WO2023070342A1 - 一种散热系统、电子设备及液冷系统 - Google Patents

一种散热系统、电子设备及液冷系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023070342A1
WO2023070342A1 PCT/CN2021/126533 CN2021126533W WO2023070342A1 WO 2023070342 A1 WO2023070342 A1 WO 2023070342A1 CN 2021126533 W CN2021126533 W CN 2021126533W WO 2023070342 A1 WO2023070342 A1 WO 2023070342A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
backplane
rigid
screws
heat dissipation
nut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/126533
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢俊
郑见涛
苏玉
朱龙光
代书俊
陈进宇
熊伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2021/126533 priority Critical patent/WO2023070342A1/zh
Priority to CN202180100317.0A priority patent/CN117616556A/zh
Priority to EP21961718.0A priority patent/EP4386833A4/en
Publication of WO2023070342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023070342A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
    • H10W40/40—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control involving heat exchange by flowing fluids
    • H10W40/47—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control involving heat exchange by flowing fluids by flowing liquids, e.g. forced water cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
    • H10W40/40—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control involving heat exchange by flowing fluids
    • H10W40/47—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control involving heat exchange by flowing fluids by flowing liquids, e.g. forced water cooling
    • H10W40/475—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control involving heat exchange by flowing fluids by flowing liquids, e.g. forced water cooling using jet impingement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
    • H10W40/60—Securing means for detachable heating or cooling arrangements, e.g. clamps
    • H10W40/611—Bolts or screws

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of heat dissipation, in particular to a heat dissipation system, electronic equipment and a liquid cooling system.
  • Jet cooling is a liquid cooling technology known as one of the ultimate solutions for heat dissipation.
  • a heat generating device 200 is disposed on the substrate 100 , and the heat generating device 200 is, for example, a chip.
  • a spray assembly 300 is provided above the chip, and the spray assembly 300 has a nozzle 301 .
  • the jetting assembly 300 uses the nozzle 301 to spray the cooling medium (such as cooling liquid) to the chip to be cooled, so as to directly dissipate heat to the chip.
  • a sealing member 400 (such as an O-ring rubber ring) is provided between the heating device 200 and the injection assembly 300 , so that the injection assembly 300 , the heating device 200 and the sealing member 400 form a sealed coolant outflow cavity.
  • the cooling liquid sprayed onto the surface of the heating element 200 will flow into the cooling liquid outflow cavity, and then flow out through the cooling liquid outflow cavity.
  • the sealing member 400 cannot be well compressed, the sealing performance of the coolant flowing out of the cavity will be poor, and there will be a huge hidden danger of liquid leakage. Especially in the pressure-holding reliability test of several atmospheric pressures, it is necessary to maintain the sealing effect of the cooling liquid flowing out of the cavity. Therefore, the sealing reliability of the cooling liquid flowing out of the cavity is particularly important.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a heat dissipation system, and the cooling liquid of the heat dissipation system has good sealing performance when flowing out of the cavity, thereby reducing the possibility of leakage of the cooling liquid.
  • the present application provides a heat dissipation system for dissipating heat from a heat generating device on a substrate.
  • the heat dissipation system includes: a spray assembly, the spray assembly has a cooling liquid inlet and a spray hole, and the spray hole faces the heat generating device; the heat generating device Set on the side of the substrate facing the injection component, the end of the injection component is in contact with the surface of the heating device; the seal is used to seal the part between the end of the injection component and the surface of the heating device; the cooling liquid flows out of the cavity, cooling
  • the liquid outflow cavity is formed by at least a seal, an injection component, and a heat-generating device, and the injection hole communicates with the coolant outflow cavity;
  • a rigid upper backplane is arranged on one side of the substrate around the heat-generating device; a rigid lower backplane is connected with a rigid upper backplane
  • the plate is relatively arranged on the other side of the base plate, and clamps the base plate together with the rigid
  • the rigid limiting structure is fixedly connected to the base plate with the rigid upper backplane and the rigid lower backplane through connectors.
  • the rigid limiting structure and the rigid upper backplane are fixedly connected to the base plate through a connecting piece.
  • the rigid limiting structure and the rigid lower backplane are fixedly connected to the base plate through a connecting piece.
  • the cooling liquid inlet of the injection assembly flows into the cooling liquid, and the injection assembly sprays the inflowing cooling liquid to the surface of the heating element through the injection hole, and the cooling liquid after cooling the heating element flows into the cooling liquid outflow cavity , the coolant flows out of the cavity and out of the injection assembly to take away the heat of the heat-generating device, thereby realizing the heat dissipation of the heat-generating device.
  • the substrate of the present application is provided with a rigid limiting structure, a rigid upper back plate and a rigid lower back plate.
  • the rigid upper backplane and the rigid lower backplane are located on opposite sides of the substrate, and the rigid upper backplane and the rigid lower backplane jointly clamp the substrate.
  • This is similar to a "sandwich" structure, which can increase the rigidity of the substrate. Therefore, after the three components of the rigid limiting structure, the rigid upper backplane and the rigid lower backplane are fixedly connected by the connecting piece, along the first direction, there is a height limiting space between the substrate and the rigid limiting structure.
  • At least a part of the injection assembly is located in the height limiting space.
  • the part of the injection assembly located in the height limiting space has one end in contact with the heating element and the other end in contact with the rigid limiting structure.
  • the height limiting space restricts the injection assembly from moving in a direction away from the heat generating device, so that the sealing member maintains a sealed state. Since the seal is located between the injection assembly and the heat-generating device, after the first direction movement of the injection assembly is effectively restricted in the height-limited space, the separation of the seal and the injection assembly can be prevented, and the seal is well compressed to enable cooling The liquid flows out of the cavity to get a good sealing effect. Therefore, the sealing member of the present application can effectively isolate the cooling liquid from flowing out of the cavity, prevent the cooling liquid from flowing out of the substrate, and avoid short circuiting of components and circuits outside the substrate.
  • the rigid position-limiting structural member includes: an accommodating portion for accommodating the injection assembly; a connecting portion extending outward from the outer surface of the accommodating portion, and the connecting portion is connected to the rigid upper
  • the back plate is fixedly connected to the base plate through the connecting piece, and there is a height-limiting space between the base plate and the receiving part; along the first direction, the other end of the spray assembly is in contact with the receiving part.
  • the accommodating part is used to accommodate the spray assembly, and the other end of the spray assembly is in contact with the accommodating part along the first direction, so as to limit the movement of the spray assembly in the first direction. It is equivalent to that the receiving part "wraps" the injection assembly, and after the receiving part is fixed on the substrate through the connection part, it can reliably play a position-limiting role, restrict the movement of the injection assembly in the first direction, and improve the sealing of the cooling liquid out of the cavity sex.
  • the rigid limit structure further includes: a sleeve, the inner cavity of the sleeve is a receiving part, and the inner cavity of the sleeve is adapted to the shape of the injection assembly; the connecting part is a
  • the flange is formed by extending the end of the sleeve facing the base plate radially outward, and the radial direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the above-mentioned receiving portion is formed by using the sleeve, which is convenient for processing. Using the flange as the connection part facilitates the connection of the sleeve to the rigid upper backplane and the rigid lower backplane.
  • a plurality of ribs are further included, and the two ends of each rib are respectively connected to the flange and the sleeve.
  • the setting of the ribs can improve the strength of the rigid limit structure.
  • the connecting piece includes: a plurality of upper backplane screws, arranged on the side of the rigid upper backplane facing away from the base plate, each upper backplane screw is used to pass through the connection part; multiple sets of Nut sets correspond one-to-one to the upper backplane screws.
  • Each set of nut sets includes two washers and two nuts.
  • Each set of nut sets clamps the upper and lower sides of the connection through an upper backplane screw. Wherein, along the first direction, the two pads are closely attached to the upper and lower sides of the connecting portion respectively.
  • the rigid limiting structure and the rigid upper backplane are fixedly connected through double nuts, and the connection is stable and not easy to loosen.
  • the heat dissipation system When the heat dissipation system is in working condition, it effectively restricts the movement of the injection assembly in the first direction, prevents the seal from separating from the injection assembly, and the seal is well compressed so that the coolant flows out of the cavity to obtain a good sealing effect.
  • the nuts in the nut set are hexagonal nuts.
  • the fastening force of the hexagonal nut is relatively large, and it can be operated with a hexagonal wrench. It is very convenient to install and disassemble.
  • the connector further includes: multiple sets of spring screws, each set of spring screws is located on the upper side of the connection part, and the connection part, the rigid upper backplane, the base plate and the rigid lower backplane are connected according to sequence fixed connection.
  • the connector further includes: a plurality of lower backplane screws, arranged on the side of the rigid lower backplane facing the base plate, corresponding to the spring screws one by one, each lower backplane screw
  • the lower backplane screw is used to pass through the base plate, the rigid upper backplane and the connecting part in turn, so that the spring screw is threadedly connected to the inner thread of a corresponding lower backplane screw.
  • connection part of the rigid limiting structure the rigid upper backplane and the rigid lower backplane are fixedly connected to the base plate by spring screws.
  • spring screws as connectors can control the installation force between the connection part, the rigid upper backplane and the rigid lower backplane, preventing heat-generating components from being damaged due to excessive force.
  • the rigid upper back plate and the rigid lower back plate of the present application are fixed and connected to each other through the spring screws and the aforementioned nut group, the overall high rigidity design is realized, and the pressure on the contact surface of the heating element is reduced.
  • the overall deformation of the heat dissipation system is limited, especially the deformation of the seal, so as to avoid the leakage of the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid flows out of the cavity, and also avoid the damage of the heating element.
  • the connector includes eight sets of nut groups, and the eight sets of nut groups are distributed on the heat dissipation system in a ring shape. This improves the connection stability between the rigid limiting structure and the rigid upper backplane. At the same time, due to the force applied to the injection assembly during the connection between the rigid limit structure and the rigid upper back plate, the injection assembly will compress the seal between the injection assembly and the heating element. After setting the above eight sets of nuts, It can ensure that the seal is evenly stressed.
  • the connecting piece includes: a plurality of upper backplane screws arranged on the side of the rigid upper backplane facing away from the substrate, and every two upper backplane screws are located on the same side around the rigid upper backplane. side, each upper backplane screw is used to pass through the connecting part, and each upper backplane screw has an internal thread; multiple fixed elastic pieces, each fixed elastic piece corresponds to two upper backplane screws on the same side, and each fixed elastic piece Locking holes are respectively provided at both ends of each locking hole, and each locking hole is passed through by a locking screw, so that the locking screw is threadedly connected with the internal thread of a corresponding upper back plate screw.
