WO2023078032A1 - 电池盖板组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池盖板组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023078032A1
WO2023078032A1 PCT/CN2022/124438 CN2022124438W WO2023078032A1 WO 2023078032 A1 WO2023078032 A1 WO 2023078032A1 CN 2022124438 W CN2022124438 W CN 2022124438W WO 2023078032 A1 WO2023078032 A1 WO 2023078032A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
groove
battery
welding
cover plate
main body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/124438
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈从胜
林文法
温耀铃
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22889058.8A priority Critical patent/EP4366076A4/en
Publication of WO2023078032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023078032A1/zh
Priority to US18/593,997 priority patent/US20240250397A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/645—Plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/169—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by welding, brazing or soldering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • the present application proposes a battery cover assembly to solve the above technical problem of battery cell electrolyte leakage.
  • the present application provides a battery cover plate assembly, including: a cover plate provided with a liquid injection hole; and a sealing nail used to seal the liquid injection hole; wherein the sealing nail includes a main body and a Welding part, the welding part is located on the outer periphery of the main body part, and protrudes from the main body part to the outside of the circumference; the cover plate is provided with second grooves in sequence from the inside to the outside on the outer periphery of the liquid injection hole and the first groove, the main body part is located in the second groove, and the welding part is welded to the bottom surface of the first groove.
  • the diameter of the bottom surface of the first groove is larger than the diameter of the sealing nail.
  • the diameter of the bottom surface of the first groove is larger than the diameter of the sealing nail, so as to facilitate the welding of the welding part and the bottom surface of the first groove, and prevent the weld seam from falling on the first groove
  • the edge affects the welding quality
  • the depth of the first groove is greater than the thickness of the welding part.
  • the main body is accommodated in the second groove, and the depth of the first groove is greater than the thickness of the welding part, so that the top of the sealing nail is lower than the upper surface of the cover plate, reducing the impact of the sealing nail affect the tightness.
  • a buffer portion is provided between the main body portion and the welding portion, and the buffer portion arches along the thickness direction of the main body portion.
  • the buffer part can absorb the stress generated when the welding part is welded, so as to avoid sealing failure of the sealing nail due to welding stress.
  • the buffer portion is arched from the main body toward the direction where the second groove is located.
  • the buffer portion is arched from the main body toward the direction of the second groove, so that the buffer portion is located in the second groove, and can play a role when the sealing nail is aligned with the second groove.
  • the position-limiting function facilitates the installation and alignment of the sealing nail, and the buffer part is located in the second groove to prevent the buffer part from being impacted and deformed or the sealing nail from being sealed.
  • the side wall of the second groove is an inclined surface, and there are gaps between the buffer portion, the inclined surface and the bottom surface of the second groove.
  • the side wall of the second groove is a slope, which can avoid interference with the buffer part, and there is a gap between the buffer part, the slope and the bottom surface of the second groove to ensure The welding part is in effective contact with the bottom surface of the first groove, and at the same time, it is also conducive to the discharge of steam generated by the electrolyte from the gap to the outside during welding, thereby ensuring the sealing performance of the sealing nail welding.
  • the welding portion is welded to the bottom surface of the first groove with one or more welds.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove is a plane
  • the bottom surface of the first groove is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is inclined from high to low toward the direction of the liquid injection hole, and the bottom surface of the welding part is attached to the inclined surface.
  • the angle between the bottom surface of the first groove and the horizontal plane is 0°-10°.
  • a battery cell comprising: a housing; an electrode assembly disposed in the housing; and a cover assembly, which is the battery cover assembly described in any of the above technical solutions, and is sealingly connected to the housing.
  • a battery comprising: the battery cell described in the above technical solution; and a box, the box is used to accommodate the battery cell.
  • An electric device includes the battery described in the above technical solution, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the above-mentioned technical solution is provided with a second groove and a first groove in sequence from inside to outside on the outer circumference of the liquid injection hole, the main body is located in the second groove, and the welded part is connected to the second groove.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove is welded, wherein the second groove can be used to accommodate the electrolyte to reduce the electrolyte remaining on the bottom surface of the first groove, and the bottom surface of the first groove is welded to the welding part of the sealing nail to avoid sealing
  • the nail is welded to the side wall of the liquid injection hole, thereby improving the welding sealing performance of the sealing nail and the liquid injection hole.
  • a second groove and a first groove are sequentially arranged on the outer circumference of the liquid injection hole from inside to outside, the main body part is located in the second groove, and the welding part is connected to the first groove.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove is welded, wherein the second groove can be used to accommodate the electrolyte to reduce the electrolyte remaining on the bottom surface of the first groove, and the bottom surface of the first groove is welded to the welding part of the sealing nail to avoid the sealing nail and the injection nail.
  • the side wall of the liquid hole is welded to improve the welding sealing performance of the sealing nail and the liquid injection hole.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery cover assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram when the sealing nail is separated from the cover plate in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of part A in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a battery cover assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application when the sealing nail is separated from the cover;
  • connection In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the technical terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixation” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or It can be a detachable connection, or integrated; it can also be a mechanical connection, it can also be an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relation. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to specific situations.
