WO2023075574A1 - 겔 폴리머 전해질 이차전지의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 겔 폴리머 전해질 이차전지 - Google Patents
겔 폴리머 전해질 이차전지의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 겔 폴리머 전해질 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023075574A1 WO2023075574A1 PCT/KR2022/016946 KR2022016946W WO2023075574A1 WO 2023075574 A1 WO2023075574 A1 WO 2023075574A1 KR 2022016946 W KR2022016946 W KR 2022016946W WO 2023075574 A1 WO2023075574 A1 WO 2023075574A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery including a gel polymer electrolyte and a gel polymer electrolyte secondary battery manufactured thereby.
- the electrochemical device is the field that is attracting the most attention among these energy storage technology fields, and among them, interest in a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging is emerging.
- the lithium secondary battery developed in the early 1990s has the advantage of higher operating voltage and significantly higher energy density than conventional batteries such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd, and sulfuric acid-lead batteries using aqueous electrolytes. is gaining popularity as
- lithium secondary batteries can be divided into a lithium ion battery using a liquid electrolyte and a lithium polymer battery using a polymer electrolyte, depending on the electrolyte used.
- Lithium ion batteries have the advantage of high capacity, but because they use liquid electrolytes containing lithium salts, there is a risk of leakage and explosion, and the battery design is complicated to prepare for this.
- the lithium polymer battery uses a solid polymer electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte containing an electrolyte as an electrolyte, safety is improved and flexibility can be obtained at the same time. Accordingly, it can be developed in various forms such as small or thin-film batteries.
- the gel polymer electrolyte can be divided into a coating type and an injection type according to the manufacturing method.
- the injectable gel polymer electrolyte may be prepared by injecting a liquid electrolyte containing a crosslinking monomer into a cell, uniformly wetting an electrode assembly with the liquid electrolyte, and performing a crosslinking process. During the crosslinking, the electrolyte solution forms a matrix and is changed into a non-flowable gel state electrolyte.
- Such a gel electrolyte has the advantage of having no thermal safety and leakage problems due to no flow of electrolyte, and having high physical safety due to improved cell strength and being resistant to external impact, but has lower ion conductivity and lower resistance than liquid electrolytes. high. Accordingly, life characteristics tend to be lower than when only liquid electrolyte is used. Accordingly, development for the purpose of improving the ionic conductivity of the gel polymer electrolyte has been requested.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery comprising a gel polymer electrolyte and having high ionic conductivity.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the ionic conductivity of the prepared gel polymer electrolyte in a method for manufacturing a secondary battery including an injectable gel polymer electrolyte using a radical thermal initiation reaction.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a secondary battery including a gel polymer electrolyte, the method including (S10) accommodating an electrode assembly in a battery case; (S20) injecting a composition for forming a gel polymer electrolyte into the battery case; (S30) performing primary sealing and aging of the battery case in an air atmosphere; (S40) releasing the primary seal and degassing; and (S50) performing a crosslinking reaction on the product of step (S40), wherein the secondary battery includes a gel polymer electrolyte in which a portion of the electrolyte is crosslinked to a predetermined crosslinking degree or higher, and the center of the battery The degree of crosslinking increases as you go outward from .
- the step (S40) is performed under a gas atmosphere in which the concentration of oxygen is less than 20 vol%, or under a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere of 90 vol% or more, or in an inert atmosphere of 90 vol% or more. It is carried out under a gaseous atmosphere.
- the secondary battery in the first or second aspect, includes a central portion having a low degree of crosslinking of the electrolyte, and a gel polymer electrolyte surrounding the central portion and exhibiting a high degree of crosslinking compared to the central portion. that includes wealth.
- the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte is a lithium salt; non-aqueous organic solvents; polymerization initiators; and at least one or more polymerizable compounds selected from the group consisting of polymerizable monomers, oligomers and copolymers.
- a process of further injecting oxygen into the battery case is additionally performed before performing the step (S30).
- the aging process of the step (S30) is performed at a temperature of from room temperature to 45 ° C. or higher.
- the degassing in (S40) is within the range of maintaining a volume of 75 vol% to 90 vol% relative to 100 vol% of the volume of the battery before unsealing.
- the crosslinking reaction in step (S50) is carried out at a temperature of 60° C. or higher.
- an activation process is further performed after the step (S50).
- a tenth aspect of the present invention relates to a secondary battery, wherein the secondary battery is manufactured by the method according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, and the degree of crosslinking of the gel polymer electrolyte gradually increases from the inside of the battery to the outside. It includes a center portion that rises and includes a gel polymer electrolyte having a low degree of crosslinking, and an outer portion that surrounds the center portion and includes a gel polymer electrolyte having a higher degree of crosslinking than the center portion.
- the degree of crosslinking of the outer portion is 80% by weight or more, and the degree of crosslinking of the center portion is less than 80% by weight.
- the degree of crosslinking of the central portion is less than 40% by weight.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention has a structure in which a liquid electrolyte maintained in a liquid state without gelation due to crosslinking is included in the inner core portion, and the core portion is crosslinked to a predetermined crosslinking degree or higher and surrounded by a gelled outer portion. From these structural features, ionic conductivity is improved and mechanical properties are improved, so that both the strength and safety of the battery are improved. In addition, since the liquid electrolyte is confined by the gel polymer electrolyte, leakage of the liquid electrolyte is prevented.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention can be manufactured by a simple method of applying a method of gelling only the outer portion of the electrode assembly by controlling the gelation degree of the electrolyte according to the oxygen concentration gradient in the electrode assembly. Therefore, there is no need to prepare a separate device or equipment line for performing the crosslinking step, so the process efficiency is not adversely affected.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 and 3 relate to a method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, and schematically show adjusting the oxygen concentration of the outer portion of the electrode assembly to be lower than that of the center portion before performing the gelation step by degassing.