  • the rigid lower backplane, the rigid upper backplane and the rigid limit structure are fixedly connected in the form of a "single nut", and the rigid upper backplane and the rigid limit structure are not fixedly connected through the aforementioned nut set.
  • the number of nuts used is reduced and the cost is saved.
  • the fixed elastic piece is connected with the two upper backplane screws at the same time, it can prevent the connection part of the rigid position-limiting structural part and the joint of the rigid upper backplane from loosening.
  • nut grooves are provided on the surface of each fixed elastic piece facing the connecting part;
  • the connecting piece further includes: a plurality of additional lower backplane screws, arranged on the side of the rigid lower backplane facing the substrate , one-to-one correspondence with the fixed shrapnel, each additional lower backplane screw is used to pass through the base plate, rigid upper backplane and connection part in turn; multiple upper nuts, one-to-one correspondence with the additional lower backplane screws, each upper nut Located on the upper side of the connection part, the upper nut is screwed with the part of the additional lower backplane screw protruding from the connection part, so that the rigid lower backplane, the rigid upper backplane and the connection part are fixedly connected, and each upper nut is circumferentially limited to Corresponding to the nut groove of the fixed shrapnel.
  • each upper nut is circumferentially limited in the nut groove of the corresponding fixed elastic piece. In this way, the nut groove on the reverse side of the fixed shrapnel can be buckled on the upper nut to meet the limit requirement.
  • the rotation of the upper nut is limited by the fixed shrapnel, which can effectively prevent the upper nut from loosening, especially during transportation.
  • the upper nut is a hexagonal nut
  • the nut groove is a hexagonal nut groove
  • the hexagonal nut is limited in the hexagonal nut groove.
  • the present application provides an electronic device, including: the heat dissipation system according to any one of the above first aspects and a heat generating device, and the heat dissipation system is used to dissipate heat from the heat generating device in the electronic device.
  • the electronic equipment uses the above heat dissipation system, the possibility of coolant leakage is reduced, and the maintenance cost of the electronic equipment is reduced.
  • the present application provides a liquid cooling system, comprising: the electronic device of the second aspect above; a cooling device, the cooling device communicates with the injection assembly through a pipeline, so as to provide cooling liquid to the injection assembly.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a heat dissipation system according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a three-dimensional exploded view 1 of a heat dissipation system according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a heat dissipation system according to some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a first perspective view of a heat dissipation system according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 5 shows a side view I of the cooling system according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 shows a partially enlarged view of the heat dissipation system according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 7 shows a second perspective exploded view of the heat dissipation system according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 shows a second side view of the cooling system according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 shows a second perspective view of the heat dissipation system according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 shows a perspective view of fixing elastic pieces in a cooling system according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 60 Rigid limit structure
  • 61 Sleeve
  • 611 Accommodating part
  • 6111 Resisting part
  • 612 Through hole
  • 62 Connecting part
  • ;63 Rib
  • 70 connecting piece; 71: nut group; 711: gasket; 712: nut; 72: spring screw; 73: upper nut;
  • the present application provides a heat dissipation system, which prevents the separation of the seal and the injection assembly by restricting the movement of the injection assembly in the heat dissipation system in the first direction, thereby maintaining the sealing performance of the coolant flowing out of the cavity and reducing the The possibility of coolant leaking into the coolant outflow cavity.
  • the heat dissipation system provided by the present application is applied in electronic equipment such as servers, and the servers are servers such as blade servers and rack servers.
  • the heat dissipation system 1 of the present application includes a substrate 10 , an injection assembly 20 , a seal 30 , a rigid upper backplane 40 , a rigid lower backplane 50 and a rigid limiting structure 60 .
  • the side of the substrate 10 facing the injection assembly 20 is provided with a heat generating device 11, and the substrate 10 is, for example, a PCB (Printed Circuit Board).
  • An end portion (an end portion 232 described later) of the injection unit 20 is in contact with the heat generating device 11 .
  • the spraying assembly 20 has a cooling liquid inlet 221 and a spraying hole, and the spraying hole faces the heating element 11 .
  • the cooling liquid inlet 221 is for the cooling liquid to flow in (the dotted arrow B in FIG. 3 shows the cooling liquid flowing in), and sprays the incoming cooling liquid to the surface of the heat generating device 11 through the injection hole to dissipate heat from the heat generating device 11 .
  • the coolant inlet 221 of the spray assembly 20 mentioned above may be directly connected to a CDU (Coolant Distribution Unit, Coolant Distribution Unit), and the CDU provides the spray assembly 20 with coolant.
  • the sealing member 30 is located between the injection assembly 20 and the heat generating device 11 , and the sealing member 30 is used to seal the part between the end 232 of the injection assembly 20 and the surface of the heat generating device 11 .
  • the cooling liquid of the sealing member 30 , the injection assembly 20 and the heat generating device 11 flows out of the cavity 21 , and the cooling liquid flows out of the cavity 21 to accommodate the cooling liquid after dissipating heat from the heat generating device 11 .
  • the coolant outlet cavity 21 communicates with the injection hole of the injection assembly 20 .
  • the heat-generating device 11, the injection assembly 20 and the sealing member 30 form a sealed cooling liquid outflow cavity 21, and the cooling liquid after cooling the heat-generating device 11 flows out of the injection assembly 20 through the cooling liquid outflow cavity 21 (dashed arrow C in FIG. 3 shows coolant out).
  • the rigid upper backplane 40 of the present application is disposed on one side of the substrate 10 around the heat generating device 11 .
  • the chip is in a square shape
  • the rigid upper backplane 40 has a square-shaped hollow structure
  • the hollow structure of the rigid upper backplane 40 is arranged around the chip.
  • the shape of the chip is not limited thereto, and may be, for example, circular or rectangular.
  • the shape of the hollow structure of the rigid upper backplane 40 is adapted to the shape of the chip so as to surround the chip.
  • the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 50 of the present application are disposed on the other side of the substrate 10 opposite to each other. That is, along the first direction of the heat dissipation system 1 (indicated by the Z direction in FIGS.
  • the backplane 50 clamps the substrate 10 together. This is similar to a “sandwich” structure, which can enhance the rigidity of the substrate 10 .
  • the rigid limiting structure 60 , the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 50 are fixedly connected to the base plate 10 through a connecting piece 70 (the specific structure of the connecting piece 70 will be described in detail later).
  • a connecting piece 70 the specific structure of the connecting piece 70 will be described in detail later.
  • the height limiting space restricts the movement of the injection assembly 20 in a direction away from the heat generating device 11 (shown in the direction A in FIGS. 3 and 4 ), so that the sealing member 30 remains in a sealed state.
  • the height limit space will limit the injection assembly 20 along the distance away from the heating device 11. direction (indicated by the direction A in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) to keep the sealing member 30 in a sealed state.
  • the sealing member 30 is located between the injection assembly 20 and the heating device 11, after the first direction movement of the injection assembly 20 is effectively restricted in the height-limited space, the separation of the sealing member 30 and the injection assembly 20 can be prevented, and the sealing member 30 can be greatly improved. Good compression to allow the coolant to flow out of cavity 21 results in a good seal. Moreover, under the pressure holding test, the height limiting space can also effectively limit the movement of the injection assembly 20 in the first direction. Therefore, the sealing member 30 of the present application can effectively isolate the cooling liquid from flowing out of the cavity 21 , prevent the cooling liquid from flowing out of the substrate 10 , and avoid short circuiting of components and circuits outside the substrate 10 .
  • the injection assembly 20 is limited by the height limit space. Movement in one direction to keep the seal 30 in a sealed state. After setting in this way, the pressure on the contact surface between the injection assembly 20 and the heat-generating device 11 (such as a chip) can be reduced to avoid damage to the heat-generating device 11 .
  • the specific type of the above-mentioned heating device 11 is not limited.
  • the heating device 11 is a low power consumption device (such as a memory stick, PCIE card, RAID card, hard disk, etc.), or a high power consumption device (eg CPU, GPU, chip, etc.).
  • the above-mentioned connection method between the injection assembly 20 and the CDU is not limited.
  • the injection assembly 20 can be connected to the CDU through a quick connector, etc.
  • the quick connector can support automatic shutoff of the liquid when the connector is inserted or removed.
  • the present application does not limit the type of the sealing member 30 , and those that can play a sealing role belong to the protection scope of the present application.
  • the sealing member 30 is an O-shaped rubber ring.
  • the rigid upper backboard 40 , the rigid lower backboard 50 and the rigid limiting structure 60 are made of rigid materials.
  • the specific type of rigid material is not limited, for example, stainless steel, copper and so on.
  • the spray assembly 20 is used to spray cooling liquid onto the surface of the heat generating device 11 to achieve liquid cooling of the heat generating device 11 .
  • This liquid cooling method for the heat-generating device 11 is "jet impingement cooling". Jet Impingement refers to the liquid or gas jetting vertically (or at a certain angle) to the cooled surface through a circular or slit-shaped nozzle under the action of pressure difference, so that the directly impacted area produces a lot of impact. Strong heat transfer effect.
  • the present application does not limit the specific structure of the injection assembly 20 , and any structural form that can realize jet impingement cooling of the heat generating device 11 belongs to the protection scope of the present application.
  • the present application is described by taking the structure of the injection assembly 20 shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 as an example.
  • the body of the injection assembly 20 of the present application is cylindrical.
  • the injection assembly 20 includes: a coolant inflow channel 22 and two coolant outflow channels 23 , the coolant inflow channel 22 has a liquid inlet 221 , and the coolant outflow channel 23 has a liquid outlet 231 . That is, the spray assembly 20 has one liquid inlet 221 and two liquid outlets 231 .
  • One end of the cooling liquid inflow channel 22 provided with the liquid inlet 221 protrudes from the body of the injection assembly 20 and extends along a first direction (shown as the Z direction in FIGS. 2 and 3 ).
  • the two ends of the cooling liquid outflow channel 23 provided with the liquid outlet 231 are also respectively protruding from the body of the injection assembly 20, and are respectively along a direction perpendicular to the first direction (such as a radial direction, shown in the X direction in FIG. 2 ). extend.
  • the coolant inflow channel 22 of the present application is provided with spray holes (not shown) facing the heat generating device 11, the coolant outflow channel 23 is arranged around the coolant inflow channel 22, and the end 232 of the coolant outflow channel 2 contact with the surface of the heat generating device 11 .
  • the coolant outflow channel 23 has an opening 233 , and the opening 233 of the coolant outflow channel 23 is located on the same side of the injection assembly 20 as the end 232 of the coolant outflow channel 23 .
