WO2023071906A1 - 机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人 - Google Patents
机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023071906A1 WO2023071906A1 PCT/CN2022/126409 CN2022126409W WO2023071906A1 WO 2023071906 A1 WO2023071906 A1 WO 2023071906A1 CN 2022126409 W CN2022126409 W CN 2022126409W WO 2023071906 A1 WO2023071906 A1 WO 2023071906A1
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- connecting rod
- rotating
- rotation
- rotating part
- gravity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B34/37—Leader-follower robots
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/71—Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0008—Balancing devices
- B25J19/0016—Balancing devices using springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J3/00—Manipulators of leader-follower type, i.e. both controlling unit and controlled unit perform corresponding spatial movements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/106—Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with articulated links
- B25J9/1065—Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with articulated links with parallelograms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B2034/301—Surgical robots for introducing or steering flexible instruments inserted into the body, e.g. catheters or endoscopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B2034/302—Surgical robots specifically adapted for manipulations within body cavities, e.g. within abdominal or thoracic cavities
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B2034/305—Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B2034/305—Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms
- A61B2034/306—Wrists with multiple vertebrae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/50—Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
- A61B2090/5025—Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms with a counter-balancing mechanism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/50—Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
- A61B2090/506—Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms using a parallelogram linkage, e.g. panthograph
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of robots, in particular to a mechanical arm and a main console.
- the laparoscopic surgical robot includes a main operating console and slave operating equipment controlled by the main operating console.
- the main console includes a master hand, which includes a robotic arm with multiple degrees of freedom.
- the doctor generates control commands by operating the robotic arm to control the slave operating equipment.
- part of the structure of the mechanical arm of the main hand may easily form a cantilever structure, and then there is a problem that the gravity of the cantilever structure affects the operating feel.
- the application provides a mechanical arm, including: a base link; a parallelogram mechanism, including a first link, a second link, a third link and a fourth link that are sequentially connected in rotation, so that The parallelogram mechanism is rotatably connected to the base link, the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism around the base link coincides with the first rotation axis between the first link and the second link,
- the parallelogram mechanism has a degree of freedom for the entire parallelogram mechanism to rotate relative to the base connecting rod, and a degree of freedom for mutual rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism; and a gravity compensation mechanism, It includes a rotating mechanism and an elastic mechanism, the rotating mechanism is coupled to at least one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, and the base connecting rod, the elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod
- the rod and said rotating mechanism generate a compensating moment that balances the gravitational moment of said parallelogram mechanism with at least one degree of freedom associated with said parallelogram mechanism.
- the rotating mechanism includes a first rotating mechanism, the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic mechanism, and the first rotating mechanism is coupled to one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod , and the base link, the first elastic mechanism couples the base link and the first rotation mechanism to generate a weight that balances the parallelogram mechanism in one degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism torque compensation torque; and/or the rotating mechanism includes a second rotating mechanism, the elastic mechanism includes a second elastic mechanism, and the second rotating mechanism is coupled to the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod The other one of them, and the base link, the second elastic mechanism couples the base link and the second rotation mechanism to generate balance in another degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism.
- the compensation moment of the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism. is a first rotating mechanism, and the first rotating mechanism is coupled to one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod , and the base link, the first elastic mechanism couples the base link and the second rotation mechanism to generate balance in another degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism.
- the parallelogram mechanism includes a first degree of freedom
- the first degree of freedom includes a degree of freedom for the parallelogram mechanism to rotate around the first rotation axis as a whole
- the first rotation mechanism is coupled to the The base connecting rod and the first connecting rod
- the first elastic mechanism generates a compensating moment to balance the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism in the first degree of freedom.
- the first rotating mechanism includes a first rotating part, a second rotating part, a third rotating part and a fourth rotating part, the first rotating part is fixedly connected to the base link, and the second rotating part
- the rotating part is arranged coaxially with the first rotating part, and the second rotating part is rotatable relative to the first rotating part.
- the third rotating part and the fourth rotating part are respectively connected to the first rotating part.
- the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic element and a first cable, the first end of the first elastic element is connected to the base link, and the first end of the first cable is fixedly connected to the first rotating part, so The second end of the first cable is wound around the second rotating part, guided by the third rotating part, and then wound around the fourth rotating part, and connected to the second end of the first elastic element or, the first end of the first elastic element is connected to the base link, the first end of the first cable is fixedly connected to the first rotating part, and the second end of the first cable is wound around The fourth rotating part is provided, guided by the third rotating part, and then wound around the second rotating part to connect the second end of the first elastic element.
- the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotating part and the rotating axis of the second rotating part, and the distance between the rotating axis of the fourth rotating part and the The distance between the first rotation axes includes at least one first parameter to be determined, the first parameter to be determined is determined based on a first condition and a second condition, the first condition includes the first connecting rod gravity, the gravity of the third connecting rod, the gravity of the fourth connecting rod, the distance from the center of gravity of the first connecting rod to the first rotation axis, the distance from the center of gravity of the third connecting rod to the first rotation axis The distance from the second axis of rotation between the second link and the third link, and the distance from the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link to the first axis of rotation It is determined that the second condition includes the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part and the rotation axis of the second rotation part, and the A parameter other than the first parameter
- the configuration of the first elastic element and the first rotating mechanism satisfies the following formula:
- k1 represents the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element
- a1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part to the first rotation axis
- b1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the third rotation part to the second rotation axis
- G1 represents the gravity of the first connecting rod
- G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
- G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
- L1 represents the center of gravity of the first connecting rod
- L3 represents the distance from the center of gravity of the third connecting rod to the second rotating axis between the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod
- L4 represents the fourth The distance from the fourth axis of rotation between the connecting rod and the first connecting rod to the first axis of rotation.
- the first elastic element includes a variable stiffness spring to realize the adjustable elastic coefficient, the distance from the rotation axis of the fourth rotating part to the first rotating axis, and/or the rotating axis of the third rotating part The distance to the axis of rotation of the second rotating part is adjustable.
- the gravity compensation mechanism includes a first guide part and a first installation part, the first guide part is arranged on the first connecting rod, and the first installation part is movably arranged on the first a guide part, the fourth rotating part is rotatably installed on the first installation part; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism includes a second guide part and a second installation part, and the second guide part is arranged on the first installation part
- the base connecting rod, the first rotating part is fixedly mounted on the second mounting part, and the second rotating part is rotatably mounted on the second mounting part.
- first guide part and/or the second guide part include slide grooves or slide rails; the first rotating part, the second rotating part, the third rotating part and the first rotating part
- the four rotating parts include pulleys.
- the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a first driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism is coupled to the first guide part or the first installation part, so as to drive the first installation part on the first installation part.
- a guide part moves to drive the fourth rotating part to move relative to the first connecting rod; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a second drive mechanism coupled to the second guide part or the second mounting part, so as to drive the second mounting part to move on the second guide part to drive the first rotating part and the second rotating part to move relative to the base link.