  • the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the second feature "on” or “under” the second feature. Indirect contact through intermediaries.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • the liquid injection hole After the second liquid injection of the lithium-ion battery, in order to ensure the negative pressure environment in the casing to prevent external gas and moisture from entering the battery cell, the liquid injection hole needs to be sealed.
  • the existing sealing process is as follows: use sealing nails for initial sealing, then remove the electrolyte remaining in and around the liquid injection hole through manual cleaning and laser cleaning, and finally assemble the sealing nails and perform laser welding on them.
  • the present application provides a battery box, a battery including the box, and an electrical device using the battery.
  • This case is suitable for any battery, such as battery modules and battery packs, or primary batteries and secondary batteries, such as secondary batteries including NiMH batteries, NiCd batteries, lead-acid (or lead storage) batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, polymer batteries, etc.
  • This battery is suitable for a variety of electrical equipment that uses batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, aerospace Aircraft and spacecraft, etc.; batteries are used to provide electrical energy for the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1 is provided with a battery 10 , and the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may further include a controller 11 and a motor 12 , the controller 11 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 12 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 21 , and the battery cells 21 refer to the smallest unit forming a battery module or a battery pack. Multiple battery cells 21 can be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals (corresponding to the electrode terminal 211 a in FIG. 4 , not shown in FIG. 1 ) for various applications.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application include battery modules or battery packs. Wherein, a plurality of battery cells 21 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and in parallel refers to a mixture of series and parallel.
  • the battery 10 may also be called a battery pack. In the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of battery cells 21 may directly form a battery pack, or may first form a battery module 20, and then the battery module 20 forms a battery pack.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery modules 20 and a case 30 , and the plurality of battery modules 20 are accommodated inside the case 30 .
  • the box body 30 is used to accommodate the battery cells 21 or the battery modules 20 to prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells 21 .
  • the box body 30 may be a simple three-dimensional structure such as a single cuboid, cylinder or sphere, or a complex three-dimensional structure composed of simple three-dimensional structures such as a cuboid, cylinder or sphere, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the material of the box body 30 can be such as alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, also can be as polymer material such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foamed plastics, or be the composite material such as glass fiber plus epoxy resin, The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the box body 30 may include a first part 301 and a second part 302, the first part 301 and the second part 302 cover each other, the first part 301 and the second part 302 jointly define a Space.
  • the second part 302 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 301 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 301 covers the opening side of the second part 302, so that the first part 301 and the second part 302 jointly define a battery.
  • the space of the unit 21 ; the first part 301 and the second part 302 can also be a hollow structure with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 301 covers the opening side of the second part 302 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery module 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery module 20 may include a plurality of battery cells 21, and the plurality of battery cells 21 may first be connected in series, parallel or in combination to form the battery module 20, and then the plurality of battery modules 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in combination.
  • a battery 10 is formed.
  • the battery cell 21 may include a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery or a magnesium ion battery, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cells 21 are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical battery cells 21 , square square battery cells 21 and pouch battery cells 21 , which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments all take the square-shaped battery cell 21 as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 21 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 10 .
  • the battery cell 21 includes a cover plate 211 , a casing 212 and a cell assembly 213 .
  • the cover plate 211 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 212 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 21 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the cover plate 211 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 212 to match the housing 212 .
  • the cover plate 211 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the cover plate 211 is not easily deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 21 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 211 a may be disposed on the cover plate 211 .
  • the electrode terminal 211 a can be used for electrical connection with the battery cell assembly 213 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 21 .
  • the cover plate 211 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 21 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the cover plate 211 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the cover plate 211 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 212 from the cover plate 211 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 212 is a component used to cooperate with the cover plate 211 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 21, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery cell assembly 213, electrolyte (not shown in the figure) and other components .
  • the housing 212 and the cover plate 211 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 212 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 21 is formed by covering the opening with the cover plate 211 .
  • the cover plate 211 and the housing 212 can also be integrated. Specifically, the cover plate 211 and the housing 212 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the shell. When it is necessary to seal the inside of the housing 212 , then make the cover plate 211 cover the casing 212 .
  • the housing 212 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 212 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery cell assembly 213 .
  • the housing 212 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell assembly 213 is a part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 21 .
  • One or more cell assemblies 213 may be contained within the casing 212 .
  • the cell assembly 213 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and usually a separator is provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitute the main body of the cell assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs (not shown in the figure).
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the body part together or at two ends of the body part respectively.
  • the present application provides a battery cover plate assembly, including a cover plate 211 and a sealing nail 214 .
  • the cover plate 211 is provided with a liquid injection hole 2111 .
  • the sealing nail 214 is used to seal the injection hole 2111,
  • the sealing nail 214 is used to seal the liquid injection hole 2111 .