  • the end 232 of the cooling liquid outflow channel 23 compresses the sealing member 30, and the sealing member 30 seals the end 233 of the cooling liquid outflow channel 23 and the surface of the heat generating device 11, and the opening 233 of the cooling liquid outflow channel 23 is covered by the surface of the heat generating device 11 , so that the cooling liquid flows out of the channel 23 , the sealing member 30 and the heat generating device 11 to form the above-mentioned sealed cooling liquid outflow cavity 21 .
  • the liquid inlet 221 of the above-mentioned cooling liquid inflow channel 22 is, for example, connected to the CDU, and the CDU provides cooling liquid to the liquid inlet 221, and the cooling liquid flows into the inner channel cavity of the cooling liquid inflow channel 22 from the liquid inlet 221, hereinafter referred to as It is convenient to describe that the internal channel cavity where the cooling liquid flows into the channel 22 is called the jet cavity; after the cooling liquid enters the jet cavity, a high-speed jet flow is formed, and the high-speed jet impacts the heating surface of the heating device 11, that is, the cooling liquid in the jet cavity passes through the jet cavity.
  • the hole sprays cooling liquid on the surface of the heating device 11 to realize liquid cooling of the heating surface of the heating device 11; the cooling liquid after cooling the heating device 11 flows into the cooling liquid outflow channel 23, and then flows out of the cooling liquid outflow channel 23 Port 231 flows out, for example, back to the CDU.
  • the rigid limiting structure 60 of the present application includes: a receiving portion 611 and a connecting portion 62 .
  • the accommodating part 611 is used for accommodating the body of the injection assembly 20 .
  • the connecting portion 62 extends outward from the outer surface of the accommodating portion 611, and the connecting portion 62, the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 50 are fixedly connected to the substrate 10 through the connecting piece 70, and the connecting portion 62, the rigid upper backplane 40 and the After the rigid lower backplane 50 is fixedly connected, there is the aforementioned height-limiting space between the substrate 10 and the accommodating portion 611 .
  • the height limiting space restricts the movement of the injection assembly 20 in a direction away from the heat generating device 11 and keeps the sealing member 30 in a sealed state.
  • the specific structure of the rigid limiting structure 60 is not limited, and any structure capable of accommodating the injection assembly 20 belongs to the protection scope of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned rigid limiting structure 60 further includes: a sleeve 61 .
  • the inner cavity of the sleeve 61 serves as the above-mentioned receiving portion 611
  • the inner cavity of the sleeve 61 is adapted to the shape of the injection assembly 20
  • the inner cavity of the sleeve 61 accommodates the body of the injection assembly 20 .
  • the body of the aforementioned injection assembly 20 is cylindrical
  • the inner cavity of the sleeve 61 is also cylindrical.
  • both ends of the sleeve 61 in the first direction have openings, and the opening of the sleeve 61 at the end facing away from the substrate 10 in the first direction has a resisting portion 6111 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 61 has through holes 612 (refer to FIG. 4 ) through which the two coolant outflow passages 23 of the injection assembly 20 protrude.
  • the coolant inflow channel 22 of the injection assembly 20 protrudes from the opening of the end of the sleeve 61 in the first direction facing away from the base plate 10, and is connected with the sleeve.
  • the resisting portion 6111 on the sleeve 61 is opposed along the first direction, and the two coolant outflow channels 23 of the injection assembly 20 protrude from the two through holes 612 on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 61 .
  • the above-mentioned connecting portion 62 is a flange, and the flange is formed by extending the end of the sleeve 61 facing the substrate 10 outward in a radial direction (indicated by the X direction in FIG. 2 ), and the radial direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the flange is in contact with the rigid upper backplane 40 , and its shape is adapted to the rigid upper backplane 40 .
  • the aforementioned rigid upper back plate 40 is in a square shape, and correspondingly, the flange is in a square shape.
  • the rigid limiting structure 60 further includes a plurality of ribs 63 , and the two ends of each rib 63 are respectively connected to the flange and the sleeve 61 .
  • the arrangement of the ribs 63 can improve the strength of the rigid limiting structure 60 .
  • the present application does not limit the number of ribs 63 , four ribs 63 are shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , and are distributed at four corners of the rigid limiting structure 60 . In some possible implementations, other numbers of ribs 63, such as 5, 6, etc., may be provided according to actual needs.
  • the specific structure of the connector 70 in the heat dissipation system 1 will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
  • the present application does not limit the specific structure of the connector 70 , and any structure that can realize the fixed connection of the three components of the rigid limit structure 60 , the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 50 belongs to the protection scope of the present application.
  • the connector 70 includes: multiple upper backplane screws 41 and multiple sets of nut sets 71 .
  • a plurality of upper backplane screws 41 are arranged on the side of the rigid upper backplane 40 facing away from the base plate 10, and the connecting portion 62 is provided with upper backplane screw through holes 621 corresponding to the upper backplane screws 41 one-to-one.
  • the backplane screw 41 is used to pass through the upper backplane screw through hole 621 on the connecting portion 62 .
  • each group of nut groups 71 correspond one-to-one to a plurality of upper backboard screws 41
  • each group of nut groups 71 includes two washers 711 and two nuts 712
  • each group of nut groups 71 passes through one upper backplane screw rod 41 to Clamp the upper and lower sides of the connecting portion 62 in the first direction, wherein, along the first direction, the two spacers 711 are tightly attached to the upper and lower sides of the connecting portion 62 (as shown in FIG. 6 ). That is, one of the washer 711 and the nut 712 is located on the upper side of the connecting portion 62 , and the other washer 711 and the nut 712 are located on the lower side of the connecting portion 62 .
  • the connecting portion 62 of the rigid limit structure 60 When the connecting portion 62 of the rigid limit structure 60 is connected to the rigid upper backboard 40, first set a nut 712 and a washer 711 on the upper backboard screw 41 in sequence, and then pass the upper backboard screw 41 through The upper backplane screw through hole 621 on the connecting part 62, the rigid limit structure 60 is in contact with the rigid upper backplane 40 in the first direction and there is a space for accommodating the gasket 711 and the nut 712; then another Washers 711 and nuts 712 are sequentially set on the part of the upper backplane screw 41 protruding from the connecting part 62; the nuts 712 on the upper and lower sides of the connecting part 62 are respectively tightened, and then the two washers 711 are connected with the upper and lower sides of the connecting part 62 respectively.
  • the sides are closely connected to complete the fixed connection between the connecting portion 62 of the rigid limiting structure 60 and the rigid upper back plate 40 . That is, the rigid limiting structure 60 and the rigid upper back plate
  • the rigid limiting structure 60 and the rigid upper back plate 40 are fixedly connected through double nuts, and the connection is stable and not easy to loosen.
  • the cooling system 1 When the cooling system 1 is in working condition, it effectively restricts the movement of the spray assembly 20 in the first direction, preventing the seal 30 from separating from the spray assembly 20, and the seal 30 is well compressed so that the coolant flows out of the cavity 21 and is well sealed. Effect.
  • the nuts 712 in the nut group 71 are hexagonal nuts. In some possible implementations, the nuts 712 in the nut group 71 may also be other types of nuts.
  • the present application does not limit the number and installation positions of the nut groups 71 .
  • the connector 70 of the present application includes eight sets of nut sets 71 , and the eight sets of nut sets 71 are distributed on the heat dissipation system 1 in a ring shape.
  • Figure 7 shows that the rigid upper back plate 40 is provided with eight upper back plate screws 41, each side around the rigid upper back plate 40 is provided with two upper back plate screws 41 and is located between two ribs 63, correspondingly ,
  • the connecting portion 62 is provided with eight upper backplane screw through holes 621 .
  • the number of nut sets 71 may be six sets, ten sets, etc.
  • the nut group 71 can also be arranged at other positions of the heat dissipation system 1 .
  • the connector 70 also includes: multiple sets of spring screws 72, each set of spring screws 72 is located on the upper side of the connecting portion 62, and connects the connecting portion 62, the rigid upper backplane 40, the base plate 10 and The rigid lower backplane 50 is fixedly connected in sequence.
  • the side of the rigid lower backplane 50 facing the substrate 10 is provided with a plurality of lower backplane screws 51, and the plurality of lower backplane screws 51 correspond to a plurality of sets of spring screws 72 one by one.
  • the plate 40 is provided with a lower backplane screw through hole 622 corresponding to the lower backplane screw 51 one-to-one.
  • Each lower backplane screw 51 has an internal thread, and the lower backplane screw 51 is used to pass through the base plate 10, the rigid upper backplane 40, and the connecting portion 62 in turn, so that the spring screw 72 and the corresponding lower backplane screw 51 The internal thread realizes threaded connection.
  • the rigid lower backplane 50 , the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid limiting structure 60 are connected through the connecting piece 70 .
  • the connecting portion 62 of the rigid limiting structure 60 , the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 50 are fixedly connected to the base plate 10 by spring screws 72 .
  • the spring screw 72 as the connecting member 70 can control the installation force between the connecting portion 62 , the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 50 , preventing the heating element 11 from being damaged due to excessive force.
  • the connecting portion 62 of the rigid limiting structural component 60 and the rigid upper back plate 40 are first connected by spring screws 72.
  • the rigid lower backplane 50 is connected according to the preset installation force, and then the connection part 62 of the rigid limiting structure 60 and the rigid upper backplane 40 are fixedly connected through the aforementioned nut set 71 .
  • the spring force provided by the above-mentioned spring screw 72 is only designed to be equal to the rebound force of the sealing member 30 after being compressed, and this spring force is relatively small, for example, 30 to 50 kg.
  • the rigid limiting structure 60 can ensure that the spring force is evenly applied to the sealing member 30 .
  • the pressure of such spring force on the contact surface of the heating element 11 is relatively small, for example, 0.1Mpa to 0.4Mpa, so as to ensure that the heating element 11 will not be damaged.
  • the connecting portion 62 of the rigid limiting structure 60 , the rigid upper back plate 40 and the rigid lower back plate 50 are only fixedly connected to the base plate 10 by spring screws 72 , the aforementioned nut set 71 is not provided. Then, in order to ensure that the heat dissipation system 1 is in the working state and the sealing member 30 remains in a sealed state, it is necessary to increase the installation force of the spring screw 72, for example, 400kg to 600kg, which will increase the pressure on the contact surface of the heating element 11, for example 2Mpa to 4Mpa, the heating element 11 may be damaged.
  • the rigid limiting structure 60, the rigid upper back plate 40, and the rigid lower back plate 50 of the present application are fixedly connected to each other through the spring screw 72 and the aforementioned nut set 71, the overall high rigidity design is realized, and the heating element 12 is reduced.
