WO2023075443A1 - 무선 통신 시스템에서 무선 신호 송수신 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
무선 통신 시스템에서 무선 신호 송수신 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023075443A1 WO2023075443A1 PCT/KR2022/016557 KR2022016557W WO2023075443A1 WO 2023075443 A1 WO2023075443 A1 WO 2023075443A1 KR 2022016557 W KR2022016557 W KR 2022016557W WO 2023075443 A1 WO2023075443 A1 WO 2023075443A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/21—Monitoring or handling of messages
- H04L51/226—Delivery according to priorities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/58—Message adaptation for wireless communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
- H04W28/0236—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
- H04W88/184—Messaging devices, e.g. message centre
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a wireless signal.
- a wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (eg, bandwidth, transmission power, etc.).
- multiple access systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) system.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency
- MC-FDMA division multiple access
- MC-FDMA multi carrier frequency division multiple access
- SL refers to a communication method in which a direct link is established between user equipments (UEs) and voice or data is directly exchanged between the terminals without passing through a base station (BS).
- UEs user equipments
- BS base station
- the SL is being considered as a method for solving the burden of the base station due to rapidly increasing data traffic.
- V2X vehicle-to-everything refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, infrastructure-built objects, etc. through wired/wireless communication.
- V2X can be divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian).
- V2X communication may be provided through a PC5 interface and/or a Uu interface (interface between User Equipment and Radio Network System).
- next-generation radio access technology taking into account the above may be referred to as new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR).
- RAT new radio access technology
- NR new radio
- V2X vehicle-to-everything
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for easily managing QoS based on a QoS priority level of a terminal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently performing a process of transmitting and receiving a radio signal.
- a method for operating a first device in a wireless communication system includes transmitting setting information for direct device-to-device communication to a second device, and includes a header and a payload.
- a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about a quality of service (QoS) level of the second device.
- QoS quality of service
- a first device operating in a wireless communication system is operatively connected to at least one radio frequency (RF) unit, at least one processor, and at least one processor, and when executed, at least one Includes at least one computer memory that causes a processor of to perform an operation, wherein the operation transmits setting information for direct communication between devices to a second device, and includes a header and a payload and receiving a message from a second device, wherein the header includes an extension flag field including a plurality of bits and an extension data field corresponding to each of the data types identified in the extension flag field, and includes a second device included in the header.
- a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about a quality of service (QoS) level of the device.
- QoS quality of service
- a method for operating a second device in a wireless communication system includes receiving setting information for direct device-to-device communication from the first device, and including a header and a payload. and transmitting a message to a first device, wherein the header includes an extension flag field including a plurality of bits and an extension data field corresponding to each of the data types identified in the extension flag field, A transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about a quality of service (QoS) level of the second device.
- QoS quality of service
- a second device operating in a wireless communication system is operatively connected to at least one radio frequency (RF) unit, at least one processor, and at least one processor, and when executed, at least one Includes at least one computer memory that causes a processor of to perform an operation, wherein the operation receives setting information for direct communication between devices from the first device, and includes a header and a payload and transmitting the message to the first device, wherein the header includes an extension flag field including a plurality of bits and an extension data field corresponding to each of the data types identified in the extension flag field, and a second A transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about a quality of service (QoS) level of the device.
- QoS quality of service
- an apparatus operating in a wireless communication system includes at least one processor, and at least one processor operatively connected to the at least one processor and causing the at least one processor to perform an operation when executed.
- a computer memory wherein the operation includes transmitting setting information for direct device-to-device communication to a second device and receiving a message including a header and a payload from the second device.
- the header includes an extension flag field including a plurality of bits and an extension data field corresponding to each of the data types identified in the extension flag field, and relates to a Quality of Service (QoS) level of the second device included in the header. Based on the information, a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted.
- QoS Quality of Service
- a computer readable storage medium includes at least one computer program that, when executed, causes at least one processor to perform an operation, wherein the operation transmits setting information for direct communication between devices to a second device. and receiving a message including a header and a payload from a second device, wherein the header includes an extension flag field including a plurality of bits and data identified in the extension flag field.
- An extension data field corresponding to each type may be included, and a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about a quality of service (QoS) level of the second device included in the header.
- QoS quality of service
- the QoS level of the second device depends on at least one of a degree of danger of an area where the second device is located, a distance between the second device and a road, and a strength of a signal generated in an area adjacent to the second device. can be determined based on
- the risk level of the area where the second device is located is determined based on a preset priority map, and the priority map is divided based on at least one of the number of vehicles running and the frequency of accidents. Information on a plurality of areas may be included.
- one or more threshold values are set based on the distance from the road, and a QoS level of the second device is determined based on a result of comparing the one or more threshold values with a distance between the second device and the road.
- the strength of a signal generated in an area adjacent to the second device may include at least one of a voice signal of a frequency band generated from a vehicle and a radio signal of a frequency band used in communication between devices.
- the QoS level of the second device may be determined based on a result of comparing signal strength with one or more predetermined threshold values.
- the QoS level of the second device may include one level among a plurality of levels according to risk levels.
- one bit of the plurality of bits is a bit for identifying whether or not information on the QoS level of the second device exists, and the extended data field corresponding to the one bit is the second device. It can represent the value of the QoS level of
- information about the QoS level of the second device may be obtained based on a header without decoding a payload.
- a transmission period of a message transmitted from the first device to the second device may be adjusted based on information about the QoS level of the second device.
- a transmission period of a message transmitted from the second device to the first device may be adjusted based on information about the QoS level of the second device.
- the method according to an embodiment may further include transmitting information for adjusting a transmission period of the message to the second device.
- the method according to an embodiment includes the steps of checking a QoS state of a network, and transmitting a threshold level for adjusting a transmission period of a message to a second device based on the fact that the QoS state of the network is less than or equal to a preset level. can include more.
- the first device may include a server controlling device-to-device communication
- the second device may include a terminal performing device-to-device communication
- the header may further include an additional extension flag field, and the flag field may further include a bit indicating whether the additional extension flag field exists.
- QoS can be easily managed based on the QoS priority level of the UE.
- the network load can be reduced by adjusting at least one of downlink and uplink transmission based on the QoS priority level of the UE.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining and comparing V2X communication based on RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR
- FIG 2 shows the structure of an LTE system that can be applied.
- 3 shows the structure of the NR system.
- FIG. 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.
- 5 shows a slot structure of an NR frame.
- FIG. 6 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication.
- FIG. 7 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.
- FIG. 8 shows a resource unit for V2X or SL communication.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an ITS station reference architecture.
- 10 is an exemplary structure of an ITS station that can be designed and applied based on a reference structure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example to which the proposed method can be applied.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of a terminal and a server according to the proposed method.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an existing priority map is set.
- 15 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a QoS priority is determined based on a distance between a road and a terminal.
- 16 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a QoS priority is determined based on the strength of a signal generated from a vehicle.
- 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of generating a message (or V2X message) including a QoS priority level.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a method of adjusting a cycle of a message transmitted to a server based on a QoS priority level of a terminal.
- 19 is a diagram showing the flow of messages according to the proposed method.
- 20 is a diagram illustrating a method for adjusting a period in which a server transmits a message based on a QoS priority level of a terminal.
- 21 is a diagram showing a message flow according to the proposed method.
- 22 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the first device according to the proposed embodiment.
- 25 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.
- 26 shows another example of a wireless device applied to the present invention.
- FIG. 27 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
- CDMA may be implemented with a radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000.
- TDMA may be implemented with a radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE).
- GSM global system for mobile communications
- GPRS general packet radio service
- EDGE enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
- OFDMA may be implemented with a wireless technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), and the like.
- IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, and provides backward compatibility with a system based on IEEE 802.16e.
- UTRA is part of the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).
- 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) that uses evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), adopting OFDMA in downlink and SC in uplink -Adopt FDMA.
- LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.
- 5G NR a successor to LTE-A, is a new clean-slate mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability.
- 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, medium-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.
- LTE-A or 5G NR is mainly described, but the technical idea of the embodiment (s) is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining and comparing V2X communication based on RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR
- V2X communication RAT prior to NR provides safety services based on V2X messages such as BSM (Basic Safety Message), CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message), and DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message) This has been mainly discussed.
- the V2X message may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, and the like.
- a UE may transmit a CAM of a periodic message type and/or a DENM of an event triggered message type to another UE.
- the CAM may include basic vehicle information such as vehicle dynamic state information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route details.
- the terminal may broadcast CAM, and the latency of CAM may be less than 100 ms.
- a terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to another terminal.
- all vehicles within the transmission range of the UE can receive CAM and/or DENM.
- DENM may have a higher priority than CAM.
- V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, and the like.
- vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles belonging to the group may receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles belonging to the group may shorten or widen the distance between vehicles using periodic data.
- vehicles can be semi-automated or fully automated.
- each vehicle may adjust trajectories or maneuvers based on data obtained from local sensors of proximate vehicles and/or proximate logical entities.
