WO2023080632A1 - 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel sheet used for structural members of automobiles, and more particularly, to a high-strength steel sheet excellent in crash resistance and formability and a manufacturing method thereof.
- high-strength automotive materials can be classified into precipitation hardened steel, baking hardened steel, solid solution hardened steel, transformation hardened steel, and the like.
- transformation-enhanced steel examples include Dual Phase Steel (DP Steel), Complex Phase Steel (CP Steel), and Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP Steel) steel. These transformation hardened steels are also called Advance High Strength Steel (AHSS).
- DP Steel Dual Phase Steel
- CP Steel Complex Phase Steel
- TRIP Steel Transformation Induced Plasticity
- AHSS Advance High Strength Steel
- DP steel is a steel that secures high strength by finely and homogeneously dispersing hard martensite in soft ferrite
- CP steel contains two or three phases of ferrite, martensite, and bainite, and improves strength. It is a steel to which precipitation hardening elements such as Ti and Nb are added for this purpose.
- TRIP steel includes retained austenite finely and homogeneously dispersed, and the retained austenite phase undergoes transformation into martensite during normal temperature processing, thereby securing high strength and high ductility.
- high-strength steel with excellent yield strength is used for structural members such as members, seat rails, and pillars in order to improve the crash resistance of vehicle bodies.
- a steel sheet having a tempered martensite phase in microstructure may be manufactured through a tempering process.
- Patent Document 1 continuously anneales a steel material containing 0.18% or more of carbon (C), then water-cools to room temperature, and then over-aging at a temperature of 120 to 300 ° C. for 1 to 15 minutes
- a martensitic steel having a volume ratio of 80 to 97% of martensite is disclosed.
- the yield ratio is very high, but the shape quality of the coil deteriorates due to the temperature deviation in the width and length directions, resulting in cracks and workability during molding. problems such as lowering.
- Patent Document 2 is a steel sheet composed of a composite structure mainly composed of martensite, and discloses a method of manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet in which fine precipitated copper particles having a particle size of 1 to 100 nm are dispersed inside the structure to improve workability.
- Cu is excessively added in an amount of 2 to 5% to precipitate fine copper particles, red heat brittleness due to Cu may occur, and manufacturing costs are excessively increased.
- Patent Document 3 is a precipitation strengthening type steel sheet containing 2 to 10 area% of pearlite with ferrite as a base structure, by adding carbon nitride forming elements such as Nb, Ti, V, etc. to precipitation strengthening and crystal grain refinement It aims to improve strength by While this steel sheet has good hole expandability, it has limitations in increasing tensile strength, has a high yield strength and low ductility, and cracks occur during press forming.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method for manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet that utilizes tempered martensite to secure high strength and high ductility at the same time and has an excellent plate shape after continuous annealing, but has poor weldability due to high carbon content of 0.2% or more, and Si Containing a large amount may cause denter defects in the furnace.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1992-289120
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-264176
- Patent Document 3 Korean Patent Publication No. 2015-0073844
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-090432
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a steel sheet suitable for automotive structural members, etc., which has excellent strength as well as ductility, improved crash resistance and formability, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the microstructure includes 40 to 80% of the area fraction of the tempered martensite and bainite phases, 3 to 15% of the retained austenite phase, and the balance ferrite and fresh martensite phases, the retained austenite phase being the total retained austenite Collision resistance, characterized in that the occupancy (A TM + B / A T ) of retained austenite (A TM + B ) adjacent to tempered martensite and bainite in the knight fraction (A T ) is 90% or more, and A high-strength steel sheet excellent in formability is provided.
- each element means a weight content.
