WO2023074175A1 - 作業機械 - Google Patents
作業機械 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023074175A1 WO2023074175A1 PCT/JP2022/034603 JP2022034603W WO2023074175A1 WO 2023074175 A1 WO2023074175 A1 WO 2023074175A1 JP 2022034603 W JP2022034603 W JP 2022034603W WO 2023074175 A1 WO2023074175 A1 WO 2023074175A1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/264—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
- E02F9/265—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool with follow-up actions (e.g. control signals sent to actuate the work tool)
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
- E02F9/2041—Automatic repositioning of implements, i.e. memorising determined positions of the implement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
- E02F3/437—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like providing automatic sequences of movements, e.g. linear excavation, keeping dipper angle constant
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
- E02F9/262—Surveying the work-site to be treated with follow-up actions to control the work tool, e.g. controller
Definitions
- the present invention relates to work machines that can be automatically operated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an automatic excavator that automatically performs work operations from excavating earth and sand to dumping soil. Specifically, Patent Document 1 discloses that when the excavation depth reaches a set value at a certain excavation position, the next excavation position is automatically moved (changed) in the turning direction of the upper rotating body. It is
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a working machine that can be automatically operated while suppressing the feeling of discomfort given to the operator.
- a work machine that includes a lower traveling body, an upper revolving body, a working device, and a controller.
- the upper revolving body is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body.
- the working device is rotatably attached to the upper revolving body so as to be able to perform a working operation.
- the controller sets target trajectory information, and controls driving of the upper slewing body and the work device so as to cause the upper slewing body and the attachment to perform a target motion in which the controlled part moves according to the target trajectory information.
- the target trajectory information includes a plurality of target points on a target path of the control target portion included in the work device, and the control target portion moving between adjacent target points among the plurality of target points. is the time target.
- the controller changes at least one of a start point and an end point of the plurality of target points of the next target motion when determining that the work including the target motion has reached a predetermined stage, and configured to correct trajectory information;
- the correction of the target trajectory information includes correction of the target point-to-point time based on a change in the new movement amount with respect to the old movement amount.
- the old amount of movement is the amount by which the controlled part moves from the starting point to the end point before at least one of the starting point and the ending point is changed, and the new amount of movement is the amount of movement from the starting point. and the amount by which the controlled portion moves from the start point to the end point after at least one of the end points is changed.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a controller unit mounted on the working machine and elements connected thereto
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a target path of the tip of the bucket in the lifting and turning motion of the working machine
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the target path and target points of the tip of the bucket before the points included in the target path are changed
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an example of the target path and target points of the tip of the bucket after the points have been changed
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the target path and target points of the tip of the bucket after the points have been changed
- 4 is a flow chart showing processing performed by the controller
- FIG. 1 shows a working machine 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the working machine 1 can be operated automatically.
- the work machine 1 is a hydraulic excavator and includes a machine body 25 including a lower travel body 21 and an upper revolving body 22 , a revolving device 24 , an attachment 30 , and a working drive device 40 .
- the lower running body 21 includes a pair of crawlers, and can perform a running operation by moving the pair of crawlers.
- the upper revolving body 22 is mounted on the lower traveling body 21 so as to be able to perform a revolving motion of revolving with respect to the lower traveling body 21 .
- the revolving device 24 is a revolving driving device that causes the upper revolving body 22 to perform the revolving motion.
- the upper revolving body 22 includes a cab (cab) 23 that constitutes the front portion of the upper revolving body 22 .
- the attachment 30 is a working device attached to the upper revolving body 22 so as to be able to perform work operations.
- the work motion includes vertical rotation.
- the attachment 30 includes a boom 31 , an arm 32 and a bucket 33 .
- the boom 31 has a base end portion and a tip end portion on the opposite side, and the base end portion is connected to the upper revolving body 22 so as to be vertically rotatable (up and down).
- the arm 32 has a base end and a tip on the opposite side, and the base end is connected to the tip of the boom 31 so as to be vertically rotatable.
- the bucket 33 is a tip attachment, and is attached to the tip of the arm 32 so as to be rotatable in the front-rear direction, thereby forming the tip of the attachment 30 .