  • the overall deformation of the heat dissipation system 1 is limited, especially the deformation of the sealing member 30, so as to avoid the leakage of the cooling liquid flowing out of the cavity 21 and the damage of the heating element 12.
  • the rigid limiting structure 60 , the rigid upper backboard 40 and the rigid lower backboard 50 are fixedly connected through the spring screws 72 and the lower backboard screws 51 .
  • the lower backplane screw 51 may not be provided, and the connecting part 62, the rigid upper backplane 40, the base plate 10, and the rigid lower backplane 50 are respectively provided with internal threaded holes, and the spring screws 72 are sequentially connected with the connecting part. 62.
  • the inner threaded holes on the rigid upper backplane 40 , the base plate 10 and the rigid lower backplane 50 are threaded.
  • Such arrangement can also realize the fixed connection of the rigid limit structure 60 , the rigid upper backboard 40 and the rigid lower backboard 50 .
  • FIG. 4 shows four spring screws 72, which are respectively located at the four corners of the connecting portion 62 (where the aforementioned rib 63 is connected to the connecting portion 62).
  • four lower backplane screws 51 are provided at corresponding positions on the rigid lower backplane 50
  • four lower backplane screws are respectively provided at the four corners of the connecting portion 62 , the base plate 10 and the rigid upper backplane 40 Through hole 622 .
  • the number of spring screws 72 may be six, eight or the like.
  • the spring screw 72 can also be arranged at other positions of the cooling system 1 .
  • the connector 70 further includes: multiple additional lower backplane screws 52 and multiple upper nuts 73 .
  • a plurality of additional lower backplane screws 52 are arranged on the side of the rigid lower backplane 50 facing the base plate 10, and the connecting portion 62, the base plate 10, and the rigid upper backplane 40 are provided with one-to-one correspondence with the additional lower backplane screws 52.
  • the additional lower backplane screw through hole, the additional lower backplane screw 52 is used to sequentially pass through the base plate 10 , the rigid upper backplane 40 and the connecting portion 62 .
  • a plurality of upper nuts 73 correspond to the additional lower backplane screws 52 one by one, each upper nut 73 is located on the upper side of the connecting portion 62 of the rigid limit structure 60, and the additional lower backplane screws 52 pass through the base plate 10, rigid After the upper backplane 40 and the connecting portion 62, the upper nut 73 is screwed with the part of the connecting portion 62 where the additional lower backplane screw 52 protrudes from the rigid limit structure 60, so that the rigid lower backplane 50, the rigid upper backplane 40 and the The connection part 62 is fixedly connected.
  • the rigid lower backplane 50, the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid limiting structure 60 are fixedly connected in the form of a "single nut", and the rigid limiting structure 60, the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 40 can also be realized.
  • the backplanes 50 are fixedly connected to each other.
  • the upper nut 73 is a hexagonal nut. In other embodiments, the upper nut 73 may be other types of nuts.
  • connection portion 62 of the rigid limit structure 60 and the rigid upper back plate 40 are fixedly connected through the aforementioned nut set 71, and the rigid limit structure 60, the rigid upper back plate 40 and the rigid lower back plate 50 are connected through the additional lower The backboard screw 52, the upper nut 73, and the spring screw 72 are fixedly connected to each other. Then, in some possible implementations, after the connection portion 62 of the rigid limiting structure 60 and the rigid upper back plate 40 are fixedly connected through the aforementioned nut set 71 , the spring screw 72 can be removed.
  • the rigid limit structural member 60, the rigid upper back plate 40 and the rigid lower back plate 50 are connected by spring screws 72, after the control of the installation force is completed, the rigid limit structural member 60, the rigid upper back plate 40 and the rigid lower back plate
  • the backplane 50 is fixedly connected by adding the lower backplane screw 52 and the upper nut 73 , and the connection part 62 of the rigid limiting structure 60 and the rigid upper backplane 40 are fixedly connected by the aforementioned nut set 71 .
  • the spring screw 72 is removed, the impact on the stability of the connection between the rigid limit structure 60, the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid lower backplane 50 is small.
  • the rigid limit structure 60 1.
  • the solid connection between the rigid upper back plate 40 and the rigid lower back plate 50 can still prevent the injection assembly 20 from separating from the heat generating device 11, so that the sealing member 30 remains in a sealed state, and prevents the coolant from flowing out of the cavity 21 and leakage of the coolant.
  • the aforementioned rigid lower backplane 50 , rigid upper backplane 40 and rigid limiting structure 60 are fixedly connected only in the form of a "single nut".
  • the present application does not limit the number and installation positions of the additional backplane screws 41 .
  • FIG. 7 shows that the connector 70 of the present application includes four additional upper backplane screws 41 , which are respectively located between two upper backplane screws 41 .
  • the number of upper nuts 73 is also four.
  • the number of additional backplane screws 41 may be one, two, six, and so on.
  • the additional upper backplane screw 41 can also be arranged at other positions of the rigid upper backplane 40 .
  • the rigid limiting structure 60 and the rigid upper back plate 40 are fixedly connected by double nuts. But the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the rigid lower backplane 50, the rigid upper backplane 40 and the rigid limiting structure 60 are fixedly connected in the form of a "single nut", and the rigid upper backplane 40 and The rigid limiting structure 60 is not fixedly connected through the aforementioned nut set 71 .
  • the connecting piece 70 of the present application includes: a plurality of upper backplane screws 41 and a plurality of fixing elastic pieces 80 .
  • a plurality of upper backplane screws 41 are arranged on the rigid upper backplane 40, and every two upper backplane screws 41 are located on the same side around the rigid upper backplane 40, and the connection part 62 is provided with the upper backplane screws 41 one by one.
  • the upper backplane screw 41 is used to pass through the upper backplane screw through hole 621 on the connecting portion 62 , and each upper backplane screw 41 has an internal thread.
  • Each of the above-mentioned fixed elastic pieces 80 corresponds to the two upper backboard screws 41 on the same side, each fixed elastic piece 80 is located between the aforementioned two ribs 63, and each fixed elastic piece 80 is provided with locking holes 81 at both ends Each locking hole 81 allows a locking screw 90 to pass through, so that the locking screw 90 is threadedly connected to the internal thread of a corresponding upper backplane screw 41 .
  • connection part 62 of the rigid limit structure 60 When the connection part 62 of the rigid limit structure 60 is connected with the rigid upper backboard 40, the upper backboard screw 41 passes through the upper backboard screw through hole 621 on the connection part 62, and the locks at the two ends of the fixed elastic piece 80 Locking screws 90 are respectively inserted into the fixed holes 81, and the locking screws 90 at each end of the fixed elastic piece 80 are threadedly connected with the internal thread of the corresponding upper back plate screw 41, thereby realizing the connection of the rigid limit structure 60 62 and the connection of the rigid upper backplane 40. Since the fixed elastic piece 80 is connected with the two upper backboard screws 41 at the same time, it can prevent the connection part 62 of the rigid limiting structure 60 and the joint of the rigid upper backboard 40 from loosening.
  • the present application does not limit the number and installation positions of the fixing elastic pieces 80 .
  • the connecting piece 70 of the present application includes four fixing elastic pieces 80 respectively located between the two ribs 63 .
  • the number of the fixing elastic pieces 80 may be one, two, six and so on.
  • the fixed elastic pieces 80 can also be arranged at other positions of the rigid upper backplane 40 .
  • the fixing elastic pieces 80 may correspond to the two upper backplane screws 41 on different sides.
  • a nut groove 83 is provided on the surface of each of the aforementioned fixing elastic pieces 80 facing the connecting portion 62 .
  • the plurality of additional lower backplane screws 52 in the preceding embodiments correspond to the fixed elastic pieces 80 one by one, after the upper nut 73 is threadedly connected with the part of the additional lower backplane screw 52 protruding from the connecting portion 62 ("single nut" connection method) , each upper nut 73 is circumferentially limited in the nut groove 83 of the corresponding fixed elastic piece 80 . In this way, the nut groove 83 on the opposite side of the fixed elastic piece 80 can be buckled on the upper nut 73 to meet the limit requirement. Using the fixed elastic piece 80 to limit the rotation of the upper nut 73 can effectively prevent the upper nut 73 from loosening, especially during transportation.
  • the upper nut 73 is a hexagonal nut
  • the nut groove 83 is a hexagonal nut groove
  • the hexagonal nut is confined in the hexagonal nut groove.
  • the rigid structure limiting member 60 , the rigid upper backboard 40 and the rigid lower backboard 50 are simultaneously fixedly connected by the connecting member 70 .
  • the rigid structural limiter 60 and the rigid upper backplane 40 are fixedly connected through a connecting piece 70 alone, and the rigid structural limiter 60 and the rigid lower backplane 50 are fixedly connected through a connecting piece 70 alone.
  • the rigid structural limiter 60 may not be provided, and the rigid lower backboard 50 , the rigid upper backboard 40 and the injection assembly 20 are fixedly connected.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the body of the injection assembly 20 extends radially outward to form an extension portion, and the extension portion is similar to the structure of the connection portion 62 mentioned above.
  • the extension part of the jetting assembly 20 is fixedly connected with the rigid upper backboard 40 and the rigid lower backboard 50 through the connecting piece, which can also limit the movement of the jetting assembly 20 in the first direction.
  • the structure of the connecting piece between the extension part of the injection assembly 20 and the rigid upper backboard 40 and the rigid lower backboard 50 can adopt the structure of the connecting piece 70 described in the previous embodiments. That is, refer to the specific form of connection of the connecting part 62, the rigid lower backplane 50 and the rigid upper backplane 40 through the connecting piece 70 in the foregoing embodiments, such as the connection form of "nut set", "single nut” and "spring screw”. .
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising: the heat dissipation system 1 and the heat generating device 11 described in any one of the above embodiments, and the heat dissipation system 1 is used for dissipating heat from the heat generating device 11 in the electronic device.
  • the aforementioned electronic devices are, for example, servers such as blade servers and rack servers. Jet impingement cooling is performed on the heat generating device 11 in the server through the spray assembly 20 of the cooling system 1 .
  • the present application also provides a liquid cooling system, including: the electronic device of the above embodiment; a cooling device, which communicates with the injection assembly 20 through a pipeline to provide cooling liquid to the injection assembly 20 .
  • the cooling device mentioned above is a CDU.
  • the CDU is an industrial component with a temperature-controlled power function, which contains a plate heat exchanger (not shown in the figure), which can realize heat exchange between the primary side and the secondary side.
  • the primary side is usually a cooling water device, and the cold working fluid provided by the cooling water device flows under the drive of the cooling pump.
  • the secondary side is the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application. That is, the CDU realizes heat exchange between the refrigerant in the chiller and the coolant in the electronic equipment.