- the parallelogram mechanism includes a second degree of freedom
- the second degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom of rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism
- the second rotation mechanism is coupled to The base connecting rod and the second connecting rod
- the second elastic mechanism generates a compensating moment to balance the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism in the second degree of freedom.
- the second rotating mechanism includes a fifth rotating part, a seventh rotating part and an eighth rotating part, the fifth rotating part is fixedly connected to the base link, the seventh rotating part and the The eighth rotating part is respectively rotatably connected to the second connecting rod, the rotating axis of the seventh rotating part coincides with the first rotating axis, and the rotating axes of the fifth rotating part and the eighth rotating part are respectively The first rotation axis is parallel;
- the second elastic mechanism includes a second elastic element and a second cable, the first end of the second elastic element is connected to the base link, and the first end of the second cable One end is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part, the second end of the first cable is guided by the seventh rotating part, and after being wound around the eighth rotating part, it is connected to the second end of the second elastic element.
- the first end of the second elastic element is connected to the base connecting rod, the first end of the second cable is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part, and the second end of the first cable The end is wound around the eighth rotating part and guided by the seventh rotating part, and connected to the second end of the second elastic element.
- the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the seventh rotating part and the rotating axis of the fifth rotating part, and the distance between the rotating axis of the eighth rotating part and the The distance between the rotation axes of the seventh rotating part includes at least one second to-be-determined parameter
- the second to-be-determined parameter is determined based on a third condition and a fourth condition
- the third condition includes the second The gravity of the connecting rod, the gravity of the third connecting rod, the gravity of the fourth connecting rod, the distance from the center of gravity of the second connecting rod to the first axis of rotation, the distance between the second connecting rod and the The distance from the second axis of rotation between the third link to the first axis of rotation, and the center of gravity of the fourth link to the fourth rotation between the fourth link and the first link axis distance
- the fourth condition includes the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part and the rotation axis of the fifth rotation part, and the eighth rotation Parameter
- the configuration of the second elastic element and the second rotation mechanism satisfies the following formula:
- k2 represents the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element
- a2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part to the first rotation axis
- b2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part to the sixth rotation
- G2 represents the gravity of the second connecting rod
- G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
- G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
- L2' represents the gravity of the second connecting rod The distance from the center of gravity to the first axis of rotation
- L3' represents the distance from the second axis of rotation between the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod to the first axis of rotation
- L4' represents the distance between the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod The distance from the center of gravity of the rod to the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link.
- the second elastic element includes a variable stiffness spring to realize the adjustable elastic coefficient, the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotating part to the first rotating axis, and/or the distance of the seventh rotating part.
- the distance from the rotation axis to the rotation axis of the fifth rotating part is adjustable.
- the gravity compensation mechanism includes a third guide part and a third installation part, the third guide part is arranged on the second connecting rod, and the third installation part is movably arranged on the third connecting rod.
- a guide part, the eighth rotating part is rotatably mounted on the third installation part; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism includes a fourth guide part and a fourth installation part, and the fourth guide part is arranged on the third installation part
- the base connecting rod, the fifth rotating part is fixedly mounted on the fourth mounting part.
- the third guide part and/or the fourth guide part include sliding slots or slide rails; the fifth rotating part, the seventh rotating part, and the eighth rotating part include pulleys.
- the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a third driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism is coupled to the third guiding part or the third mounting part to drive the first mounting part A guide part moves to drive the eighth rotating part to move relative to the second connecting rod; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a fourth drive mechanism, and the fourth drive mechanism is coupled to the fourth guide part or the fourth installation part, so as to drive the fourth installation part to move on the fourth guide part and drive the fifth rotation part to move relative to the base link.
- the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a first motor coupled to the first connecting rod to actively compensate the degree of freedom of the parallelogram mechanism as a whole rotating around the first rotation axis. and/or the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a second motor coupled to the second connecting rod to actively compensate for the relative rotation between adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism Gravitational moments on degrees of freedom.
- the diameters of the first rotating part, the second rotating part, the third rotating part and the fourth rotating part are the same; and/or the fifth rotating part and the seventh rotating part The diameters of the part and the eighth rotating part are the same.
- the rotation angle range between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism is ⁇ (0°, 180°).
- the parallelogram mechanism includes a load connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism, and the gravity compensation mechanism is also used to generate a compensation moment that balances the gravity moment of the parallelogram mechanism including the load.
- the present application also provides a main console, the main console has an operation part for generating control commands including pose instructions, and the operation part includes mechanical arm.
- the present application also provides a surgical robot, the surgical robot includes a slave operating device and a master console as described in any one of the above embodiments, the slave operating device sends The corresponding control command executes the corresponding operation. .
- the present application also provides a method for installing a mechanical arm, including: providing a base connecting rod; providing a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod and a fourth connecting rod that are connected in turn A parallelogram mechanism, the parallelogram mechanism is rotatably connected to the base link, and the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism around the base link is between the first link and the second link.
- the rotating mechanism includes a first rotating mechanism
- the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic mechanism
- the installation method includes: coupling the first rotating mechanism to the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. one of the two connecting rods, and the base connecting rod, and the first elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod and the first rotating mechanism to provide a degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism A compensating moment is generated that balances the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism and its connected load.
- the rotating mechanism includes a second rotating mechanism
- the elastic mechanism includes a second elastic mechanism
- the installation method includes: coupling the second rotating mechanism to the first connecting rod and the first connecting rod.
- the other one of the two connecting rods and the base connecting rod, and the second elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod and the second rotating mechanism, so that the other one associated with the parallelogram mechanism
- the degrees of freedom create compensating moments that balance the gravitational moments of the parallelogram mechanism and its connected load.
- the mechanical arm, the main operating table, and the surgical robot of the present application have the following beneficial effects:
- At least one degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism generates a compensation moment that balances the gravity moment of the parallelogram mechanism, and then can achieve better gravity balance on the degree of freedom compensated by gravity without increasing the inertia of the mechanical arm , thus having an excellent operating experience.
- Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the mechanical arm of the present application
- Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
- Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
- Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at P in the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of analyzing the gravitational situation of the parallelogram mechanism in the mechanical arm as shown in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the principle of gravity compensation of the parallelogram mechanism by the gravity compensation mechanism of the present application.
- Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the force analysis principle of the structure shown in Fig. 10;
- Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
- Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
- Fig. 14 is a partial structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
- Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the main operating console of the present application.
- Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the operation part as in Fig. 15 .
- distal end and proximal end used in this article are orientation words, which are commonly used terms in the field of interventional medical devices, where “distal end” means the end away from the operator during the operation, and “proximal end” means the end of the operation. The end of the process that is closest to the operator.
- the term “plurality” includes two or more.
- the mechanical arm 1 of the present application includes a base link 2 , a parallelogram mechanism 3 and a gravity compensation mechanism 4 .
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 is coupled with the base link 2
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 is coupled between the base link 2 and the parallelogram mechanism 3, and the gravity compensation mechanism 4 generates the compensation of the gravity moment of the balance parallelogram mechanism 3 moment.
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 may further include a load 5 connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 .
- the load 5 includes any mechanism connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 , such as one or more additional connecting rods.