- Another aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of heating a steel slab satisfying the alloy composition and relational expression 1 described above in a temperature range of 1050 to 1250 ° C; manufacturing a hot-rolled steel sheet by finish-hot-rolling the reheated steel slab at a temperature range of finish hot-rolling exit temperature Ar3 ⁇ Ar3+50° C.; winding the hot-rolled steel sheet in a temperature range of 400 to 700° C.; cooling the hot-rolled steel sheet to room temperature at a cooling rate of 0.1° C./s after the winding; manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet by cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet at a total reduction ratio of 30 to 80% after the cooling; Continuously annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet; firstly cooling the continuously annealed cold-rolled steel sheet to 450 to 700° C.
- the cold rolling provides a method for manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet excellent in crash resistance and formability, characterized in that the first to 3 stands have a cumulative reduction ratio of 20% or more.
- the steel sheet of the present invention has a high yield ratio compared to conventional DP steel, excellent hole expandability, and excellent crash resistance and formability.
- the steel sheet of the present invention has an effect that can be suitably applied as a material for automobile structural members requiring processing into a complex shape.
- Relational Expression 1 is a graph showing changes in mechanical properties (Relational Expression 2) according to Relational Expression 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a microstructure measurement photograph of an inventive steel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the inventors of the present invention studied in depth to provide a high-strength steel sheet with improved crash resistance and formability by increasing the yield ratio (YR) and hole expandability compared to conventional DP steel while satisfying high ductility, which is a characteristic of conventional DP steel.
- a high-strength steel sheet with excellent crash resistance and formability contains, by weight, carbon (C): 0.06-0.2%, silicon (Si): 0.4-1.4%, manganese (Mn): 1.8-3.0 %, acid soluble aluminum (Sol.Al): 1.0% or less, molybdenum (Mo): 0.4% or less, chromium (Cr): 1.0% or less, antimony (Sb): 0.06% or less, boron (B): 0.01% or less , phosphorus (P): 0.1% or less, sulfur (S): may include 0.01% or less.
- the content of each element is based on weight, and the ratio of tissue is based on area.
- Carbon (C) is a very important element added to strengthen the metamorphosis tissue. Such C promotes high strength of steel and promotes the formation of martensite in composite structure steel. When the content of C increases, the amount of martensite increases.
- the C may be included in 0.06 to 0.20%, and more advantageously, it may be included in 0.08% or more and 0.18% or less.
- Si Silicon
- Si as a ferrite stabilizing element, promotes the transformation of ferrite and promotes the enrichment of carbon (C) into untransformed austenite, thereby contributing to the formation of martensite.
- the Si is effective in reducing the hardness difference between phases by increasing the strength of ferrite due to its excellent solid solution strengthening ability.
- the precipitation of carbides in the bainite is effectively suppressed to promote C concentration into untransformed austenite, thereby delaying the transformation of martensite during low-temperature quenching, thereby forming retained austenite necessary for ductility. It is a useful element for improving the ductility of That is, Si is a useful element capable of securing strength without reducing ductility of the steel sheet.
- the Si may be included in an amount of 0.4 to 1.4%, and more advantageously, it may be included in an amount of 0.5% or more and 1.2% or less.
- Manganese (Mn) is an element effective in refining particles without deterioration in ductility, completely precipitating sulfur (S) in steel as MnS, preventing hot brittleness due to FeS generation, and strengthening steel.
- S sulfur
- MnS manganese
- the Mn facilitates the formation of martensite by lowering the critical cooling rate at which the martensite phase is obtained in the composite structure steel.
- Mn-Band manganese oxide bands
- the Mn may be included in 1.8 to 3.0%, more advantageously, 2.0% or more and 2.9% or less.
- Acid-soluble aluminum is an element added for refining and deoxidizing steel, and is a ferrite stabilizing element similar to Si.
- Al is a useful element for improving the hardenability of martensite by distributing carbon in ferrite to austenite.
- the precipitation of carbides in the bainite is effectively suppressed to promote C enrichment into untransformed austenite, thereby delaying martensitic transformation during low-temperature quenching and generating a retained austenite phase to improve the quality of the steel sheet.
- ductility can be improved.
