WO2023068884A1 - 원통형 배터리, 그리고 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 및 자동차 - Google Patents
원통형 배터리, 그리고 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 및 자동차 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023068884A1 WO2023068884A1 PCT/KR2022/016194 KR2022016194W WO2023068884A1 WO 2023068884 A1 WO2023068884 A1 WO 2023068884A1 KR 2022016194 W KR2022016194 W KR 2022016194W WO 2023068884 A1 WO2023068884 A1 WO 2023068884A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
- H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
- H01M50/167—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by crimping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/179—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
- H01M50/56—Cup shaped terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
- H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cylindrical battery, a collector plate applied thereto, and a battery pack including the cylindrical battery and a vehicle.
- the present invention is a cylindrical battery having a structure capable of preventing force from being concentrated on a welded portion between parts even when external shock or vibration is applied during use of the battery, and a current collector applied thereto, including the same It relates to battery packs and automobiles that do.
- the present invention relates to an anode for an electrochemical device having improved electrochemical properties and an electrode assembly including the anode.
- Secondary batteries which are highly applicable to each product group and have electrical characteristics such as high energy density, are used not only in portable devices but also in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) driven by electrical sources. It is universally applied.
- EVs electric vehicles
- HEVs hybrid electric vehicles
- a battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series.
- a battery pack is configured by connecting a plurality of batteries in parallel according to a charge/discharge capacity required for the battery pack. Accordingly, the number of batteries included in the battery pack and the type of electrical connection may be variously set according to a required output voltage and/or charge/discharge capacity.
- a separator which is an insulator, is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the electrode assembly in the form of a jelly roll is formed by winding the separator, and the electrode assembly is inserted together with an electrolyte into the battery housing to form a battery.
- strip-shaped electrode tabs may be connected to the uncoated portions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrode tab electrically connects the electrode assembly and the electrode terminal exposed to the outside.
- the positive electrode terminal is a cap plate of a sealing body sealing the opening of the battery housing
- the negative electrode terminal is the battery housing.
- a cylindrical battery having a structure in which the positive and negative uncoated regions are located at the upper and lower ends of the jelly roll type electrode assembly, and a current collecting plate is welded to the uncoated region to improve the current collection efficiency. (a so-called tab-less cylindrical battery) was presented.
- FIG. 1 to 3 are views showing a manufacturing process of a tab-less cylindrical battery.
- 1 shows the structure of an electrode
- FIG. 2 shows a winding process of an electrode
- FIG. 3 shows a process of welding a current collector plate to a bent surface of an uncoated portion
- 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tab-less cylindrical battery cut in the longitudinal direction (Y).
- the positive electrode 500 includes a positive electrode active material portion 520 in a positive electrode sheet 500S and a positive electrode uncoated portion 530 on one long side along a winding direction
- the negative electrode 400 The negative electrode sheet 400S has a structure including the negative electrode active material portion 420 and the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 on one long side along the winding direction.
- the electrode assembly 300 is manufactured by sequentially stacking the positive electrode 500 and the negative electrode 400 together with two sheets of the separator 600 as shown in FIG. 2 and then winding them in one direction (X). At this time, the uncoated portion 530 of the positive electrode 500 and the uncoated portion 430 of the negative electrode 400 are disposed in opposite directions.
- the uncoated portion 530 of the positive electrode 500 and the uncoated portion 430 of the negative electrode 400 are bent toward the core. After that, the current collector plates P and 30 are welded to the uncoated portions 530 and 430, respectively.
- Electrode tabs are not coupled to the positive uncoated portion 530 and the negative uncoated portion 430, the current collector plates P and 30 are connected to external electrode terminals, and a current path winds the electrode assembly 300. Since it is formed with a large cross-sectional area along the axial direction (see arrow), it has the advantage of lowering the resistance of the battery. This is because resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the path through which current flows.
- the conventional tab-less cylindrical battery 1 includes a battery housing 20 and a sealing body A as shown in FIG. 4 .
- the sealing body (A) includes a cap plate (40), a sealing gasket (G1) and a connecting plate (C1).
- the sealing gasket G1 surrounds the edge of the cap plate 40 and is fixed by the crimping part 22 .
- the electrode assembly 300 is fixed within the battery housing 20 by the beading part 21 to prevent vertical movement.
- the positive terminal is the cap plate 40 of the sealing body (A) and the negative terminal is the battery housing 20.
- the second collector plate P coupled to the uncoated portion 530 of the anode 500 is electrically connected to the connection plate C1 attached to the cap plate 40 through the strip-shaped lead L.
- the first collector plate 30 coupled to the uncoated portion 430 of the negative electrode 400 is electrically connected to the bottom of the battery housing 20 .
- the insulator S covers the second collector plate P to prevent a short circuit from being caused by contact between the battery housing 20 having a different polarity and the uncoated portion 530 of the positive electrode 500.
- a strip-shaped lead L is used.
- the lead (L) is separately attached to the second collector plate (P) or manufactured integrally with the second collector plate (P).
- the lead L is in the form of a strip having a thin thickness, a large amount of heat is generated when a rapid charging current flows because the cross-sectional area is small.
- excessive heat generated in the lead L is transferred to the side of the electrode assembly 300 and causes the separation membrane 600 to shrink, thereby causing an internal short circuit, which is a major cause of thermal runaway.
- the lid (L) also occupies a significant installation space within the battery housing (20). Therefore, the cylindrical battery 1 including the lead L has low space efficiency and thus has limitations in increasing energy density.
- a relatively large empty space may be formed between the negative current collector plate and the cap plate.
- an empty space may be formed between a bottom surface of the battery housing positioned opposite the cap plate and the positive current collector plate.
- conventional cylindrical batteries generally have a structure in which a tab connecting an electrode assembly and an external terminal is welded to a foil of the electrode assembly.
- a cylindrical battery having such a structure has a limited current path and has a very high self-resistance of the electrode assembly.
- the application of the electrode assembly and the current collector plate of this new structure is more necessary for devices that require a battery pack having high output/high capacity, such as, for example, an electric vehicle.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle having a relatively large primary particle size has been developed.
- the electrode was broken in a state where the porosity was not achieved to a target level, and there was a problem in that the resistance characteristics and charge/discharge efficiency of the lithium secondary battery were not good.
- the present invention has been devised in consideration of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a current collector plate having a structure suitable for an electrode assembly having a low resistance structure and a cylindrical battery including the same.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a current collector plate having a structure capable of improving the bonding strength of a coupling portion between the current collector plate and a battery housing, and a cylindrical battery including the same.
- an object of the present invention is to prevent damage to an electrical coupling portion caused by movement of the jelly roll in the battery housing.
- the present invention in the manufacture of a cylindrical battery, prevents the movement of the electrode assembly by utilizing previously applied parts, thereby preventing the complexity of the manufacturing process and the increase in manufacturing cost caused by the application of additional parts. It can also be used for other purposes.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a current collector having a structure capable of improving the energy density of a cylindrical battery and a cylindrical battery including the same.
- the present invention provides a current collector having a structure capable of improving productivity by increasing the convenience of a welding process for electrically connecting a battery housing and a current collector plate in manufacturing a cylindrical battery, and a cylindrical battery including the same. aims to do
- Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical battery including an electrode assembly having an improved structure, a battery pack including the battery pack, and a vehicle including the battery pack.
- Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide an electrode that can implement excellent thermal stability, high electrical conductivity and high rolling characteristics by applying a single particle or quasi-single particle as a cathode active material, and an electrode assembly including the same.
- Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide an electrode assembly with improved energy density by including a silicon-based negative electrode active material in the negative electrode.
- Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide an electrode assembly in which the section of the cathode active material section is increased without worrying about precipitation of lithium.
- Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical battery that can exhibit excellent thermal stability even when the volume of the battery increases due to an increase in form factor.
- a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems includes an electrode assembly including a first electrode tab and a second electrode tab; a battery housing accommodating the electrode assembly through an opening formed on one side; A support portion disposed on one surface of the electrode assembly, at least one tab coupling portion extending from the support portion and coupled to the first electrode tab, and at least one tab coupling portion extending from an end of the tab coupling portion and coupled to the inner surface of the battery housing.
- a first collector plate including one housing coupling part and positioned within the battery housing; a cap plate covering the opening; a battery terminal electrically connected to the second electrode tab through the battery housing on the opposite side of the opening; and a sealing spacer configured to prevent movement of the electrode assembly and enhance sealing force of the catery housing.
- the battery housing may include a beading portion formed at an end adjacent to the opening portion and press-fitted toward the inside.
- the housing coupling part may be coupled to the beading part.
- the housing coupling part may include a contact part coupled to the beading part; and a connecting portion connecting the tab coupling portion and the contact portion.
- the cylindrical battery may include a sealing gasket provided between the battery housing and the cap plate.
- the contact portion may be interposed and fixed between the beading portion of the battery housing and the sealing gasket.
- a welding portion may be formed between the beading portion of the battery housing and the contact portion of the current collector plate.
- a boundary region between the tab coupling portion and the housing coupling portion may be positioned further inside than an innermost portion of the beading portion.
- the cylindrical battery may include a plurality of tab coupling parts and a plurality of housing coupling parts, respectively.
- connection part may include at least one bending part whose extension direction is changed.
- the contact portion may have an arc shape extending along the beading portion of the battery housing.
- connection part may have an arc shape extending along the contact part.
- the sealing spacer may include a flow preventing part interposed between the first current collector plate and the cap plate; a sealing portion interposed between the battery housing and the cap plate; and a connecting portion connecting between the flow preventing portion and the sealing portion.
- the flow prevention part may have a height corresponding to a distance between the first current collector plate and the cap plate.
- the flow prevention part may be located at a central portion on one surface of the electrode assembly.
- the flow prevention part may include a spacer hole formed at a position corresponding to the winding center hole of the electrode assembly.
- the sealing part may have a shape extending along an inner circumferential circumference of the battery housing.
- connection part may include a plurality of extension legs radially extending from the flow prevention part.
- the plurality of extension legs may be configured not to contact the first current collector plate.
- the plurality of extension legs may be configured not to contact the cap plate.
- connection part may be positioned so as not to overlap with the housing coupling part along a height direction of the cylindrical battery.
- the cylindrical battery may include a second collector plate coupled to the first electrode tab; and an insulator interposed between a closing portion formed at an upper end of the battery housing and the second current collecting plate. may further include.
- the insulator may have a height corresponding to a distance between the second current collector and the closure.
- the active material layer of the second electrode includes a positive electrode active material including a single particle, a quasi-single particle, or a combination thereof, and D min , which is a minimum particle size in a cumulative volume distribution of the positive electrode active material, is 1.0 ⁇ m or more;
- D min which is a minimum particle size in a cumulative volume distribution of the positive electrode active material, is 1.0 ⁇ m or more;
- the particle size D 50 when the volume cumulative amount is 50% may be 5.0 ⁇ m or less, and the maximum particle size D max appearing in the volume cumulative distribution of the positive electrode active material may be 12 ⁇ m to 17 ⁇ m. there is.
- the cathode active material has a unimodal particle size distribution showing a single peak in a volume cumulative particle size distribution graph, and a particle size distribution (PSD) represented by the following formula may be 3 or less.
- PSD particle size distribution
- the single particle, quasi-single particle, or a combination thereof may be included in an amount of 95wt% to 100wt% based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material included in the active material layer of the second electrode.
- the cathode active material may include a lithium nickel-based oxide containing 80 mol% or more of Ni based on the total number of moles of the transition metal.
- the active material layer of the second electrode may have a porosity of 15% to 23%, and the active material layer of the second electrode may include flaky graphite in a weight ratio of 0.05wt% to 5wt%.
- the active material layer of the second electrode may further include carbon nanotubes.
- the active material layer of the first electrode may include a silicon-based negative active material and a carbon-based negative active material, and the silicon-based negative active material and the carbon-based negative active material may be included in a weight ratio of 1:99 to 20:80.
- a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the above-described cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- An automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention as described above.
- resistance can be greatly reduced in electrical connection between the electrode assembly and the battery housing.
- the bonding strength of the coupling portion between the current collector plate and the battery housing can be improved.
- the energy density of a cylindrical battery can be improved.
- the convenience of a welding process for electrically connecting the battery housing and the current collector plate is increased, thereby improving productivity.
- the motion of the jelly roll is minimized in the battery housing, so that damage to the electrical connection portion can be prevented.
- the complexity of the manufacturing process and the increase in manufacturing cost can be prevented by using the previously applied parts instead of additionally applying parts for preventing the flow of the jelly roll.
- the thermal stability of the battery can be further improved by including the positive electrode active material powder having D min of 1.0 ⁇ m or more in the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode active material powder having D min of 1.0 ⁇ m or more in the positive electrode.
- D min minimum particle size
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material powder in which D 50 , D max , and particle size distribution (PSD) are appropriately adjusted, thereby minimizing an increase in resistance due to application of single particles, Excellent capacitance and output characteristics can be realized.
- D 50 , D max , and particle size distribution (PSD) are appropriately adjusted, thereby minimizing an increase in resistance due to application of single particles, Excellent capacitance and output characteristics can be realized.
- the conductivity of the electrode may be improved by including a single-grain cathode active material coated with a conductive coating layer or by containing novel CNTs as a conductive material.
- the flaky graphite is included in the cathode active material layer, when the cathode active material layer is rolled, the flaky graphite provides a sliding effect to the cathode active material to improve the rolling characteristics of the electrode, the electrode The porosity can be reduced to a target level. Accordingly, stability, initial resistance characteristics, and charge/discharge efficiency of the cylindrical battery are improved.