- 'A and/or B' means 'A or B or both'.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention includes an electrode assembly in which one or more of a negative electrode, a separator, and a positive electrode are independently included, and a negative electrode, a separator, and a positive electrode are sequentially stacked so that the negative electrode and the positive electrode are electrically insulated between the negative electrode and the positive electrode by the separator.
- the secondary battery includes an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is impregnated with the electrolyte.
- the battery has a shape in which the crosslinking degree of the electrolyte increases from the inside to the outside.
- the central portion of the electrode assembly has a relatively low degree of crosslinking and fluidity of the electrolyte impregnated into the electrode assembly, and the outer portion has a lower crosslinking degree than the electrolyte impregnated in the electrode assembly than the central portion. It shows a high degree of crosslinking, has very low fluidity or does not show fluidity. Since the central portion is surrounded by the outer portion, the electrolyte having a low degree of crosslinking present in the central portion is encapsulated by an electrolyte having a high degree of crosslinking, and thus exists in a state in which it is not released to the outside of the electrode assembly.
- the electrode assembly may include a transition portion in which a degree of crosslinking increases from the central portion to the outer portion.
- the transition portion may be present between the central portion and the outer portion, and a degree of crosslinking of the electrolyte may be higher than that of the central portion and lower than that of the outer portion.
- the transition part may mean a region in which the degree of crosslinking changes from an arbitrary point in the center to an arbitrary point in the periphery, rather than a region separated from the central portion and the outer portion.
- the electrode assembly of the present invention includes a central part and an outer part surrounding the central part, the central part is a part in which the degree of crosslinking of the electrolyte is relatively low compared to the outer part, and the outer part is relatively electrolyte than the central part. It is a portion with a high degree of crosslinking, and may include a transition portion, which is a region in which the degree of crosslinking increases from the center to the outer portion.
- 1 is a cross-sectional view of a secondary battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The cross-sectional view is an exemplary cross-section in a direction parallel to the stacking direction of the electrode assembly. Referring to this, the battery includes a battery case 120 in which the electrode assembly 100 is embedded.
- the electrode assembly is one in which at least one negative electrode and one positive electrode are sequentially stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, and includes an electrode tab 130 drawn from the negative electrode and/or the positive electrode.
- the battery includes an electrolyte and the electrode assembly is impregnated with the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte In the central portion (C) of the electrode assembly, the electrolyte has a low degree of crosslinking and has fluidity.
- the electrolyte of the central portion may exhibit a viscosity of 0 cP to 10 cP.
- the central portion may exhibit a degree of crosslinking of less than 80% by weight and preferably less than 40% by weight.
- the central portion is surrounded by an outer portion P, and the outer portion has a higher degree of crosslinking of the electrolyte than the central portion, and preferably does not exhibit fluidity.
- the electrolyte of the outer portion may exhibit a degree of crosslinking of 80% by weight to 100% by weight.
- the outer portion may exhibit a degree of crosslinking of 80% to 100% by weight, and the central portion may exhibit a degree of crosslinking of less than 80% by weight or less than 40% by weight.
- the electrode assembly includes a center portion, a transition portion, and an outer portion, and at this time, the difference in crosslinking between the outer portion and the center portion is 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, It may represent 40% by weight or more or 50% by weight or more, and a transition part having a higher crosslinking degree than the central part and a lower crosslinking degree than the outer part may be included between the central part and the outer part.
- the degree of crosslinking is determined by checking the remaining amount of unreacted polymerizable compound from the carbon double bond peak through NMR analysis for each electrolyte collected from the outer and central parts of the electrode assembly, Based on this, it can be confirmed by substituting into Equation 1 below to calculate the ratio of the unreacted polymerizable compound in the collected electrolyte sample.
- 1D Normal NMR One Dimensional Normal Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- the analysis of the result was fixed at 100 based on the ethylene carbonate (EC) peak, which is the least volatile in the 1 H NMR spectrum, and then the integral value of the acrylate double bond peak of each sample was obtained and the acrylate double bond area of the reference sample It can be calculated by normalizing to 100 to calculate the relative area value.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- the remaining weight is measured, and the ratio of the remaining dry weight to the initial weight can be calculated. there is.
- the viscosity may be measured using a viscometer such as Brookfield digital viscometer (RV DV2T). Specifically, the viscosity measurement may be measured under an rpm condition in which a torque is 20% ( ⁇ 1%) after the measurement object and a spindle connected to the viscometer are brought into contact.
- RV DV2T Brookfield digital viscometer
- the boundary line between the outer part and the center, or the boundary between the outer part and the transition part, or the boundary line(s) between the transition part and the center is specified according to dimensions or ratios such as length, width, or thickness of the electrode assembly. It is not determined by the location, but by the degree of crosslinking of the electrolyte.
- the portion showing a crosslinking degree of 80% or more from the outer side of the electrode assembly toward the inner center is referred to as the outer portion, and the portion surrounded by the outer portion and showing a crosslinking degree of less than 80% may be referred to as the center portion. there is.
- the empty space of the battery case outside the electrode assembly in the battery may be filled with an electrolyte.
- an electrolyte This will be described below as a filling part.
- the electrolyte filling the battery case is gelled and may be formed in a shape in which it is integrally and inseparably combined with the outer portion without being separated.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention can be manufactured by putting an electrode assembly in a battery case, injecting a gel composition into the battery case, and then going through a gelation step. It can be connected and formed in an integrated state.
- the transition part may extend to the outside of the electrode assembly and occupy a part of the filling part. That is, in the present invention, the central portion is disposed in the electrode assembly, the central portion is surrounded by a transition portion, and the transition portion is surrounded by an outer portion, and as a result, the electrolyte in liquid state is disposed so as not to directly contact the case.
- . 1 schematically illustrates a shape in which a transition part occupies a part of a filling part beyond the outer boundary of an electrode assembly.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode composite material, and the positive electrode composite material may include a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive material.
