparing a positive electrode active material comprising the following steps:
- Coating step provide MP 2 O 7 powder and XPO 4 suspension containing carbon source, add core material, MP 2 O 7 powder to XPO 4 suspension containing carbon source and mix, obtain by sintering A positive electrode active material, wherein M and X are each independently selected from one or more of Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb or Al;
- the positive electrode active material has a core-shell structure, which includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core.
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core and a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer.
- the coating comprises pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 and phosphate XPO 4 , the second coating comprises carbon.
- the preparation method of the positive electrode active material of item 14), the step of providing the core material comprises the following steps:
- Step (1) mixing and stirring a source of manganese, a source of element A, and an acid in a container to obtain manganese salt particles doped with element A;
- Step (1) is carried out at a temperature of 20-120°C, optionally 25-80°C; and/or,
- step (1) Stirring in step (1) is carried out at 500-700 rpm for 60-420 minutes, optionally for 120-360 minutes.
- the source of element A is selected from one or more of element A, sulfate, halide, nitrate, organic acid salt, oxide or hydroxide; and/or, the source of element R is selected from element R One or more of elemental substances, sulfates, halides, nitrates, organic acid salts, oxides or hydroxides, and inorganic acids of element R.
- MP2O7 powder was prepared by the following method :
- M is selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, One or more of Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb or Al.
- the drying step is drying at 100-300° C., optionally 150-200° C., for 4-8 hours.
- the sintering step is sintering at 500-800° C., optionally 650-800° C., for 4-10 hours in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the sintering temperature in the cladding step is 500-800° C., and the sintering time is 4-10 hours.
- a positive electrode sheet which includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode film layer includes the positive electrode active material in any one of 1)-13) or passes through 14) -21)
- the positive electrode active material prepared by any one of the methods, and the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode film layer is more than 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode film layer.
- a secondary battery comprising the positive electrode active material of any one of items 1)-13) or the positive electrode active material prepared by the method of any one of items 14)-21) or item 22) or 23) positive pole piece.
- a battery module comprising the secondary battery according to item 24).
- a battery pack comprising the battery module of item 25).
- An electrical device characterized by comprising at least one selected from the secondary battery of item 24), the battery module of item 25, and the battery pack of item 26).
- a positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure which includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core
- the chemical formula of the core is Li 1+x Mn 1-y A y P 1-z R z O 4 , where x is any value in the range of -0.100-0.100, y is any value in the range of 0.001-0.500, z It is any value in the range of 0.001-0.100, and A is selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge
- One or more elements in can be one or more elements in Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg
- R is one or more elements selected from B, Si, N and S , optionally, R is an element selected from B, Si, N and S;
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a third cladding layer covering the second cladding layer, wherein,
- the first cladding layer comprises crystalline pyrophosphate Li a MP 2 O 7 and/or M b (P 2 O 7 ) c , wherein, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 4, 1 ⁇ c ⁇ 6,
- the values of a, b and c meet the following conditions: to keep the crystalline pyrophosphate Li a MP 2 O 7 or M b (P 2 O 7 ) c electrically neutral,
- M in crystalline pyrophosphate Li a MP 2 O 7 and M b (P 2 O 7 ) c is each independently selected from Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb or One or more elements in Al,
- the second cladding layer includes crystalline phosphate XPO 4 , where X is one or more elements selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb or Al ;
- the third cladding layer is carbon.
- the interplanar spacing of the crystalline pyrophosphate in the first cladding layer is in the range of 0.293-0.470nm, and the included angle of the crystal direction (111) is in the range of 18.00°-32.00°; the crystalline phosphate in the second cladding layer
- the range of interplanar spacing is 0.244-0.425nm, and the included angle range of crystal direction (111) is 20.00°-37.00°.
- the positive electrode active material having a core-shell structure according to item (1) or (2), wherein, in the core, the ratio of y to 1-y is 1:10 to 1:1, optionally 1: 4 to 1:1.
- the molar ratio of carbon in SP2 form to carbon in SP3 form is any value within the range of 0.1-10, and may be any value within the range of 2.0-3.0.
- the coating amount of the first coating layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight, more optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2% by weight, based on the inner core weighing scale; and/or
- the coating amount of the third cladding layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight, more optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2% by weight, based on the inner core weighing scale.
- the second cladding layer has a thickness of 2-15 nm; and/or
- the thickness of the third cladding layer is 2-25 nm.
- the content of manganese element is in the range of 10% by weight-35% by weight, optionally in the range of 15% by weight-30% by weight, more optionally in the range of 17% by weight-20% by weight, phosphorus
- the element content is in the range of 12 wt%-25 wt%, optionally in the range of 15 wt%-20 wt%, and the weight ratio of manganese and phosphorus is in the range of 0.90-1.25, optionally 0.95-1.20.
- the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure according to any one of (1)-(8), wherein the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure has a lattice change rate of 4 before and after completely deintercalating lithium % or less, optionally less than 3.8%, more preferably 2.0-3.8%.
- the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure according to any one of (1)-(9), wherein the Li/Mn antisite defect concentration of the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure is 4% or less, It may be less than 2.2%, more preferably 1.5-2.2%.
- the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure according to any one of (1)- ( 10), wherein the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure has a compacted density of 2.2 g/cm at 3T or more, optionally 2.2 g/cm 3 or more and 2.8 g/cm 3 or less.
- the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure according to any one of (1)-(11), wherein the surface oxygen valence state of the positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure is -1.90 or less, optionally -1.90 to -1.98.
- a preparation method of positive electrode active material comprising the following steps:
- the step of providing the core material the chemical formula of the core is Li 1+x Mn 1-y A y P 1-z R z O 4 , where x is any value in the range of -0.100-0.100, and y is in the range of 0.001-0.500 Any value of , z is any value in the range of 0.001-0.100, A is selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, One or more elements of Sb, Nb and Ge, optionally one or more elements of Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg, R is selected from B, Si, N and S One or more elements, optionally, R is an element selected from B, Si, N and S;
- Coating step providing Li a MP 2 O 7 and/or M b (P 2 O 7 ) c and XPO 4 suspensions respectively, adding the core material to the above suspensions and mixing, and sintering to obtain positive electrode active materials , where 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 4, 1 ⁇ c ⁇ 6, the values of a, b and c satisfy the following conditions: the crystalline pyrophosphate Li a MP 2 O 7 or M b (P 2 O 7 ) c maintains electrical neutrality; M is each independently selected from one or more elements selected from Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb or Al; X is selected from Li , Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb or one or more elements in Al;
- the positive electrode active material has a core-shell structure, which includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, and the shell includes a first coating layer covering the inner core, a second coating layer covering the first coating layer, and a second coating layer covering the first coating layer.
- the preparation method of the cathode active material of item (13), the step of providing the inner core material comprises the following steps:
- Step (1) mixing and stirring a manganese source, a dopant of element A, and an acid in a container to obtain manganese salt particles doped with element A;
- Step (2) Mix the manganese salt particles doped with element A with the dopant of lithium source, phosphorus source and element R in a solvent to obtain a slurry, and sinter it under the protection of an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the doped element A
- the inner core of A and element R wherein the inner core doped with element A and element R is Li 1+x Mn 1-y A y P 1-z R z O 4 , where x is in the range of -0.100-0.100 Any value, y is any value within the range of 0.001-0.500, z is any value within the range of 0.001-0.100,
- A is selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr , one or more elements of Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, and one or more elements of Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg
- R is One or more elements selected from B, Si, N and S, optionally, R is an element
- Step (1) mixing at a temperature of 20-120°C, optionally 40-120°C; and/or
- step (1) Stirring in step (1) is carried out at 400-700rpm for 1-9h, optionally for 3-7h.
- step (2) is mixed at a temperature of 20-120° C., optionally 40-120° C., for 1-10 hours.
- the dopant of element A is one or more selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge
- elemental substances carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, organic acid salts, oxides, and hydroxides of each element; and/or,
- the dopant of the element R is one or more elements selected from B, Si, N and S, each of inorganic acids, organic acids, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, organic acid salts, oxides, hydrogen One or more of oxides.
- the first coating step the source of the element M, the phosphorus source and the acid, and optionally the lithium source are dissolved in a solvent to obtain a suspension of the first coating layer; the inner core obtained in the inner core step and the first coating The suspension of the first coating layer obtained in the step is fully mixed, dried, and then sintered to obtain the material coated with the first coating layer;
- the second coating step dissolving the source of element X, phosphorus source and acid in a solvent to obtain a suspension of the second coating layer; combining the material coated with the first coating layer obtained in the first coating step with The suspension of the second coating layer obtained in the second coating step is fully mixed, dried, and then sintered to obtain a material coated with two coating layers;
- the third coating step dissolving the carbon source in the solvent, fully dissolving to obtain the third coating layer solution; then adding the materials coated with the two coating layers obtained in the second coating step to the third coating layer solution , mixed uniformly, dried, and then sintered to obtain a three-layer coated material, that is, a positive electrode active material.
- the pH of the solution dissolved with the source of element M, phosphorus source and acid, and optionally lithium source is controlled to be 3.5-6.5, then stirred and reacted for 1-5h, and then the solution is heated to 50-120°C , and maintain this temperature for 2-10h, and/or,
- Sintering is carried out at 650-800°C for 2-6 hours.
- the second coating step after dissolving the source of element X, phosphorus source and acid in the solvent, stirring and reacting for 1-10 hours, then raising the temperature of the solution to 60-150°C and maintaining the temperature for 2-10 hours, and/or ,
- Sintering is carried out at 500-700°C for 6-10 hours.
- a positive electrode sheet which includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode film layer includes any one of (1)-(12) with a core-shell structure
- the positive electrode active material or the positive electrode active material prepared by any one of the positive electrode active material preparation methods in (13)-(21), and the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode film layer is 90-99.5% by weight, optional It is 95-99.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode film layer.
- a secondary battery comprising the positive electrode active material having a core-shell structure according to any one of (1)-(12) or the positive electrode active material according to any one of (13)-(21)
- the positive electrode active material prepared by the preparation method or the positive electrode sheet of item (22).
- An electric device including at least one selected from the secondary battery of item (23), the battery module of item (24), and the battery pack of item (25).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure having two coating layers in an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 2 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) pattern of undoped LiMnPO 4 and the cathode active material prepared by Example 1-2.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure having three cladding layers in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to one embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device in which a secondary battery is used as a power source according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 10 is an EDS spectrum of the positive electrode active material prepared in Example I-2 of the present application.
- ranges disclosed herein are defined in terms of lower and upper limits, and a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit that define the boundaries of the particular range. Ranges defined in this manner may be inclusive or exclusive and may be combined arbitrarily, ie any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are contemplated. Additionally, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2- 3, 2-4 and 2-5.
- the numerical range "a-b” represents an abbreviated representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers.
- the numerical range "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article, and "0-5" is only an abbreviated representation of the combination of these values.
- a certain parameter is an integer ⁇ 2
- a method comprising steps (a) and (b) means that the method may comprise steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, and may also comprise steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially.
- the method may also include step (c) means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), and may also include step (a) , (c) and (b), may also include steps (c), (a) and (b) and the like.
- the term "or” is inclusive unless otherwise stated.
- the phrase "A or B” means “A, B, or both A and B.” More specifically, the condition "A or B” is satisfied by either of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists) ; or both A and B are true (or exist).
- Secondary batteries also known as rechargeable batteries or accumulators, refer to batteries that can be activated by charging the active materials and continue to be used after the battery is discharged.
- a secondary battery typically includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a separator, and an electrolyte.
- active ions such as lithium ions
- the separator is arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, which mainly plays a role in preventing the short circuit of the positive and negative poles, and at the same time allows active ions to pass through.
- the electrolyte is between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and mainly plays the role of conducting active ions.
- One embodiment of the present application provides a positive electrode active material, comprising a compound represented by formula (I),
- A includes one or more elements selected from Group IA, Group IIA, Group IIIA, Group IIB, Group VB and Group VIB;
- B includes one or more elements selected from group IA, group IIA, group IIIA, group IVA, group VA, group IIB, group IVB, group VB, group VIB and group VIII;
- C includes one or more elements selected from Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group VA and Group VIA;
- D includes one or more elements selected from Group VIA and Group VIIA;
- a is selected from the range of 0.85 to 1.15;
- x is selected from the range of 0 to 0.1;
- y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.999;
- z is selected from the range of 0 to 0.5;
- n is selected from the range of 0 to 0.5.
- the above-mentioned limitation on the numerical range of x is not only a limitation on the stoichiometric number of each element as A, but also a limitation on each element as A.
- Limitation of the sum of stoichiometric numbers For example, when A is two or more elements A1, A2...An, the respective stoichiometric numbers x1, x2...xn of A1, A2...An each need to fall within the numerical range defined for x in this application, and x1 The sum of , x2...xn also needs to fall within this value range.
- B, C and D are two or more elements
- the limitations on the numerical ranges of the stoichiometric numbers of B, C and D in this application also have the above meanings.
- the positive electrode active material of the present application is obtained by element doping in the compound LiMnPO 4 , wherein A, B, C and D are elements doped at the Li site, Mn site, P site and O site of the compound LiMnPO 4 respectively .
- the performance improvement of lithium manganese phosphate is related to reducing the lattice change rate of lithium manganese phosphate and reducing surface activity during lithium intercalation and deintercalation. Reducing the lattice change rate can reduce the lattice constant difference between the two phases at the grain boundary, reduce the interfacial stress, and enhance the Li + transport capacity at the interface, thereby improving the rate performance of the positive electrode active material.
- the lattice change rate can be reduced by doping Li and/or Mn sites.
- Mn site doping can also effectively reduce the surface activity, thereby inhibiting the dissolution of Mn and the interface side reaction between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte.
- P-site doping makes the change rate of the Mn-O bond length faster and reduces the small polaron migration barrier of the material, which is beneficial to the electronic conductivity.
- O-site doping has a good effect on reducing the side reactions at the interface. The doping of P site and/or O site also affects the Mn stripping and kinetic properties of antisite defects.
- doping reduces the concentration of antisite defects in the material, improves the dynamic performance and gram capacity of the material, and can also change the morphology of the particles, thereby increasing the compaction density.
- the applicant unexpectedly found that by doping specific elements in specific amounts at the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site, significantly improved rate performance can be obtained while significantly reducing The dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements can significantly improve the cycle performance and/or high temperature stability, and the gram capacity and compaction density of the material are also improved.
- A comprises Rb, Cs, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ga, In, Cd, V, Ta, Cr, Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W
- elements optionally including one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W; and/or,
- B includes Rb, Cs, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, In, Pb, Bi, Cd, Hf, Ta, Cr, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Zn, Al, Na, K,
- Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge can be selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, One or more of Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb, and Ge; and/or,
- C includes one or more elements selected from B (boron), S, Si and N; and/or,
- D includes one or more elements selected from S, F, Cl, and Br.
- A includes any element selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo, and W, and may be any element selected from Mg and Nb; and/or ,
- B includes one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, optionally selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni , Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge at least two elements, more optionally selected from Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg at least two elements, further optionally selected as At least two elements selected from Fe, Ti, V, Co and Mg, further optionally being Fe and one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Co and Mg; and/or,
- C includes any element selected from B (boron), S, Si and N, optionally S; and/or,
- D includes any element selected from S, F, Cl and Br, and may be F.
- the lattice change rate during the delithiation process can be further reduced, thereby further improving the rate performance of the battery.
- the Mn-site doping elements within the above range the electronic conductivity can be further improved and the lattice change rate can be further reduced, thereby improving the rate performance and gram capacity of the battery.
- the P-site doping element within the above range the rate performance of the battery can be further improved.
- the side reactions at the interface can be further reduced, and the high-temperature performance of the battery can be improved.
- a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, optionally selected from the range of 0.97 to 1.01; and/or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005; and/or,
- y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, optionally selected from the range of 0.01 to 0.5, optionally selected from the range of 0.25 to 0.5; and/or,
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, optionally selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, more optionally selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005; and/or,
- n is selected from the range of 0 to 0.1, optionally selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.005.
- the value of y within the above range the gram capacity and rate performance of the material can be further improved.
- the value of x within the above range the dynamic performance of the material can be further improved.
- the rate performance of the secondary battery can be further improved.
- the value of n within the above range the high temperature performance of the secondary battery can be further improved.
- x is 0, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, and n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1; or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- z is 0, and n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1; or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5
- n is 0; or,
- x is 0, z is 0, and n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1; or,
- x is 0, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, and n is 0; or,
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5
- n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1.
- the present application is by doping specific elements at the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site in a specific amount, especially at the Mn site and the P site of LiMnPO 4 or the Doping a specific element in a specific amount on the Li site, Mn site, P site, and O site of LiMnPO 4 can significantly improve the rate performance, significantly reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn site doping elements, and significantly improve cycle performance and/or high temperature stability. Remarkably improve the gram capacity and compaction density of the material.