- a higher energy density can be realized by including a silicon-based negative electrode active material having a large capacity in the negative electrode.
- the loading reduction portion having a small loading amount of the cathode active material is included in the cathode, the section of the cathode active material portion may be increased without worrying about lithium precipitation.
- 1 is a plan view showing the structure of an electrode used in a conventional tap-less cylindrical battery cell.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a winding process of an electrode assembly included in a conventional tab-less cylindrical battery cell.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a process of welding a current collector plate to a curved surface of an uncoated portion in the electrode assembly of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional tab-less cylindrical battery cell cut in a longitudinal direction (Y).
- FIG. 5 is a view showing part of a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing part of a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing part of a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cylindrical battery according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining a first collector plate included in the cylindrical battery of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a first current collector according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a first current collecting plate according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a region to which a sealing spacer according to the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 14 is a view for explaining a sealing spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 15 is a plan view showing the bottom surface of the cylindrical battery of the present invention.
- 16 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a region to which an insulator of the present invention is applied.
- 17 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a coupling structure between a current collector plate and an electrode tab according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a scanning micrograph of a novel CNT according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 22 is a table showing a comparison of physical properties of reference CNTs and new CNTs.
- 23 to 26 are graphs showing sheet resistance and high-temperature lifespan characteristics for each conductive material ratio when single-grain active material particles are applied as a positive electrode active material.
- Example 28a is a SEM picture of the positive electrode active material used in Example 2-1 of the present invention.
- Example 28B is a SEM picture of the cathode active material used in Example 2-2 of the present invention.
- 29A is a graph showing hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 29B is a graph showing hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured according to Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
- 29C is a graph showing hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured by Sample 1 of Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-1 of the present invention.
- 29D is a graph showing hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured by Samples 2 and 3 of Example 2-1, Samples 1 and 2 of Example 2-2, and Comparative Example 2-2 of the present invention.
- 30A is a cross-sectional SEM image of an anode prepared in Example 2-1 of the present invention.
- 30B is a cross-sectional SEM image of the positive electrode prepared in Comparative Example 2-1.
- FIG. 31A shows the results of measuring resistance characteristics according to SOC while charging coin half cells including positive electrodes according to Examples 3-3, Comparative Example 3-1, and Comparative Example 3-2 of the present invention up to 4.2V; it's a graph
- 31B is a graph of capacity retention and resistance increase (DCIR increase) obtained through charge/discharge cycle experiments for 4680 cells according to Examples 3-1, 3-3, and Comparative Example 3-1 of the present invention. It is a graph showing the measurement result.
- FIG. 32 is a view showing an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section taken along the cutting line A-A' of FIG. 32;
- 34 and 35 are diagrams illustrating a process of manufacturing an anode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 36 is a perspective view showing a negative electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 37 and 38 are diagrams illustrating a process of manufacturing an anode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 39 is a perspective view showing an anode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 40 is a view showing an electrode assembly according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- 41 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section taken along the cutting line BB' of FIG. 40;
- FIG. 42 is a view showing a process of manufacturing a negative electrode according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG 43 is a view showing a process of manufacturing a positive electrode according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG 44 is a graph showing changes in energy density according to the content of the silicon-based negative active material and the presence or absence of doping of the silicon-based negative active material in a battery using a mixture of a silicon-based negative active material and a carbon-based negative active material as the negative electrode active material.
- a part such as a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is said to be “on” or “on” another part, this includes not only the case where it is “directly on” the other part, but also the case where there is another part in the middle. . Conversely, when a part is said to be “directly on” another part, it means that there is no other part in between.
- a reference part means to be located above or below the reference part, and to necessarily be located “on” or “on” in the opposite direction of gravity does not mean no.
- planar image it means when the target part is viewed from above, and when it is referred to as “cross-sectional image”, it means when a cross section of the target part cut vertically is viewed from the side.
- a cylindrical battery 1 includes an electrode assembly 300, a battery housing 20, a first collector plate 30, a cap plate 40, and a battery terminal 60. ).
- the cylindrical battery 1 may further include a sealing gasket G1 and/or an insulating gasket G2 and/or a second collector plate P and/or an insulator S.
- the electrode assembly 300 includes a first electrode tab 11 and a second electrode tab 12 .
- the electrode assembly 300 includes a first electrode having a first polarity, a second electrode having a second polarity, and a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the first electrode is a cathode or an anode
- the second electrode corresponds to an electrode having a polarity opposite to that of the first electrode.
- the electrode assembly 300 may be manufactured by winding a laminate formed by sequentially stacking a first electrode, a separator, a second electrode, and a separator at least once. That is, the electrode assembly 300 applied to the present invention may be a jelly-roll type electrode assembly.
- the jelly-roll type electrode assembly 300 has a winding center hole H1 formed at its center and extending along a height direction (a direction parallel to the height direction of the cylindrical battery 1 shown in FIG. 5). can be provided Meanwhile, an additional separator may be provided on the outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly 300 for insulation from the battery housing 20 .
- the first electrode includes a first electrode current collector and a first electrode active material layer applied on one or both surfaces of the first electrode current collector. At one end of the first electrode current collector in the width direction (a direction parallel to the height direction of the cylindrical battery 1 shown in FIG. 5 ), there is a non-coated portion to which the first electrode active material is not coated.
- the first electrode uncoated portion has a shape extending from one end to the other end along the longitudinal direction of the first electrode when viewed from the unfolded state of the first electrode.
- the first electrode uncoated portion functions as the first electrode tab 11 as described above.
- the first electrode tab 11 is provided above the electrode assembly 300 accommodated in the battery housing 20 in the height direction (a direction parallel to the height direction of the cylindrical battery 1 shown in FIG. 5).
- the first electrode tab 11 may be, for example, a negative electrode tab.
- the second electrode includes a second electrode current collector and a second electrode active material layer applied on one or both surfaces of the second electrode current collector. At the other end of the second electrode collector in the width direction (a direction parallel to the height direction of the cylindrical battery 1 shown in FIG. 5 ), there is a non-coated portion to which the second electrode active material is not applied.
- the second electrode uncoated portion has a shape extending from one end to the other end along the longitudinal direction of the second electrode when viewed from the unfolded state of the second electrode.
- the second electrode uncoated portion functions as the second electrode tab 12 as described above.
- the second electrode tab 12 is provided below the electrode assembly 300 accommodated in the battery housing 20 in the height direction.
- the second electrode tab 12 may be, for example, a positive electrode tab.
- first electrode tab 11 and the second electrode tab 12 extend and protrude in opposite directions along the height direction of the cylindrical battery 1 .
- the present invention is not limited to this form of the electrode assembly 300.
- the battery housing 20 is a substantially cylindrical receptor having an open portion formed on one side thereof, and is made of a conductive metal material.
- a side surface of the battery housing 20 and a lower surface (lower surface with reference to FIG. 5 ) located on the opposite side of the opening may be integrally formed. That is, the battery housing 20 may have an open upper end and a closed lower end in the height direction.
- a lower surface of the battery housing 20 may have a substantially flat shape.
- the battery housing 20 accommodates the electrode assembly 300 through an opening formed on one side in the height direction thereof.
- the battery housing 20 may also accommodate electrolyte through the opening.
- the present invention is not limited to this form of the battery housing 20.
- the battery housing 20 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 300 .
- the battery housing 20 is connected to the first electrode tab 11 of the electrode assembly 300 . Accordingly, the battery housing 20 has the same polarity as the first electrode tab 11 electrically.
- the battery housing 20 may include a beading portion 21 formed at an end adjacent to the opening portion and press-fitted toward the inside.
- the battery housing 20 may have a beading portion 21 formed at an upper end.
- the battery housing 20 may further include a crimping portion 22 formed above the beading portion 21 .
- the beading part 21 has a shape in which the circumference of the outer circumferential surface of the battery housing 20 is press-fitted to a predetermined depth.
- the beading part 21 is formed on the upper part of the electrode assembly 300 .
- the inner diameter of the battery housing 20 in the area where the beading part 21 is formed is smaller than the diameter of the electrode assembly 300 .
- the beading part 21 provides a support surface on which the cap plate 40 can be seated.
- the beading part 21 may provide a support surface on which at least a part of the edge circumference of the first current collector plate 30, which will be described later, can be seated and coupled. That is, at least a part of the periphery of the first current collector 30 and/or the periphery of the cap plate 40 may be seated on the upper surface of the beading part 21 .
- the beading portion 21 At least a portion of the upper surface may extend along a direction substantially parallel to the lower surface of the battery housing 20 , that is, along a direction substantially perpendicular to the sidewall of the battery housing 20 .
- the crimping part 22 is formed on the upper part of the beading part 21 .
- the crimping part 22 has an extended and bent shape to surround the periphery of the cap plate 40 disposed above the beading part 21 . Due to the shape of the crimping portion 22 , the cap plate 40 is fixed on the beading portion 21 .
- the first collector plate 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention is accommodated inside the battery housing 20, is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 300, and also the battery housing ( 20) is electrically connected. That is, the first collector plate 30 electrically connects the electrode assembly 300 and the battery housing 20 to each other.
- the first current collector 30 includes a support part 31 disposed on one surface of the electrode assembly 300 and at least one tab coupling part extending from the support part 31 and coupled to the first electrode tab 11 ( 32) and at least one housing coupling portion 33 extending from the end of the tab coupling portion 32 and coupled to the inner surface of the battery housing 20, and located within the battery housing.
- the support part 31 and the at least one tab coupling part 32 are disposed above the electrode assembly 300, and when the beading part 21 is formed in the battery housing 20, the beading part 21 is larger than the beading part 21. may be located at the bottom.
- the support part 31 may have a first collector plate hole H2 formed at a position corresponding to the winding hole H1 formed at the approximate center of the electrode assembly 300 .
- the winding hole H1 and the first collector plate hole H2 communicating with each other are welded between the battery terminal 60 and the second collector plate P or between the battery terminal 60 and a lead tab (not shown), which will be described later. It can function as a passage for insertion of a welding rod for welding or irradiation of a laser.
- the support part 31 may have a substantially circular plate shape.
- the support part 31 may have a ring-shaped plate shape having a first current collector hole H2 at its center.
- the at least one tab coupling part 32 may have a shape extending substantially radially from the support part 31 toward the sidewall of the battery housing 20 .
- the tap coupling part 32 may be provided with a plurality of, for example.
- each of the plurality of tab coupling parts 32 may be spaced apart from each other along the circumference of the support part 31 .
- the coupling area with the first electrode tab 11 can be increased. Accordingly, bonding force between the first electrode tab 11 and the tab coupling part 32 may be secured and electrical resistance may be reduced.
- An end of the tap coupling part 32 in the longitudinal direction may be positioned further inside than an innermost part of the beading part 21 formed in the battery housing 20 . More specifically, the boundary area between the tab coupling portion 32 and the housing coupling portion 33 is wider in the direction toward the winding hole H1 than the innermost portion of the beading portion 21 formed on the battery housing 20. It can be located inside. According to this structure, damage to the joint between parts that may occur due to excessive bending of the first collector plate 30 to place the end of the housing coupling portion 33 on the beading portion 21 is prevented. can do.
- the tab coupling part 32 in order to secure bonding strength and reduce electrical resistance through an increase in bonding area between the first current collector plate 30 and the electrode assembly 300, not only the tab coupling part 32 but also the support part 31 includes the first electrode tab ( 11) can also be combined.
- An end of the first electrode tab 11 may be formed in a bent shape so as to be parallel to the tab coupling part 32 . In this way, when the end of the first electrode tab 11 is formed and coupled to the tab coupling portion 32 in parallel with the tab coupling portion 32, an effect of improving coupling force and reducing electrical resistance can be obtained by increasing the coupling area, In addition, by minimizing the total height of the electrode assembly 300, the energy density improvement effect can be obtained.
- the housing coupling portion 33 may extend from an end of the tab coupling portion 32 and be coupled to an inner surface of the battery housing 20 .
- the housing coupling portion 33 may have a shape extending from an end of the tab coupling portion 32 toward a sidewall of the battery housing 20 .
- the housing coupling part 33 may be provided in plural numbers, for example.
- each of the plurality of housing coupling parts 33 may be spaced apart from each other along the circumference of the support part 31 .
- the housing coupling part 33 may be coupled to the beading part 21 of the inner surface of the battery housing 20 . As shown in FIGS.
- the upper surface of the beading part 21 has a form extending in a direction substantially parallel to the lower surface of the battery housing 20, that is, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sidewall of the battery housing 20, and the housing
- the coupling part 33 also has a shape extending along the same direction, so that the housing coupling part 33 can stably contact the beading part 21 .
- welding between the two components can be performed smoothly, thereby improving the coupling force between the two components and minimizing the increase in resistance at the coupling portion. You can get it.
- the first collector plate 30 is coupled to the beading portion 21 of the battery housing 20 instead of the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the battery housing 20, the first collector plate 30 The distance between the beading part 21 may be reduced. Thus, the dead space inside the battery housing 20 is minimized, and the energy density of the cylindrical battery 1 can be improved.
- the housing coupling portion 33 is a contact portion 33a coupled to the inner surface of the battery housing 20 and a connection portion connecting the tab coupling portion 32 and the contact portion 33a. (33b).
- the contact portion 33a is coupled to the inner surface of the battery housing 20 .
- the contact part 33a may be coupled to the beading part 21 as described above.