  • the above-mentioned cooling water device is heat exchange equipment in the environment, usually a cooling tower.
  • the present application does not limit the type of the cooling water device, and may also be other devices capable of providing cold working fluid.
  • the injection assembly 20 in the heat dissipation system 1 of the present application is restricted to move in the first direction, so that the sealing member 30 sealing the injection assembly 20 and the heat generating device 11 remains in a sealed state, so that the heat dissipation system 1 has good sealing performance and reduces Possibility of coolant leaks.

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Abstract

本申请涉及散热技术领域，具体涉及一种散热系统、电子设备及液冷系统。其中，散热系统包括喷射组件，喷射组件具有冷却液进液口和喷射孔，喷射孔朝向发热器件；密封件，用于密封喷射组件的端部和发热器件的表面之间的部分；刚性上背板，环绕发热器件设置在基板的一侧；刚性下背板，与刚性上背板共同夹持基板；刚性限位结构件，与刚性上背板和/或刚性下背板通过连接件固定连接在基板；基板和刚性限位结构件之间具有高度限位空间，喷射组件的至少一部分位于高度限位空间内。高度限位空间限制喷射组件沿远离发热器件的方向运动，以使密封件保持密封状态。从而，本申请的散热系统降低了流入冷却液流出腔体中的冷却液泄露的可能性。

Description

一种散热系统、电子设备及液冷系统 技术领域
本申请涉及散热技术领域，特别涉及一种散热系统、电子设备及液冷系统。
背景技术
随着芯片等发热器件的功耗不断增大，芯片散热问题将是限制芯片发展的瓶颈之一。液冷技术因为散热能力强，逐渐开始得到运用。而射流冷却是目前已知的散热终极解决方案之一的液冷技术。
如图1所示，基板100上设有发热器件200，发热器件200例如是芯片。芯片上方设有喷射组件300，喷射组件300具有喷嘴301。喷射组件300利用喷嘴301将冷却介质(例如冷却液)喷向需冷却的芯片，对芯片直接散热。在发热器件200和喷射组件300之间设置密封件400(例如O型橡胶圈)，从而，喷射组件300、发热器件200以及密封件400形成密封的冷却液流出腔体。喷射到发热器件200表面的冷却液会流到冷却液流出腔体内，再经由冷却液流出腔体流出。
若密封件400不能被很好地压缩，就会使得冷却液流出腔体的密封性不好，就会存在液体泄漏的巨大隐患。特别是在几个大气压的保压可靠性实验中，需要保持冷却液流出腔体的密封效果。因此，冷却液流出腔体的密封可靠性显得特别重要。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供一种散热系统，散热系统的冷却液流出腔体的密封性能好，降低了冷却液泄露的可能性。
为达到上述目的，本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供一种散热系统，用于对基板上的发热器件进行散热，散热系统包括：喷射组件，喷射组件具有冷却液进液口和喷射孔，喷射孔朝向发热器件；发热器件设于基板面向喷射组件的一侧，喷射组件的端部与发热器件的表面接触；密封件，用于密封喷射组件的端部和发热器件的表面之间的部分；冷却液流出腔体，冷却液流出腔体至少由密封件、喷射组件以及发热器件形成，喷射孔与冷却液流出腔体连通；刚性上背板，环绕发热器件设置在基板的一侧；刚性下背板，与刚性上背板相对设置于基板的另一侧，并与刚性上背板共同夹持基板；刚性限位结构件，与刚性上背板和/或刚性下背板通过连接件固定连接在基板；沿垂直于基板的第一方向，基板和刚性限位结构件之间具有高度限位空间，喷射组件的至少一部分位于高度限位空间内；沿第一方向，喷射组件位于高度限位空间内的部分，一端和发热器件接触，另一端和刚性限位结构件接触。
本实施例中，刚性限位结构件同时与刚性上背板以及刚性下背板通过连接件固定 连接在基板。在一些可能的实施方式中，刚性限位结构件与刚性上背板通过连接件固定连接在基板。或者，在一些可能的实施方式中，刚性限位结构件与刚性下背板通过连接件固定连接在基板。
根据本申请的实施方式，喷射组件的冷却液进液口流入冷却液，喷射组件通过喷射孔将流入的冷却液喷向发热器件的表面，对发热器件散热后的冷却液流入冷却液流出腔体，经由冷却液流出腔体流出喷射组件，将发热器件的热量带走，从而实现了对发热器件的散热。
为了保持冷却液流出腔体的密封性，降低流入冷却液流出腔体中的冷却液泄露的可能性，本申请的基板上设有刚性限位结构件、刚性上背板以及刚性下背板。沿散热系统的第一方向，刚性上背板和刚性下背板位于基板的相反两侧，刚性上背板和刚性下背板共同夹持基板。这类似“三明治”结构，可以增强基板的刚度。从而，在刚性限位结构件、刚性上背板以及刚性下背板这三个部件通过连接件固定连接后，沿第一方向，基板和刚性限位结构件之间具有高度限位空间。
喷射组件的至少一部分位于高度限位空间内，沿第一方向，喷射组件位于高度限位空间内的部分，一端和发热器件接触，另一端和刚性限位结构件接触。
从而，在第一方向上，高度限位空间限制喷射组件沿远离发热器件的方向运动，使得密封件保持密封状态。由于密封件是位于喷射组件和发热器件之间，在高度限位空间有效的限制喷射组件的第一方向运动后，可以防止密封件和喷射组件分离，密封件得到很好的压缩，以使冷却液流出腔体得到良好的密封效果。从而，本申请的密封件能够很好地起到隔离冷却液流出腔体内的冷却液、防止冷却液流到基板外面的作用，避免造成基板外面的元器件和线路短路。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，刚性限位结构件包括：容纳部，用于容纳喷射组件；连接部，由容纳部的外表面向外延伸，连接部与刚性上背板或刚性下背板通过连接件固定连接在基板，基板和容纳部之间具有高度限位空间；沿第一方向，喷射组件的另一端和容纳部接触。
使用容纳部容纳喷射组件，沿第一方向，喷射组件的另一端与容纳部接触，起到限制喷射组件的第一方向运动的作用。相当于，容纳部“包裹”着喷射组件，在容纳部通过连接部固定在基板上后，可以可靠地起到限位作用，限制喷射组件的第一方向运动，提升冷却液流出腔体的密封性。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，刚性限位结构件还包括：套筒，套筒的内腔为容纳部，套筒的内腔与喷射组件的形状相适配；连接部为法兰，法兰由套筒的面向基板的端部沿径向向外延伸形成，径向垂直于第一方向。使用套筒形成上述的容纳部，加工方便。使用法兰作为连接部，便于套筒实现与刚性上背板和刚性下背板的连接。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，还包括多个筋条，每一个筋条的两端分别连接法兰和套筒。筋条的设置可以提升刚性限位结构件的强度，散热系统在工作状态下，喷射组件内通入冷却液，会产生一个背压。此时，刚性限位结构件的强度提升后，延长了刚性限位结构件的使用寿命，保证密封件长时间处于密封状态。继而，也延长了散热系统的使用寿命。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，连接件包括：多根上背板螺杆，设于刚性上 背板背向基板的一侧，每一根上背板螺杆用于穿过连接部；多组螺母组，与上背板螺杆一一对应，每一组的螺母组包括两个垫片和两个螺母，每一组的螺母组通过一个上背板螺杆以夹持连接部的上下两侧，其中，沿第一方向，两个垫片分别与连接部的上下两侧相贴紧。
从而，刚性限位结构件和刚性上背板通过双螺母实现了固定连接，连接稳定性好，不易松动。散热系统在工作状态下，有效的限制喷射组件的第一方向运动，防止密封件和喷射组件分离，密封件得到很好的压缩以使冷却液流出腔体得到良好的密封效果。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，螺母组中的螺母为六角螺母。六角螺母的紧固力比较大，使用六角扳手就可以操作，安装时很方便，也便于拆卸。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，连接件还包括：多组弹簧螺丝，每一组弹簧螺丝位于连接部的上侧，将连接部、刚性上背板、基板以及刚性下背板依序固定连接。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，连接件还包括：多根下背板螺杆，设于刚性下背板面向基板的一侧，与弹簧螺丝一一对应，每一根下背板螺杆具有内螺纹，下背板螺杆用于依次穿过基板、刚性上背板以及连接部，以使弹簧螺丝与相对应的一个下背板螺杆的内螺纹实现螺纹连接。
相当于，刚性限位结构件的连接部、刚性上背板以及刚性下背板通过弹簧螺丝固定连接在基板上。使用弹簧螺丝作为连接件，可以控制连接部、刚性上背板以及刚性下背板之间的安装力，防止发热器件因受力过大而损坏。
另外，本申请的刚性限位结构件、刚性上背板以及刚性下背板通过弹簧螺丝以及前述的螺母组相互固定连接后，实现了整体高刚性设计，在降低发热器件的接触面的压强的同时，限制了散热系统的整体变形，特别是密封件的变形，避免冷却液流出腔体内的冷却液泄漏，也避免发热器件损坏。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，连接件包括八组螺母组，八组螺母组呈环形分布于散热系统上。这提升了刚性限位结构件和刚性上背板之间的连接稳定性。同时，由于刚性限位结构件与刚性上背板连接的过程中，会向喷射组件施加作用力，喷射组件会压缩位于喷射组件和发热器件之间的密封件，设置上述八组螺母组后，可以确保密封件均匀受力。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，连接件包括：多根上背板螺杆，设于刚性上背板背向基板的一侧，每两根上背板螺杆位于刚性上背板的四周的同一侧，每一根上背板螺杆用于穿过连接部，每一根上背板螺杆具有内螺纹；多个固定弹片，每一个固定弹片与同一侧的两根上背板螺杆相对应，每一个固定弹片的两端分别设有锁固孔，每一个锁固孔供锁固螺丝穿过，以使锁固螺丝与相对应的一个上背板螺杆的内螺纹实现螺纹连接。
刚性下背板、刚性上背板和刚性限位结构件通过“单螺母”的形式实现固定连接，刚性上背板和刚性限位结构件不通过前述的螺母组实现固定连接。减少了螺母的使用数量，节约成本。同时，由于固定弹片同时与两个上背板螺杆实现连接，这样可以防止刚性限位结构件的连接部和刚性上背板的连接处出现松动。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，每一个固定弹片面向连接部的表面设有螺母槽；连接件还包括：多根附加下背板螺杆，设于刚性下背板面向基板的一侧，与固定 弹片一一对应，每一根附加下背板螺杆用于依次穿过基板、刚性上背板以及连接部；多个上螺母，与附加下背板螺杆一一对应，每一个上螺母位于连接部的上侧，上螺母与附加下背板螺杆伸出连接部的部分螺纹连接，以使刚性下背板、刚性上背板和连接部固定连接，并且每一个上螺母周向限位于相对应的固定弹片的螺母槽内。