- each vehicle may mutually share driving intention with nearby vehicles.
- raw data or processed data obtained through local sensors, or live video data may be used for vehicles, logical entities, terminals of pedestrians, and / or may be interchanged between V2X application servers.
- a vehicle can recognize an environment that is more advanced than an environment that can be sensed using its own sensors.
- a remote driver or V2X application may operate or control the remote vehicle.
- a route can be predicted such as in public transportation
- cloud computing-based driving may be used to operate or control the remote vehicle.
- access to a cloud-based back-end service platform can be considered for remote driving.
- E-UTRAN Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- the E-UTRAN includes a base station (BS) 20 that provides a control plane and a user plane to the terminal 10.
- the terminal 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), and a wireless device.
- the base station 20 refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal 10, and may be called other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), and an access point.
- eNB evolved-NodeB
- BTS base transceiver system
- Base stations 20 may be connected to each other through an X2 interface.
- the base station 20 is connected to an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 30 through the S1 interface, and more specifically, to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) through the S1-MME and a Serving Gateway (S-GW) through the S1-U.
- EPC Evolved Packet Core
- MME Mobility Management Entity
- S-GW Serving Gateway
- the EPC 30 is composed of an MME, an S-GW, and a Packet Data Network-Gateway (P-GW).
- the MME has access information of the terminal or information about the capabilities of the terminal, and this information is mainly used for mobility management of the terminal.
- the S-GW is a gateway with E-UTRAN as an endpoint
- the P-GW is a gateway with PDN as endpoint.
- the layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between the terminal and the network are based on the lower 3 layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems, It can be divided into L2 (second layer) and L3 (third layer).
- OSI Open System Interconnection
- the physical layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service using a physical channel
- the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in the third layer provides radio resources between the terminal and the network. plays a role in controlling To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.
- 3 shows the structure of the NR system.
- the NG-RAN may include a gNB and/or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to a UE.
- 7 illustrates a case including only gNB.
- gNB and eNB are connected to each other through an Xn interface.
- the gNB and the eNB are connected to a 5G Core Network (5GC) through an NG interface.
- 5GC 5G Core Network
- AMF access and mobility management function
- UPF user plane function
- FIG. 4 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR.
- radio frames can be used in uplink and downlink transmission in NR.
- a radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frame, HF).
- a half-frame may include five 1ms subframes (Subframes, SFs).
- a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS).
- SCS subcarrier spacing
- Each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).
- CP cyclic prefix
- each slot may include 14 symbols.
- each slot may include 12 symbols.
- the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol), a Single Carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or a Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).
- OFDM symbol or CP-OFDM symbol
- SC-FDMA Single Carrier-FDMA
- DFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM
- Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N slot symb ), the number of slots per frame ((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS setting (u) when the normal CP is used.
- the number ((N subframe, u slot ) is exemplified.
- Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when the extended CP is used.
- OFDM (A) numerology eg, SCS, CP length, etc.
- a numerology eg, SCS, CP length, etc.
- TU Time Unit
- multiple numerologies or SCSs to support various 5G services can be supported. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, wide area in traditional cellular bands can be supported, and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency latency and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. When the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.
- An NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges.
- the two types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2.
- the number of frequency ranges may be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges may be shown in Table 3 below.
- FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range”
- FR2 may mean “above 6 GHz range” and may be called millimeter wave (mmW).
- mmW millimeter wave
- FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, and may be used, for example, for vehicle communication (eg, autonomous driving).
- a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.
- a carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- a resource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) there is.
- a carrier may include up to N (eg, 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed through an activated BWP.
- Each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped.
- RE resource element
- a radio interface between a terminal and a terminal or a radio interface between a terminal and a network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer.
- the L1 layer may mean a physical layer.
- the L2 layer may mean at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer.
- the L3 layer may mean an RRC layer.
- V2X or SL (sidelink) communication will be described.
- FIG. 6 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 6 shows a user plane protocol stack of NR, and (b) of FIG. 6 shows a control plane protocol stack of NR.
- SL synchronization signal Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS
- SLSS Segment Synchronization Signal
- the SLSS is a SL-specific sequence and may include a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS).
- PSSS may be referred to as a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS)
- S-SSS sidelink secondary synchronization signal
- S-SSS sidelink secondary synchronization signal
- length-127 M-sequences can be used for S-PSS
- length-127 Gold-sequences can be used for S-SSS.
- the UE can detect an initial signal using S-PSS and acquire synchronization.
- the terminal may obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.
- PSBCH Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel
- PSBCH Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel
- the basic information includes SLSS-related information, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL/Time Division Duplex Uplink/Downlink (TDD UL/DL) configuration, resource pool-related information, types of applications related to SLSS, It may be a subframe offset, broadcast information, and the like.
- the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits including a 24-bit CRC.
- S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format (eg, SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)) supporting periodic transmission.
- the S-SSB may have the same numerology (ie, SCS and CP length) as a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH)/Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) in a carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be a (pre)set SL Sidelink BWP (Sidelink Channel). BWP).
- the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 Resource Blocks (RBs).
- PSBCH may span 11 RBs.
- the frequency position of the S-SSB may be set (in advance). Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection in frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.
- the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS.
- the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal.
- the S-SSB transmission period may be 160 ms.
- an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported.
- the transmitting terminal may transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one, two or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.
- the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.
- the transmitting terminal sends 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. can transmit.
- the structure of the S-SSB transmitted from the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may be different according to the CP type.
- the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP).
- NCP Normal CP
- ECP Extended CP
- the number of symbols mapping the PSBCH in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8.
- the CP type is ECP
- the number of symbols mapping the PSBCH in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6.
- a PSBCH may be mapped to a first symbol in an S-SSB transmitted by a transmitting terminal.
- a receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform an automatic gain control (AGC) operation in the first symbol period of the S-SSB.
- AGC automatic gain control
- FIG. 7 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.
- terminal in V2X or SL communication may mainly mean a user's terminal.
- the base station may also be regarded as a kind of terminal.
- terminal 1 may be the first device 100 and terminal 2 may be the second device 200 .
- terminal 1 may select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource in a resource pool representing a set of a series of resources. And, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit.
- terminal 2 which is a receiving terminal, can receive a resource pool through which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect a signal of terminal 1 within the resource pool.
- the base station may inform the terminal 1 of the resource pool.
- another terminal may inform terminal 1 of a resource pool, or terminal 1 may use a previously set resource pool.
- a resource pool may be composed of a plurality of resource units, and each terminal may select one or a plurality of resource units to use for its own SL signal transmission.
- FIG. 8 shows a resource unit for V2X or SL communication.
- all frequency resources of the resource pool may be divided into NF, and all time resources of the resource pool may be divided into NT.
- a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. 8 shows an example of a case in which a corresponding resource pool is repeated with a period of NT subframes.
- one resource unit (eg, Unit #0) may appear periodically and repeatedly.
- an index of a physical resource unit to which one logical resource unit is mapped may change according to a predetermined pattern over time.
- a resource pool may mean a set of resource units that can be used for transmission by a terminal desiring to transmit an SL signal.
- Resource pools can be subdivided into several types. For example, according to the content of the SL signal transmitted in each resource pool, the resource pool may be classified as follows.
- SA Scheduling Assignment
- MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
- MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
- SA can also be multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit.
- the SA resource pool may mean a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data and transmitted.
- SA may also be referred to as an SL control channel.
- SL data channel Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH
- PSSCH Physical Sidelink Shared Channel
- SL data channel may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only the SL data channel in a form excluding SA information can be transmitted in the resource pool for the SL data channel.
- Resource Elements (REs) used to transmit SA information on individual resource units in the SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel.
- the transmitting terminal may transmit the PSSCH by mapping it to consecutive PRBs.
- a discovery channel may be a resource pool for a transmitting terminal to transmit information such as its own ID. Through this, the transmitting terminal can allow neighboring terminals to discover themselves.
- resource pools may be used according to transmission/reception properties of the SL signals. For example, even for the same SL data channel or discovery message, a method for determining the transmission timing of the SL signal (eg, whether it is transmitted at the reception time of the synchronization reference signal or transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the reception time), resource Allocation method (eg, whether the base station assigns individual signal transmission resources to individual transmission terminals or whether individual transmission terminals select individual signal transmission resources within the resource pool), signal format (eg, each SL Depending on the number of symbols occupied by a signal in one subframe or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), signal strength from a base station, transmit power strength of an SL terminal, etc., resource pools may be divided into different resource pools.
- resource Allocation method eg, whether the base station assigns individual signal transmission resources to individual transmission terminals or whether individual transmission terminals select individual signal transmission resources within the resource pool
- signal format eg, each SL Depending on the number of symbols occupied by a
- ITS Intelligent Transport System
- V2X Vehicle-to-Everything, vehicle communication
- ITS Vehicle-to-Everything, vehicle communication
- Access layer Network & Transport layer, Facilities layer, and Application layer. It can be composed of layer (application layer), Security (security) and Management (management) Entity (entity).