  • the sealing nail 214 includes a main body 2141 and a welding part 2142 .
  • the welding part 2142 is located on the outer periphery of the main body 2141 and protrudes outward from the main body 2141 .
  • the cover plate 211 is provided with a second groove 2113 and a first groove 2112 from the inside to the outside on the outer periphery of the liquid injection hole 2111. Bottom welded.
  • the liquid injection hole 2111 penetrates the upper surface and the lower surface of the cover plate 211 .
  • the injection hole 2111 can be a cylindrical hole, a tapered hole, or other structures.
  • the sealing nail 214 is used to seal the liquid injection hole 2111 to prevent the electrolyte in the battery 10 from leaking from the liquid injection hole 2111 .
  • the main body portion 2141 and the welding portion 2142 of the sealing nail 214 can be integrally formed.
  • the material of the sealing nail 214 is a weldable material.
  • the sealing nail 214 can be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy. When the sealing nail 214 is squeezed, the sealing nail 214 will be deformed to a certain extent. Therefore, the sealing nail 214 can also be made of elastic material, which can return to its original state after being deformed, and is not easy to be damaged when being squeezed.
  • the sealing nail 214 can be made of plastic or rubber.
  • the height of the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is higher than the height of the bottom surface of the second groove 2113 .
  • the shape of the cross section of the first groove 2112 and the second groove 2113 may be circular, square or other shapes.
  • the cross-sections of the first groove 2112 and the second groove 2113 are circular, and there is no dead space, which is convenient for cleaning the remaining electrolyte on the bottom of the groove.
  • the second groove 2113 can be used to accommodate the electrolyte to reduce the electrolyte remaining on the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 .
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is welded to the welding portion 2142 of the sealing nail 214 to prevent the sealing nail 214 from welding to the side wall of the liquid injection hole 2111 , thereby improving the welding tightness of the sealing nail 214 and the liquid injection hole 2111 .
  • the diameter of the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is greater than the diameter of the sealing nail 214 .
  • the first groove 2112 and the second groove 2113 take the liquid injection hole 2111 as the center of the circle, the diameter of the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is along the radial direction of the liquid injection hole 2111, and the two ends of the first groove 2112 The distance between (that is, the outer diameter of the first groove 2112).
  • the distance between the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 and the welding point where the welding part 2142 is welded and the side wall of the first groove 2112 should be set in a reasonable range, so that the heat during welding is not easy to transfer to the second groove 2113 and it is easy to residual electrolysis The region of the electrolyte, to prevent the electrolyte in the second groove 2113 from being heated to generate gas.
  • the depth of the first groove 2112 is greater than the thickness of the welding portion 2142 .
  • the depth of the first groove 2112 refers to the difference between the height of the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 and the height of the upper surface of the cover plate 211 .
  • the bottom surface of the welding portion 2142 of the sealing nail 214 is in contact with the bottom surface of the first groove 2112
  • the height of the top of the welding portion 2142 is the height of the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 plus the thickness of the welding portion 2142 .
  • the welding portion 2142 is more “protruding” relative to the upper surface of the cover plate 211 and is more likely to be impacted, thus causing the sealing nail 214 to loosen and crack, thereby affecting the sealing The sealing effect of the nail 214. If the depth of the first groove 2112 is greater than the thickness of the welding portion 2142 , the upper surface of the cover plate 211 is higher than the top of the welding portion 2142 , and the upper surface of the cover plate 211 will bear the main impact force. In this way, the impact on the sealing nail 214 is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the impact on the sealing performance.
  • a buffer portion 2143 is provided between the main body portion 2141 and the welding portion 2142 , and the buffer portion 2143 is arched along the thickness direction of the main body portion 2141 .
  • the shape of the buffer portion 2143 is not limited, and may be arched upwards or arched downwards.
  • a large amount of heat will be generated, so that the sealing nail 214 will expand when heated, and when the temperature of the sealing nail 214 drops, the sealing nail 214 will shrink, so that the sealing nail 214 and the welding seam 2144 will produce a large inner space. stress.
  • the arched structure of the buffer part 2143 can effectively absorb the stress change caused by the temperature change of the welding part 2142 during the welding process, and prevent the sealing nail 214 and the welding seam 2144 from being broken due to excessive stress.
  • the internal stress and welding heat process generated in the weldment during the welding process will cause the shape and size of the weldment to change.
  • the heat at the welding seam 2144 is rapidly transferred to the sealing nail 214 through the welding portion 2142, and the sealing nail 214 is heated to produce a certain degree of expansion and deformation.
  • the temperature of the sealing nail 214 gradually cools down and begins to shrink, which may easily cause the welding portion 2142 to tear.
  • a buffer part 2143 is provided on the sealing nail 214, and the buffer part 2143 absorbs the welding residual stress.
  • the bent portion of the buffer portion 2143 is deformed toward the welded portion 2142 , which can relieve the deformation of the welded portion 2142 .