- the positive electrode mixture is described as not including an electrolyte impregnated into the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode active material layer has a porous property including a plurality of pores, and the pores are filled with the electrolyte as described above, and the electrolyte has a crosslinking degree depending on which part of the electrode assembly the pores are located. It may have a solid state that exhibits fluidity due to a low degree of crosslinking or exhibits no fluidity due to a high degree of crosslinking.
- the cathode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause chemical change in the battery and has conductivity.
- the cathode active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, and specifically, may include a lithium composite metal oxide containing lithium and at least one metal such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or aluminum. there is.
- the lithium composite metal oxide is lithium-manganese-based oxide (eg, LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), lithium-cobalt-based oxide (eg, LiCoO 2 , etc.), lithium-nickel-based oxide (eg, LiNiO 2 , etc.), lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (eg, LiNi 1-Y Mn Y O 2 (where 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z Ni z O 4 ( Here, 0 ⁇ Z ⁇ 2), etc.), lithium-nickel-cobalt-based oxide (eg, LiNi 1-Y1 Co Y1 O 2 (here, 0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1), etc.), lithium-manganese-cobalt based oxides (eg, LiCo 1-Y2 Mn Y2 O 2 (where 0 ⁇ Y2 ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z1 Co z1 O 4 (where 0 ⁇ Z1 ⁇ 2), etc.), lithium-nickel -
- the lithium composite metal oxide is LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (eg Li(Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1 /3 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2 and Li(Ni 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 )O 2 , etc.), or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (eg, Li(Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 )O 2 , etc.).
- lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide eg Li(Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1 /3 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2
- the cathode active material may be included in an amount of 50 wt% to 99 wt% based on 100 wt% of the cathode composite.
- the binder is a component that aids in the bonding of the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and the bonding to the current collector, and may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on 100% by weight of the positive electrode composite.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluorocarbons, roethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene ter monomer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, various copolymers, and the like.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene ter monomer
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene ter monomer
- the conductive material may be added in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 30 wt%, for example, 1 wt% to 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid content in the positive electrode composite.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change to the battery, and examples thereof include carbon black, acetylene black (or Denka black), Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or carbon powders such as thermal black; graphite powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite having a highly developed crystal structure; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- carbon black acetylene black (or Denka black), Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or carbon powders such as thermal black
- graphite powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite having a highly developed crystal structure
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- metal powders such as carbon
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode composite, and the negative electrode composite may include a negative electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive material.
- the negative electrode mixture is described as not including an electrolyte impregnated into the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode active material layer has a porous property including a plurality of pores, and the pores are filled with the electrolyte as described above, and the electrolyte has fluidity depending on which part of the electrode assembly the pores are located. It may exhibit a liquid state with a certain degree of crosslinking and may have a solid state with no fluidity.
- the anode current collector may generally have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause chemical change in the battery and has high conductivity.
- it is made of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel.
- a surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, an aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like may be used.
- fine irregularities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous bodies, foams, and nonwoven fabrics.
- the anode active material is a lithium metal, a carbon material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a metal or an alloy of these metals and lithium, a metal composite oxide, and a lithium doping and undoping. materials, and at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides.
- any carbon-based negative electrode active material commonly used in lithium ion secondary batteries may be used without particular limitation, and typical examples thereof include crystalline carbon, Amorphous carbon or a combination thereof may be used.
- the crystalline carbon include graphite such as amorphous, plate-like, flake-like, spherical or fibrous natural graphite or artificial graphite, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low-temperature calcined carbon). or hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, and the like.
- metal composite oxide examples include PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 2 O 5 , Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), and Sn x Me 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe , Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, Groups 1, 2, and 3 elements of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8) Anything selected from the group may be used.
- Materials capable of doping and undoping the lithium include Si, SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Si—Y alloy (wherein Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a transition metal, It is an element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements and combinations thereof, but not Si), Sn, SnO 2 , Sn—Y (Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, and a rare earth element). It is an element selected from the group consisting of elements and combinations thereof, but not Sn), and the like, and at least one of these and SiO 2 may be mixed and used.
- the element Y is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, It may be selected from the group consisting of Te, Po, and combinations thereof.
- transition metal oxide examples include lithium-containing titanium composite oxide (LTO), vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 50% to 99% by weight based on 100% by weight of the negative electrode composite.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and is typically added in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on 100% by weight of the negative electrode composite.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluorocarbons, roethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, various copolymers thereof, and the like.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- sulfonated-EPDM styrene-butadiene rubber
- the conductive material is a component for further improving the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 0.5% to 30% by weight, for example, 1% to 20% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the negative electrode composite.
- This conductive material may be the same as or different from the conductive material used in the manufacture of the anode, and for example, carbon black, acetylene black (or Denka black), Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or thermal black carbon powders such as; graphite powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite having a highly developed crystal structure; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the separator serves to block internal short-circuiting of both electrodes and impregnate the electrolyte, and may include an insulating porous sheet such as a polymer film and a polymer nonwoven fabric.
- the polymer film is prepared by mixing a polymer resin, a filler and a solvent to prepare a separator composition, and then directly coating and drying the separator composition on an electrode to form a separator film, or casting the separator composition on a support and After drying, the separator film peeled from the support may be laminated on top of the electrode to form.
- the separator is a commonly used porous polymer film, for example, a porous film made of a polyolefin-based polymer such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer.
- the polymer film may be used alone or by laminating them, or a conventional porous non-woven fabric, for example, a polymer non-woven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber or polyethylene terephthalate fiber, may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the pore diameter of the porous separator is generally 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and the porosity may be 5 vol% to 95 vol%.
- the thickness of the porous separator may generally range from 5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the separator has a porous property including a plurality of pores, and the pores are filled with an electrolyte as described above, and the electrolyte is a fluid liquid depending on which part of the electrode assembly the pores are located. state or may have a solid state with a certain degree of crosslinking and no fluidity.
- the separator may include an organic/inorganic composite porous coating layer including inorganic particles and a binder resin material on the surface.