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 is rotatably connected to the base link 2 , and the rotational connection between the parallelogram mechanism 3 and the base link 2 can provide a degree of freedom for the mechanical arm 1 .
- Parallelogram mechanism 3 comprises the first connecting rod 31, the second connecting rod 32, the third connecting rod 33 and the fourth connecting rod 34 that are sequentially rotated, and the mutual movement between adjacent connecting rods in this parallelogram mechanism 3 can be Robotic arm 1 provides one degree of freedom. Furthermore, based on the two degrees of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 , the mechanical arm 1 has at least two degrees of freedom.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes a rotation mechanism and an elastic mechanism, the rotation mechanism is distributed on at least one of the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32, and the base connecting rod 2, and the elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod 2 and
- the rotating mechanism generates a compensating moment that balances the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism 3 with at least one degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 .
- first axis of rotation 35 between the first link 31 and the second link 32
- second axis of rotation 36 between the second link 32 and the third link 33
- third link there is a third axis of rotation 37 between the rod 33 and the fourth connecting rod 34
- fourth axis of rotation 38 between the fourth connecting rod 34 and the first connecting rod 31.
- Two adjacent connecting rods can surround the two connecting rods. The axis of rotation between them rotates.
- the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole around the base link 2 coincides with the first rotation axis 35 , that is, the parallelogram mechanism 3 can rotate around the first rotation axis 35 as a whole.
- the base link 2 can be fixed, for example, the base link 2 can be fixed to the base of some kind of equipment; another example, the base link 2 can be fixed to the wall, ceiling, etc.
- the base link 2 may also be movable.
- the base link 2 may be movable by being coupled to the distal ends of one or more proximal links.
- the base link 2 is allowed to be configured to translate in the direction of gravity; for another example, the base link 2 is allowed to be configured to translate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity; for another example, the base link 2 is allowed to be configured to be able to surround It rotates on an axis parallel to the direction of gravity.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes a first rotating mechanism 41 and a first elastic mechanism 42 .
- the first rotating mechanism 41 includes a plurality of rotating parts, and these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the first connecting rod 31 ; or, these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 32 .
- the first rotating mechanism 41 includes a rotating part of the first part and a rotating part of the second part. Exemplarily, the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the base connecting rod 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31; or, the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the connecting rod 2 of the base, and the rotating part of the second part The rotating part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32 .
- the first elastic mechanism 42 is coupled between the base link 2 and the first rotating mechanism 41, so as to generate a compensation moment for balancing the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism 3 in one degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3, so that the user can On this degree of freedom, the mechanical arm 1 is easily dragged.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes a second rotating mechanism 43 and a second elastic mechanism 44 .
- the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a plurality of rotating parts, and these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 32 ; or, these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the first connecting rod 31 .
- the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a rotating part of the first part and a rotating part of the second part.
- the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the base connecting rod 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32; or, the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the connecting rod 2 of the base, and the rotating part of the second part The rotating part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31 .
- the second elastic mechanism 44 is coupled between the base connecting rod 2 and the second rotating mechanism 43, so as to generate a compensation moment to balance the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism 3 in another degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3, so that the user The mechanical arm 1 can be easily dragged on this degree of freedom.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 may simultaneously include a first rotating mechanism 41 , a first elastic mechanism 42 , a second rotating mechanism 43 and a second elastic mechanism 44 .
- a first rotating mechanism 41 when the rotating part of the first part in the first rotating mechanism 41 is arranged on the base connecting rod 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31, usually, the rotating part of the first part in the second rotating mechanism 43 The rotating part of the second part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32 .
- the rotating part of the first part in the first rotating mechanism 41 is arranged on the base link 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32, usually, the first part of the second rotating mechanism 43 The rotating part is arranged on the base connecting rod 2 , and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31 .
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can provide compensation torques for the corresponding gravitational moments on the two degrees of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3, so that the user can easily adjust the mechanical arm 1 on the two degrees of freedom. Drag operation.
- the rotating parts in the first rotating mechanism 41 and/or the second rotating mechanism 43 include pulleys and/or rotating shafts, for example, each rotating part can be configured as a pulley.
- the degrees of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 include a first degree of freedom and a second degree of freedom.
- the first degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom that the parallelogram mechanism 3 rotates around the first rotation axis 35 as a whole
- the second degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom of rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3 (for example, degree of freedom of rotation between the second link 32 and the first link 31).
- the gravity compensating mechanism 4 comprises the above-mentioned first rotation mechanism 41, the first elastic mechanism 42, and the second rotation mechanism 43 and the second elastic mechanism 44, the corresponding gravity can be adjusted respectively in the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom. Torque provides compensating torque.
- the first rotating mechanism 41 includes a first rotating part 411 , a second rotating part 412 , a third rotating part 413 and a fourth rotating part 414 .
- the first rotating part 411 is fixedly connected to the base link 2
- the second rotating part 412 is coaxially arranged with the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 is rotatable relative to the first rotating part 411, the third rotating part 413 and the fourth rotating part 413
- the rotating parts 414 are respectively rotatably connected to the first connecting rod 31, the rotation axis of the third rotating part 413 coincides with the first rotating axis 35, and the rotation of the third rotating part 413 and the rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 around the first rotating axis 35 as a whole Independent of each other, the rotation axes of the second rotation part 412 and the fourth rotation part 414 are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis 35.
- the first elastic mechanism 42 includes a first elastic element 421 and a first cable 422.
- the first elastic element 421 and the first cable 422 can be set in this way.
- the first elastic element 421 The first end is connected to the base link 2, the first end of the first cable 422 is fixedly connected to the first rotating part 411, and the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the second rotating part 412 and passes through the third rotating part 413 After guiding and wrapping around the fourth rotating part 414 , the second end of the first elastic element 421 is connected.
- the first elastic element 421 and the first cable 422 can also be set in this way, specifically, the first end of the first elastic element 421 is connected to the base link 2, and the first end of the first cable 422 is fixed Connect the first rotating part 411, the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the fourth rotating part 414, guided by the third rotating part 413, and then wound around the second rotating part 412, connected to the first elastic element 421 second end.
- the first end of the first elastic element 421 is connected to the base link 2
- the first end of the first cable 422 is fixedly connected to the first rotating part 411
- the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the fourth rotating part 414.
- the guiding of the first cable 422 through the third rotating part 413 includes that the first cable 422 is arranged tangentially to the third rotating part 413 so as not to affect the commutation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 on the first degree of freedom.
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 is neutral, that is, when the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole does not rotate to the left or to the right relative to the base link 2 , the first cables 422 are respectively tangent to the third The left and right sides of the rotating part 413 .
- the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1 when the parallelogram mechanism 3 is neutral, that is, when the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole does not rotate to the left or to the right relative to the base link 2 , the first cables 422 are respectively tangent to the third The left and right sides of the rotating part 413 .
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 rotates to the left relative to the base link 2 as a whole, and the first cable 422 is tangent to the right side of the third rotating part 413 .
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 rotates to the right relative to the base link 2 as a whole, and the first cable 422 is tangent to the left side of the third rotating part 413 .