- y:z is selected from the range of 0.002 to 999, may be selected from the range of 0.025 to 999 or 0.002 to 500, more optionally selected from the range of 0.2 to 600, such as 0.2, 0.25 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 20, 70, 80, 84, 67, 91, 100, 134, 150, 182, 200, 250, 300 , 320, 350, 400, 420, 450, 500, 600, 999 or a range consisting of any two of the above values.
- the defects of the material can be reduced, and the integrity of the frame structure of the material can be improved, thereby effectively improving the structural stability of the material, and further improving the cycle stability of the secondary battery.
- z:n is selected from the range of 0.002 to 500, optionally selected from the range of 0.2 to 100, more optionally selected from the range of 0.2 to 50, such as 0.2, 0.8, 1, 1.25, 4 , 5, 50 or a range consisting of any two of the above values.
- A includes one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W;
- B includes one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge;
- C includes one or more elements selected from B (boron), S, Si and N;
- D includes one or more elements selected from S, F, Cl and Br;
- a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1
- x is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5
- z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1
- n is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1.
- the present application can obtain significantly improved rate performance by doping specific elements at the Li site, Mn site, P site, and O site of the compound LiMnPO 4 at the same time, while significantly reducing the doping of Mn and Mn sites. Dissolution of elements, significantly improved cycle performance and/or high temperature stability are obtained, and the gram capacity and compacted density of the material can also be increased.
- B includes one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Mo, W, Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, optional Ground is one or more elements selected from Zn, Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Co and Mg;
- C is one or more elements selected from B, Si, N and S;
- a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, x is 0, y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, and n is 0.
- the present application can improve the rate performance, reduce the stripping of Mn and Mn-site doping elements, improve the cycle performance and/or High temperature stability, increase the gram capacity and compaction density of the material.
- the average particle size range of the inner core prepared in the present application is 50-500nm, and the D v 50 is 200-300nm.
- the primary particle size of the core is in the range of 50-500nm, and the D v 50 is 200-300nm.
- the median particle diameter D v 50 refers to the particle diameter corresponding to when the cumulative volume distribution percentage of the material reaches 50%.
- the median particle diameter D v 50 of the material can be determined by laser diffraction particle size analysis. For example, with reference to the standard GB/T 19077-2016, a laser particle size analyzer (such as Malvern Master Size 3000) is used for measurement.
- the inventors of the present application cut out the middle region of the prepared positive electrode active material particles by focused ion beam (abbreviated as FIB), and analyzed it by transmission electron microscope (abbreviated as TEM) and X-ray energy spectrum ( Abbreviated as EDS) test found that each element is evenly distributed and no aggregation occurs.
- FIB focused ion beam
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDS X-ray energy spectrum
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, and the inner core includes a compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (I);
- the shell includes one or more cladding layers; the cladding layers are ionically or electronically conductive.
- the present application obtains the doped lithium manganese phosphate inner core by doping the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site with a specific amount of specific elements, and sets an ion-conducting core on the core surface. It provides a new type of positive electrode active material with a core-shell structure.
- the application of positive electrode active materials in secondary batteries can significantly improve the high-temperature cycle performance and cycle stability of secondary batteries. performance and high temperature storage performance.
- the shell includes a coating
- the cladding layer includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride and polymer.
- the present application can obtain a coating layer with ion conductivity or electron conductivity by using the above materials, thereby improving the high-temperature cycle performance, cycle stability and high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- the shell includes a first cladding layer surrounding the inner core and a second cladding layer surrounding the first cladding layer;
- each of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer independently includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride, and polymer.
- the present application adopts the above-mentioned materials as the material of the coating layer, and providing two layers of coating layers can further improve the high-temperature cycle performance, cycle stability and high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- the first cladding layer includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, oxide, and boride
- the second cladding layer includes one selected from carbon and doped carbon. one or more species.
- this application adopts the first cladding layer of a specific material and the second cladding layer of a specific material, which can further improve the rate performance, further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements, thereby improving the cycle performance of the secondary battery and/or high temperature stability.
- the shell includes a first cladding layer surrounding the inner core, a second cladding layer surrounding the first cladding layer, and a third cladding layer surrounding the second cladding layer;
- each of the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer and the third cladding layer independently comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride and polymer one or more.
- this application adopts the above-mentioned materials as the material of the cladding layer, and setting up three cladding layers can further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements, and further improve the high-temperature cycle performance, cycle stability and high-temperature stability of the secondary battery. storage performance.
- the first coating layer includes pyrophosphate
- the second coating layer includes one or more selected from phosphate, oxide and boride
- the third coating layer includes carbon and One or more of doped carbon.
- the present application adopts the first cladding layer of a specific material, the second cladding layer of a specific material, and the third cladding layer of a specific material, which further improves the rate performance and further reduces the difference between Mn and Mn-site doping elements. Dissolution, thereby improving the cycle performance and/or high temperature stability of the secondary battery, and further increasing the gram capacity and compacted density of the material.
- the one or more coating layers each independently include one or more selected from the group consisting of pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride, and polymer.
- the pyrophosphate is M b (P 2 O 7 ) c ; and/or,
- Phosphate is X m (PO 4 ) q ; and/or,
- the doping elements in the doped carbon include one or more selected from group IIIA, group VA, group VIA and group VIIA; and/or,
- the oxide is M′ d O e ; and/or,
- boride is Z v B w ;
- the polymer includes one or more selected from polysaccharides and their derivatives, polysiloxane;
- M, X and Z each independently include one or more elements selected from Group IA, Group IIA, Group IIIA, Group IB, Group IIB, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIIB and Group VIII; b is selected from 1 From the range of 1 to 4, c is selected from the range of 1 to 6; m is selected from the range of 1 to 2, and q is selected from the range of 1 to 4; M' includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, group IIIA elements , one or more elements of group IVA elements, lanthanides and Sb, d is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2, e is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5; v is selected from the range of 1 to 7, and w is selected from 1 to 2 range.
- the present application can further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements by using the above-mentioned materials as the coating layer, further improve the gram capacity and compaction density of the material, and further improve the rate performance and high-temperature cycle performance of the secondary battery. and high temperature storage performance.
- M, X, and Z each independently include one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb, and Al; and /or,
- the doping elements in the doped carbon include one or more selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron and fluorine; and/or,
- M' includes Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As , Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, W, La and Ce, one or more elements, can be selected as Including one or more elements selected from Mg, Al, Si, Zn, Zr and Sn; and/or,
- Polysiloxane is selected from one or more of polysiloxanes of linear structure and polysiloxane of ring structure; and/or,
- the polysaccharide is selected from one or more of plant polysaccharides and marine polysaccharides.
- the present application can further reduce the dissolution of Mn and Mn-site doping elements by using the above-mentioned specific materials as the coating layer, and further improve the high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By y P 1-z C z O 4 , wherein a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, and B includes One or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb, Zn and Ge, C includes B (boron), S, Si and N One or more elements in
- the shell includes a first cladding layer enclosing the inner core and a second cladding layer enclosing the first cladding layer,
- the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 and phosphate XPO 4 , wherein M and X are each independently selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, One or more of Nb and Al;
- the second cladding layer contains carbon.
- the lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material of the present application has a core-shell structure with two cladding layers, and the element B doped at the manganese position of the lithium manganese phosphate in the core helps to reduce the process of lithium deintercalation.
- the crystal lattice change rate of lithium manganese phosphate improves the structural stability of lithium manganese phosphate cathode material, greatly reduces the dissolution of manganese and reduces the oxygen activity on the particle surface.
- the element C doped at the phosphorus site helps to change the difficulty of the change of the Mn-O bond length, thereby reducing the migration barrier of lithium ions, promoting the migration of lithium ions, and improving the rate performance of the secondary battery.
- the first coating layer of the positive electrode active material of the present application includes pyrophosphate and phosphate. Due to the high migration barrier (>1eV) of transition metals in pyrophosphate, the dissolution of transition metals can be effectively inhibited. Phosphate has an excellent ability to conduct lithium ions, and can reduce the content of lithium impurities on the surface.
- the second cladding layer is a carbon-containing layer, it can effectively improve the electrical conductivity and desolvation ability of LiMnPO 4 .
- the "barrier" effect of the second cladding layer can further hinder the migration of manganese ions into the electrolyte and reduce the corrosion of the active materials by the electrolyte.
- this application can effectively suppress the dissolution of Mn in the process of lithium intercalation and deintercalation, and at the same time promote the migration of lithium ions, thereby improving the rate performance of the battery cell and increasing the secondary The cycle performance and high temperature performance of the battery.
- the positive electrode active material of the present application is basically consistent with the positions of the main characteristic peaks before doping of LiMnPO , indicating that doping
- the mixed lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material has no impurity phase, and the improvement of the performance of the secondary battery is mainly caused by element doping, not the impurity phase.
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By y P 1-z C z O 4 , wherein a is selected from the range of 0.9 to 1.1, y is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.5, z is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.1, and B includes One or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, and C includes elements selected from B (boron), S, Si and N one or more elements;
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a third cladding layer covering the second cladding layer, wherein,
- the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h , where, 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ g ⁇ 4, 1 ⁇ h ⁇ 6, pyrophosphate Q in the salt Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h is each independently selected from Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb and Al one or more elements of
- the second cladding layer includes crystalline phosphate XPO 4 , wherein X is one or more elements selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb and Al ;
- the third cladding layer contains carbon.
- the cathode active material of the present application can improve the gram capacity, cycle performance and safety performance of the secondary battery.
- the lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material of the present application has a core-shell structure, wherein by doping the manganese site and phosphorus site of the lithium manganese phosphate core respectively with element B and element C, not only can effectively reduce The dissolution of manganese, thereby reducing the migration of manganese ions to the negative electrode, reducing the consumption of electrolyte due to the decomposition of the SEI film, improving the cycle performance and safety performance of the secondary battery, can also promote the adjustment of Mn-O bonds, and reduce the migration barrier of lithium ions.
- the core by coating the core with the first coating layer including pyrophosphate, the migration resistance of manganese can be further increased, its dissolution can be reduced, and the content of lithium on the surface can be reduced.
- the contact between the inner core and the electrolyte can reduce the side reaction at the interface, reduce gas production, and improve the high-temperature storage performance, cycle performance and safety performance of the secondary battery; by further coating the phosphate coating layer with excellent lithium ion conductivity, It can effectively reduce the interfacial side reactions on the surface of the positive electrode active material, thereby improving the high-temperature cycle and storage performance of the secondary battery; by further coating the carbon layer as the third coating layer, the safety and performance of the secondary battery can be further improved.
- the element B doped at the manganese position of lithium manganese phosphate also helps to reduce the lattice change rate of lithium manganese phosphate during the process of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, and improves the structural stability of lithium manganese phosphate cathode material. properties, greatly reducing the dissolution of manganese and reducing the oxygen activity on the particle surface; the element C doped at the phosphorus site also helps to change the difficulty of the Mn-O bond length change, thereby improving electronic conductivity and reducing the lithium ion migration barrier , promote the migration of lithium ions, and improve the rate performance of the secondary battery.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ideal positive electrode active material with a three-layer cladding structure.
- the innermost circle schematically represents the inner core, and the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer, and the third cladding layer are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside. What this figure shows is the ideal state where each layer is completely covered. In practice, each layer of coating can be completely covered or partially covered.
- the entire inner core system maintains electrical neutrality, which can ensure that the defects and impurity phases in the positive electrode active material are as small as possible. If there is an excess of transition metals (such as manganese) in the positive electrode active material, since the structure of the material system itself is relatively stable, the excess transition metals are likely to be precipitated in the form of simple substances, or form impurity phases inside the lattice to maintain electrical neutrality. Sex can make such impurity as little as possible. In addition, ensuring the electrical neutrality of the system can also generate lithium vacancies in the material in some cases, so that the kinetic performance of the material is better.
- transition metals such as manganese
- the one or more cladding layers in the shell that are farthest from the inner core each independently include one or more selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives.
- the uniformity of coating can be improved, and the interface side reaction caused by high voltage can be effectively blocked, thereby improving the high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the material; moreover, the coating layer has good electronic conductivity and ion conductivity , which helps to increase the gram capacity of the material, and at the same time reduces the heat generation of the battery cell.
- the polysiloxane comprises a structural unit represented by formula (i),
- R and R are independently selected from H, -COOH, -OH, -SH, -CN, -SCN, amino, phosphate, carboxylate, amido, aldehyde, sulfonyl, polyether Chain segment, C1 ⁇ C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, C1 ⁇ C20 halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, C1 ⁇ C20 heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group, C1 ⁇ C20 halogenated heteroaliphatic hydrocarbon group, C6 ⁇ C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group, C6 ⁇ C20 halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon group, C2 ⁇ C20 Heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group and C2 ⁇ C20 halogenated heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group;
- R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, amino group, phosphate group, polyether segment, C1 ⁇ C8 alkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 haloalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 heteroalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 halo Heteroalkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl and C2-C8 haloalkenyl.
- the polysiloxane further includes a capping group
- the capping group includes at least one of the following functional groups: polyether, C1 ⁇ C8 alkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 haloalkyl, C1 ⁇ C8 hetero Alkyl group, C1 ⁇ C8 haloheteroalkyl group, C2 ⁇ C8 alkenyl group, C2 ⁇ C8 haloalkenyl group, C6 ⁇ C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group, C1 ⁇ C8 alkoxy group, C2 ⁇ C8 epoxy group, hydroxyl group, C1 ⁇ C8 hydroxyalkyl, amino, C1-C8 aminoalkyl, carboxy, C1-C8 carboxyalkyl.
- the polysiloxane comprises polydimethylsiloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, polymethylethylsiloxane, polymethylvinylsiloxane, polyphenyl Methylsiloxane, polymethylhydrogensiloxane, carboxy-functional polysiloxane, epoxy-terminated polysiloxane, methoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydroxypropyl-terminated polysiloxane Dimethicone, Polymethylchloropropylsiloxane, Hydroxy-terminated Dimethicone, Polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane, Perfluorooctylmethicone, Ammonia Ethylaminopropyl Dimethicone, Terminated Polyether Dimethicone, Side Chain Aminopropyl Dimethicone, Aminopropyl Terminated Dimethicone, Side Chain Phosphat
- the number average molecular weight of polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivative is independently below 300,000, may be 10,000 to 200,000, more may be 20,000 to 120,000, and may be further may be 400 to 80,000.
- the mass percentage of polar functional groups in polysiloxane is ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 50%, alternatively, 5% ⁇ 30%.
- the substituents attached to the sugar units in polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives each independently include at least one of the following functional groups: -OH, -COOH and salts thereof, -R-OH, -SO 3 H and its salts, -R-OH, -R-SO 3 H and its salts, sulfate groups, alkoxy groups, wherein, R represents an alkylene group, optionally representing a C1-C5 alkylene group;
- the substituents attached to the sugar units in polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives each independently include at least one of the following functional groups: -OH, -COOH, -COOLi, -COONa, -COOK, - SO 3 H, -SO 3 Li, -SO 3 Na, -SO 3 K, -CH 2 -SO 3 H, -CH 2 -SO 3 Li, -CH 2 -SO 3 Na, -CH 2 -SO 3 K , Methoxy, Ethoxy.
- the polysaccharide comprises pectin, carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, dextrin, cellulose ether, carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxy Propyl methylcellulose, guar gum, kale gum, acacia gum, lithium alginate, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, fucoidan, agar, carrageenan, carrageenan, xanthan gum, and fenugreek gum one or more of.
- the mass percent content of the substituents attached to the sugar units in the polysaccharide and the polysaccharide derivative is independently 20% to 85%, optionally 30% to 78%.
- the lattice mismatch between the material of the core and the material of the shell is less than 10%. Thereby, the contact between the inner core and the shell (or cladding layer) can be improved to prevent the shell (or cladding layer) from coming off.
- the content of manganese element is in the range of 10% by weight-35% by weight, optionally in the range of 13.3% by weight-33.2% by weight, more optionally in the range of 15% by weight-30% by weight, further optionally in the range of 17% by weight-20% by weight % by weight; and/or,
- the content of phosphorus element is in the range of 12 wt%-25 wt%, optionally in the range of 15 wt%-20 wt%, more optionally in the range of 16.8 wt%-19.5 wt%; and/or,
- the weight ratio range of manganese element to phosphorus element is 0.71-1.85, optionally 0.90-1.25, more optionally 0.95-1.20.
- the content of manganese may correspond to that of the inner core.
- limiting the content of the manganese element within the above range can further improve the stability and density of the material, thereby improving the cycle, storage and compaction performance of the secondary battery; and can maintain a higher voltage platform, Thereby increasing the energy density of the secondary battery.
- limiting the content of phosphorus element within the above range can effectively reduce the influence of small polaron conduction on the conductivity of the material, and can further improve the stability of the lattice structure, thus affecting the overall stability of the material.
