WO2023071906A1 - 机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人 - Google Patents

机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023071906A1
WO2023071906A1 PCT/CN2022/126409 CN2022126409W WO2023071906A1 WO 2023071906 A1 WO2023071906 A1 WO 2023071906A1 CN 2022126409 W CN2022126409 W CN 2022126409W WO 2023071906 A1 WO2023071906 A1 WO 2023071906A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
rotating
rotation
rotating part
gravity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/126409
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘放
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Edge Medical Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Edge Medical Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Edge Medical Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Edge Medical Co Ltd
Priority to EP22885784.3A priority Critical patent/EP4424263A4/en
Priority to US18/702,495 priority patent/US20240407872A1/en
Publication of WO2023071906A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023071906A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B34/37Leader-follower robots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/71Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J19/00Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
    • B25J19/0008Balancing devices
    • B25J19/0016Balancing devices using springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J3/00Manipulators of leader-follower type, i.e. both controlling unit and controlled unit perform corresponding spatial movements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Program-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/10Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
    • B25J9/106Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with articulated links
    • B25J9/1065Program-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with articulated links with parallelograms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/301Surgical robots for introducing or steering flexible instruments inserted into the body, e.g. catheters or endoscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/302Surgical robots specifically adapted for manipulations within body cavities, e.g. within abdominal or thoracic cavities
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/305Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/305Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms
    • A61B2034/306Wrists with multiple vertebrae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/50Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
    • A61B2090/5025Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms with a counter-balancing mechanism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/50Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
    • A61B2090/506Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms using a parallelogram linkage, e.g. panthograph

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of robots, in particular to a mechanical arm and a main console.
  • the laparoscopic surgical robot includes a main operating console and slave operating equipment controlled by the main operating console.
  • the main console includes a master hand, which includes a robotic arm with multiple degrees of freedom.
  • the doctor generates control commands by operating the robotic arm to control the slave operating equipment.
  • part of the structure of the mechanical arm of the main hand may easily form a cantilever structure, and then there is a problem that the gravity of the cantilever structure affects the operating feel.
  • the application provides a mechanical arm, including: a base link; a parallelogram mechanism, including a first link, a second link, a third link and a fourth link that are sequentially connected in rotation, so that The parallelogram mechanism is rotatably connected to the base link, the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism around the base link coincides with the first rotation axis between the first link and the second link,
  • the parallelogram mechanism has a degree of freedom for the entire parallelogram mechanism to rotate relative to the base connecting rod, and a degree of freedom for mutual rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism; and a gravity compensation mechanism, It includes a rotating mechanism and an elastic mechanism, the rotating mechanism is coupled to at least one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, and the base connecting rod, the elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod
  • the rod and said rotating mechanism generate a compensating moment that balances the gravitational moment of said parallelogram mechanism with at least one degree of freedom associated with said parallelogram mechanism.
  • the rotating mechanism includes a first rotating mechanism, the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic mechanism, and the first rotating mechanism is coupled to one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod , and the base link, the first elastic mechanism couples the base link and the first rotation mechanism to generate a weight that balances the parallelogram mechanism in one degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism torque compensation torque; and/or the rotating mechanism includes a second rotating mechanism, the elastic mechanism includes a second elastic mechanism, and the second rotating mechanism is coupled to the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod The other one of them, and the base link, the second elastic mechanism couples the base link and the second rotation mechanism to generate balance in another degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism.
  • the compensation moment of the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism. is a first rotating mechanism, and the first rotating mechanism is coupled to one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod , and the base link, the first elastic mechanism couples the base link and the second rotation mechanism to generate balance in another degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism.
  • the parallelogram mechanism includes a first degree of freedom
  • the first degree of freedom includes a degree of freedom for the parallelogram mechanism to rotate around the first rotation axis as a whole
  • the first rotation mechanism is coupled to the The base connecting rod and the first connecting rod
  • the first elastic mechanism generates a compensating moment to balance the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism in the first degree of freedom.
  • the first rotating mechanism includes a first rotating part, a second rotating part, a third rotating part and a fourth rotating part, the first rotating part is fixedly connected to the base link, and the second rotating part
  • the rotating part is arranged coaxially with the first rotating part, and the second rotating part is rotatable relative to the first rotating part.
  • the third rotating part and the fourth rotating part are respectively connected to the first rotating part.
  • the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic element and a first cable, the first end of the first elastic element is connected to the base link, and the first end of the first cable is fixedly connected to the first rotating part, so The second end of the first cable is wound around the second rotating part, guided by the third rotating part, and then wound around the fourth rotating part, and connected to the second end of the first elastic element or, the first end of the first elastic element is connected to the base link, the first end of the first cable is fixedly connected to the first rotating part, and the second end of the first cable is wound around The fourth rotating part is provided, guided by the third rotating part, and then wound around the second rotating part to connect the second end of the first elastic element.
  • the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotating part and the rotating axis of the second rotating part, and the distance between the rotating axis of the fourth rotating part and the The distance between the first rotation axes includes at least one first parameter to be determined, the first parameter to be determined is determined based on a first condition and a second condition, the first condition includes the first connecting rod gravity, the gravity of the third connecting rod, the gravity of the fourth connecting rod, the distance from the center of gravity of the first connecting rod to the first rotation axis, the distance from the center of gravity of the third connecting rod to the first rotation axis The distance from the second axis of rotation between the second link and the third link, and the distance from the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link to the first axis of rotation It is determined that the second condition includes the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part and the rotation axis of the second rotation part, and the A parameter other than the first parameter
  • the configuration of the first elastic element and the first rotating mechanism satisfies the following formula:
  • k1 represents the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element
  • a1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part to the first rotation axis
  • b1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the third rotation part to the second rotation axis
  • G1 represents the gravity of the first connecting rod
  • G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
  • G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
  • L1 represents the center of gravity of the first connecting rod
  • L3 represents the distance from the center of gravity of the third connecting rod to the second rotating axis between the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod
  • L4 represents the fourth The distance from the fourth axis of rotation between the connecting rod and the first connecting rod to the first axis of rotation.
  • the first elastic element includes a variable stiffness spring to realize the adjustable elastic coefficient, the distance from the rotation axis of the fourth rotating part to the first rotating axis, and/or the rotating axis of the third rotating part The distance to the axis of rotation of the second rotating part is adjustable.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism includes a first guide part and a first installation part, the first guide part is arranged on the first connecting rod, and the first installation part is movably arranged on the first a guide part, the fourth rotating part is rotatably installed on the first installation part; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism includes a second guide part and a second installation part, and the second guide part is arranged on the first installation part
  • the base connecting rod, the first rotating part is fixedly mounted on the second mounting part, and the second rotating part is rotatably mounted on the second mounting part.
  • first guide part and/or the second guide part include slide grooves or slide rails; the first rotating part, the second rotating part, the third rotating part and the first rotating part
  • the four rotating parts include pulleys.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a first driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism is coupled to the first guide part or the first installation part, so as to drive the first installation part on the first installation part.
  • a guide part moves to drive the fourth rotating part to move relative to the first connecting rod; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a second drive mechanism coupled to the second guide part or the second mounting part, so as to drive the second mounting part to move on the second guide part to drive the first rotating part and the second rotating part to move relative to the base link.
  • the parallelogram mechanism includes a second degree of freedom
  • the second degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom of rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism
  • the second rotation mechanism is coupled to The base connecting rod and the second connecting rod
  • the second elastic mechanism generates a compensating moment to balance the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism in the second degree of freedom.
  • the second rotating mechanism includes a fifth rotating part, a seventh rotating part and an eighth rotating part, the fifth rotating part is fixedly connected to the base link, the seventh rotating part and the The eighth rotating part is respectively rotatably connected to the second connecting rod, the rotating axis of the seventh rotating part coincides with the first rotating axis, and the rotating axes of the fifth rotating part and the eighth rotating part are respectively The first rotation axis is parallel;
  • the second elastic mechanism includes a second elastic element and a second cable, the first end of the second elastic element is connected to the base link, and the first end of the second cable One end is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part, the second end of the first cable is guided by the seventh rotating part, and after being wound around the eighth rotating part, it is connected to the second end of the second elastic element.
  • the first end of the second elastic element is connected to the base connecting rod, the first end of the second cable is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part, and the second end of the first cable The end is wound around the eighth rotating part and guided by the seventh rotating part, and connected to the second end of the second elastic element.
  • the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the seventh rotating part and the rotating axis of the fifth rotating part, and the distance between the rotating axis of the eighth rotating part and the The distance between the rotation axes of the seventh rotating part includes at least one second to-be-determined parameter
  • the second to-be-determined parameter is determined based on a third condition and a fourth condition
  • the third condition includes the second The gravity of the connecting rod, the gravity of the third connecting rod, the gravity of the fourth connecting rod, the distance from the center of gravity of the second connecting rod to the first axis of rotation, the distance between the second connecting rod and the The distance from the second axis of rotation between the third link to the first axis of rotation, and the center of gravity of the fourth link to the fourth rotation between the fourth link and the first link axis distance
  • the fourth condition includes the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element, the distance between the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part and the rotation axis of the fifth rotation part, and the eighth rotation Parameter
  • the configuration of the second elastic element and the second rotation mechanism satisfies the following formula:
  • k2 represents the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element
  • a2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part to the first rotation axis
  • b2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part to the sixth rotation
  • G2 represents the gravity of the second connecting rod
  • G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
  • G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
  • L2' represents the gravity of the second connecting rod The distance from the center of gravity to the first axis of rotation
  • L3' represents the distance from the second axis of rotation between the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod to the first axis of rotation
  • L4' represents the distance between the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod The distance from the center of gravity of the rod to the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link.
  • the second elastic element includes a variable stiffness spring to realize the adjustable elastic coefficient, the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotating part to the first rotating axis, and/or the distance of the seventh rotating part.
  • the distance from the rotation axis to the rotation axis of the fifth rotating part is adjustable.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism includes a third guide part and a third installation part, the third guide part is arranged on the second connecting rod, and the third installation part is movably arranged on the third connecting rod.
  • a guide part, the eighth rotating part is rotatably mounted on the third installation part; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism includes a fourth guide part and a fourth installation part, and the fourth guide part is arranged on the third installation part
  • the base connecting rod, the fifth rotating part is fixedly mounted on the fourth mounting part.
  • the third guide part and/or the fourth guide part include sliding slots or slide rails; the fifth rotating part, the seventh rotating part, and the eighth rotating part include pulleys.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a third driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism is coupled to the third guiding part or the third mounting part to drive the first mounting part A guide part moves to drive the eighth rotating part to move relative to the second connecting rod; and/or the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a fourth drive mechanism, and the fourth drive mechanism is coupled to the fourth guide part or the fourth installation part, so as to drive the fourth installation part to move on the fourth guide part and drive the fifth rotation part to move relative to the base link.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a first motor coupled to the first connecting rod to actively compensate the degree of freedom of the parallelogram mechanism as a whole rotating around the first rotation axis. and/or the gravity compensation mechanism further includes a second motor coupled to the second connecting rod to actively compensate for the relative rotation between adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism Gravitational moments on degrees of freedom.
  • the diameters of the first rotating part, the second rotating part, the third rotating part and the fourth rotating part are the same; and/or the fifth rotating part and the seventh rotating part The diameters of the part and the eighth rotating part are the same.
  • the rotation angle range between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism is ⁇ (0°, 180°).
  • the parallelogram mechanism includes a load connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism, and the gravity compensation mechanism is also used to generate a compensation moment that balances the gravity moment of the parallelogram mechanism including the load.
  • the present application also provides a main console, the main console has an operation part for generating control commands including pose instructions, and the operation part includes mechanical arm.
  • the present application also provides a surgical robot, the surgical robot includes a slave operating device and a master console as described in any one of the above embodiments, the slave operating device sends The corresponding control command executes the corresponding operation. .
  • the present application also provides a method for installing a mechanical arm, including: providing a base connecting rod; providing a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod and a fourth connecting rod that are connected in turn A parallelogram mechanism, the parallelogram mechanism is rotatably connected to the base link, and the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism around the base link is between the first link and the second link.
  • the rotating mechanism includes a first rotating mechanism
  • the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic mechanism
  • the installation method includes: coupling the first rotating mechanism to the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. one of the two connecting rods, and the base connecting rod, and the first elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod and the first rotating mechanism to provide a degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism A compensating moment is generated that balances the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism and its connected load.
  • the rotating mechanism includes a second rotating mechanism
  • the elastic mechanism includes a second elastic mechanism
  • the installation method includes: coupling the second rotating mechanism to the first connecting rod and the first connecting rod.
  • the other one of the two connecting rods and the base connecting rod, and the second elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod and the second rotating mechanism, so that the other one associated with the parallelogram mechanism
  • the degrees of freedom create compensating moments that balance the gravitational moments of the parallelogram mechanism and its connected load.
  • the mechanical arm, the main operating table, and the surgical robot of the present application have the following beneficial effects:
  • At least one degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism generates a compensation moment that balances the gravity moment of the parallelogram mechanism, and then can achieve better gravity balance on the degree of freedom compensated by gravity without increasing the inertia of the mechanical arm , thus having an excellent operating experience.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the mechanical arm of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at P in the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another motion state of the mechanical arm shown in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of analyzing the gravitational situation of the parallelogram mechanism in the mechanical arm as shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the principle of gravity compensation of the parallelogram mechanism by the gravity compensation mechanism of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the force analysis principle of the structure shown in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a partial structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the robot arm of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the main operating console of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the operation part as in Fig. 15 .
  • distal end and proximal end used in this article are orientation words, which are commonly used terms in the field of interventional medical devices, where “distal end” means the end away from the operator during the operation, and “proximal end” means the end of the operation. The end of the process that is closest to the operator.
  • the term “plurality” includes two or more.
  • the mechanical arm 1 of the present application includes a base link 2 , a parallelogram mechanism 3 and a gravity compensation mechanism 4 .