在上螺母与附加下背板螺杆伸出连接部的部分螺纹连接之后(“单螺母”连接方式)，每一个上螺母周向限位于相对应的固定弹片的螺母槽内。这样固定弹片反面的螺母槽可以扣在上螺母上，以到达限位要求。采用固定弹片来对上螺母的转动进行限位，可以有效防止上螺母松动，尤其是在运输过程中产生的松动。
在上述第一方面的一种可能实现中，上螺母为六角螺母，螺母槽为六角螺母槽，六角螺母限位于六角螺母槽内。无需设置新的结构形式的周向限位结构，直接利用现有的六角螺母，六角螺母的外周面非圆面，与六角螺母槽相互配合后，即可以起到周向限位作用。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电子设备，包括：上述第一方面中任一项的散热系统和发热器件，散热系统用于对电子设备中的发热器件进行散热。电子设备使用上述的散热系统，冷却液泄露的可能性降低，降低了电子设备的维修成本。
第三方面，本申请提供一种液冷系统，包括：上述第二方面的电子设备；冷却装置，冷却装置通过管路与喷射组件连通，以向喷射组件提供冷却液。
附图说明
图1根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的结构示意图；
图2根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的立体分解图一；
图3根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的剖视图；
图4根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的立体图一；
图5根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的侧视图一；
图6根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的局部放大图；
图7根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的立体分解图二；
图8根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的侧视图二；
图9根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统的立体图二；
图10根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了散热系统中固定弹片的立体图。
附图标记说明：
现有技术：
100：基板；
200：发热器件；
300：喷射组件；301：喷嘴；
400：密封件；
本申请：
1：散热系统；
10：基板；11：发热器件；
20：喷射组件；21：冷却液流出腔体；22：冷却液流入通道；221：进液口；23：冷却液流出通道；231：出液口；232：冷却液流出通道的端部；233：冷却液流出通道的敞口；
30：密封件
40：刚性上背板；41：上背板螺杆；
50：刚性下背板；51：下背板螺杆；52：附加下背板螺杆；
60：刚性限位结构件；61：套筒；611：容纳部；6111：抵挡部；612：通孔；62：连接部；621：上背板螺杆通孔；622：下背板螺杆通孔；63：筋条；
70：连接件；71：螺母组；711：垫片；712：螺母；72：弹簧螺丝；73：上螺母；
80：固定弹片；81：锁固孔；83：螺母槽；
90：锁固螺丝。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细说明本申请的具体实施方式。
本申请提供了一种散热系统，通过限制散热系统中的喷射组件在第一方向上的运动，起到防止密封件和喷射组件分离的作用，从而保持冷却液流出腔体的密封性，降低了流入冷却液流出腔体中的冷却液泄露的可能性。示例性的，本申请提供的散热系统应用在例如服务器的电子设备中，服务器例如是刀片式服务器、机架式服务器等服务器。
如图2至图3所示，本申请的散热系统1包括基板10、喷射组件20、密封件30、刚性上背板40、刚性下背板50以及刚性限位结构件60。其中，基板10面向喷射组件20的一侧设有发热器件11，基板10例如是PCB板(Printed Circuit Board)。喷射组件20的端部(后述的端部232)与发热器件11接触。喷射组件20具有冷却液进液口221和喷射孔，喷射孔朝向发热器件11。冷却液进液口221供冷却液流入(图3中虚线箭头B示出冷却液流入)，并通过喷射孔将流入的冷却液喷向发热器件11的表面，以对发热器件11进行散热。示例性的，上述的喷射组件20的冷却液进液口221可以直接接入CDU(Coolant Distribution Unit，冷却液分配单元)，CDU向喷射组件20提供冷却液。
如图2和图3所示，密封件30位于喷射组件20和发热器件11之间，密封件30用于密封喷射组件20的端部232和发热器件11的表面之间的部分。示例性的，密封件30、喷射组件20以及发热器件11冷却液流出腔体21，冷却液流出腔体21用于容纳对发热器件11散热后的冷却液。冷却液流出腔体21与喷射组件20的喷射孔连通。即，发热器件11、喷射组件20以及密封件30形成密封的冷却液流出腔体21，对发热器件11散热后的冷却液经由冷却液流出腔体21流出喷射组件20(图3中虚线箭头C示出冷却液流出)。
如图2所示，本申请的刚性上背板40环绕发热器件11设置在基板10的一侧。以发热器件11为芯片示例说明，芯片呈正方形状，刚性上背板40具有呈正方形状的镂空结构，刚性上背板40的镂空结构环绕芯片的四周设置。芯片的形状不限于此，例如还可以是圆形或长方形等形状。相应地，刚性上背板40的镂空结构的形状与芯片的形 状相适配以环绕芯片设置。
如图3所示，本申请的刚性上背板40与刚性下背板50相对设置于基板10的另一侧。即，沿散热系统1的第一方向(图2和图3中Z方向所示)，刚性上背板40和刚性下背板50位于基板10的相反两侧，刚性上背板40和刚性下背板50共同夹持基板10。这类似“三明治”结构，可以增强基板10的刚度。
参考图3和图4，刚性限位结构件60刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50通过连接件70(连接件70的具体结构后文会详细描述)固定连接在基板10。刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50这三个部件通过连接件70固定连接后，沿第一方向，基板10和刚性限位结构件60之间具有高度限位空间(图3中M所示)，喷射组件20的至少一部分位于高度限位空间内。示例性的，喷射组件20的冷却液进液口221位于高度限位空间外。
沿第一方向，喷射组件20位于高度限位空间内的部分，一端和发热器件11接触，另一端和刚性限位结构件60接触。从而，在第一方向上，高度限位空间限制喷射组件20沿远离发热器件11的方向(图3和图4中A方向所示)运动，使得密封件30保持密封状态。
由于喷射组件20的冷却液来自于CDU，喷射组件20的射流腔体(冷却液流入的腔体)会一直存在一个背压(例如1至4个气压)，加上可靠性测试需要考虑瞬时极致场景，所以有一个几倍大气压(例如2至7个大气压)保压测试的业界通用标准。
而本申请的散热系统1在工作状态下，即从喷射组件20的进液口221通入冷却液后(会产生一个背压)，高度限位空间会限制喷射组件20沿远离发热器件11的方向(图3和图4中A方向所示)运动，以使密封件30保持密封状态。
由于密封件30是位于喷射组件20和发热器件11之间，在高度限位空间有效的限制喷射组件20的第一方向运动后，可以防止密封件30和喷射组件20分离，密封件30得到很好的压缩以使冷却液流出腔体21得到良好的密封效果。并且，在保压测试下，高度限位空间也能有效的限制喷射组件20的第一方向运动。从而，本申请的密封件30能够很好地起到隔离冷却液流出腔体21内的冷却液、防止冷却液流到基板10外面的作用，避免造成基板10外面的元器件和线路短路。
并且，如上所述，本申请的刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50这三个部件通过连接件70完成固定连接后，通过高度限位空间限制喷射组件20第一方向的运动，以使密封件30保持密封状态。这样设置后，可以降低喷射组件20与发热器件11(例如芯片)的接触面的压强，避免损坏发热器件11。
需说明的是，上述的发热器件11的具体类型不做限制，示例性的，发热器件11是低功耗器件(例如内存条、PCIE卡、RAID卡、硬盘等)，或者是高功耗器件(例CPU，GPU、芯片等)。上述喷射组件20与CDU的连接方式也不做限制，示例性的，喷射组件20可以通过快速接头等方式和CDU连接，快速接头可以支持接头插拔时液体自动关断。此外，本申请对密封件30的类型不做限制，能够起到密封作用的都属于本申请的保护范围。示例性的，密封件30为O型橡胶圈。
另外，上述刚性上背板40、刚性下背板50以及刚性限位结构件60是由刚性材料制成的。刚性材料的具体类型不做限制，例如是不锈钢、铜等。
如前所述，喷射组件20用于向发热器件11的表面喷射冷却液，实现对发热器件11的液冷冷却。这种对发热器件11的液冷冷却方式是“射流冲击冷却”。射流冲击(Jet Impingement)，是指液体或气体在压差作用下通过一个圆形或窄缝形喷嘴垂直(或成一定倾角)地射流到被冷却的表面，从而使直接受到冲击的区域产生很强的换热效果。
本申请对喷射组件20的具体结构不做限制，能够实现对发热器件11的射流冲击冷却的结构形式都属于本申请的保护范围。本申请以图2和图3所示的喷射组件20的结构为示例说明。
参考图2和图3，本申请的喷射组件20的本体呈圆柱状。喷射组件20包括：一个冷却液流入通道22和两个冷却液流出通道23，冷却液流入通道22具有进液口221，冷却液流出通道23具有出液口231。即，喷射组件20具有一个进液口221和两个出液口231。冷却液流入通道22设有进液口221的一端凸设于喷射组件20的本体上，并沿第一方向(图2和图3中Z方向所示)延伸。冷却液流出通道23设有出液口231的两端也分别凸设于喷射组件20的本体上，并分别沿垂直于第一方向的方向(例如是径向，图2中X方向所示)延伸。
另外，本申请的冷却液流入通道22设有面向发热器件11设置的喷射孔(图未示出)，冷却液流出通道23环绕冷却液流入通道22设置，且冷却液流出通道2的端部232与发热器件11的表面接触。冷却液流出通道23具有敞口233，冷却液流出通道23的敞口233与冷却液流出通道23的端部232位于喷射组件20的同一侧。冷却液流出通道23的端部232压缩密封件30，密封件30密封冷却液流出通道23的端部233和发热器件11的表面，冷却液流出通道23的敞口233被发热器件11的表面覆盖，从而冷却液流出通道23、密封件30以及发热器件11以形成密封的上述冷却液流出腔体21。上述的冷却液流入通道22的进液口221例如是接入CDU，CDU向进液口221提供冷却液，冷却液从进液口221流入冷却液流入通道22的内部通道腔体，后文为方便描述将冷却液流入通道22的内部通道腔体称之为射流腔体；冷却液进入射流腔体后形成高速射流，高速射流冲击发热器件11的发热表面，即射流腔体内的冷却液通过喷射孔向发热器件11的表面喷射冷却液，实现对发热器件11的发热表面的液冷冷却；对发热器件11散热后的冷却液流入冷却液流出通道23，再从冷却液流出通道23的出液口231流出，例如是流回CDU。