- the weight ratio of manganese to phosphorus content has the following effects on the performance of the secondary battery: it can further reduce the dissolution of manganese, further improve the stability and gram capacity of the positive electrode active material, and then affect the cycle performance and storage performance of the secondary battery; it can reduce impurities. phase, further reducing the discharge voltage platform of the material, thereby reducing the energy density of the secondary battery.
- the measurement of manganese and phosphorus elements can be carried out by conventional technical means in this field. Particularly, adopt the following method to determine the content of manganese element and phosphorus element: material is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid (concentration 10-30%), utilize the content of each element of ICP test solution, then measure and convert the content of manganese element, Get its weight ratio.
- the surface of the positive electrode active material is coated with one or more of carbon and doped carbon; optionally, the surface of the positive electrode active material is coated with carbon. Thereby, the conductivity of the cathode active material can be improved.
- doping elements in the doped carbon include one or more selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron, and fluorine. It is convenient to control the properties of the doped carbon layer.
- y is in the range of 0.1-999, optionally in the range of 0.1-10 or in the range of 0.67-999, more preferably in the range of 1 to 10, further optionally in the range of 1 to 4 In the range, further optionally in the range of 1.5 to 3; and/or,
- a:x is in the range of 1 to 1200, optionally in the range of 9 to 1100, more preferably in the range of 190-998.
- y represents the sum of stoichiometric numbers of Mn-site doping elements.
- the ratio of z to 1-z in the kernel is 1:9 to 1:999, optionally 1:499 to 1:249.
- the shell is coated in an amount of 0.1% to 6%, based on the weight of the inner core.
- the coating amount of the coating layer in the present application is preferably within the above range, which can fully cover the inner core, and at the same time, further improve the kinetic performance and safety performance of the secondary battery without sacrificing the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material.
- the coating amount of the first coating layer is greater than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 7% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6% by weight, and more optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight. % by weight or 4-5.6% by weight, further optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the inner core; and/or,
- the coating amount of the second coating layer is greater than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 6% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight, more optionally 2-4% by weight or 3-5% by weight, Kernel-based weight scales; and/or,
- the coating amount of the third cladding layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6% by weight, optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5.5% by weight, more optionally greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2% by weight, based on the inner core weighing scale.
- the shell further comprises a fourth coating layer coating the third coating layer and a fifth coating layer coating the fourth coating layer; wherein,
- the coating amounts of the fourth coating layer and the fifth coating layer are each independently 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, optionally 0.05% by weight to 10% by weight, more optionally 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, Further 0.1% to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the inner core.
- the coating amount of each layer of coating layer is preferably within the above range, so that the inner core can be fully coated without sacrificing the gram capacity of the positive electrode active material. Under the premise, the kinetic performance and safety performance of the secondary battery are further improved.
- the shell is located between 40% and 90% of the surface of the inner core, optionally between 60% and 80% of the surface.
- the inner core can be fully coated, thereby improving the kinetic performance and safety performance of the secondary battery.
- the thickness of the shell is 1-15 nm.
- the thickness of the first cladding layer is 1-10 nm, optionally 2-10 nm; and/or,
- the thickness of the second cladding layer is 2-25nm, optionally 2-15nm, more optionally 3-15nm; and/or,
- the thickness of the third cladding layer is 2-25 nm, optionally 5-25 nm.
- the thickness of the first cladding layer can be about 2 nm, about 3 nm, about 4 nm, about 5 nm, about 6 nm, about 7 nm, about 8 nm, about 9 nm, or about 10 nm, or within any range of any of the above values Inside.
- the thickness of the second cladding layer can be about 2 nm, about 3 nm, about 4 nm, about 5 nm, about 6 nm, about 7 nm, about 8 nm, about 9 nm, about 10 nm, about 11 nm, about 12 nm, about 13 nm , about 14 nm, about 15 nm, or within any range of any of the above numerical values.
- the thickness of the third cladding layer can be about 2 nm, about 3 nm, about 4 nm, about 5 nm, about 6 nm, about 7 nm, about 8 nm, about 9 nm, about 10 nm, about 11 nm, about 12 nm, about 13nm, about 14nm, about 15nm, about 16nm, about 17nm, about 18nm, about 19nm, about 20nm, about 21nm, about 22nm, about 23nm, about 24nm or about 25nm, or within any range of any of the above numerical values.
- the first cladding layer has the above-mentioned thickness range, which can further reduce the adverse effect on the dynamic performance of the material, and can reduce the problem that the migration of transition metal ions cannot be effectively hindered.
- the second coating layer has the above thickness range, so that the surface structure of the second coating layer is stable, and the side reaction with the electrolyte is small, so the side reaction at the interface can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the high temperature performance of the secondary battery.
- the third cladding layer has the above-mentioned thickness range, which can improve the electrical conductivity of the material and improve the compaction density performance of the battery electrode sheet prepared by using the positive electrode active material.
- the thickness test of the coating layer is mainly carried out by FIB.
- the specific method may include the following steps: randomly select a single particle from the positive electrode active material powder to be tested, cut a thin slice with a thickness of about 100 nm from the middle position of the selected particle or near the middle position, and then Carry out TEM test on the sheet, measure the thickness of the cladding layer, measure 3-5 positions, and take the average value.
- one or more coating layers each independently include one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate and oxide, and, selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate and oxide One or more of which are crystalline;
- the crystallinity of pyrophosphate, phosphate and oxide each independently ranges from 10% to 100%, more preferably from 50% to 100%.
- the crystalline state means that the degree of crystallinity is above 50%, that is, 50%-100%.
- a crystallinity of less than 50% is called a glassy state.
- the crystallinity of the crystalline pyrophosphate and crystalline phosphate of the present application is 50% to 100%.
- Pyrophosphate and phosphate with a certain degree of crystallinity are not only conducive to giving full play to the ability of the pyrophosphate coating layer to hinder the dissolution of manganese and the excellent ability of the phosphate coating layer to conduct lithium ions, and to reduce the interface side reactions.
- the phosphate coating layer and the phosphate coating layer can perform better lattice matching, so that a tight combination between the coating layer and the coating layer can be achieved.
- the degree of crystallinity can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the process conditions of the sintering process, such as sintering temperature, sintering time, and the like. Crystallinity can be measured by methods known in the art, such as by X-ray diffraction, density, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance absorption methods.
- the method for testing the crystallinity of positive electrode active material by concrete X-ray diffraction method may comprise the following steps:
- the total scattering intensity by X-rays which is the sum of the scattering intensity of the entire space material, which is only related to the intensity of primary rays, the chemical structure of positive electrode active material powder, and the total number of electrons participating in the diffraction.
- the quality is related to the order state of the sample; then the crystalline scattering and the non-crystalline scattering are separated from the diffraction pattern, and the crystallinity is the ratio of the crystalline partial scattering to the total scattering intensity.
- the weight ratio of pyrophosphate to phosphate and the weight ratio of pyrophosphate to oxide are each independently 1:3 to 3:1, optionally 1:3 to 1:1 . Therefore, by using pyrophosphate and phosphate in a suitable weight ratio range or pyrophosphate and oxide in a suitable weight ratio range, it can not only effectively hinder the dissolution of manganese, but also effectively reduce the content of lithium impurities on the surface and reduce interface side reactions. , thereby improving the high-temperature storage performance, safety performance and cycle performance of the secondary battery.
- one or more coating layers each independently include carbon, and the carbon is a mixture of carbon in SP2 form and carbon in SP3 form, optionally, in carbon, the molar ratio of carbon in SP2 form to carbon in SP3 form Any value within the range of 0.07-13, more preferably any value within the range of 0.1-10, further optionally any value within the range of 2.0-3.0.
- the molar ratio of SP2 form carbon to SP3 form carbon can be about 0.1, about 0.2, about 03, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, about 0.9, about 1, about 2 , about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, or about 10, or within any range of any of the above values.
- the comprehensive electrical performance of the secondary battery is improved.
- the carbon in the coating layer is all amorphous SP3 If they are all in the form of graphitized SP2, the conductivity is good, but there are few lithium ion paths, which is not conducive to the deintercalation of lithium.
- limiting the molar ratio of SP2 carbon to SP3 carbon within the above range can not only achieve good electrical conductivity, but also ensure the passage of lithium ions, which is beneficial to the realization of the function of the secondary battery and its cycle performance.
- the mixing ratio of the SP2 form and the SP3 form of carbon can be controlled by sintering conditions such as sintering temperature and sintering time.
- the molar ratio of SP2 form carbon and SP3 form carbon can be measured by Raman (Raman) spectrum, and concrete test method is as follows: by dividing the energy spectrum of Raman test, obtain Id/Ig (wherein Id is the peak of SP3 form carbon Intensity, Ig is the peak intensity of SP2 form carbon), thereby confirming the molar ratio of the two.
- one or more cladding layers each independently include doped carbon, and, in the doped carbon, the mass content of the doping element is below 30%; alternatively, in the doped carbon, doped The mass content of heteroelements is below 20%.
- Doping elements within the above content range can not only fully improve the conductivity of the pure carbon layer, but also effectively avoid excessive surface activity due to excessive doping of doping elements, thereby effectively controlling the overdoping of the cladding layer. interface side reactions.
- each of the one or more cladding layers independently includes doped carbon in which,
- the doping element is nitrogen and/or sulfur, and the mass content of the doping element in the doped carbon is 1% to 15%; or,
- the doping element is phosphorus element, boron element and/or fluorine element, and the mass content of the doping element in the doped carbon is 0.5% to 5%;
- the doping element is nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron or fluorine.
- the conductivity of the doped carbon layer can be fully exerted. , and can promote lithium ion transport and lithium ion desolvation ability.
- one or more cladding layers each independently include pyrophosphate, and the interplanar distance of pyrophosphate is in the range of 0.293-0.470 nm, optionally 0.297-0.462 nm or 0.293-0.326 nm, more preferably Selected as 0.300-0.310nm, the angle range of the crystal direction (111) is 18.00°-32.57°, can be 18.00°-32.00° or 26.41°-32.57°, more can be 19.211°-30.846°, and can be further selected as 29.00°-30.00°; and/or,
- One or more cladding layers each independently include phosphate, the interplanar distance of phosphate is in the range of 0.244-0.425nm, optionally 0.345-0.358nm, and the included angle of the crystal direction (111) is in the range of 20.00°-37.00° , can be selected as 24.25°-26.45°;
- the first cladding layer or the second cladding layer comprises phosphate.
- Both the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer in the positive electrode active material of the present application use crystalline substances, and their interplanar spacing and included angle ranges are within the above-mentioned ranges. As a result, the impurity phase in the cladding layer can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the gram capacity, cycle performance and rate performance of the material.
- the lattice change rate of the positive electrode active material before and after completely deintercalating lithium is 50% or less, optionally 9.8% or less, more preferably 8.1% or less, further optionally 7.5% or less, and further It may be less than 6%, more preferably less than 4%, even less than 3.8%, and even more preferably 2.0-3.8%.
- Li ion transport can be made easier, that is, Li ion has a stronger mobility in the material, which is beneficial to improve the rate performance of the secondary battery.
- the rate of lattice change can be measured by methods known in the art, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- the Li/Mn antisite defect concentration of the positive electrode active material is less than 5.3%, optionally less than 5.1%, more preferably less than 4%, further optionally less than 2.2%, and further optionally less than 2.2%. 2% or less, further optionally 1.5%-2.2% or 0.5% or less.
- the so-called Li/Mn antisite defect refers to the exchange of the positions of Li + and Mn 2+ in the LiMnPO 4 lattice.
- the Li/Mn antisite defect concentration refers to the percentage of Li + that is exchanged with Mn 2+ in the total Li + in the cathode active material.
- the Mn 2+ of antisite defects will hinder the transport of Li + , which is beneficial to improve the gram capacity and rate performance of positive electrode active materials by reducing the concentration of Li/Mn antisite defects.
- the Li/Mn antisite defect concentration can be measured by methods known in the art, such as XRD.
- the compacted density of the positive electrode active material at 3T is 1.89 g/cm 3 or more, optionally 1.95 g/cm 3 or more, more preferably 1.98 g/cm 3 or more, and further optionally 2.0 g/cm 3 or more.
- the compacted density can be measured according to GB/T 24533-2009.
- the surface oxygen valence state of the positive electrode active material is less than -1.55, optionally less than -1.82, more preferably less than -1.88, further optionally less than -1.90 or -1.98 to -1.88, further It can be selected from -1.98 to -1.89, and further can be selected from -1.98 to -1.90.
- the interface side reaction between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte solution can be reduced, thereby improving the cycle performance and high temperature stability of the secondary battery.
- the surface oxygen valence state can be measured by methods known in the art, for example by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).
- the application provides a method for preparing positive electrode active material, which comprises the steps of:
- the present application can obtain significantly improved rate performance by doping specific elements at the Mn site of the compound LiMnPO 4 and optionally at the Li site, P site and/or O site in a specific amount, while significantly reducing the Mn With the stripping of Mn-site doping elements, significantly improved cycle performance and/or high-temperature stability are obtained, and the gram capacity and compacted density of the material can also be improved.
- the method specifically includes the following steps:
- the obtained particles are sintered to obtain the inner core Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1-z C z O 4-n D n ; where A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n is defined as in [Positive electrode active material].
- lithium source, phosphorus source, optional source of element A, optional source of element C, optional source of element D, carbon source, carbon layer doped The source of the heteroelement, the solvent, and the manganese salt doped with element B are added to the reaction vessel and ground and mixed to obtain a slurry; other steps are the same as above; obtain the positive electrode active material;
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1- z C z O 4-n D n , the shell contains doped carbon, and the doping in doped carbon
- the elements include one or more selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron and fluorine; wherein, the definitions of A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n are as in [positive electrode active material].
- the solvents in the step of preparing the manganese salt doped with element B and the step of preparing the slurry can each independently be a solvent conventionally used by those skilled in the art in the preparation of manganese salt and lithium manganese phosphate, for example They may be each independently selected from at least one of ethanol, water (such as deionized water), and the like.
- the method also includes the steps of:
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the inner core is Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1- z C z O 4-n D n , the shell includes one or more cladding layers, each cladding
- the coating independently includes one or more selected from pyrophosphate, phosphate, carbon, doped carbon, oxide, boride and polymer; wherein, A, B, C, D, a, x, The definitions of y, z and n are as in [positive electrode active material]; optionally, the polymer includes one or more selected from polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives.
- the method also includes the steps of:
- suspension comprising phosphate Xm ( PO4 ) q and/or oxide M'dOe , wherein the suspension also comprises a source of carbon and/or a source of doped carbon;
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core and a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y B y P 1-z C z O 4- n D n , the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate M b (P 2 O 7 ) c and is selected from phosphate X m (PO 4 ) q and oxide M′ d O One or more of e , the second cladding layer includes one or more selected from carbon and doped carbon, optionally, the doping elements in doped carbon include nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur , one or more of boron and fluorine, wherein, A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n are as defined in [positive electrode active material], M, X, M', b, The definitions of c, d, e, m, and q
- the method also includes the steps of:
- the inner core and pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 powder are added to the XPO 4 suspension containing carbon sources and mixed, and the positive electrode active material is obtained by sintering; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core and a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y B y P 1-z C z O 4- n D n , the first cladding layer includes pyrophosphate MP 2 O 7 and phosphate XPO 4 , the second cladding layer includes carbon, wherein, A, B, C, D, The definitions of a, x, y, z and n are as in [Positive electrode active material], and the definitions of M and X are as in [Positive electrode active material].
- the method also includes the steps of:
- pyrophosphate M b (P 2 O 7 ) c suspension suspension containing one or more selected from phosphate X m (PO 4 ) q , oxide M′ d O e and boride Turbid liquids and suspensions of sources comprising carbon and/or sources doped with carbon;
- the inner core is mixed with all the suspensions mentioned above, and sintered to obtain the positive electrode active material; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core,
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By P 1-z C z O 4
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a second cladding layer covering the second cladding layer.
- the method also includes the steps of:
- Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h and XPO 4 suspensions are provided respectively, the inner core is added to the suspension and mixed, and the positive electrode active material is obtained by sintering; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core, the inner core includes Li a A x Mn 1-y By y P 1- z C z O 4-n D n , the shell includes the first cladding layer covering the inner core, the outer shell A second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer and a third cladding layer covering the second cladding layer, the first cladding layer comprising pyrophosphate Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h , the second coating layer includes phosphate XPO 4 , and the third coating layer includes carbon, wherein, A, B, C, D, a, x, y, z and n are defined as in [Positive electrode active material ], the definitions of Q, X, f, g and h are as in [positive active material].
- the method also includes the steps of:
- the first coating step the source of the element Q, the phosphorus source and the acid and optionally the lithium source are dissolved in a solvent to obtain the first coating containing Li f QP 2 O 7 and/or Q g (P 2 O 7 ) h A cladding layer suspension; fully mixing the inner core with the first cladding layer suspension, drying, and sintering to obtain the material coated with the first cladding layer;
- the second coating step dissolving the source of element X, the phosphorus source and the acid in a solvent to obtain a suspension of the second coating layer containing XPO 4 ; coating the first coating layer obtained in the first coating step The coated material is fully mixed with the suspension of the second coating layer, dried, and sintered to obtain a material coated with two coating layers;
- the third coating step dissolving the carbon source in the solvent, fully dissolving to obtain the third coating layer solution; then adding the materials coated with the two coating layers obtained in the second coating step to the third coating layer solution , mixed uniformly, dried, and then sintered to obtain a three-layer coated material, that is, a positive electrode active material.