- both the beading portion 21 and the contact portion 33a are aligned in a direction substantially parallel to the lower surface of the battery housing 20, that is, substantially perpendicular to the sidewall of the battery housing 20, for stable contact and coupling. It may have an elongated shape along the direction.
- the connecting portion 33b may include at least one bending portion B whose extension direction is switched between the support portion 31 and the contact portion 33a. That is, the connection portion 33b may have a spring-like structure or a bellows-like structure capable of contraction and extension within a certain range, for example.
- the structure of the connecting portion 33b is a process of accommodating the electrode assembly 300 to which the first current collector 30 is coupled into the battery housing 20 even though there is a height distribution of the electrode assembly 300 within a certain range.
- the contact portion 33a is brought into close contact with the beading portion 21.
- the vertical distance D between the contact portion 33a and the support portion 31 in a state in which no external force is applied to the first current collector 30 and no deformation occurs, 30) is the same as the vertical distance between the upper surface of the beading part 21 and the support part 31 when the electrode assembly 300 in a coupled state is seated in the battery housing 20, or the connection part 33b can be extended. It is preferable to form smaller within the range.
- the connection part 33b is configured to satisfy the above conditions, when the electrode assembly 300 to which the first collector plate 30 is coupled is seated in the battery housing 20, the contact part 33a becomes the beading part 21 ) can be naturally adhered to.
- connection portion 33b the structure capable of contraction and extension of the connection portion 33b is within a certain range even when the electrode assembly 300 moves up and down due to vibration and/or shock during use of the cylindrical battery 1 (see FIG. 5). In , the shock caused by the movement of the electrode assembly 300 is alleviated.
- the connecting portion 33b includes only one bending portion B
- the bending portion B may protrude in a direction toward the winding center of the electrode assembly 300, unlike shown in the drawings.
- the bending direction of the connection portion 33b is the joint between the first current collector 30 and the electrode assembly 300 and/or the first current collector 30 and the battery housing 20 during the sizing process. This is to prevent damage to the binding site of The sizing process is a compression process for reducing the height occupied by the beading portion 21 area of the battery housing 20 in order to reduce the total height of the cylindrical battery 1 in manufacturing the cylindrical battery 1. .
- the bending portion (B) As a result of checking whether or not the bending portion (B) is formed and the degree of damage to the welded portion after the sizing process by changing the protruding direction of the bending portion (B), the bending portion (B) is directed toward the center of the cylindrical battery (1) It was confirmed that almost no damage occurs in the cylindrical battery 1 having a structure in which the connecting portion 33b is bent so as to protrude.
- the first collector plate 30 according to another embodiment of the present invention has a difference in the shape of the contact portion 33a compared to the first collector plate 30 of FIG. 8 described above, and the others are described above.
- the structure of the first current collector 30 may be substantially the same.
- the contact portion 33a may extend along the inner circumferential surface of the battery housing 20 .
- the contact portion 33a may have an arc shape extending along the beading portion 21 .
- the first collector plate 30 in order to maximize the contact area, the first collector plate 30, the sum of the extended lengths of the contact portions 33a of each of the at least one housing coupling portion 33 is the battery housing. It may be configured to be approximately the same as the inner circumference of (20). Accordingly, it is possible to have an effect of improving bonding force and reducing electrical resistance due to maximization of bonding area.
- a first collector plate 30 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.
- the first collector plate 30 according to another embodiment of the present invention is different from the first collector plate 30 of FIG. 9 only in the shape of the connecting portion 33b, except for the above-described differences.
- the structure of the first current collector 30 may be substantially the same.
- connection portion 33b may extend along the inner circumferential surface of the battery housing 20 .
- the contact portion 33a may have an arc shape extending along the battery housing beading portion 21, and the connection portion 33b may have an arc shape extending along the contact portion 33a.
- the first current collector 30 may not have a bending portion B unlike the first current collector 30 shown in FIG. 8 or 9 . In this way, when the bending portion B is not provided, raw materials required for manufacturing the first current collector 30 can be reduced. Accordingly, the manufacturing cost of the first current collector 30 can be saved.
- the cap plate 40 covers the opening formed on one side of the battery housing 20 .
- the cap plate 40 may be seated on the beading part 21 formed in the battery housing 20 .
- the cap plate 40 may be fixed by the crimping portion 22 .
- a sealing gasket G1 may be interposed between the battery housing 20 and the cap plate 40 to improve fixing force and sealing of the battery housing 20 .
- the cap plate 40 is not a part that should function as a passage of current. Therefore, as long as the battery housing 20 and the cap plate 40 are firmly fixed through welding or fixing by application of other parts and sealing of the opening of the battery housing 20 can be secured, the sealing gasket G1 Application is not essential.
- the cap plate 40 may be made of, for example, a metal material to secure rigidity.
- the cap plate 40 may not have a polarity even if it is made of a conductive metal material. Having no polarity may mean that the cap plate 40 is electrically insulated from the battery housing 20 and the battery terminal 60 to be described below. Accordingly, the cap plate 40 does not function as a positive or negative terminal. Accordingly, the cap plate 40 does not need to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 300 and the battery housing 20, and the material does not necessarily have to be a conductive metal.
- the sealing gasket G1 may have a substantially ring shape surrounding the cap plate 40 .
- the sealing gasket G1 may simultaneously cover the upper, lower and side surfaces of the cap plate 40 .
- the radial length of the part covering the lower surface of the cap plate 40 is greater than the radial length of the part of the sealing gasket G1 that covers the upper surface of the cap plate 40.
- the sealing gasket G1 covering the lower surface of the cap plate 40 can be less than or equal to If the radial length of a portion of the sealing gasket G1 covering the lower surface of the cap plate 40 is excessively long, the sealing gasket G1 may be damaged by the first collector plate ( 30), there is a possibility that the first collector plate 30 may be damaged or the battery housing 20 may be damaged. Accordingly, it is necessary to keep the radial length of the portion of the sealing gasket G1 covering the lower surface of the cap plate 40 small at a certain level. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , the radial length of a portion of the sealing gasket G1 covering the lower surface of the cap plate 40 extends beyond the upper surface of the cap plate 40 among the portions of the sealing gasket G1. It may be formed smaller than the radial length of the area to be covered.
- the radial length of the portion of the sealing gasket G1 covering the lower surface of the cap plate 40 is the upper surface of the cap plate 40 among the portions of the sealing gasket G1. It may be the same as the radial length of the region covering the .
- the contact portion 33a may be interposed and fixed between the beading portion 21 and the sealing gasket G1. That is, the contact portion 33a may be fixed due to the crimping force of the crimping portion 22 while the contact portion 33a is interposed between the beading portion 21 and the sealing gasket G1.
- a welding portion may be formed between the beading portion 21 and the contact portion 33a.
- the fixation of the contact portion 33a may not be achieved with only crimping force.
- the sealing gasket G1 is shrunk by heat or the crimping portion 22 is deformed due to an external impact, there is a possibility that the bonding force between the current collector plate and the battery housing 20 is reduced.
- the first current collector plate 30 may be fixed to the battery housing 20 through welding while the contact portion 33a is placed on the beading portion 21 .
- the cylindrical battery 1 may be completed by placing a cap plate covered by the sealing gasket G1 on the top of the contact portion 33a and forming the crimping portion 22 .
- a welding method for example, laser welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, etc. are possible, but the welding method is not limited thereto.
- the cap plate 40 may include a venting portion 41 formed to prevent an increase in internal pressure due to gas generated inside the battery housing 20 .
- the venting portion 41 is formed on a part of the cap plate 40 and corresponds to an area structurally weaker than the surrounding area so that it can be easily broken when internal pressure is applied.
- the venting part 41 may be a region having a thinner thickness than the peripheral region. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the cylindrical battery 1 and the internal pressure of the battery housing 20 increases to a certain level or more, the venting part 41 is broken and the gas generated inside the battery housing 20 is discharged. It can be.
- the venting portion 41 may be formed by partially reducing the thickness of the battery housing 20 by notching one side or both sides of the cap plate 40 , for example.
- the battery terminal 60 is electrically connected to the second electrode tab 12 .
- the battery terminal 60 may be electrically connected to the second electrode tab 12 of the electrode assembly 300 by penetrating the battery housing 20 on the opposite side of the open portion of the battery housing 20 .
- the battery terminal 60 may pass through a substantially central portion of a lower surface of the battery housing 20 .
- a portion of the battery terminal 60 may be exposed to the outside of the battery housing 20 and the remaining portion may be located inside the battery housing 20 .
- the battery terminal 60 is, for example, coupled to a second collector plate P coupled to the second electrode tab 12, which will be described later, or a lead tab (not shown) coupled to the second electrode tab 12. By being coupled with, it can be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 300.
- the battery terminal 60 has the same polarity as the second electrode of the electrode assembly 300 and can function as the second electrode terminal T2.
- the battery terminal 60 may function as a positive electrode terminal.
- the battery terminal 60 must maintain an insulated state from the battery housing 20 having a polarity opposite thereto.
- an insulating gasket G2 may be applied between the battery terminal 60 and the battery housing 20 .
- insulation may be realized by coating a portion of the surface of the battery terminal 60 with an insulating material.
- the battery terminals 60 and the battery housing 20 may be arranged in a spaced apart state so that contact is impossible, but a method of structurally firmly fixing the battery terminals 60 may be applied.
- a plurality of methods among the methods described above may be applied together.
- the cylindrical battery 1 of the present invention has a structure in which a pair of electrode terminals 60 and T1 are located in the same direction. Therefore, in the case of electrically connecting a plurality of cylindrical batteries 1 , it is possible to dispose an electrical connection component such as a bus bar on only one side of the cylindrical battery 1 . This can lead to simplification of the battery pack structure and improvement of energy density.
- the cylindrical battery 1 has a structure in which one surface of the battery housing 20 having a substantially flat shape can be used as the first electrode terminal T1, so that electrical connection parts such as bus bars are connected to the first When bonding to the electrode terminal T1, a sufficient bonding area can be secured. Accordingly, in the cylindrical battery 1, sufficient bonding strength between the electrical connection component and the first electrode terminal T1 may be secured, and resistance at the bonding portion may be reduced to a desirable level.
- the insulating gasket G2 when the insulating gasket G2 is applied for electrical insulation and riveting is applied to fix the battery terminals 60, the insulating gasket G2 is deformed together during riveting of the battery terminals 60, and the battery terminals 60 are deformed together. It may be bent toward the inner surface of the top closure of the housing 20 .
- the insulating gasket G2 is made of a resin material, the insulating gasket G2 may be coupled to the battery housing 20 and the battery terminal 60 by thermal fusion. In this case, airtightness at the bonding interface between the insulating gasket G2 and the battery terminal 60 and at the bonding interface between the insulating gasket G2 and the battery housing 20 may be enhanced.
- the entire surface of the battery housing 20 may function as the first electrode terminal T1.
- the first electrode terminal T1 may be a negative electrode terminal.
- the battery terminal 60 exposed on the lower surface opposite the opening of the battery housing 20 and the battery terminal 60 among the lower surfaces of the battery housing 20 are It has a structure in which areas other than the area occupied can be used as the second electrode terminal T2 and the first electrode terminal T1, respectively. Therefore, in the cylindrical battery 1 according to the present invention, both positive and negative electrodes can be connected in one direction in electrically connecting the plurality of cylindrical batteries 1, thereby simplifying the electrical connection structure.
- the cylindrical battery 1 according to the present invention has a structure in which most of the lower surface located on the opposite side of the open portion of the battery housing 20 can be used as an electrode terminal, sufficient parts for electrical connection can be welded. It has the advantage of securing an area.
- the cylindrical battery may be, for example, a cylindrical battery having a form factor ratio (defined as the diameter of the cylindrical battery divided by the height, i.e., the ratio of the diameter ( ⁇ ) to the height (H)) of greater than about 0.4. .
- a form factor ratio defined as the diameter of the cylindrical battery divided by the height, i.e., the ratio of the diameter ( ⁇ ) to the height (H)
- the form factor means a value representing the diameter and height of a cylindrical battery.
- a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may be, for example, a 46110 battery, a 48750 battery, a 48110 battery, a 48800 battery, or a 46800 battery.
- the first two numbers indicate the diameter of the battery
- the next two numbers indicate the height of the battery
- the last number 0 indicates that the cross section of the battery is circular.
- the battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a cylindrical battery having a substantially cylindrical shape, a diameter of about 46 mm, a height of about 110 mm, and a form factor ratio of about 0.418.
- a battery according to another embodiment may be a cylindrical battery having a diameter of about 48 mm, a height of about 75 mm, and a form factor ratio of about 0.640.
- a battery according to another embodiment may be a cylindrical battery having a diameter of about 48 mm, a height of about 110 mm, and a form factor ratio of about 0.418.
- a battery according to another embodiment may be a cylindrical battery having a substantially cylindrical shape, a diameter of about 48 mm, a height of about 80 mm, and a form factor ratio of about 0.600.
- a battery according to another embodiment may be a cylindrical battery having a substantially cylindrical shape, a diameter of about 46 mm, a height of about 80 mm, and a form factor ratio of about 0.575.
- battery batteries having a form factor ratio of approximately 0.4 or less have been used. That is, conventionally, for example, 18650 batteries and 21700 batteries have been used. For an 18650 battery, its diameter is approximately 18 mm, its height is approximately 65 mm, and the form factor ratio is approximately 0.277. In the case of the 21700 battery, its diameter is approximately 21 mm, its height is approximately 70 mm, and the form factor ratio is approximately 0.300.
- the electrode assembly 300 includes a first electrode tab 11 and a second electrode tab 12 .