- the first elastic element 421 can provide a certain degree of compensation moment for the corresponding gravitational moment in the first degree of freedom.
- the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 421, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 and the rotation axis of the second rotation part 412 (that is, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 and the first rotation axis The distance between axes 35), and the distance between the rotation axis of the fourth rotating part 414 and the first rotation axis 35 include at least one first parameter to be determined
- the first parameter to be determined is based on the first condition and the second condition It is determined that the first condition includes the gravity of the first link 31, the gravity of the third link 33, the gravity of the fourth link 34, the distance from the center of gravity of the first link 31 to the first rotation axis 35, the third link
- the distance of the rotation axis 35 is determined, and the second condition
- the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a fifth rotating part 431 , a sixth rotating part 433 and an eighth rotating part 434 .
- the fifth rotating part 431 includes a fifth pulley
- the sixth rotating part includes a sixth pulley
- the seventh rotating part 433 includes a seventh pulley
- the eighth rotating part 434 includes an eighth pulley.
- the fifth rotating part 431 is fixedly connected to the base link 2, the sixth rotating part and the fifth rotating part 431 are coaxially arranged and the sixth rotating part is rotatable relative to the fifth rotating part 431, the seventh rotating part 433 and the eighth rotating part 434 are respectively rotatably connected to the second connecting rod 32, the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 coincides with the first rotation axis 35, and the rotation of the seventh rotation part 433 and the rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 around the first rotation axis 35 are independent of each other.
- the rotation axes of the sixth rotation part and the eighth rotation part 434 are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis 35, wherein the sixth rotation part, the seventh rotation part 433 and the eighth rotation part 434 can also be arranged on the base link 2 and the same side wall of the parallelogram mechanism 3, wherein, when the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes the first rotation mechanism 41 and the second rotation mechanism 43, the rotation parts in the first rotation mechanism 41 and the second rotation mechanism 43 can usually be configured Different side walls of the parallelogram mechanism 3 are used to prevent inaccurate compensating torques caused by mutual interference when laying elastic elements and cables.
- the second elastic mechanism 44 includes a second elastic element 441 and a second cable 442.
- the second elastic element 441 and the second cable 442 can be set in this way.
- the second elastic element 441 The first end is connected to the base link 2, the first end of the second cable 442 is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431, the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the sixth rotating part and guided by the seventh rotating part 433 , After winding the eighth rotating part 434 , connect the second end of the second elastic element 441 .
- the second elastic element 441 and the second cable 442 can also be set in this way, specifically, the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2, and the first end of the second cable 442 is fixed Connecting the fifth rotating part 431, the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434, guided by the seventh rotating part 433, and then wound around the sixth rotating part, connected to the second end of the second elastic element 441. Two ends.
- the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2, the first end of the second cable 442 is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431, and the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434.
- the guiding of the second cable 442 through the seventh rotating portion 433 includes that the second cable 442 is arranged tangentially to the seventh rotating portion 433 , and the second cable 442 is arranged around the seventh rotating portion 433 .
- the second link 32 remains neutral with respect to the first link 31, or rotates upward or downward, the second cable 442 are all tangent to the right side of the seventh rotating part 433 .
- the second elastic element 441 can provide a certain degree of compensation moment for the corresponding gravitational moment in the second degree of freedom.
- the sixth rotating part that is arranged coaxially with the fifth rotating part and is rotatable relative to the fifth rotating part mentioned in this application can be omitted, that is, the rotating part coupled with the base link 2 retains the sixth rotating part.
- Five rotating parts 431 are also possible.
- the second elastic element 441 and the second cable 442 can be arranged in this way. Specifically, the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2, and the second One end is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431 , the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434 and guided by the seventh rotating part 433 , and then connected to the second end of the second elastic element 441 .
- the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2
- the first end of the second cable 442 is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431
- the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434. , and after being guided by the seventh rotating part 433 , it is connected to the second end of the second elastic element 441 .
- the first cable 422 and the second cable 442 described herein include rigid cables including cables that are not stretchable along the axial direction of the rigid cables.
- the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 441, the distance between the rotation axis of the seventh rotating part 433 and the rotating axis of the fifth rotating part 431 (that is, the distance between the rotating axis of the seventh rotating part 433 and the first rotation axis 35), and the distance between the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part 434 and the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 includes at least one second parameter to be determined
- the second parameter to be determined is based on the third condition
- the third condition includes the gravity of the second connecting rod 32, the gravity of the third connecting rod 33, the gravity of the fourth connecting rod 34, the distance from the center of gravity of the second connecting rod 32 to the first rotation axis 35,
- the distance between the fourth rotation axis 38 is determined
- the fourth condition includes
- the "coincidence” described herein includes complete coincidence and substantial coincidence between axes, and basic coincidence includes allowing proper offset between axes.
- the "parallel” described herein includes completely parallel and substantially parallel between axes, and substantially parallel includes allowing proper offset between axes.
- ⁇ 2 includes the angle of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole around the base link 2, that is, ⁇ 2 is related to the first degree of freedom;
- ⁇ 3 includes the angle of rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3, That is, ⁇ 3 is related to the second degree of freedom, wherein, since the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom are relatively independent, in the figure, when the second degree of freedom is adjusted independently, the position of the first connecting rod 31 remains unchanged , and the positions of the second link 32 , the third link 33 and the fourth link 34 change accordingly.
- the entirety of the parallelogram mechanism 3 is taken as the analysis object, and the force situation of the vertex A0 is used to obtain the matrix balance equation, and the matrix balance equation is as follows formula (1):
- ⁇ M A0 G 1 *M 1 ⁇ 0 *sin ⁇ 2 +G 2 *M 2 ⁇ 0 *sin ⁇ 3 +G 3 *(DM 3 *sin ⁇ 2 +DA 0 *sin ⁇ 3 )+G 4 *(BA 0 *sin ⁇ 2 +BM 4 *sin ⁇ 3 )
- ⁇ M A0 (G 1 *M 1 ⁇ 0 +G 3 *DM 3 +G 4 *BA 0 )*sin ⁇ 2 +(G 2 *M 2 ⁇ 0 +G 3 *DA 0 +G 4 *BM 4 )* sin ⁇ 3
- ⁇ M A0 (G 1 *L1+G 3 *L3+G 4 *L4)*sin ⁇ 2 +(G 2 *L2'+G 3 *L3'+G 4 *L4')*sin ⁇ 3
- variable ⁇ 2 is related to the weight of the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the first degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom that the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole rotates relative to the base link 2)
- variable ⁇ 3 is the change in the gravitational moment associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the second degree of freedom (ie, the relative rotational degree of freedom between the inner links in the parallelogram mechanism 3 ). Therefore, the present application may try to compensate the above-mentioned first degree of freedom and/or the second degree of freedom by reasonably arranging one or more rotating parts, so as to realize a comparison of the mechanical arm 1 on the compensated degree of freedom. Easy operation.
- the three rotating parts are respectively set at point O, point O1 and point O2.