- the inorganic particles may have a particle diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, and are not particularly limited as long as they are electrochemically stable and do not undergo oxidation and/or reduction reactions at the driving potential of the battery.
- the inorganic particles include BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), Pb 1-x La x Zr 1-y Ti y O 3 (PLZT, where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), Hafnia (HfO 2 ), SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, At least one selected from the group consisting of ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiC, TiO 2 , boehmite, aluminum oxide, and aluminum hydroxide may be included.
- the battery case is not limited to a special material or shape, and may be, for example, a cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape using a metal can. Alternatively, it may be a pouch type in which a pouch film is used. Alternatively, a case such as a coin shape may also be used.
- the method for manufacturing the secondary battery in one embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing the secondary battery
- step (S50) performing a crosslinking reaction on the product of step (S40);
- an electrode assembly is manufactured and then stored in a battery case (S10).
- the electrode assembly is as described for the secondary battery according to the present invention. Accordingly, for convenience of description, duplicate description is not made.
- the electrode assembly may be rolled up and prepared in a jelly-roll form or stacked or stacked-folded according to the purpose or use of the battery.
- composition for a gel polymer electrolyte is injected into a battery case in which the electrode assembly is accommodated (S20).
- the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte includes (a) a lithium salt; (b) a non-aqueous organic solvent; (c) a polymerization initiator; and (d) at least one or more polymerizable compounds selected from the group consisting of polymerizable monomers, oligomers and copolymers.
- the lithium salt is used as an electrolyte salt in a lithium secondary battery, and is used as a medium for transferring ions.
- a lithium salt contains Li + as a cation and F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , AlO 4 as an anion - , AlCl 4 - , PF 6 - , SbF 6 - , AsF 6 - , BF 2 C 2 O 4 - , BC 4 O 8 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , C 4 F 9 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO
- the lithium salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more, if necessary.
- the lithium salt may be appropriately changed within a generally usable range, but in order to obtain an optimum effect of forming a film for preventing corrosion on the electrode surface, the concentration of 0.5M to 2M, specifically 0.9M to 1.5M in the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte. can be included
- the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte of the present invention includes 0.5 M or more of a lithium salt, so that resistance due to depletion of lithium ions during high-rate charging and discharging can be reduced. Moreover, when the concentration of the electrolyte salt in the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte of the present invention satisfies the above range, due to the increase in lithium cations present in the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, high lithium cation (Li + ) ion transport characteristics (ie, , cation transport rate (transference number) can be secured, and an effect of reducing diffusion resistance of lithium ions can be achieved, thereby implementing an effect of improving cycle capacity characteristics.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent is not limited as long as it can minimize decomposition due to an oxidation reaction or the like in the charging and discharging process of a secondary battery and can exhibit desired characteristics together with an additive.
- a carbonate-based organic solvent, an ether-based organic solvent, or an ester-based organic solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carbonate-based organic solvent may include at least one of a cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent and a linear carbonate-based organic solvent.
- the cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent is ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), specifically ethylene carbonate and ethylene having a high permittivity It may include a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate having a relatively low melting point compared to carbonate.
- the linear carbonate-based organic solvent is a solvent having a low viscosity and a low dielectric constant, and includes dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methyl It may include at least one or more selected from the group consisting of propyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate, and more specifically, may include dimethyl carbonate.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- the ether-based organic solvent may be any one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether and ethyl propyl ether, or a mixture of two or more of them, but is limited thereto it is not going to be
- the ester-based organic solvent may include at least one selected from the group consisting of linear ester-based organic solvents and cyclic ester-based organic solvents.
- the linear ester-based organic solvent is any one selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, and butyl propionate, or any one of these Mixtures of two or more kinds may be used representatively, but are not limited thereto.
- the cyclic ester-based organic solvent is any one or two selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone. Mixtures of the above may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the cyclic carbonate-based compound is a high-viscosity organic solvent and can be preferably used because it dissociates the lithium salt in the electrolyte well due to its high permittivity.
- a dielectric constant linear carbonate-based compound and a linear ester-based compound are mixed and used in an appropriate ratio, a gel polymer electrolyte having high electrical conductivity can be prepared and can be more preferably used.
- the polymerization initiator conventional thermal or photopolymerization initiators known in the art may be used.
- the polymerization initiator may be decomposed by heat to form radicals, and may react with the aforementioned crosslinking agent through free radical polymerization to form a gel polymer electrolyte.
- non-limiting examples of the polymerization initiator include benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide (di-tert- butylperoxide), t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, cumyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide.
- the polymerization initiator is decomposed by heat in the battery, for example, at 30 ° C to 100 ° C, or decomposed at room temperature (5 ° C to 30 ° C) to form radicals, and polymerizable oligomers are converted into acrylates by free radical polymerization.
- a gel polymer electrolyte may be formed by reacting with the based compound.
- the polymerization initiator may be included in an amount of 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, specifically 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- the gel polymer conversion rate can be increased to secure the properties of the gel polymer electrolyte, and the pre-gel reaction can be prevented, thereby improving the wetting property of the electrolyte solution to the electrode.
- the polymerizable compound, the polymerizable monomer, oligomer or copolymer has a polymerizable functional group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an allyl group, and a (meth)acrylic group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction in the structure, and polymerization Or, as a compound that can be changed into a gel state by crosslinking, it is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a synthetic monomer, oligomer or copolymer for preparing a conventional gel polymer electrolyte.
- the polymerizable monomer includes, but is not limited to, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (molecular weight of 50 to 20,000), and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate.
- copolymers are representative examples thereof, such as allyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether (TFE))-(2,2,2-trifluoro ethyl acrylate) copolymer, TFE-vinyl acetate Copolymer, TFE-(2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane) Copolymer, TFE-Vinyl Methacrylate Copolymer, TFE-Acrylonitrile Copolymer, TFE-Vinyl Acrylate Copolymer, TFE-Methyl Acrylate and at least one selected from the group consisting of a late copolymer, a TFE-methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer, and a TFE-2,2,2-trifluoro ethyl acrylate (FA) copolymer.