- the first electrode tab 11 is provided below the electrode assembly 300 accommodated in the battery housing 20 in the height direction (direction parallel to the Z-axis).
- the second electrode tab 12 is provided above the electrode assembly 300 accommodated in the battery housing 20 in a height direction (direction parallel to the Z-axis).
- the battery housing 20 may accommodate the electrode assembly 300 through an opening formed at a lower end thereof.
- the battery housing 20 is a substantially cylindrical container in which an open part is formed at the lower end and a closed part is formed at the upper end.
- the battery housing 20 may include a beading portion 21 and a crimping portion 22 formed at a lower end thereof.
- the beading part 21 may be located below the electrode assembly 300 accommodated in the battery housing 20 .
- the beading portion 21 may be formed by press-fitting the outer circumference of the battery housing 20 .
- the beading portion 21 partially reduces the inner diameter of the battery housing 20, so that the electrode assembly 300, which may have a size substantially corresponding to the width of the battery housing 20, is formed at the lower end of the battery housing 20. It can be prevented from escaping through the opening formed in .
- the beading portion 21 may also function as a support portion on which the cap plate 40 is seated.
- the crimping part 22 is formed below the beading part 21 .
- the crimping portion 22 may have an extended and bent shape so as to surround a circumference of the edge of the cap plate 40 with the circumference of the edge of the sealing spacer 50 interposed therebetween.
- the cap plate 40 may cover an opening formed in the battery housing 20 .
- the cap plate 40 may form a lower surface of the cylindrical battery 1 .
- the lower end of the cap plate 40 is preferably positioned higher than the lower end of the battery housing 20 .
- the cap plate 40 does not come into contact with the ground or the bottom surface of the housing. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a phenomenon in which the pressure required for breaking the venting part 41 differs from a design value due to the weight of the cylindrical battery 1, and thus, the smoothness of breaking the venting part 41 can be secured.
- the venting part 41 has a closed loop shape as shown in FIGS. 13 and 15 , the greater the distance from the center of the cap plate 40 to the venting part 41, the easier it is to break. It is advantageous. This is because, when the same venting pressure is applied, as the distance from the central portion of the cap plate 40 to the bent portion 41 increases, the force acting on the bent portion 41 increases, making it easy to break the cap plate 40 . In addition, in terms of smoothness of venting gas discharge, it is advantageous as the distance from the center of the cap plate 40 to the venting part 41 increases. From this point of view, the venting part 41 is formed along the periphery of a substantially flat area protruding downward from the edge circumference area of the cap plate 40 (in a downward direction with reference to FIG. 15 ). that can be advantageous.
- venting part 41 is continuously formed in a substantially circular shape, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the venting portion 41 may be discontinuously formed on the cap plate 40 in a substantially circular shape, or may be formed in a substantially straight line shape or other shapes.
- the sealing spacer 50 is configured to prevent the movement of the electrode assembly 300 and to enhance the sealing force of the battery housing 20 .
- the sealing spacer 50 may include, for example, a flow prevention part 51 , a sealing part 52 , and a connection part 53 .
- the flow prevention part 51 is interposed between the first current collector plate 30 and the cap plate 40 .
- the flow prevention part 51 may have a height corresponding to a distance between the first current collector plate 30 and the cap plate 40 .
- the movement preventing part 51 effectively prevents the electrode assembly 300 from moving within the battery housing 20 due to the gap formed between the first collector plate 30 and the cap plate 40. can Therefore, in the flow prevention part 51, damage occurs at the joint between the electrode assembly 300 and the first current collector 30 and/or the joint between the first current collector 30 and the battery housing 20. can prevent it from happening.
- the flow prevention part 51 may be located at a substantially central portion on one surface of the lower end of the electrode assembly 300 .
- the flow prevention part 51 may have a spacer hole H3 formed at a position corresponding to the winding center hole H1 of the electrode assembly 300 .
- the spacer hole H3 may function as a passage for inserting a welding rod or a passage for laser irradiation, similarly to the first collector plate hole H2 described above.
- the spacer hole H3 may also function as a passage through which electrolyte can be smoothly impregnated into the electrode assembly 300 when electrolyte is injected.
- the sealing part 52 is interposed between the battery housing 20 and the cap plate 40 .
- the sealing part 52 may have a shape extending along the inner circumference of the battery housing 20 .
- the sealing portion 52 may be bent together along the bent shape of the crimping portion 22 to cover the edge circumferential area of the cap plate 40 . there is.
- the sealing part 52 may function as a gasket for improving the fixing force of the cap plate 40 and the sealing force of the battery housing 20 .
- the sealing portion 52 of the sealing spacer 50 can replace the sealing gasket G1 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 .
- connection part 53 connects between the flow prevention part 51 and the sealing part 52.
- the connection part 53 may include, for example, a plurality of extension legs 53a radially extending from the flow prevention part 51 .
- the plurality of extension legs 53a are part of the housing coupling part 33 of the first current collector 30, except for the part inserted into the crimping part 22, and / or may be configured not to come into contact with the cap plate 40 .
- the connection part 53 may be positioned so as not to overlap with the housing coupling part 33 along the height direction (parallel to the Z-axis) of the cylindrical battery 1 .
- the extension leg (53a) and the housing coupling portion 33 may be disposed at positions staggered from each other so as not to overlap each other along the vertical direction.
- the sealing spacer 50 even if the shape of the sealing spacer 50 is deformed due to a sizing process of compressing the cylindrical battery 1 along the height direction (direction parallel to the Z-axis) or other causes, the sealing spacer 50 Interference between the connection part 53 of ) and the housing coupling part 33 of the first collector plate 30 can be minimized.
- the extension legs 53a when the extension legs 53a are configured not to contact the cap plate 40, even if the battery housing 20 is deformed due to a sizing process or an external impact, the extension legs 53a are deformed. may reduce the likelihood of
- each component constituting the sealing spacer 50 may be integrally formed.
- the sealing spacer 50 in which the flow prevention part 51, the sealing part 52, and the connecting part 53 are integrated can be manufactured by the injection molding. That is, the cylindrical battery 1 of the present invention, as one component, strengthens the sealing force for the opening of the battery housing 20 and electrodes through modification of the gasket part used to seal the opening of the battery housing 20. All of the flow prevention effects of the assembly 300 can be obtained. Therefore, according to the present invention, the complexity of the manufacturing process and the increase in manufacturing cost caused by the application of additional parts can be prevented.
- the second current collector P is coupled to an upper portion of the electrode assembly 300.
- the second current collector P is made of a conductive metal material and coupled to the second electrode tab 12 .
- the coupling between the second electrode tab 12 and the second current collector P may be performed by, for example, laser welding.
- the second collector plate P may be coupled to a coupling surface formed by bending an end portion of the second electrode tab 12 in a direction parallel to the second collector plate P.
- a bending direction of the second electrode tab 12 may be, for example, a direction toward a winding center of the electrode assembly 300 .
- the second electrode tab 12 When the second electrode tab 12 has a bent shape as described above, a space occupied by the second electrode tab 12 is reduced, thereby improving energy density. In addition, due to an increase in the bonding area between the second electrode tab 12 and the second current collector P, bonding force may be improved and resistance may be reduced. Meanwhile, the coupling structure and coupling method between the second electrode tab 12 and the second collector plate P as described above may be equally applied to the coupling between the first electrode tab 11 and the first collector plate 30. there is.
- the insulator (S) is formed between the closing part formed on the upper end of the battery housing 20 and the upper end of the electrode assembly 300 or between the closing part and the second collector plate (P). intervene
- the insulator S may be made of, for example, an insulating resin material.
- the insulator S prevents contact between the electrode assembly 300 and the battery housing 20 and/or prevents contact between the electrode assembly 300 and the second collector plate P.
- an insulator S may be interposed between the second electrode tab 12 and the battery housing 20 and/or between the second current collecting plate P and the battery housing 20 .
- the battery terminal 60 may pass through the insulator S for electrical connection with the second electrode tab 12 .
- the insulator (S) may also be interposed between the upper end of the outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly 300 and the inner surface of the battery housing 20.
- the second electrode tab 12 of the electrode assembly 300 may contact the inner surface of the sidewall portion of the battery housing 20 to prevent a short circuit from occurring.
- the insulator (S) may have a height corresponding to the distance between the closing portion formed on the top of the battery housing 20 and the electrode assembly 300 or the distance between the closing portion and the second current collecting plate (P). . In this case, it is possible to prevent the electrode assembly 300 from moving inside the battery housing 20, thereby significantly reducing the risk of damage to the coupling part for electrical connection between parts.
- the insulator S is applied together with the sealing spacer 50 described above, the effect of preventing the electrode assembly 300 from moving can be maximized.
- the insulator S may have an opening formed at a position corresponding to the winding center hole H1 of the electrode assembly 300 . Through the opening, the battery terminal 60 may directly contact the second current collecting plate P.
- a battery pack 3 includes the above-described cylindrical battery 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- components such as a bus bar, a cooling unit, and a power terminal for electrical connection are omitted for convenience of illustration.
- a vehicle 5 may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid vehicle, and a battery pack 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be used.
- the automobile 5 includes a four-wheeled automobile and a two-wheeled automobile.
- the vehicle 5 operates by receiving power from the battery pack 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the "primary particle” is a particle in which no grain boundary appears when observed in a field of view of 5000 to 20000 times using a scanning electron microscope or a backscattered electron rotation pattern analyzer (EBSD). means unit.
- Average particle diameter of primary particles means an arithmetic average value calculated after measuring the particle diameters of primary particles observed in a scanning electron microscope or EBSD image.
- Secondary particles are particles formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles.
- secondary particles in which 10 or less primary particles are aggregated are referred to as quasi-single particles in order to distinguish them from conventional secondary particles formed by aggregation of tens to hundreds of primary particles.
- the "specific surface area” is measured by the BET method, and can be specifically calculated from the nitrogen gas adsorption amount under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II of BEL Japan.
- D min ”, “D 50 ”, and “D max ” are particle size values of the cumulative volume distribution of the positive electrode active material measured using a laser diffraction method. Specifically, D min is the minimum particle size appearing in the volume cumulative distribution, D 50 is the particle size when the volume cumulative amount is 50%, and D max is the maximum particle size appearing in the volume cumulative distribution.
- D 50 means the average particle diameter of the primary particles.
- D 50 means the average particle diameter of particles formed by aggregation of primary particles.
- the particle size value of the volume cumulative distribution is, for example, after dispersing the cathode active material in a dispersion medium, introducing it into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g., Microtrac MT 3000) and irradiating ultrasonic waves of about 28 kHz with an output of 60 W. After that, it can be measured by obtaining a volume cumulative particle size distribution graph.
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g., Microtrac MT 3000
- “consist essentially of A” indicates that it includes component A and any components not mentioned that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the present invention.
- Basic and novel features of the present invention include at least one of minimizing particle breakage during battery manufacturing, minimizing gas generated by such particle breakage, and minimizing internal cracks. A person of ordinary skill in the art can recognize the material impact of these properties.
- the present inventors have found that a single particle composed of one primary particle or less than 10 particles as a cathode active material It was confirmed that the safety of a large-sized cylindrical battery can be dramatically improved when a quasi-single particle type cathode active material, which is an aggregate of primary particles, is used alone.
- the positive electrode is a positive current collector; and a cathode active material layer formed on at least one side of the cathode current collector, wherein the cathode active material layer may include a cathode active material, and optionally, a conductive material and/or a binder.
- the cathode may have a structure in which a cathode active material layer is formed on at least one surface or both surfaces of a long sheet-shaped cathode current collector, and the cathode active material layer may include a cathode active material and a binder.
- the positive electrode is a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder on one side or both sides of a long sheet-shaped positive electrode current collector, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrroly It may be prepared by applying a cathode slurry prepared by dispersing in a solvent such as money (NMP), acetone, or water, removing the solvent of the cathode slurry through a drying process, and then rolling. Meanwhile, when the positive electrode slurry is applied, a positive electrode including an uncoated portion (uncoated portion) may be manufactured by not applying the positive electrode slurry to a partial region of the positive electrode current collector, for example, one end of the positive electrode current collector.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- NMP isopropyl alcohol
- N-methylpyrroly N-methylpyrroly
- a cathode slurry prepared by applying a cathode slurry prepared by dispersing in
- the cathode active material includes single-particle active material particles.
- the single-particle active material particles may be 90wt% or more, 95wt% or more, 98wt% or more, or 99wt% or more relative to 100wt% of the positive electrode active material.
- the cathode active material may be composed of only the single-particle active material particles.
- the single-particle active material particle refers to a single particle, a quasi-single particle, or both.
- the single particle is a particle composed of one primary particle, and the quasi-single particle is an aggregate of 10 or less primary particles.
- single-particle active material particles composed of one primary particle or quasi-single-particle form in which 10 or less primary particles are agglomerated are conventional secondary active material particles in which dozens to hundreds of primary particles are aggregated. Since the particle strength is higher than that of the particle-type cathode active material, particle breakage hardly occurs during rolling. In addition, in the case of single-particle active material particles, since the number of primary particles constituting the particle is small, the change due to volume expansion and contraction of the primary particles during charging and discharging is small, and accordingly, cracks inside the particle are remarkably generated. Decrease.
- the single particle and / or quasi-single particle is 95wt% to 100wt%, preferably 98wt% to 100wt%, more preferably 99wt% to 100wt% based on the weight of the total positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode, More preferably, it is preferably included in an amount of 100wt%.