- the bucket 33 has a shape that enables excavation, leveling, and scooping of an object to be excavated such as earth and sand.
- the object to be excavated by the bucket 33 is not limited to earth and sand, and may be stones or waste (industrial waste, etc.).
- the working machine according to the present invention is not limited to the excavating machine, and therefore the work object is not limited to the excavating object.
- the tip attachment that constitutes the tip of the working device according to the present invention is not limited to the bucket 33 that holds earth and sand as described above, but also the grapple that grips the work object and the attachment that adsorbs the work object.
- a holding lifting magnet or the like may be used.
- the work drive device 40 can cause the attachment 30 to perform the work operation by hydraulically moving the attachment 30 .
- the work drive device 40 includes a plurality of hydraulic cylinders each capable of telescopic motion, and the plurality of hydraulic cylinders includes a boom cylinder 41 , an arm cylinder 42 and a bucket cylinder 43 .
- the boom cylinder 41 is arranged so as to rotate the boom 31 in the hoisting direction (vertical direction) with respect to the upper rotating body 22 by performing the telescopic motion.
- the boom cylinder 41 has a base end rotatably connected to the upper rotating body 22 and a tip end rotatably connected to the boom 31 .
- the arm cylinder 42 is arranged so as to vertically rotate the arm 32 with respect to the boom 31 by performing the telescopic motion.
- the arm cylinder 42 has a base end rotatably connected to the boom 31 and a tip end rotatably connected to the arm 32 .
- the bucket cylinder 43 is arranged so as to rotate the bucket 33 with respect to the arm 32 by performing the telescopic motion.
- the bucket cylinder 43 has a base end rotatably connected to the arm 32 and a tip end rotatably connected to the link member 34 .
- the link member 34 is rotatably connected to the bucket 33 and connects the bucket cylinder 43 and the bucket 33 to each other.
- the working machine 1 further includes a turning angle sensor 52 as a turning angle detector and a working attitude detector 60 .
- the turning angle sensor 52 detects the turning angle of the upper turning body 22 with respect to the lower traveling body 21 .
- the turning angle sensor 52 is, for example, an encoder, resolver, or gyro sensor.
- the turning angle of the upper turning body 22 when the front of the upper turning body 22 coincides with the front of the lower traveling body 21 is 0°.
- the working posture detector 60 detects the working posture, which is the posture of the attachment 30, which is the working device. and an angle sensor 63 .
- the boom tilt angle sensor 61 is attached to the boom 31 and detects the attitude of the boom 31 .
- the boom tilt angle sensor 61 is a sensor that acquires the tilt angle of the boom 31 with respect to the horizontal line, and is, for example, a tilt (acceleration) sensor.
- the working posture detector 60 is a rotation angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the boom 31 around a boom foot pin that is a support shaft of the base end of the boom 31, or a rotation angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the boom 31.
- a stroke sensor that detects the stroke of the boom cylinder 41 may be included.
- the arm tilt angle sensor 62 is attached to the arm 32 and detects the posture of the arm 32 .
- the arm tilt angle sensor 62 is a sensor that acquires the tilt angle of the arm 32 with respect to the horizontal line, and is, for example, a tilt (acceleration) sensor.
- the working posture detector 60 is a rotation angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the arm 32 around an arm connecting pin that is a support shaft of the base end of the arm 32, or a rotation angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the arm 32.
- a stroke sensor that detects the stroke of the arm cylinder 42 may be included.
- the bucket tilt angle sensor 63 is attached to the link member 34 and detects the attitude of the bucket 33 .
- the bucket tilt angle sensor 63 is a sensor that acquires the tilt angle of the bucket 33 with respect to the horizontal line, and is, for example, a tilt (acceleration) sensor.
- the working posture detector 60 is a rotation angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the bucket 33 about a bucket connecting pin that is a support shaft at the base end of the bucket 33, or a rotation angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the bucket 33.
- a stroke sensor that detects the stroke of the cylinder 43 may be included. The following description will be made on the case where the bucket 33 is used to excavate earth and sand.
- the work machine 1 includes a control unit 11 and a storage device 13.