- Vehicle communication includes vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V), vehicle-to-base station communication (V2N, N2V), vehicle-to-road-side unit (V2I, I2V) communication, RSU-to-RSU communication (I2I), and vehicle-to-person communication. It can be applied to various scenarios such as communication (V2P, P2V) and communication between RSU and human (I2P, P2I). Vehicles, base stations, RSUs, people, etc., which are subjects of vehicle communication, are referred to as ITS stations.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an ITS station reference architecture.
- the ITS station reference architecture consists of the Access layer, the Network & Transport layer, the Facilities layer, and the Entity for Security and Management and the top level. is composed of the application layer and basically follows the layered OSI model.
- ITS station reference structure characteristics based on the OSI model are shown.
- the access layer of an ITS station corresponds to OSI layer 1 (physical layer) and layer 2 (data link layer)
- the network & transport layer of an ITS station corresponds to OSI layer 3 (network layer) and layer 4 (transport layer)
- the facilities layer of an ITS station corresponds to OSI layer 5 (session layer), layer 6 (presentation layer), and layer 7 (application layer).
- the application layer located at the top of the ITS station performs a function that actually implements and supports use-cases and can be selectively used according to use-cases.
- the management entity plays a role of managing all layers including communication and operation of the ITS station.
- a security entity provides security services for all layers.
- Each layer of the ITS station exchanges data transmitted or received through vehicle communication and additional information for various purposes through mutual interfaces. The following is an abbreviation for the various interfaces.
- MN Interface between management entity and networking & transport layer
- MI Interface between management entity and access layer
- 10 is an exemplary structure of an ITS station that can be designed and applied based on a reference structure.
- the main concept of the reference structure of an ITS station is to divide communication processing into layers with special functions of each layer between two end vehicles/users composed of a communication network. That is, when a vehicle-to-vehicle message is generated, the data is passed down one layer from the vehicle and the ITS system (or other ITS-related terminals/systems) through each layer, and on the other side, when the message arrives, the vehicle receiving the message or The ITS (or other ITS-related terminals/systems) are propagated upwards layer by layer.
- the ITS system through vehicle communication and network is organically designed in consideration of various access technologies, network protocols, communication interfaces, etc. to support various use-cases, and the roles and functions of each layer described below may change depending on the situation. can The following briefly describes the main functions of each layer.
- the application layer plays a role of actually implementing and supporting various use-cases, and provides, for example, safe and efficient traffic information and other entertainment information.
- the application layer controls the ITS station to which the application belongs in various forms, or provides service by delivering service messages to end-vehicles/users/infrastructure through vehicle communication through the lower access layer, network & transport layer, and facilities layer.
- ITS applications can support various use cases, and generally, these use-cases can be grouped and supported into other applications such as road-safety, traffic efficiency, local services, and infotainment.
- Application classification, use-case, etc. can be updated as new application scenarios are defined.
- Layer management plays the role of managing and servicing information related to the operation and security of the application layer, and the related information is MA (interface between management entity and application layer) and SA (interface between security entity and ITS- S applications) (or SAP: Service Access Point, e.g. MA-SAP, SA-SAP).
- MA interface between management entity and application layer
- SA interface between security entity and ITS- S applications
- SAP Service Access Point
- Requests from the application layer to the facilities layer or service messages and related information from the facility layer to the application layer are delivered through FA (interface between facilities layer and ITS-S applications or FA-SAP).
- the facility layer serves to effectively realize various use-cases defined in the upper application layer, and may perform, for example, application support, information support, and session/communication support.
- the facility layer basically supports the upper three layers of the OSI model, eg, session layer, presentation layer, application layer, and functions. Specifically, facilities such as application support, information support, and session/communication support are provided for ITS. Here, facilities refer to components that provide functionality, information, and data.
- Application support facilities are facilities that support the operation of ITS applications (generating messages for ITS mainly, sending/receiving messages to and from lower layers, and managing them).
- the application support facility includes CA (Cooperative Awareness) basic service, DEN (Decentralized Environmental Notification) basic service, and the like.
- CA Cooperative Awareness
- DEN Decentralized Environmental Notification
- facilities entities and related messages for new services such as Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), Platooning, Vulnerable Roadside User (VRU), and Collective Perception Service (CPS) may be additionally defined.
- CACC Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control
- VRU Vulnerable Roadside User
- CPS Collective Perception Service
- Information support facilities are facilities that provide common data information or databases to be used by various ITS applications, such as Local Dynamic Map (LDM).
- LDM Local Dynamic Map
- Session/communication support facilities are facilities that provide services for communications and session management, including addressing mode and session support.
- facilities can be divided into common facilities and domain facilities.
- the common facility is a facility that provides common services or functions required for various ITS applications and ITS station operations, and examples thereof include time management, position management, and services management.
- a domain facility is a facility that provides special services or functions required only for some (one or multiple) ITS applications, and examples include DEN basic service for Road Hazard Warning applications (RHW). Domain facilities are optional and are not used unless supported by the ITS station.
- RHW Road Hazard Warning applications
- Layer management plays the role of managing and servicing information related to the operation and security of the facility layer.
- MF-SAP SF-SAP
- SF-SAP SF-SAP
- Requests from the application layer to the facilities layer or service messages and related information from the facilities layer to the application layer are delivered through the FA (or FA-SAP), and two-way service messages and related information between the facilities layer and the lower networking & transport layer
- the transfer of information is performed by NF (interface between networking & transport layer and facilities layer, or NF-SAP).
- the vehicle network layer may be designed or configured depending on the technology used in the access layer (access layer technology-dependent), and regardless of the technology used in the access layer (access layer technology-independent, access layer technology agnostic) can be configured.
- the European ITS network & transport layer functions are as follows. Basically, the function of the ITS network & transport layer is similar to or identical to OSI layer 3 (network layer) and layer 4 (transport layer), and has the following characteristics.
- the transport layer is a connection layer that delivers service messages and related information provided by upper layers (session layer, presentation layer, application layer) and lower layers (network layer, data link layer, physical layer). It manages the data sent by the ITS station's application to arrive at the destination ITS station's application process accurately.
- Transport protocols that can be considered in European ITS include, for example, TCP and UDP, which are used as existing Internet protocols, as shown in Figure OP5.1, and transport protocols only for ITS, such as BTS.
- the network layer determines the logical address and delivery method/route of the packet, and adds information such as the logical address of the destination and the delivery route/method to the packet received from the transport layer to the header of the network layer.
- unicast unicast
- broadcast broadcast
- multicast multicast
- Various networking protocols for ITS can be considered, such as GeoNetworking, IPv6 networking with mobility support, and IPv6 over GeoNetworking.
- GeoNetworking protocol can apply not only simple packet transmission, but also various transmission paths or transmission ranges such as forwarding using location information of stations including vehicles or forwarding using the number of forwarding hops.
- Layer management related to the network & transport layer plays a role in managing and servicing information related to the operation and security of the network & transport layer. It is transmitted and shared in both directions through the interface between security entity and networking & transport layer (or MN-SAP) and SN (interface between security entity and networking & transport layer, or SN-SAP). Delivery of bidirectional service messages and related information between the facilities layer and the networking & transport layer is performed by NF (or NF-SAP), and the exchange of service messages and related information between the networking & transport layer and the access layer is performed by IN (interface between access layer and networking & transport layer, or IN-SAP).
- NF or NF-SAP
- IN interface between access layer and networking & transport layer
- ITS network & transport layer like Europe, supports IPv6 and TCP/UDP to support existing IP data, and defines WSMP (WAVE Short Message Protocol) as a protocol only for ITS.
- WSMP Wi-Fi Short Message Protocol
- the packet structure of WSM (WAVE Short Message) generated according to WSMP consists of WSMP Header and WSM data through which the message is transmitted.
- the WSMP header consists of version, PSID, WSMP header extension field, WSM WAVE element ID, and length.
- Version is defined as a 4-bit WsmpVersion field representing the actual WSMP version and a 4-bit reserved field.
- the PSID is a provider service identifier, which is assigned according to the application in the upper layer, and helps the receiver to determine the appropriate upper layer.
- Extension fields are fields for extending the WSMP header, and information such as channel number, data-rate, and transmit power used is inserted.
- the WSMP WAVE element ID specifies the type of WAVE short message being transmitted.
- Lenth specifies the length of transmitted WSM data in units of octets through the 12-bit WSMLemgth field, and the remaining 4 bits are reserved.
- the LLC Header functions to distinguish IP data and WSMP data for transmission, and is distinguished through the Ethertype of SNAP.
- LLC header and SNAP header are defined in IEEE802.2.
- the Ethertype is set to 0x86DD to configure the LLC header.
- the Ethertype is set to 0x88DC to configure the LLC header.
- the receiver checks the Ethertype, and if it is 0x86DD, the packet is sent up through the IP data path, and if the Ethertype is 0x88DC, it is sent up through the WSMP path.