- the positions of point O and point O1 are fixed, and the rod between point O and point O2 can rotate variable ⁇ around point O. Then the position of O2 point is variable.
- the first end of the elastic mechanism is fixed, the first end of the cable is fixed at the rotating part at point O1, the second end of the cable is wound around the rotating part at point O2, and then passes through the rotating part at point O
- the guide is finally connected with the second end of the elastic mechanism, and the first end of the elastic mechanism is relatively fixed.
- O3 point is the center of gravity (position) of the bar (that is, between O point and O2 point), the distance between O point and O1 point is b, and the distance between O point and O2 point is a
- the distance between point O and point O3 be l
- the length of the cable between point O1 and point O2 is variable and is the same as the variation of the elastic mechanism
- the current length of the cable between point O1 and point O2 is is x
- the initial length is x 0
- the mass of the rod is m; at the same time, the distance from point O to the cable between points O1 and O2 can be q, and the distance from point O1 to the rod can be z .
- the bar between the so-called point O and the point O2 may represent any other mechanism, for example, the bar may represent the parallelogram mechanism 3 described in this application.
- the variable ⁇ can represent the variable angle corresponding to any degree of freedom, for example, the variable ⁇ can represent the first degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 2 ) corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3 described in the present application and/or The second degree of freedom (ie, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 3 ).
- k1 represents the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 421
- a1 represents the distance between the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part 414 and the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413
- b1 represents the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 and the second rotation axis.
- the distance of the rotation axis of the rotating part 412 After such a configuration, on the first degree of freedom, gravity balance can be achieved at any position (ie angle).
- a1 and b1 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
- a1 and b1 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
- a1 and b1 can be determined according to the above formula (9) combined with, for example, the least square method or the ergodic method.
- k1, a1 and b1 may be determined according to the above formula (9).
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 associated with the second degree of freedom that is, associated with the degree of freedom of the variable ⁇ 3
- it can be based on the simultaneous combination of formula (3) and formula (8)
- the obtained formula (10) configures the second rotating mechanism 43 and/or the second elastic mechanism 44:
- k2 represents the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member 441
- a2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part 434 to the first rotation axis 35
- b2 represents the rotation from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 to the fifth rotation part 431. axis distance.
- a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
- a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
- a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9) combined with, for example, the least square method or the ergodic method.
- k2, a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
- the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the present application is associated with both the first degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 2 ) and the second degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 3 )
- the first rotating mechanism 41, the first elastic mechanism 42, the second rotating mechanism 43 and/or the second Elastic mechanism 44 is configured:
- gravity balance can be realized at any position (ie, angle) on the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom simultaneously. It can effectively prevent the mechanical arm 1 that adopts the active method for gravity compensation from falling on the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom after power failure.
- the present application can also make the gravity compensation mechanism 4 generate a moment of gravity slightly smaller than that of the parallelogram mechanism 3 on the above-mentioned first degree of freedom, so as to ensure that the first connecting rod 31 is always in contact with the The direction of gravity is parallel.
- the first rotating mechanism 41 and/or the first elastic mechanism 42 can be configured according to the following formula (12):
- the present application can also make the gravity compensation mechanism 4 generate a moment of gravity slightly larger than the parallelogram mechanism 3 on the above-mentioned second degree of freedom, so as to ensure that the second connecting rod 32 retracts upward without the action of external force. Tight, the whole parallelogram mechanism forms a folded state.
- the second rotating mechanism 43 and/or the second elastic mechanism 44 can be configured according to the following formula (13):
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a first motor, the first motor is coupled to the first connecting rod 31, the first motor can be set in the first connecting rod 31, and the first motor can be controlled by the controller To drive the parallelogram mechanism 3 to rotate around the first axis of rotation 35 as a whole, at the same time, the first motor can also be used to be controlled by the controller to generate compensation for the degree of freedom of the parallelogram mechanism 3 to rotate around the first axis of rotation 35 as a whole Compensation moment for gravity moment.
- the first motor can be used alone to actively compensate the gravitational moment on the degree of freedom; the first motor can also be combined with the first elastic mechanism 42 and the first rotation Mechanisms 41 are used together for both active and passive compensation.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a second motor, the second motor is coupled to the second connecting rod 32, the second motor can be set in the second connecting rod 32, and the second motor can be controlled by the controller To drive the relative rotation between adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3, and at the same time, the second motor can also be used to be controlled by the controller to generate a degree of freedom that compensates for the relative rotation between adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3 The compensation moment for the gravitational moment on .
- the second motor can be used alone to actively compensate the gravity moment on this degree of freedom; the second motor can also be combined with the second elastic mechanism 44 and the second The rotation mechanism 43 is used together for active and passive compensation at the same time.
- the first elastic mechanism 42 and/or the first rotating mechanism 41 configured according to the above formula (10), for example, may be permanently configured and used.
- the first elastic mechanism 42 and/or the first rotating mechanism 41 configured according to the above-mentioned formula (10) may also be configured in a more flexible manner to facilitate adjustment, especially in relation to the first rotating
- the configuration of the mechanism 41 can be more flexibly configured to be suitable for different scenarios.
- the first rotation mechanism 41 can be configured so that the distance a1 between the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part 414 and the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 can be easily adjusted, and/or, it can be configured so that the second The distance b1 from the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 to the rotation axis of the second rotation part 412 is easily adjusted.
- the fourth rotating part 414 may be configured to be adjustable in position on the first connecting rod 31 to realize the adjustable distance a1.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a first guide part 461 and a first installation part, the first guide part 461 is arranged on the first connecting rod 31, and the first installation part is movably arranged on the second A guiding part 461 and the fourth rotating part 414 are rotatably mounted on the first mounting part, so the fourth rotating part 414 can adjust the distance a1 by moving the first mounting part on the first guiding part 461 . Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a first driving mechanism, and the first driving mechanism is coupled to the first guiding part 461 or the first mounting part to drive the second rotating part 414.
- a mounting part moves on the first guiding part 461 to drive the fourth rotating part 414 to move relative to the first connecting rod 31 .
- the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 arranged coaxially can be configured to be adjustable in position on the base link 2 to realize the adjustable distance b1.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a second guide part 463 and a second installation part, the second guide part 463 is arranged on the base link 2, and the second installation part is movably arranged on the second guide part 463, wherein, The first rotating part 411 is fixedly (that is, non-rotatably) mounted on the second mounting part, and the second rotating part 412 is rotatably mounted on the second mounting part, so the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 pass through the second mounting part.
- the synchronous movement of the two mounting parts on the first guide part 461 can adjust the distance b1. Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a second driving mechanism, and the second driving mechanism is coupled to the second guiding part 463 or the second The installation part drives the second installation part to move on the second guide part 463 to drive the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 to move relative to the base connecting rod 2 .
- the first guide part 461 and/or the second guide part 463 includes a slide rail and/or a slide groove, for example, a slide groove or a slide
- the rails may be arranged along the length direction of the corresponding first link 31 and/or the base link 2 .
- the influence of the first guide part 461 on the first connecting rod 31 can be considered, especially, when the weight and center of gravity of the first connecting rod 31 have a relatively large impact on the first guide part 461.