- Information detected by the turning angle sensor 52 that is, information on the turning angle (turning posture) of the upper turning body 22 with respect to the lower traveling body 21 is input to the control unit 11 .
- Work posture information is input to the control unit 11, and the work posture information is information relating to the posture detected by the work posture detector 60, that is, the posture of the attachment 30, which is the work device.
- the work attitude information includes information detected by the boom tilt angle sensor 61, that is, information about the attitude of the boom 31, information detected by the arm tilt angle sensor 62, that is, information about the attitude of the arm 32, and information about the attitude of the arm 32. and information detected by the tilt angle sensor 63, that is, information on the posture of the bucket 33.
- the control unit 11 has a function as setting means for setting target trajectory information.
- the target trajectory information includes a plurality of target points and a travel time between target points.
- the plurality of target points are set on the target path of the control target portion of the attachment 30, which is the tip of the bucket 33 in this embodiment.
- the inter-target point travel time is a target value of the time required for the tip of the bucket 33 to move between adjacent target points among the plurality of target points, that is, the target travel time between the target points. .
- the control unit 11 automatically controls the work machine 1.
- the control unit 11 controls driving of the upper swing body 22 and the attachment 30 so as to cause the upper swing body 22 and the attachment 30 to perform a series of operations. That is, the working machine 1 is automatically operated.
- the control unit 11 controls the driving of the upper swing body 22 by the swing device 24 and the operation of the work drive device 40 based on the information detected by the swing angle sensor 52 and the work posture detector 60 .
- the series of operations is an operation of excavating and discharging earth and sand. That is, the series of operations includes an excavation operation of excavating earth and sand with the bucket 33 .
- the control unit 11 controls the driving of the upper swing body 22 and the attachment 30 so that the upper swing body 22 and the attachment 30 perform a target motion in which the tip of the bucket 33 moves according to the target trajectory information. do.
- the target motion is included in the series of motions.
- the series of motions includes an excavation motion, a lifting and turning motion, an earth dumping motion, and a return turning motion, each of which may correspond to a target motion.
- the lifting and turning motion, the soil discharging motion, and the return and turning motion will be described later.
- FIG. 3 shows the target path 71 of the tip of the bucket 33 in the series of operations.
- the excavation operation involves moving the tip of the bucket 33 from point A to point B.
- the lifting and turning motion involves turning the tip of the bucket 33 from the point B to the point C.
- the lifting and turning operation is performed while the earth and sand are held in the bucket 33 .
- the dumping operation involves movement of the tip of the bucket 33 from point C to point D, and rotation of the bucket 33 in the opening direction during this movement.
- the earth and sand are unloaded on the loading platform of the
- the return turning operation involves turning the tip of the bucket 33 from the point D to the point A in the return direction.
- the control target portion according to the present invention is not limited to the tip of the bucket 33 .
- a plurality of target points are set on the target path 71 at the tip of the bucket 33 .
- the target path 71 for a lifting and turning path 71B corresponding to the lifting and turning motion from the point B to the point C, in addition to the point B and the point C which are the starting and ending points, these points Between points B and C, a plurality of intermediate target points 73B are set.
- the target route 71 for an excavation route 71A from point A, which is the start point of the excavation operation, to point B, which is the end point of the operation, in addition to the points A and B, A plurality of intermediate target points 73A are set in between.
- An intermediate target point 73D is set.
- FIG. 4 shows details of the lifting turning path 71B from the point B to the point C.
- the tip of the bucket 33 extends from the starting point B to the first intermediate target point 73B1, the second intermediate target point from the first intermediate target point 73B1.
- the section up to the second intermediate target point 73B2 which is the intermediate target point, the section from the second intermediate target point 73B2 to the third intermediate target point 73B3 which is the third intermediate target point, and the third intermediate target point 73B3 to the point C, which is the end point, is moved with the time between the target points determined for each.
- the same applies to each of the excavation route 71A from the point A to the point B, the earth removal route 71C from the point C to the point D, and the return turning route 71D from the point D to the point A. is.