- the Al may be included in an amount of 1.0% or less, excluding 0%. More advantageously, it may contain 0.01% or more.
- Molybdenum is an element that retards the transformation of austenite into pearlite and improves refinement and strength of ferrite. This Mo improves the hardenability of the steel, and has the advantage of being able to control the yield ratio by finely forming martensite at the grain boundary. However, it is an expensive element, and the higher the content, the higher the manufacturing cost, which is economically unfavorable.
- the Mo may be added at a maximum of 0.4%.
- the content of Mo exceeds 0.4%, there is a problem in that the cost of the alloy rapidly increases, resulting in poor economic feasibility, and the grain refinement effect and the solid solution strengthening effect occur excessively, rather deteriorating the ductility of the steel.
- the Mo may include 0.4% or less. In the present invention, even if Mo is not added, it is not unreasonable to secure the intended microstructure and physical properties, so it may be 0%. However, when the Mo is added, more advantageously, it may be included in an amount of 0.01% or more.
- Chromium (Cr) is an element added to improve the hardenability of steel and secure high strength, and plays an important role in the formation of martensite.
- it is advantageous to manufacture a composite structure steel having high ductility by minimizing a decrease in elongation compared to an increase in strength.
- the Cr may be included in 1.0% or less. In the present invention, even if the Cr is not added, there is no problem in securing the intended microstructure and physical properties, so it may be 0%. However, when the Cr is added, more advantageously, it may be included in an amount of 0.1% or more.
- Antimony (Sb) is distributed on grain boundaries to delay the diffusion of oxidizing elements such as Mn, Si, and Al through grain boundaries, thereby suppressing surface enrichment of oxides. In addition, there is an excellent effect in suppressing the coarsening of the surface thickening due to the temperature rise and the change in the hot rolling process. When the content of Sb exceeds 0.06%, the above-described effect is saturated, and manufacturing cost increases and processability deteriorates.
- the Sb may be included in 0.06% or less.
- the Sb may be included in an amount of 0.01% or more.
- B Boron
- B is an element that retards the transformation of austenite into pearlite during the cooling process during annealing, and is a hardenable element that suppresses the formation of ferrite and promotes the formation of martensite. If the content of B exceeds 0.01%, B is excessively concentrated on the surface of the steel, resulting in deterioration of plating adhesion.
- the B may be included in 0.01% or less. In the present invention, even if B is not added, there is no problem in securing the intended microstructure, physical properties, etc., so it may be 0%. However, when the B is added, it may be more advantageously included at 0.0005% or more.
- Phosphorus (P) 0.1% or less
- Phosphorus (P) is a substitutional element with a high solid-solution strengthening effect, and is the most advantageous element for improving in-plane anisotropy and securing strength without significantly impairing formability.
- P Phosphorus
- the P may be included in an amount of 0.1% or less, and 0% may be excluded in consideration of a level inevitably added during the steel manufacturing process.
- S Sulfur
- S is an impurity that is unavoidably added to steel, and since it is an element that inhibits ductility and weldability, it is advantageous to manage its content as low as possible. In particular, since it is highly likely to cause red heat brittleness, it is preferable to control the content to 0.01% or less. However, 0% can be excluded considering the level that is unavoidably added during the steel manufacturing process.
- the steel sheet of the present invention may further include at least one of Ti and Nb for the purpose of further improving the mechanical properties of the steel sheet in addition to the above-described alloy composition.
- Titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) are effective elements for increasing the strength of steel and refining crystal grains by forming nano precipitates. When these elements are added, they combine with carbon to form very fine nano-precipitates, and these nano-precipitates serve to reduce the hardness difference between phases by strengthening the base structure.
- each may be included in an amount of 0.05% or less.
- the remaining component of the present invention is iron (Fe).
- Fe iron
- the relationship between the contents of C, Si, and Al preferably satisfies the following relational expression 1.
- each element means a weight content.