- TFE allyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether
- the polymerizable compound may be included in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 10 wt % based on the total weight of the gel polymer electrolyte composition. If the content of the polymerizable compound exceeds 10% by weight, there is a disadvantage in that gelation occurs too quickly or becomes too dense during injection of the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte into the battery, resulting in a gel having high resistance. Conversely, the content of the polymerizable compound If the amount is less than 0.01% by weight, a problem of poor gelation may occur.
- composition for a gel polymer electrolyte of the present invention prevents the collapse of the anode due to decomposition in a high-output environment during manufacture of the gel polymer electrolyte, low-temperature high-rate discharge characteristics, high-temperature stability, overcharge prevention, swelling improvement effect during high-temperature storage, etc.
- additional additives capable of forming a more stable ion conductive film on the surface of the electrode may be further included, if necessary.
- the additional additives include sultone-based compounds, sulfite-based compounds, sulfone-based compounds, sulfate-based compounds, halogen-substituted carbonate-based compounds, nitrile-based compounds, cyclic carbonate-based compounds, phosphate-based compounds, and borate-based compounds as representative examples thereof.
- the sultone-based compounds include 1,3-propane sultone (PS), 1,4-butane sultone, ethensultone, 1,3-propene sultone (PRS), 1,4-butene sultone, and 1-methyl-1, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 3-propene sultone, which may be included in an amount of 0.3% to 5% by weight, specifically 1% to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte. there is.
- the content of the sultone-based compound in the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte exceeds 5% by weight, an excessively thick film may be formed on the surface of the electrode, resulting in an increase in resistance and deterioration in output, and an excessive amount of additives in the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte Resistance may increase, and output characteristics may deteriorate.
- sulfite-based compound examples include ethylene sulfite, methyl ethylene sulfite, ethyl ethylene sulfite, 4,5-dimethyl ethylene sulfite, 4,5-diethyl ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, and 4,5-dimethyl propylene.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of sulfite, 4,5-diethyl propylene sulfite, 4,6-dimethyl propylene sulfite, 4,6-diethyl propylene sulfite, and 1,3-butylene glycol sulfite compounds may be included in an amount of 3% by weight or less based on the total weight of the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte.
- the sulfone-based compound may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of divinyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, methylethyl sulfone, and methylvinyl sulfone, based on the total weight of the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte. may be included in a weight percent or less.
- the sulfate-based compound may include ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylenesulfate (TMS), or methyl trimethylene sulfate (MTMS), based on the total weight of the gel polymer electrolyte composition It may be included in 3% by weight or less.
- Esa ethylene sulfate
- TMS trimethylenesulfate
- MTMS methyl trimethylene sulfate
- the halogen-substituted carbonate-based compound may include fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)), and may be included in an amount of 5% by weight or less based on the total weight of the gel polymer electrolyte composition.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the content of the halogen-substituted carbonate-based compound in the gel polymer electrolyte composition exceeds 5% by weight, cell swelling performance may deteriorate.
- the nitrile-based compound is succinonitrile, adiponitrile (Adn), acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexanecarbonitrile, In the group consisting of 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile and at least one or more selected compounds.
- the cyclic carbonate-based compound may include vinylene carbonate (VC) or vinylethylene carbonate, and may be included in an amount of 3% by weight or less based on the total weight of the gel polymer electrolyte composition.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- vinylethylene carbonate When the content of the cyclic carbonate-based compound in the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte exceeds 3% by weight, cell swelling inhibition performance may deteriorate.
- the phosphate-based compound is lithium difluoro (bisoxalato) phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tetramethyl trimethyl silyl phosphate, trimethyl silyl phosphite, tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate and tris (trifluoroethyl) may include one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of phosphites, and may be included in an amount of 3% by weight or less based on the total weight of the gel polymer electrolyte composition.
- the borate-based compound may include lithium oxalyldifluoroborate, and may be included in an amount of 3% by weight or less based on the total weight of the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte.
- the lithium salt-based compound is a compound different from the lithium salt included in the composition for the gel polymer electrolyte, and is composed of LiPO 2 F 2 , LiODFB, LiBOB (lithium bisoxalate borate (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ) and LiBF 4 ) .
- One or more compounds selected from the group may be included, and may be included in an amount of 3% by weight or less based on the total weight of the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte.
- Two or more of the additional additives may be mixed and included in an amount of 20 wt% or less, specifically 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the gel polymer electrolyte composition. If the content of the additional additives is less than 0.01% by weight, the effect of improving the low-temperature output, high-temperature storage characteristics, and high-temperature lifespan characteristics of the battery is insignificant, and if the content of the additional additives exceeds 20% by weight, the battery is charged and discharged during charging and discharging. Side reactions in the composition for gel polymer electrolyte may excessively occur.
- the composition may not be sufficiently decomposed at high temperatures, and may exist as unreacted or precipitated in the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte at room temperature. Accordingly, a side reaction that deteriorates the lifespan or resistance characteristics of the secondary battery may occur.
- the battery case is first sealed and aged in an air atmosphere (S30).
- the sealing is sufficient to prevent leakage of the electrolyte solution to the outside of the battery case during an aging process described later.
- the inside of the battery is sealed in a state in which air remains, and the air may contain about 21 vol% of oxygen.
- a process of further injecting oxygen into the battery case is performed to increase the oxygen concentration inside the battery case to the atmospheric level or higher, that is, to 21 vol% or higher before performing the primary sealing.
- the pressure range does not need to be particularly limited, and may be performed, for example, under normal pressure conditions.
- An aging step may be performed after the primary sealing.
- the electrode assembly can be sufficiently impregnated with the composition, and the impregnation can be made uniformly throughout the electrode assembly.