- the control unit 11 shown in FIG. 2 functions as repeating means for causing the upper rotating body 22 and the attachment 30 to repeat the series of operations. Specifically, the control unit 11 repeats the series of operations while changing the height of the tip of the bucket 33 during the excavation operation. As a result, a series of operations from excavation of earth and sand to unloading of earth and sand are repeated while changing the depth of excavation of earth and sand at the same excavation location.
- the storage device 13 constitutes a controller together with the control unit 11 and stores the series of operations.
- the series of operations is set by, for example, teaching by an operator.
- the part to be controlled of the attachment 30 which is the tip of the attachment 30 and the tip of the bucket 33 in this embodiment, moves along the target path 71 .
- the control unit 11 functions as limit depth setting means for setting the limit depth.
- the limit depth is a limit value set for the excavation depth
- the excavation depth is the depth at which earth and sand are excavated by the bucket 33 . As described above, the series of operations from excavation of earth and sand to unloading is repeated while changing the excavation depth.
- the control unit 11 determines that the work by repeating the series of operations has reached a predetermined stage when the excavation depth in the excavation operation reaches the limit depth.
- the control unit 11 terminates the repetition of the series of operations at the same excavation location when it determines that the work by repeating the series of operations has reached the predetermined stage.
- the control unit 11 or the storage device 13 stores a target number of repetitions, which is the number of times the series of operations should be repeated, and when the number of repetitions of the series of operations reaches the target number of repetitions, the series of operations is repeated.
- the control unit 11 may be configured to determine that the repeated work has reached a predetermined stage.
- the control unit 11 When the control unit 11 determines that the work by repeating the series of operations reaches the predetermined stage, the control unit 11 shifts the excavation operation starting point from the point A shown in FIG. change to the starting point of This change is made in the turning direction of the upper turning body 22 .
- a change in the swing direction of the upper swing structure 22 from the point A to the next new starting point is accompanied by a change from the point B to the next new ending point. This is because the excavation operation is performed without revolving the upper revolving body 22 . Changing the starting point allows the sequence of operations to be repeated at a new excavation site.
- the lifting turning path 71B shown in FIG. The section from the point 73B1 to the next second intermediate target point 73B2, the section from the second intermediate target point 73B2 to the next third intermediate target point 73B3, and the end point from the third intermediate target point 73B3.
- the driving of the upper rotating body 22 and the attachment 30 is controlled so that the tip of the bucket 33 moves through the section up to the point C in one second.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of changing the plurality of target points for the lifting turning path 71B.
- the starting point is changed from point B shown in FIG. 4 to point B'.
- This change is a 30° change in the turning direction of the upper turning body 22 in the path expansion direction, and the path expansion direction is a direction away from the point C where the start point is the end point.
- the control unit 11 moves the target path of the tip of the bucket 33 from the point B', which is the starting point after the change, to the point C, that is, on the changed lifting and turning path 71B.
- first to third intermediate target points 73B1, 73B2, and 73B3 new first intermediate target points 75B1, second intermediate target points 75B2, and third intermediate target points 75B3 corresponding to these are newly set. That is, the first to third intermediate target points 73B1 to 73B3 are changed to the first to third intermediate target points 75B1 to 75B3, respectively.
- the control unit 11 controls the upper slewing body 22 so that the tip of the bucket 33 moves the distance between adjacent target points among the new target points B'75B1 to 75B3,C with the time between the respective target points. controls the turning motion of the In FIG.
- the new first to third intermediate target points 75B1 to 7353 after change are indicated by black circles, and the first to third intermediate target points 73B1 to 73B3 before change are indicated by white circles.
- the target points adjacent to each other are The distance is greater than the distance between the multiple target points before the change.
- the time between the target points set for each interval between the target points adjacent to each other among the plurality of target points after the change is equal to the time between the target points before the change (for example, 1 second). If so, the tip of the bucket 33 must move between adjacent target points among the plurality of target points after the change at a higher speed than before the change. This may make the movement of the upper revolving body 22 and the attachment 30 abrupt and make the operator around the working machine 1 feel uneasy.
- the control unit 11 functions as correction means for correcting the target trajectory information. Specifically, the control unit 11 corrects the target point-to-point time based on the change in the new movement amount with respect to the old movement amount so as to suppress the change in the speed of the bucket 33 that accompanies the change.