  • Such setting can effectively prevent the sealing nail 214 from cracking, and avoid the sealing failure of the sealing nail 214 due to welding stress.
  • the buffer portion 2143 is arched from the main body portion 2141 toward the direction where the second groove 2113 is located.
  • the buffer part 2143 arches toward the second groove 2113 and is located in the second groove 2113, and engages with the inner wall of the second groove 2113, and can play a limiting role when the sealing nail 214 is aligned with the second groove 2113, It is convenient to quickly align with the second groove 2113 when installing the sealing nail 214, thereby improving production efficiency.
  • the sidewall of the second groove 2113 is a slope, and there are gaps between the buffer portion 2143 and the slope and the bottom surface of the second groove 2113 .
  • gaps between the buffer portion 2143 and the slope and the bottom surface of the second groove 2113 There are gaps between the buffer portion 2143 and the slope and the bottom surface of the second groove 2113 .
  • the gap can release part of the stress and avoid interference with the buffer portion 2143 .
  • providing a gap can also reduce the air pressure in the closed space between the sealing nail 214 and the cover plate 211 .
  • more than one welding seam 2144 is welded between the welding portion 2142 and the welding surface.
  • the weld 2144 is the joint formed at the weld location after welding. Considering that poor welding is likely to occur due to various factors during the welding process, more than two welds 2144 are reserved in the welding portion 2142 in order to avoid poor sealing performance of one weld. When a welding seam 2144 is poorly welded, a welding seam 2144 can be repaired on the inside. That is to say, the welding portion 2142 may include two situations, one is that the welding portion 2142 has only one welding seam 2144 , and the other is that there are two welding seams 2144 on the welding portion 2142 . Setting more than two welding seams 2144 can improve the welding tightness between the sealing nail 214 and the liquid injection hole 2111 .
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is a horizontal plane or an inclined plane.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is in contact with the bottom surface of the welding part 2142 , and welding operation needs to be performed on the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 during welding.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is a horizontal surface or an inclined surface, which can be used for welding operation. There is no cleaning dead angle on the horizontal surface, which makes it easier to clean, and there is less electrolyte residue, which can avoid the situation that the residual electrolyte absorbs the heat during welding and generates gas, which affects the welding quality.
  • An inclined surface refers to a surface that forms a certain angle with the horizontal plane.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is inclined toward the liquid injection hole 2111 from high to low, and the bottom surface of the welding part 2142 is attached to the inclined surface.
  • part of the liquid metal and melt will flow towards the liquid injection hole 2111, and the welding area will be larger.
  • the angle between the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 and the horizontal plane is 0°-10°.
  • A is the angle between the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 and the horizontal plane, and the angle A between the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 and the horizontal plane is 10°.
  • the included angle between the bottom surface of the welding portion 2142 and the horizontal plane is also 10°.
  • the angle between the welding rod and the weldment will affect the quality of welding to a certain extent.
  • the bottom surface of the first groove 2112 is close to the level to help control the welding angle, thereby controlling the temperature of the molten pool, so that the shape after welding is relatively smooth , It can also avoid welding bumps or lifting.
  • the liquid slag and metal on the horizontal plane are not easy to flow, so it is easy to control the shape and size of the weld seam 2144 to make it beautiful and high-quality.
  • welding on a horizontal plane allows for higher current and higher work efficiency. A large molten pool can be formed during welding, and the slag melt and the liquid metal react evenly in the molten pool, which can produce a good crystal structure.
  • the welding track can be reduced, and an alternative welding seam can be supplemented in the inner circle of the first groove 2112 .