为了对图2和图3所示的喷射组件20进行第一方向的运动的限制，参考图2和图4，本申请的刚性限位结构件60包括：容纳部611和连接部62。其中，容纳部611用于容纳喷射组件20的本体。连接部62由容纳部611的外表面向外延伸，连接部62与刚性上背板40和刚性下背板50通过连接件70固定连接在基板10上，在连接部62、刚性上背板40和刚性下背板50固定连接后，基板10和容纳部611之间具有前述的高度限位空间。沿第一方向，喷射组件20的一端与发热器件11接触，另一端与容纳部611的顶壁接触。从而，高度限位空间限制喷射组件20沿远离发热器件11的方向运动，并使密封件30保持密封状态。
刚性限位结构件60的具体结构不做限制，能够容纳喷射组件20结构都属于本申请的保护范围。在一些可能的实施方式中，参考图2和图4，上述的刚性限位结构件 60还包括：套筒61。
其中，套筒61的内腔作为上述的容纳部611，套筒61的内腔与喷射组件20的形状相适配，套筒61的内腔容纳喷射组件20的本体。例如，前述的喷射组件20的本体呈圆柱状，相应地，套筒61的内腔也成圆柱状。另外，套筒61的第一方向的两端具有开口，套筒61的第一方向的背向基板10的一端的开口具有抵挡部6111。套筒61的外周面具有供喷射组件20的两个冷却液流出通道23伸出的通孔612(参考图4)。
从而，喷射组件20的本体容纳于套筒61的内腔后，喷射组件20的冷却液流入通道22从套筒61的第一方向的背向基板10的一端的开口伸出，并且与套筒61上的抵挡部6111沿第一方向相抵，喷射组件20的两个冷却液流出通道23从套筒61的外周面上的两个通孔612伸出。
而上述的连接部62是法兰，法兰是由套筒61的面向基板10的端部沿径向(图2中X方向所示)向外延伸形成，径向垂直于第一方向。法兰与刚性上背板40相接触连接，其形状与刚性上背板40相适配。例如，上述的刚性上背板40呈正方形状，相应地，法兰呈正方形状。
此外，如图2和图4所示，刚性限位结构件60还包括多个筋条63，每一个筋条63的两端分别连接法兰和套筒61。筋条63的设置可以提升刚性限位结构件60的强度。本申请对筋条63的数量不做限制，图2和图4中示出了四个筋条63，分布于刚性限位结构件60的四个角落处。在一些可能的实施方式中，可以根据实际的需要，设置其它数量的筋条63，例如5个、6个等。
下面再结合附图详细说明散热系统1中连接件70的具体结构。本申请对连接件70的具体结构不做限制，能够实现将刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50三个部件的固定连接的结构都属于本申请的保护范围。
首先介绍刚性上背板40和刚性限位结构件60之间的连接件70的结构。参考图2、图4至图7，连接件70包括：多根上背板螺杆41和多组螺母组71。其中，多根上背板螺杆41设于刚性上背板40背向基板10的一侧，连接部62上设有与上背板螺杆41一一对应的上背板螺杆通孔621，每一根上背板螺杆41用于穿过连接部62上的上背板螺杆通孔621。
多组螺母组71与多根上背板螺杆41一一对应，每一组的螺母组71包括两个垫片711和两个螺母712，每一组的螺母组71通过一个上背板螺杆41以夹持连接部62的第一方向的上下两侧，其中，沿第一方向，两个垫片711分别与连接部62的上下两侧相贴紧(如图6所示)。即，其中一个垫片711和螺母712位于连接部62的上侧，另外一个垫片711和螺母712位于连接部62的下侧。
在刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40相连接时，先在上背板螺杆41上依次套设一个螺母712和一个垫片711，然后将上背板螺杆41穿过连接部62上的上背板螺杆通孔621，刚性限位结构件60与刚性上背板40在第一方向上相接触并留有容纳垫片711和螺母712的间隔；然后再将另外一个垫片711和螺母712依次套设于上背板螺杆41伸出连接部62的部分；分别拧紧连接部62的上下两侧的螺母712，继而两个垫片711分别与连接部62的上下两侧相贴紧，完成刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40的固定连接。即刚性限位结构件60和刚性上背板40通过连 接件70完成连接。
从而，刚性限位结构件60和刚性上背板40通过双螺母实现了固定连接，连接稳定性好，不易松动。散热系统1在工作状态下，有效的限制喷射组件20的第一方向运动，防止密封件30和喷射组件20分离，密封件30得到很好的压缩以使冷却液流出腔体21得到良好的密封效果。
示例性的，上述螺母组71中的螺母712为六角螺母。在一些可能的实施方式中，螺母组71中的螺母712还可以是其它类型的螺母。
此外，本申请对螺母组71的数量以及安装位置不做限制。示例性的，本申请的连接件70包括八组螺母组71，八组螺母组71呈环形分布于散热系统1上。图7示出刚性上背板40上设有八根上背板螺杆41，刚性上背板40的四周的每一侧设有两根上背板螺杆41并位于两个筋条63之间，相应地，连接部62上设有八个上背板螺杆通孔621。在一些可能的实施方式中，螺母组71的数量可以是六组、十组等数量。螺母组71也可以设置在散热系统1的其它位置处。
下面再介绍刚性下背板50和刚性上背板40以及刚性限位结构件60三个部件之间的连接件70的结构。
参考图2、图4至图7，连接件70还包括：多组弹簧螺丝72，每一组弹簧螺丝72位于连接部62的上侧，将连接部62、刚性上背板40、基板10以及刚性下背板50依序固定连接。其中，刚性下背板50面向基板10的一侧设有多根下背板螺杆51，多根下背板螺杆51与多组弹簧螺丝72一一对应，连接部62、基板10以及刚性上背板40上设有与下背板螺杆51一一对应的下背板螺杆通孔622。每一根下背板螺杆51具有内螺纹，下背板螺杆51用于依次穿过基板10、刚性上背板40以及连接部62，以使弹簧螺丝72与相对应的一个下背板螺杆51的内螺纹实现螺纹连接。从而，刚性下背板50和刚性上背板40以及刚性限位结构件60三个部件通过连接件70完成连接。
相当于，刚性限位结构件60的连接部62、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50通过弹簧螺丝72固定连接在基板10上。使用弹簧螺丝72作为连接件70，可以控制连接部62、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50之间的安装力，防止发热器件11因受力过大而损坏。
在刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40通过前述的螺母组71实现固定连接之前，先通过弹簧螺丝72将刚性限位结构件60的连接部62、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50按照预设的安装力完成连接，然后再将刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40通过前述的螺母组71实现固定连接。上述的弹簧螺丝72提供的弹簧力只设计成等于密封件30压缩后的反弹力，这个弹簧力较小，例如30至50kg。而且刚性限位结构件60可以确保弹簧力均匀施压到密封件30上。这样的弹簧力对发热器件11的接触面的压强较小，例如是0.1Mpa至0.4Mpa，保证发热器件11不会损坏。
若刚性限位结构件60的连接部62、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50仅通过弹簧螺丝72固定连接在基板10上，不设置前述的螺母组71。那么，为了保证散热系统1在工作状态下，密封件30保持密封状态，则需要加大弹簧螺丝72的安装力，例如400kg至600kg，这会增加对发热器件11的接触面的压强，例如是2Mpa至4Mpa， 可能会损坏发热器件11。
从而，本申请的刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50通过弹簧螺丝72以及前述的螺母组71相互固定连接后，实现了整体高刚性设计，在降低发热器件12的接触面的压强的同时，限制了散热系统1的整体变形，特别是密封件30的变形，避免冷却液流出腔体21内的冷却液泄漏，也避免发热器件12损坏。
上述实施例中，刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50通过弹簧螺丝72以及下背板螺杆51实现了固定连接。在一些可能的实施方式中，可以不设置下背板螺杆51，连接部62、刚性上背板40、基板10和刚性下背板50上分别设有内螺纹孔，弹簧螺丝72依次与连接部62、刚性上背板40、基板10和刚性下背板50上的内螺纹孔实现螺纹连接。这样设置，同样也能实现刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50的固定连接。
本申请对弹簧螺丝72的数量和安装位置不做限制。图4示出四个弹簧螺丝72，分别位于连接部62的四个角落处(前述筋条63与连接部62的连接处)。相应地，刚性下背板50上的相应位置设有四根下背板螺杆51，连接部62、基板10以及刚性上背板40上的四个角落处也分别设有四个下背板螺杆通孔622。在一些可能的实施方式中，弹簧螺丝72的数量可以是六个、八个等数量。弹簧螺丝72也可以设置在散热系统1的其它位置处。
继续参考图4、图5和图7，在一些可能的实施方式中，连接件70还包括：多根附加下背板螺杆52和多个上螺母73。其中，多根附加下背板螺杆52设于刚性下背板50面向基板10的一侧，连接部62、基板10以及刚性上背板40上设有与附加下背板螺杆52一一对应的附加下背板螺杆通孔，附加下背板螺杆52用于依次穿过基板10、刚性上背板40以及连接部62。
多个上螺母73与附加下背板螺杆52一一对应，每一个上螺母73位于刚性限位结构件60的连接部62的上侧，在附加下背板螺杆52依次穿过基板10、刚性上背板40以及连接部62之后，上螺母73与附加下背板螺杆52伸出刚性限位结构件60的连接部62的部分螺纹连接，使得刚性下背板50、刚性上背板40和连接部62固定连接。相当于，刚性下背板50、刚性上背板40和刚性限位结构件60通过“单螺母”的形式实现固定连接，也能实现刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50相互固定连接。示例性的，上螺母73为六角螺母。在其它实施方式中，上螺母73可以是其它类型的螺母。
由于刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40通过前述的螺母组71实现了固定连接，以及刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40和刚性下背板50通过附加下背板螺杆52和上螺母73，以及弹簧螺丝72实现了相互固定连接。那么，在一些可能的实施方式中，在刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40通过前述的螺母组71实现固定连接之后，可以将弹簧螺丝72拆除。
因为，刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50通过弹簧螺丝72连接之后，在完成安装力的控制之后，刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50通过附加下背板螺杆52和上螺母73实现了固定连接，再加上刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40通过前述的螺母组71实现了固定连接。将弹簧螺 丝72拆除后，对刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50之间的连接稳定性影响较小，散热系统1在工作状态下，刚性限位结构件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50之间的稳固连接依然可以防止喷射组件20和发热器件11分离，使得密封件30保持密封状态，避免冷却液流出腔体21内的冷却液泄漏。