- the old movement amount is the amount by which the control target portion of the attachment 30 (in this embodiment, the tip of the bucket 33 in this embodiment) moves from the point B, which is the starting point before the change, to the point C, which is the ending point.
- the new movement amount is the amount by which the controlled portion moves from the point B', which is the starting point after the change, to the point C.
- the control unit 11 functions as calculation means for calculating the ratio between the old movement amount and the new movement amount.
- the control unit 11 calculates the turning angle difference ratio ⁇ .
- the turning angle of the upper turning body 22 corresponding to the point B which is the starting point before the change is 0°
- the turning angle of the upper turning body 22 corresponding to the ending point C is -80°
- the control unit 11 corrects the target point-to-point time based on the turning angle difference ratio ⁇ thus calculated. Specifically, the control unit 11 changes the time between the target points of 1 second before the change of the starting point to 1.375 seconds with the change of the starting point from the point B to the point B'. corrected to
- the control unit 11 moves the tip of the bucket 33 between adjacent target points among the plurality of newly set target points B', 75B1, 75B2, 75B3, and C, respectively, between the corrected target points.
- the upper revolving body 22 is given the same sense of speed as before the change of the starting point. and the attachment 30 can be operated, that is, the changed lifting and turning motion can be performed. This suppresses the movement of the upper revolving body 22 or the attachment 30 from becoming steep due to the change in the starting point, and suppresses the worker around the work machine 1 from feeling uneasy.
- FIG. 6 shows another example of the lifting turning path 71B after the starting point is changed from the point B to the point B' and the first to third intermediate target points 75B1 to 75B3 after the change.
- the point B shown in FIG. 4 is changed to a point B', and this change is a 30° change in the turning direction of the upper turning body 22 in a direction approaching the point C.
- the control unit 11 controls the movement of the bucket 33 between the point B', which is the starting point after the change, and the point C, which is the ending point.
- a new first intermediate target point 75B1, a second intermediate target point 75B2 and a third intermediate target point 75B3 are set on the target path of the tip, that is, the lifting turning path 71B.
- the newly set first to third intermediate target points 75B1 to 75B3 are indicated by black circles
- the previously set first to third intermediate target points 73B1 to 73B3 are indicated by white circles.
- the distance between mutually adjacent target points among the plurality of newly set target points B′, 75B1 to 75B3, C is the same as the distance between mutually adjacent target points among the plurality of previously set target points B, 73B1 to 73B3, C. less than the distance between the target points.
- the distance between the target points is maintained at 1 second regardless of the change from point B to point B', that is, the section from point B' to the first intermediate target point 75B1, the section from the first intermediate target point 75B1 to the first intermediate target point 75B1, and
- the tip of the bucket 33 is 1 Assuming that control is performed to move in seconds, the distance between the target points adjacent to each other is reduced by the change, so the speed at which the tip of the bucket 33 moves slows down. In this case, since the movements of the upper rotating body 22 and the attachment 30 do not become steep, there is little possibility that the workers around the working machine 1 will feel uneasy. A decrease in speed gives the operator a sense of discomfort and reduces work efficiency.
- the control unit 11 corrects the target point-to-point time based on the turning angle difference ratio ⁇ thus calculated. Specifically, the control unit 11 corrects 1 second, which is the time between the target points before the change of the start point, to 0.625 seconds according to the change.
- the control unit 11 causes the tip of the bucket 33 to move between adjacent target points among the plurality of newly set target points B', 75B1, 75B2, 75B3, and C in 0.625 seconds.
- the upper revolving body 22 and the attachment 30 are operated so as to give the operator a sense of speed equivalent to that before the point B is changed. can be done.
- the lifting and turning motion is changed, but the same applies to the case where any one of the excavating motion, the earth dumping motion, and the return turning motion is changed.
- the control unit 11 functions as range setting means for setting an allowable range 80 as shown in FIGS.
- the allowable range 80 is set for the range of work performed by the attachment 30 .