- the method also includes the steps of:
- pyrophosphate M b (P 2 O 7 ) c powder one or more powders selected from phosphate X m (PO 4 ) q , oxide M′ d O e and boride, and carbon source powder and/or doped carbon source powder;
- the inner core is mixed with all the above-mentioned powders and ground, and dried to obtain the positive electrode active material; wherein,
- the positive electrode active material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core,
- the inner core includes Li a Mn 1-y By P 1-z C z O 4
- the shell includes a first cladding layer covering the inner core, a second cladding layer covering the first cladding layer, and a second cladding layer covering the second cladding layer.
- drying is performed by a spray granulation dryer.
- the method also includes the steps of:
- the polymer includes one or more selected from polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives;
- the positive electrode active material and the polymer are coated by a dry method or a wet method, and the obtained material includes an inner core and a shell covering the inner core;
- the one or more cladding layers in the shell that are farthest from the inner core each independently include one or more selected from polysiloxane, polysaccharide and polysaccharide derivatives.
- the source of element A is selected from at least one of element A, oxides, phosphates, oxalates, carbonates, and sulfates; and/or,
- the source of element B is selected from at least one of element B, oxides, phosphates, oxalates, carbonates, halides, nitrates, organic acid salts, hydroxides and sulfates, and can be selected as At least one selected from element B, oxides, phosphates, oxalates, carbonates, and sulfates, optionally selected from element B elements, sulfates, halides, nitrates, and organic acids At least one of salts, oxides and hydroxides, optionally selected from elemental B, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, organic acid salts, oxides and hydroxides at least one; and/or,
- the source of element C is selected from at least one of element C, halides, organic acid salts, oxides, hydroxides, inorganic acids, organic acids, sulfates, borates, nitrates and silicates, It can be selected from at least one of sulfate, borate, nitrate and silicate of element C, and can be selected from elemental C, sulfate, halide, nitrate, organic acid salt, At least one of oxides, hydroxides and inorganic acids, optionally selected from inorganic acids, organic acids, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, organic acid salts, oxides, hydroxides of element C at least one of; and/or,
- the source of element D is selected from at least one of element D and ammonium salt.
- the acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as oxalic acid, for example, oxalic acid.
- the acid is a dilute acid having a concentration of 60% by weight or less.
- the manganese source can be a manganese-containing substance known in the art that can be used to prepare lithium manganese phosphate, for example, the manganese source can be selected from one of elemental manganese, manganese dioxide, manganese phosphate, manganese oxalate, and manganese carbonate. species or a combination of them.
- the lithium source can be a lithium-containing substance known in the art that can be used to prepare lithium manganese phosphate, for example, the lithium source can be selected from one of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium phosphate, and lithium dihydrogen phosphate or a combination of them.
- the phosphorus source can be a phosphorus-containing substance known in the art that can be used to prepare lithium manganese phosphate, for example, the phosphorus source can be selected from one of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate and phosphoric acid or a combination of them.
- the addition amount of the respective sources of elements A, B, C, and D depends on the target doping amount, and the ratio of the amounts of the lithium source, the manganese source and the phosphorus source conforms to the stoichiometric ratio.
- Stirring is carried out at a temperature in the range of 20-120°C, optionally at a temperature in the range of 25-80°C or 40-120°C, further optionally at a temperature in the range of 60-120°C, and /or,
- grinding and mixing are carried out for 1-15 hours, optionally 8-15 hours; Mixing was carried out at temperature for 1-10 h.
- the doping elements By controlling the reaction temperature, stirring rate and mixing time during doping, the doping elements can be uniformly distributed, and the crystallinity of the material after sintering is higher, which can improve the gram capacity and rate performance of the material.
- the filter cake may be washed before drying the filter cake in the step of preparing the element B-doped manganese salt.
- the drying in the step of preparing the manganese salt doped with element B can be carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art and under known conditions, for example, the drying temperature can be at 120-300°C within range.
- the filter cake may be ground into particles after drying, eg, until the particles have a median diameter Dv 50 in the range of 50-200 nm.
- the median particle diameter Dv 50 refers to the particle diameter corresponding to when the cumulative volume distribution percentage of the positive electrode active material reaches 50%.
- the median diameter Dv 50 of the inner core can be determined by laser diffraction particle size analysis. For example, with reference to the standard GB/T 19077-2016, a laser particle size analyzer (such as Malvern Master Size 3000) is used for measurement.
- a carbon source is also added to the reaction vessel for grinding and mixing.
- the method can obtain a positive electrode active material whose surface is coated with carbon.
- the carbon source includes one or a combination of starch, sucrose, glucose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and citric acid.
- the amount of carbon source relative to the amount of lithium source is usually in the range of 0.1%-5% molar ratio. Grinding can be carried out by suitable grinding means known in the art, for example, it can be carried out by sand grinding.
- the temperature and time of spray-drying can be the conventional temperature and time of spray-drying in the art, for example, at 100-300° C. for 1-6 hours.
- sintering is performed at a temperature range of 600-900° C. for 6-14 hours.
- the sintering is performed under a protective atmosphere, which may be nitrogen, inert gas, hydrogen or a mixture thereof.
- the MP 2 O 7 powder is a commercially available product, or the MP 2 O 7 powder is prepared by the following method:
- M is selected from Li, Fe, Ni, Mg, One or more of Co, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ag, Zr, Nb and Al.
- the drying step is drying at 100-300° C., optionally 150-200° C., for 4-8 hours.
- the sintering step is sintering at 500-800° C., optionally 650-800° C., for 4-10 hours in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the sintering temperature in the cladding step is 500-800° C., and the sintering time is 4-10 h.
- an XPO suspension comprising a source of carbon is commercially available, or alternatively, prepared by combining a source of lithium, a source of X, a source of phosphorus Mix evenly with the carbon source in the solvent, then raise the temperature of the reaction mixture to 60-120° C. and keep it for 2-8 hours to obtain the XPO 4 suspension containing the carbon source.
- the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 4-6.
- the mass ratio of the inner core, the MP 2 O 7 powder and the XPO 4 suspension containing the source of carbon is: 1:(0.001-0.05):(0.001-0.05) .
- Sintering is carried out at 650-800°C for 2-6 hours.
- Sintering is carried out at 500-700°C for 6-10 hours.
- the sintering in the third cladding step is performed at 700-800° C. for 6-10 hours.
- the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode film layer includes a first positive electrode active material, and the first positive electrode active material is the aforementioned positive electrode active material or the positive electrode prepared by the aforementioned method Active material; optionally, the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode film layer is 90-99.5% by weight, more optionally 95-99.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode film layer.
- the positive electrode sheet further includes a second positive active material, and the second positive active material is different from the first positive active material.
- the second positive electrode active material includes one or more of LiE t Co s F (1-ts) O 2 , spinel lithium manganate and spinel lithium titanate, wherein, E includes one or more elements selected from group VIII, F includes one or more elements selected from IIIA and VIIB, t is selected from the range of 0 to 0.9, and the sum of t and s is selected from the range of 0.3 to 1 .
- E includes one or more elements selected from Ni, Fe, Ru, and Rh
- F includes one or more elements selected from Mn, Al, Ga, and In.
- the second positive electrode active material is selected from LiNitCosMn (1-ts) O2 , LiNitCosAl (1-ts) O2 , LiCoO2 , spinel lithium manganate and One or more of spinel lithium titanate; wherein, t is independently selected from 0.3-0.9, optionally 0.33-0.8, and the sum of t and s is independently selected from 0.3-0.9, optionally 0.66 -0.9.
- the mass ratio of the first active material to the second active material is 1:7-7:1, optionally 1:4-4:1.
- the ratio of t, (1-ts) and s in LiNitCosMn(1-ts) O2 is 5:2:3 or 3:1:1 or 8:1:1; and/or,
- the ratio of t, s and (1-ts) in LiNitCosAl (1 -ts) O2 is 5 :2:3 or 3:1:1 or 8:1:1.
- the sum of the mass of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material accounts for 88%-98.7% of the mass of the positive electrode sheet.
- the positive electrode current collector has two opposing surfaces in its own thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- a metal foil or a composite current collector can be used as the positive electrode current collector.
- aluminum foil can be used as the metal foil.
- the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base.
- the composite current collector can be formed by forming metal materials (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalic acid It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
- PP polypropylene
- PET polyethylene glycol ester
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PS polystyrene
- PE polyethylene
- the positive electrode active material can also be a positive electrode active material known in the art for batteries.
- the positive active material may include at least one of the following materials: olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
- the present application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials of batteries can also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode film layer may further optionally include a binder.
- the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene At least one of meta-copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and fluorine-containing acrylate resin.
- the positive electrode film layer may also optionally include a conductive agent.
- the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
- the positive electrode sheet can be prepared in the following manner: the above-mentioned components used to prepare the positive electrode sheet, such as positive electrode active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as N -methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode sheet can be obtained.
- a solvent such as N -methylpyrrolidone
- the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode film layer includes a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode current collector has two opposing surfaces in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposing surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
- a metal foil or a composite current collector can be used as the negative electrode current collector.
- copper foil can be used as the metal foil.
- the composite current collector may include a base layer of polymer material and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the base material of polymer material.
- Composite current collectors can be formed by metal materials (copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver and silver alloys, etc.) on polymer material substrates (such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalic acid It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
- the negative electrode active material can be a negative electrode active material known in the art for batteries.
- the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based material, tin-based material, lithium titanate, and the like.
- the silicon-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon-oxygen compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys.
- the tin-based material can be selected from at least one of simple tin, tin oxide and tin alloy.
- the present application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials of batteries can also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode film layer may further optionally include a binder.
- the binder may be selected from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), At least one of polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).
- the negative electrode film layer may also optionally include a conductive agent.
- the conductive agent may be selected from at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
- the negative electrode film layer may optionally include other additives, such as thickeners (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na)) and the like.
- thickeners such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na)
- CMC-Na sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- the negative electrode sheet can be prepared in the following manner: the above-mentioned components used to prepare the negative electrode sheet, such as negative electrode active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as deionized water) to form a negative electrode slurry; the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the negative electrode sheet can be obtained.
- a solvent such as deionized water
- the electrolyte plays the role of conducting ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
- the present application has no specific limitation on the type of electrolyte, which can be selected according to requirements.
- electrolytes can be liquid, gel or all solid.
- the electrolyte is liquid and includes an electrolyte salt and a solvent.
- the electrolyte salt may be selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl imide, trifluoromethane At least one of lithium sulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium difluorodifluorooxalatephosphate and lithium tetrafluorooxalatephosphate.
- the solvent may be selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, Butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate At least one of ester, 1,4-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone.
- the electrolyte also optionally includes additives.
- the additives may include negative film-forming additives, positive film-forming additives, and additives that can improve certain performances of the battery, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, additives that improve high-temperature or low-temperature performance of the battery, and the like.
- a separator is further included in the secondary battery.
- the present application has no particular limitation on the type of the isolation membrane, and any known porous structure isolation membrane with good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be selected.
- the material of the isolation film can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without any particular limitation. When the separator is a multilayer composite film, the materials of each layer may be the same or different, and there is no particular limitation.
- the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator can be made into an electrode assembly through a winding process or a lamination process.
- the secondary battery may include an outer package.
- the outer package can be used to package the above-mentioned electrode assembly and electrolyte.
- the outer packaging of the secondary battery may be a hard case, such as a hard plastic case, aluminum case, steel case, and the like.
- the outer packaging of the secondary battery may also be a soft bag, such as a bag-type soft bag.
- the material of the soft case may be plastic, and examples of the plastic include polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, and the like.
- FIG. 4 shows a secondary battery 5 having a square structure as an example.
- the outer package may include a housing 51 and a cover 53 .
- the housing 51 may include a bottom plate and a side plate connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates enclose to form an accommodating cavity.
- the housing 51 has an opening communicating with the accommodating cavity, and the cover plate 53 can cover the opening to close the accommodating cavity.
- the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator can form the electrode assembly 52 through a winding process or a lamination process.
- the electrode assembly 52 is packaged in the containing chamber. Electrolyte is infiltrated in the electrode assembly 52 .
- the number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the secondary battery 5 can be one or more, and those skilled in the art can select according to specific actual needs.
- the secondary battery can be assembled into a battery module, and the number of secondary batteries contained in the battery module can be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
- FIG. 6 is a battery module 4 as an example.
- a plurality of secondary batteries 5 may be arranged in sequence along the length direction of the battery module 4 .
- the plurality of secondary batteries 5 may be fixed by fasteners.
- the battery module 4 may also include a case having a housing space in which a plurality of secondary batteries 5 are accommodated.
- the above-mentioned battery modules can also be assembled into a battery pack, and the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack can be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
- the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and a plurality of battery modules 4 disposed in the battery box.
- the battery box includes an upper box body 2 and a lower box body 3 , the upper box body 2 can cover the lower box body 3 and form a closed space for accommodating the battery module 4 .
- Multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in the battery box in any manner.
- the present application also provides an electric device, which includes at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack provided in the present application.
- a secondary battery, a battery module, or a battery pack can be used as a power source of a power consumption device, and can also be used as an energy storage unit of the power consumption device.
- Electric devices can include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but not limited thereto.
- secondary batteries, battery modules, or battery packs can be selected according to their usage requirements.
- FIG. 9 is an example of an electrical device.
- the electric device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
- a battery pack or a battery module may be used.
- Preparation of doped lithium manganese phosphate Take 1 mol of the above-mentioned manganese oxalate particles, 0.497 mol of lithium carbonate, 0.001 mol of Mo(SO 4 ) 3 , 0.999 mol of phosphoric acid in an 85% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, and 0.001 mol of H 4 SiO 4 , 0.0005mol of NH 4 HF 2 and 0.005mol of sucrose were added to 20L of deionized water. The mixture was transferred to a sand mill and thoroughly ground and stirred for 10 hours to obtain a slurry.
- the positive electrode active material can be detected by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP).
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and acetylene black were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) at a weight ratio of 90:5:5, and stirred in a drying room to form a slurry.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the above slurry is coated on the aluminum foil, dried and cold pressed to form a positive electrode sheet.
- the coating amount was 0.2 g/cm 2
- the compacted density was 2.0 g/cm 3 .
- a lithium sheet is used as the negative electrode, and a solution of 1 mol/L LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with a volume ratio of 1:1:1 is used as the electrolyte , and assembled into a button battery (hereinafter also referred to as "button") in a button box together with the above-mentioned positive pole piece prepared.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the positive electrode active material with the conductive agent acetylene black and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the N-methylpyrrolidone solvent system at a weight ratio of 92:2.5:5.5, and then coat it on an aluminum foil and bake it. Dry and cold press to obtain the positive electrode sheet.
- the coating amount was 0.4 g/cm 2
- the compacted density was 2.4 g/cm 3 .
- Polyethylene (PE) porous polymer film is used as the separator, and the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode are stacked in order, so that the separator is in the middle of the positive and negative electrodes to play the role of isolation, and the bare cell is wound. .
- step (2) lithium carbonate is 0.55mol, MgSO 4 is 0.001mol, and NH 4 HF 2 is 0.001mol, all the other are the same as Preparation Example B55; obtain positive electrode active material Li 1.1 Mg 0.001 Mn 0.6 Fe 0.395 V 0.005 P 0.9 Si 0.1 O 3.998 F 0.002 .
- step (2) MgSO 4 is 0.1mol
- the aqueous phosphoric acid solution of concentration 85% contains 0.95mol phosphoric acid
- H 4 SiO 4 is 0.05mol
- NH 4 HF 2 is 0.025mol
- all the other are identical with preparation example B55;
- the positive electrode active material is Li 0.9 Mg 0.1 Mn 0.6 Fe 0.395 V 0.005 P 0.95 Si 0.05 O 3.95 F 0.05 .
- step (1) FeSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O is 0.002mol and does not use VCl 2 ; Phosphoric acid aqueous solution contains 0.96mol phosphoric acid, H 4 SiO 4 is 0.04 mol, NH 4 HF 2 is 0.01 mol; the rest is the same as Preparation Example B55; obtain positive electrode active material Li 0.95 Mg 0.05 Mn 0.999 Fe 0.001 P 0.96 Si 0.04 O 3.99 F 0.01 .
- step (1) MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O is 1.98mol, FeSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O is 0.02mol and does not use VCl 2 ; and except step (2) lithium carbonate is 0.475mol, concentration 85% Phosphoric acid aqueous solution contains 0.96mol phosphoric acid, H 4 SiO 4 is 0.04 mol, NH 4 HF 2 is 0.01 mol; the rest is the same as Preparation Example B55; obtain positive electrode active material Li 0.95 Mg 0.05 Mn 0.99 Fe 0.01 P 0.96 Si 0.04 O 3.99 F 0.01 .