  • Improve weld yield by enabling alternative welds to achieve a good seal. If the weld quality of the main weld is good, there is no need to activate the alternate weld.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电池盖板组件，包括：盖板，设置有注液孔；和密封钉，用于密封所述注液孔；其中，密封钉包括主体部和焊接部，焊接部位于所述主体部的外周，且由所述主体部向圆周外侧伸出；所述盖板在所述注液孔的外周由里向外依次设置有第二凹槽和第一凹槽，主体部位于所述第二凹槽内，焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接。本申请主体部位于所述第二凹槽内，所述焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接，其中，第二凹槽可用于容纳电解液，减少电解液残留在第一凹槽底面，并且第一凹槽的底面与密封钉的焊接部焊接，避免密封钉与注液孔侧壁焊接，从而提高密封钉与注液孔的焊接密封性。

Description

电池盖板组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备
本申请要求享有于2021年11月04日提交的名称为“电池盖板组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备”的中国专利申请202122683160.9的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别涉及一种电池盖板组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备。
 背景技术
在现有的电池制造工艺中，电池单体注入电解液后，需要使用密封钉密封注液孔。但在实际使用过程存在电池单体电解液泄漏的问题。因此，如何解决电池单体电解液泄漏就成为亟待解决的一项问题。
 技术问题
鉴于上述问题，本申请提出一种电池盖板组件，用于解决上述电池单体电解液泄漏的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种电池盖板组件，包括：盖板，设置有注液孔；和密封钉，用于密封所述注液孔；其中，所述密封钉包括主体部和焊接部，所述焊接部位于所述主体部的外周，且由所述主体部向圆周外侧伸出；所述盖板在所述注液孔的外周由里向外依次设置有第二凹槽和第一凹槽，所述主体部位于所述第二凹槽内，所述焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接。
进一步的，所述第一凹槽的底面的直径大于所述密封钉的直径。
在上述技术方案中，所述第一凹槽的底面的直径大于所述密封钉的直径，从而便于所述焊接部与第一凹槽的底面焊接，避免焊接的焊缝落在第一凹槽的边缘影响焊接质量。
进一步的，所述第一凹槽的深度大于所述焊接部的厚度。
在上述技术方案中，主体部容纳于第二凹槽内，所述第一凹槽的深度大于所述焊接部的厚度，可使密封钉的顶部低于盖板上表面，减少密封钉受撞击影响密封性。
进一步的，所述主体部和所述焊接部之间设置有缓冲部，所述缓冲部沿所述主体部的厚度方向拱起。
在上述技术方案中，缓冲部可吸收焊接部焊接时产生的应力，避免密封钉因焊接应力密封失效。
进一步的，所述缓冲部由所述主体部向所述第二凹槽所在方向拱起。
在上述技术方案中，所述缓冲部由所述主体部向所述第二凹槽所在方向拱起，使缓冲部位于第二凹槽内，在密封钉与第二凹槽对准时可起到限位作用，便于密封钉安装对准，并且缓冲部位于第二凹槽内可避免缓冲部受撞击变形或密封钉密封失效。
进一步的，所述第二凹槽的侧壁为斜面，所述缓冲部与所述斜面以及所述第二凹槽的底面之间均具有间隙。
在上述技术方案中，所述第二凹槽的侧壁为斜面，可避免与缓冲部干涉，并且所述缓冲部与所述斜面以及所述第二凹槽的底面之间均具有间隙可保证焊接部与第一凹槽的底面有效接触，同时也有利于焊接时电解液产生的蒸汽从间隙排出至外部，从而确保密封钉焊接的密封性。
进一步的，所述焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接有一道或多道的焊缝。
在上述技术方案中，所述焊接部与所述焊接面焊接之间焊接有一道以上的焊缝，因此可提高密封钉与注液孔之间的焊接密封性。
进一步的，所述第一凹槽的底面为平面；或
所述第一凹槽的底面为倾斜面，所述倾斜面由高至低向所述注液孔方向倾斜，所述焊接部的底面与所述倾斜面贴合。
进一步的，所述第一凹槽的底面与水平面的夹角为0°-10°。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请还提供了另一技术方案：
一种电池单体，包括：壳体；电极组件，设置于所述壳体内；和盖板组件，为以上任一技术方案所述的电池盖板组件，与所述壳体密封连接。
本申请还提供了另一技术方案：
一种电池，包括：以上技术方案所述的电池单体；和箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体。
本申请还提供了另一技术方案：
一种用电设备，包括上述技术方案所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
区别于现有技术，上述技术方案在注液孔的外周由里向外依次设置有第二凹槽和第一凹槽，所述主体部位于所述第二凹槽内，所述焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接，其中，第二凹槽可用于容纳电解液，减少电解液残留在第一凹槽底面，并且第一凹槽的底面与密封钉的焊接部焊接，避免密封钉与注液孔侧壁焊接，从而提高密封钉与注液孔的焊接密封性。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
 有益效果
在上述技术方案中，在注液孔的外周由里向外依次设置有第二凹槽和第一凹槽，所述主体部位于所述第二凹槽内，所述焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接，其中，第二凹槽可用于容纳电解液，减少电解液残留在第一凹槽底面，并且第一凹槽的底面与密封钉的焊接部焊接，避免密封钉与注液孔侧壁焊接，从而提高密封钉与注液孔的焊接密封性。
 附图说明
通过阅读下文可选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出可选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的电池包的结构示意图；
图3是申请一实施例提供的一种电池模组的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例提供的一种电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例提供的一种电池盖板组件的结构示意图；