- the cathode active material including single particles and/or quasi-single particles according to the present invention has D min of 1.0 ⁇ m or more, 1.1 ⁇ m or more, 1.15 ⁇ m or more, 1.2 ⁇ m or more, 1.25 ⁇ m or more, 1.3 ⁇ m or more, or 1.5 ⁇ m.
- D min of the cathode active material is less than 1.0 ⁇ m, the line pressure increases during the cathode rolling process, and thus particle breakage is likely to occur, and thermal stability is deteriorated, so that thermal stability cannot be sufficiently secured when applied to a large cylindrical battery.
- D min of the cathode active material may be 3 ⁇ m or less, 2.5 ⁇ m or less, or 2 ⁇ m or less. If D min is too large, the lithium ion diffusion distance within the particles increases, and resistance and output characteristics may deteriorate.
- D min of the cathode active material may be 1.0 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, 1.0 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m, or 1.3 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the cathode active material may have D 50 of 5 ⁇ m or less, 4 ⁇ m or less, or 3 ⁇ m or less, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m. to 5 ⁇ m.
- Single-particle and/or quasi-single-particle type positive electrode active materials have less lithium mobility than secondary particle type positive electrode active materials because there are fewer interfaces between primary particles, which serve as a diffusion path for lithium ions inside the particles. There is a problem with this increase. This increase in resistance intensifies as the size of the particles increases, and when the resistance increases, capacity and output characteristics are adversely affected. Accordingly, by adjusting the D 50 of the positive electrode active material to 5 ⁇ m or less, the diffusion distance of lithium ions inside the positive electrode active material particles is minimized, thereby suppressing an increase in resistance.
- the cathode active material may have a D max of 12 ⁇ m to 17 ⁇ m, preferably 12 ⁇ m to 16 ⁇ m, and more preferably 12 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- D max of the cathode active material satisfies the above range, resistance characteristics and capacity characteristics are more excellent. If the D max of the positive electrode active material is too large, agglomeration between single particles occurs, and the lithium movement path inside the agglomerated particles becomes long, resulting in poor lithium mobility, which may increase resistance. On the other hand, if the D max of the cathode active material is too small, excessive disintegration is performed. Due to excessive disintegration, D min may decrease to less than 1 ⁇ m, resulting in particle breakage during rolling and deterioration in thermal stability.
- the positive electrode active material may have a particle size distribution (PSD) of 3 or less, preferably 2 to 3, more preferably 2.3 to 3, represented by the following formula (1).
- PSD particle size distribution
- Particle size distribution (PSD) (D max - D min )/D 50
- the positive electrode active material has the above particle size distribution, the electrode density of the positive electrode can be appropriately maintained, and particle breakage and resistance increase can be effectively suppressed.
- the cathode active material may have an average particle diameter of primary particles of 5 ⁇ m or less, 4 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or less, or 2 ⁇ m or less, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. , more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles satisfies the above range, a single particle and/or quasi-single particle positive electrode active material having excellent electrochemical properties may be formed. If the average particle diameter of the primary particles is too small, the number of agglomerations of the primary particles forming the positive electrode active material increases, reducing the effect of suppressing particle breakage during rolling.
- the diffusion path of lithium may be elongated, increasing resistance and degrading output characteristics.
- the cathode active material preferably has a unimodal particle size distribution.
- a bimodal positive electrode active material in which a large particle size positive electrode active material having a large average particle diameter and a small particle size positive electrode active material having a small average particle diameter are mixed and used has been widely used.
- the increase in resistance can be minimized by using a cathode active material having a unimodal distribution.
- the cathode active material may include lithium nickel-based oxide, and specifically, may include lithium nickel-based oxide containing 80 mol% or more of Ni based on the total number of moles of transition metal.
- the lithium nickel-based oxide may include 80 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%, 82 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%, or 83 mol% or more and less than 100 mol% of Ni. As described above, when the lithium nickel-based oxide having a high Ni content is used, high capacity can be realized.
- the cathode active material may include a lithium nickel-based oxide represented by the following [Formula 1].
- M 1 may be Mn, Al or a combination thereof, preferably Mn or Mn and Al.
- M 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, W, Y, Ba, Ca, Ti, Mg, Ta, and Nb, preferably one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Y, Mg, and Ti. or more, more preferably Zr, Y, or a combination thereof.
- the M 2 element is not necessarily included, but when included in an appropriate amount, it may play a role of promoting grain growth during firing or improving crystal structure stability.
- the a represents the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be 0.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0.85 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.15, or 0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2.
- the crystal structure of the lithium nickel-based oxide may be stably formed.
- b represents the molar ratio of nickel among all metals except lithium in lithium nickel-based oxide, 0.8 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, 0.82 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, 0.83 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, 0.85 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, 0.88 ⁇ b ⁇ 1 or 0.90 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- c represents the cobalt molar ratio of all metals except lithium in lithium nickel-based oxide, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.18, 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.17, 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.15, 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.12 or It may be 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.10.
- the molar ratio of cobalt satisfies the above range, good resistance characteristics and output characteristics may be implemented.
- d represents the molar ratio of M 1 element in all metals except lithium in lithium nickel-based oxide, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.18, 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.17, 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.15, 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.12, or 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.10.
- the positive electrode active material exhibits excellent structural stability.
- e represents the molar ratio of M 2 element in all metals except for lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, it may be 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.1 or 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.05.
- the positive active material according to the present invention if necessary, on the surface of the lithium nickel-based oxide particles, Al, Ti, W, B, F, P, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Ca , Zn, Zr, Nb.
- a coating layer including at least one coating element selected from the group consisting of Mo, Sr, Sb, Bi, Si and S may be further included.
- the coating element may be Al, B, Co or a combination thereof.
- the cathode active material may be included in an amount of 80 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 85 wt% to 99 wt%, and more preferably 90 wt% to 99 wt%, based on the total weight of the cathode active material layer.
- the positive electrode current collector various positive electrode current collectors used in the art may be used.
- the cathode current collector stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver may be used.
- the cathode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the cathode current collector to increase adhesion of the cathode active material.
- the cathode current collector may be used in various forms such as, for example, a film, sheet, foil, net, porous material, foam, or nonwoven fabric.
- all or some of the single-particle active material particles may have a core-shell structure in which the particle surface is coated with a conductive coating layer.
- the conductive coating layer may cover at least some or all of the particles.
- the conductive coating layer includes a conductive nanomaterial.
- the present invention coats the surface of single-particle active material particles with a conductive nanomaterial, so that excellent electrical conductivity can be realized without adding a separate conductive material to the positive electrode slurry.
- the cathode active material layer when a cathode active material coated with a conductive nanomaterial is applied to the surface of the single-particle active material particle, the cathode active material layer may not use a conductive material except for the conductive coating layer.
- the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry can be reduced and the solid content can be increased, and effects of improving electrode coating processability and electrode adhesion can be obtained.
- the conductive nanomaterial may be a conductive material having a nano-sized size so as to be smoothly coated on the particles, and the type is not particularly limited.
- the conductive nanomaterial may be a carbon nanotube or carbon nanoparticle.
- the conductive nanomaterial may have various shapes, and may be, for example, spherical, scaly, or fibrous.
- the conductive coating layer may be formed by mixing single-particle active material particles, which are core parts, and conductive nanomaterials, and then heat-treating the conductive nanomaterial.
- the mixing may be performed by solid-phase mixing or liquid-phase mixing.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes flaky graphite.
- the flaky graphite provides a sliding effect to the positive electrode active material, so that the rolling characteristics of the electrode are improved. and can reduce the electrode porosity to a target level. Accordingly, stability, initial resistance characteristics, and charge/discharge efficiency of the battery to which the positive electrode according to the present invention is applied may be improved.
- the flaky graphite may be included in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, preferably 0.1 wt% to 3 wt%, based on 100 wt% of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the flaky graphite used in the present invention may have an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. If the size of flaky graphite is too small, it is difficult to realize a desired porosity, and current density may be lowered, resulting in lower capacity. At this time, the average particle diameter of the flaky graphite may be measured by a laser diffraction method (ISO 13320).
- the flaky graphite may have an aspect ratio of 0.1 to 500, preferably 1 to 100, and more preferably 1 to 30.
- an effect of reducing electrode resistance by improving conductivity occurs.
- the flaky graphite has a density of 2.0 g/cm 3 to 2.5 g/cm 3 , preferably 2.1 g/cm 3 to 2.4 g/cm 3 , more preferably 2.2 g/cm 3 to 2.3 g/cm can be 3
- the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer may be 15% to 23%, preferably 17% to 23%, and more preferably 18% to 23%.
- the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer satisfies the above range, the electrode density increases to realize excellent capacity and decrease resistance. If the porosity is too low, the impregnability of the electrolyte is poor, and lithium precipitation may occur due to non-impregnation of the electrolyte. If the porosity is too high, the contact between the electrodes is not good, so the resistance increases and the energy density decreases, so the capacity improvement effect is insignificant.
- the porosity value of the positive electrode active material layer can be achieved by i) the positive electrode active material includes single-particle active material particles and ii) adding flaky graphite to the positive electrode active material.
- the flaky graphite when included in the cathode active material layer as in the present invention, the flaky graphite provides a sliding effect and fills the gaps of the cathode active material layer during rolling, so that the porosity of the cathode active material layer is the same as above. range can be reduced.
- the positive electrode may have a loading amount of 570 mg/25 cm 2 or more, preferably 600 mg/25 cm 2 to 800 g/25 cm 2 , and more preferably 600 mg/25 cm 2 to 750 mg/25 cm 2 .
- a relatively high loading amount of the cathode can be secured. And, through this, it is possible to implement high-capacity characteristics.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include a conductive material.
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical change inside the battery and has electronic conductivity can be used without particular limitation.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the conductive material may be typically included in an amount of 1 wt% to 30 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 20 wt%, and more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material may include carbon nanotubes.
- the cathode active material may include a multi-walled carbon nanotube having a high specific surface area and a small wall number as a conductive material.
- the multi-walled carbon nanotubes may be included in 50wt% or more, 70wt% or more, 90wt% or more, or 99wt% or more of 100wt% of the conductive material.
- the conductive material may be composed of only the multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a BET specific surface area of 300 m 2 /g to 500 m 2 /g. In order to distinguish this from the prior art, it is referred to as 'new CNT'.
- Carbon nanotubes (existing CNTs) commonly used in the prior art had a BET specific surface area of less than 300 m 2 /g.
- a comparison of scanning electron microscope images and physical properties (FIG. 22) of the new CNT (FIG. 20) and the existing CNT (FIG. 21) used in the present invention are as follows.
- the novel CNTs applied to the present invention are of a bundled type and have a multiwall structure, but have a higher BET and a smaller number of walls and a smaller diameter than conventional CNTs.
- the secondary particle type positive electrode active material In the case of using the secondary particle type positive electrode active material, sufficient electrical conductivity could be achieved even when the existing CNT was used at a level of 0.4wt% to 0.6wt%.
- the BET specific surface area is 300 m 2 because the resistance is higher than that of the conventional secondary particle type cathode active material and the electrical conductivity is low due to the small contact area with the conductive material.
- the content of the conductive material should be 0.9 wt% or more.
- 23 to 26 are graphs showing sheet resistance and high-temperature lifespan characteristics for each conductive material ratio when a single particle or quasi-single particle is applied as a cathode active material.
- the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry must be lowered by reducing the solid content in the positive electrode slurry.
- the active material content decreases, resulting in poor capacity characteristics.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that when carbon nanotubes having a BET specific surface area of 300 m 2 /g to 500 m 2 /g are applied as a conductive material together with a cathode active material, which is a single-particle active material particle, , It was confirmed that sufficient electrical conductivity can be secured even with a relatively small amount of carbon nanotubes, and accordingly, the slurry viscosity can be maintained low even when the solid content of the cathode slurry is formed as high as 70 wt% to 80 wt%.
- the carbon nanotubes used in the present invention may be multi-walled carbon nanotubes having a BET specific surface area of 300 m 2 /g to 500 m 2 /g, preferably 300 m 2 /g to 450 m 2 /g.
- BET specific surface area satisfies the above range, sufficient electrical conductivity can be secured even with a small amount of carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotubes may be multi-walled carbon nanotubes having a wall number of 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 6, and more preferably 3 to 6.
- the carbon nanotubes may have a diameter of 1 nm to 8 nm, preferably 3 nm to 8 nm, and more preferably 3 nm to 6 nm.
- the carbon nanotubes may be included in an amount of 0.7 wt% or less, preferably 0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt%, and more preferably 0.4 wt% to 0.6 wt%, based on the total weight of the cathode active material layer.
- the content of the carbon nanotubes satisfies the above range, sufficient electrical conductivity can be achieved, and the solids content in the cathode slurry can be maintained high, thereby forming a high content of the cathode active material in the cathode active material layer. Excellent capacitance characteristics can be realized.
- the table shown in FIG. 27 shows the case where carbon nanotubes (new CNTs) having a BET specific surface area of 300 m 2 /g to 500 m 2 /g are applied and the carbon nanotubes (existing CNTs) having a BET of 200 m 2 /g or more and less than 300 m 2 /g ) was applied, the solid content and viscosity of the positive electrode slurry and the resistance values of the MP coating layer and the MP interface layer were compared. From the table above, it can be seen that, when the new CNT is applied, the positive electrode slurry has a lower viscosity and excellent electrical conductivity even when the solid content of the positive electrode slurry is higher than that of the conventional CNT.