- Si and Al in steel are elements that contribute to the formation of retained austenite and martensite by accelerating ferrite transformation as ferrite stabilizing elements and promoting C enrichment into untransformed austenite.
- C is also an element that contributes to the formation and fractional adjustment of martensite by promoting C enrichment into untransformed austenite.
- relational expression 1 when the value of relational expression 1 is controlled to be 1.7 or more, it is possible to secure the fraction of retained austenite that can contribute to ductility, thereby improving the ductility and formability of the steel sheet. On the other hand, when the relational expression 1 is not satisfied, the retained austenite fraction is insufficient and the distribution of the generated retained austenite is not uniform, making it difficult to secure ductility and formability.
- the present invention can alleviate the local stress concentration by finely distributing the residual austenite generated by optimizing the steel sheet manufacturing process together with the above-described alloy component system around the hard phase, , In addition to improving ductility, it is possible to ensure excellent formability.
- the steel sheet of the present invention may include 40 to 80% of the sum of area fractions of tempered martensite and bainite phase, 3 to 15% of retained austenite phase, and the balance of ferrite and fresh martensite phases as a microstructure.
- the tempered martensite and bainite structures help form retained austenite in addition to contributing to strength.
- the martensite transformation temperature is lowered below room temperature by accumulating carbon (C) into untransformed austenite around bainite by delaying the precipitation of carbides during bainite transformation. do.
- retained austenite can be secured at room temperature.
- carbon (C) introduced into martensite moves to and accumulates in the surrounding non-transformed austenite, so that the martensite transformation temperature is lowered to room temperature or lower, and retained austenite is also formed at room temperature. can be secured
- the steel sheet of the present invention may include 3 to 15% of the retained austenite phase.
- the retained austenite phase By securing the retained austenite phase at 3% or more, it is advantageous to secure ductility of the steel sheet by causing transformation induced plasticity during molding.
- the fraction is too excessive, it tends to be vulnerable to liquid metal embrittlement (LME) during spot welding for assembling plated steel sheets into automobile parts. Therefore, it is preferable to include 15% or less of the retained austenite phase.
- LME liquid metal embrittlement
- the occupancy (A TM + B /A T ) of the retained austenite (A TM + B ) adjacent to tempered martensite and bainite among the total retained austenite fraction (A T ) is 90 It is characterized by more than %.
- being adjacent to tempered martensite and bainite may refer to the periphery of these phases, more specifically, the interface region of these phases.
- the retained austenite phase is mainly distributed around the grain boundaries of the tempered martensite and bainite phases.
- the tempered martensite phase may include 25 to 65% of the total fraction.
- ferrite and fresh martensite phases may be included.
- the ferrite phase may include 40% or less
- the fresh martensite phase may include 20% or less.
- 0% of the ferrite phase and the fresh martensite phase are excluded.
- the steel sheet of the present invention having the above-described alloy component system and microstructure not only has high strength with a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more, but also has an effect of having a yield ratio of 0.6 to 0.9, an elongation of 10% or more, and a hole expandability of 20% or more. If the yield ratio is less than 0.6, the hole expandability is inferior, whereas if the yield ratio exceeds 0.9, ductility is deteriorated.
- the steel sheet of the present invention can provide a steel sheet having a high yield ratio and high ductility at the same time as the relationship between the yield ratio, elongation and tensile strength satisfies the following relational expression 2.
- the high yield ratio of steel sheet has excellent crash resistance performance, which can contribute to improving stability in the event of a vehicle crash, and its high ductility ensures excellent formability by preventing processing defects such as cracks and wrinkles that occur during press processing into parts. can do.
- the steel sheet of the present invention having the above mechanical properties can prevent processing defects such as cracks and wrinkles during processing into parts, and thus can be used in various ways for structural members for vehicles having complex shapes. In addition, it can contribute to improving the safety of structural parts and vehicles by delaying collision resistance and crack generation in the event of a collision.