- step (1) MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O is 1.6mol, FeSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O is 0.4mol and does not use VCl 2 ; and except step (2) lithium carbonate is 0.475mol, concentration 85% Phosphoric acid aqueous solution contains 0.96mol phosphoric acid, H 4 SiO 4 is 0.04 mol, NH 4 HF 2 is 0.01 mol; the rest is the same as Preparation Example B55; obtain positive electrode active material Li 0.95 Mg 0.05 Mn 0.8 Fe 0.2 P 0.96 Si 0.04 O 3.99 F 0.01 .
- the reactor was heated to 80° C. and stirred at 600 rpm for 6 hours until the reaction was terminated (no bubbles were generated), and a Fe, Co, V and S co-doped manganese oxalate suspension was obtained. Then filter the suspension, dry the filter cake at 120° C., and then grind to obtain Fe, Co and V co-doped manganese oxalate dihydrate particles with a median diameter Dv50 of 100 nm.
- Preparation of doped lithium manganese phosphate Take 1 mol of the above-mentioned manganese oxalate particles, 0.497 mol of lithium carbonate, 0.001 mol of Mo(SO 4 ) 3 , 0.999 mol of phosphoric acid in an 85% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, and 0.001 mol of H 4 SiO 4 , 0.0005mol of NH 4 HF 2 , 0.05mol of sucrose and 0.025mol of ethylenediamine were added to 20L of deionized water. The mixture was transferred to a sand mill and thoroughly ground and stirred for 10 hours to obtain a slurry.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and acetylene black were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) at a weight ratio of 90:5:5, and stirred in a drying room to form a slurry.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the above slurry is coated on the aluminum foil, dried and cold pressed to form a positive electrode sheet.
- the coating amount was 0.2 g/cm 2
- the compacted density was 2.0 g/cm 3 .
- a lithium sheet is used as the negative electrode, and a solution of 1 mol/L LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with a volume ratio of 1:1:1 is used as the electrolyte , and assembled into a button battery (hereinafter also referred to as "button") in a button box together with the above-mentioned positive pole piece prepared.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the positive electrode active material with the conductive agent acetylene black and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the N-methylpyrrolidone solvent system at a weight ratio of 92:2.5:5.5, and then coat it on an aluminum foil and bake it. Dry and cold press to obtain the positive electrode sheet.
- the coating amount was 0.4 g/cm 2
- the compacted density was 2.4 g/cm 3 .
- Polyethylene (PE) porous polymer film is used as the separator, and the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode are stacked in order, so that the separator is in the middle of the positive and negative electrodes to play the role of isolation, and the bare cell is wound. .
- Preparation of lithium manganese phosphate Take 1 mol of the above-mentioned manganese oxalate particles, 0.5 mol of lithium carbonate, 85% phosphoric acid aqueous solution containing 1 mol of phosphoric acid and 0.005 mol of sucrose into 20L of deionized water. The mixture was transferred to a sand mill and thoroughly ground and stirred for 10 hours to obtain a slurry. Transfer the slurry to a spray drying device for spray drying and granulation, set the drying temperature at 250° C., and dry for 4 hours to obtain granules. In a protective atmosphere of nitrogen (90 volume %) + hydrogen (10 volume %), the above powder was sintered at 700° C. for 10 hours to obtain carbon-coated LiMnPO 4 .
- the reactor was heated to 80° C. and stirred at 600 rpm for 6 hours until the reaction was terminated (no bubbles were generated), and a Fe, Co, V and S co-doped manganese oxalate suspension was obtained. Then filter the suspension, dry the filter cake at 120° C., and then grind to obtain Fe, Co and V co-doped manganese oxalate dihydrate particles with a median diameter Dv50 of 100 nm.
- lithium iron pyrophosphate powder 4.77 g of lithium carbonate, 7.47 g of ferrous carbonate, 14.84 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.3 g of oxalic acid dihydrate were dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water. The pH of the mixture was 5, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours to fully react. Then the temperature of the reacted solution was raised to 80°C and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours to obtain a suspension containing Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 , which was filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried at 120°C for 4 hours , to obtain powder. The powder was sintered at 650° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 8 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and then ground to obtain Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 powder.
- lithium iron phosphate suspension dissolve 11.1g of lithium carbonate, 34.8g of ferrous carbonate, 34.5g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.3g of oxalic acid dihydrate and 74.6g of sucrose (calculated as C 12 H 22 O 11 , the same below) The mixture was obtained in 150 ml of deionized water, and then stirred for 6 hours to fully react the above mixture. The reacted solution was then warmed up to 120 °C and kept at this temperature for 6 hours to obtain a suspension containing LiFePO4 .
- the above-mentioned double-coated lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material, conductive agent acetylene black, and binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in a weight ratio of 92:2.5:5.5 ), stir and mix evenly to obtain positive electrode slurry. Then, the positive electrode slurry was uniformly coated on the aluminum foil at a thickness of 0.280g/1540.25mm 2 , dried, cold pressed, and cut to obtain the positive electrode sheet.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the negative electrode slurry was evenly coated on the copper foil of the negative electrode current collector at a ratio of 0.117g/1540.25mm 2 , and the negative electrode sheet was obtained by drying, cold pressing, and slitting.
- a commercially available PP-PE copolymer microporous film with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and an average pore diameter of 80 nm was used.
- the above obtained positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet are stacked in order, so that the separator is in the middle of the positive and negative electrodes to play the role of isolation, and the bare cell is obtained by winding. Place the bare cell in the outer package, inject the above electrolyte and package it to obtain a full battery (hereinafter also referred to as "full battery").
- the above-mentioned double-coated lithium manganese phosphate positive electrode active material, PVDF, and acetylene black were added to NMP at a weight ratio of 90:5:5, and stirred in a drying room to form a slurry.
- the above slurry is coated on the aluminum foil, dried and cold pressed to form a positive electrode sheet.
- the coating amount was 0.2 g/cm 2
- the compacted density was 2.0 g/cm 3 .
- a lithium sheet is used as the negative electrode, and a solution of 1 mol/L LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) + diethyl carbonate (DEC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with a volume ratio of 1:1:1 is used as the electrolysis liquid, and assembled into a button battery (hereinafter also referred to as "button battery") in a button box together with the above-mentioned positive pole piece prepared.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the raw materials used are in accordance with the coating amount shown in Table 1 and Example II -
- the ratio of the coating amount corresponding to 1-1 is adjusted accordingly, so that the dosages of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 /LiFePO 4 in Examples II-1-2 to II-1-6 are 12.6g/37.7g, 15.7g respectively g/47.1g, 18.8g/56.5g, 22.0/66.0g and 25.1g/75.4g, the amount of sucrose in Examples II-1-2 to II-1-6 is 37.3g, other conditions and Example II -1-1 same.
- Example II-1-7 Except in the preparation process of lithium iron pyrophosphate and lithium iron phosphate, adjust the amount of various raw materials according to the coating amount shown in Table 1 so that the amount of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 /LiFePO 4 is 23.6g/39.3g respectively , 31.4g/31.4g, 39.3g/23.6g and 47.2g/15.7g, the conditions of Examples II-1-11 to II-1-14 are the same as in Example II-1-7.
- Example II-1-15 were the same as those of Example II-1-14.
- Example II-1-16 uses 466.4g of NiCO 3 , 5.0g of zinc carbonate and 7.2g of titanium sulfate to replace ferrous carbonate in the preparation process of the co-doped lithium manganese phosphate core
- Example II-1-17 The ferrous carbonate of 455.2g and the vanadium dichloride of 8.5g are used in the preparation process of the co-doped lithium manganese phosphate inner core
- embodiment II-1-18 is used in the preparation process of the co-doped lithium manganese phosphate inner core Except the ferrous carbonate of 455.2g, the vanadium dichloride of 4.9g and the magnesium carbonate of 2.5g, the condition of embodiment II-1-17 to 1-19 is identical with embodiment II-1-7.
- embodiment II-1-19 uses 369.4g of lithium carbonate and 1.05g of 60% concentration of dilute nitric acid instead of dilute sulfuric acid in the preparation process of the co-doped lithium manganese phosphate core
- embodiment II-1-20 is In addition to using 369.7g of lithium carbonate and 0.78g of silicic acid instead of dilute sulfuric acid in the preparation process of the co-doped lithium manganese phosphate core, the conditions and examples of Examples II-1-19 to II-1-20 II-1-18 is the same.
- Example II-1-21 uses 632.0g manganese carbonate, 463.30g ferrous carbonate, 30.5g of vanadium dichloride, 21.0g of magnesium carbonate and 0.78g of ferrous Silicic acid;
- Example II-1-22 uses 746.9g of manganese carbonate, 289.6g of ferrous carbonate, 60.9g of vanadium dichloride, 42.1g of magnesium carbonate and 0.78g of
- the conditions of Examples II-1-21 to II-1-22 are the same as in Example II-1-20 except for the silicic acid.
- Embodiment II-1-23 use the boric acid (mass fraction 99.5%) of 804.6g manganese carbonate, 231.7g ferrous carbonate, 1156.2g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2g in the preparation process of co-doped lithium manganese phosphate core And 370.8g lithium carbonate;
- Embodiment II-1-24 uses the boric acid of 862.1g manganese carbonate, 173.8g ferrous carbonate, 1155.1g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.86g in the preparation process of co-doped lithium manganese phosphate core ( Mass fraction 99.5%) and 371.6g lithium carbonate, the conditions of embodiment II-1-23 to II-1-24 are identical with embodiment II-1-22.
- embodiment II-1-25 uses 370.1g lithium carbonate, 1.56g of silicic acid and 1147.7g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the preparation process of the co-doped lithium manganese phosphate core, embodiment II-1-25 The conditions are the same as in Example II-1-20.
- embodiment II-1-26 uses 368.3g lithium carbonate, 4.9g mass fraction to be 60% dilute sulfuric acid, 919.6g manganese carbonate, 224.8g ferrous carbonate, 3.7g Except the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate of vanadium dichloride, 2.5g magnesium carbonate and 1146.8g, the condition of embodiment II-1-26 is identical with embodiment II-1-20.
- embodiment II-1-27 uses 367.9g of lithium carbonate, 6.5g concentration of 60% dilute sulfuric acid and 1145.4g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the preparation process of the co-doped lithium manganese phosphate core, embodiment II-1 -27 The conditions were the same as in Example II-1-20.
- Fe-doped manganese oxalate 574.7g of manganese carbonate (calculated as MnCO3 , the same below) and 579.27g of ferrous carbonate (calculated as FeCO3 , the same below) were fully mixed in a mixer for 6 hours. The mixture was transferred to a reaction kettle, and 5 liters of deionized water and 1260.6 g of oxalic acid dihydrate (calculated as C 2 H 2 O 4 .2H 2 O, the same below) were added. The reactor was heated to 80° C. and stirred at 600 rpm for 6 hours until the reaction was terminated (no bubbles were generated), and Fe-doped manganese oxalate suspension was obtained. Then the suspension was filtered, the filter cake was dried at 120° C., and then ground to obtain Fe-doped manganese oxalate dihydrate particles with a median diameter Dv50 of 100 nm.
- Manganese carbonate of 104.5g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate of 1138.5g and lithium carbonate of 371.3g were used when preparing inner core LiMn 0.091 Fe 0.909 P 0.995 N 0.005 O , and additionally added ferrous carbonate of 1052.8g, dilute nitric acid of 5.25g (by 60 %HNO 3 meter, the same below), all the other are identical with embodiment II-1-1.
- Fe-doped manganese oxalate 1148.0g of manganese carbonate (calculated as MnCO3 , the same below) and 11.58g of ferrous carbonate (calculated as FeCO3 , the same below) were fully mixed in a mixer for 6 hours. The mixture was transferred to a reaction kettle, and 5 liters of deionized water and 1260.6 g of oxalic acid dihydrate (calculated as C 2 H 2 O 4 .2H 2 O, the same below) were added. The reactor was heated to 80° C. and stirred at 600 rpm for 6 hours until the reaction was terminated (no bubbles were generated), and Fe-doped manganese oxalate suspension was obtained. Then the suspension was filtered, the filter cake was dried at 120° C., and then ground to obtain Fe-doped manganese oxalate dihydrate particles with a median diameter Dv50 of 100 nm.
- Example II-1-41 Other conditions of Example II-1-41 refer to Example II-1-1.
- the sintering temperature in the powder sintering step is 550°C, and the sintering time is 1h to control the crystallinity of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 to 30%.
- the sintering temperature in the cladding sintering step is 650°C, and the sintering time is 2h to control the crystallinity of LiFePO 4 to 30%, other conditions are the same as those in Example II-1-1 same.
- the sintering temperature in the powder sintering step is 550°C, and the sintering time is 2h to control the crystallinity of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 to 50%.
- the sintering temperature in the coating sintering step is 650°C, and the sintering time is 3h to control the crystallinity of LiFePO 4 to 50%, other conditions are the same as in Example II-1-1 same.
- the sintering temperature in the powder sintering step is 600°C, and the sintering time is 3h to control the crystallinity of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 to 70%.
- the sintering temperature in the coating sintering step is 650°C, and the sintering time is 4h to control the crystallinity of LiFePO 4 to 70%, other conditions are the same as those in Example II-1-1 same.
- the sintering temperature in the powder sintering step is 650°C, and the sintering time is 4h to control the crystallinity of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 to 100%.
- the sintering temperature in the coating sintering step is 700°C, and the sintering time is 6h to control the crystallinity of LiFePO 4 to 100%, other conditions are the same as those in Example II-1-1 same.
- the heating temperature/stirring time in the reactor of embodiment II-3-1 is respectively 60 °C/120 minutes; embodiment II-3-2 reaction
- the heating temperature/stirring time in the still is respectively 70 °C/120 minutes;
- the heating temperature/stirring time in the embodiment II-3-3 reactor is respectively 80 °C/120 minutes;
- the heating temperature/stirring time is respectively 90 DEG C/120 minutes;
- the heating temperature/stirring time in the embodiment II-3-5 reactor is respectively 100 DEG C/120 minutes;
- the heating in the embodiment II-3-6 reactor Temperature/stirring time is respectively 110 DEG C/120 minutes;
- the heating temperature/stirring time in embodiment II-3-7 reactor is respectively 120 DEG C/120 minutes;
- the heating temperature/stirring time in embodiment II-3-8 reactor Stirring time is respectively 130 DEG C/120 minutes;
- the heating temperature/stirring time in embodiment II-3-9 reactor is respectively 100 DEG C/60 minutes
- Examples II-4-1 to II-4-4 Except in the preparation process of lithium iron pyrophosphate (Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 ), the drying temperature/drying time in the drying step were 100°C/4h, 150 °C/6h, 200°C/6h and 200°C/6h; during the preparation of lithium iron pyrophosphate (Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 ), the sintering temperature and sintering time in the sintering step are 700°C/6h, 700°C, respectively /6h, 700°C/6h and 600°C/6h, other conditions are the same as in Example II-1-7.
- Examples II-4-5 to II-4-7 Except in the coating process, the drying temperature/drying time in the drying step is 150°C/6h, 150°C/6h and 150°C/6h respectively; In the process, the sintering temperature and sintering time in the sintering step are respectively 600°C/4h, 600°C/6h and 800°C/8h, and other conditions are the same as in Example II-1-12.
- lithium iron pyrophosphate powder 4.77 g of lithium carbonate, 7.47 g of ferrous carbonate, 14.84 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.3 g of oxalic acid dihydrate were dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water. The pH of the mixture was 5, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours to fully react. Then the temperature of the reacted solution was raised to 80°C and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours to obtain a suspension containing Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 , which was filtered, washed with deionized water, and dried at 120°C for 4 hours , to obtain powder. The powder was sintered at 650° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 8 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and then ground to obtain Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 powder.
- lithium manganese phosphate inner core in addition to not using vanadium dichloride and cobalt sulfate, using 463.4g of ferrous carbonate, 1.6g of 60% concentration of dilute sulfuric acid, 1148.9g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and Except for 369.0g of lithium carbonate, the preparation conditions of lithium manganese phosphate core in embodiment II-5-2 are the same as in embodiment II-5-1.
- Example II-5-1 the raw materials used are in accordance with those listed in Table 24.
- the ratio of the coating amount shown in Example II-5-1 is correspondingly adjusted, so that the consumption of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 /Al 2 O 3 in Example II-5-2 is 12.6g/ 37.68g, except that the consumption of sucrose is 37.3g among the embodiment II-5-2, other conditions are identical with embodiment II-5-1.
- Step S1 Preparation of doped manganese oxalate
- Step S2 Preparation of an inner core comprising Li 0.994 Mo 0.001 Mn 0.65 Fe 0.35 P 0.999 Si 0.001 O 3.999 F 0.001
- Step S3 Preparation of lithium iron pyrophosphate powder
- Step S4 Prepare a suspension comprising aluminum oxide and sucrose
- Step S5 Preparation of two coating layers
- the sintering temperature in the powder sintering step is 550°C, and the sintering time is 1h to control the crystallinity of Li 2 FeP 2 O 7 to 30 %, other conditions are identical with embodiment II-5-3.