- the concentration of oxygen may be uniform throughout the electrode assembly.
- the aging is not particularly limited, but may be performed within several hours to several days. For example, it may be performed within 72 hours.
- general liquid electrolytes are applied at high temperatures (60 ° C. or more) to enhance the aging effect, but in the case of gel polymers, there is a risk of pre-gel generation, so the aging is preferably performed in the range of room temperature to 45 ° C.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the shape in which oxygen 300 is evenly distributed in the primary sealed battery.
- the step (S40) is to make the oxygen concentration in the center of the electrode assembly higher than the oxygen concentration in the outer portion.
- the step (S40) may be performed by reopening the secondary battery, which is the result of the step (S30), and degassing.
- the opening may be performed by cutting a portion indicated by a dotted line (A) in FIG. 2 . 3 shows the shape of the oxygen concentration gradient generated by degassing.
- the degassing may be performed within a range of maintaining the volume of 75% to 90% of 100% of the volume of the battery before unsealing.
- degassing is performed so that the volume of the battery is 70% or less of 100% of the volume of the battery before unsealing in order to remove gas generated in the aging process as much as possible.
- degassing is performed under conditions satisfying the above range in order to maintain a predetermined oxygen concentration inside the battery.
- the volume of the battery means the total volume of the space surrounded by the exterior material, and is not excluding the empty space inside the battery surrounded by the exterior material.
- the volume of the battery after the degassing may be greater than the volume of the battery immediately after the first sealing (before aging, ie, before gas generation).
- the volume of the battery before the sealing may be different for each battery according to the amount of gas generated.
- the amount of gas generated may be influenced by the type of electrolyte, the type of additive component in the electrolyte, the type of battery material such as electrode active material, aging time and temperature.
- degassing within the above range from the viewpoint that oxygen can remain inside the battery by maintaining a predetermined amount of gas generated during the aging process inside the battery without removing all of it.
- the degree of crosslinking of the outer portion may be maintained higher than that of the central portion.
- the amount of gas generated during aging of the battery designed before mass production and the volume change due to gas discharge are measured in advance to control the process so that the degassing is performed within the above range of volume change rate.
- At least the degassing process or the opening and degassing process may be performed under a gas atmosphere in which the oxygen concentration is lower than that of the atmosphere.
- the process is carried out in a gas atmosphere in which the concentration of oxygen is less than 20 vol%, or in a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere of 90 vol% or more, or in an inert gas atmosphere such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, or xeon, or more than 90 vol% can be performed under
- N 2 nitrogen
- an inert gas atmosphere such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, or xeon, or more than 90 vol%
- the crosslinking reaction of the outer portion may not be hindered by oxygen released from the inside of the electrode assembly to the outside. Accordingly, a battery having a relatively low degree of crosslinking in the center and a relatively high degree of crosslinking in the outer part can be manufactured.
- the battery case may be sealed again (secondary sealing) before proceeding with the next crosslinking reaction.
- the secondary sealing process is carried out under a gas atmosphere in which the concentration of oxygen is less than 20 vol%, as described above, is carried out under a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere of 90 vol% or more, or helium of 90 vol% or more, It may be performed under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as neon, argon, krypton, or xeon.
- the crosslinking reaction may proceed by disposing the battery in a heating device and heating it.
- the electrolyte composition starts to gel continuously from the outside to the inside of the battery.
- the battery has an internal/external oxygen concentration gradient, and the gelation reaction occurs relatively well on the outside of the battery compared to the inside, but the inside of the battery where the oxygen concentration is relatively high is radical quenching of oxygen By its function, the chain reaction of polymer monomers, that is, the gelation reaction, is suppressed.
- the center of the battery has a relatively low degree of crosslinking, such that the electrolyte does not gel and is maintained in a liquid phase, and the outer portion surrounding the center is crosslinked to a predetermined degree of crosslinking to become a gel polymer electrolyte.
- the crosslinking reaction may be carried out at a temperature of 60 °C or higher. In addition, it may be preferably carried out within the range of 60 °C or more and 75 °C or less. When the temperature is lower than 60°C, the crosslinking reaction is not initiated, and when the temperature exceeds 75°C, the electrolyte additive may be decomposed.
- the heating device may be preheated to a predetermined temperature before the battery is loaded.
- heat is rapidly transferred to the outer portion of the electrode assembly to further promote gelation of the outer portion.
- the secondary battery manufacturing method of the present invention forms an oxygen concentration gradient between the outside and the inside of the secondary battery so that the crosslinking reaction sufficiently proceeds in the outer part with low oxygen concentration and suppresses the crosslinking in the center with high oxygen concentration, so that the electrolyte inside the battery This degree of crosslinking is low, so as to form a core that remains fluid. That is, the manufacturing method of the present invention varies the degree of crosslinking of the gel composition by using the difference in oxygen concentration between the center and the outer portion of the battery, and finally, the liquid electrolyte is rich in the center of the battery and the gel electrolyte is rich in the outer portion of the battery. Durability and safety can be improved at the same time.
- the crosslinking reaction in step (S50) may be performed at 60 °C to 75 °C for 5 hours to 24 hours.
- the step (S50) may be performed at about 70° C. for about 5 hours.
- one or two or more activation processes may be further performed after the step (S50).
- a degassing process for removing gas generated inside the battery may be additionally performed.
- the degassing process may be performed after the entire activation process is finished or between each activation process.
- the activation process of the battery may be performed by a known method.
- one or more charge/discharge processes can be applied to the battery.
- the activation process may include charging to a range of 60% or more of the SOC at a 0.2 C-rate.
- gas remaining in the battery case may be removed by applying pressure for several seconds to several minutes under a pressure of -85 kPa to -95 kPa or -90 kPa to -95 kPa compared to atmospheric pressure.
- the additional degassing process may be performed for about 10 seconds.