- the steel sheet of the present invention may be a cold-rolled steel sheet, and may be a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet including a zinc-based plating layer on at least one surface of the cold-rolled steel sheet, and an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained by alloying the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
- the zinc-based plating layer may be a zinc plating layer mainly containing zinc, or a zinc alloy plating layer containing aluminum and/or magnesium in addition to zinc.
- the present invention can manufacture a desired steel sheet through the process of [steel slab reheating - hot rolling - winding - cooling - cold rolling - continuous annealing - cooling - reheating and holding], and then [dip galvanizing - alloying heat treatment] ] and the like can be further performed.
- the heating process may be performed in a temperature range of 1050 to 1250 °C. If the heating temperature is less than 1050 ° C., there is a problem in that the load applied to the roller during hot rolling increases rapidly due to increased friction between the steel sheet and the rolling mill. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 1250 ° C., energy costs required for temperature rise increase, and the amount of surface scale increases, which may lead to material loss.
- the heating process may be performed in a temperature range of 1050 to 1250 °C.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet may be manufactured by finish hot-rolling the steel slab heated according to the above above the Ar3 transformation point, and at this time, it is preferable that the outlet temperature satisfies Ar3 ⁇ Ar3 + 50 ° C.
- the finish hot rolling may be performed in a temperature range of 800 ⁇ 1000 °C.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured according to the above may be wound, and at this time, it may be performed in a temperature range of 400 to 700 ° C.
- the strength of the hot-rolled steel sheet may be excessively high, causing a rolling load during subsequent cold rolling.
- excessive cost and time are required to cool the hot-rolled steel sheet to the coiling temperature, which causes an increase in process cost.
- the temperature exceeds 700 ° C. scale is excessively generated on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet, which is likely to cause surface defects and deteriorates plating properties.
- the winding process may be performed in a temperature range of 400 to 700 °C.
- cooling means an average cooling rate.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet wound according to the above may be cold-rolled to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet, and at this time, it may be performed at a cold rolling reduction rate (total reduction rate) of 30 to 80%.
- the present invention increases the stored energy in the steel by controlling the cumulative reduction ratio of the initial stand, preferably the 1st to 3rd stands, to 20% or more during the cold rolling, thereby increasing the ferrite in the subsequent annealing process.
- the effect of acting as a driving force to promote recrystallization can be obtained. Due to this, it is possible to impart an effect of lowering the fraction of non-recrystallized ferrite in the steel.
- the cumulative reduction rate of the initial stands 1 to 3 is less than 20% or the cold reduction rate (total reduction rate) to the final stand is less than 30%, it is difficult to secure the target thickness, and the steel sheet There is a problem that makes shape correction difficult. In addition, there is a problem in that the fraction of non-recrystallized ferrite increases and ductility decreases.
- the cold rolling reduction ratio to the final stand exceeds 80% during cold rolling, the strength increases, resulting in a roll load during cold rolling, and the possibility of cracks occurring at the edge of the steel sheet. there is.
- the cold rolling may be performed using a rolling mill consisting of 5 or 6 stands, but it should be noted that it is not limited thereto.
- the continuous annealing treatment may be performed in a continuous alloying hot-dipping furnace, for example.
- the continuous annealing step is a process for forming ferrite and austenite phases and decomposing carbon at the same time as recrystallization.
- the continuous annealing treatment is preferably carried out in a temperature range of Ac1 + 30 ° C to Ac 3 + 30 ° C, and more advantageously may be performed in a temperature range of 800 to 870 ° C.
- the temperature is less than Ac1 + 30 ° C., sufficient recrystallization cannot be achieved, and it is difficult to form sufficient austenite to secure the target level of martensite phase and bainite phase fraction after annealing.
- the temperature exceeds Ac3+30°C, the size of austenite grains becomes coarse, making it impossible to evenly form a fine retained austenite phase around the hard phase.