- the control unit 11 changes the target point, for example, sets the changed starting point within the allowable range 80 set in advance. This prevents the attachment 30 from deviating from the allowable range 80 due to the change in the target motion, and prevents the attachment 30 from interfering with an obstacle or the like outside the allowable range 80 due to the target motion. can be done.
- control unit 11 functions as upper limit speed setting means for setting a target upper limit speed for the speed of the tip of the bucket 33, which is the part to be controlled of the attachment 30, and also functions as an upper limit speed setting means for setting the tip of the bucket 33 of the attachment 30. moves at a speed equal to or lower than the target upper limit speed. If the corrected inter-target point-to-point time is too short, the moving speed of the tip of the bucket 33 becomes excessively high, which may make a worker around the working machine 1 feel uneasy. Correction of the target point-to-point time such that the attachment 30 is operated at a speed equal to or lower than the target upper limit speed can preferably suppress anxiety given to workers around the work machine 1 .
- point C which is the ending point
- point C may be changed to another point.
- both the starting point and the ending point of the lifting and turning motion may be changed. Since the point C is also the starting point of the unloading operation, changing the point C, which is the end point of the lifting and turning operation, causes the series of operations to be repeated at a new unloading point.
- the change of at least one of the points A to D is not limited to the change in the turning direction of the upper turning body 22 as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
- the change may be a change in the orientation of the attachment 30 or a change in the running direction of the lower running body 21 .
- the correction of the target point-to-point time is not limited to that based on the ratio of the new movement amount to the old movement amount.
- the correction of the target point-to-point time may be performed using, for example, a map prepared in advance by associating the movement amount of the attachment 30 with the target point-to-point time.
- the working machine according to the present invention is not limited to the working machine 1 having the bucket 33 for excavating earth and sand as described above.
- the invention can also be applied, for example, to a working machine provided with another tip attachment, such as a lifting magnet, instead of the bucket 33 .
- the target motion can include a pick-up motion, and the pick-up motion holds the object (attracts the object by magnetic force in the case of the lifting magnet) and lifts the object. It is action.
- the work machine performs a series of operations including the pick-up operation, for example, an operation of picking up an object such as scrap iron with the lifting magnet and an operation of discharging the held object onto a dump truck bed.
- the controller performs the operation for the work while changing the height of the tip attachment, for example, the lifting magnet, which is attached to the tip of the working device instead of the bucket 33 (lifting and lowering of the lifting magnet).
- the controller is arranged to cause the working device to repeat.
- the controller provided for the working machine having the tip attachment with the lifting magnet or other holding function is configured to set a limit height.
- the limit height is a limit value set for the height of the tip attachment in a pick-up operation of holding and picking up an object. The controller determines that the repetitive work has reached a predetermined stage when the height of the tip attachment reaches the limit height, and moves the starting point of the pick-up operation.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the processing performed by the control unit 11 to control the operations shown in FIGS. 4-6.
- control unit 11 causes the upper rotating body 22 and the attachment 30 to perform the series of operations (step S1). In this series of operations, the control unit 11 determines whether or not the depth during excavation has reached the limit depth (step S2).
- step S2 when it is determined that the depth during excavation has not reached the limit depth (NO in step S2), the control unit 11 changes the excavation depth (step S3), and then (step S1). In this manner, the series of operations described above is repeated while changing the height of the tip of the bucket 33 during the excavation operation.
- step S2 When it is determined that the depth during excavation has reached the limit depth (YES in step S2), the control unit 11 sets the start point (point A) of the excavation operation included in the series of operations to the upper part.
- the turning direction of the turning body 22 is changed (step S4). This change involves changing the starting point of the lifting pivoting motion from point B to point B'.
- the control unit 11 controls the section from the point B', which is the changed starting point, to the first intermediate target point 75B1, the section from the first intermediate target point 75B1 to the second intermediate target point, and 75B2, the section from the second intermediate target point 75B2 to the third intermediate target point 75B3, and the section from the third intermediate target point 75B3 to the end point C, the tip of the bucket 33 moves.
- step S5 The correction of the target point-to-point time is preferably performed so that the attachment 30 moves at a speed equal to or lower than the target upper limit speed. After such correction of the target point-to-point time, the series of operations described above is repeated at a new excavation location (step S1).