- the access layer plays a role of transmitting messages or data received from the upper layer through a physical channel.
- ITS-G5 vehicle communication technology based on IEEE 802.11p, satellite / broadband wireless mobile communication technology, 2G / 3G / 4G (LTE (Long-Term Evolution), etc.) / 5G wireless cellular ( cellular) communication technology, cellular-V2X vehicle-specific communication technology such as LTE-V2X and NR-V2X (New Radio), broadband terrestrial digital broadcasting technology such as DVB-T/T2/ATSC3.0, GPS technology, etc.
- LTE-V2X Long-Term Evolution
- NR-V2X New Radio
- broadband terrestrial digital broadcasting technology such as DVB-T/T2/ATSC3.0, GPS technology, etc.
- the data link layer is a layer that converts a physical line between adjacent nodes (or between vehicles) with noise into a communication channel without transmission errors so that the upper network layer can use it.
- Transport/transfer function framing function that divides data to be transmitted into packets (or frames) and groups them as transmission units, flow control function that compensates for the speed difference between the sender and receiver, (physical transmission medium Since errors and noise are highly likely to occur randomly due to the nature of It performs functions such as retransmission of undetermined packets. It also performs functions such as assigning sequence numbers to packets and ACK signals to avoid confusion between packets and ACK signals, and controlling the establishment, maintenance, short circuit, and data transmission of data links between network entities. .
- the main functions of the sub-layer are as follows.
- the LLC sub-layer enables communication regardless of the topology of the network by enabling the use of several different sub-MAC sub-layer protocols.
- the RRC sub-layer broadcasts cell system information necessary for all terminals in the cell, manages delivery of paging messages, manages RRC connection between the terminal and E-UTRAN (establishment/maintenance/release), manages mobility (handover), and manages handover It performs functions such as UE context transmission between eNodeBs, UE measurement report and control, UE capability management, temporary assignment of cell ID to UE, security management including key management, and RRC message encryption.
- the PDCP sub-layer can perform IP packet header compression through compression methods such as ROHC (Robust Header Compression), ciphering of control messages and user data, data integrity, and data loss prevention during handover. perform functions such as
- the RLC sub-layer transfers data by matching packets from the upper PDCP layer to the allowable size of the MAC layer through packet segmentation/concatenation, and improves data transmission reliability and reception through transmission error and retransmission management. Perform order check, rearrangement, duplicate check, etc. of data.
- the MAC sub-layer controls collision/contention between nodes and adapts packets delivered from the upper layer to the physical layer frame format for the use of shared media by multiple nodes, assignment and identification of transmitter/receiver addresses, carrier detection, It plays a role such as detecting collision and detecting obstacles on physical media.
- the MCO sub-layer enables a variety of services to be effectively provided using a plurality of frequency channels. Minimize collision/contention of communication information.
- the physical layer is the lowest layer in the ITS hierarchical structure, defines the interface between the node and the transmission medium, performs modulation, coding, mapping of transport channels to physical channels, etc. for bit transmission between data link layer entities, and detects carrier waves ( It performs the function of notifying the MAC sublayer whether the wireless medium is in use (busy or idle) through carrier sense) and clear channel assessment (CCA).
- CCA clear channel assessment
- the soft V2X (Soft V2X) system is V2X communication using a UU interface, where the Soft V2X server receives a VRU message or PSM (Personal Safety Message) from a VRU (Vulnerable Road User) or V2X vehicle, and sends a VRU message or PSM message It is a system that transmits information on the surrounding VRUs or vehicles based on the VRU or vehicle, analyzes the road conditions on which the surrounding VRUs or vehicles are moving, and transmits a message informing the surrounding VRUs or vehicles of a collision warning based on the analyzed information.
- VRU message or PSM Personal Safety Message
- the VRU message or PSM message is a message transmitted to the Soft V2X server through a UU interface, and may include mobility information about the VRU, such as the location, movement direction, movement path, and speed of the VRU. That is, the Soft V2X system receives mobility information of VRUs and/or vehicles related to V2X communication through a UU interface, and the soft V2X server, such as a network, determines a driving path, VRU movement flow, etc. of the VRU based on the received mobility information. way to control it.
- the SoftV2X system may be configured in relation to V2N communication.
- VRU device which is difficult to perform direct communication (PC5, DSRC) related to V2X communication, can provide or receive driving information and mobility information to nearby vehicles or VRUs through the Soft V2X system based on the UU interface. there is. Through this, the user equipment or pedestrian equipment (VRU device), which is difficult to perform the direct communication (PC5, DSRC), can be safely protected from surrounding vehicles.
- PC5, DSRC direct communication
- a server When providing V2N service, a server (eg, V2N server) processes messages and transmits them to terminals (eg, V2X terminals).
- terminals eg, V2X terminals.
- QoS quality of service
- a method for defining a QoS level in the terminal and a message structure capable of processing the defined QoS level without decoding are proposed.
- a method for managing QoS in uplink and a method for managing QoS in downlink based on the defined QoS level are proposed.
- a message transmitted from a terminal 220 may be delivered to all terminals 210 , 230 , and 240 located in an adjacent area through a server.
- the terminals 210, 220, 230, and 240 may mean a V2X terminal or a V2X device, and the terminals 210, 220, 230, and 240 may be terminals mounted on a vehicle or a user riding in a vehicle. It may include a terminal possessed.
- messages of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) are also delivered to neighboring terminals as they are.
- messages of VRUs may mean messages transmitted from VRU devices, and VRU devices may mean devices possessed by VRUs, but are not limited thereto.
- QoS management in the server may be required.
- the QoS level of the VRU 130 having a relatively low risk such as a person sitting on a bench in a cafe or a park, and a pedestrian 110 crossing a crosswalk should be different.
- the terminal determines the QoS priority of the terminal, and the server (or V2N server) can manage QoS based on the QoS priority for each terminal.
- the terminal and the server may further include a block for QoS processing.
- a terminal may be referred to as a device, a V2X terminal, a V2X device, a soft V2X terminal, or a soft V2X device, and the terms may be used interchangeably.
- the server may be referred to as a V2N server or a soft V2X server, and the terms may be used interchangeably.
- the QoS level may be referred to as a QoS priority or a QoS priority level hereinafter, and the terms may be used interchangeably.
- a UE may include a block for calculating QoS priorities (ie, a priority calculation block).
- the QoS priority may be information necessary for the server to manage QoS.
- the QoS priority may include a plurality of levels according to risk.
- a plurality of levels included in the QoS priority include level 1 indicating a high risk zone, level 2 corresponding to a risk zone, and level indicating a low risk zone. 3, and level 4 indicating a zero risk zone, but are not limited thereto.
- the terminal may receive state information of the terminal through the state check block.
- the priority calculation block of the UE may calculate the QoS priority of the UE based on the status information received through the status check block. At this time, the priority calculation block may calculate the QoS priority based on the three methods proposed below, but is not limited to the above example.
- the value of the calculated QoS priority may be included in the V2N message of the proposed structure, and the V2N message may be transmitted to the server (via the V2X modem).
- a V2N message may be referred to as a V2X message.
- the terminal is shown as including a status check block, a priority check block, and a message generation block, but according to an embodiment, one or more operations of the status check block, priority check block, and message generation block are performed. It may also be performed through a processor.
- the server may further include a QoS controller.
- the server may forward the V2X messages received from the terminal to the QoS controller.
- the QoS controller temporarily stores the received message in a message buffer and extracts information about the QoS priority from the V2X message through a message parser.
- the QoS controller controls the transmission (or delivery) of the V2X message based on the state of the server calculated in the QoS checking block. Accordingly, the server can manage QoS of the network as well as messages to be processed.
- the server is described as including a QoS controller and a QoS checking block, but operations of the QoS controller and the QoS checking block are not distinguished from each other and may be performed by one or more processors.
- V2N-only message for processing a V2N message is proposed, and a method for managing QoS based on the proposed V2N-only message will be described in detail.
- a terminal and a server may perform communication based on MQTT (MQ Telemetry Transport) technology.
- the terminal periodically reports its location and status to the server based on MQTT technology.
- a terminal periodically generates and publishes a message including its status information. Issuing the message by the terminal may include uploading the message to the server by the terminal. In this case, the transmission period of the message may be determined based on the type and quality of service of V2N service.
- the server may forward the message issued by the terminal to other terminals. Terminals subscribing to the V2N service may pre-subscribe to a topic corresponding to a region of interest and receive a message issued in the region of interest from the server.
- a V2X message may not be transmitted directly through a payload (eg, MQTT payload) of a lower layer, but may be encapsulated (or encoded) and transmitted for additional functions.
- the V2N message consists of a V2N header and a V2N payload, and the encoded V2X message is transmitted through the V2N payload.
- the V2N header may include a message type indicating the type of the V2X message, an extension flag for extension, and extension data corresponding to the flag.
- the message type may be a soft V2X message (BSM, Basic safety message).
- BSM Basic safety message
- information about the QoS priority level of the terminal may be delivered through an extension field (ie, an extension flag field and an extension data field).