- the impact is large, because the first guide part 461 and the first connecting rod 31 are relatively fixed, only adjusting the fourth rotating part 414 whose weight is almost negligible relative to each connecting rod will not affect the desired passive effect. Gravity compensation is adversely affected.
- the elastic coefficient k1 of the first elastic mechanism 42 can be configured to be adjustable individually or in combination.
- the first elastic mechanism 42 may include springs with variable stiffness so that the elastic coefficient k1 can be easily adjusted.
- the first elastic mechanism 42 can generally be a conventional tension spring or compression spring, and is mainly adjusted by adjusting the distance a1 and/or the distance b1.
- the second elastic mechanism 44 and/or the second rotating mechanism 43 configured according to the above formula (11), for example, may be permanently configured and used.
- the second elastic mechanism 44 and/or the second rotating mechanism 43 configured according to the above-mentioned formula (11) may also be arranged in a relatively flexible manner to facilitate adjustment, especially in relation to the second rotating The configuration of the mechanism 43 can be more flexibly configured to be suitable for different scenarios.
- the second rotation mechanism 43 can be configured so that the distance a2 between the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part 434 and the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 can be easily adjusted, and/or, it can be configured so that the The distance b2 from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 to the rotation axis of the fifth rotation part 431 is easily adjusted.
- the eighth rotating part 434 can be configured to be adjustable in position on the second connecting rod 32 to realize the adjustable distance a2.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a third guide part 465 and a third installation part, the third guide part 465 is arranged on the second connecting rod 32, and the third installation part is movably arranged on the second connecting rod 32.
- the third guiding portion 465 and the eighth rotating portion 434 are rotatably mounted on the third mounting portion, so the eighth rotating portion 434 can adjust the distance a2 by moving the third mounting portion on the third guiding portion 465 . Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
- the movement of the eighth rotating part 434 can be automatically realized as an example, and the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a third driving mechanism, and the third driving mechanism is coupled to the third guiding part 465 or the third mounting part to drive the first The three mounting parts move on the third guiding part 465 to drive the eighth rotating part 434 to move relative to the second connecting rod 32 .
- the fifth rotating part 431 may be configured such that its position on the base link 2 can be adjusted to realize the adjustable distance b2.
- the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a fourth guide part 467 and a fourth installation part, the fourth guide part 467 is arranged on the base link 2, and the fourth installation part is movably arranged on the fourth guide part.
- the fifth rotating part 431 is fixedly (that is, non-rotatably) mounted on the fourth mounting part, and when the sixth rotating part coaxially arranged with the fifth rotating part as described above is included, the sixth rotating part
- the part is rotatably mounted on the fourth mounting part, so the fifth rotating part 431 (and the sixth rotating part) can adjust the distance b2 through the synchronous movement of the fourth mounting part on the fourth guiding part 467 .
- Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
- the movement of the fifth rotating part 431 can be realized automatically as an example, the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a fourth driving mechanism, and the fourth driving mechanism is coupled to the fourth guiding part 467 or the fourth mounting part to drive the first
- the four installation parts move on the fourth guide part 467 to drive the fifth rotating part 431 to move relative to the base connecting rod 2 .
- the sixth rotating part will also move along with the fourth mounting part.
- the third guide part 465 and/or the fourth guide part 467 includes a sliding rail and/or a sliding groove, for example, a sliding groove or a sliding groove
- the rails may be arranged along the length direction of the corresponding second link 32 and/or the base link 2 .
- the influence of the third guide portion 465 on the second connecting rod 32 can be considered, especially, when the third guiding portion 465 has an influence on the weight and center of gravity of the second connecting rod 32 , since the third guide part 465 and the second connecting rod 32 are relatively fixed, and when only adjusting the fourth rotating part 414 whose weight is almost negligible relative to each connecting rod, the desired passive gravity compensation will not be realized. produce adverse effects.
- the elastic coefficient k2 of the second elastic mechanism 44 can be configured to be adjustable individually or in combination.
- the second elastic mechanism 44 may include springs with variable stiffness so that the elastic coefficient k2 can be easily adjusted.
- the second elastic mechanism 44 can usually be a conventional tension spring or compression spring, and is mainly adjusted by adjusting the distance a2 and/or the distance b2.
- the above-mentioned corresponding configuration of the first driving mechanism and/or the second driving mechanism can be effectively applied when the load 5 connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 changes to a certain extent, so as to better compensate the gravity of the parallelogram mechanism 3 .
- each driving mechanism may be realized by, for example, including a linear motor, a ball screw pair, a rack and pinion, and the like.
- the stator of the linear motor is used as a guide part
- the mover of the linear motor is used as a mounting part
- the linear motor is also used as a Guide part, installation part and driving mechanism.
- the screw of the ball screw pair is used as the guide part
- the slider of the ball screw pair is used as the guide part.
- the installation part of course, the ball screw pair also includes a motor, the motor is coupled with the lead screw to drive the slider to move on the lead screw by driving the screw to rotate, and the ball screw pair serves as the guide part, the installation part and the driving mechanism at the same time.
- first drive mechanism, the second drive mechanism, the third drive mechanism and/or the fourth drive mechanism include a rack and pinion
- slide grooves can be provided on the corresponding connecting rods as guides, and A rack parallel to the chute or slide rail
- the gear is movably arranged on the chute and meshed with the rack
- the rotating part is rotatably arranged on the gear and the rotation of the rotating part is independent of the rotation of the gear
- the gear is driven by a motor
- the rotation enables the gear to move in the slide groove, and in this embodiment, the rack and pinion serves as both the mounting part and the driving mechanism.
- the chute as the guide part 463 is arranged on the second connecting rod 32, in the rack and pinion of the second driving mechanism, the rack 471 is opposite Parallel to the sliding slot 463 and disposed on the second connecting rod 32 , the gear 472 mounted with the fourth rotating portion 414 is movably disposed on the sliding slot 463 and engages with the rack 471 .
- each driving mechanism (the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism and/or the fourth driving mechanism) can be driven by one or more controllers to control the corresponding distances (a1, b1, a2 and/or b2) can be adjusted to correct the problems caused by assembly errors, or to correct the problems caused by changes in the load 5, for example, when the structure of the load 5 changes statically. , and for example, real-time correction can be performed when the state of the load 5 changes dynamically, so as to achieve a better gravity balance effect.
- the multiple rotating parts in the first rotating mechanism 41 have the same diameter, for example, the first rotating part 411 , the second rotating part 412 , the third rotating part 413 and the fourth rotating part 414 have the same diameter.
- the multiple rotating parts in the second rotating mechanism 43 have the same diameter, for example, the fifth rotating part 431 , the seventh rotating part 433 and the eighth rotating part 434 have the same diameter.
- the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a sixth rotating part, the diameter of the sixth rotating part should be the same as that of other rotating parts.
- the angle of rotation between the rods 32 cannot reach 0° or 180°, so as to avoid reaching the singular point (singular point includes the two singular points of 0° and 180°) and cause the inability to move in the second degree of freedom Implement gravity compensation.