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 is coupled with the base link 2
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 is coupled between the base link 2 and the parallelogram mechanism 3, and the gravity compensation mechanism 4 generates the compensation of the gravity moment of the balance parallelogram mechanism 3 moment.
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 may further include a load 5 connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 .
  • the load 5 includes any mechanism connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 , such as one or more additional connecting rods.
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 is rotatably connected to the base link 2 , and the rotational connection between the parallelogram mechanism 3 and the base link 2 can provide a degree of freedom for the mechanical arm 1 .
  • Parallelogram mechanism 3 comprises the first connecting rod 31, the second connecting rod 32, the third connecting rod 33 and the fourth connecting rod 34 that are sequentially rotated, and the mutual movement between adjacent connecting rods in this parallelogram mechanism 3 can be Robotic arm 1 provides one degree of freedom. Furthermore, based on the two degrees of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 , the mechanical arm 1 has at least two degrees of freedom.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes a rotation mechanism and an elastic mechanism, the rotation mechanism is distributed on at least one of the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32, and the base connecting rod 2, and the elastic mechanism is coupled to the base connecting rod 2 and
  • the rotating mechanism generates a compensating moment that balances the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism 3 with at least one degree of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 .
  • first axis of rotation 35 between the first link 31 and the second link 32
  • second axis of rotation 36 between the second link 32 and the third link 33
  • third link there is a third axis of rotation 37 between the rod 33 and the fourth connecting rod 34
  • fourth axis of rotation 38 between the fourth connecting rod 34 and the first connecting rod 31.
  • Two adjacent connecting rods can surround the two connecting rods. The axis of rotation between them rotates.
  • the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole around the base link 2 coincides with the first rotation axis 35 , that is, the parallelogram mechanism 3 can rotate around the first rotation axis 35 as a whole.
  • the base link 2 can be fixed, for example, the base link 2 can be fixed to the base of some kind of equipment; another example, the base link 2 can be fixed to the wall, ceiling, etc.
  • the base link 2 may also be movable.
  • the base link 2 may be movable by being coupled to the distal ends of one or more proximal links.
  • the base link 2 is allowed to be configured to translate in the direction of gravity; for another example, the base link 2 is allowed to be configured to translate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity; for another example, the base link 2 is allowed to be configured to be able to surround It rotates on an axis parallel to the direction of gravity.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes a first rotating mechanism 41 and a first elastic mechanism 42 .
  • the first rotating mechanism 41 includes a plurality of rotating parts, and these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the first connecting rod 31 ; or, these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 32 .
  • the first rotating mechanism 41 includes a rotating part of the first part and a rotating part of the second part. Exemplarily, the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the base connecting rod 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31; or, the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the connecting rod 2 of the base, and the rotating part of the second part The rotating part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32 .
  • the first elastic mechanism 42 is coupled between the base link 2 and the first rotating mechanism 41, so as to generate a compensation moment for balancing the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism 3 in one degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3, so that the user can On this degree of freedom, the mechanical arm 1 is easily dragged.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes a second rotating mechanism 43 and a second elastic mechanism 44 .
  • the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a plurality of rotating parts, and these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the second connecting rod 32 ; or, these rotating parts are distributed on the base connecting rod 2 and the first connecting rod 31 .
  • the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a rotating part of the first part and a rotating part of the second part.
  • the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the base connecting rod 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32; or, the rotating part of the first part is arranged on the connecting rod 2 of the base, and the rotating part of the second part The rotating part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31 .
  • the second elastic mechanism 44 is coupled between the base connecting rod 2 and the second rotating mechanism 43, so as to generate a compensation moment to balance the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism 3 in another degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3, so that the user The mechanical arm 1 can be easily dragged on this degree of freedom.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 may simultaneously include a first rotating mechanism 41 , a first elastic mechanism 42 , a second rotating mechanism 43 and a second elastic mechanism 44 .
  • a first rotating mechanism 41 when the rotating part of the first part in the first rotating mechanism 41 is arranged on the base connecting rod 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31, usually, the rotating part of the first part in the second rotating mechanism 43 The rotating part of the second part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32 .
  • the rotating part of the first part in the first rotating mechanism 41 is arranged on the base link 2, and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the second connecting rod 32, usually, the first part of the second rotating mechanism 43 The rotating part is arranged on the base connecting rod 2 , and the rotating part of the second part is arranged on the first connecting rod 31 .
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can provide compensation torques for the corresponding gravitational moments on the two degrees of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3, so that the user can easily adjust the mechanical arm 1 on the two degrees of freedom. Drag operation.
  • the rotating parts in the first rotating mechanism 41 and/or the second rotating mechanism 43 include pulleys and/or rotating shafts, for example, each rotating part can be configured as a pulley.
  • the degrees of freedom associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 include a first degree of freedom and a second degree of freedom.
  • the first degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom that the parallelogram mechanism 3 rotates around the first rotation axis 35 as a whole
  • the second degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom of rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3 (for example, degree of freedom of rotation between the second link 32 and the first link 31).
  • the gravity compensating mechanism 4 comprises the above-mentioned first rotation mechanism 41, the first elastic mechanism 42, and the second rotation mechanism 43 and the second elastic mechanism 44, the corresponding gravity can be adjusted respectively in the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom. Torque provides compensating torque.
  • the first rotating mechanism 41 includes a first rotating part 411 , a second rotating part 412 , a third rotating part 413 and a fourth rotating part 414 .
  • the first rotating part 411 is fixedly connected to the base link 2
  • the second rotating part 412 is coaxially arranged with the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 is rotatable relative to the first rotating part 411, the third rotating part 413 and the fourth rotating part 413
  • the rotating parts 414 are respectively rotatably connected to the first connecting rod 31, the rotation axis of the third rotating part 413 coincides with the first rotating axis 35, and the rotation of the third rotating part 413 and the rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 around the first rotating axis 35 as a whole Independent of each other, the rotation axes of the second rotation part 412 and the fourth rotation part 414 are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis 35.
  • the first elastic mechanism 42 includes a first elastic element 421 and a first cable 422.
  • the first elastic element 421 and the first cable 422 can be set in this way.
  • the first elastic element 421 The first end is connected to the base link 2, the first end of the first cable 422 is fixedly connected to the first rotating part 411, and the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the second rotating part 412 and passes through the third rotating part 413 After guiding and wrapping around the fourth rotating part 414 , the second end of the first elastic element 421 is connected.
  • the first elastic element 421 and the first cable 422 can also be set in this way, specifically, the first end of the first elastic element 421 is connected to the base link 2, and the first end of the first cable 422 is fixed Connect the first rotating part 411, the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the fourth rotating part 414, guided by the third rotating part 413, and then wound around the second rotating part 412, connected to the first elastic element 421 second end.
  • the first end of the first elastic element 421 is connected to the base link 2
  • the first end of the first cable 422 is fixedly connected to the first rotating part 411
  • the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the fourth rotating part 414.
  • the guiding of the first cable 422 through the third rotating part 413 includes that the first cable 422 is arranged tangentially to the third rotating part 413 so as not to affect the commutation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 on the first degree of freedom.
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 is neutral, that is, when the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole does not rotate to the left or to the right relative to the base link 2 , the first cables 422 are respectively tangent to the third The left and right sides of the rotating part 413 .
  • the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1 when the parallelogram mechanism 3 is neutral, that is, when the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole does not rotate to the left or to the right relative to the base link 2 , the first cables 422 are respectively tangent to the third The left and right sides of the rotating part 413 .
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 rotates to the left relative to the base link 2 as a whole, and the first cable 422 is tangent to the right side of the third rotating part 413 .
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 rotates to the right relative to the base link 2 as a whole, and the first cable 422 is tangent to the left side of the third rotating part 413 .
  • the first elastic element 421 can provide a certain degree of compensation moment for the corresponding gravitational moment in the first degree of freedom.
  • the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 421, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 and the rotation axis of the second rotation part 412 (that is, the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 and the first rotation axis The distance between axes 35), and the distance between the rotation axis of the fourth rotating part 414 and the first rotation axis 35 include at least one first parameter to be determined
  • the first parameter to be determined is based on the first condition and the second condition It is determined that the first condition includes the gravity of the first link 31, the gravity of the third link 33, the gravity of the fourth link 34, the distance from the center of gravity of the first link 31 to the first rotation axis 35, the third link
  • the distance of the rotation axis 35 is determined, and the second condition
  • the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a fifth rotating part 431 , a sixth rotating part 433 and an eighth rotating part 434 .
  • the fifth rotating part 431 includes a fifth pulley
  • the sixth rotating part includes a sixth pulley
  • the seventh rotating part 433 includes a seventh pulley
  • the eighth rotating part 434 includes an eighth pulley.
  • the fifth rotating part 431 is fixedly connected to the base link 2, the sixth rotating part and the fifth rotating part 431 are coaxially arranged and the sixth rotating part is rotatable relative to the fifth rotating part 431, the seventh rotating part 433 and the eighth rotating part 434 are respectively rotatably connected to the second connecting rod 32, the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 coincides with the first rotation axis 35, and the rotation of the seventh rotation part 433 and the rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 around the first rotation axis 35 are independent of each other.
  • the rotation axes of the sixth rotation part and the eighth rotation part 434 are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis 35, wherein the sixth rotation part, the seventh rotation part 433 and the eighth rotation part 434 can also be arranged on the base link 2 and the same side wall of the parallelogram mechanism 3, wherein, when the gravity compensation mechanism 4 includes the first rotation mechanism 41 and the second rotation mechanism 43, the rotation parts in the first rotation mechanism 41 and the second rotation mechanism 43 can usually be configured Different side walls of the parallelogram mechanism 3 are used to prevent inaccurate compensating torques caused by mutual interference when laying elastic elements and cables.
  • the second elastic mechanism 44 includes a second elastic element 441 and a second cable 442.
  • the second elastic element 441 and the second cable 442 can be set in this way.
  • the second elastic element 441 The first end is connected to the base link 2, the first end of the second cable 442 is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431, the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the sixth rotating part and guided by the seventh rotating part 433 , After winding the eighth rotating part 434 , connect the second end of the second elastic element 441 .
  • the second elastic element 441 and the second cable 442 can also be set in this way, specifically, the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2, and the first end of the second cable 442 is fixed Connecting the fifth rotating part 431, the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434, guided by the seventh rotating part 433, and then wound around the sixth rotating part, connected to the second end of the second elastic element 441. Two ends.
  • the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2, the first end of the second cable 442 is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431, and the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434.
  • the guiding of the second cable 442 through the seventh rotating portion 433 includes that the second cable 442 is arranged tangentially to the seventh rotating portion 433 , and the second cable 442 is arranged around the seventh rotating portion 433 .
  • the second link 32 remains neutral with respect to the first link 31, or rotates upward or downward, the second cable 442 are all tangent to the right side of the seventh rotating part 433 .
  • the second elastic element 441 can provide a certain degree of compensation moment for the corresponding gravitational moment in the second degree of freedom.
  • the sixth rotating part that is arranged coaxially with the fifth rotating part and is rotatable relative to the fifth rotating part mentioned in this application can be omitted, that is, the rotating part coupled with the base link 2 retains the sixth rotating part.
  • Five rotating parts 431 are also possible.
  • the second elastic element 441 and the second cable 442 can be arranged in this way. Specifically, the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2, and the second One end is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431 , the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434 and guided by the seventh rotating part 433 , and then connected to the second end of the second elastic element 441 .
  • the first end of the second elastic element 441 is connected to the base link 2
  • the first end of the second cable 442 is fixedly connected to the fifth rotating part 431
  • the second end of the first cable 422 is wound around the eighth rotating part 434. , and after being guided by the seventh rotating part 433 , it is connected to the second end of the second elastic element 441 .
  • the first cable 422 and the second cable 442 described herein include rigid cables including cables that are not stretchable along the axial direction of the rigid cables.
  • the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element 441, the distance between the rotation axis of the seventh rotating part 433 and the rotating axis of the fifth rotating part 431 (that is, the distance between the rotating axis of the seventh rotating part 433 and the first rotation axis 35), and the distance between the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part 434 and the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 includes at least one second parameter to be determined
  • the second parameter to be determined is based on the third condition
  • the third condition includes the gravity of the second connecting rod 32, the gravity of the third connecting rod 33, the gravity of the fourth connecting rod 34, the distance from the center of gravity of the second connecting rod 32 to the first rotation axis 35,
  • the distance between the fourth rotation axis 38 is determined
  • the fourth condition includes
  • the "coincidence” described herein includes complete coincidence and substantial coincidence between axes, and basic coincidence includes allowing proper offset between axes.
  • the "parallel” described herein includes completely parallel and substantially parallel between axes, and substantially parallel includes allowing proper offset between axes.
  • ⁇ 2 includes the angle of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole around the base link 2, that is, ⁇ 2 is related to the first degree of freedom;
  • ⁇ 3 includes the angle of rotation between two adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3, That is, ⁇ 3 is related to the second degree of freedom, wherein, since the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom are relatively independent, in the figure, when the second degree of freedom is adjusted independently, the position of the first connecting rod 31 remains unchanged , and the positions of the second link 32 , the third link 33 and the fourth link 34 change accordingly.
  • the entirety of the parallelogram mechanism 3 is taken as the analysis object, and the force situation of the vertex A0 is used to obtain the matrix balance equation, and the matrix balance equation is as follows formula (1):
  • ⁇ M A0 G 1 *M 1 ⁇ 0 *sin ⁇ 2 +G 2 *M 2 ⁇ 0 *sin ⁇ 3 +G 3 *(DM 3 *sin ⁇ 2 +DA 0 *sin ⁇ 3 )+G 4 *(BA 0 *sin ⁇ 2 +BM 4 *sin ⁇ 3 )
  • ⁇ M A0 (G 1 *M 1 ⁇ 0 +G 3 *DM 3 +G 4 *BA 0 )*sin ⁇ 2 +(G 2 *M 2 ⁇ 0 +G 3 *DA 0 +G 4 *BM 4 )* sin ⁇ 3
  • ⁇ M A0 (G 1 *L1+G 3 *L3+G 4 *L4)*sin ⁇ 2 +(G 2 *L2'+G 3 *L3'+G 4 *L4')*sin ⁇ 3
  • variable ⁇ 2 is related to the weight of the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the first degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom that the parallelogram mechanism 3 as a whole rotates relative to the base link 2)
  • variable ⁇ 3 is the change in the gravitational moment associated with the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the second degree of freedom (ie, the relative rotational degree of freedom between the inner links in the parallelogram mechanism 3 ). Therefore, the present application may try to compensate the above-mentioned first degree of freedom and/or the second degree of freedom by reasonably arranging one or more rotating parts, so as to realize a comparison of the mechanical arm 1 on the compensated degree of freedom. Easy operation.