图6是图5中密封钉与盖板分开时的示意图；
图7是图5中A部分的局部放大图；
图8是本申请一实施例提供的一种电池盖板组件中密封钉与盖板分开时的示意图；
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1车辆，10电池，11控制器，12马达；
20电池模组，21电池单体，211盖板，211a电极端子，212壳体，213电芯组件，214密封钉；
2141主体部，2142焊接部，2143缓冲部，2144焊缝；
2111注液孔，2112第一凹槽，2113第二凹槽；
A第一凹槽的底面与水平面的夹角；
30箱体，301第一部分，302第二部分。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
锂离子电池在二次注液后，为了保证壳体内的负压环境以防止外界气体和水分进入电芯内部，需要对注液孔进行密封。现有的密封过程为：利用密封钉进行初始密封，再通过人工清洗和激光清洗的方式去除残留在注液孔内部和周边的电解液，最后进行密封钉装配并对其进行激光焊接。而注液时残留在注液孔外周的电解液难以彻底清理，这将导致焊接爆点、气孔等缺陷的存在。
本申请提供一种电池的箱体，以及包括这种箱体的电池和使用该电池的用电设备。这种箱体适用于任何电池，例如电池模组和电池包，或者一次电池和二次电池，例如，二次电池包括镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅酸（或铅蓄）电池、锂离子电池、钠离子电池、聚合物电池等。这种电池适用于各种使用电池的用电设备，例如手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等；电池用于为上述用电设备提供电能。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部设置有电池10，电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。车辆1还可以包括控制器11和马达12，控制器11用来控制电池10为马达12供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体21，电池单体21是指组成电池模组或电池包的最小单元。多个电池单体21可经由电极端子（对应图4中电极端子211a，图1中未示出）而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。本申请中所提到的电池包括电池模组或电池包。其中，多个电池单体21之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池10也可以称为电池包。本申请的实施例中多个电池单体21可以直接组成电池包，也可以先组成电池模组20，电池模组20再组成电池包。
图2示出了本申请一实施例的电池10的结构示意图。图2中，电池10可以包括多个电池模组20和箱体30，多个电池模组20容纳于箱体30内部。箱体30用于容纳电池单体21或电池模组20，以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体21的充电或放电。箱体30可以是单独的长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构，也可以是由长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构组合而成的复杂立体结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。箱体30的材质可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维加环氧树脂的复合材料，本申请实施例对此也并不限定。
在一些实施例中，箱体30可以包括第一部分301和第二部分302，第一部分301与第二部分302相互盖合，第一部分301和第二部分302共同限定出用于容纳电池单体21的空间。第二部分302可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分301可以为板状结构，第一部分301盖合于第二部分302的开口侧，以使第一部分301与第二部分302共同限定出容纳电池单体21的空间；第一部分301和第二部分302也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分301的开口侧盖合于第二部分302的开口侧。
图3示出了本申请一实施例的电池模组20的结构示意图。图3中，电池模组20可以包括多个电池单体21，多个电池单体21可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模组20，多个电池模组20再串联或并联或混联组成电池10。本申请中，电池单体21可以包括锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体21可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体21一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体21、方体方形电池单体21和软包电池单体21，本申请实施例对此也不限定。但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以方体方形电池单体21为例进行说明。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体21的分解结构示意图。电池单体21是指组成电池10的最小单元。如图4，电池单体21包括有盖板211、壳体212和电芯组件213。
盖板211是指盖合于壳体212的开口处以将电池单体21的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，盖板211的形状可以与壳体212的形状相适应以配合壳体212。可选地，盖板211可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质（如铝合金）制成，这样，盖板211在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体21能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。盖板211上可以设置有如电极端子211a等的功能性部件。电极端子211a可以用于与电芯组件213电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体21的电能。在一些实施例中，盖板211上还可以设置有用于在电池单体21的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。