- the extended flag field may consist of 8 bits as shown in FIG. 13, but is not limited thereto. In this case, each bit may be a bit for identifying different types of data represented through the extended data field.
- the fourth bit of the extended flag field may be a bit for identifying the QoS priority level (or QoS level of the terminal) of the terminal.
- the "QoS level" type bit ie, the 4th bit
- the value of the QoS priority level of the UE may be included in the extended data field corresponding to the "QoS level" type.
- the last bit (or the eighth bit) of the extension flag field may indicate whether an additional extension flag field exists. For example, when the number of data types included in the extension field is 8 or more, an additional extension flag field may be required.
- an additional extension flag field may be generated, and a data type included in the extension field may be added based on the additional extension flag field.
- QoS priorities may be determined based on a preset priority map.
- 14 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an existing priority map is set.
- a plurality of zones may be set based on at least one of the number of vehicles running and the frequency of accidents.
- the plurality of areas may mean areas having different priorities.
- the plurality of areas may include a high-risk area, a risk area, a low-risk area, and a safety area, and a priority level corresponding to each of the high-risk area, the risk area, the low-risk area, and the safety area is a level.
- Levels 1 to 4 may be indicated, but are not limited thereto.
- the plurality of priority levels may be represented as a high-risk area, a high-risk area, a low-risk area, and a safe area.
- the priority level of a VRU 110 located in an area adjacent to a crosswalk may be set to "High Risk Area” (or "Level 1"), whereas that of a VRU 120 located in a park next to a road.
- the priority level can be set to “Safe Area” (or “Level 4”).
- QoS priority may be determined based on the distance between the road and the terminal.
- 15 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a QoS priority is determined based on a distance between a road and a terminal.
- one or more threshold values based on distance from the road may be used to determine the QoS priority.
- the distance between the road and the terminal (or VRU) 110 is 1 m
- the QoS priority may be determined based on the strength of a signal generated from a vehicle.
- the signal generated from the vehicle may be noise of a specific band generated from the vehicle, or may be a signal of a frequency band used in direct communication between devices.
- the intensity of the signal generated from the vehicle may include the intensity of noise input through the microphone.
- the microphone may mean a terminal (or device) mounted in a vehicle or a microphone of a terminal possessed by a user riding in a vehicle, but is not limited thereto. If the amount of communication in a frequency band in which messages are transmitted is high, the strength of a signal in the corresponding frequency band may be counted.
- a large amount of noise input through the microphone or a large amount of communication in the frequency band in which messages are transmitted may mean that there are many vehicles passing around, and that a large number of passing vehicles indicates a case in which the risk is relatively high. can mean
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a QoS priority is determined based on the strength of a signal generated from a vehicle.
- one or more threshold values eg, first to third threshold values
- the terminal may compare the power of a signal generated in a specific frequency band (eg, a frequency band corresponding to the noise duration of FIG. 16) among signals generated by the terminal (or vehicle) with a preset threshold.
- the terminal since the power of a signal generated in a specific frequency band is between the first threshold and the second threshold, the terminal sets the QoS priority level of the terminal to “danger zone (or level 2) based on the comparison result. )" can be determined.
- the terminal may transmit the determined (or calculated) QoS priority level to the server based on the extension field included in the header of the message.
- the terminal may generate a message to be transmitted to the server through the message generating block (or message generator) shown in FIG. 12, but is not limited thereto.
- a message generation block is shown as a separate block in FIG. 2
- a message may be generated through one or more processors included in a terminal according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of generating a message (or V2X message) including a QoS priority level.
- the terminal when generating a message including a QoS priority level, the terminal sets a bit representing the QoS priority level (or QoS level) to 1 among a plurality of bits constituting an extended flag field, An extended data field corresponding to the QoS priority level may be created. And, the extended data field may be set to a value representing the QoS priority level of the terminal. For example, when the QoS priority level of the terminal is “low risk area (or level 3)”, the value of the extended data field may be set to 3.
- the server does not need to decode the message, and the QoS priority level of the terminal is based on the extension field included in the message header. can confirm.
- a terminal publishes a message including its state information according to a predetermined transmission cycle regardless of the QoS priority level, and the server sends the state information of the terminals as it is to subscribed terminals.
- the server may perform an operation for QoS management.
- the server (or softV2X server) can check the QoS state.
- the server may check the QoS state through the QoS checking block of FIG. 12, but is not limited thereto.
- the server continuously observes the state of the network and/or the processing load of the server. If the network is in a poor state or the processing load of the server is maintained above a certain level, it is difficult to provide a smooth V2N service, and the quality of the V2N service may deteriorate.
- the server may provide a V2N service of a certain level or higher using at least one of an uplink QoS management method and a downlink QoS management method.
- the uplink QoS management method is a method of managing QoS in an uplink transmission process of a terminal when a network condition is poor or a CPU load of a server exceeds a certain level. That is, the uplink QoS management method may mean managing QoS by adjusting the amount of messages (ie, uplink messages) transmitted from the terminal to the server. In addition, the downlink QoS management method may mean managing QoS by adjusting the amount of messages (ie, downlink messages) transmitted from the server to the terminal.
- the server may reduce the amount of traffic that may affect network quality by reducing the amount of messages transmitted to the server using uplink QoS.
- the server may check the network status using the timestamp field included in the header of the message (eg, the V2N header of FIG. 13). For example, based on the difference between the value of the timestamp field when the terminal transmits the message and the time when the server receives the message, it is possible to determine whether a message transmission error or message retransmission has occurred. In this case, when the time difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined level, the server may transmit a QoS condition and a threshold value to the terminal, thereby reducing traffic transmitted from the terminal to the server.
- the server can reduce the amount of downlink messages and reduce the load of the server by using downlink QoS. Accordingly, the message delay time is reduced, and the quality of the V2N service can be maintained at a certain level or higher.
- the server may check the load level of the server by periodically checking the CPU load of the server. When the CPU load of the server is maintained above a certain level, the server may reduce the amount of downlink traffic and reduce the CPU load of the server by transmitting a QoS condition and a threshold value to the terminal.
- the server may control message transmission and reception based on the measured QoS state. More specifically, the server may adjust message transmission based on the QoS priority level of the message received from the terminal. In this case, controlling the transmission of the message may be controlled through an uplink QoS management method or a downlink QoS management method.
- the QoS controller controls message transmission and reception according to the QoS status measured by the server.
- the QoS controller may control message transmission and reception based on the QoS priority level of the message received from the terminal.
- the method for controlling transmission and reception of messages may be operated as an uplink QoS management method or a downlink QoS management method, but is not limited thereto.
- the uplink QoS management method may refer to a method of managing QoS in an uplink transmission process of terminals when a server or network condition is not good.
- 18 is a diagram illustrating a method of adjusting a cycle of a message transmitted to a server based on a QoS priority level of a terminal.
- the terminal may transmit a message to the server based on a preset period.
- the QoS priority level of the terminal is set to "level 2" or "level 3”
- the transmission period of the message may increase to 2 or 3 times the preset period, respectively. Accordingly, the load of the network and the server can be reduced by adjusting the transmission period of the uplink message according to the QoS priority level.
- the uplink QoS management method is followed, there is a disadvantage in that messages are lost from the terminal.
- the server continuously checks the state of the network and the server while providing the V2N service, and when a situation arises in which QoS needs to be managed, the server may provide information about the QoS situation and threshold to terminals.
- the threshold value may mean a threshold value of a QoS priority level for the UE to transmit a message.
- the terminal may adjust uplink transmission based on the threshold value received from the server and the QoS priority level of the terminal. Referring to FIG.
- a first terminal and a second terminal issue a message including status information based on a preset period, and the server issues a message including status information to the first terminal and the second terminal.
- a message issued from terminal 2 may be delivered to terminal 3.
- the server may transmit QoS control information to the first terminal and the second terminal.
- the QoS control information (or QoS control value) may mean a QoS priority level threshold for the terminal to issue a message.
- UE 1 and UE 2 may determine whether to issue a message based on a result of comparing the received QoS control information and their own QoS priority levels. For example, a first terminal having a QoS priority level of “level 1” may issue a message, and a second terminal having a QoS priority level of “level 4” may drop the message without issuing a message. And, the server may transmit only the issued message of the first terminal to the third terminal. Accordingly, since the amount of messages (or uplink messages) transmitted to the server is adjusted, QoS of the network and the server can be managed.
- a downlink QoS management method may be applied.
- the downlink QoS management method may refer to a method of managing QoS in a downlink transmission process of a server when a server or network condition is not good.
- 20 is a diagram illustrating a method for adjusting a period in which a server transmits a message based on a QoS priority level of a terminal.
- terminals may transmit messages to the server according to a predetermined period regardless of the QoS priority level.
- the server may drop a part of the received message by adjusting the transmission period of the message according to the QoS priority level of the terminal. Referring to FIG.
- the server may transmit a message according to a preset period.