  • the three rotating parts are respectively set at point O, point O1 and point O2.
  • the positions of point O and point O1 are fixed, and the rod between point O and point O2 can rotate variable ⁇ around point O. Then the position of O2 point is variable.
  • the first end of the elastic mechanism is fixed, the first end of the cable is fixed at the rotating part at point O1, the second end of the cable is wound around the rotating part at point O2, and then passes through the rotating part at point O
  • the guide is finally connected with the second end of the elastic mechanism, and the first end of the elastic mechanism is relatively fixed.
  • O3 point is the center of gravity (position) of the bar (that is, between O point and O2 point), the distance between O point and O1 point is b, and the distance between O point and O2 point is a
  • the distance between point O and point O3 be l
  • the length of the cable between point O1 and point O2 is variable and is the same as the variation of the elastic mechanism
  • the current length of the cable between point O1 and point O2 is is x
  • the initial length is x 0
  • the mass of the rod is m; at the same time, the distance from point O to the cable between points O1 and O2 can be q, and the distance from point O1 to the rod can be z .
  • the bar between the so-called point O and the point O2 may represent any other mechanism, for example, the bar may represent the parallelogram mechanism 3 described in this application.
  • the variable ⁇ can represent the variable angle corresponding to any degree of freedom, for example, the variable ⁇ can represent the first degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 2 ) corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism 3 described in the present application and/or The second degree of freedom (ie, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 3 ).
  • k1 represents the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element 421
  • a1 represents the distance between the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part 414 and the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413
  • b1 represents the distance between the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 and the second rotation axis.
  • the distance of the rotation axis of the rotating part 412 After such a configuration, on the first degree of freedom, gravity balance can be achieved at any position (ie angle).
  • a1 and b1 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
  • a1 and b1 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
  • a1 and b1 can be determined according to the above formula (9) combined with, for example, the least square method or the ergodic method.
  • k1, a1 and b1 may be determined according to the above formula (9).
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 associated with the second degree of freedom that is, associated with the degree of freedom of the variable ⁇ 3
  • it can be based on the simultaneous combination of formula (3) and formula (8)
  • the obtained formula (10) configures the second rotating mechanism 43 and/or the second elastic mechanism 44:
  • k2 represents the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member 441
  • a2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part 434 to the first rotation axis 35
  • b2 represents the rotation from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 to the fifth rotation part 431. axis distance.
  • a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
  • a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
  • a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9) combined with, for example, the least square method or the ergodic method.
  • k2, a2 and b2 can be determined according to the above formula (9).
  • the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the present application is associated with both the first degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 2 ) and the second degree of freedom (that is, the degree of freedom associated with the variable ⁇ 3 )
  • the first rotating mechanism 41, the first elastic mechanism 42, the second rotating mechanism 43 and/or the second Elastic mechanism 44 is configured:
  • gravity balance can be realized at any position (ie, angle) on the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom simultaneously. It can effectively prevent the mechanical arm 1 that adopts the active method for gravity compensation from falling on the first degree of freedom and the second degree of freedom after power failure.
  • the present application can also make the gravity compensation mechanism 4 generate a moment of gravity slightly smaller than that of the parallelogram mechanism 3 on the above-mentioned first degree of freedom, so as to ensure that the first connecting rod 31 is always in contact with the The direction of gravity is parallel.
  • the first rotating mechanism 41 and/or the first elastic mechanism 42 can be configured according to the following formula (12):
  • the present application can also make the gravity compensation mechanism 4 generate a moment of gravity slightly larger than the parallelogram mechanism 3 on the above-mentioned second degree of freedom, so as to ensure that the second connecting rod 32 retracts upward without the action of external force. Tight, the whole parallelogram mechanism forms a folded state.
  • the second rotating mechanism 43 and/or the second elastic mechanism 44 can be configured according to the following formula (13):
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a first motor, the first motor is coupled to the first connecting rod 31, the first motor can be set in the first connecting rod 31, and the first motor can be controlled by the controller To drive the parallelogram mechanism 3 to rotate around the first axis of rotation 35 as a whole, at the same time, the first motor can also be used to be controlled by the controller to generate compensation for the degree of freedom of the parallelogram mechanism 3 to rotate around the first axis of rotation 35 as a whole Compensation moment for gravity moment.
  • the first motor can be used alone to actively compensate the gravitational moment on the degree of freedom; the first motor can also be combined with the first elastic mechanism 42 and the first rotation Mechanisms 41 are used together for both active and passive compensation.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a second motor, the second motor is coupled to the second connecting rod 32, the second motor can be set in the second connecting rod 32, and the second motor can be controlled by the controller To drive the relative rotation between adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3, and at the same time, the second motor can also be used to be controlled by the controller to generate a degree of freedom that compensates for the relative rotation between adjacent connecting rods in the parallelogram mechanism 3 The compensation moment for the gravitational moment on .
  • the second motor can be used alone to actively compensate the gravity moment on this degree of freedom; the second motor can also be combined with the second elastic mechanism 44 and the second The rotation mechanism 43 is used together for active and passive compensation at the same time.
  • the first elastic mechanism 42 and/or the first rotating mechanism 41 configured according to the above formula (10), for example, may be permanently configured and used.
  • the first elastic mechanism 42 and/or the first rotating mechanism 41 configured according to the above-mentioned formula (10) may also be configured in a more flexible manner to facilitate adjustment, especially in relation to the first rotating
  • the configuration of the mechanism 41 can be more flexibly configured to be suitable for different scenarios.
  • the first rotation mechanism 41 can be configured so that the distance a1 between the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part 414 and the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 can be easily adjusted, and/or, it can be configured so that the second The distance b1 from the rotation axis of the third rotation part 413 to the rotation axis of the second rotation part 412 is easily adjusted.
  • the fourth rotating part 414 may be configured to be adjustable in position on the first connecting rod 31 to realize the adjustable distance a1.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a first guide part 461 and a first installation part, the first guide part 461 is arranged on the first connecting rod 31, and the first installation part is movably arranged on the second A guiding part 461 and the fourth rotating part 414 are rotatably mounted on the first mounting part, so the fourth rotating part 414 can adjust the distance a1 by moving the first mounting part on the first guiding part 461 . Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a first driving mechanism, and the first driving mechanism is coupled to the first guiding part 461 or the first mounting part to drive the second rotating part 414.
  • a mounting part moves on the first guiding part 461 to drive the fourth rotating part 414 to move relative to the first connecting rod 31 .
  • the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 arranged coaxially can be configured to be adjustable in position on the base link 2 to realize the adjustable distance b1.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a second guide part 463 and a second installation part, the second guide part 463 is arranged on the base link 2, and the second installation part is movably arranged on the second guide part 463, wherein, The first rotating part 411 is fixedly (that is, non-rotatably) mounted on the second mounting part, and the second rotating part 412 is rotatably mounted on the second mounting part, so the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 pass through the second mounting part.
  • the synchronous movement of the two mounting parts on the first guide part 461 can adjust the distance b1. Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a second driving mechanism, and the second driving mechanism is coupled to the second guiding part 463 or the second The installation part drives the second installation part to move on the second guide part 463 to drive the first rotating part 411 and the second rotating part 412 to move relative to the base connecting rod 2 .
  • the first guide part 461 and/or the second guide part 463 includes a slide rail and/or a slide groove, for example, a slide groove or a slide
  • the rails may be arranged along the length direction of the corresponding first link 31 and/or the base link 2 .
  • the influence of the first guide part 461 on the first connecting rod 31 can be considered, especially, when the weight and center of gravity of the first connecting rod 31 have a relatively large impact on the first guide part 461.
  • the impact is large, because the first guide part 461 and the first connecting rod 31 are relatively fixed, only adjusting the fourth rotating part 414 whose weight is almost negligible relative to each connecting rod will not affect the desired passive effect. Gravity compensation is adversely affected.
  • the elastic coefficient k1 of the first elastic mechanism 42 can be configured to be adjustable individually or in combination.
  • the first elastic mechanism 42 may include springs with variable stiffness so that the elastic coefficient k1 can be easily adjusted.
  • the first elastic mechanism 42 can generally be a conventional tension spring or compression spring, and is mainly adjusted by adjusting the distance a1 and/or the distance b1.
  • the second elastic mechanism 44 and/or the second rotating mechanism 43 configured according to the above formula (11), for example, may be permanently configured and used.
  • the second elastic mechanism 44 and/or the second rotating mechanism 43 configured according to the above-mentioned formula (11) may also be arranged in a relatively flexible manner to facilitate adjustment, especially in relation to the second rotating The configuration of the mechanism 43 can be more flexibly configured to be suitable for different scenarios.
  • the second rotation mechanism 43 can be configured so that the distance a2 between the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part 434 and the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 can be easily adjusted, and/or, it can be configured so that the The distance b2 from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part 433 to the rotation axis of the fifth rotation part 431 is easily adjusted.
  • the eighth rotating part 434 can be configured to be adjustable in position on the second connecting rod 32 to realize the adjustable distance a2.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a third guide part 465 and a third installation part, the third guide part 465 is arranged on the second connecting rod 32, and the third installation part is movably arranged on the second connecting rod 32.
  • the third guiding portion 465 and the eighth rotating portion 434 are rotatably mounted on the third mounting portion, so the eighth rotating portion 434 can adjust the distance a2 by moving the third mounting portion on the third guiding portion 465 . Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
  • the movement of the eighth rotating part 434 can be automatically realized as an example, and the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a third driving mechanism, and the third driving mechanism is coupled to the third guiding part 465 or the third mounting part to drive the first The three mounting parts move on the third guiding part 465 to drive the eighth rotating part 434 to move relative to the second connecting rod 32 .
  • the fifth rotating part 431 may be configured such that its position on the base link 2 can be adjusted to realize the adjustable distance b2.
  • the gravity compensation mechanism 4 further includes a fourth guide part 467 and a fourth installation part, the fourth guide part 467 is arranged on the base link 2, and the fourth installation part is movably arranged on the fourth guide part.
  • the fifth rotating part 431 is fixedly (that is, non-rotatably) mounted on the fourth mounting part, and when the sixth rotating part coaxially arranged with the fifth rotating part as described above is included, the sixth rotating part
  • the part is rotatably mounted on the fourth mounting part, so the fifth rotating part 431 (and the sixth rotating part) can adjust the distance b2 through the synchronous movement of the fourth mounting part on the fourth guiding part 467 .
  • Such movement can be accomplished manually or automatically.
  • the movement of the fifth rotating part 431 can be realized automatically as an example, the gravity compensation mechanism 4 can also include a fourth driving mechanism, and the fourth driving mechanism is coupled to the fourth guiding part 467 or the fourth mounting part to drive the first
  • the four installation parts move on the fourth guide part 467 to drive the fifth rotating part 431 to move relative to the base connecting rod 2 .
  • the sixth rotating part will also move along with the fourth mounting part.
  • the third guide part 465 and/or the fourth guide part 467 includes a sliding rail and/or a sliding groove, for example, a sliding groove or a sliding groove
  • the rails may be arranged along the length direction of the corresponding second link 32 and/or the base link 2 .
  • the influence of the third guide portion 465 on the second connecting rod 32 can be considered, especially, when the third guiding portion 465 has an influence on the weight and center of gravity of the second connecting rod 32 , since the third guide part 465 and the second connecting rod 32 are relatively fixed, and when only adjusting the fourth rotating part 414 whose weight is almost negligible relative to each connecting rod, the desired passive gravity compensation will not be realized. produce adverse effects.
  • the elastic coefficient k2 of the second elastic mechanism 44 can be configured to be adjustable individually or in combination.
  • the second elastic mechanism 44 may include springs with variable stiffness so that the elastic coefficient k2 can be easily adjusted.
  • the second elastic mechanism 44 can usually be a conventional tension spring or compression spring, and is mainly adjusted by adjusting the distance a2 and/or the distance b2.
  • the above-mentioned corresponding configuration of the first driving mechanism and/or the second driving mechanism can be effectively applied when the load 5 connected to the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 changes to a certain extent, so as to better compensate the gravity of the parallelogram mechanism 3 .
  • each driving mechanism may be realized by, for example, including a linear motor, a ball screw pair, a rack and pinion, and the like.
  • the stator of the linear motor is used as a guide part
  • the mover of the linear motor is used as a mounting part
  • the linear motor is also used as a Guide part, installation part and driving mechanism.
  • the screw of the ball screw pair is used as the guide part
  • the slider of the ball screw pair is used as the guide part.
  • the installation part of course, the ball screw pair also includes a motor, the motor is coupled with the lead screw to drive the slider to move on the lead screw by driving the screw to rotate, and the ball screw pair serves as the guide part, the installation part and the driving mechanism at the same time.
  • first drive mechanism, the second drive mechanism, the third drive mechanism and/or the fourth drive mechanism include a rack and pinion
  • slide grooves can be provided on the corresponding connecting rods as guides, and A rack parallel to the chute or slide rail
  • the gear is movably arranged on the chute and meshed with the rack
  • the rotating part is rotatably arranged on the gear and the rotation of the rotating part is independent of the rotation of the gear
  • the gear is driven by a motor
  • the rotation enables the gear to move in the slide groove, and in this embodiment, the rack and pinion serves as both the mounting part and the driving mechanism.