- the application also provides a method for installing a mechanical arm, including:
- the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism around the connecting rod of the base can be set to coincide with the first axis of rotation between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.
- a rotation mechanism and an elastic mechanism are provided, the rotation mechanism is coupled to at least one of the first link and the second link, and the base link, and the elastic mechanism is coupled to the base link and the rotation mechanism.
- a compensation moment for balancing the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism can be generated in one degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism.
- the rotating mechanism includes a first rotating mechanism
- the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic mechanism.
- the step of distributing the rotating mechanism on at least one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod and the base connecting rod, and coupling the elastic mechanism to the base connecting rod and the rotating mechanism includes:
- the rotating mechanism includes a second rotating mechanism
- the elastic mechanism includes a second elastic mechanism.
- the step of distributing the rotating mechanism on at least one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod and the base connecting rod, and coupling the elastic mechanism to the base connecting rod and the rotating mechanism includes:
- the parallelogram mechanism includes a first degree of freedom including a degree of freedom of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism as a whole about the first axis of rotation.
- the step of coupling the first rotating mechanism to one of the first link and the second link, and the base link includes:
- the first rotating mechanism includes a first rotating part, a second rotating part, a third rotating part and a fourth rotating part
- the first elastic mechanism includes a first elastic element and a first cable.
- the first rotating part is fixedly connected to the connecting rod of the base, the second rotating part is arranged coaxially with the first rotating part and the second rotating part is rotatable relative to the first rotating part, and the third rotating part and the fourth rotating part are respectively rotated Step connected to the first link.
- the rotation axis of the third rotation part coincides with the first rotation axis
- the rotation axes of the second rotation part and the fourth rotation part are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis.
- the installation method also includes:
- the first elastic element and the first rotating mechanism are configured according to the following formula.
- k1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ b1 G1 ⁇ L1+G3 ⁇ L3+G4 ⁇ L4
- k1 represents the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element
- a1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part to the first rotation axis
- b1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the third rotation part to the rotation axis of the second rotation part
- G1 Indicates the gravity of the first connecting rod
- G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
- G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
- L1 represents the distance from the center of gravity of the first connecting rod to the first axis of rotation
- L3 represents the center of gravity of the third connecting rod
- L4 denotes the distance from the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link to the first axis of rotation.
- the parallelogram mechanism includes a second degree of freedom
- the second degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom of rotation between two adjacent links in the parallelogram mechanism
- the second rotation mechanism is coupled to the first link and the second link.
- the other one of the two connecting rods and the base connecting rod, and the steps of coupling the second elastic mechanism to the base connecting rod and the second rotating mechanism include:
- the second rotating mechanism includes a fifth rotating part, a seventh rotating part and an eighth rotating part
- the second elastic mechanism includes a second elastic element and a second cable.
- the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part coincides with the first rotation axis
- the rotation axes of the eighth rotation part are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis.
- the installation method also includes:
- the second elastic element and the second rotating mechanism are configured according to the following formula.
- k2 represents the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element
- a2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part to the first rotation axis
- b2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part to the rotation axis of the fifth rotation part
- G2 Indicates the gravity of the second connecting rod
- G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
- G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
- L2' represents the distance from the center of gravity of the second connecting rod to the first rotation axis
- L3' represents the second connecting rod and the distance from the second axis of rotation between the third link to the first axis of rotation
- L4' represents the distance from the center of gravity of the fourth link to the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link.
- the mechanical arm including the base link, the parallelogram mechanism and the gravity compensation mechanism described in this application is applicable to robots in various technical fields, and can be used at least as a part.
- the robotic arm of the present application can be used as at least a part of a robotic arm of a surgical robot in the medical field.
- the robot arm of the present application may be used as at least a part of a robot arm of an industrial robot in the industrial field.
- the present application also provides a surgical robot, which includes a master console 100 and slave manipulation devices controlled by the master console 100 .
- the master console 100 has an operation unit 110 , and the doctor sends a control command including a pose instruction to the slave operation device by operating (for example, dragging) the operation unit 110 , so as to make the operation device execute the control command.
- the operation unit 110 includes a robot arm.
- the mechanical arm 110 includes a base connecting rod 2', and the mechanical arm also includes a first connecting rod 31', a second connecting rod 32', a third connecting rod 33' and a fourth connecting rod 34' which are sequentially connected in rotation.
- the mechanical arm also includes a gravity compensation mechanism (not shown) coupled between the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3', because the basic component of the mechanical arm is the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3' are equivalent to the base link 2 and the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the mechanical arm 1 described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, so the setting of the gravity compensation mechanism in the mechanical arm 110 can refer to any of the above-mentioned In the embodiment, the setting of the gravity compensation mechanism 4 in the mechanical arm 1 is implemented, and details will not be repeated here.
- a gravity compensation mechanism (not shown) coupled between the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3'
- the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 ′ in the mechanical arm 110 may further include a load 130 , for example, the load 130 is provided at the distal end of the fourth link 34 ′, and the load 130 may be Called the wrist mechanism, the wrist mechanism 130 has multiple degrees of freedom for being operated in cooperation with the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3' to control the movement of the slave operating device including position and/or or gesture control commands.
- the wrist mechanism 130 may additionally have a degree of freedom for being operated to generate an opening and closing degree of freedom for controlling an end effector mounted on the slave operating device.
- the main console 100 may include a base 140, and the base link 2' is rotatably coupled to the base 140.