- the QoS priority level of the terminal is “level 2" or "level 3”
- the server may transmit the message by doubling or tripling the preset period, respectively.
- the load of the network and the server can be reduced by reducing the amount of messages transmitted by the server to the terminal.
- the network load of the uplink cannot be reduced, but there is an advantage that message loss can be minimized because the server receives all messages. Accordingly, there is an advantage in that the server can immediately recover message transmission according to the state of the network and the server, and can also process a dropped message and transmit additional information to the terminal.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a message flow according to the proposed method.
- the first terminal and the second terminal issue a message including state information based on a preset period, and the server sends a message to the first terminal and the second terminal.
- a message issued from terminal 2 may be delivered to terminal 3.
- the server may continuously check the status (or QoS) of the network and service while providing the service.
- the server may transmit information about the QoS status and the threshold to each terminal.
- the terminal may upload the message based on the received threshold value and its own QoS priority level.
- the server may adjust message transmission based on the QoS priority level of the terminal.
- the server transmits a message of a first terminal having a QoS level of “level 1” according to a predetermined period and does not transmit a message of a second terminal having a QoS priority level of “level 4”. can Accordingly, since the amount of messages transmitted from the server is controlled, QoS of the network and the server can be managed.
- 22 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the first device according to the proposed embodiment.
- the first device may transmit setting information for direct device-to-device communication to the second device (S2200).
- the first device may include the aforementioned server (or V2N server, V2X server, or soft V2X server), and the second device may include the aforementioned terminal (or V2X device, V2N device, or soft V2X server). device) may be included.
- the first device may transmit setting information for providing a V2N service to the second device.
- the second device may access the first device, perform a subscription procedure for a topic of interest of the second device, and receive setting information related to the subscription procedure.
- the second device may set a topic corresponding to a region in which the second device is located as a topic of interest and perform a subscription procedure for the topic of interest, thereby receiving a message issued for the topic of interest.
- the first device may receive a message including a header and a payload from the second device (S2210).
- the message may correspond to the aforementioned V2N message
- the header of the message may correspond to the V2N header shown in FIG. 13
- the payload of the message may correspond to the V2N payload shown in FIG.
- the header may include an extension flag field including a plurality of bits and an extension data field corresponding to each data type identified in the extension flag field.
- the extension flag field and the extension data field may be collectively referred to as an extension field.
- the extension flag field is a field for identifying a data type included in the extension data field.
- Each of a plurality of bits included in the extension flag field may represent different data types.
- the extension flag field may represent each data type with 1-bit information.
- the data type identified in the extended flag field may include the QoS level of the second device. That is, one of a plurality of bits included in the extended flag field identifies whether information on the QoS level of the second device exists, and the extended data field corresponding to the one bit identifies the QoS level of the second device. value can be displayed. For example, as shown in FIG. 17 , when an extension field (including an extension flag field and an extension data field) includes information about the QoS level of the second device, the fourth bit of the extension flag field is 1 , and the extended data field corresponding to the 4th bit may include the QoS level value of the second device.
- a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about the QoS level of the second device included in the header.
- the QoS level of the second device may include one level among a plurality of levels according to risk levels.
- the QoS level of the second device may be determined based on at least one of a risk level of an area where the second device is located, a distance between the second device and a road, and a strength of a signal generated in an area adjacent to the second device.
- the risk level of the area where the second device is located may be determined based on a preset priority map, which is divided based on at least one of the number of vehicles traveling in the area and the frequency of accidents.
- an area adjacent to a crosswalk may be classified as a “high-risk area” because the number of vehicles traveling there may be relatively high, and a second area adjacent to the crosswalk may pass through the area adjacent to the crosswalk.
- the QoS level of the device needs to be set high.
- a park since there are no vehicles passing through the park and the frequency of accidents is low, it can be classified as a “safe area” and the QoS level of VRUs walking in the park can be set relatively low.
- one or more threshold values may be set based on the distance away from the road, and based on a result of comparing the set one or more threshold values with the distance between the second device and the road, the second The QoS level of the device may be determined.
- first to third threshold values may be set based on the distance from the road, but are not limited thereto. In this case, the closer the distance to the road is, the higher the QoS level needs to be set. For example, as shown in FIG. 15 , when the distance between the road and the VRU (carrying the second device) is less than or equal to the first threshold value (or smaller), it means that the VRU is walking adjacent to the road.
- the QoS level can be set relatively high.
- the QoS level of the second device when the distance between the second device and the road is equal to or less than the first threshold value, the QoS level of the second device is a “high risk area”, and the distance between the second device and the road is "Risk area” when the value is between the first threshold and the second threshold, "low risk area” when the distance between the second device and the road is between the second and third thresholds, the second device and the road
- the distance between roads is greater than the third threshold value, it may be set as a “safe area”, but is not limited to the above example.
- the strength of a signal generated in an area adjacent to the second device is at least one of the strength of a voice signal of a frequency band generated in a vehicle or a radio signal of a frequency band used in communication between devices.
- a high strength of a voice signal in a frequency band generated by a vehicle may mean that a large number of vehicles are traveling in the corresponding area.
- the high strength of the radio signal of the frequency band used in device-to-device communication may mean that there are many vehicles that are driving or that there are many users who are walking.
- the higher the strength of the audio signal or radio signal, the higher the QoS level. can be set high.
- a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about the QoS level of the second device.
- the transmission period of a message related to the second device may include a transmission period of a message transmitted from the second device to the first device or a transmission period of a message transmitted from the first device to the second device.
- Transmission of a message from the second device to the first device may correspond to the aforementioned uplink transmission.
- adjusting the transmission period of the message transmitted from the second device to the first device may correspond to the above-described uplink QoS management method.
- transmission of a message from the first device to the second device may correspond to the aforementioned downlink transmission.
- adjusting the transmission period of the message transmitted from the first device to the second device may correspond to the aforementioned downlink QoS management method.
- the QoS level of the second device is high, a message transmitted to or from the second device may be transmitted according to a predetermined cycle. However, if the QoS level of the second device is low, a transmission period of a message related to the second device may increase. In this case, whether the transmission period increases may be determined based on one or more predetermined threshold levels. For example, when the QoS level of the second device is a level corresponding to the "low-risk area", the transmission period of messages related to the second device is adjusted to twice the preset period, and the QoS level of the second device is set to "low-risk area". When the level corresponds to the “safe area”, the transmission period of the message related to the second device may be adjusted to three times the preset period, but is not limited thereto.
- the second device may receive setting information for direct device-to-device communication from the first device (S2300).
- the second device may receive setting information for providing a V2N service from the first device.
- the second device may access the first device, perform a subscription procedure for a topic of interest of the second device, and receive setting information related to the subscription procedure.
- the second device may set a topic corresponding to a region in which the second device is located as a topic of interest and perform a subscription procedure for the topic of interest, thereby receiving a message issued for the topic of interest.
- the second device may transmit a message including a header and a payload to the first device (S2310).
- the header may include an extension flag field including a plurality of bits and an extension data field corresponding to each data type identified in the extension flag field.
- the extension flag field and the extension data field may be collectively referred to as an extension field.
- the extension flag field is a field for identifying a data type included in the extension data field.
- Each of a plurality of bits included in the extension flag field may represent different data types. That is, the extension flag field may represent each data type with 1-bit information.
- the data type identified in the extended flag field may include the QoS level of the second device. That is, one of a plurality of bits included in the extended flag field identifies whether information on the QoS level of the second device exists, and the extended data field corresponding to the one bit identifies the QoS level of the second device. value can be displayed.
- a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about the QoS level of the second device included in the header.
- the QoS level of the second device may be determined based on at least one of a risk level of an area where the second device is located, a distance between the second device and a road, and a strength of a signal generated in an area adjacent to the second device.
- the risk level of the area where the second device is located may be determined based on a preset priority map, which is divided based on at least one of the number of vehicles traveling in the area and the frequency of accidents. It may include information about a plurality of real areas.
- one or more threshold values may be set based on the distance away from the road, and based on a result of comparing the set one or more threshold values with the distance between the second device and the road, the second The QoS level of the device may be determined.
- the strength of a signal generated in an area adjacent to the second device is at least one of the strength of a voice signal of a frequency band generated in a vehicle or a radio signal of a frequency band used in communication between devices.
- a transmission period of a message related to the second device may be adjusted based on information about the QoS level of the second device.
- the transmission period of a message related to the second device may include a transmission period of a message transmitted from the second device to the first device or a transmission period of a message transmitted from the first device to the second device.
- Transmission of a message from the second device to the first device may correspond to the aforementioned uplink transmission.
- adjusting the transmission period of the message transmitted from the second device to the first device may correspond to the above-described uplink QoS management method.
- transmission of a message from the first device to the second device may correspond to the aforementioned downlink transmission.
- adjusting the transmission period of the message transmitted from the first device to the second device may correspond to the aforementioned downlink QoS management method. If the QoS level of the second device is high, a message transmitted to or from the second device may be transmitted according to a predetermined cycle. However, if the QoS level of the second device is low, a transmission period of a message related to the second device may increase. In this case, whether the transmission period increases may be determined based on one or more predetermined threshold levels.