  • the chute as the guide part 463 is arranged on the second connecting rod 32, in the rack and pinion of the second driving mechanism, the rack 471 is opposite Parallel to the sliding slot 463 and disposed on the second connecting rod 32 , the gear 472 mounted with the fourth rotating portion 414 is movably disposed on the sliding slot 463 and engages with the rack 471 .
  • each driving mechanism (the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism and/or the fourth driving mechanism) can be driven by one or more controllers to control the corresponding distances (a1, b1, a2 and/or b2) can be adjusted to correct the problems caused by assembly errors, or to correct the problems caused by changes in the load 5, for example, when the structure of the load 5 changes statically. , and for example, real-time correction can be performed when the state of the load 5 changes dynamically, so as to achieve a better gravity balance effect.
  • the multiple rotating parts in the first rotating mechanism 41 have the same diameter, for example, the first rotating part 411 , the second rotating part 412 , the third rotating part 413 and the fourth rotating part 414 have the same diameter.
  • the multiple rotating parts in the second rotating mechanism 43 have the same diameter, for example, the fifth rotating part 431 , the seventh rotating part 433 and the eighth rotating part 434 have the same diameter.
  • the second rotating mechanism 43 includes a sixth rotating part, the diameter of the sixth rotating part should be the same as that of other rotating parts.
  • the angle of rotation between the rods 32 cannot reach 0° or 180°, so as to avoid reaching the singular point (singular point includes the two singular points of 0° and 180°) and cause the inability to move in the second degree of freedom Implement gravity compensation.
  • the application also provides a method for installing a mechanical arm, including:
  • the axis of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism around the connecting rod of the base can be set to coincide with the first axis of rotation between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.
  • a rotation mechanism and an elastic mechanism are provided, the rotation mechanism is coupled to at least one of the first link and the second link, and the base link, and the elastic mechanism is coupled to the base link and the rotation mechanism.
  • a compensation moment for balancing the gravitational moment of the parallelogram mechanism can be generated in one degree of freedom corresponding to the parallelogram mechanism.
  • the rotating mechanism includes a first rotating mechanism
  • the elastic mechanism includes a first elastic mechanism.
  • the step of distributing the rotating mechanism on at least one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod and the base connecting rod, and coupling the elastic mechanism to the base connecting rod and the rotating mechanism includes:
  • the rotating mechanism includes a second rotating mechanism
  • the elastic mechanism includes a second elastic mechanism.
  • the step of distributing the rotating mechanism on at least one of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod and the base connecting rod, and coupling the elastic mechanism to the base connecting rod and the rotating mechanism includes:
  • the parallelogram mechanism includes a first degree of freedom including a degree of freedom of rotation of the parallelogram mechanism as a whole about the first axis of rotation.
  • the step of coupling the first rotating mechanism to one of the first link and the second link, and the base link includes:
  • the first rotating mechanism includes a first rotating part, a second rotating part, a third rotating part and a fourth rotating part
  • the first elastic mechanism includes a first elastic element and a first cable.
  • the first rotating part is fixedly connected to the connecting rod of the base, the second rotating part is arranged coaxially with the first rotating part and the second rotating part is rotatable relative to the first rotating part, and the third rotating part and the fourth rotating part are respectively rotated Step connected to the first link.
  • the rotation axis of the third rotation part coincides with the first rotation axis
  • the rotation axes of the second rotation part and the fourth rotation part are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis.
  • the installation method also includes:
  • the first elastic element and the first rotating mechanism are configured according to the following formula.
  • k1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ b1 G1 ⁇ L1+G3 ⁇ L3+G4 ⁇ L4
  • k1 represents the elastic coefficient of the first elastic element
  • a1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the fourth rotation part to the first rotation axis
  • b1 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the third rotation part to the rotation axis of the second rotation part
  • G1 Indicates the gravity of the first connecting rod
  • G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
  • G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
  • L1 represents the distance from the center of gravity of the first connecting rod to the first axis of rotation
  • L3 represents the center of gravity of the third connecting rod
  • L4 denotes the distance from the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link to the first axis of rotation.
  • the parallelogram mechanism includes a second degree of freedom
  • the second degree of freedom includes the degree of freedom of rotation between two adjacent links in the parallelogram mechanism
  • the second rotation mechanism is coupled to the first link and the second link.
  • the other one of the two connecting rods and the base connecting rod, and the steps of coupling the second elastic mechanism to the base connecting rod and the second rotating mechanism include:
  • the second rotating mechanism includes a fifth rotating part, a seventh rotating part and an eighth rotating part
  • the second elastic mechanism includes a second elastic element and a second cable.
  • the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part coincides with the first rotation axis
  • the rotation axes of the eighth rotation part are respectively parallel to the first rotation axis.
  • the installation method also includes:
  • the second elastic element and the second rotating mechanism are configured according to the following formula.
  • k2 represents the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element
  • a2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the eighth rotation part to the first rotation axis
  • b2 represents the distance from the rotation axis of the seventh rotation part to the rotation axis of the fifth rotation part
  • G2 Indicates the gravity of the second connecting rod
  • G3 represents the gravity of the third connecting rod
  • G4 represents the gravity of the fourth connecting rod
  • L2' represents the distance from the center of gravity of the second connecting rod to the first rotation axis
  • L3' represents the second connecting rod and the distance from the second axis of rotation between the third link to the first axis of rotation
  • L4' represents the distance from the center of gravity of the fourth link to the fourth axis of rotation between the fourth link and the first link.
  • the mechanical arm including the base link, the parallelogram mechanism and the gravity compensation mechanism described in this application is applicable to robots in various technical fields, and can be used at least as a part.
  • the robotic arm of the present application can be used as at least a part of a robotic arm of a surgical robot in the medical field.
  • the robot arm of the present application may be used as at least a part of a robot arm of an industrial robot in the industrial field.
  • the present application also provides a surgical robot, which includes a master console 100 and slave manipulation devices controlled by the master console 100 .
  • the master console 100 has an operation unit 110 , and the doctor sends a control command including a pose instruction to the slave operation device by operating (for example, dragging) the operation unit 110 , so as to make the operation device execute the control command.
  • the operation unit 110 includes a robot arm.
  • the mechanical arm 110 includes a base connecting rod 2', and the mechanical arm also includes a first connecting rod 31', a second connecting rod 32', a third connecting rod 33' and a fourth connecting rod 34' which are sequentially connected in rotation.