盖板211的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在盖板211的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体212内的电连接部件与盖板211，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体212是用于配合盖板211以形成电池单体21的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件213、电解液（在图中未示出）以及其他部件。壳体212和盖板211可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体212上设置开口，通过在开口处使盖板211盖合开口以形成电池单体21的内部环境。不限地，也可以使盖板211和壳体212一体化，具体地，盖板211和壳体212可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体212的内部时，再使盖板211盖合壳体212。壳体212可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体212的形状可以根据电芯组件213的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体212的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件213是电池单体21中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体212内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件213。电芯组件213主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件的本体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳（在图中未示出）。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于本体部的一端或是分别位于本体部的两端。在电池10的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子211a以形成电流回路。
请参照图5和图6，本申请提供了一种电池盖板组件，包括盖板211和密封钉214。盖板211设置有注液孔2111。密封钉214用于密封注液孔2111，
密封钉214用于密封所述注液孔2111，密封钉214包括主体部2141和焊接部2142，焊接部2142位于主体部2141的外周，且由主体部2141向圆周外侧伸出。盖板211在注液孔2111的外周由里向外依次设置有第二凹槽2113和第一凹槽2112，主体部2141位于第一凹槽2112内，焊接部2142与第一凹槽2112的底面焊接。
其中，注液孔2111贯通盖板211的上表面和下表面。注液孔2111可以是圆柱孔、锥形孔，也可以选用其他结构。
密封钉214用于密封注液孔2111避免电池10内的电解液从注液孔2111处泄漏。密封钉214的主体部2141和焊接部2142可以为一体成型。为了保证密封钉214在密封时的密封效果，密封钉214的材质为可焊接材质。可选地，密封钉214的材质可为不锈钢或者铝合金。当密封钉214受到挤压时，密封钉214会产生一定的变形。因此密封钉214也可采用弹性材料，变形后能恢复初始状态，在受到挤压时不易损坏。密封钉214可由塑料或橡胶制成。
第一凹槽2112的底面的高度高于第二凹槽2113的底面的高度。第一凹槽2112和第二凹槽2113横截面的形状可以是圆形、方形或者其它形状。可选的，第一凹槽2112和第二凹槽2113横截面的形状为圆形，不存在死角，便于清理凹槽底面残存的电解液。
其中，第二凹槽2113可用于容纳电解液，减少电解液残留在第一凹槽2112底面。第一凹槽2112的底面与密封钉214的焊接部2142焊接，避免密封钉214与注液孔2111侧壁焊接，从而提高密封钉214与注液孔2111的焊接密封性。
在可选的实施例中，第一凹槽2112的底面的直径大于密封钉214的直径。
如图6所示，第一凹槽2112与第二凹槽2113以注液孔2111为圆心，第一凹槽2112底面的直径是沿注液孔2111的径向，第一凹槽2112两端点之间的距离（即第一凹槽2112的外径）。第一凹槽2112的底面直径越大，可焊接的面积就越大，便于焊接部2142与第一凹槽2112的底面焊接，避免焊接的焊缝2144落在第一凹槽2112的边缘，影响焊接质量。第一凹槽2112的底面和焊接部2142进行焊接的焊接点与第一凹槽2112的侧壁的距离应设置在合理范围，使得焊接时的热量不容易传递至第二凹槽2113容易残留电解液的区域，避免第二凹槽2113内的电解液受热产生气体。
在可选的实施例中，第一凹槽2112的深度大于焊接部2142的厚度。
其中，第一凹槽2112的深度是指第一凹槽2112的底面的高度与盖板211上表面高度的差值。装配时，密封钉214的焊接部2142的底面与第一凹槽2112的底面相接触，焊接部2142顶部的高度为第一凹槽2112的底面的高度加上焊接部2142的厚度。若焊接部2142的顶部高于盖板211上表面，焊接部2142相对盖板211上表面更加“突出”，更容易受到撞击，从而导致密封钉214出现松动、产生裂纹的情况发生，进而影响密封钉214的密封效果。若第一凹槽2112的深度大于焊接部2142的厚度，此时盖板211上表面高于焊接部2142顶部，将由盖板211上表面承受主要冲击力。如此，大大减少了受到撞击时对密封钉214的影响，从而减少对密封性的影响。
在可选的实施例中，主体部2141和焊接部2142之间设置有缓冲部2143，缓冲部2143沿主体部2141的厚度方向拱起。
缓冲部2143的形状不受限制，可以向上拱起或者向下拱起。在密封钉214的焊接过程中会产生大量的热量，从而使密封钉214受热膨胀，而当密封钉温度回落后，密封钉214会收缩，从而使密封钉214以及焊缝2144产生很大的内部应力。而缓冲部2143的拱起结构可有效吸收焊接部2142焊接过程温度变化而产生的应力变化，防止密封钉214以及焊缝2144因应力过大而破裂。在焊接过程中焊件中产生的内应力和焊接热过程会引起焊件的形状和尺寸变化。此时焊缝2144处的热量通过焊接部2142迅速传导到密封钉214上，密封钉214受热产生一定程度的膨胀变形。焊接完成后，密封钉214的温度逐渐冷却并开始回缩，容易导致焊接部2142撕裂。为了消除和减小焊接残余应力，在密封钉214设置缓冲部2143，由缓冲部2143吸收焊接残余应力。密封钉214冷却收缩时，缓冲部2143弯折的部位向焊接部2142变形，能够缓解焊接部2142位置的变形。如此设置，能够有效防止密封钉214产生裂纹，避免密封钉214因焊接应力的作用导致密封失效的情况发生。
在可选的实施例中，如图7所示，缓冲部2143由主体部2141向第二凹槽2113所在方向拱起。