- the wrist mechanism 130 shown in FIG. 16 can be taken as a specific example for easy understanding.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 一种机械臂,其特征在于,包括:底座连杆;平行四边形机构,包括依次转动连接的第一连杆、第二连杆、第三连杆及第四连杆,所述平行四边形机构转动连接于所述底座连杆,所述平行四边形机构围绕所述底座连杆转动的轴线与所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之间的第一旋转轴线重合,所述平行四边形机构具有所述平行四边形机构整体相对于所述底座连杆转动的自由度、及所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间相互转动的自由度;及重力补偿机构,包括转动机构和弹性机构,所述转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的至少一个、及所述底座连杆,所述弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的至少一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
- 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述转动机构包括第一转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第一弹性机构,所述第一转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的一个、及所述底座连杆,所述第一弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第一转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩;及/或所述转动机构包括第二转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第二弹性机构,所述第二转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的另一个、及所述底座连杆,所述第二弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第二转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的另一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
- 根据权利要求2所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述平行四边形机构包括第一自由度,所述第一自由度包括所述平行四边形机构整体围绕所述第一旋转轴线转动的自由度,所述第一转动机构耦接于所述底座连杆和所述第一连杆,所述第一弹性机构在所述第一自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的 重力矩的补偿力矩。
- 根据权利要求3所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第一转动机构包括第一转动部、第二转动部、第三转动部及第四转动部,所述第一转动部固定连接于所述底座连杆,所述第二转动部与所述第一转动部同轴设置且所述第二转动部相对所述第一转动部可转动,所述第三转动部和所述第四转动部分别转动连接于所述第一连杆,所述第三转动部的旋转轴线重合所述第一旋转轴线,所述第二转动部和所述第四转动部的旋转轴线分别与所述第一旋转轴线平行;所述第一弹性机构包括第一弹性元件和第一线缆,所述第一弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第一线缆的第一端固定连接所述第一转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第二转动部、并经过所述第三转动部导向、再绕设所述第四转动部后,连接所述第一弹性元件的第二端;或,所述第一弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第一线缆的第一端固定连接所述第一转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第四转动部、并经过所述第三转动部导向、再绕设所述第二转动部后,连接所述第一弹性元件的第二端。
- 根据权利要求4所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第三转动部的旋转轴线与所述第二转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线之间的距离中包括至少一个第一待确定参数,所述第一待确定参数基于第一条件和第二条件而确定,所述第一条件包括所述第一连杆的重力、所述第三连杆的重力、所述第四连杆的重力、所述第一连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、所述第三连杆的重心到所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线的距离、及所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,所述第二条件包括所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第三转动部的旋转轴线与所述第二转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线之间的距离中除所述第一待确定参数以外的参数。
- 根据权利要求5所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第一弹性元件和所 述第一转动机构的配置满足如下公式:k1×a1×b1≤G1×L1+G3×L3+G4×L4k1表示所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数,a1表示所述第四转动部的旋转轴线与所述第三转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离,b1表示所述第三转动部的旋转轴线到所述第二转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G1表示所述第一连杆的重力,G3表示所述第三连杆的重力,G4表示所述第四连杆的重力,L1表示所述第一连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L3表示所述第三连杆的重心到所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线的距离,L4表示所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离。
- 根据权利要求4所述的机械臂,其特征在于,第一弹性元件包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数可调、所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离可调、及/或所述第三转动部的旋转轴线到所述第二转动部的旋转轴线的距离可调。
- 根据权利要求4所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构包括第一导向部和第一安装部,所述第一导向部设置于所述第一连杆,所述第一安装部可移动地设置于所述第一导向部,所述第四转动部可转动地装设于所述第一安装部;及/或所述重力补偿机构包括第二导向部和第二安装部,所述第二导向部设置于所述底座连杆,所述第一转动部固定装设于所述第二安装部,所述第二转动部可转动地装设于所述第二安装部。
- 根据权利要求8所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构还包括第一驱动机构,所述第一驱动机构耦接所述第一导向部或所述第一安装部,以驱动所述第一安装部在所述第一导向部移动而带动所述第四转动部相对于所述第一连杆移动;及/或所述重力补偿机构还包括第二驱动机构,所述第二驱动机构耦接所述第二导向部或所述第二安装部,以驱动所述第二安装部在所述第二导向部移动而带动所述第一转动部和所述第二转动部相对于所述底座连杆移动。
- 根据权利要求2所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述平行四边形机构包括第二自由度,所述第二自由度包括所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间转动的自由度,所述第二转动机构耦接于所述底座连杆和所述第二连杆,所述第二弹性机构在所述第二自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
- 根据权利要求10所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二转动机构包括第五转动部、第七转动部及第八转动部,所述第五转动部固定连接于所述底座连杆,所述第七转动部和所述第八转动部分别转动连接于所述第二连杆,所述第七转动部的旋转轴线重合所述第一旋转轴线,所述第五转动部和所述第八转动部的旋转轴线分别与所述第一旋转轴线平行;所述第二弹性机构包括第二弹性元件和第二线缆,所述第二弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第二线缆的第一端固定连接所述第五转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端经过所述第七转动部导向、再绕设所述第八转动部后,连接所述第二弹性元件的第二端;或,所述第二弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第二线缆的第一端固定连接所述第五转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第八转动部、并经过所述第七转动部导向后,连接所述第二弹性元件的第二端。
- 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第七转动部的旋转轴线与所述第五转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第八转动部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离中包括至少一个第二待确定参数,所述第二待确定参数基于第三条件和第四条件而确定,所述第三条件包括所述第二连杆的重力、所述第三连杆的重力、所述第四连杆的重力、所述第二连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、及所述第四连杆的重心到所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线的距离,所述第四条件包括所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第七转动部的旋转轴线与所述第五转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第八转动 部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离中除所述第二待确定参数以外的参数。
- 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二弹性元件和所述第二转动机构的配置满足如下公式:k2×a2×b2≥G2×L2’+G3×L3’+G4×L4’k2表示所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数,a2表示所述第八转动部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离,b2表示所述第七转动部的旋转轴线到所述第五转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G2表示所述第二连杆的重力,G3表示所述第三连杆的重力,G4表示所述第四连杆的重力,L2’表示所述第二连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L3’表示所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L4’表示所述第四连杆的重心到所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线的距离。
- 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二弹性元件包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数可调、所述第八转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离可调、及/或所述第七转动部的旋转轴线到所述第五转动部的旋转轴线的距离可调。
- 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构包括第三导向部和第三安装部,所述第三导向部设置于所述第二连杆,所述第三安装部可移动地设置于所述第三导向部,所述第八转动部可转动地装设于所述第三安装部;及/或所述重力补偿机构包括第四导向部和第四安装部,所述第四导向部设置于所述底座连杆,所述第五转动部固定装设于所述第四安装部。
- 根据权利要求15所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构还包括第三驱动机构,所述第三驱动机构耦接所述第三导向部或所述第三安装部,以驱动所述第一安装部在所述第一导向部移动而带动所述第八转动部相对于所述第二连杆移动;及/或所述重力补偿机构还包括第四驱动机构,所述第四驱动机构耦接所述述 第四导向部或所述第四安装部,以驱动所述第四安装部在所述第四导向部移动而带动所述第五转动部相对于所述底座连杆移动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构还包括第一电机,所述第一电机耦接所述第一连杆,以主动补偿所述平行四边形机构整体围绕所述第一旋转轴线转动的自由度上的重力矩;及/或所述重力补偿机构还包括第二电机,所述第二电机耦接所述第二连杆,以主动补偿所述平行四边形机构中相邻连杆之间相对转动的自由度上的重力矩。
- 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间转动的角度范围θ∈(0°,180°);所述平行四边形机构包括连接于所述平行四边形机构远端的负载,所述重力补偿机构还用于产生平衡包括所述负载的平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
- 一种主操作台,其特征在于,所述主操作台具有用以产生包括位姿指令的控制命令的操作部,所述操作部包括如权利要求1~18任一项所述的机械臂。
- 一种手术机器人,其特征在于,所述手术机器人包括从操作设备和如权利要求19所述的主操作台,所述从操作设备根据所述主操作台发送的控制命令执行相应操作。
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| CN117257451B (zh) * | 2023-11-22 | 2024-03-01 | 杭州唯精医疗机器人有限公司 | 负载补偿装置及手术机器人 |
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| US20240407872A1 (en) | 2024-12-12 |
| CN120918811A (zh) | 2025-11-11 |
| CN116058976B (zh) | 2025-09-23 |
| EP4424263A1 (en) | 2024-09-04 |
| EP4424263A4 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
| CN116058976A (zh) | 2023-05-05 |
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