- the secondary battery obtained through the manufacturing method according to the present invention includes an electrolyte having a low degree of cross-linking in the central portion, and the central portion is formed by an outer portion in the form of a gel electrolyte crosslinked with a predetermined degree of crosslinking or more. It may have an encapsulated form.
- the secondary battery is preferably a lithium secondary battery
- the lithium secondary battery include a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, or a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
- Carbon powder (mixed with 90% artificial graphite and 10% natural graphite by weight) as the negative electrode active material, PVDF as the binder, and carbon black as the conductive material at 96% by weight, 3% by weight, and 1% by weight, respectively. It was added to NMP to prepare a negative electrode active material slurry (solid content: 80%). The anode active material slurry was coated on a copper (Cu) thin film as a negative electrode collector having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried to prepare a negative electrode, and then rolled pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
- Cu copper
- a stack-type electrode assembly was manufactured by sequentially stacking the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and a separator composed of three layers of polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE/PP).
- the manufactured electrode assembly is a stack of 20 positive electrodes.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- 5% by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate as a polymerizable compound based on 100% by weight of the composition for gel polymer electrolyte and 0.02% by weight of AIBN as a polymerization initiator based on 100% by weight of the composition for gel polymer electrolyte were added to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution to form a gel.
- a composition for a polymer electrolyte was prepared.
- the electrode assembly was inserted into a pouch-type battery case, and the composition for the gel polymer electrolyte was injected. Then, the battery case was sealed under normal pressure. The sealing was performed by pressing the sealing portion of the pouch at 140° C. for 2 seconds. After sealing the battery case, it was rested for 3 days at room temperature. Next, the battery case was opened and degassed (first), and then sealed again. Finally, the battery was placed in a heating chamber and heated at 70° C. for 5 hours to prepare a lithium secondary battery including a thermally polymerized gel polymer electrolyte.
- the primary degassing conditions pressurization pressure and pressurization time
- the battery was charged up to SOC 60% at 0.2 C, the battery case was opened, and degassed (additional degassing) for 10 seconds under a reduced pressure condition of -95 kPa.
- An electrode assembly and a composition for a gel polymer electrolyte were prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2.
- the electrode assembly was inserted into the battery case, and the gel polymer electrolyte composition was injected. Then, the battery case was sealed under normal pressure. The sealing was performed by pressing the sealing portion of the pouch at 140° C. for 2 seconds. After sealing the battery case, it was rested for 3 days at room temperature. Next, the battery case was opened and degassed (first) in a helium atmosphere. It was then sealed again. Finally, the battery was placed in a heating chamber and heated at 70° C. for 5 hours to prepare a lithium secondary battery including a thermally polymerized gel polymer electrolyte.
- the primary degassing conditions pressurization pressure and pressurization time
- the battery was charged up to SOC 60% at 0.2 C, the battery case was opened, and degassed (additional degassing) for 10 seconds under a reduced pressure condition of -95 kPa.
- a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the first degassing step, the pressing pressure was set to 95 kPa and the time was set to 30 minutes.
- a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the primary degassing was not performed.
- Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 1st degassing time 30 X 10 30 30 1st degassing pressure (kPa) 95 X 95 85 85 Volume of battery after 1st degassing (relative to 100% of battery volume before degassing) 68 100 82 85 84 Degree of intra-cell cross-linking (%) 98 65 75 79 78 Degree of cross-linking outside the cell (%) 100 83 97 95 98
- Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Resistance (mOhm) 4.5 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.0 Life (%, 100cycle) 94.3 99.2 97.7 97.1 96.4 cell stiffness (%) 100 70.3 94.8 91.3 94.3 Nail (Pass/Total) 3/3 0/3 3/3 3/3 3/3
- the degree of crosslinking of the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was measured in the following manner.
- an electrode assembly was obtained, and an electrolyte sample was collected by disassembling it into an outer portion and a central portion.
- Each of the collected samples was put in acetone (Acetone d-6), shaken at room temperature for about 1 hour, and then filtered to remove impurities such as an electrode active material or a conductive material to obtain a filtrate.
- the residual amount of the unreacted polymerizable compound was measured from the carbon double bond peak data through NMR analysis of the filtrate, and the degree of crosslinking was calculated according to Equation 1 below by comparing it with the amount of the collected electrolyte sample.
- Degree of crosslinking 100 - (amount of unreacted polymerizable compound / amount of electrolyte sample collected) x 100
- the NMR analysis was measured by a 1D Normal NMR (One Dimensional Normal Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) method.
- the relative area value was calculated by normalizing the acrylate double bond area of the reference sample to 100, and the results were summarized and listed in the table above.
- the stiffness of the lithium secondary battery according to Comparative Example 1 was measured for the central part of the battery using a texture analyzer ball type equipment at a speed of 10 mm/min, a distance of 1.2 mm, and a trigger force of 50 g.
- the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were fully charged at 4.4V at room temperature, and then subjected to GB/T conditions (nail diameter 2.5 mm, penetration speed 6 m/min). A nail penetration experiment was conducted. The results for this are shown in [Table 2] above.
- Example 1 in which degassing was performed at a relatively low pressure and for a long time and Example 2 in which degassing was performed at a relatively high pressure and for a short time were performed in terms of performance. It was confirmed that resistance characteristics and life characteristics were excellent compared to other Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, Examples 1 and 2 were superior to other experimental examples in mechanical properties of the electrode assemblies. In addition, in the case of Example 3, it was confirmed that opening-degassing-resealing was performed under an inert gas atmosphere, and thus the degree of crosslinking of the outer portion increased. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the ionic conductivity and lifetime characteristics were secured at a level sufficient for driving the battery, and at the same time, the mechanical strength was further improved.