在一些可能的实施方式中，上述的刚性下背板50、刚性上背板40和刚性限位结构件60仅通过“单螺母”的形式实现固定连接。
此外，本申请对附加上背板螺杆41的数量以及安装位置不做限制。示例性的，图7示出本申请的连接件70包括四个附加上背板螺杆41，分别位于两个上背板螺杆41之间。相应地，上螺母73的数量也为四个。在一些可能的实施方式中，附加上背板螺杆41的数量可以是一个、两个、六个等数量。附加上背板螺杆41也可以设置在刚性上背板40的其它位置处。
上述实施例中，刚性限位结构件60和刚性上背板40通过双螺母实现了固定连接。但本申请不限于此，在一些可能的实施方式中，刚性下背板50、刚性上背板40和刚性限位结构件60通过“单螺母”的形式实现固定连接，刚性上背板40和刚性限位结构件60不通过前述的螺母组71实现固定连接。
具体参考图8至图10，本申请的连接件70包括：多根上背板螺杆41和多个固定弹片80。其中，多根上背板螺杆41设于刚性上背板40上，每两根上背板螺杆41位于刚性上背板40的四周的同一侧，连接部62上设有与上背板螺杆41一一对应的上背板螺杆通孔621，上背板螺杆41用于穿过连接部62上的上背板螺杆通孔621，每一根上背板螺杆41具有内螺纹。
上述每一个固定弹片80与同一侧的两根上背板螺杆41相对应，每一个固定弹片80位于前述的两个筋条63之间，每一个固定弹片80的两端分别设有锁固孔81，每一个锁固孔81供锁固螺丝90穿过，以使锁固螺丝90与相对应的一个上背板螺杆41的内螺纹实现螺纹连接。
在刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40相连接时，将上背板螺杆41穿过连接部62上的上背板螺杆通孔621，在固定弹片80的两端的锁固孔81内分别插入锁固螺丝90，固定弹片80的每一端的锁固螺丝90与相对应的一个上背板螺杆41的内螺纹实现螺纹连接，从而实现刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40的连接。由于固定弹片80同时与两个上背板螺杆41实现连接，这样可以防止刚性限位结构件60的连接部62和刚性上背板40的连接处出现松动。
本申请对固定弹片80的数量以及安装位置不做限制。示例性的，本申请的连接件70包括四个固定弹片80，分别位于两个筋条63之间。在一些可能的实施方式中，固定弹片80的数量可以是一个、两个、六个等数量。固定弹片80也可以设置在刚性上背板40的其它位置处。例如，在不设置筋条63时，固定弹片80可以与不同侧的两根上背板螺杆41相对应。
继续参考图8和图10，上述的每一个固定弹片80面向连接部62的表面设有螺母槽83。前述实施例中的多根附加下背板螺杆52与固定弹片80一一对应，在上螺母73与附加下背板螺杆52伸出连接部62的部分螺纹连接之后(“单螺母”连接方式)，每一个上螺母73周向限位于相对应的固定弹片80的螺母槽83内。这样固定弹片80 反面的螺母槽83可以扣在上螺母73上，以到达限位要求。采用固定弹片80来对上螺母73的转动进行限位，可以有效防止上螺母73松动，尤其是在运输过程中产生的松动。
示例性的，上螺母73为六角螺母，螺母槽83为六角螺母槽，六角螺母限位于六角螺母槽内。
上述实施例中，刚性结构限位件60、刚性上背板40以及刚性下背板50通过连接件70同时固定连接。在一些可能的实施方式中，刚性结构限位件60和刚性上背板40单独通过连接件70固定连接，刚性结构限位件60和刚性下背板50单独通过连接件70固定连接。在一些可能的实施方式中，可以不设置刚性结构限位件60，刚性下背板50、刚性上背板40以及喷射组件20实现固定连接。例如，喷射组件20的本体的外周面径向向外延伸形成延伸部，延伸部类似前述的连接部62的结构。喷射组件20的延伸部通过连接件与刚性上背板40和刚性下背板50实现固定连接，也能够限制喷射组件20的第一方向的运动。喷射组件20的延伸部与刚性上背板40和刚性下背板50之间的连接件的结构可以采用前述实施例所描述的连接件70的结构。即参照前述实施例中连接部62、刚性下背板50和刚性上背板40通过连接件70的连接的具体形式，例如是“螺母组”、“单螺母”和“弹簧螺丝”的连接形式。
本申请还提供一种电子设备，包括：上述任一实施例所述的散热系统1和发热器件11，散热系统1用于对电子设备中的发热器件11进行散热。上述的电子设备例如是刀片式服务器、机架式服务器等服务器。通过散热系统1的喷射组件20向服务器中的发热器件11进行射流冲击冷却。
本申请还提供一种一种液冷系统，包括：上述实施例的电子设备；冷却装置，冷却装置通过管路与喷射组件20连通，以向喷射组件20提供冷却液。示例性的，上述的冷却装置为CDU。CDU是具有温控的动力功能的业界部件，其内包含一个板式换热器(图未示出)，可实现一次侧和二次侧的换热。一次侧通常为冷水装置，冷水装置提供的冷工质在冷却泵的驱动下进行流动。二次侧为本申请实施例的电子设备。即，CDU实现冷水装置中的冷工质和电子设备中的冷却液的换热。示例性的，上述的冷水装置是环境中的换热设备，通常是冷却塔。本申请对冷水装置的类型不做限制，还可以是其它能够提供冷工质的装置。
综上，本申请的散热系统1中的喷射组件20被限制在第一方向的运动，使得密封喷射组件20和发热器件11的密封件30保持密封状态，从而散热系统1的密封性好，降低了冷却液泄露的可能性。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种散热系统，用于对基板上的发热器件进行散热，其特征在于，所述散热系统包括：
    喷射组件，所述喷射组件具有冷却液进液口和喷射孔，所述喷射孔朝向所述发热器件；
    所述发热器件设于所述基板面向所述喷射组件的一侧，所述喷射组件的端部与所述发热器件的表面接触；
    密封件，用于密封所述喷射组件的端部和所述发热器件的表面之间的部分；
    冷却液流出腔体，所述冷却液流出腔体至少由所述密封件、所述喷射组件以及所述发热器件形成，所述喷射孔与所述冷却液流出腔体连通；
    刚性上背板，环绕所述发热器件设置在所述基板的一侧；
    刚性下背板，与所述刚性上背板相对设置于所述基板的另一侧，并与所述刚性上背板共同夹持所述基板；
    刚性限位结构件，与所述刚性上背板和/或所述刚性下背板通过连接件固定连接在所述基板；
    沿垂直于所述基板的第一方向，所述基板和所述刚性限位结构件之间具有高度限位空间，所述喷射组件的至少一部分位于所述高度限位空间内；
    沿所述第一方向，所述喷射组件位于所述高度限位空间内的部分，一端和所述发热器件接触，另一端和所述刚性限位结构件接触。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述刚性限位结构件包括：
    容纳部，用于容纳所述喷射组件；
    连接部，由所述容纳部的外表面向外延伸，与所述刚性上背板和/或所述刚性下背板通过所述连接件固定连接在所述基板，所述基板和所述容纳部之间具有所述高度限位空间；
    沿所述第一方向，所述喷射组件的所述另一端和所述容纳部接触。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述刚性限位结构件还包括：
    套筒，所述套筒的内腔为所述容纳部，所述套筒的内腔与所述喷射组件的形状相适配；
    所述连接部为法兰，所述法兰由所述套筒的面向所述基板的端部沿径向向外延伸形成，所述径向垂直于所述第一方向。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的散热系统，其特征在于，还包括多个筋条，每一个所述筋条的两端分别连接所述法兰和所述套筒。
  5. 如权利要求2至4任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述连接件包括：
    多根上背板螺杆，设于所述刚性上背板背向所述基板的一侧，每一根所述上背板螺杆用于穿过所述连接部；
    多组螺母组，与所述上背板螺杆一一对应，每一组的所述螺母组包括两个垫片和两个螺母，每一组的所述螺母组通过一个所述上背板螺杆以夹持所述连接部的上下两侧，其中，沿所述第一方向，两个所述垫片分别与所述连接部的上下两侧相贴紧。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述螺母组中的所述螺母为六角 螺母。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述连接件还包括：多组弹簧螺丝，每一组所述弹簧螺丝位于所述连接部的上侧，将所述连接部、所述刚性上背板、所述基板以及所述刚性下背板依序固定连接。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述连接件还包括：多根下背板螺杆，设于所述刚性下背板面向所述基板的一侧，与所述弹簧螺丝一一对应，每一根所述下背板螺杆具有内螺纹，所述下背板螺杆用于依次穿过所述基板、所述刚性上背板以及所述连接部，以使所述弹簧螺丝与相对应的一个所述下背板螺杆的内螺纹实现螺纹连接。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述连接件包括八组所述螺母组，八组所述螺母组呈环形分布于所述散热系统上。
  10. 如权利要求2至4任一项所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述连接件包括：
    多根上背板螺杆，设于所述刚性上背板背向所述基板的一侧，每两根所述上背板螺杆位于所述刚性上背板的四周的同一侧，每一根所述上背板螺杆用于穿过所述连接部，每一根所述上背板螺杆具有内螺纹；
    多个固定弹片，每一个所述固定弹片与同一侧的两根所述上背板螺杆相对应，每一个所述固定弹片的两端分别设有锁固孔，每一个所述锁固孔供锁固螺丝穿过，以使所述锁固螺丝与相对应的一个所述上背板螺杆的内螺纹实现螺纹连接。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的散热系统，其特征在于，每一个所述固定弹片面向所述连接部的表面设有螺母槽；所述连接件还包括：
    多根附加下背板螺杆，设于所述刚性下背板面向所述基板的一侧，与所述固定弹片一一对应，每一根所述附加下背板螺杆用于依次穿过所述基板、所述刚性上背板以及所述连接部；
    多个上螺母，与所述附加下背板螺杆一一对应，每一个所述上螺母位于所述连接部的上侧，所述上螺母与所述附加下背板螺杆伸出所述连接部的部分螺纹连接，以使所述刚性下背板、所述刚性上背板和所述连接部固定连接，并且每一个所述上螺母周向限位于相对应的所述固定弹片的螺母槽内。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的散热系统，其特征在于，所述上螺母为六角螺母，所述螺母槽为六角螺母槽，所述六角螺母限位于所述六角螺母槽内。
  13. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：权利要求1至12任一项所述的散热系统和所述发热器件，所述散热系统用于对所述电子设备中的所述发热器件进行散热。
  14. 一种液冷系统，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求13所述的电子设备；
    冷却装置，所述冷却装置通过管路与所述喷射组件连通，以向所述喷射组件提供冷却液。
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