- Coating of the coating layer dissolving aminoethylaminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane in xylene to form a coating solution, then adding the prepared inner core to it and stirring evenly to form a mixed slurry, and then mixing the mixed slurry Place in a wet bag machine, and dry at 120° C. for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material.
- the mass percent content of the polar functional groups of aminoethylaminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane ie -CH 2 NH 2 and -CH 2 NH-
- the mass percent content of the polar functional groups of aminoethylaminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane ie -CH 2 NH 2 and -CH 2 NH-
- the mass percent content of the polar functional groups of aminoethylaminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane ie -CH 2 NH 2 and -CH 2 NH-
- Example II-1-1 For the preparation of coin cells and full cells, refer to Example II-1-1.
- Step S1 Preparation of Fe, Co, V and S co-doped manganese oxalate
- Step S2 Prepare inner core Li 0.997 Mn 0.60 Fe 0.393 V 0.004 Co 0.003 P 0.997 S 0.003 O 4
- Step S3 Preparation of the first coating layer suspension
- Li2FeP2O7 solution To prepare Li2FeP2O7 solution, dissolve 7.4 g of lithium carbonate, 11.6 g of ferrous carbonate, 23.0 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 12.6 g of oxalic acid dihydrate in 500 mL of deionized water, control the pH to 5, then stir and The reaction was carried out at low temperature for 2 hours to obtain a solution, and then the solution was heated to 80° C. and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours to obtain a suspension of the first coating layer.
- Step S4 Coating of the first coating layer
- step S2 Add 1571.9 g of the doped lithium manganese phosphate core material obtained in step S2 to the suspension of the first coating layer obtained in step S3 (the content of the coating substance is 15.7 g), stir and mix thoroughly for 6 hours, and mix After uniformity, transfer to a 120° C. oven to dry for 6 hours, and then sinter at 650° C. for 6 hours to obtain a pyrophosphate-coated material.
- Step S5 Preparation of the second coating layer suspension
- Step S6 Coating of the second coating layer
- step S4 Add 1586.8 g of the pyrophosphate-coated material obtained in step S4 to the second coating layer suspension (the content of the coating substance is 47.1 g) obtained in step S5, stir and mix thoroughly for 6 hours, and mix After uniformity, transfer to a 120°C oven to dry for 6 hours, and then sinter at 700°C for 8 hours to obtain a two-layer coated material.
- Step S7 Preparation of the third coating layer aqueous solution
- Step S8 Coating of the third coating layer
- step S6 Add 1633.9 g of the two-layer coated material obtained in step S6 to the sucrose solution obtained in step S7, and stir and mix together for 6 hours. After mixing evenly, transfer to an oven at 150°C to dry for 6 hours, and then dry at 700°C Sintered for 10 hours to obtain a three-layer clad material.
- Step S9 Coating of the fourth coating layer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (86)
- 一种正极活性材料,包括式(I)所示的化合物,Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n(I)其中,所述A包括选自IA族、IIA族、IIIA族、IIB族、VB族和VIB族中的一种或多种元素;所述B包括选自IA族、IIA族、IIIA族、IVA族、VA族、IIB族、IVB族、VB族、VIB族和VIII族中的一种或多种元素;所述C包括选自IIIA族、IVA族、VA族和VIA族中的一种或多种元素;所述D包括选自VIA族和VIIA族中的一种或多种元素;所述a选自0.85至1.15的范围;所述x选自0至0.1的范围;所述y选自0.001至0.999的范围;所述z选自0至0.5的范围;所述n选自0至0.5的范围。
- 根据权利要求1所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述A包括选自Rb、Cs、Be、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ga、In、Cd、V、Ta、Cr、Zn、Al、Na、K、Mg、Nb、Mo和W中的一种或多种元素,可选为包括选自Zn、Al、Na、K、Mg、Nb、Mo和W中的一种或多种元素;和/或,所述B包括选自Rb、Cs、Be、Ca、Sr、Ba、In、Pb、Bi、Cd、Hf、Ta、Cr、Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir、Pt、Zn、Al、Na、K、Mg、Mo、W、Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的一种或多种元素,可选为包括选自Zn、Al、Na、K、Mg、Mo、W、Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的一种或多种元素;和/或,所述C包括选自B(硼)、S、Si和N中的一种或多种元素;和/或,所述D包括选自S、F、Cl和Br中的一种或多种元素。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述A包括选自Zn、Al、Na、K、Mg、Nb、Mo和W中的任一种元素,可选为选自Mg和Nb中的任一种元素;和/或,所述B包括选自Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的一种或多种元素,可选为选自Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的至少两种元素,更可选为选自Fe、Ti、V、Ni、Co和Mg中的至少两种元素,进一步可选为选自Fe、Ti、V、Co和Mg中的至少两种元素,更进一步可选为Fe与选自Ti、V、Co和Mg中的一种以上元素;和/或,所述C包括选自B(硼)、S、Si和N中的任一种元素,可选为S;和/或,所述D包括选自S、F、Cl和Br中的任一种元素,可选为F。
- 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述a选自0.9至1.1的范围,可选地选自0.97至1.01的范围;和/或,所述x选自0.001至0.005的范围;和/或,所述y选自0.001至0.5的范围,可选地选自0.01至0.5的范围,可选地选自0.25至0.5的范围;和/或,所述z选自0.001至0.5的范围,可选地选自0.001至0.1的范围,更可选地选自0.001至0.005的范围;和/或,所述n选自0至0.1的范围,可选地选自0.001至0.005的范围。
- 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述x为0,所述z选自0.001至0.5的范围,且所述n选自0.001至0.1的范围;或,所述x选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述z为0,且所述n选自0.001至0.1的范围;或,所述x选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述z选自0.001至0.5的范围,所述n为0;或,所述x为0,所述z为0,且所述n选自0.001至0.1的范围;或,所述x为0,所述z选自0.001至0.5的范围,且所述n为0;或,所述x选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述z选自0.001至0.5的范围,且所述n选自0.001至0.1的范围。
- 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,y:z选自0.002至999的范围,可选为选自0.025至999的范围,更可选为选自0.2至600的范围。
- 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,z:n选自0.002至500的范围,可选为选自0.2至100的范围,更可选为选自0.2至50的范围。
- 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述A包括选自Zn、Al、Na、K、Mg、Nb、Mo和W中的一种或多种元素;所述B包括选自Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的一种或多种元素;所述C包括选自B(硼)、S、Si和N中的一种或多种元素;所述D包括选自S、F、Cl和Br中的一种或多种元素;所述a选自0.9至1.1的范围,所述x选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述y选自0.001至0.5的范围,所述z选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述n选自0.001至0.1的范围。
- 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述B包括选自Zn、Al、Na、K、Mg、Mo、W、Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的一种或多种元素、可选地为选自Zn、Fe、Ti、V、Ni、Co和Mg中的一种或多种元素;所述C为选自B、Si、N和S中的一种或多种元素;所述a选自0.9至1.1的范围,所述x为0,所述y选自0.001至0.5的范围,所述z选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述n为0。
- 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核包括所述式I所示的化合物;所述壳包括一个或多个包覆层;所述包覆层具有离子电导性或电子电导性。
- 根据权利要求10所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐、碳、掺杂碳、氧化物、硼化物和聚合物中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求10或11所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳包括一个包覆层;可选地,所述包覆层包括选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐、碳、掺杂碳、氧化物、硼化物和聚合物中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求10或11所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳包括包覆所述内核的第一包覆层以及包覆所述第一包覆层的第二包覆层;可选地,所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层各自独立地包括选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐、碳、掺杂碳、氧化物、硼化物和聚合物中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求13所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述第一包覆层包括选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐、氧化物和硼化物中的一种或多种,所述第二包覆层包括选自碳和掺杂碳中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求10或11所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳包括包覆所述内核的第一包覆层、包覆所述第一包覆层的第二包覆层以及包覆所述第二包覆层的第三包覆层;可选地,所述第一包覆层、第二包覆层和第三包覆层各自独立地包括选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐、碳、掺杂碳、氧化物、硼化物和聚合物中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求15所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐,所述第二包覆层包括选自磷酸盐、氧化物和硼化物中的一种或多种,所述第三包覆层包括选自碳和掺杂碳中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求11至16中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述焦磷酸盐为M b(P 2O 7) c;和/或,所述磷酸盐为X m(PO 4) q;和/或,所述掺杂碳中的掺杂元素包括选自IIIA族、VA族、VIA族和VIIA族中的一种或多种;和/或,所述氧化物为M′ dO e;和/或,所述硼化物为Z vB w;和/或,所述聚合物包括选自多糖及其衍生物、聚硅氧烷中的一种或多种;其中,所述M、X和Z各自独立地包括选自IA族、IIA族、IIIA族、IB族、IIB族、IVB族、VB族、VIIB族和VIII族中的一种或多种元素;所述b选自1至4的范围;所述c选自1至6的范围;所述m选自1至2的范围;所述q选自1至4的范围;所述M′包括选自碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、第IIIA族元素、第IVA族元素、镧系元 素和Sb中的一种或多种元素;所述d大于0且小于或等于2;所述e大于0且小于或等于5;所述v选自1至7的范围;所述w选自1至2的范围。
- 根据权利要求17所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述M、X和Z各自独立地包括选自Li、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Cu、Zn、Ti、Ag、Zr、Nb、Mn和Al中的一种或多种元素;和/或,所述掺杂碳中的掺杂元素包括选自氮、磷、硫、硼和氟中的一种或多种;和/或,所述M′包括选自Li、Be、B、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、As、Se、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Te、W、La和Ce中的一种或多种元素,可选为包括选自Mg、Al、Si、Zn、Zr和Sn中的一种或多种元素;和/或,所述聚硅氧烷选自线状结构的聚硅氧烷和环状结构的聚硅氧烷中的一种或多种;和/或,所述多糖选自植物多糖和海洋多糖中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求10或11或13或14或17或18所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核包括Li aMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4,其中,所述a选自0.9至1.1的范围,所述y选自0.001至0.5的范围,所述z选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述B包括选自Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的一种或多种元素,所述C包括选自B(硼)、S、Si和N中的一种或多种元素;所述壳包括包覆所述内核的第一包覆层以及包覆所述第一包覆层的第二包覆层,其中,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐MP 2O 7和磷酸盐XPO 4,其中所述M和X各自独立地选自Li、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Cu、Zn、Ti、Ag、Zr、Nb和Al中的一种或多种;所述第二包覆层包含碳。
- 根据权利要求10或11或15或16或17或18所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核包括Li aMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4,其中,所述a选自0.9至1.1的范围,所述y选自0.001至0.5的范围,所述z选自0.001至0.1的范围,所述B包括选自Ti、V、Zr、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Ga、Sn、Sb、Nb和Ge中的一种或多种元素,所述C包括选自B(硼)、S、Si和N中的一种或多种元素;所述壳包括包覆所述内核的第一包覆层、包覆所述第一包覆层的第二包覆层以及包覆所述第二包覆层的第三包覆层,其中,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐Li fQP 2O 7和/或Q g(P 2O 7) h,其中,0≤f≤2,1≤g≤4,1≤h≤6,所述焦磷酸盐Li fQP 2O 7和/或Q g(P 2O 7) h中的Q各自独立地为选自Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Cu、Zn、Ti、Ag、Zr、Nb和Al中的一种或多种元素;所述第二包覆层包括晶态磷酸盐XPO 4,其中,所述X为选自Li、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Cu、Zn、Ti、Ag、Zr、Nb和Al中的一种或多种元素;所述第三包覆层包含碳。
- 根据权利要求10至18中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳中与所述内核距离最远的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括选自聚硅氧烷、多糖及多糖衍生物中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求10至21中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述聚硅氧烷包含式(i)所示的结构单元,其中,R 1和R 2独立地选自H、-COOH、-OH、-SH、-CN、-SCN、氨基、磷酸酯基、羧酸酯基、酰胺基、醛基、磺酰基、聚醚链段、C1~C20脂肪烃基、C1~C20卤代脂肪烃基、C1~C20杂脂肪烃基、C1~C20卤代杂脂肪烃基、C6~C20芳香烃基、C6~C20卤代芳香烃基、C2~C20杂芳香烃基和C2~C20卤代杂芳香烃基;可选地,R 1和R 2独立地选自H、氨基、磷酸酯基、聚醚链段、C1~C8烷基、C1~C8卤代烷基、C1~C8杂烷基、C1~C8卤代杂烷基、C2~C8烯基和C2~C8卤代烯基;
- 根据权利要求10至22中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述聚硅氧烷还包含封端基,所述封端基包括以下官能团组成的组中的至少一种:聚醚、C1~C8烷基、C1~C8卤代烷基、C1~C8杂烷基、C1~C8卤代杂烷基、C2~C8烯基、C2~C8卤代烯基、C6~C20芳香烃基、C1~C8烷氧基、C2~C8环氧基、羟基、C1~C8羟基烷基、氨基、C1~C8氨基烷基、羧基、C1~C8羧基烷基。
- 根据权利要求10至23中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述聚硅氧烷包括选自聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二乙基硅氧烷、聚甲基乙基硅氧烷、聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷、聚苯基甲基硅氧烷、聚甲基氢硅氧烷、羧基功能化聚硅氧烷、端环氧基聚硅氧烷、甲氧基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷、羟丙基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚甲基氯丙基硅氧烷、端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚甲基三氟丙基硅氧烷、全氟辛基甲基聚硅氧烷、氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷、端基聚醚聚二甲基硅氧烷、侧链氨丙基聚硅氧烷、氨丙基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷、侧链磷酸酯接枝聚二甲基硅氧烷、侧链聚醚接枝聚二甲基硅氧烷、1,3,5,7-八甲基环四硅氧烷、1,3,5,7-四氢-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷、环五聚二甲基硅氧烷、2,4,6,8-四甲基环四硅氧烷、2,4,6,8-四甲基-2,4,6,8-四乙烯基环四硅氧烷、环状聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷、十六甲基环八硅氧烷、十四甲基环七硅氧烷、环状聚二甲基硅氧烷中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求10至24中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述聚硅氧烷、所述多糖和所述多糖衍生物的数均分子量各自独立地在300000以下,可选为10000至200000,更可选为20000至120000,进一步可选为400至80000。
- 根据权利要求10至25中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述聚硅氧烷中极性官能团的质量百分含量为α,0≤α<50%,可选地,5%≤α≤30%。
- 根据权利要求10至26中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述多糖和所述多糖衍生物中的糖单元上连接的取代基各自独立地包括由以下官能团组成的组中的至少一种:-OH、-COOH及其盐、-R-OH、-SO 3H及其盐、-R-OH、-R-SO 3H及其盐、硫酸酯基、烷氧基,其中,R表示亚烷基,可选地表示C1~C5亚烷基;可选地,所述多糖和所述多糖衍生物中的糖单元上连接的取代基各自独立地包括由以下官能团组成的组中的至少一种:-OH、-COOH、-COOLi、-COONa、-COOK、-SO 3H、-SO 3Li、-SO 3Na、-SO 3K、-CH 2-SO 3H、-CH 2-SO 3Li、-CH 2-SO 3Na、-CH 2-SO 3K、甲氧基、乙氧基。
- 根据权利要求10至27中任一项所述的正极活性材料,所述多糖包括选自果胶、羧甲基淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、糊精、纤维素醚、羧甲基壳聚糖、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧丙基甲基纤维素、瓜耳胶、田菁胶、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸锂、海藻酸钠、海藻酸钾、褐藻糖胶、琼脂、卡拉胶、角叉胶、黄原胶和葫芦巴胶中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求10至28中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述多糖和所述多糖衍生物中的糖单元上连接的取代基的质量百分含量各自独立地为20%至85%,可选地为30%至78%。
- 根据权利要求1至29中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中, 所述内核的材料与所述壳的材料之间的晶格失配度小于10%。
- 根据权利要求1至30中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,基于正极活性材料的重量计,锰元素含量在10重量%-35重量%范围内,可选在13.3重量%-33.2重量%范围内,更可选在15重量%-30重量%范围内,进一步可选在17重量%-20重量%范围内;和/或,磷元素的含量在12重量%-25重量%范围内,可选在15重量%-20重量%范围内,更可选在16.8重量%-19.5重量%范围内;和/或,锰元素和磷元素的重量比范围为0.71-1.85,可选为0.90-1.25,更可选为0.95-1.20。
- 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其表面包覆有碳和掺杂碳中的一种或多种;可选地,所述正极活性材料的表面包覆有碳。
- 根据权利要求32所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述掺杂碳中的掺杂元素包括选自氮、磷、硫、硼和氟中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1至33中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,在所述内核中,(1-y):y在0.1-999范围内,可选为在0.1-10范围内或者在0.67-999范围内,更可选为在1至10范围内,进一步可选为在1至4范围内,更进一步可选为在1.5至3范围内;和/或,a:x在1至1200范围内,可选为在9至1100范围内,更可选为在190-998范围内。
- 根据权利要求1至34中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,在所述内核中,z与1-z的比值为1:9至1:999,可选为1:499至1:249。
- 根据权利要求10至35中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳的包覆量为0.1%至6%,基于所述内核的重量计。
- 根据权利要求10至36中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述第一包覆层的包覆量大于0重量%且小于等于7重量%,可选为大于0且小于或等于6重量%,更可选为大于0且小于或等于5.5重量%或者为4-5.6重量%,进一步可选为大于0且小于或等于2重量%,基于所述内核的重量计;和/或,所述第二包覆层的包覆量为大于0重量%且小于等于6重量%,可选为大于0且小于或等于5.5重量%,更可选为2-4重量%或者3-5重量%,基于所述内核的重量计;和/或,所述第三包覆层的包覆量为大于0且小于或等于6重量%,可选为大于0且小于或等于5.5重量%,更可选为大于0且小于或等于2重量%,基于所述内核的重量计。