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Abstract
Description
| 비교예1 | 비교예2 | 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 |
실시예 3 | |
| 1차 디개싱 시간 | 30 | X | 10 | 30 | 30 |
| 1차 디개싱 압력(kPa) | 95 | X | 95 | 85 | 85 |
| 1차 디개싱 후 전지의 부피(탈기 전 전지 부피 100% 대비) | 68 | 100 | 82 | 85 | 84 |
| 셀 내부 가교도 (%) | 98 | 65 | 75 | 79 | 78 |
| 셀 외부 가교도 (%) | 100 | 83 | 97 | 95 | 98 |
| 비교예1 | 비교예2 | 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | |
| 저항 (mOhm) | 4.5 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.0 |
| 수명 (%, 100cycle) | 94.3 | 99.2 | 97.7 | 97.1 | 96.4 |
| 셀 강성 (%) | 100 | 70.3 | 94.8 | 91.3 | 94.3 |
| Nail (Pass/Total) | 3/3 | 0/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 |
Claims (12)
- 겔 폴리머 전해질을 포함하는 이차 전지 제조 방법이며,상기 방법은(S10) 전극 조립체를 전지 케이스 수납하는 단계;(S20) 상기 전지 케이스 내에 젤 고분자 전해질 형성용 조성물을 주입하는 단계;(S30) 상기 전지 케이스를 대기 분위기 하에서 1차밀봉하고 에이징 하는 단계;(S40) 상기 1차밀봉을 해제하고 디개싱하는 단계; 및(S50) 상기 (S40) 단계의 결과물에 대해서 가교 반응을 진행시키는 단계;를 포함하며,상기 이차 전지는 상기 전해질의 일부가 소정 가교도 이상으로 가교된 겔 폴리머 전해질을 포함하며, 전지의 중심에서 외부로 갈수록 가교도가 증가하는 것인 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 (S40) 단계는 산소의 농도가 20vol% 미만인 기체 분위기 하에서 수행되거나, 90vol% 이상의 질소(N2) 분위기 하에서 수행되거나 또는 90vol% 이상의 불활성 기체의 분위기 하에서 수행되는 것인 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 이차 전지는 상기 전해질의 가교도가 낮은 중심부, 및 상기 중심부를 둘러싸고 있으며 중심부에 비해서 높은 가교도를 나타내는 겔 폴리머 전해질을 포함하는 외곽부를 포함하는 것인 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 겔 폴리머 전해질용 조성물은 리튬염; 비수계 유기 용매; 중합 개시제; 및 중합성 단량체, 올리고머 및 코폴리머로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나 이상의 중합성 화합물;을 포함하는 것인 이차 전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 (S30) 단계 수행 전 전지 케이스 내에 산소를 더 주입하는 공정이 추가적으로 수행되는 것인 이차 전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 (S30) 단계의 에이징 공정은 상온 내지 45℃ 이상의 온도에서 수행되는 것인 이차 전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 (S40)의 디개싱은 밀봉 해제 전 전지의 부피 100vol% 대비 75vol% 내지 90vol%의 부피를 유지하는 범위 내에서 수행되는 것인 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 (S50) 단계의 가교 반응은 60℃ 이상의 온도에서 수행되는 것인 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 (S50) 단계 진행 이후 활성화 공정이 더 수행되는 것인 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 따른 방법에 의해서 제조되며,전지 내부에서 외부로 갈수록 겔 폴리머 전해질의 가교도가 단계적 또는 점진적으로 상승하며, 가교도가 낮은 겔 폴리머 전해질을 포함하는 중심부, 및 상기 중심부를 둘러싸고 있으며 중심부보다 높은 가교도를 갖는 겔 폴리머 전해질을 포함하는 외곽부를 포함하는 것인 이차 전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 외곽부는 가교도가 80중량% 이상이며, 중심부는 가교도가 80중량% 미만인 것인 이차 전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 중심부는 가교도가 40중량% 미만인 것인 이차 전지.
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| JP2023540606A JP7744988B2 (ja) | 2021-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | ゲルポリマー電解質二次電池の製造方法及びこれにより製造されたゲルポリマー電解質二次電池 |
| US18/700,851 US20250183367A1 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Method for Manufacturing Gel Polymer Electrolyte Secondary Battery and Gel Polymer Electrolyte Secondary Battery Obtained Thereby |
| EP22887768.4A EP4287341A4 (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | METHOD FOR PREPARING GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY AND GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY PREPARED THEREBY |
| CN202280008908.XA CN116670882A (zh) | 2021-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | 凝胶聚合物电解质二次电池的制造方法及由此获得的凝胶聚合物电解质二次电池 |
| JP2025088198A JP2025131645A (ja) | 2021-11-01 | 2025-05-27 | ゲルポリマー電解質二次電池の製造方法及びこれにより製造されたゲルポリマー電解質二次電池 |
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| US (1) | US20250183367A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP4287341A4 (ko) |
| JP (2) | JP7744988B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR102925126B1 (ko) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024243875A1 (zh) * | 2023-05-31 | 2024-12-05 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 凝胶电解质电池、用电装置和制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20250183367A1 (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2025-06-05 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Method for Manufacturing Gel Polymer Electrolyte Secondary Battery and Gel Polymer Electrolyte Secondary Battery Obtained Thereby |
| CN118825395B (zh) * | 2024-09-10 | 2025-02-18 | 武汉中科先进材料科技有限公司 | 固态电池电芯的制备方法及固态电池电芯 |
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- 2022-11-01 US US18/700,851 patent/US20250183367A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-01 CN CN202280008908.XA patent/CN116670882A/zh active Pending
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- 2022-11-01 WO PCT/KR2022/016946 patent/WO2023075574A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| EP4287341A4 (en) | 2025-06-25 |
| EP4287341A1 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
| JP2024501710A (ja) | 2024-01-15 |
| JP2025131645A (ja) | 2025-09-09 |
| CN116670882A (zh) | 2023-08-29 |
| KR20230063346A (ko) | 2023-05-09 |
| JP7744988B2 (ja) | 2025-09-26 |
| KR102925126B1 (ko) | 2026-02-09 |
| US20250183367A1 (en) | 2025-06-05 |
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