- a working machine that includes a lower traveling body, an upper rotating body, a working device, and a controller.
- the upper revolving body is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body.
- the working device is rotatably attached to the upper revolving body so as to be able to perform a working operation.
- the controller sets target trajectory information, and controls driving of the upper slewing body and the work device so as to cause the upper slewing body and the attachment to perform a target motion in which the controlled portion moves according to the target trajectory information.
- the target trajectory information includes a plurality of target points on a target path of the control target portion included in the work device, and the control target portion moving between adjacent target points among the plurality of target points. is the time target.
- the controller is configured to change at least one of a start point and an end point of the next target motion and correct the target trajectory information when determining that the work including the target motion has reached a predetermined stage. be done.
- Correction of the target trajectory information includes correction of the target point-to-point time based on a change in the new movement amount with respect to the old movement amount.
- the old movement amount is an amount by which the control target part moves from the start point to the end point before at least one of the start point and the end point is changed, and the new movement amount is the start point. and the amount by which the controlled portion moves from the start point to the end point after at least one of the end points is changed.
- the controller corrects the target point-to-point time based on a change in the new movement amount with respect to the old movement amount of the control target portion.
- the controller is configured to, for example, calculate a ratio between the old movement amount and the new movement amount and correct the target point-to-point time based on the calculated ratio.
- the controller is configured to change at least one of the start point and the end point within an allowable range set for the range of work performed by the work device. This prevents the work device from deviating from the allowable range due to the change, thereby preventing the work device from interfering with obstacles that exist outside the allowable range regardless of the change. be able to.
- the controller is configured to correct the target point-to-point time so that the controlled portion moves at a speed equal to or lower than a target upper limit speed set for the speed of the controlled portion of the working device. is preferred. This means that the time between the target points after the correction is too short and the speed of movement of the control target portion between the target points is too high, which makes the operator around the work machine 1 feel uneasy. Giving can be restrained.
- the controller is configured to cause the upper revolving structure and the work device to repeat a series of operations including the target operation, wherein the series of operations includes an excavation operation of excavating earth and sand with the work apparatus, and the controller is configured to repeat the series of operations while changing the height of the tip of the work device in the excavation operation, and the controller determines that the excavation depth, which is the depth at which earth and sand are excavated, is about the excavation depth. It is preferable that the starting point of the excavation operation in the next series of operations is changed when a limit depth, which is a set limit value, is reached. This allows the excavation operation to continue while changing the excavation location.
- the series of operations includes a pick-up operation of holding and picking up an object with the work device, and the controller changes the height of the tip of the attachment in the pick-up operation while changing the height of the top end of the attachment.
- the controller is configured to cause the device to repeat the series of motions, and the controller performs the next step when the height of the work device in the pick-up motion reaches a limit height, which is a limit value set for the height. It is also preferred to be configured to change the starting point of the pick-up motion in the sequence of motions. This makes it possible to continue picking up the object while changing the position at which the object is picked up.
- the controller stores a target number of repetitions, which is the number of times a series of operations including the target operation should be repeated by the upper rotating body and the work device, and the series of operations is repeated for the target number of times.
- a target number of repetitions which is the number of times a series of operations including the target operation should be repeated by the upper rotating body and the work device, and the series of operations is repeated for the target number of times.