缓冲部2143向第二凹槽2113拱起并位于第二凹槽2113内，与第二凹槽2113的内壁卡接，在密封钉214与第二凹槽2113对准时可起到限位作用，便于安装密封钉214时快速对准第二凹槽2113，提高生产效率。
在可选的实施例中，第二凹槽2113的侧壁为斜面，缓冲部2143与斜面以及第二凹槽2113的底面之间均具有间隙。
缓冲部2143与斜面以及第二凹槽2113的底面之间均具有间隙，一方面可以在受到冲击时，间隙可以释放一部分应力，可避免与缓冲部2143干涉。另一方面，设置有间隙也能降低密封钉214与盖板211之间密闭空间内的气压。缓冲部2143与斜面以及第二凹槽2113的底面之间均具有间隙可保证焊接部2142与第一凹槽2112的底面有效接触，同时也有利于焊接时电解液产生的蒸汽从间隙排出至外部，避免废气对焊接造成影响，防止产生焊缝2144虚焊，从而确保密封钉214焊接的密封性。间隙太小将不足以充分释放焊接应力，太大的话又会影响到焊接，因此需要对其大小进行限定。
在可选的实施例中，焊接部2142与焊接面焊接之间焊接有一道以上的焊缝2144。
焊缝2144是焊接后在焊接位置所形成的结合部分。考虑到焊接过程中容易由于各种因素产生焊接不良，因此，为了避免一道焊接焊接密封性不佳，在焊接部2142预留了两道以上的焊缝2144的宽度。当一道焊缝2144焊接不良时，可以在里侧补焊一道焊缝2144。也就是说，焊接部2142可能包含有两种情况，一种是焊接部2142只有一道焊缝2144，另一种情况是焊接部2142上有两道焊缝2144。设置两道以上的焊缝2144可提高密封钉214与注液孔2111之间的焊接密封性。
在可选的实施例中，第一凹槽2112的底面为水平面或倾斜面。第一凹槽2112的底面与焊接部2142的底面相贴合，焊接时需要在第一凹槽2112的底面上进行焊接操作。第一凹槽2112的底面为水平面或者倾斜面均能进行焊接操作。水平面上无清理死角，更容易进行清洗，电解液残留较少，可以避免残留的电解液吸收焊接时的热量并产生气体而影响焊接质量的情况。倾斜面是指与水平面呈一定夹角的面。在其他的一些实施例中，第一凹槽2112的底面为倾斜面，倾斜面由高至低向注液孔2111方向倾斜，焊接部2142的底面与倾斜面贴合。
如此设置，部分液体金属和熔液会向着注液孔2111的方向流动，焊接面积较大。
在可选的实施例中，第一凹槽2112的底面与水平面的夹角为0°-10°。如图8所示，A为第一凹槽2112的底面与水平面的夹角，此时第一凹槽2112的底面与水平面的夹角A为10°。相应地，焊接部2142的底面与水平面的夹角也为10°。通常，焊条与焊件的夹角会在一定程度上影响焊接的质量。对第一凹槽2112的底面与密封钉214的焊接部2142的底面进行焊接时，第一凹槽2112的底面接近水平有助于控制焊接角度，从而控制熔池温度，使焊接后成形较为平整，也可以避免产生焊瘤或起高。相比在倾斜面上进行焊接，水平面上液体的熔渣与金属不易流动，就容易控制焊缝2144的形状和尺寸，使其达到美观优质。此外，在水平面上进行焊接，允许采用较大的电流，工作效率更高。焊接时能形成较大的熔池，在熔池里熔渣熔液与液体金属两者反应均匀，能产生良好的结晶组织。
具体操作过程：电芯完成二次注液、打入塑胶钉后，首先利用纸带清洁注液孔2111周围残留的电解液，并采用激光对注液孔2111进行进一步清洗。放入塑胶钉。此时，由于焊接部2142位远离斜角污染严重区域，理论上可减少针孔、爆点。
当主焊缝产生焊接缺陷时，可以将焊接轨迹减小，在第一凹槽2112的内圈补充备选焊缝。启用备选焊缝实现良好密封，以此提高焊接优率。若主焊缝的焊接质量较好，则无需启用备选焊缝。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池盖板组件，其中，包括：
    盖板，设置有注液孔；和
    密封钉，用于密封所述注液孔；
    其中，所述密封钉包括主体部和焊接部，所述焊接部位于所述主体部的外周，且由所述主体部向圆周外侧伸出；所述盖板在所述注液孔的外周由里向外依次设置有第二凹槽和第一凹槽，所述主体部位于所述第二凹槽内，所述焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述第一凹槽的底面的高度高于所述第二凹槽的底面的高度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述第一凹槽和所述第二凹槽横截面的形状为圆形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述第一凹槽的底面的直径大于所述密封钉的直径。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述第一凹槽的深度大于所述焊接部的厚度。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述主体部和所述焊接部之间设置有缓冲部，所述缓冲部沿所述主体部的厚度方向拱起。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述缓冲部由所述主体部向所述第二凹槽所在方向拱起。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述第二凹槽的侧壁为斜面，所述缓冲部与所述斜面以及所述第二凹槽的底面之间均具有间隙。
  9. 根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述焊接部与所述第一凹槽的底面焊接有一道或多道的焊缝。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中的任一所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述第一凹槽的底面为平面；或
    所述第一凹槽的底面为倾斜面，所述倾斜面由高至低向所述注液孔方向倾斜，所述焊接部的底面与所述倾斜面贴合。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池盖板组件，其中，所述第一凹槽的底面与水平面的夹角为0°-10°。
  12. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    壳体；
    电极组件，设置于所述壳体内；和
    盖板组件，为权利要求1至11中的任一所述的电池盖板组件，与所述壳体密封连接。
  13. 一种电池，其中，包括：
    如权利要求12所述的电池单体；和
    箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体。
  14. 一种用电设备，其中，包括如权利要求13所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/124438 2021-11-04 2022-10-10 电池盖板组件、电池单体、电池和用电设备 Ceased WO2023078032A1 (zh)

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