- the binder serves to improve the adhesion between the particles of the positive electrode active material and the adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector, and specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene Polymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM rubber), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluoro rubber, or various copolymers thereof, and the like, One of these alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hex
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 wt% to 30 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 20 wt%, and more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to an electrode assembly including the positive electrode and a battery including the same.
- the electrode assembly includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode, and the positive electrode has the structural characteristics as described above.
- the electrode assembly may be stacked with a separator interposed between an anode and a cathode to form a stacked or stacked/folded structure, or may be wound to form a jelly roll structure.
- a separator may be additionally disposed on the outside to prevent contact between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector; and an anode active material layer formed on at least one side of the anode current collector.
- the anode may have a structure in which an anode active material layer is formed on one or both surfaces of a long sheet-shaped anode current collector, and the anode active material layer may include a cathode active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the negative electrode is a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder on one side or both sides of a long sheet-shaped negative electrode current collector by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrroly It may be prepared by applying a negative electrode slurry prepared by dispersing in a solvent such as NMP, acetone, or water, removing the solvent of the negative electrode slurry through a drying process, and then rolling. When the negative electrode slurry is applied, a negative electrode including a non-coated portion may be manufactured by not applying the negative electrode slurry to a partial region of the negative electrode current collector, for example, one end of the negative electrode current collector.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the anode active material may be a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium.
- the negative electrode active material include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon; Si, Si-Me alloy (where Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Sn, Mg, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ti, and Ni), SiO y (where 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2), silicon-based materials such as Si—C composites; lithium metal thin film; metal materials capable of being alloyed with lithium, such as Sn and Al; and the like, and any one or a mixture of two or more of them may be used.
- the negative electrode may include a silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- the silicon-based negative electrode active material is Si, a Si-Me alloy (where Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Sn, Mg, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ti, and Ni), SiO It may be y (here, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2), a Si—C complex, or a combination thereof, preferably SiO y (here, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2). Since the silicon-based negative active material has a high theoretical capacity, capacity characteristics may be improved when the silicon-based negative active material is included.
- the silicon-based negative electrode active material may be doped with Mb metal, and in this case, the Mb metal may be a Group 1 metal element or a Group 2 metal element, and specifically, may be Li, Mg, or the like.
- the silicon anode active material may be Si, SiO y (here, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2), Si—C composite doped with M b metal, or the like.
- the active material capacity is somewhat lowered due to the doping element, but since it has high efficiency, high energy density can be implemented.
- FIG 44 is a graph showing changes in energy density according to the content of the silicon-based negative electrode active material and the presence or absence of doping of the silicon-based negative electrode active material in a battery using a mixture of a silicon-based negative electrode active material and a carbon-based negative electrode active material as the negative electrode active material.
- low efficiency SiO means undoped SiO
- ultra-high efficiency SiO means Mg/Li doped SiO. 44
- the energy density is improved as the content of the silicon-based negative active material among the total negative active materials increases.
- the energy density improvement effect is more excellent as the ratio of the doped silicon-based negative active material among the silicon-based negative active material increases.
- the silicon-based negative electrode active material may further include a carbon coating layer on the particle surface.
- the carbon coating amount may be 20 wt% or less, preferably 1 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- the carbon coating layer may be formed through a method such as dry coating, wet coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), or atomic layer deposition (ALD).
- the silicon-based negative active material may have a capacity of 1000 ⁇ 4000mAh / g, and may have an initial efficiency of about 60 ⁇ 95%.
- D 50 of the silicon-based negative active material may be 3um to 8um, and D min to D max may be included in the range of 0.5um to 30um.
- the anode may further include a carbon-based anode active material as an anode active material, if necessary.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may be, for example, artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, soft carbon, or hard carbon, but is not limited thereto.
- the mixing ratio of the silicon-based negative electrode active material and the carbon-based negative electrode active material is 1:99 to 20:80, preferably 1:99 to 15:85 by weight. , more preferably from 1:99 to 10:90.
- the negative active material may be included in an amount of 80 wt % to 99 wt %, preferably 85 wt % to 99 wt %, and more preferably 90 wt % to 99 wt %, based on the total weight of the negative active material layer.
- the anode active material may further include at least one selected from lithium metal and metal materials capable of alloying with lithium, such as Sn and Al.
- negative electrode current collectors commonly used in the art may be used, and examples include copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, carbon on the surface of copper or stainless steel, A surface treated with nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, an aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may have a thickness of typically 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to enhance bonding strength of the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode current collector may be used in various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous material, foam, or non-woven fabric.
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the negative electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical change inside the battery and has electronic conductivity can be used without particular limitation.
- specific conductive materials include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the conductive material may be typically included in an amount of 1 wt% to 30 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 20 wt%, and more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between particles of the anode active material and adhesion between the anode active material and the anode current collector.
- specific binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethylcellulose.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 wt% to 30 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 20 wt%, and more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the electrode assembly further includes a separator, and the separator is disposed in the electrode assembly in a manner interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it is used as a separator in a lithium battery.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or the like
- a laminated structure of two or more layers of these may be used.
- conventional porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high-melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength.
- the battery is a battery case in which an electrode assembly and an electrolyte are housed together, and an appropriate battery case may be selected without particular limitation as long as it is commonly used in the art, such as a pouch type or a metal can type.
- electrolytes usable in lithium batteries such as organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, molten inorganic electrolytes, etc. can be used , the type is not particularly limited.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester-based solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; ether solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone; aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate, PC) and other carbonate-based solvents; alcohol solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a C2 to C20 straight-chain, branched or
- carbonate-based solvents are preferred, and cyclic carbonates (eg, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) having high ion conductivity and high dielectric constant capable of increasing the charge and discharge performance of batteries, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, a mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate) is more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates eg, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, a mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate is more preferable.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , and the like may be used.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1M to 5.0M, preferably 0.1M to 3,0M.
- concentration of the lithium salt is within the above range, the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, so excellent electrolyte performance can be exhibited, and lithium ions can move effectively.
- the electrolyte may further include an additive for the purpose of improving lifespan characteristics of a battery, suppressing a decrease in battery capacity, and improving a discharge capacity of a battery.
- the additives include haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexamethyl phosphate tria Mead, nitrobenzene derivatives, sulfur, quinone imine dyes, N-substituted oxazolidinones, N,N-substituted imidazolidines, ethylene glycol dialkyl ethers, ammonium salts, pyrroles, 2-methoxy ethanol or aluminum trichloride alone Alternatively, it may be mixed and used, but is not limited thereto.
- the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 10
- the positive electrode may include a loading reducing portion having a smaller loading amount of the positive electrode active material than an adjacent region.
- the cathode has such a structure, the section of the cathode active material portion may be increased without worrying about precipitation of lithium. Accordingly, the energy density of the electrode assembly may be improved.
- a method of using a current collector of an electrode as an electrode tab may be used instead of a method of attaching an electrode tab to an electrode.
- a portion in which the loading amount is reduced occurs at the boundary between the negative electrode active material portion coated with the negative electrode slurry and the negative electrode current collector.
- metallic lithium may be deposited in the positive electrode active material portion facing the portion where the loading amount is reduced.
- the N/P ratio is a value obtained by dividing the capacity of the negative electrode calculated considering the area and capacity per mass of the negative electrode by the capacity of the positive electrode obtained considering the area and capacity per mass of the positive electrode, and generally has a value of 1 or more. . That is, the capacity of the negative electrode is increased.
- the N/P ratio is less than 1, metallic lithium is likely to be precipitated during charging and discharging, which causes rapid deterioration in safety of the battery during high charging and discharging. In other words, the N/P ratio has a significant effect on the safety and capacity of the battery. Due to the risk of precipitation of metallic lithium as described above, the positive electrode active material portion cannot be located in the positive electrode portion facing the portion where the loading amount of the negative electrode is reduced. This causes the energy density of the battery to not increase. Accordingly, the present invention improved the energy density by increasing the section of the positive electrode active material part.
- FIG. 32 is a view showing an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section taken along the line AA′ of FIG. 32 .
- an electrode assembly 300 includes a cathode 400, an anode 500, and a separator 600.
- Separator 600 is located between the cathode 400 and the anode 500 .
- the negative electrode 400, the positive electrode 500, and the separator 600 are wound together to form a jelly roll structure 300S.
- the jelly roll structure 300S refers to a structure formed by winding the negative electrode 400, the positive electrode 500, and the separator 600.
- a separator 600 is additionally disposed on the outside to prevent the negative electrode 400 and the positive electrode 500 from contacting each other.
- the negative electrode 400 includes a negative electrode current collector 410 and a negative electrode active material portion 420 formed by coating a negative electrode active material on the negative electrode current collector 410 .
- an anode active material portion 420 may be formed by coating both sides of the anode current collector 410 .
- the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 of the negative electrode current collector 410 to which the negative electrode active material is not coated extends in the first direction d1.
- the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 extends along one end of the wound negative electrode 400 .
- the cathode uncoated portion 430 extends beyond the separator 600 in the first direction d1. Accordingly, the cathode uncoated portion 430 may be exposed at one end of the jelly roll structure 300S in the first direction.
- the positive electrode 500 includes a positive electrode current collector 510 and a positive electrode active material portion 520 formed by coating a positive electrode active material on the positive electrode current collector 510 .
- the positive electrode active material portion 520 may be formed by coating both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 510 .
- the positive electrode uncoated portion 530 to which the positive electrode active material is not applied extends in the second direction d2.
- the anode uncoated portion 530 extends along one end of the anode 500 to be wound.
- the anode uncoated portion 530 extends beyond the separator 600 in the second direction d2. Accordingly, the anode uncoated portion 530 may be exposed at one end of the jelly roll structure 300S in the second direction.
- first direction d1 and the second direction d2 are directions opposite to each other.
- first direction (d1) and the second direction (d2) may be a direction parallel to the height direction of the jelly roll structure (300S).
- the electrode assembly 300 is not in the form of attaching a separate electrode tab, but the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 of the anode current collector 410 and the positive electrode uncoated portion 430 of the positive current collector 510 to reduce resistance.
- This is a form in which the unit 530 itself is used as an electrode tab.
- the cathode uncoated portion 430 and/or the anode uncoated portion 530 may have substantially the same structure as the electrode uncoated portion described above.
- the positive electrode active material portion 520 includes a loading reducing portion 500D having a smaller loading amount of the positive electrode active material than an adjacent area, and the loading decreasing portion 500D is in the first direction d1 of the positive electrode 500. ) is located at one end of In addition, more specifically, the loading reducing unit 500D may gradually decrease the loading amount of the cathode active material in the first direction d1.
- the loading amount means the application amount of the active material per unit area.
- the portion having a large loading amount may have a relatively thick thickness of the negative active material portion or the positive electrode active material portion because a large amount of negative active material or positive active material is applied to a unit area.
- a small amount of the negative electrode active material or the positive electrode active material is applied to a unit area, so that the thickness of the negative electrode active material portion or the positive electrode active material portion may be relatively thin.
- An active material portion may be formed by applying a slurry containing an active material. In this process, a boundary portion in which a loading amount gradually decreases may be formed between the uncoated portion and the active material portion.
- the negative electrode active material portion 420 may include a negative electrode boundary portion 420B forming a boundary between the negative electrode active material portion 420 and the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 .
- a loading amount of the negative electrode boundary portion 420B may decrease toward a direction in which the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 is located.
- the positive electrode active material portion 520 may include a positive electrode boundary portion 520B forming a boundary between the positive electrode active material portion 520 and the positive electrode uncoated portion 530 .
- a loading amount of the anode boundary portion 520B may decrease toward a direction in which the anode uncoated portion 530 is located.
- the negative electrode boundary portion 420B or the positive electrode boundary portion 520B in which the loading amount gradually decreases, is naturally generated in the process of applying the slurry containing the active material to the negative current collector 410 or the positive current collector 510.
- the amount of the positive electrode active material may be smaller than the amount of the negative electrode active material in a region corresponding to the positive boundary portion 520B based on a direction perpendicular to the second direction d2 . Since the N/P ratio has a value greater than 1, the problem of precipitation of metallic lithium does not occur.
- the problem is the area corresponding to the cathode boundary portion 420B.
- the amount of the negative electrode active material may be smaller than the amount of the positive electrode active material. This may cause a problem in that metal lithium is precipitated because the N/P ratio has a value smaller than 1.
- the loading reduction unit 500D is provided on the positive electrode 500, and the negative electrode active material unit 420 is located at a portion corresponding to the loading reduction unit 500D based on a direction perpendicular to the first direction d1.
- the cathode boundary portion 420B may be located at a portion corresponding to the loading reducing portion 500D based on a direction perpendicular to the first direction d1 .
- the area to which the cathode active material is coated can be increased without fear of lithium precipitation.
- the loading amount of the positive electrode active material increases as the loading decreasing portion 500D moves in the first direction d1. It may have a gradually decreasing form. Accordingly, it is possible to maintain a high N/P ratio between the negative electrode 400 and the positive electrode 500 in the region where the negative electrode boundary portion 420B is formed, thereby preventing lithium from being deposited.
- FIG. 34 and 35 are diagrams illustrating a process of manufacturing an anode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 34 is a plan view of the negative electrode sheet viewed from above, and FIG. 35 is a front view of the negative electrode sheet of FIG. 34 viewed from the front.
- the negative electrode active material portion 420 coated with the negative active material on the negative electrode current collector 410 and the negative electrode active material not coated A step of manufacturing the negative electrode sheet 400S such that the negative electrode uncoated portions 430 are alternately positioned.
- the negative electrode active material portion 420 may be formed by applying the negative electrode active material along the third direction d3 .