- at least one of the start point and the end point of the next series of actions is sometimes changed. Storing the target number of repetitions for the series of actions makes it possible to easily determine the timing for transitioning to the next series of actions.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る作業機械1を示す。前記作業機械1は、自動運転されることが可能である。前記作業機械1は、油圧ショベルであり、下部走行体21と上部旋回体22とを含む機械本体25と、旋回装置24と、アタッチメント30と、作業駆動装置40と、を備える。
前記持ち上げ旋回動作の開始点の変更(点Bから点B′への変更)に代えて終了点である点Cが他の点に変更されてもよい。あるいは、前記持ち上げ旋回動作の開始点及び終了点の双方が変更されてもよい。前記点Cは、前記排土動作の開始点でもあるから、前記持ち上げ旋回動作の終了点である前記点Cの変更は新たな排土個所で前記一連の動作が繰り返されることを生じさせる。
Claims (7)
- 下部走行体と、
前記下部走行体に旋回可能に搭載される上部旋回体と、
作業動作を行うことが可能となるように前記上部旋回体に回動可能に取り付けられる作業装置と、
目標軌道情報を設定し、前記目標軌道情報に従って前記制御対象部位が移動する目標動作を前記上部旋回体及び前記作業装置に行わせるように、前記上部旋回体および前記作業装置の駆動を制御するコントローラと、を備え、前記目標軌道情報は、前記作業装置に含まれる制御対象部位の目標経路上の複数の目標点、および、前記複数の目標点のうち互いに隣り合う目標点どうしの間で前記制御対象部位が移動する時間の目標値である目標点間時間、を含み、
前記コントローラは、前記目標動作を含む作業が所定段階に達したと判定したときに次の前記目標動作の前記複数の目標点のうちの開始点および終了点の少なくとも一方を変更し、かつ、前記目標軌道情報を補正するように構成され、
前記目標軌道情報の補正は、旧移動量に対する新移動量の変化に基づく前記目標点間時間の補正を含み、前記旧移動量は、前記開始点および前記終了点の少なくとも一方が変更される前に当該開始点から当該終了点まで前記制御対象部位が移動する量であり、前記新移動量は、前記開始点および前記終了点の少なくとも一方が変更された後に前記開始点から前記終了点まで前記制御対象部位が移動する量である、作業機械。 - 請求項1に記載の作業機械であって、前記コントローラは、前記旧移動量に対する前記新移動量の比率を算出し、前記比率に基づいて前記目標点間時間を補正するように構成されている、作業機械。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の作業機械であって、前記コントローラは、前記作業装置により行われる作業の範囲について設定された許容範囲内で前記開始点および前記終了点の少なくとも一方の変更を行うように構成されている、作業機械。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の作業機械であって、前記コントローラは、前記作業装置の前記制御対象部位の速度について設定された目標上限速度以下の速度で前記制御対象部位が移動するように前記目標点間時間の補正を行うように構成されている、作業機械。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の作業機械であって、前記コントローラは、前記目標動作を含む一連の動作を前記上部旋回体及び前記作業装置に繰り返させるように構成され、前記一連の動作は、前記作業装置で土砂を掘削する掘削動作を含み、前記コントローラは、前記掘削動作において前記作業装置の先端の高さを変えながら前記一連の動作を繰り返させるように構成され、前記コントローラは、前記掘削動作により土砂が掘削される深さである掘削深さが当該掘削深さについて設定された制限値である制限深さに達したときに次の前記一連の動作における前記掘削動作の開始点を変更するように構成されている、作業機械。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の作業機械であって、前記コントローラは、前記目標動作を含む一連の動作を前記上部旋回体及び前記作業装置に繰り返させるように構成され、前記一連の動作は、前記作業装置で対象物を保持して拾い上げる拾い上げ動作を含み、前記コントローラは、前記拾い上げ動作における前記作業装置の先端の高さを変更しながら前記上部旋回体及び前記作業装置に前記一連の動作を繰り返させるように構成され、前記コントローラは、前記拾い上げ動作における前記作業装置の高さが当該高さについて設定された制限値である制限高さに達したときに次の前記一連の動作における前記拾い上げ動作の開始点を変更するように構成されている、作業機械。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の作業機械であって、前記コントローラは、前記目標動作を含む一連の動作を前記上部旋回体及び前記作業装置に繰り返させるべき回数である目標繰り返し回数を格納し、かつ、前記一連の動作が前記目標繰り返し回数だけ繰り返されたときに次の前記一連の動作における前記開始点および前記終了点の少なくとも一方を変更するように構成されている作業機械。
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| EP22886509.3A EP4394132B1 (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2022-09-15 | Work machine |
| US18/701,864 US20250067027A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2022-09-15 | Work machine |
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| WO2025127202A1 (ko) * | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-19 | 볼보 컨스트럭션 이큅먼트 에이비 | 굴착기를 제어하는 방법 및 시스템 |
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| US20250067027A1 (en) | 2025-02-27 |
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