  • the mechanical arm also includes a gravity compensation mechanism (not shown) coupled between the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3', because the basic component of the mechanical arm is the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3' are equivalent to the base link 2 and the parallelogram mechanism 3 in the mechanical arm 1 described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, so the setting of the gravity compensation mechanism in the mechanical arm 110 can refer to any of the above-mentioned In the embodiment, the setting of the gravity compensation mechanism 4 in the mechanical arm 1 is implemented, and details will not be repeated here.
  • a gravity compensation mechanism (not shown) coupled between the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3'
  • the distal end of the parallelogram mechanism 3 ′ in the mechanical arm 110 may further include a load 130 , for example, the load 130 is provided at the distal end of the fourth link 34 ′, and the load 130 may be Called the wrist mechanism, the wrist mechanism 130 has multiple degrees of freedom for being operated in cooperation with the base link 2' and the parallelogram mechanism 3' to control the movement of the slave operating device including position and/or or gesture control commands.
  • the wrist mechanism 130 may additionally have a degree of freedom for being operated to generate an opening and closing degree of freedom for controlling an end effector mounted on the slave operating device.
  • the main console 100 may include a base 140, and the base link 2' is rotatably coupled to the base 140.
  • the wrist mechanism 130 shown in FIG. 16 can be taken as a specific example for easy understanding.

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Abstract

一种机械臂(1)、主操作台(100)、手术机器人。机械臂(1)包括底座连杆(2);转动连接于底座连杆(2)的平行四边形机构(3),平行四边形机构(3)围绕底座连杆(2)转动的轴线与平行四边形机构(3)中第一连杆(31)和第二连杆(32)之间的第一旋转轴线(35)重合;及重力补偿机构(4),包括转动机构和弹性机构,转动机构耦接于第一连杆(31)和第二连杆(32)之中的至少一个、及底座连杆(2),弹性机构耦接底座连杆(2)和转动机构,以在平行四边形机构(3)对应的至少一个自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构(3)的重力矩的补偿力矩。在不增加机械臂(1)惯性的基础上,能在被重力补偿的自由度上实现较好的重力平衡,具有极佳的操作体验。

Description

机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人
本申请要求于2021年10月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111272398.0、申请名称为“机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及机器人技术领域,特别是涉及一种机械臂、主操作台。
背景技术
在工业机器人及医疗机器人等技术领域,具有特定数量的自由度的机械臂越来越广泛的被应用于机器人。
以腹腔镜手术机器人为例,腹腔镜手术机器人包括主操作台和由主操作台控制的从操作设备。主操作台包括主手(master hand),主手包括具有多个自由度的机械臂,医生通过操作机械臂产生控制命令进而对从操作设备进行控制。
在现有的一些产品中,主手的机械臂中部分结构可能容易构成悬臂结构,进而存在由于悬臂结构的重力影响操作手感的问题。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人,能够在不增加机械臂惯性的基础上,在被重力补偿的自由度上实现较好的重力平衡,进而具有极佳的操作体验。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请提供一种机械臂,包括:底座连杆;平行四边形机构,包括依次转动连接的第一连杆、第二连杆、第三连杆及第四连杆,所述平行四边形机构转动连接于所述底座连杆,所述平行四边形机构围绕所述底座连杆转动的轴线与所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之间的第一旋 转轴线重合,所述平行四边形机构具有所述平行四边形机构整体相对于所述底座连杆转动的自由度、及所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间相互转动的自由度;及重力补偿机构,包括转动机构和弹性机构,所述转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的至少一个、及所述底座连杆,所述弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的至少一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
可选的,所述转动机构包括第一转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第一弹性机构,所述第一转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的一个、及所述底座连杆,所述第一弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第一转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩;及/或所述转动机构包括第二转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第二弹性机构,所述第二转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的另一个、及所述底座连杆,所述第二弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第二转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的另一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。。
可选的,所述平行四边形机构包括第一自由度,所述第一自由度包括所述平行四边形机构整体围绕所述第一旋转轴线转动的自由度,所述第一转动机构耦接于所述底座连杆和所述第一连杆,所述第一弹性机构在所述第一自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
可选的,所述第一转动机构包括第一转动部、第二转动部、第三转动部及第四转动部,所述第一转动部固定连接于所述底座连杆,所述第二转动部与所述第一转动部同轴设置且所述第二转动部相对所述第一转动部可转动,所述第三转动部和所述第四转动部分别转动连接于所述第一连杆,所述第三转动部的旋转轴线重合所述第一旋转轴线,所述第二转动部和所述第四转动部的旋转轴线分别与所述第一旋转轴线平行;所述第一弹性机构包括第一弹性元件和第一线缆,所述第一弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第一线缆的第一端固定连接所述第一转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设 所述第二转动部、并经过所述第三转动部导向、再绕设所述第四转动部后,连接所述第一弹性元件的第二端;或,所述第一弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第一线缆的第一端固定连接所述第一转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第四转动部、并经过所述第三转动部导向、再绕设所述第二转动部后,连接所述第一弹性元件的第二端。
可选的,所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第三转动部的旋转轴线与所述第二转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线之间的距离中包括至少一个第一待确定参数,所述第一待确定参数基于第一条件和第二条件而确定,所述第一条件包括所述第一连杆的重力、所述第三连杆的重力、所述第四连杆的重力、所述第一连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、所述第三连杆的重心到所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线的距离、及所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离确定,所述第二条件包括所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第三转动部的旋转轴线与所述第二转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线之间的距离中除所述第一待确定参数以外的参数。
可选的,所述第一弹性元件和所述第一转动机构的配置满足如下公式:
k1×a1×b1≤G1×L1+G3×L3+G4×L4
k1表示所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数,a1表示所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,b1表示所述第三转动部的旋转轴线到所述第二转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G1表示所述第一连杆的重力,G3表示所述第三连杆的重力,G4表示所述第四连杆的重力,L1表示所述第一连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L3表示所述第三连杆的重心到所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线的距离,L4表示所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离。
可选的,第一弹性元件包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数可调、所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、及/或所述第三转动部的旋 转轴线到所述第二转动部的旋转轴线的距离可调。
可选的,所述重力补偿机构包括第一导向部和第一安装部,所述第一导向部设置于所述第一连杆,所述第一安装部可移动地设置于所述第一导向部,所述第四转动部可转动地装设于所述第一安装部;及/或所述重力补偿机构包括第二导向部和第二安装部,所述第二导向部设置于所述底座连杆,所述第一转动部固定装设于所述第二安装部,所述第二转动部可转动地装设于所述第二安装部。
可选的,所述第一导向部及/或所述第二导向部包括滑槽或滑轨;所述第一转动部、所述第二转动部、所述第三转动部及所述第四转动部包括滑轮。
可选的,所述重力补偿机构还包括第一驱动机构,所述第一驱动机构耦接所述第一导向部或所述第一安装部,以驱动所述第一安装部在所述第一导向部移动而带动所述第四转动部相对于所述第一连杆移动;及/或所述重力补偿机构还包括第二驱动机构,所述第二驱动机构耦接所述第二导向部或所述第二安装部,以驱动所述第二安装部在所述第二导向部移动而带动所述第一转动部和所述第二转动部相对于所述底座连杆移动。
可选的,所述平行四边形机构包括第二自由度,所述第二自由度包括所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间转动的自由度,所述第二转动机构耦接于所述底座连杆和所述第二连杆,所述第二弹性机构在所述第二自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
可选的,所述第二转动机构包括第五转动部、第七转动部及第八转动部,所述第五转动部固定连接于所述底座连杆,所述第七转动部和所述第八转动部分别转动连接于所述第二连杆,所述第七转动部的旋转轴线重合所述第一旋转轴线,所述第五转动部和所述第八转动部的旋转轴线分别与所述第一旋转轴线平行;所述第二弹性机构包括第二弹性元件和第二线缆,所述第二弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第二线缆的第一端固定连接所述第五转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端经过所述第七转动部导向、再绕设所述第八转动部后,连接所述第二弹性元件的第二端;或,所述第二弹性元件 的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第二线缆的第一端固定连接所述第五转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第八转动部、并经过所述第七转动部导向后,连接所述第二弹性元件的第二端。
可选的,所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第七转动部的旋转轴线与所述第五转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第八转动部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离中包括至少一个第二待确定参数,所述第二待确定参数基于第三条件和第四条件而确定,所述第三条件包括所述第二连杆的重力、所述第三连杆的重力、所述第四连杆的重力、所述第二连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、及所述第四连杆的重心到所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线的距离,所述第四条件包括所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第七转动部的旋转轴线与所述第五转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第八转动部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离中除所述第二待确定参数以外的参数。
可选的,所述第二弹性元件和所述第二转动机构的配置满足如下公式:
k2×a2×b2≥G2×L2’+G3×L3’+G4×L4’
k2表示所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数,a2表示所述第八转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,b2表示所述第七转动部的旋转轴线到所述第六转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G2表示所述第二连杆的重力,G3表示所述第三连杆的重力,G4表示所述第四连杆的重力,L2’表示所述第二连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L3’表示所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L4’表示第四连杆的重心到所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线的距离。
可选的,所述第二弹性元件包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数可调、所述第八转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、及/或所述第七转动部的旋转轴线到所述第五转动部的旋转轴线的距离可调。
可选的,所述重力补偿机构包括第三导向部和第三安装部,所述第三 导向部设置于所述第二连杆,所述第三安装部可移动地设置于所述第三导向部,所述第八转动部可转动地装设于所述第三安装部;及/或所述重力补偿机构包括第四导向部和第四安装部,所述第四导向部设置于所述底座连杆,所述第五转动部固定装设于所述第四安装部。
可选的,所述第三导向部及/或所述第四导向部包括滑槽或滑轨;所述第五转动部、所述第七转动部、及所述第八转动部包括滑轮。
可选的,所述重力补偿机构还包括第三驱动机构,所述第三驱动机构耦接所述第三导向部或所述第三安装部,以驱动所述第一安装部在所述第一导向部移动而带动所述第八转动部相对于所述第二连杆移动;及/或所述重力补偿机构还包括第四驱动机构,所述第四驱动机构耦接所述第四导向部或所述第四安装部,以驱动所述第四安装部在所述第四导向部移动而带动所述第五转动部相对于所述底座连杆移动。
可选的,所述重力补偿机构还包括第一电机,所述第一电机耦接所述第一连杆,以主动补偿所述平行四边形机构整体围绕所述第一旋转轴线转动的自由度上的重力矩;及/或所述重力补偿机构还包括第二电机,所述第二电机耦接所述第二连杆,以主动补偿所述平行四边形机构中相邻连杆之间相对转动的自由度上的重力矩。
可选的,所述第一转动部、所述第二转动部、所述第三转动部及所述第四转动部的直径相同;及/或所述第五转动部、所述第七转动部及所述第八转动部的直径相同。
可选的,所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间转动的角度范围θ∈(0°,180°)。
可选的,所述平行四边形机构包括连接于所述平行四边形机构远端的负载,所述重力补偿机构还用于产生平衡包括所述负载的平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请还提供一种主操作台,所述主操作台具有用以产生包括位姿指令的控制命令的操作部,所述操作部包括如上述任一 项实施例所述的机械臂。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请还提供一种手术机器人,所述手术机器人包括从操作设备和如上述任一项实施例所述的主操作台,所述从操作设备根据所述主操作台发送的控制命令执行相应操作。。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请还提供一种机械臂的安装方法,包括:提供底座连杆;提供具备依次转动连接的第一连杆、第二连杆、第三连杆及第四连杆的平行四边形机构,将所述平行四边形机构转动连接于所述底座连杆,所述平行四边形机构围绕所述底座连杆转动的轴线与所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之间的第一旋转轴线重合;提供转动机构和弹性机构,将所述转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的至少一个、及所述底座连杆,并将所述弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的至少一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