- a communication system 1 applied to the present invention includes a wireless device, a base station and a network.
- the wireless device means a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (eg, 5G New RAT (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE)), and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device.
- a radio access technology eg, 5G New RAT (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE)
- wireless devices include robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, XR (eXtended Reality) devices 100c, hand-held devices 100d, and home appliances 100e. ), an Internet of Thing (IoT) device 100f, and an AI device/server 400.
- IoT Internet of Thing
- the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, and the like.
- the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone).
- UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
- XR devices include Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) devices, Head-Mounted Devices (HMDs), Head-Up Displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, It may be implemented in the form of a computer, wearable device, home appliance, digital signage, vehicle, robot, and the like.
- a portable device may include a smart phone, a smart pad, a wearable device (eg, a smart watch, a smart glass), a computer (eg, a laptop computer, etc.), and the like.
- Home appliances may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, and the like.
- IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, and the like.
- a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.
- the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 through the base station 200 .
- AI Artificial Intelligence
- the network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (eg LTE) network, or a 5G (eg NR) network.
- the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 200/network 300, but may also communicate directly (eg, sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network.
- the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (eg, vehicle to vehicle (V2V)/vehicle to everything (V2X) communication).
- IoT devices eg, sensors
- IoT devices may directly communicate with other IoT devices (eg, sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.
- Wireless communication/connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/base station 200 and the base station 200/base station 200.
- wireless communication/connection refers to various wireless connections such as uplink/downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication 150c (e.g. relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)).
- IAB Integrated Access Backhaul
- Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) allows wireless devices and base stations/wireless devices, and base stations and base stations to transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other.
- the wireless communication/connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels.
- various signal processing processes eg, channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.
- resource allocation processes etc.
- 25 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.
- the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may transmit and receive radio signals through various radio access technologies (eg, LTE, NR).
- ⁇ the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 ⁇ refer to ⁇ the wireless device 100x and the base station 200 ⁇ of FIG. 24 and/or ⁇ the wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x. ⁇ can correspond.
- the first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108.
- the processor 102 controls the memory 104 and/or the transceiver 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein.
- the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 106.
- the processor 102 may receive a radio signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 104.
- the memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102 .
- memory 104 may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 102, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them.
- the processor 102 and memory 104 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR).
- the transceiver 106 may be coupled to the processor 102 and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 108 .
- the transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
- the transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit.
- a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- the second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208.
- Processor 202 controls memory 204 and/or transceiver 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein.
- the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information/signal, and transmit a radio signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206.
- the processor 202 may receive a radio signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206 and store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204 .
- the memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202 .
- memory 204 may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein. It may store software codes including them.
- the processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR).
- the transceiver 206 may be coupled to the processor 202 and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208 .
- the transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
- the transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
- a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202.
- one or more processors 102, 202 may implement one or more layers (eg, functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP).
- One or more processors 102, 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed herein.
- PDUs Protocol Data Units
- SDUs Service Data Units
- processors 102, 202 may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein.
- One or more processors 102, 202 generate PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein , can be provided to one or more transceivers 106, 206.
- One or more processors 102, 202 may receive signals (eg, baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or flowcharts of operations disclosed herein PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information can be obtained according to these.
- signals eg, baseband signals
- One or more processors 102, 202 may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or microcomputer.
- One or more processors 102, 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- firmware or software may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like.
- Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow diagrams disclosed herein may be included in one or more processors 102, 202 or stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and It can be driven by the above processors 102 and 202.
- the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.
- One or more memories 104, 204 may be coupled with one or more processors 102, 202 and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or instructions.
- One or more memories 104, 204 may be comprised of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof.
- One or more memories 104, 204 may be located internally and/or external to one or more processors 102, 202. Additionally, one or more memories 104, 204 may be coupled to one or more processors 102, 202 through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.
- One or more transceivers 106, 206 may transmit user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., as referred to in the methods and/or operational flow charts herein, to one or more other devices.
- One or more transceivers 106, 206 may receive user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. referred to in descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flow charts, etc. disclosed herein from one or more other devices. there is.
- one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive wireless signals.
- one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may be coupled with one or more antennas 108, 208, and one or more transceivers 106, 206 via one or more antennas 108, 208, as described herein, function. , procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc. can be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc.
- one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports).
- One or more transceivers (106, 206) convert the received radio signals/channels from RF band signals in order to process the received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). It can be converted into a baseband signal.
- One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, and radio signals/channels processed by one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals.
- one or more of the transceivers 106, 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.
- At least one memory may store instructions or programs, which, when executed, are at least operably linked to the at least one memory.
- a single processor may be capable of performing operations in accordance with some embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.
- a computer readable storage medium may store at least one instruction or computer program, and when executed by at least one processor, the at least one instruction or computer program may store the at least one instruction or computer program.
- a single processor may be capable of performing operations in accordance with some embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure.
- a processing device or apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one computer memory connectable to the at least one processor.
- the at least one computer memory may store instructions or programs, which, when executed, cause at least one processor operably connected to the at least one memory to cause some of the present disclosure. It can be caused to perform operations according to embodiments or implementations.
- a wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to usage-examples/services (see FIG. 24).
- wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 25, and include various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be configured.
- the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110 , a control unit 120 , a memory unit 130 and an additional element 140 .
- the communication unit may include communication circuitry 112 and transceiver(s) 114 .
- communication circuitry 112 may include one or more processors 102, 202 of FIG. 27 and/or one or more memories 104, 204.
- transceiver(s) 114 may include one or more transceivers 106, 206 of FIG. 25 and/or one or more antennas 108, 208.
- the control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional element 140 and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control electrical/mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs/codes/commands/information stored in the memory unit 130. In addition, the control unit 120 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface, or transmits the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (eg, another communication device) through the communication unit 110. Information received through a wireless/wired interface from other communication devices) may be stored in the memory unit 130 .
- the additional element 140 may be configured in various ways according to the type of wireless device.
- the additional element 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an I/O unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit.
- the wireless device may be a robot (Fig. 24, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 24, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 24, 100c), a mobile device (Fig. 24, 100d), a home appliance. (FIG. 24, 100e), IoT device (FIG.
- digital broadcasting terminal digital broadcasting terminal
- hologram device public safety device
- MTC device medical device
- fintech device or financial device
- security device climate/environmental device
- It may be implemented in the form of an AI server/device (Fig. 24, 400), a base station (Fig. 24, 200), a network node, and the like.
- Wireless devices can be mobile or used in a fixed location depending on the use-case/service.
- various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be entirely interconnected through a wired interface or at least partially connected wirelessly through the communication unit 110.
- the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 are connected by wire, and the control unit 120 and the first units (eg, 130 and 140) are connected through the communication unit 110.
- the control unit 120 and the first units eg, 130 and 140
- each element, component, unit/unit, and/or module within the wireless device 100, 200 may further include one or more elements.
- the control unit 120 may be composed of one or more processor sets.
- the controller 120 may include a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphic processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like.
- the memory unit 130 may include random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, and non-volatile memory. volatile memory) and/or a combination thereof.
- the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present specification may include Narrowband Internet of Things for low power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G.
- NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented in standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2. no.
- the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology.
- LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called various names such as eMTC (enhanced machine type communication).
- LTE-M technologies are 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) It may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as LTE M, and is not limited to the above-mentioned names.
- the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present specification includes at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low power communication. It may include any one, and is not limited to the above-mentioned names.
- ZigBee technology can generate personal area networks (PANs) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called various names.
- PANs personal area networks
- Vehicles or autonomous vehicles may be implemented as mobile robots, vehicles, trains, manned/unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, and the like.
- AVs manned/unmanned aerial vehicles
- a vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit.
- a portion 140d may be included.
- the antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110 .
- Blocks 110/130/140a to 140d respectively correspond to blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 26 .
- the communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g. base stations, roadside base units, etc.), servers, and the like.
- the controller 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 .
- the controller 120 may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
- the driving unit 140a may drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 on the ground.
- the driving unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like.
- the power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100, and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.
- the sensor unit 140c may obtain vehicle conditions, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like.
- the sensor unit 140c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward.
- IMU inertial measurement unit
- /Can include a reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, and the like.
- the autonomous driving unit 140d includes a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set and driving. technology can be implemented.
- the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, and the like from an external server.
- the autonomous driving unit 140d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data.
- the controller 120 may control the driving unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (eg, speed/direction adjustment).
- the communicator 110 may non-/periodically obtain the latest traffic information data from an external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles.
- the sensor unit 140c may acquire vehicle state and surrounding environment information.
- the autonomous driving unit 140d may update an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on newly acquired data/information.
- the communication unit 110 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, a driving plan, and the like to an external server.