- the plurality of negative active material portions 420 may be positioned to be spaced apart along the fourth direction d4 by spaced apart application areas along the fourth direction d4 perpendicular to the third direction d3. That is, the coating process may be performed so that the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 is positioned between the plurality of negative electrode active material portions 420 .
- the third direction d3 and the fourth direction d4 are directions for description based on the negative electrode sheet 400S, and the first direction d1 and the second direction in the jelly roll structure 300S described above ( These are directions unrelated to d2).
- FIG. 36 is a perspective view showing a negative electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 and the negative electrode active material portion 420 have slits in a direction parallel to the third direction d3 , respectively. ting can be performed. Accordingly, several negative electrodes 400 as shown in FIG. 36 may be manufactured from the negative electrode sheet 400S. That is, the negative electrode 400 of FIG. 36 corresponds to one of several negative electrodes manufactured by slitting the negative electrode sheet 400S of FIGS. 34 and 35 .
- the negative electrode 400 in which the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 extends to one side may be manufactured by slitting the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 and the negative electrode active material portion 420 of the negative electrode sheet 400S, respectively.
- a slurry containing the negative electrode active material may be applied on the negative electrode current collector 410.
- a cathode boundary portion 420B may be formed at the boundary, the loading amount of which decreases toward the direction in which the cathode uncoated portion 430 is located.
- FIG. 37 and 38 are diagrams illustrating a process of manufacturing an anode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 37 is a plan view of the cathode sheet viewed from above, and FIG. 38 is a front view of the cathode sheet of FIG. 37 viewed from the front.
- the positive active material portion 520 coated with the positive electrode active material on the positive electrode current collector 510 and the positive electrode active material not coated A step of manufacturing the positive electrode sheet 500S such that the positive electrode uncoated portions 530 are alternately positioned.
- the cathode active material portion 520 may be formed by applying the cathode active material along the third direction d3.
- the plurality of positive electrode active material parts 520 may be spaced apart by adjusting the coating interval along the fourth direction d4 perpendicular to the third direction d3. That is, the coating process may be performed so that the positive electrode uncoated portion 530 is positioned between the plurality of positive electrode active material portions 520 .
- the third direction d3 and the fourth direction d4 are directions for description based on the positive electrode sheet 500S, and the first direction d1 and the second direction in the jelly roll structure 300S described above ( These are directions unrelated to d2).
- FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing an anode 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the positive electrode uncoated portion 530 and the positive electrode active material portion 520 each have slits in a direction parallel to the third direction d3. ting can be performed. Accordingly, several positive electrodes 500 as shown in FIG. 39 may be manufactured from the positive electrode sheet 500S. That is, the positive electrode 500 of FIG. 39 corresponds to one of several positive electrodes manufactured by slitting the positive electrode sheet 500S of FIGS. 37 and 38 .
- the positive electrode 500 in which the positive electrode uncoated portion 530 extends to one side may be manufactured by slitting the positive electrode uncoated portion 530 and the positive electrode active material portion 520 of the positive electrode sheet 500S, respectively.
- a slurry containing the positive electrode active material may be applied on the positive electrode current collector 510.
- An anode boundary portion 520B may be formed at the boundary, the loading amount of which decreases toward the direction where the anode uncoated portion 530 is located.
- a step of forming a jelly roll structure 300S by winding the manufactured negative electrode 400 and the positive electrode 500 together with the separator 600 may be followed.
- the negative electrode uncoated portion 430 extends beyond the separator 600 in a first direction d1
- the anode uncoated portion 530 extends in a second direction opposite to the first direction d1. (d2) may extend beyond the separation membrane 600.
- the cathode sheet 500S has a loading reduction region 500DA with a smaller loading amount of the cathode active material than an adjacent region.
- the method of forming the loading reduction area 500DA and for example, it may be formed by adjusting the degree of application of the slurry.
- the loading reduction region 500DA of the cathode active material portion 520 is slit.
- the slitted loading reducing area 500DA forms a loading reducing portion 500D in which the loading amount of the positive electrode active material is smaller than that of the adjacent area in the jelly roll structure 300S shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 .
- a loading reduction area 500DA having a smaller loading amount of the cathode active material than an area adjacent to the cathode active material portion 520 formed on the cathode sheet 500S is formed.
- the loading reduction area 500DA may be formed in the center of the positive electrode active material portion 520 .
- the loading reduction area 500DA may be configured such that the loading amount of the positive electrode active material gradually decreases toward the central portion 500C of the loading reduction area 500DA.
- the loading reduction area By slitting the central portion 500C of the 500DA, the loading reducing portion 500D according to the present embodiment may be provided.
- the loading reduction area 500DA is formed and the central portion 500C of the loading reduction area 500DA is slit.
- a loading reducing portion 500D may be provided at one end of the manufactured anode 500, and an anode uncoated portion 530 may be provided at the other end of the anode 500 opposite to the one end. can be provided.
- the loading reducing portion 500D is at one end of the positive electrode 500 in the first direction d1.
- the anode uncoated portion 530 may be located at one end of the anode 500 in the second direction d2.
- the loading amount of the positive electrode active material in the loading reduction area 500D may gradually decrease in the first direction d1.
- the negative active material portion 420 may be located at a portion corresponding to the loading reducing portion 500D based on a direction perpendicular to the first direction d1. More specifically, in the jelly roll structure 300S, the cathode boundary portion 420B may be located at a portion corresponding to the loading reducing portion 500D based on a direction perpendicular to the first direction d1.
- the corresponding positional relationship between the loading reducing unit 500D and the cathode boundary unit 420B is omitted because it overlaps with the previously described content.
- 40 is a view showing an electrode assembly according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- 41 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section taken along the cutting line BB' of FIG. 40;
- the electrode assembly 600 according to the comparative example of the present invention includes a negative electrode 700, a positive electrode 800, and a separator 900, and includes a negative electrode 700 and a positive electrode 800.
- the separator 900 is wound to form a jelly roll structure 600S.
- the negative electrode 700 may include an anode current collector 710 , an anode active material portion 720 and an anode uncoated portion 730 .
- the negative electrode uncoated portion 730 may extend in the first direction d1
- the negative electrode active material portion 720 forms a boundary between the negative electrode active material portion 720 and the negative electrode uncoated portion 730, and the loading amount gradually increases.
- a decreasing cathode boundary 720B may be included.
- FIG 42 is a view showing a process of manufacturing an anode 700 according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- the negative electrode sheet 700S is manufactured so that the negative electrode active material portion 720 and the negative electrode uncoated portion 730 are alternately positioned along the fourth direction d4, the negative electrode uncoated portion 730 and the negative electrode active material
- a plurality of negative electrodes 700 may be manufactured by slitting the portion 720 .
- the positive electrode 800 may include a positive electrode current collector 810, a positive electrode active material portion 820, and a positive electrode uncoated portion 880.
- the positive electrode uncoated portion 830 may extend in the second direction d2 opposite to the first direction d1, and the positive active material portion 820 includes the positive electrode active material portion 820 and the positive electrode uncoated portion 830. ) and may include an anode boundary portion 820B in which a loading amount gradually decreases.
- FIG 43 is a view showing a process of manufacturing an anode 800 according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- the positive electrode uncoated portion 830 and the positive electrode active material A plurality of anodes 800 may be manufactured by slitting the portion 820 .
- the electrode assembly 600 according to the comparative example of the present invention may be manufactured by winding the manufactured negative electrode 700 and the positive electrode 800 together with the separator 900 .
- the electrode assembly 600 according to the comparative example of the present invention may have a structure similar to the electrode assembly 300 according to the present embodiment except for the loading reducing part 500D (see FIG. 33 ).
- the positive electrode active material portion ( 820) cannot be located. If the positive electrode active material portion 820 extends to a portion corresponding to the negative electrode boundary portion 720B, the corresponding portion is a portion showing a low N/P ratio value, and metal lithium is highly likely to be deposited. Therefore, in order to prevent lithium precipitation, the length of the positive electrode active material portion 820 has to be limited. That is, the positive electrode active material portion 820 may be formed only in the area B1 as shown, and the positive active material portion 820 may not be formed in the area B2. This results in reducing the length of the positive electrode active material portion 820 due to the negative electrode boundary portion 720B.
- the positive electrode active material is disposed at a portion corresponding to the negative electrode boundary portion 420B based on a direction perpendicular to the first direction d1.
- a section 520 in particular a loading reduction section 500D, may be located. Since the loading reducing portion 500D having a smaller loading amount of the positive electrode active material than the adjacent area is provided at a position corresponding to the negative electrode boundary portion 420B, the N/P ratio in the corresponding portion can be maintained high and precipitation of lithium can be prevented. there is.
- the cathode active material portion 520 may be formed as much as the area A1 and the area A2 in which the cathode active material portion 520 cannot be formed may be reduced.
- the width of the positive electrode 500 in the height direction compared to the width of the negative electrode 400 in the height direction may be increased to 98% or more.
- the electrode assembly 300 according to the present embodiment can increase the length of the positive electrode active material part by the amount of the loading reduction part 500D. It may have a higher energy density in a limited space than the electrode assembly 600 according to the comparative example.
- the present invention is a jelly roll type electrode assembly having a structure in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound in one direction, and a cylindrical battery housing in which the electrode assembly is accommodated; and a battery cap disposed above the battery housing to seal the battery housing.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes single-particle active material particles having an average particle diameter D 50 of 5 ⁇ m or less as a positive electrode active material.
- the cylindrical battery may further include an electrolyte solution, and the above description may be referred to for the electrolyte solution.
- the electrode assembly may have a structure of a stack type, a stack/folding type, or a jelly roll type as described above.
- the electrode assembly may have a positive electrode having a loading reducing portion as described above.
- the amount of heat and gas generated inside the battery also increases. This is because the temperature and pressure inside the battery increase due to such heat and gas, which can cause the battery to ignite or explode. In order to prevent this, heat and gas inside the battery must be properly discharged to the outside, and for this, the cross-sectional area of the battery, which serves as a passage for discharging heat to the outside of the battery, must increase to match the increase in volume.
- the increase in cross-sectional area does not reach the increase in volume, as the size of the battery increases, the amount of heat generated inside the battery increases, resulting in problems such as increased risk of explosion and reduced output.
- the present invention proposes a cylindrical battery having a high safety while having a large volume so as to realize a high capacity.
- the high-loading electrode to which the single-particle or quasi-single-particle type cathode active material is applied may be applied to a cylindrical battery, initial resistance characteristics and charge/discharge efficiency of the cylindrical battery may be improved.
- the cylindrical battery according to the present invention significantly reduces the amount of gas generated compared to the prior art by applying a single-particle or quasi-single-particle type cathode active material, and thus realizes excellent safety even in a large-sized cylindrical battery having a form factor ratio of 0.4 or more.
- the cylindrical battery according to the present invention may preferably be a battery having a tab-less structure that does not include an electrode tab, but is not limited thereto.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode each include a non-coated portion on which an active material layer is not formed, the positive electrode uncoated portion and the negative electrode uncoated portion are located at the top and bottom of the electrode assembly, respectively, and the positive electrode uncoated portion and a structure in which a current collector plate is coupled to the negative electrode uncoated portion, and the current collector plate is connected to an electrode terminal.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing in N-methylpyrrolidone, and then the positive electrode slurry was coated on one surface of an aluminum current collector sheet, dried at 120° C., and rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- conductive material super C
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- a jelly-roll type electrode assembly was prepared by stacking in the order of separator/anode/separator/cathode with a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above, and then winding them.
- a 4680 cell was manufactured by inserting the electrode assembly prepared as described above into a cylindrical battery can and then injecting an electrolyte solution.
- a positive electrode active material As a positive electrode active material, it has a bimodal particle size distribution with a large average particle size D 50 of 9 ⁇ m and a small average particle size D 50 of 4 ⁇ m, and Li[Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.04 Al 0.01 ]O 2 in the form of secondary particles.
- a 4680 cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the fact that it was used.
- each of the 4680 cells manufactured by Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was placed in a hot box chamber at room temperature, heated up to 130° C. at a heating rate of 5° C./min, and maintained for 30 minutes. Shiki performed a hot box evaluation and measured the temperature change of the battery over time. For accurate evaluation, two hot box evaluations were performed on the cell of Example 1. The measurement results are shown in FIGS. 29a and 29b.
- FIG. 29A is a graph showing hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured in Example 1
- FIG. 29B is a graph showing hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured in Comparative Example 1.
- 28A shows a SEM photograph of the positive electrode active material used in Example 2-1.
- a cathode active material carbon nanotube: PVDF binder was mixed in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 97.8:0.6:1.6 to prepare a cathode slurry.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to one surface of an aluminum current collector sheet, dried at 120° C., and then rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- conductive material Super C: styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) : carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mixed in water at a weight ratio of 96 : 2 : 1.5 : 0.5
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- a jelly-roll type electrode assembly was prepared by stacking in the order of separator/anode/separator/cathode with a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above, and then winding them.
- a 4680 cell was manufactured by inserting the electrode assembly prepared as described above into a battery can and then injecting an electrolyte solution.
- the positive electrode active material has a bimodal particle size distribution with an average large particle size D 50 of 9 ⁇ m and a small average particle size D 50 of 4 ⁇ m, and a positive electrode active material in the form of secondary particles (composition: Li[Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.04 Al A 4680 cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that 0.01 ]O 2 ) was used.