可选的,所述转动机构包括第一转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第一弹性机构,所述安装方法包括:将所述第一转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的一个、及所述底座连杆,并将所述第一弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第一转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构及其连接的负载的重力矩的补偿力矩。
可选的,所述转动机构包括第二转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第二弹性机构,所述安装方法包括:将所述第二转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的另一个、及所述底座连杆,并将所述第二弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第二转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的另一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构及其连接的负载的重力矩的补偿力矩。
本申请的机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人,具有如下有益效果:
通过将重力补偿机构中转动机构耦接于平行四边形机构中第一连杆和第二连杆之中的至少一个、及底座连杆,并将弹性机构耦接底座连杆和转动机构,可实现在平行四边形机构对应的至少一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四 边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩,进而能够在不增加机械臂惯性的基础上,在被重力补偿的自由度上实现较好的重力平衡,进而具有极佳的操作体验。
附图说明
图1为本申请机械臂一实施例的结构示意图;
图2为本申请机械臂又一实施例的结构示意图;
图3为本申请机械臂又一实施例的结构示意图;
图4为图3所示机械臂中P处结构的局部放大示意图;
图5为如图1所示的机械臂的一运动状态示意图;
图6为如图1所示的机械臂的另一运动状态示意图;
图7为如图2所示的机械臂的一运动状态示意图;
图8为如图2所示的机械臂的另一运动状态示意图;
图9为对如图1所示的机械臂中平行四边形机构的受重力情况进行分析的原理示意图;
图10为本申请重力补偿机构对平行四边形机构进行重力补偿的原理示意图;
图11为图10所示结构的受力分析原理示意图;
图12为本申请机械臂又一实施例的结构示意图;
图13为本申请机械臂又一实施例的结构示意图;
图14为本申请机械臂又一实施例的局部结构示意图;
图15为本申请主操作台一实施例的结构示意图;
图16为如图15中操作部的放大结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请,下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施方式。但是,本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地,提供这些实施方式 的目的是使对本申请的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。当一个元件被认为是“耦接”另一个元件,它可以是直接耦合到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“远端”、“近端”作为方位词,该方位词为介入医疗器械领域惯用术语,其中“远端”表示手术过程中远离操作者的一端,“近端”表示手术过程中靠近操作者的一端。本文所使用的术语“多个”包括两个及以上。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如图1所示,本申请的机械臂1包括底座连杆2、平行四边形机构3及重力补偿机构4。平行四边形机构3与底座连杆2耦接,重力补偿机构4耦接于底座连杆2和平行四边形机构3之间,该重力补偿机构4产生平衡平行四边形机构3的重力矩的重力矩的补偿力矩。一些实施例中,平行四边形机构3还可以包括连接于该平行四边形机构3远端的负载5。其中,负载5包括连接于平行四边形机构3远端的任何机构,例如附加的其它一个或多个连杆。
一些实施例中,平行四边形机构3可转动地连接于底座连杆2,通过平行四边形机构3与底座连杆2之间的转动连接可以为机械臂1提供一个自由度。平行四边形机构3包括依次转动连接的第一连杆31、第二连杆32、第三连杆33及第四连杆34,该平行四边形机构3中相邻连杆之间的相互运动可以为机械臂1提供一个自由度。进而,基于平行四边形机构3关联的这两个自由度,使得机械臂1至少具有两个自由度。其中,重力补偿机构4包括 转动机构和弹性机构,转动机构分布设置于第一连杆31和第二连杆32之中的至少一个、及底座连杆2,弹性机构耦接底座连杆2和转动机构,以在平行四边形机构3关联的至少一个自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构3的重力矩的补偿力矩。
在平行四边形机构3中,第一连杆31与第二连杆32之间具有第一旋转轴线35,第二连杆32与第三连杆33之间具有第二旋转轴线36,第三连杆33与第四连杆34之间具有第三旋转轴线37,第四连杆34与第一连杆31之间具有第四旋转轴线38,相邻两个连杆可围绕该两个连杆之间的旋转轴线转动。
平行四边形机构3整体围绕底座连杆2转动的轴线与第一旋转轴线35重合设置,即平行四边形机构3整体可围绕第一旋转轴线35转动。
一些实施例中,底座连杆2可以被固定设置,例如,可以将底座连杆2固定于某种设备的基座;又例如,可以将底座连杆2固定于墙壁、天花板等。
一些实施例中,底座连杆2也可以被活动设置,示例性的,底座连杆2通过耦接于一个或多个近端连杆的远端,可以具有活动性能。例如,底座连杆2允许被配置成可在重力方向平移;又例如,底座连杆2允许被配置成可在垂直于重力方向的方向平移;又例如,底座连杆2允许被配置成可围绕其平行于重力方向的轴线旋转。
一些实施例中,重力补偿机构4包括第一转动机构41和第一弹性机构42。该第一转动机构41包括多个转动部,这些转动部分布设置于底座连杆2和第一连杆31;或者,这些转动部分布设置于底座连杆2和第二连杆32。为便于理解,第一转动机构41包括第一部分的转动部和第二部分的转动部。示例性的,第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上,第二部分的转动部设置于第一连杆31上;或者,第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上,第二部分的转动部设置于第二连杆32上。其中,第一弹性机构42耦接于底座连杆2和第一转动机构41之间,以在平行四边形机构3对应的一个自由度产生平衡平 行四边形机构3的重力矩的补偿力矩,使得用户能够在该自由度上轻便的对机械臂1进行拖动操作。
一些实施例中,如图2所示,重力补偿机构4包括第二转动机构43和第二弹性机构44。第二转动机构43包括多个转动部,这些转动部分布设置于底座连杆2和第二连杆32;或者,这些转动部分布设置于底座连杆2和第一连杆31。为便于理解,第二转动机构43包括第一部分的转动部和第二部分的转动部。示例性的,第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上,第二部分的转动部设置于第二连杆32上;或者,第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上,第二部分的转动部设置于第一连杆31上。其中,第二弹性机构44耦接于底座连杆2和第二转动机构43之间,以在平行四边形机构3对应的另一个自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构3的重力矩的补偿力矩,使得用户能够在该自由度上轻便的对机械臂1进行拖动操作。
一些实施例中,如图3所示,重力补偿机构4可以同时包括第一转动机构41、第一弹性机构42、第二转动机构43及第二弹性机构44。例如,当第一转动机构41中第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上、第二部分的转动部设置于第一连杆31上时,通常,第二转动机构43中第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上、第二部分的转动部设置于第二连杆32上。又例如,当第一转动机构41中第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上、第二部分的转动部设置于第二连杆32上时,通常,第二转动机构43中第一部分的转动部设置于底座连杆2上、第二部分的转动部设置于第一连杆31上。进而,使得该重力补偿机构4可以在平行四边形机构3对应的两个自由度上分别对相应的重力矩提供补偿力矩,使得用户能够在该两个自由度上均可以轻便的对机械臂1进行拖动操作。
上述实施例中,第一转动机构41及/或第二转动机构43中的转动部包括滑轮及/或转轴,例如,各转动部均可被配置成滑轮。
一些实施例中,继续参阅图3,关联于平行四边形机构3的自由度包括第一自由度和第二自由度。示例性的,第一自由度包括平行四边形机构3 整体围绕第一旋转轴线35转动的自由度,第二自由度包括平行四边形机构3中相邻两个连杆之间转动的自由度(例如,第二连杆32与第一连杆31之间转动的自由度)。当重力补偿机构4包括上述的第一转动机构41、第一弹性机构42、及第二转动机构43和第二弹性机构44时,可以在第一自由度、第二自由度分别对相应的重力矩提供补偿力矩。
一些实施例中,继续参阅图1,并请结合图4参阅,第一转动机构41包括第一转动部411、第二转动部412、第三转动部413及第四转动部414。第一转动部411固定连接于底座连杆2,第二转动部412与第一转动部411同轴设置且第二转动部412相对第一转动部411可转动,第三转动部413和第四转动部414分别转动连接于第一连杆31,第三转动部413的旋转轴线重合第一旋转轴线35,且第三转动部413的转动与平行四边形机构3整体围绕第一旋转轴线35的转动相互独立,第二转动部412和第四转动部414的旋转轴线分别与第一旋转轴线35平行,示例性的,可以将第二转动部412、第三转动部413及第四转动部414设置于底座连杆2及平行四边形机构3的同一侧壁以便于布设第一弹性机构42。
进一步地,第一弹性机构42包括第一弹性元件421和第一线缆422,一些实施例中,可以这样设置第一弹性元件421和第一线缆422,具体的,第一弹性元件421的第一端连接底座连杆2,第一线缆422的第一端固定连接第一转动部411,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第二转动部412、并经过第三转动部413导向、再绕设第四转动部414后,连接第一弹性元件421的第二端。在其他实施例中,还可以这样设置第一弹性元件421和第一线缆422,具体的,第一弹性元件421的第一端连接底座连杆2,第一线缆422的第一端固定连接第一转动部411,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第四转动部414、并经过第三转动部413导向、再绕设第二转动部412后,连接第一弹性元件421的第二端。或者,第一弹性元件421的第一端连接底座连杆2,第一线缆422的第一端固定连接第一转动部411,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第四转动部414、并经过第三转动部413导向、再绕设第二转动部412后,连接第一弹性 元件421的第二端。其中,第一线缆422经过第三转动部413导向包括第一线缆422与第三转动部413相切设置以不影响平行四边形机构3在第一自由度上的换向。在如图1所示的示意图中,平行四边形机构3中立时,即平行四边形机构3整体相对于底座连杆2不向左和不向右旋转时,第一线缆422分别相切于第三转动部413的左右两侧。在如图5所示的示意图中,平行四边形机构3整体相对于底座连杆2向左侧旋转,第一线缆422相切于第三转动部413的右侧。在如图6所示的示意图中,平行四边形机构3整体相对于底座连杆2向右侧旋转,第一线缆422相切于第三转动部413的左侧。该结构设计,可以借助第一弹性元件421在第一自由度对相应的重力矩提供一定程度的补偿力矩。
在一些实施例中,第一弹性元件421的弹性系数、第三转动部413的旋转轴线与第二转动部412的旋转轴线之间的距离(即第三转动部413的旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线35之间的距离)、及第四转动部414的旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线35之间的距离中包括至少一个第一待确定参数,第一待确定参数基于第一条件和第二条件而确定,第一条件包括第一连杆31的重力、第三连杆33的重力、第四连杆34的重力、第一连杆31的重心到第一旋转轴线35的距离、第三连杆33的重心到第二连杆32和第三连杆33之间的第二旋转轴线36的距离、及第四连杆34和第一连杆31之间的第四旋转轴线38到第一旋转轴线35的距离确定,第二条件包括第一弹性元件421的弹性系数、第三转动部413的旋转轴线与第二转动部412的旋转轴线之间的距离、及第四转动部414的旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线35之间的距离中除第一待确定参数以外的参数。
一些实施例中,继续参阅图2,并请结合图4参阅,第二转动机构43包括第五转动部431、第六转动部、第七转动部433及第八转动部434,示例性的,第五转动部431包括第五滑轮、第六转动部包括第六滑轮、第七转动部433包括第七滑轮及第八转动部434包括第八滑轮。第五转动部431固定连接于底座连杆2,第六转动部与第五转动部431同轴设置且第六转动部相 对第五转动部431可转动,第七转动部433和第八转动部434分别转动连接于第二连杆32,第七转动部433的旋转轴线重合第一旋转轴线35,且第七转动部433的转动与平行四边形机构3整体围绕第一旋转轴线35的转动相互独立,第六转动部和第八转动部434的旋转轴线分别与第一旋转轴线35平行,其中,可以将第六转动部、第七转动部433及第八转动部434亦设置于底座连杆2及平行四边形机构3的同一侧壁,其中,当重力补偿机构4包括第一转动机构41和第二转动机构43时,第一转动机构41和第二转动机构43中的转动部通常可以被配置于平行四边形机构3的不同侧壁以防止出现布设弹性元件和线缆时相互干扰而影响的补偿力矩不准确的现象。
进一步地,第二弹性机构44包括第二弹性元件441和第二线缆442,一些实施例中,可以这样设置第二弹性元件441和第二线缆442,具体的,第二弹性元件441的第一端连接底座连杆2,第二线缆442的第一端固定连接第五转动部431,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第六转动部、并经过第七转动部433导向、再绕设第八转动部434后,连接第二弹性元件441的第二端。在其他实施例中,还可以这样设置第二弹性元件441和第二线缆442,具体的,第二弹性元件441的第一端连接底座连杆2,第二线缆442的第一端固定连接第五转动部431,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第八转动部434、并经过第七转动部433导向、再绕设第六转动部后,连接第二弹性元件441的第二端。或者,第二弹性元件441的第一端连接底座连杆2,第二线缆442的第一端固定连接第五转动部431,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第八转动部434、并经过第七转动部433导向、再绕设第六转动部后,连接第二弹性元件441的第二端。其中,第二线缆442经过第七转动部433导向包括第二线缆442与第七转动部433相切设置、及第二线缆442绕设第七转动部433设置。在如图2、图7及图8所示的示意图中,无论平行四边形机构3中例如第二连杆32相对于第一连杆31是保持中立,还是向上或向下旋转,第二线缆442均相切于第七转动部433的右侧。该结构设计,可以借助第二弹性元件441在第二自由度对相应的重力矩提供一定程度的补偿力矩。
在一些实施例中,本申请所提及与第五转动部同轴设置且可相对于第五转动部转动的第六转动部可以被省略,即与底座连杆2耦接的转动部保留第五转动部431也是可行的。在仅保留第五转动部431时,可以这样设置第二弹性元件441和第二线缆442,具体的,第二弹性元件441的第一端连接底座连杆2,第二线缆442的第一端固定连接第五转动部431,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第八转动部434、并经过第七转动部433导向后,连接第二弹性元件441的第二端。或者,第二弹性元件441的第一端连接底座连杆2,第二线缆442的第一端固定连接第五转动部431,第一线缆422的第二端绕设第八转动部434、并经过第七转动部433导向后,连接第二弹性元件441的第二端。
本文所述的第一线缆422和第二线缆442包括刚性线缆,刚性线缆包括沿着刚性线缆的轴向不可拉伸的线缆。
在一些实施例中,第二弹性元件441的弹性系数、第七转动部433的旋转轴线与第五转动部431的旋转轴线之间的距离(即第七转动部433的旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线35之间的距离)、及第八转动部434的旋转轴线与第七转动部433的旋转轴线之间的距离中包括至少一个第二待确定参数,第二待确定参数基于第三条件和第四条件而确定,第三条件包括第二连杆32的重力、第三连杆33的重力、第四连杆34的重力、第二连杆32的重心到第一旋转轴线35的距离、第二连杆32和第三连杆33之间的第二旋转轴线36到第一旋转轴线35的距离、及第四连杆34的重心到第四连杆34和第一连杆31之间的第四旋转轴线38的距离确定,第四条件包括第二弹性元件441的弹性系数、第七转动部433的旋转轴线与第五转动部431旋转轴线之间的距离、及第八转动部434的旋转轴线与第七转动部433的旋转轴线之间的距离中除第二待确定参数以外的参数。
在所述的第三转动部413和第七转动部433分别被提供给平行四边形机构3的不同自由度以进行重力补偿时,该第三转动部413的转动和第七转动部433的转动也相互独立。
本文所描述的“重合”包括轴线与轴线之间完全重合和基本重合,基本重合包括允许轴线与轴线之间适当的偏移。本文所描述的“平行”包括轴线与轴线之间完全平行和基本平行,基本平行包括允许轴线与轴线之间适当的偏移。
现在对重力补偿机构4进行重力补偿的原理进行详细说明。
如图9所示,在简化的平行四边形机构3中,令平行四边形机构3的四个顶点(即杆的铰接点)分别为A 0、B、C、D,且令顶点A 0为平行四边形机构3作为整体相对于底座连杆2进行转动的顶点;令A 0B之间的杆为第一连杆31、A 0D之间的杆为第二连杆32、CD之间的杆为第三连杆33、BC之间的杆为第四连杆34;令第一连杆31的重心(位置)为M 1、令第二连杆32的重心(位置)为M 2、令第三连杆33的重心(位置)为M 3、第四连杆34的重心(位置)为M 4;并且,令第一连杆31的重力为G 1、令第二连杆32的重力为G 2、令第三连杆33的重力为G 3、第四连杆34的重力为G 4。θ 2包括平行四边形机构3整体绕底座连杆2转动的角度,即θ 2关联于所述的第一自由度;θ 3包括平行四边形机构3中相邻两个连杆之间转动的角度,即θ 3关联于所述的第二自由度,其中,由于第一自由度和第二自由度相对独立,在图中,在单独调节第二自由度时,第一连杆31位置保持不变,而第二连杆32、第三连杆33及第四连杆34位置相应改变。进一步地,将该平行四边形机构3的整体作为分析对象,对顶点A 0的受力情况求矩列平衡方程,该矩列平衡方程如下公式(1):