- the external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology based on information collected from the vehicle or self-driving vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or self-driving vehicles.
- the present invention can be used in a device operating in a wireless mobile communication system.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| SCS (15*2u) | Nslot symb | Nframe,u slot | Nsubframe,u slot |
| 15KHz (u=0) | 14 | 10 | 1 |
| 30KHz (u=1) | 14 | 20 | 2 |
| 60KHz (u=2) | 14 | 40 | 4 |
| 120KHz (u=3) | 14 | 80 | 8 |
| 240KHz (u=4) | 14 | 160 | 16 |
| SCS (15*2u) | Nslot symb | Nframe,u slot | Nsubframe,u slot |
| 60KHz (u=2) | 12 | 40 | 4 |
| Frequency Range designation | Corresponding frequency range | Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) |
| FR1 | 450MHz - 6000MHz | 15, 30, 60kHz |
| FR2 | 24250MHz - 52600MHz | 60, 120, 240kHz |
| Frequency Range designation | Corresponding frequency range | Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) |
| FR1 | 410MHz - 7125MHz | 15, 30, 60kHz |
| FR2 | 24250MHz - 52600MHz | 60, 120, 240kHz |
Claims (22)
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 제1 장치가 동작하는 방법에 있어서,장치 간 직접 통신을 위한 설정 정보를 제2 장치로 전송하는 단계; 및헤더(header)와 페이로드(payload)를 포함하는 메시지를 상기 제2 장치로부터 수신하는 단계로서,상기 헤더는 복수의 비트를 포함하는 확장 플래그 필드 및 상기 확장 플래그 필드에서 식별된 데이터 타입 각각에 대응하는 확장 데이터 필드를 포함하고,상기 헤더에 포함된 상기 제2 장치의 QoS(Quality of Service) 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치와 관련된 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨은, 상기 제2 장치가 위치하는 영역의 위험도, 상기 제2 장치와 도로 사이의 거리, 및 상기 제2 장치와 인접한 영역 내에서 발생하는 신호의 세기 중 적어도 하나에 기반하여 결정되는, 방법.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 제2 장치가 위치하는 영역의 위험도는, 기설정된 우선순위 맵에 기반하여 결정되고,상기 우선순위 맵은, 주행하는 차량의 수 및 사고의 발생 빈도 중 적어도 하나에 기반하여 나누어진 복수의 영역에 관한 정보를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 도로로부터 떨어진 거리에 기반하여 하나 이상의 임계값이 설정되고, 상기 하나 이상의 임계값과 상기 제2 장치와 상기 도로 사이의 거리를 비교한 결과에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨이 결정될 수 있다.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 제2 장치와 인접한 영역 내에서 발생하는 상기 신호의 세기는, 차량에서 발생하는 주파수 대역의 음성 신호, 또는 장치 간 통신에서 사용되는 주파수 대역의 전파 신호의 세기 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 5항에 있어서,상기 신호의 세기와 기설정된 하나 이상의 임계값을 비교한 결과에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨이 결정되는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨은 위험 단계에 따른 복수의 레벨 중 하나의 레벨을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 복수의 비트 중 하나의 비트는, 상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨에 관한 정보가 존재하는지 여부를 식별하기 위한 비트이고,상기 하나의 비트에 대응하는 확장 데이터 필드는 상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨의 값을 나타내는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 복수의 비트 각각은 서로 다른 데이터 타입을 나타내고,상기 헤더는, 상기 복수의 비트의 값에 기반하여 식별된 데이터 타입의 개수와 동일한 개수의 확장 데이터 필드를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 확장 플래그 필드에서 식별된 데이터 타입은, 상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨에 관한 정보는, 상기 페이로드의 디코딩 없이, 상기 헤더에 기반하여 획득되는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제1 장치에서 상기 제2 장치로 전송되는 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 제2 장치의 QoS 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치에서 상기 제1 장치로 전송되는 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는 방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 방법은,메시지의 전송 주기를 조절하기 위한 정보를 상기 제2 장치로 전송하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 방법은,네트워크의 QoS 상태를 체크하는 단계; 및상기 네트워크의 QoS 상태가 기설정된 수준 이하인 것에 기반하여, 상기 메시지의 전송 주기를 조절하기 위한 임계 레벨을 상기 제2 장치로 전송하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제1 장치는 상기 장치간 통신을 제어하는 서버를 포함하고, 상기 제2 장치는 상기 장치간 통신을 수행하는 단말을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 헤더는 추가 확장 플래그 필드를 더 포함하고,상기 플래그 필드는, 상기 추가 확장 플래그 필드가 존재하는지 여부를 나타내는 비트를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 동작하는 제1 장치에 있어서,적어도 하나의 RF(Radio Frequency) 유닛;적어도 하나의 프로세서; 및상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서와 동작 가능하게 연결되고, 실행될 때, 상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서가 동작을 수행하도록 하는 적어도 하나의 컴퓨터 메모리를 포함하며, 상기 동작은,장치 간 직접 통신을 위한 설정 정보를 제2 장치로 전송하고,헤더(header)와 페이로드(payload)를 포함하는 메시지를 상기 제2 장치로부터 수신하는 동작을 포함하고,상기 헤더는 복수의 비트를 포함하는 확장 플래그 필드 및 상기 확장 플래그 필드에서 식별된 데이터 타입 각각에 대응하는 확장 데이터 필드를 포함하며,상기 헤더에 포함된 상기 제2 장치의 QoS(Quality of Service) 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치와 관련된 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는, 제1 장치.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 제2 장치가 동작하는 방법에 있어서,장치 간 직접 통신을 위한 설정 정보를 제1 장치로부터 수신하는 단계; 및헤더(header)와 페이로드(payload)를 포함하는 메시지를 상기 제1 장치로 전송하는 단계로서,상기 헤더는 복수의 비트를 포함하는 확장 플래그 필드 및 상기 확장 플래그 필드에서 식별된 데이터 타입 각각에 대응하는 확장 데이터 필드를 포함하고,상기 헤더에 포함된 상기 제2 장치의 QoS(Quality of Service) 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치와 관련된 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는, 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 동작하는 제2 장치에 있어서,적어도 하나의 RF(Radio Frequency) 유닛;적어도 하나의 프로세서; 및상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서와 동작 가능하게 연결되고, 실행될 때, 상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서가 동작을 수행하도록 하는 적어도 하나의 컴퓨터 메모리를 포함하며, 상기 동작은,장치 간 직접 통신을 위한 설정 정보를 제1 장치로부터 수신하고,헤더(header)와 페이로드(payload)를 포함하는 메시지를 상기 제1 장치로 전송하는 동작을 포함하고,상기 헤더는 복수의 비트를 포함하는 확장 플래그 필드 및 상기 확장 플래그 필드에서 식별된 데이터 타입 각각에 대응하는 확장 데이터 필드를 포함하고,상기 헤더에 포함된 상기 제2 장치의 QoS(Quality of Service) 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치와 관련된 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는, 제2 장치.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 동작하는 장치에 있어서,적어도 하나의 프로세서; 및상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서와 동작 가능하게 연결되고, 실행될 때, 상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서가 동작을 수행하도록 하는 적어도 하나의 컴퓨터 메모리를 포함하며, 상기 동작은:장치 간 직접 통신을 위한 설정 정보를 제2 장치로 전송하고,헤더(header)와 페이로드(payload)를 포함하는 메시지를 상기 제2 장치로부터 수신하는 동작을 포함하고,상기 헤더는 복수의 비트를 포함하는 확장 플래그 필드 및 상기 확장 플래그 필드에서 식별된 데이터 타입 각각에 대응하는 확장 데이터 필드를 포함하며,상기 헤더에 포함된 상기 제2 장치의 QoS(Quality of Service) 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치와 관련된 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는, 장치.
- 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 저장 매체에 있어서, 실행될 때, 상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서가 동작을 수행하도록 하는 적어도 하나의 컴퓨터 프로그램을 포함하며, 상기 동작은:장치 간 직접 통신을 위한 설정 정보를 제2 장치로 전송하고,헤더(header)와 페이로드(payload)를 포함하는 메시지를 상기 제2 장치로부터 수신하는 동작을 포함하고,상기 헤더는 복수의 비트를 포함하는 확장 플래그 필드 및 상기 확장 플래그 필드에서 식별된 데이터 타입 각각에 대응하는 확장 데이터 필드를 포함하며,상기 헤더에 포함된 상기 제2 장치의 QoS(Quality of Service) 레벨에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 제2 장치와 관련된 메시지의 전송 주기가 조절되는, 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 저장 매체.
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| EP22887638.9A EP4425973A4 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-27 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING A WIRELESS SIGNAL IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM |
| US18/703,890 US20240422615A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-27 | Method and device for transmitting and receiving wireless signal in wireless communication system |
| KR1020247012020A KR20240099174A (ko) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-27 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 무선 신호 송수신 방법 및 장치 |
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| KR20240099174A (ko) | 2024-06-28 |
| EP4425973A4 (en) | 2025-05-14 |
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