- 根据权利要求10至37中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳还包括包覆所述第三包覆层的第四包覆层和包覆所述第四包覆层的第五包覆层;其中,所述第四包覆层和第五包覆层的包覆量各自独立地为0.01重量%至10重量%,可选为0.05重量%至10重量%,更可选为0.1重量%至5重量%,进一步为0.1重量%至2重量%,基于所述内核的重量计。
- 根据权利要求10至38中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳位于所述内核40%至90%的表面,可选地为60%至80%的表面。
- 根据权利要求10至39中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳的厚度为1-15nm。
- 根据权利要求10至40中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述第一包覆层的厚度为1-10nm、可选为2-10nm;和/或,所述第二包覆层的厚度为2-25nm、可选为2-15nm、更可选为3-15nm;和/或,所述第三包覆层的厚度为2-25nm、可选为5-25nm。
- 根据权利要求10至41中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐和氧化物中的一种或多种,并且,选自所述焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐和氧化物中的一种或多种为晶态;可选地,所述焦磷酸盐、所述磷酸盐和所述氧化物的结晶度各自独立地为10%至100%,更可选为50%至100%。
- 根据权利要求10至42中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述壳中,焦磷酸盐和磷酸盐的重量比以及焦磷酸盐与氧化物的重量比各自独立地为1:3至3:1,可选为1:3至1:1。
- 根据权利要求10至43中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括碳,并且,所述碳为SP2形态碳与SP3形态碳的混合物;可选地,所述碳中,所述SP2形态碳与SP3形态碳的摩尔比为在0.07-13范围内的任意数值,更可选为在0.1-10范围内的任意数值,进一步可选为在2.0-3.0范围内的任意数值。
- 根据权利要求10至44中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括掺杂碳,并且,在所述掺杂碳中,所述掺杂元素的质量含量在30%以下;可选地,所述掺杂碳中,所述掺杂元素的质量含量在20%以下。
- 根据权利要求10至45中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括掺杂碳,在所述掺杂碳中,所述掺杂元素为氮元素和/或硫元素,所述掺杂碳中掺杂元素的质量含量为1%~15%;或者,所述掺杂元素为磷元素、硼元素和/或氟元素,所述掺杂碳中掺杂元素的质量含量为0.5%~5%;可选地,所述掺杂元素为氮、磷、硫、硼或氟。
- 根据权利要求10至46中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括焦磷酸盐,所述焦磷酸盐的晶面间距范围为0.293-0.470nm、可选为0.297-0.462nm或0.293-0.326nm、更可选为0.300-0.310nm,晶向(111)的夹角范围为18.00°-32.57°、可选为18.00°-32.00°或者26.41°-32.57°、更可选为19.211°-30.846°、进一步可选为29.00°-30.00°;和/或,所述的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括磷酸盐,所述磷酸盐的晶面间距范围为0.244-0.425nm、可选为0.345-0.358nm,晶向(111)的夹角范围为20.00°-37.00°、可选为24.25°-26.45°;可选地,所述第一包覆层或第二包覆层包含磷酸盐。
- 根据权利要求1至47中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述正极活性材料在完全脱嵌锂前后的晶格变化率为50%以下,可选为9.8%以下,更可选为8.1%以下,进一步可选为7.5%以下,更进一步可选为6%以下,更进一步可选为4%以下,更进一步可选为3.8%以下,更进一步可选为2.0-3.8%。
- 根据权利要求1至48中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述正极活性材料的Li/Mn反位缺陷浓度为5.3%以下,可选为5.1%以下,更可选为4%以下,进一步可选为2.2%以下,更进一步可选为2%以下,更进一步可选为1.5%-2.2%或0.5%以下。
- 根据权利要求1至49中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述正极活性材料在3T下的压实密度为1.89g/cm 3以上,可选为1.95g/cm 3以上,更可选为1.98g/cm 3以上,进一步可选为2.0g/cm 3以上,更进一步可选为2.2g/cm 3以上,更进一步可选地为2.2g/cm 3以上且2.8g/cm 3以下或者2.2g/cm 3以上且2.65g/cm 3以下。
- 根据权利要求1至50中任一项所述的正极活性材料,其中,所述正极活性材料的表面氧价态为-1.55以下,可选为-1.82以下,更可选为-1.88以下,进一步可选为-1.90以下或者-1.98至-1.88,更进一步可选为-1.98至-1.89,更进一步可选为-1.98至-1.90。
- 一种制备正极活性材料的方法,其包括如下步骤:将锰源与元素B的源混合,得到掺杂了元素B的锰盐;将锂源、磷源、可选的元素A的源、可选的元素C的源、可选的元素D的源与所述的掺杂了元素B的锰盐混合,干燥,烧结,得到内核Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n;其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述。
- 根据权利要求52所述的方法,其中,所述方法具体包括以下的步骤:将锰源、元素B的源和酸在溶剂中混合并搅拌,生成掺杂元素B的锰盐的悬浊液,将悬浊液过滤并烘干滤饼,得到掺杂了元素B的锰盐;将锂源、磷源、可选的元素A的源、可选的元素C的源和可选的元素D的源、溶剂和所述的掺杂了元素B的锰盐加入反应容器中研磨并混合,得到浆料;将获得的浆料转移到喷雾干燥设备中进行喷雾干燥造粒,得到颗粒;将获得的颗粒进行烧结,得到内核Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n;其 中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述。
- 根据权利要求53所述的方法,其中,制备所述浆料的步骤中,将锂源、磷源、可选的元素A的源、可选的元素C的源、可选的元素D的源、碳源、碳层掺杂元素的源、溶剂和所述的掺杂了元素B的锰盐加入反应容器中研磨并混合,得到浆料;其余步骤如权利要求54中所述;得到正极活性材料;所述正极活性材料包括内核和包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核包括Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n,所述壳包含掺杂碳,所述掺杂碳中的掺杂元素包括选自氮、磷、硫、硼和氟中的一种或多种;其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述。
- 根据权利要求52或53所述的方法,其还包括以下的步骤:将选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐、碳、掺杂碳、氧化物、硼化物和聚合物中的一种或多种的混合物通过干法包覆或湿法包覆在所述内核的表面进行包覆处理,得到正极活性材料;所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核为Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n,所述壳包括一个或多个包覆层,每个所述包覆层独立地包括选自焦磷酸盐、磷酸盐、碳、掺杂碳、氧化物、硼化物和聚合物中的一种或多种;其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述;可选地,所述聚合物包括选自聚硅氧烷、多糖及多糖衍生物中的一种或多种;。
- 根据权利要求55所述的方法,其还包括以下的步骤:提供焦磷酸盐M b(P 2O 7) c粉末、包含磷酸盐X m(PO 4) q和/或氧化物M′ dO e的悬浊液,其中,所述悬浊液还包含碳的源和/或掺杂碳的源;将所述内核、焦磷酸盐M b(P 2O 7) c粉末加入到所述悬浊液中并混合,经烧结获得正极活性材料;其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述壳包括包 覆所述内核的第一包覆层以及包覆所述第一包覆层的第二包覆层,所述内核包括Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐M b(P 2O 7) c及选自磷酸盐X m(PO 4) q和氧化物M′ dO e中的一种或多种,所述第二包覆层包括选自碳和掺杂碳中的一种或多种,可选地,所述掺杂碳中的掺杂元素包括选自氮、磷、硫、硼和氟中的一种或多种,其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述,所述M、X、M′、b、c、d、e、m、q的定义如权利要求17至19中任一项所述。
- 根据权利要求55或56所述的方法,其还包括以下的步骤:提供焦磷酸盐MP 2O 7粉末、包含碳的源的磷酸盐XPO 4悬浊液;将内核、焦磷酸盐MP 2O 7粉末加入到包含碳的源的XPO 4悬浊液中并混合,经烧结获得正极活性材料;其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述壳包括包覆所述内核的第一包覆层以及包覆所述第一包覆层的第二包覆层,所述内核包括Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐MP 2O 7和磷酸盐XPO 4,所述第二包覆层包括碳,其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述,所述M和X的定义如权利要求19中所述。
- 根据权利要求52至54中任一项所述的方法,其还包括以下的步骤:分别提供焦磷酸盐M b(P 2O 7) c悬浊液、包含选自磷酸盐X m(PO 4) q、氧化物M′ dO e和硼化物中的一种或多种的悬浊液以及包含碳的源和/或掺杂碳的源的悬浊液;将内核与上述所有的悬浊液混合,烧结,得到正极活性材料;其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核包括Li aMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4,所述壳包括包覆内核的第一包覆层、包覆第一包覆层的第二包覆层以及包覆第二包覆层的第三包覆 层,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐M b(P 2O 7) c,所述第二包覆层包括选自磷酸盐X m(PO 4) q、氧化物M′ dO e和硼化物中的一种或多种,所述第三包覆层选自碳和掺杂碳中的一种或多种,其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述,所述M、X、M′、b、c、d、e、m、q的定义如权利要求17或18或20中所述。
- 根据权利要求55或58所述的方法,其还包括以下的步骤:分别提供Li fQP 2O 7和/或Q g(P 2O 7) h以及XPO 4悬浊液,将内核加入到上述悬浊液中并混合,经烧结获得正极活性材料;其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核包括Li aA xMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4-nD n,所述壳包括包覆所述内核的第一包覆层、包覆所述第一包覆层的第二包覆层以及包覆所述第二包覆层的第三包覆层,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐Li fQP 2O 7和/或Q g(P 2O 7) h,所述第二包覆层包括磷酸盐XPO 4,所述第三包覆层包括碳,其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述,所述Q、X、f、g和h的定义如权利要求20中所述。
- 根据权利要求58或59所述的方法,其还包括以下的步骤:第一包覆步骤:将元素Q的源、磷源和酸以及任选地锂源,溶于溶剂中,得到包含Li fQP 2O 7和/或Q g(P 2O 7) h的第一包覆层悬浊液;将内核与第一包覆层悬浊液充分混合,干燥,烧结,得到第一包覆层包覆的材料;第二包覆步骤:将元素X的源、磷源和酸溶于溶剂中,得到包含XPO 4的第二包覆层悬浊液;将第一包覆步骤中获得的第一包覆层包覆的材料与第二包覆层悬浊液充分混合,干燥,烧结,得到两层包覆层包覆的材料;第三包覆步骤:将碳源溶于溶剂中,充分溶解得到第三包覆层溶液;然后将第二包覆步骤中获得的两层包覆层包覆的材料加入所述第三包覆层溶液中,混合均匀,干燥,然后烧结得到三层包覆层包覆的 材料,即正极活性材料。
- 根据权利要求52至54中任一项所述的方法,其还包括以下的步骤:分别提供焦磷酸盐M b(P 2O 7) c粉末、选自磷酸盐X m(PO 4) q、氧化物M′ dO e和硼化物中的一种或多种粉末以及碳源粉末和/或掺杂碳源粉末;将内核与上述所有的粉末混合并研磨,干燥,得到正极活性材料;其中,所述正极活性材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳,所述内核包括Li aMn 1-yB yP 1-zC zO 4,所述壳包括包覆内核的第一包覆层、包覆第一包覆层的第二包覆层以及包覆第二包覆层的第三包覆层,所述第一包覆层包括焦磷酸盐M b(P 2O 7) c,所述第二包覆层包括选自磷酸盐X m(PO 4) q、氧化物M′ dO e和硼化物中的一种或多种,所述第三包覆层选自碳和掺杂碳中的一种或多种,其中,所述A、B、C、D、a、x、y、z和n的定义如权利要求1至51任一项中所述,所述M、X、M′、b、c、d、e、m、q的定义如权利要求17或18或20中所述;可选地,通过喷雾造粒干燥机进行干燥。
- 根据权利要求54至61中任一项所述的方法,其还包括如下步骤:提供聚合物,所述聚合物包括选自聚硅氧烷、多糖及多糖衍生物中的一种或多种;将正极活性材料与所述聚合物通过干法包覆或湿法包覆,得到的材料包括内核及包覆所述内核的壳;所述壳中与所述内核距离最远的一个或多个包覆层各自独立地包括选自聚硅氧烷、多糖及多糖衍生物中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求52至62中任一项所述的方法,其中,元素A的源选自元素A的单质、氧化物、磷酸盐、草酸盐、碳酸盐、和硫酸盐中的至少一种;和/或,元素B的源选自元素B的单质、氧化物、磷酸盐、草酸盐、碳酸盐、卤化物、硝酸盐、有机酸盐、氢氧化物和硫酸盐中的至少一种,可选为选自元素B的单质、氧化物、磷酸盐、草酸盐、碳酸盐和硫酸盐中的至少一种,可选为选自元素B的单质、硫酸盐、卤化物、硝酸盐、有机酸盐、氧化物和氢氧化物中的至少一种,可选为选自元素B的单质、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化盐、硝酸盐、有机酸盐、氧化物和氢氧化物中的至少一种;和/或,元素C的源选自元素C的单质、卤化物、有机酸盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、无机酸、有机酸、硫酸盐、硼酸盐、硝酸盐和硅酸盐中的至少一种,可选为选自元素C的硫酸盐、硼酸盐、硝酸盐和硅酸盐中的至少一种,可选为选自元素C的单质、硫酸盐、卤化物、硝酸盐、有机酸盐、氧化物、氢氧化物和无机酸中的至少一种,可选为选自元素C的无机酸、有机酸、硫酸盐、氯化盐、硝酸盐、有机酸盐、氧化物、氢氧化物中的至少一种;和/或,元素D的源选自元素D的单质和铵盐中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求52至63中任一项所述的方法,其中,在制备所述掺杂了元素B锰盐的步骤中,搅拌在20-120℃范围内的温度下进行,可选为在25-80℃或40-120℃范围内的温度下进行,进一步可选为在60-120℃范围内的温度下进行,和/或,通过在200-800rpm的搅拌速率下进行,可选为在400-700rpm下进行1-9小时,更可选为在500-700rpm下进行60-420分钟,进一步可选地为进行3-7小时或120-360分钟。
- 根据权利要求52至64中任一项所述的方法,其中,在制备所述浆料的步骤中,所述研磨并混合进行1-15小时,可选为8-15小时;可选地,在20-120℃、更可选为40-120℃的温度下进行混合1-10 h。
- 根据权利要求52至65中任一项所述的方法,其中,在制得所述内核的步骤中,所述烧结在600-900℃的温度范围内进行6-14小时。
- 根据权利要求52至66中任一项所述的方法,其中,在制备浆料的步骤中还包括:向反应容器中加入碳源一起进行研磨并混合。
- 根据权利要求56或57所述的方法,其中,所述MP 2O 7粉末通过以下方法制备:将元素M的源和磷的源添加到溶剂中,得到混合物,调节混合物的pH为4-6,搅拌并充分反应,然后经干燥、烧结获得,其中M选自Li、Fe、Ni、Mg、Co、Cu、Zn、Ti、Ag、Zr、Nb和Al中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求68所述的方法,其中,制备所述MP 2O 7粉末的方法中,所述干燥步骤为在100-300℃、可选150-200℃下干燥4-8h。
- 根据权利要求68或69所述的方法,其中,制备所述MP 2O 7粉末的方法中,所述烧结步骤为在500-800℃、可选650-800℃下,在惰性气体气氛下烧结4-10h。
- 根据权利要求55至70中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述包覆步骤中的烧结温度为500-800℃,烧结时间为4-10h。
- 根据权利要求60所述的方法,其中,所述第一包覆步骤中,控制溶解有元素Q的源、磷源和酸以及任选地锂源的溶液pH为3.5-6.5,然后搅拌并反应1-5h,然后将所述溶液升温至50-120℃,并保持该温度2-10h,和/或,所述烧结在650-800℃下进行2-6小时。
- 根据权利要求60或72所述的正极活性材料的制备方法,其中,所述第二包覆步骤中,将元素X的源、磷源和酸溶于溶剂后,搅拌并反应1-10h,然后将所述溶液升温至60-150℃,并保持该温度2-10h,和/或,烧结在500-700℃下进行6-10小时。
- 根据权利要求60或72或73所述的正极活性材料的制备方法,其中,所述第三包覆步骤中的烧结在700-800℃下进行6-10小时。
- 一种正极极片,其包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极膜层,所述正极膜层包括第一正极活性材料,所述第一正极活性材料为权利要求1至51中任一项所述的正极活性材料或通过权利要求52至74中任一项所述的方法制备的正极活性材料;可选地,所述正极活性材料在所述正极膜层中的含量为90-99.5重量%,更可选为95-99.5重量%,基于所述正极膜层的总重量计。
- 根据权利要求75所述的正极极片,其还包括第二正极活性材料,并且,所述第二正极活性材料不同于所述第一正极活性材料。
- 根据权利要求75或76所述的正极极片,其中,所述第二正极活性材料包括选自LiE tCo sF (1-t-s)O 2、尖晶石型锰酸锂和尖晶石型钛酸锂中的一种或多种,其中,E包括选自VIII族的一种或多种元素,F包括选自IIIA和VIIB的一种或多种元素,t选自0至0.9的范围,t与s之和选自0.3至1的范围。
- 根据权利要求77所述的正极极片,其中,E包括选自Ni、Fe、Ru和Rh中的一种或多种元素,F包括选自Mn、Al、Ga和In中的一种或多种元素。
- 根据权利要求76至78中任一项所述的正极极片,其中,所述第二正极活性材料包括选自LiNi tCo sMn (1-t-s)O 2、LiNi tCo sAl (1- t-s)O 2、LiCoO 2、尖晶石型锰酸锂和尖晶石型钛酸锂中的一种或多种;其中,t独立地选自0.3-0.9、可选为0.33-0.8,t与s之和独立地选自0.3-0.9、可选为0.66-0.9。
- 根据权利要求76至79中任一项所述的正极极片,其中,所述第一活性材料与所述第二活性材料的质量比为1:7-7:1,可选为1:4-4:1。
- 根据权利要求79或80所述的正极极片,其中,所述第二正极活性材料中,LiNi tCo sMn (1-t-s)O 2中的t、(1-t-s)和s的比值为5:2:3或3:1:1或8:1:1;和/或,LiNi tCo sAl (1-t-s)O 2中的t、s和(1-t-s)的比值为5:2:3或3:1:1或8:1:1。
- 根据权利要求76至81中任一项所述的正极极片,其中,所述第一正极活性材料和所述第二正极活性材料的质量之和占所述正极极片的质量的88%-98.7%。
- 一种二次电池,包括权利要求1至51中任一项所述的正极材料或通过权利要求52至74中任一项所述的方法制得的正极活性材料或权利要求75至82中任一项所述的正极极片。
- 一种电池模块,包括权利要求83所述的二次电池。
- 一种电池包,包括权利要求84所述的电池模块。
- 一种用电装置,包括选自权利要求83所述的二次电池、权利要求84所述的电池模块和权利要求85所述的电池包中的至少一种。
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280007637.6A CN116547835B (zh) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 正极活性材料及制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 |
| JP2023543271A JP2024505446A (ja) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 正極活物質及び製造方法、正極板、二次電池、電池モジュール、電池パック並びに電力消費装置 |
| CN202411425797.XA CN119542374B (zh) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 |
| AU2022371736A AU2022371736B2 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | Positive electrode active material and preparation method therefor, positive electrode pole piece, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and power-consuming device |
| EP22882990.9A EP4261946A4 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, POSITIVE ELECTRODE POLE PIECE, SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY MODULE, BATTERY PACK, AND POWER CONSUMING DEVICE |
| KR1020237024611A KR20230122108A (ko) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 양극 활물질 및 제조 방법, 양극 극판, 이차 전지, 전지 모듈, 전지 팩 및 전기 장치 |
| US18/351,925 US20230361296A1 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-07-13 | Positive electrode active material and preparation method therefor, positive electrode plate, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and power consuming device |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2021/125898 WO2023065359A1 (zh) | 2021-10-22 | 2021-10-22 | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
| CNPCT/CN2021/125898 | 2021-10-22 | ||
| PCT/CN2021/130350 WO2023082182A1 (zh) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
| CNPCT/CN2021/130350 | 2021-11-12 | ||
| CNPCT/CN2021/140462 | 2021-12-22 | ||
| PCT/CN2021/140462 WO2023115388A1 (zh) | 2021-12-22 | 2021-12-22 | 正极活性材料及其制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/351,925 Continuation US20230361296A1 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-07-13 | Positive electrode active material and preparation method therefor, positive electrode plate, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and power consuming device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023066386A1 true WO2023066386A1 (zh) | 2023-04-27 |
Family
ID=86058811
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2022/126829 Ceased WO2023066393A1 (zh) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
| PCT/CN2022/126778 Ceased WO2023066386A1 (zh) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 正极活性材料及制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2022/126829 Ceased WO2023066393A1 (zh) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20230361296A1 (zh) |
| EP (2) | EP4418362A4 (zh) |
| JP (2) | JP2024505446A (zh) |
| KR (2) | KR20230122108A (zh) |
| CN (3) | CN119542374B (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2022371736B2 (zh) |
| WO (2) | WO2023066393A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025034403A1 (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2025-02-13 | Action Battery Technologies, L.L.C. | Coated single crystalline metal oxide materials and method for producing the same |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023240617A1 (zh) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-12-21 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 具有核-壳结构的正极活性材料及制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
| EP4280301A4 (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2024-06-26 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Positive electrode sheet, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and electric apparatus |
| CN116314602A (zh) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-06-23 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种正极极片、二次电池、用电设备 |