ΣM A0=G 1*M 1Α 0*sinθ 2+G 2*M 2Α 0*sinθ 3+G 3*(DM 3*sinθ 2+DΑ 0*sinθ 3)+G 4*(BΑ 0*sinθ 2+BM 4*sinθ 3)
简化上述公式(1)可得如下公式(2):
ΣM A0=(G 1*M 1Α 0+G 3*DM 3+G 4*BΑ 0)*sinθ 2+(G 2*M 2Α 0+G 3*DΑ 0+G 4*BM 4)*sinθ 3
其中,令重心M 1到顶点Α 0之间的距离M 1Α 0=L1,令顶点D到重心M 3之间的距离DM 3=L3,令顶点B到顶点Α 0之间的距离BΑ 0=L4,令重心M 2到 顶点Α 0之间的距离M 2Α 0=L2’,令顶点D到顶点Α 0之间的距离DΑ 0=L3’,令顶点B到顶点M 4之间的距离BM 4=L4’。进而,上述公式(2)可以简化成公式(3):
ΣM A0=(G 1*L1+G 3*L3+G 4*L4)*sinθ 2+(G 2*L2'+G 3*L3'+G 4*L4')*sinθ 3
其中,由于(G 1*L1+G 3*L3+G 4*L4)、(G 2*L2'+G 3*L3'+G 4*L4')均为已知量,因而平行四边形机构3对顶点A0的重力矩是关于θ 2、θ 3变量的正弦函数。
基于上述公式(3),本申请的发明人注意到,变量θ 2是关联于平行四边形机构3在第一自由度(即平行四边形机构3整体相对于底座连杆2转动的自由度)的重力矩的变化,变量θ 3是关联于平行四边形机构3在第二自由度(即平行四边形机构3中内部连杆之间的相对转动的自由度)的重力矩的变化。因而,本申请可尝试通过合理的对一个或多个转动部进行布设来对上述第一自由度及/或第二自由度进行重力补偿以在被补偿的自由度上实现对机械臂1的较为轻便的操作。
请结合图10和图11参阅,三个转动部分别设置于O点、O1点及O2点,O点和O1点位置固定,O点和O2点之间的杆可围绕O点旋转变量θ,进而O2点位置可变。假设弹性机构的第一端固定设置,线缆的第一端固定于O1点处的转动部,线缆的第二端绕设O2点处的转动部之后,然后再经过O点处的转动部导向,最后与弹性机构的第二端连接,该弹性机构的第一端被相对固定的设置。其中,假设O3点为该杆(即O点和O2点之间)的重心(位置),令O点和O1点之间的距离为b,令O点和O2点之间的距离为a,令O点和O3点之间的距离为l,由于O1点和O2点之间线缆的长度为变量且与弹性机构的变化量相同,进而令O1点和O2点之间线缆的当前长度为x、初始长度为x 0,并令该杆的质量为m;同时,可令O点到O1点和O2点之间的线缆的距离为q,令O1点到该杆的距离为z。
值得注意的是,在图10及/或图11中,所谓的O点和O2点之间的杆 可以代表其它任何机构,该杆例如可以表示包括本申请所述的平行四边形机构3。此外,变量θ可以代表任何自由度对应的变量角度,例如该变量θ可以表示包括本申请所述的平行四边形机构3对应的第一自由度(即关联于变量θ 2的自由度)及/或第二自由度(即关联于变量θ 3的自由度)。
进一步地,假设存在刚度为k的弹性元件可以使O点和O2点之间的杆在任意位置都平衡,故将该杆作为研究对象,对O点求矩列平衡方程如公式(4):
ΣM o=mgl sinθ-k(x-x 0)q=0
假设x 0=0,将x 0=0代入公式(4),可得如下公式(5):
mgl sinθ=kxq
由三角形面积相等公式(6):
qx=az
且由正弦函数可知公式(7):
z=b sinθ
将公式(6)和公式(7)代入公式(5),可得公式(8):
mgl sinθ=kab sinθ
基于上述公式(8),可知对于重力矩的补偿与变量θ无关,进而可明确本申请可以通过合理的对一个或多个转动部进行布设来对上述第一自由度及/或第二自由度进行重力补偿。
一些实施例中,本申请中对平行四边形机构3中关联于第一自由度(即关联于变量θ 2的自由度)进行重力补偿时,可以根据由公式(3)和公式(8)联立得到的公式(9)对第一转动机构41及/或第一弹性机构42进行配置:
(G 2*L1+G 3*L3+G 4*L4)*sinθ 2=k1*a1*b1*sinθ 2
其中,k1表示第一弹性元件421的弹性系数,a1表示第四转动部414的旋转轴线与第三转动部413的旋转轴线之间的距离,b1表示第三转动部413的旋转轴线到第二转动部412的旋转轴线的距离。经过这样的配置,在第一自由度上,可以在任意位置(即角度)实现重力平衡。
示例性的,假设k1和a1已知,b1待确定,可根据上述公式(9)确定a1和b1。
示例性的,假设k1已知,a1和b1待确定,可根据上述公式(9)确定a1和b1。例如,根据上述公式(9)并结合例如最小二乘法或遍历法等可以确定a1和b1。
示例性的,假设k1、a1及b1待确定,可根据上述公式(9)确定k1、a1及b1。例如,可令a1与b1或k1之间满足特定关系如a1=b1,再根据上述公式(9)并结合例如最小二乘法或遍历法等可以确定k1、a1及b1。一些实施例中,本申请中对平行四边形机构3中关联于第二自由度(即关联于变量θ 3的自由度)进行重力补偿时,可以根据由公式(3)和公式(8)联立得到的公式(10)对第二转动机构43及/或第二弹性机构44进行配置:
(G 2*L2'+G 3*L3'+G 4*L4')*sinθ 3=k2*a2*b2*sinθ 3
其中,k2表示第二弹性元件441的弹性系数,a2表示第八转动部434的旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线35的距离,b2表示第七转动部433的旋转轴线到第五转动部431的旋转轴线的距离。经过这样的配置,在第二自由度上,可以在任意位置(即角度)实现重力平衡。
示例性的,假设k2和a2已知,b2待确定,可根据上述公式(9)确定a2和b2。
示例性的,假设k2已知,a2和b2待确定,可根据上述公式(9)确定a2和b2。例如,根据上述公式(9)并结合例如最小二乘法或遍历法等可以确定a2和b2。
示例性的,假设k2、a2及b2待确定,可根据上述公式(9)确定k2、a2及b2。例如,可令a2与b2或k2之间满足特定关系如a2=b2,再根据上述公式(9)并结合例如最小二乘法或遍历法等可以确定k2、a2及b2。一些实施例中,本申请中对平行四边形机构3中关联于同时关联于第一自由度(即关联于变量θ 2的自由度)和第二自由度(即关联于变量θ 3的自由度)进行重力补偿时,可以根据由公式(3)和公式(8)联立得到的公式(11)对第一 转动机构41、第一弹性机构42进行配置、第二转动机构43及/或第二弹性机构44进行配置:
(G 1*L1+G 3*L3+G 4*L4)*sinθ 2+(G 2*L2'+G 3*L3'+G 4*L4')*sinθ 3=k1*a1*b1*sinθ 2+k2*a2*b2*sinθ 3
经过这样的配置,可以同时在第一自由度和第二自由度上,在任意位置(即角度)均可实现重力平衡。可有效防止采用主动方式进行重力补偿的机械臂1掉电后不会在第一自由度和第二自由度上坠落。
一些实施例中,本申请也可以使得重力补偿机构4在上述的第一自由度上产生略微小于平行四边形机构3的重力矩,以在没有外力的作用下,可以保证第一连杆31始终与重力方向平行。如可根据如下公式(12)对第一转动机构41及/或第一弹性机构42进行配置:
(G 2*L1+G 3*L3+G 4*L4)*sinθ 2>k1*a1*b1*sinθ 2
一些实施例中,本申请也可以使得重力补偿机构4在上述的第二自由度上产生略微大于平行四边形机构3的重力矩,以在没有外力的作用下,可以保证第二连杆32向上收紧,整个平行四边形机构成收拢状态。如可根据如下公式(13)对第二转动机构43及/或第二弹性机构44进行配置:
(G 2*L2'+G 3*L3'+G 4*L4')*sinθ 3<k2*a2*b2*sinθ 3
一些实施例中,重力补偿机构4还可以包括第一电机,第一电机耦接第一连杆31,第一电机例如可以被设置在第一连杆31内,第一电机可以被控制器控制以驱动平行四边形机构3整体围绕第一旋转轴线35转动,同时,该第一电机还可以用于被控制器控制进而产生补偿在平行四边形机构3整体围绕第一旋转轴线35转动的自由度上的重力矩的补偿力矩。在平行四边形机构3整体围绕第一旋转轴线35转动的自由度上,第一电机可以单独用于主动补偿该自由度上的重力矩;第一电机也可以结合第一弹性机构42和第一转动机构41共同使用,以同时进行主动补偿和被动补偿。
一些实施例中,重力补偿机构4还可以包括第二电机,第二电机耦接第二连杆32,第二电机例如可以被设置在第二连杆32内,第二电机可以被 控制器控制以驱动平行四边形机构3中相邻连杆之间相对转动,同时,该第二电机还可以用于被控制器控制进而产生补偿在平行四边形机构3中相邻连杆之间相对转动的自由度上的重力矩的补偿力矩。在平行四边形机构3中相邻连杆之间相对转动的自由度上,第二电机可以单独用于主动补偿该自由度上的重力矩;第二电机也可以结合第二弹性机构44和第二转动机构43共同使用,以同时进行主动补偿和被动补偿。
一些实施例中,根据例如上述公式(10)配置的第一弹性机构42及/或第一转动机构41通常可以是永久性配置并被使用的。然而,在其它一些实施例中,根据例如上述公式(10)配置的第一弹性机构42及/或第一转动机构41也可以是较为灵活的配置方式以便于调节,尤其是关联于第一转动机构41的配置可以被更加灵活的配置以适用于不同场景。示例性的,以第一转动机构41为例,可以配置使得第四转动部414的旋转轴线到第三转动部413的旋转轴线之间的距离a1易于被调节,及/或,可以配置使得第三转动部413的旋转轴线到第二转动部412的旋转轴线的距离b1易于被调节。
例如,第四转动部414可以被配置成在第一连杆31上的位置可调以实现距离a1可调。示例性的,如图12所示,重力补偿机构4还包括第一导向部461和第一安装部,第一导向部461设置于第一连杆31,第一安装部可移动地设置于第一导向部461,第四转动部414可转动地装设于第一安装部,故第四转动部414通过第一安装部在第一导向部461上的移动可以调节距离a1。这样的移动可以手动或自动实现。
进一步地,第四转动部414的移动以可通过自动实现为例,重力补偿机构4还可以包括第一驱动机构,第一驱动机构耦接第一导向部461或第一安装部,以驱动第一安装部在第一导向部461移动而带动第四转动部414相对于第一连杆31移动。
又例如,继续参阅图12,同轴设置的第一转动部411和第二转动部412可以被配置成在底座连杆2上的位置可调以实现距离b1可调。示例性的,重力补偿机构4还包括第二导向部463和第二安装部,第二导向部463设置于 底座连杆2,第二安装部可移动地设置于第二导向部463,其中,第一转动部411固定(即不可转动)地装设于第二安装部,第二转动部412可转动地装设于第二安装部,故第一转动部411及第二转动部412通过第二安装部在第一导向部461上的同步移动可以调节距离b1。这样的移动可以手动或自动实现。
进一步地,第一转动部411和第二转动部412的移动以可通过自动实现为例,重力补偿机构4还可以包括第二驱动机构,第二驱动机构耦接第二导向部463或第二安装部,以驱动第二安装部在第二导向部463移动而带动第一转动部411和第二转动部412相对于底座连杆2移动。
上述实施例中,例如在通过手动方式相应转动部位置调节的实施例中,第一导向部461及/或第二导向部463包括滑轨及/或滑槽,示例性的,滑槽或滑轨可以沿着相应的第一连杆31及/或底座连杆2的长度方向设置。
在考虑第一连杆31的重量和重心时,可以考虑第一导向部461对第一连杆31的影响,尤其是,当第一导向部461对第一连杆31的重量和重心存在较大影响时,由于第一导向部461与第一连杆31之间相对固定,而只调节重量相对于各连杆几乎可忽略不计的第四转动部414时,不会对所期望实现的被动重力补偿产生不利影响。
当然,也可以单独或结合考虑第一弹性机构42的弹性系数k1可被配置成可调。例如,第一弹性机构42可以包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数k1可便于调节。当然,第一弹性机构42通常可选常规的拉伸弹簧或压缩弹簧,而主要通过对距离a1及/或距离b1进行调节。
一些实施例中,根据例如上述公式(11)配置的第二弹性机构44及/或第二转动机构43通常可以是永久性配置并被使用的。然而,在其它一些实施例中,根据例如上述公式(11)配置的第二弹性机构44及/或第二转动机构43也可以是较为灵活的配置方式以便于调节,尤其是关联于第二转动机构43的配置可以被更加灵活的配置以适用于不同场景。示例性的,以第二转动机构43为例,可以配置使得第八转动部434的旋转轴线到第七转动部433的 旋转轴线之间的距离a2易于被调节,及/或,可以配置使得第七转动部433的旋转轴线到第五转动部431的旋转轴线的距离b2易于被调节。
例如,第八转动部434可以被配置成在第二连杆32上的位置可调以实现距离a2可调。示例性的,如图13所示,重力补偿机构4还包括第三导向部465和第三安装部,第三导向部465设置于第二连杆32,第三安装部可移动地设置于第三导向部465,第八转动部434可转动地装设于第三安装部,故第八转动部434通过第三安装部在第三导向部465上的移动可以调节距离a2。这样的移动可以手动或自动实现。
进一步地,第八转动部434的移动以可通过自动实现为例,重力补偿机构4还可以包括第三驱动机构,第三驱动机构耦接第三导向部465或第三安装部,以驱动第三安装部在第三导向部465移动而带动第八转动部434相对于第二连杆32移动。
又例如,第五转动部431可以被配置成在底座连杆2上的位置可调以实现距离b2可调。示例性的,继续参阅图13,重力补偿机构4还包括第四导向部467和第四安装部,第四导向部467设置于底座连杆2,第四安装部可移动地设置于第四导向部467,其中,第五转动部431固定(即不可转动)地装设于第四安装部,当包括如上所述的与第五转动部同轴设置的第六转动部时,该第六转动部可转动地装设于第四安装部,故第五转动部431(和第六转动部)通过第四安装部在第四导向部467上的同步移动可以调节距离b2。这样的移动可以手动或自动实现。
进一步地,第五转动部431的移动以可通过自动实现为例,重力补偿机构4还可以包括第四驱动机构,第四驱动机构耦接第四导向部467或第四安装部,以驱动第四安装部在第四导向部467移动而带动第五转动部431相对于底座连杆2移动。当然,当第四安装部上设置有第六转动部时,该第六转动部同理会跟随第四安装部而移动。
上述实施例中,例如在通过手动方式相应转动部位置调节的实施例中,第三导向部465及/或第四导向部467包括滑轨及/或滑槽,示例性的,滑槽或 滑轨可以沿着相应的第二连杆32及/或底座连杆2的长度方向设置。在考虑第二连杆32的重量和重心时,可以考虑第三导向部465对第二连杆32的影响,尤其是,当第三导向部465对第二连杆32的重量和重心存在影响时,由于第三导向部465与第二连杆32之间相对固定,而只调节重量相对于各连杆几乎可忽略不计的第四转动部414时,不会对所期望实现的被动重力补偿产生不利影响。
当然,也可以单独或结合考虑第二弹性机构44的弹性系数k2可被配置成可调。例如,第二弹性机构44可以包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数k2可便于调节。当然,第二弹性机构44通常可选常规的拉伸弹簧或压缩弹簧,而主要通过对距离a2及/或距离b2进行调节。
上述第一驱动机构及/或第二驱动机构的相应配置,可以有效适用于平行四边形机构3远端连接的负载5发生一定程度变化时使用,以更好地对平行四边形机构3进行重力补偿。
上述实施例中,例如在通过自动方式实现相应转动部位置调节的实施例中,各驱动机构例如可以包括直线电机、滚珠丝杠副、齿轮齿条等方式实现。
例如,第一驱动机构、第二驱动机构、第三驱动机构及/或第四驱动机构包括直线电机时,直线电机的定子作为导向部,直线电机的动子作为安装部,该直线电机同时作为导向部、安装部及驱动机构。
又例如,第一驱动机构、第二驱动机构、第三驱动机构及/或第四驱动机构包括滚珠丝杠副时,滚珠丝杠副的丝杠作为导向部,滚珠丝杠副的滑块作为安装部,当然,滚珠丝杠副还包括电机,电机与丝杠耦接以通过驱动丝杠转动带动滑块在丝杠上移动,该滚珠丝杠副同时作为导向部、安装部及驱动机构。
又例如,第一驱动机构、第二驱动机构、第三驱动机构及/或第四驱动机构包括齿轮齿条时,在相应连杆上可设置滑槽作为导向部,并在相应连杆上设置与滑槽或滑轨平行的齿条,齿轮可移动地设置于滑槽且与齿条啮合, 转动部可转动地设置于齿轮上且转动部的转动与齿轮的转动相互独立,通过电机驱动齿轮转动使得齿轮可以在滑槽内移动,在该实施例中,齿轮齿条既作为安装部又作为驱动机构。以该连杆为第二连杆32为例,如图14所示,作为导向部463的滑槽设置在第二连杆32上,在第二驱动机构的齿轮齿条中,齿条471相对于滑槽463平行的设置于第二连杆32上,装设有第四转动部414的齿轮472可移动地设置于滑槽463且与齿条471啮合。
上述实施例中,各驱动机构(第一驱动机构、第二驱动机构、第三驱动机构及/或第四驱动机构)可以由一个或多个控制器进行驱动以对相应距离(a1、b1、a2及/或b2)进行调节,可以对装配误差带来的问题进行修正,也可以对由于负载5情况发生变化带来的问题进行修正,例如可以在负载5的结构发生静态变化时可以进行修正,又例如可以在负载5的状态发生动态变化时可以进行实时修正,进而得以实现较佳的重力平衡效果。
一些实施例中,第一转动机构41中的多个转动部直径相同,例如,第一转动部411、第二转动部412、第三转动部413及第四转动部414的直径相同。
一些实施例中,第二转动机构43中的多个转动部直径相同,例如,第五转动部431、第七转动部433及第八转动部434的直径相同。当然,当第二转动机构43中包括第六转动部时,该第六转动部的直径应当与其它转动部的直径相同。
一些实施例中,平行四边形机构3中相邻两个连杆之间转动的角度范围θ∈(0°,180°),即相邻两个连杆(如第一连杆31和第二连杆32)之间转动的角度不能够达到0°或180°,以避免到达奇异点(奇异点即包括0°和180°这两个奇异点)而导致的无法在所述的第二自由度实现重力补偿。
本申请还提供一种机械臂的安装方法,包括:
提供底座连杆的步骤。
提供具备依次连接的第一连杆、第二连杆、第三连杆及第四连杆的平行四边形机构,将平行四边形机构转动连接于底座连杆的步骤。在该步骤中, 通常可将平行四边形机构围绕底座连杆转动的轴线与第一连杆和第二连杆之间的第一旋转轴线重合设置。
提供转动机构和弹性机构,将转动机构耦接于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的至少一个、及底座连杆,并将弹性机构耦接底座连杆和转动机构的步骤。
根据上述步骤,可以在平行四边形机构对应的一个自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
一些实施例中,转动机构包括第一转动机构,弹性机构包括第一弹性机构。将转动机构分布设置于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的至少一个、及底座连杆,并将弹性机构耦接底座连杆和转动机构的步骤包括:
将第一转动机构耦接于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的一个、及底座连杆,并将第一弹性机构耦接底座连杆和第一转动机构的步骤,以在平行四边形机构关联的一个自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
一些实施例中,转动机构包括第二转动机构,弹性机构包括第二弹性机构。将转动机构分布设置于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的至少一个、及底座连杆,并将弹性机构耦接底座连杆和转动机构的步骤包括:
将第二转动机构耦接于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的另一个、及底座连杆,并将第二弹性机构耦接底座连杆和第二转动机构的步骤,以在平行四边形机构关联的另一个自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
一些实施例中,平行四边形机构包括第一自由度,该第一自由度包括平行四边形机构整体围绕第一旋转轴线转动的自由度。将第一转动机构耦接于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的一个、及底座连杆的步骤包括:
将第一转动机构分布设置于底座连杆和第一连杆的步骤。进而,可以使第一弹性机构在第一自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
一些实施例中,第一转动机构包括第一转动部、第二转动部、第三转动部及第四转动部,第一弹性机构包括第一弹性元件和第一线缆。将第一转动机构耦接于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的一个、及底座连杆,并将第一弹性 机构耦接底座连杆和第一转动机构的步骤包括:
将第一转动部固定连接于底座连杆,将第二转动部与第一转动部同轴设置且第二转动部相对第一转动部可转动,将第三转动部和第四转动部分别转动连接于第一连杆的步骤。
其中,第三转动部的旋转轴线重合第一旋转轴线,第二转动部和第四转动部的旋转轴线分别与第一旋转轴线平行。
将第一弹性元件的第一端连接底座连杆,将第一线缆的第一端固定连接第一转动部,将第一线缆的第二端绕设第二转动部、并经过第三转动部导向、再绕设第四转动部后,连接第一弹性元件的第二端的步骤。
一较佳实施例中,该安装方法还包括:
根据如下公式对第一弹性元件和第一转动机构进行配置。
k1×a1×b1=G1×L1+G3×L3+G4×L4
其中,k1表示第一弹性元件的弹性系数,a1表示第四转动部的旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线的距离,b1表示第三转动部的旋转轴线到第二转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G1表示第一连杆的重力,G3表示第三连杆的重力,G4表示第四连杆的重力,L1表示第一连杆的重心到第一旋转轴线的距离,L3表示第三连杆的重心到第二连杆和第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线的距离,L4表示第四连杆和第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线的距离。
一些实施例中,平行四边形机构包括第二自由度,第二自由度包括平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间转动的自由度,将第二转动机构耦接于第一连杆和第二连杆之中的另一个、及底座连杆,并将第二弹性机构耦接底座连杆和第二转动机构的步骤包括:
将第二转动机构分布设置于底座连杆和第二连杆的步骤。进而,可以使第二弹性机构在第二自由度产生平衡平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
一些实施例中,第二转动机构包括第五转动部、第七转动部及第八转动部,第二弹性机构包括第二弹性元件和第二线缆。将第二转动机构耦接于 第一连杆和第二连杆之中的另一个、及底座连杆,并将第二弹性机构耦接底座连杆和第二转动机构的步骤包括:
将第五转动部固定连接于底座连杆,将第七转动部和第八转动部分别转动连接于第二连杆的步骤。
其中,第七转动部的旋转轴线重合第一旋转轴线,第八转动部的旋转轴线分别与第一旋转轴线平行。
将第二弹性元件的第一端连接底座连杆,将第二线缆的第一端固定连接第五转动部,将第一线缆的第二端经过第七转动部导向、再绕设第八转动部后,连接第二弹性元件的第二端的步骤。
一较佳实施例中,该安装方法还包括:
根据如下公式对第二弹性元件和第二转动机构进行配置。
k2×a2×b2=G2×L2’+G3×L3’+G4×L4’
其中,k2表示第二弹性元件的弹性系数,a2表示第八转动部的旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线的距离,b2表示第七转动部的旋转轴线到第五转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G2表示第二连杆的重力,G3表示第三连杆的重力,G4表示第四连杆的重力,L2’表示第二连杆的重心到第一旋转轴线的距离,L3’表示第二连杆和第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线到第一旋转轴线的距离,L4’表示第四连杆的重心到第四连杆和第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线的距离。
本申请所记载的包括底座连杆、平行四边形机构及重力补偿机构的机械臂适用于多个技术领域的机器人使用,并至少可作为一部分被使用。例如,本申请的机械臂可作为医疗领域的手术机器人的机械臂的至少一部分被使用。例如,例如,本申请的机械臂可作为工业领域的工业机器人的机械臂的至少一部分被使用。
一些实施例中,本申请还提供一种手术机器人,该手术机器人包括主操作台100及由主操作台100控制的从操作设备。主操作台100具有操作部110,医生通过操作(如拖动)操作部110向从操作设备发送包括位姿指令的控制命令,以令操作设备执行该控制命令。
该操作部110包括机械臂。该机械臂110包括底座连杆2’,该机械臂还包括具备依次相互转动连接的第一连杆31’、第二连杆32’、第三连杆33’及第四连杆34’的平行四边形机构3’,该机械臂还包括耦接于该底座连杆2’和平行四边形机构3’之间的重力补偿机构(图未示),由于该机械臂的基本组成部分即底座连杆2’和平行四边形机构3’与上述任一项实施例所述的机械臂1中底座连杆2和平行四边形机构3相当,故对于机械臂110中重力补偿机构的设置可以参照上述任一项实施例中对机械臂1中重力补偿机构4的设置来进行实现,此处不再重复赘述。
在一些实施例中,如图16所示,该机械臂110中平行四边形机构3’远端还可以包括负载130,该负载130具体例如设置于第四连杆34’远端,该负载130可称之为腕部机构,该腕部机构130具备多个自由度,以用于与底座连杆2’和平行四边形机构3’一起协同被操作产生用以控制从操作设备运动的包括位置及/或姿态的控制命令。一些实施例中,该腕部机构130还可以额外具备用以被操作产生用以控制装设于从操作设备上的末端执行器的开合自由度。
一些实施例中,如图15所示,主操作台100可以包括基座140,底座连杆2’可转动地耦接于基座140。
本申请通过在底座连杆2’和平行四边形机构3’之间耦接重力补偿机构,可以较好地平衡平行四边形机构3’的重力矩,由于该方案不同于现有技术采用的配重补偿方式,有效改善了医生操作的手感,即改善了力透明性。另外,由于该方案也不同于现有技术采用的主动补偿方式,不用担心掉电时机械臂坠落的问题,同时有助于节省电力。
对于本申请所述的“负载”进行理解时,图16所示的腕部机构130可以被作为一种具体的示例以便于理解。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种机械臂,其特征在于,包括:
    底座连杆;
    平行四边形机构,包括依次转动连接的第一连杆、第二连杆、第三连杆及第四连杆,所述平行四边形机构转动连接于所述底座连杆,所述平行四边形机构围绕所述底座连杆转动的轴线与所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之间的第一旋转轴线重合,所述平行四边形机构具有所述平行四边形机构整体相对于所述底座连杆转动的自由度、及所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间相互转动的自由度;及
    重力补偿机构,包括转动机构和弹性机构,所述转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的至少一个、及所述底座连杆,所述弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的至少一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述转动机构包括第一转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第一弹性机构,所述第一转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的一个、及所述底座连杆,所述第一弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第一转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩;及/或
    所述转动机构包括第二转动机构,所述弹性机构包括第二弹性机构,所述第二转动机构耦接于所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆之中的另一个、及所述底座连杆,所述第二弹性机构耦接所述底座连杆和所述第二转动机构,以在所述平行四边形机构关联的另一个自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述平行四边形机构包括第一自由度,所述第一自由度包括所述平行四边形机构整体围绕所述第一旋转轴线转动的自由度,所述第一转动机构耦接于所述底座连杆和所述第一连杆,所述第一弹性机构在所述第一自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的 重力矩的补偿力矩。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第一转动机构包括第一转动部、第二转动部、第三转动部及第四转动部,所述第一转动部固定连接于所述底座连杆,所述第二转动部与所述第一转动部同轴设置且所述第二转动部相对所述第一转动部可转动,所述第三转动部和所述第四转动部分别转动连接于所述第一连杆,所述第三转动部的旋转轴线重合所述第一旋转轴线,所述第二转动部和所述第四转动部的旋转轴线分别与所述第一旋转轴线平行;
    所述第一弹性机构包括第一弹性元件和第一线缆,所述第一弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第一线缆的第一端固定连接所述第一转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第二转动部、并经过所述第三转动部导向、再绕设所述第四转动部后,连接所述第一弹性元件的第二端;或,所述第一弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第一线缆的第一端固定连接所述第一转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第四转动部、并经过所述第三转动部导向、再绕设所述第二转动部后,连接所述第一弹性元件的第二端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第三转动部的旋转轴线与所述第二转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线之间的距离中包括至少一个第一待确定参数,所述第一待确定参数基于第一条件和第二条件而确定,所述第一条件包括所述第一连杆的重力、所述第三连杆的重力、所述第四连杆的重力、所述第一连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、所述第三连杆的重心到所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线的距离、及所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,所述第二条件包括所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第三转动部的旋转轴线与所述第二转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线之间的距离中除所述第一待确定参数以外的参数。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第一弹性元件和所 述第一转动机构的配置满足如下公式:
    k1×a1×b1≤G1×L1+G3×L3+G4×L4
    k1表示所述第一弹性元件的弹性系数,a1表示所述第四转动部的旋转轴线与所述第三转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离,b1表示所述第三转动部的旋转轴线到所述第二转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G1表示所述第一连杆的重力,G3表示所述第三连杆的重力,G4表示所述第四连杆的重力,L1表示所述第一连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L3表示所述第三连杆的重心到所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线的距离,L4表示所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的机械臂,其特征在于,第一弹性元件包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数可调、所述第四转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离可调、及/或所述第三转动部的旋转轴线到所述第二转动部的旋转轴线的距离可调。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构包括第一导向部和第一安装部,所述第一导向部设置于所述第一连杆,所述第一安装部可移动地设置于所述第一导向部,所述第四转动部可转动地装设于所述第一安装部;及/或
    所述重力补偿机构包括第二导向部和第二安装部,所述第二导向部设置于所述底座连杆,所述第一转动部固定装设于所述第二安装部,所述第二转动部可转动地装设于所述第二安装部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构还包括第一驱动机构,所述第一驱动机构耦接所述第一导向部或所述第一安装部,以驱动所述第一安装部在所述第一导向部移动而带动所述第四转动部相对于所述第一连杆移动;及/或
    所述重力补偿机构还包括第二驱动机构,所述第二驱动机构耦接所述第二导向部或所述第二安装部,以驱动所述第二安装部在所述第二导向部移动而带动所述第一转动部和所述第二转动部相对于所述底座连杆移动。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述平行四边形机构包括第二自由度,所述第二自由度包括所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间转动的自由度,所述第二转动机构耦接于所述底座连杆和所述第二连杆,所述第二弹性机构在所述第二自由度产生平衡所述平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二转动机构包括第五转动部、第七转动部及第八转动部,所述第五转动部固定连接于所述底座连杆,所述第七转动部和所述第八转动部分别转动连接于所述第二连杆,所述第七转动部的旋转轴线重合所述第一旋转轴线,所述第五转动部和所述第八转动部的旋转轴线分别与所述第一旋转轴线平行;
    所述第二弹性机构包括第二弹性元件和第二线缆,所述第二弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第二线缆的第一端固定连接所述第五转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端经过所述第七转动部导向、再绕设所述第八转动部后,连接所述第二弹性元件的第二端;或,所述第二弹性元件的第一端连接所述底座连杆,所述第二线缆的第一端固定连接所述第五转动部,所述第一线缆的第二端绕设所述第八转动部、并经过所述第七转动部导向后,连接所述第二弹性元件的第二端。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第七转动部的旋转轴线与所述第五转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第八转动部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离中包括至少一个第二待确定参数,所述第二待确定参数基于第三条件和第四条件而确定,所述第三条件包括所述第二连杆的重力、所述第三连杆的重力、所述第四连杆的重力、所述第二连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离、及所述第四连杆的重心到所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线的距离,所述第四条件包括所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数、所述第七转动部的旋转轴线与所述第五转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离、及所述第八转动 部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离中除所述第二待确定参数以外的参数。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二弹性元件和所述第二转动机构的配置满足如下公式:
    k2×a2×b2≥G2×L2’+G3×L3’+G4×L4’
    k2表示所述第二弹性元件的弹性系数,a2表示所述第八转动部的旋转轴线与所述第七转动部的旋转轴线之间的距离,b2表示所述第七转动部的旋转轴线到所述第五转动部的旋转轴线的距离,G2表示所述第二连杆的重力,G3表示所述第三连杆的重力,G4表示所述第四连杆的重力,L2’表示所述第二连杆的重心到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L3’表示所述第二连杆和所述第三连杆之间的第二旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离,L4’表示所述第四连杆的重心到所述第四连杆和所述第一连杆之间的第四旋转轴线的距离。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述第二弹性元件包括变刚度弹簧以实现弹性系数可调、所述第八转动部的旋转轴线到所述第一旋转轴线的距离可调、及/或所述第七转动部的旋转轴线到所述第五转动部的旋转轴线的距离可调。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构包括第三导向部和第三安装部,所述第三导向部设置于所述第二连杆,所述第三安装部可移动地设置于所述第三导向部,所述第八转动部可转动地装设于所述第三安装部;及/或
    所述重力补偿机构包括第四导向部和第四安装部,所述第四导向部设置于所述底座连杆,所述第五转动部固定装设于所述第四安装部。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构还包括第三驱动机构,所述第三驱动机构耦接所述第三导向部或所述第三安装部,以驱动所述第一安装部在所述第一导向部移动而带动所述第八转动部相对于所述第二连杆移动;及/或
    所述重力补偿机构还包括第四驱动机构,所述第四驱动机构耦接所述述 第四导向部或所述第四安装部,以驱动所述第四安装部在所述第四导向部移动而带动所述第五转动部相对于所述底座连杆移动。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述重力补偿机构还包括第一电机,所述第一电机耦接所述第一连杆,以主动补偿所述平行四边形机构整体围绕所述第一旋转轴线转动的自由度上的重力矩;及/或
    所述重力补偿机构还包括第二电机,所述第二电机耦接所述第二连杆,以主动补偿所述平行四边形机构中相邻连杆之间相对转动的自由度上的重力矩。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的机械臂,其特征在于,所述平行四边形机构中相邻两个连杆之间转动的角度范围θ∈(0°,180°);所述平行四边形机构包括连接于所述平行四边形机构远端的负载,所述重力补偿机构还用于产生平衡包括所述负载的平行四边形机构的重力矩的补偿力矩。
  19. 一种主操作台,其特征在于,所述主操作台具有用以产生包括位姿指令的控制命令的操作部,所述操作部包括如权利要求1~18任一项所述的机械臂。
  20. 一种手术机器人,其特征在于,所述手术机器人包括从操作设备和如权利要求19所述的主操作台,所述从操作设备根据所述主操作台发送的控制命令执行相应操作。
PCT/CN2022/126409 2021-10-29 2022-10-20 机械臂、主操作台、手术机器人 Ceased WO2023071906A1 (zh)

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