- each of the 4680 cells manufactured by Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-1 was put into a hot box chamber at room temperature, and the temperature was raised to 130 ° C. at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min, After maintaining for 30 minutes, the temperature change of the battery was measured. A case in which thermal runaway and ignition did not occur during the test was marked as Pass, and a case in which thermal runaway and/or ignition occurred was marked as Fail. Also, for the accuracy of the test, the test was performed twice or more for the cells of Examples 2-1 to 2-2.
- 29C is a graph showing the hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured by Sample 1 of Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-1
- FIG. 29D is a graph showing Samples 2 and 3 of Example 2-1 and Example 2 It is a graph showing the hot box test results of 4680 cells manufactured by Samples 1 and 2 of -2 and Comparative Example 2-2.
- Example 2-1 One 16 139 Pass 2 20.9 141 Pass 3 23.7 137 Pass Example 2-2 One 16.0 148 Pass 2 15.8 147 Pass Comparative Example 2-1 One 17 not measurable Fail Comparative Example 2-2 One 16.2 not measurable Fail
- Example 2-1 in the case of the 4680 cell of Example 2-1 to which the cathode active material in the form of a single particle/similar-single particle having a D min of 1.0 ⁇ m or more was applied, the battery remained unusable until 65 minutes had elapsed.
- the cell can confirm that the battery temperature has risen rapidly.
- FIG. 30A shows a cross-sectional SEM image of the positive electrode prepared in Example 2-1
- FIG. 30B shows a cross-sectional SEM image of the positive electrode prepared in Comparative Example 2-1.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to one surface of an aluminum current collector sheet, dried, and rolled at a line pressure of 3.0 ton/cm to prepare a positive electrode.
- the porosity of the cathode active material layer of the cathode prepared as described above was measured, and the porosity was measured to be 17.5%.
- a positive electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that the positive electrode active material, flaky graphite, conductive material, and binder were mixed in a weight ratio of 97.2: 0.6: 0.4: 1.8, and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured. did The porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured to be 19%.
- a positive electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that the positive electrode active material, flaky graphite, conductive material, and binder were mixed in a weight ratio of 97.4: 0.4: 0.4: 1.8, and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured. did The porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured to be 20%.
- a positive electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that the positive electrode active material, flaky graphite, conductive material, and binder were mixed in a weight ratio of 97.6: 0.2: 0.4: 1.8, and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured. did The porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured to be 21%.
- Example 3-1 Except for the fact that a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, and the binder in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 97.8: 0.4: 1.8 without adding flaky graphite, the same as in Example 3-1 A positive electrode was prepared in the same manner, and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured. The porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured to be 24%.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 97.8: 0.4: 1.8 without adding flaky graphite, and rolling at a linear pressure of 2.0 ton/cm
- a positive electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 except for, and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured. The porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured to be 30%.
- Coin half cells including positive electrodes according to Examples 3-1 to 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 were prepared, charged up to 4.25V under a 0.2C current condition, and then 2.5V under a 0.2C current condition. After discharging to V, the charge capacity (mAh/g) and discharge capacity (mAh/g) of each coin half cell were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 3-1 1.5 17.5 230.3 209.3 90.9
- Example 3-2 0.6 19 229.4 206.9 90.2
- Example 3-3 0.4 20 230.4 207.3 90.0
- Example 3-4 0.2 21 229.1 205.5 89.7 Comparative Example 3-1 0 24 229.1 204.2 89.1 Comparative Example 3-2 0 30 225.4 199.7 88.6
- Examples 3-1 to 3-4 using the positive electrode to which flaky graphite was added showed lower porosity and excellent capacity characteristics than Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-2 can confirm.
- Example 3-3 in which flaky graphite was added to the positive electrode active material layer, on the basis of SOC10%, was lower than Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2, which did not contain flaky graphite. You can check. This shows that when flaky graphite is added to the positive electrode active material layer, resistance characteristics at a low SOC are improved.
- Example 3-1, Example 3-3, and Comparative Example 3-1, with a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, stacked in the order of separator/anode/separator/cathode, and then wound to form a jelly-roll type electrode assembly was manufactured.
- a 4680 cell was manufactured by inserting the electrode assembly prepared as described above into a cylindrical battery can and then injecting an electrolyte solution.
- conductive material super C
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
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Abstract
Description
| 샘플 # | Venting 시간(분) | 최대 온도(℃) | 핫 박스 테스트 결과 | |
| 실시예 2-1 | 1 | 16 | 139 | Pass |
| 2 | 20.9 | 141 | Pass | |
| 3 | 23.7 | 137 | Pass | |
| 실시예 2-2 | 1 | 16.0 | 148 | Pass |
| 2 | 15.8 | 147 | Pass | |
| 비교예 2-1 | 1 | 17 | 측정 불가 | Fail |
| 비교예 2-2 | 1 | 16.2 | 측정 불가 | Fail |
| 인편상 흑연 첨가량(wt%) | 공극률(%) | 충전용량 (mAh/g) |
방전용량 (mAh/g) |
효율(%) | |
| 실시예 3-1 | 1.5 | 17.5 | 230.3 | 209.3 | 90.9 |
| 실시예 3-2 | 0.6 | 19 | 229.4 | 206.9 | 90.2 |
| 실시예 3-3 | 0.4 | 20 | 230.4 | 207.3 | 90.0 |
| 실시예 3-4 | 0.2 | 21 | 229.1 | 205.5 | 89.7 |
| 비교예 3-1 | 0 | 24 | 229.1 | 204.2 | 89.1 |
| 비교예 3-2 | 0 | 30 | 225.4 | 199.7 | 88.6 |
Claims (31)
- 제1 전극 탭 및 제2 전극 탭을 구비하는 전극 조립체; 일 측에 형성된 개방부를 통해 상기 전극 조립체를 수용하는 배터리 하우징; 상기 전극 조립체의 일면 상에 배치되는 지지부, 상기 지지부로부터 연장되어 상기 제1 전극 탭과 결합되는 적어도 하나의 탭 결합부 및 상기 탭 결합부의 단부로부터 연장되어 상기 배터리 하우징의 내측 면 상에 결합되는 적어도 하나의 하우징 결합부를 포함하고 상기 배터리 하우징 내에 위치하는 제1 집전판;상기 개방부를 커버하는 캡 플레이트;상기 제2 전극 탭과 전기적으로 연결되는 배터리 단자; 및상기 전극 조립체의 유동을 방지하고 상기 배터리 하우징의 실링력을 강화하도록 구성되는 실링 스페이서;를 포함하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배터리 하우징은,상기 개방부에 인접한 단부에 형성되며 내측을 향해 압입된 비딩부를 포함하고,상기 하우징 결합부는, 상기 비딩부 상에 결합되는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배터리 하우징은,상기 개방부에 인접한 단부에 형성되며 내측을 향해 압입된 비딩부를 포함하고,상기 하우징 결합부는,상기 비딩부 상에 결합되는 접촉부; 및 상기 탭 결합부와 상기 접촉부 사이를 연결하는 연결부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 원통형 배터리는,상기 배터리 하우징과 상기 캡 플레이트 사이에 구비된 실링 가스켓을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 접촉부는,상기 비딩부와 상기 실링 가스켓 사이에 개재되어 고정된 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 비딩부와 상기 집전판의 접촉부 사이에는 용접부가 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배터리 하우징은,상기 개방부에 인접한 단부에 형성되며 내측을 향해 압입된 비딩부를 포함하고,상기 탭 결합부와 상기 하우징 결합부의 경계 영역은,상기 비딩부의 최 내측부보다 더 내측에 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 원통형 배터리는,상기 탭 결합부 및 상기 하우징 결합부를 각각 복수 개 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 연결부는,연장 방향이 전환되는 밴딩부를 적어도 하나 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 접촉부는,상기 비딩부를 따라 연장된 호 형태를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 연결부는,상기 접촉부를 따라 연장된 호 형태를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 실링 스페이서는,상기 제1 집전판과 상기 캡 플레이트 사이에 개재되는 유동 방지부; 상기 배터리 하우징과 상기 캡 플레이트 사이에 개재되는 실링부; 및 상기 유동 방지부와 상기 실링부 사이를 연결하는 연결부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 유동 방지부는,상기 제1 집전판과 상기 캡 플레이트 사이의 거리와 대응되는 높이를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 유동 방지부는,상기 전극 조립체의 일 면 상에서 중심부에 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 유동 방지부는,상기 전극 조립체의 권취 중심 홀과 대응되는 위치에 형성되는 스페이서 홀을 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 실링부는,상기 배터리 하우징의 내주면 둘레를 따라 연장된 형태를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 연결부는,상기 유동 방지부로부터 방사상으로 연장되는 복수의 연장 레그를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 복수의 연장 레그는,상기 제1 집전판과 접촉하지 않도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 복수의 연장 레그는,상기 캡 플레이트와 접촉하지 않도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 연결부는,상기 원통형 배터리의 높이 방향을 따라 상기 하우징 결합부와 중첩되지 않도록 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 원통형 배터리는,상기 제2 전극 탭과 결합되는 제2 집전판; 및상기 배터리 하우징의 상단에 형성된 폐쇄부와 상기 제2 집전판 사이에 개재되는 인슐레이터;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제21항에 있어서,상기 인슐레이터는,상기 제2 집전판과 상기 폐쇄부 사이의 거리와 대응되는 높이를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2전극의 활물질층은, 단입자, 유사-단입자 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 양극 활물질을 포함하고,상기 양극 활물질의 체적 누적 분포에서 나타나는 최소 입자 크기인 Dmin은 1.0㎛ 이상이고,상기 양극 활물질의 체적 누적 분포에서 체적 누적량이 50%일 때의 입자 크기인 D50이 5.0㎛ 이하이고상기 양극 활물질의 체적 누적 분포에서 나타나는 최대 입자 크기인 Dmax가 12㎛ 내지 17㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제23항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 체적 누적 입도 분포 그래프에서 단일 피크(single peak)를 나타내는 유니모달 입도 분포를 가지며, 하기 식으로 표시되는 입도 분포(PSD, Particle Size Distribution)이 3 이하인입도 분포(PSD) = (Dmax - Dmin)/D50것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제23항에 있어서,상기 단입자, 유사-단입자 또는 이들의 조합은 상기 제2전극의 활물질층에 포함된 양극 활물질의 전체 중량을 기준으로 95wt% 내지 100wt%의 양으로 포함된 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제23항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 전이금속 전체 몰수를 기준으로 Ni을 80몰% 이상으로 포함하는 리튬 니켈계 산화물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제23항에 있어서,상기 제2전극의 활물질층은 공극율이 15% 내지 23%이고,상기 제2전극의 활물질층은 0.05wt% 내지 5wt%의 중량 비율로 인편상 흑연을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제23항에 있어서,상기 제2전극의 활물질층은 탄소나노튜브를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제23항에 있어서,상기 제1전극의 활물질층은, 실리콘계 음극 활물질 및 탄소계 음극 활물질을 포함하고,상기 실리콘계 음극 활물질 및 탄소계 음극 활물질은 1 : 99 내지 20 : 80의 중량비로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 원통형 배터리.
- 제1항 내지 제29항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 원통형 배터리를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제30항에 따른 배터리 팩을 포함하는 자동차.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3235748A CA3235748A1 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | Cylindrical battery, and battery pack and vehicle including same |
| JP2024523963A JP7791319B2 (ja) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | 円筒形バッテリー、それを含むバッテリーパック及び自動車 |
| US18/290,555 US20240266690A1 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | Cylindrical battery, and battery pack and vehicle including the same |
| EP22884105.2A EP4329059A4 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-21 | CYLINDRICAL SECONDARY BATTERY AND BATTERY PACK AND VEHICLE WITH THE CYLINDRICAL SECONDARY BATTERY |
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| KR20210142184 | 2021-10-22 | ||
| KR10-2021-0142184 | 2021-10-22 |
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| WO2023068884A1 true WO2023068884A1 (ko) | 2023-04-27 |
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| EP (1) | EP4329059A4 (ko) |
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| WO2025007896A1 (zh) * | 2023-07-03 | 2025-01-09 | 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 | 电池及其装配方法 |
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| CN219350421U (zh) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-07-14 | 株式会社Lg新能源 | 圆筒形电池、应用于其的集电板、包括其的电池组及汽车 |
| KR102570308B1 (ko) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-08-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 원통형 이차 전지 |
| KR20260016428A (ko) * | 2024-07-26 | 2026-02-03 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 셀, 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 및 자동차 |
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-
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- 2022-10-18 CN CN202222748091.XU patent/CN219350421U/zh not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
- 2022-10-18 CN CN202211272710.0A patent/CN116014309B/zh active Active
- 2022-10-21 KR KR1020220136867A patent/KR102861777B1/ko active Active
- 2022-10-21 CA CA3235748A patent/CA3235748A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-21 JP JP2024523963A patent/JP7791319B2/ja active Active
- 2022-10-21 US US18/290,555 patent/US20240266690A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-21 EP EP22884105.2A patent/EP4329059A4/en active Pending
- 2022-10-21 WO PCT/KR2022/016194 patent/WO2023068884A1/ko not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN219350421U (zh) | 2023-07-14 |
| EP4329059A4 (en) | 2024-12-25 |
| CN116014309A (zh) | 2023-04-25 |
| CN116014309B (zh) | 2026-03-24 |
| CA3235748A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
| KR102861777B1 (ko) | 2025-09-18 |
| JP2024540991A (ja) | 2024-11-06 |
| EP4329059A1 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
| JP7791319B2 (ja) | 2025-12-23 |
| US20240266690A1 (en) | 2024-08-08 |
| KR20230057993A (ko) | 2023-05-02 |
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