| CN117133860B (zh) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-12-31 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种正极片、电池单体、电池及用电装置 |
| CN119994013B (zh) * | 2023-11-09 | 2026-03-03 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 正极活性材料、正极极片、电池及用电装置 |
| KR20250086295A (ko) * | 2023-12-06 | 2025-06-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 전구체, 양극 활물질 전구체의 제조 방법, 양극 활물질 및 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 |
| CN117457894B (zh) * | 2023-12-25 | 2024-04-05 | 宁波容百新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种多晶正极材料及其制备方法、锂离子电池 |
| CN119852343B (zh) * | 2024-01-08 | 2025-11-07 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 正极极片、二次电池和用电装置 |
| CN117894971B (zh) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-06-04 | 中南大学 | 一种玻璃态金属有机框架材料改性三元正极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| WO2025211783A1 (ko) * | 2024-04-04 | 2025-10-09 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 셀룰로오스 또는 기능화 셀룰로오스를 포함하는 전극 활물질 개질용 조성물, 셀룰로오스 또는 기능화 셀룰로오스로 개질된 전극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| WO2025234728A1 (ko) * | 2024-05-08 | 2025-11-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질, 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
| CN121439704A (zh) * | 2024-07-30 | 2026-01-30 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池及其制备方法、用电装置 |
| WO2026063454A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-19 | 2026-03-26 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 正極活物質、正極活物質粒子、正極、リチウムイオン二次電池、及び正極活物質粒子の製造方法 |
| CN119852395B (zh) * | 2024-11-13 | 2026-03-06 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 电池单体、电池单体的制备方法及用电装置 |
| JP7810246B1 (ja) * | 2024-12-25 | 2026-02-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電極および電池 |
| JP7747158B1 (ja) * | 2024-12-25 | 2025-10-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電極および電池 |
| JP7810245B1 (ja) * | 2024-12-25 | 2026-02-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電極および電池 |
| JP7779370B1 (ja) * | 2024-12-27 | 2025-12-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電極、および、電池 |
| JP7775984B1 (ja) * | 2024-12-27 | 2025-11-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電池、および、正極活物質の製造方法 |
| JP7772188B1 (ja) * | 2024-12-27 | 2025-11-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極活物質、電池、および、正極活物質の製造方法 |
| DE212025000069U1 (de) * | 2025-04-02 | 2026-01-28 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Batteriezelle, Batterievorrichtung, stromverbrauchende Vorrichtung und Energiespeichervorrichtung |
| CN121215860A (zh) * | 2025-11-27 | 2025-12-26 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 锂离子二次电池、正极活性材料、制备方法及用电设备 |
| CN121260784B (zh) * | 2025-12-04 | 2026-03-03 | 湖南大学 | 一种富锰空位磷酸锰钒钠正极材料及其制备方法与应用 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103682266A (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-03-26 | 广州有色金属研究院 | 一种Li、Mn位共掺杂磷酸锰锂/碳复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN104577115A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 青海时代新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池正极材料、其制备方法及应用 |
| US20150372302A1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-24 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc. | High energy cathode materials and methods of making and use |
| CN107256960A (zh) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-10-17 | 长沙小新新能源科技有限公司 | 一种复合正极材料、其制备方法及包含该复合正极材料的锂离子电池 |
| CN109244391A (zh) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-18 | 江苏元景锂粉工业有限公司 | 一种氮参杂碳包覆磷酸锰铁锂材料及其制备方法 |
| CN110416525A (zh) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-05 | 上海华谊(集团)公司 | 具有核壳结构的含磷酸锰铁锂的复合材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2320661A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-03-26 | Hydro-Quebec | Nouveau procede de synthese de materiaux limpo4 a structure olivine |
| JP4686859B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-27 | 2011-05-25 | 株式会社デンソー | 正極活物質および非水電解質二次電池 |
| CN101369657B (zh) * | 2007-08-13 | 2012-03-28 | 比克环保新材料科技(湖北)有限公司 | 多元掺杂球形磷酸铁锂正极材料及其制备方法 |
| WO2009127901A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-22 | High Power Lithium S.A. | Lithium metal phosphate/carbon nanocomposites as cathode active materials for secondary lithium batteries |
| CN103069624B (zh) * | 2010-07-01 | 2016-06-22 | 夏普株式会社 | 正极活性材料、正极和非水二次电池 |
| EP2615673B1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2019-05-15 | SK Innovation Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, method for producing same, and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
| JP6052168B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2016-12-27 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| JP2013062082A (ja) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-04-04 | Nec Corp | 二次電池 |
| CN102583300A (zh) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-18 | 华南理工大学 | 一种氟、钒离子共掺杂的磷酸铁锂材料及其制备方法 |
| JP2014056722A (ja) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-27 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | リン酸化合物、二次電池用正極材料、および二次電池の製造方法 |
| WO2014098937A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Lmfp cathode materials with improved electrochemical performance |
| CN104051720B (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-12-08 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | 一种材料及其制备以及含有该材料的锂离子正极活性物质、正极材料、电池正极和电池 |
| CN103219516B (zh) * | 2013-04-07 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | 一种磷位硼掺杂的碳包覆磷酸铁锂材料的制备方法 |
| CN103779566A (zh) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-07 | 张萍 | 一种多元素掺杂磷酸锰锂-碳复合正极材料的制备方法 |
| CN103825029B (zh) * | 2014-03-12 | 2016-02-24 | 石哲文 | 一种钇铁氟掺杂磷酸锰锂-碳复合正极材料的制备方法 |
| CN105098177B (zh) * | 2014-04-24 | 2018-05-29 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次锂电池及其正极材料的制备方法 |
| CN105470493B (zh) * | 2014-08-19 | 2019-05-14 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | 一种材料及其制备以及含有该材料的锂离子正极活性物质、正极材料、电池正极和电池 |
| JP2017191720A (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | 株式会社デンソー | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
| CN106058225A (zh) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-10-26 | 中航锂电(洛阳)有限公司 | 核壳结构LiMn1‑xFexPO4正极材料及其制备方法、锂离子电池 |
| CN106450337A (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-02-22 | 先雪峰 | 添加剂的应用、电极浆料、添加剂浆料、锂离子电池正极或负极及其制备方法和锂离子电池 |
| CN111430700B (zh) * | 2019-10-10 | 2022-07-22 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 用于锂离子电池的四元正极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池 |
| CN111933915A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-13 | 天津斯科兰德科技有限公司 | 一种磷酸锰铁锂正极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN116964781A (zh) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-10-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
| EP4451444A4 (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2025-04-23 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Battery and electric apparatus |
| EP4401170A4 (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2025-03-05 | Contemporary Amperex Technology (Hong Kong) Limited | Positive electrode active material, preparation method therefor, and positive electrode plate, secondary battery and electrical device comprising same |
-
2022
- 2022-10-21 KR KR1020237024611A patent/KR20230122108A/ko active Pending
- 2022-10-21 WO PCT/CN2022/126829 patent/WO2023066393A1/zh not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-21 AU AU2022371736A patent/AU2022371736B2/en active Active
- 2022-10-21 EP EP22882997.4A patent/EP4418362A4/en active Pending
- 2022-10-21 CN CN202411425797.XA patent/CN119542374B/zh active Active
- 2022-10-21 JP JP2023543271A patent/JP2024505446A/ja active Pending
- 2022-10-21 JP JP2024515815A patent/JP2024533449A/ja active Pending
- 2022-10-21 WO PCT/CN2022/126778 patent/WO2023066386A1/zh not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-21 KR KR1020247008222A patent/KR102950484B1/ko active Active
- 2022-10-21 CN CN202280013385.8A patent/CN117121236A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-21 EP EP22882990.9A patent/EP4261946A4/en active Pending
- 2022-10-21 CN CN202280007637.6A patent/CN116547835B/zh active Active
-
2023
- 2023-07-13 US US18/351,925 patent/US20230361296A1/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-21 US US18/641,427 patent/US20240282963A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103682266A (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-03-26 | 广州有色金属研究院 | 一种Li、Mn位共掺杂磷酸锰锂/碳复合材料及其制备方法 |
| US20150372302A1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-24 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc. | High energy cathode materials and methods of making and use |
| CN104577115A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 青海时代新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池正极材料、其制备方法及应用 |
| CN107256960A (zh) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-10-17 | 长沙小新新能源科技有限公司 | 一种复合正极材料、其制备方法及包含该复合正极材料的锂离子电池 |
| CN109244391A (zh) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-18 | 江苏元景锂粉工业有限公司 | 一种氮参杂碳包覆磷酸锰铁锂材料及其制备方法 |
| CN110416525A (zh) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-05 | 上海华谊(集团)公司 | 具有核壳结构的含磷酸锰铁锂的复合材料及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4261946A4 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025034403A1 (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2025-02-13 | Action Battery Technologies, L.L.C. | Coated single crystalline metal oxide materials and method for producing the same |
| US12341190B2 (en) | 2023-08-04 | 2025-06-24 | Action Battery Technologies, Inc. | Coated single crystalline metal oxide materials and method for producing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116547835A (zh) | 2023-08-04 |
| KR20240048003A (ko) | 2024-04-12 |
| WO2023066393A1 (zh) | 2023-04-27 |
| AU2022371736A1 (en) | 2023-08-03 |
| EP4261946A1 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
| CN117121236A (zh) | 2023-11-24 |
| AU2022371736B2 (en) | 2024-11-21 |
| EP4261946A4 (en) | 2025-10-22 |
| EP4418362A1 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
| CN119542374A (zh) | 2025-02-28 |
| JP2024533449A (ja) | 2024-09-12 |
| EP4418362A4 (en) | 2025-08-27 |
| KR102950484B1 (ko) | 2026-04-10 |
| US20240282963A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 |
| JP2024505446A (ja) | 2024-02-06 |
| US20230361296A1 (en) | 2023-11-09 |
| KR20230122108A (ko) | 2023-08-22 |
| AU2022371736A9 (en) | 2025-03-13 |
| CN116547835B (zh) | 2024-11-01 |
| CN119542374B (zh) | 2025-10-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2023066386A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料及制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 | |
| WO2023115388A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料及其制备方法、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 | |
| WO2023066394A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 | |
| WO2024216499A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料组合物、正极极片、电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2023082182A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 | |
| WO2023184370A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2023065359A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 | |
| WO2023184355A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2023184368A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2023164930A1 (zh) | 新型正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 | |
| WO2023184504A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| US20240396025A1 (en) | Positive electrode material composition, method for the prepartion thereof, positive electrode plate, secondary battery and electrical device containing the same | |
| WO2023184512A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2024020795A1 (zh) | 一种复合正极材料、其制备方法、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 | |
| WO2023184304A1 (zh) | 新型正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包及用电装置 | |
| US12230791B2 (en) | Positive electrode active material, method for the preparation thereof, positive electrode plate, secondary battery and electrical device containing the same | |
| WO2023184502A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2023164931A1 (zh) | 正极极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 | |
| WO2023184408A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2024065150A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2024216498A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料组合物、正极极片、电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2023245682A1 (zh) | 正极材料组合物、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2024065213A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2023245680A1 (zh) | 正极材料组合物、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 | |
| WO2024065145A1 (zh) | 正极活性材料、其制备方法以及包含其的正极极片、二次电池及用电装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280007637.6 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22882990 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20237024611 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023543271 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022882990 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230711 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022371736 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20221021 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202317057590 Country of ref document: IN |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |


































