- the productivity is lowered, and the formation of surface condensation is intensified by elements that reduce the wettability of hot-dip galvanizing such as Si, Mn, and B due to high-temperature annealing, so that the plating surface quality cannot be secured.
- the cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 10° C./s or less (excluding 0° C./s) from 450 to 700° C. (cooling at this time is referred to as primary cooling), followed by 3° C. to 250 to 500° C. It is preferable to cool at an average cooling rate of /s or more (cooling at this time is referred to as secondary cooling).
- the present invention controls the fraction of martensite and bainite produced at this time by controlling the end temperature in the subsequent secondary cooling process in forming the tempered martensite and bainite phases with a total area fraction of 40 to 80% as the final structure can do.
- the subsequent secondary cooling when the subsequent secondary cooling is terminated below Ms (martensite transformation start temperature), a relatively large amount of martensite phase can be formed. To this end, it is advantageous to control the termination temperature of the primary cooling as low as possible. do.
- the subsequent secondary cooling ends in the bainite temperature range, the bainite phase can be relatively advantageously formed, and for this purpose, it is advantageous to control the end temperature of the primary cooling higher.
- the primary cooling when the subsequent secondary cooling is terminated at Ms or less, the primary cooling may be performed up to a temperature range of 450 to 600 ° C., and when the subsequent secondary cooling is terminated in the bainite temperature range, the primary cooling is performed at 550 ° C. It is preferable to carry out to the temperature range of -700 degreeC.
- the primary cooling may be performed at an average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more.
- the target microstructure can be induced to be formed by controlling the cooling end temperature and the cooling rate.
- the bainite fraction can be increased.
- the precipitation of carbides is delayed due to the effect of Si and Al during the bainite transformation process, stability of retained austenite increases and ductility can be improved as carbon is distributed from bainite to peripheral non-transformed austenite.
- the secondary cooling may be terminated below 400°C.
- the average cooling rate during the secondary cooling is less than 3 ° C. / s, there is a concern that the bainite phase may not be formed to a target level as the pearlite phase is formed.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art will be able to select it appropriately in consideration of the specifications of the cooling facility. For example, it may be performed at 100° C./s or less.
- the secondary cooling may use a hydrogen cooling facility using hydrogen gas (H 2 gas).
- H 2 gas hydrogen gas
- the hydrogen cooling facility may be controlled with 60 to 70% of hydrogen (H 2 ) and the balance of nitrogen (N 2 ).
- the cooling rate during the secondary cooling can be performed faster than the cooling rate during the primary cooling.
- a process of maintaining the temperature in the cooled temperature range for 30 seconds or more may be further performed.
- the microstructure intended in the present invention can be formed through the process of reheating and maintaining the cold-rolled steel sheet, which has been cooled in stages as described above. Specifically, it is preferable to go through a process of reheating the secondary cooled cold-rolled steel sheet to a temperature of 490° C. or less and maintaining it for 30 seconds or more.
- quenched martensite generated in the previous cooling process can be transformed into tempered martensite, and bainite transformation is also accompanied.
- the reheating temperature may be limited to 490 ° C or less, and more advantageously may be 350 ° C or more.
- the present invention by optimizing the alloy composition system and manufacturing conditions described above, while forming tempered martensite and bainite as a matrix structure as a microstructure, a certain fraction of retained austenite is formed around the tempered martensite and bainite By forming it finely and uniformly, it is possible to increase the yield ratio and ductility compared to the existing DP steel, thereby improving the formability for parts processing of the steel plate and the crash resistance performance in the event of a vehicle collision.
- the steel sheet of the present invention precisely controlled in this way can secure ductility while maintaining a high yield ratio compared to conventional DP steel. As a result, it is possible to provide a high-strength steel sheet having excellent ductility, hole expandability, formability, and crash resistance.
- the present invention can provide a coated steel sheet by plating the cold-rolled steel sheet manufactured according to the above.
- the hot-dip galvanizing may be performed under normal conditions, but may be performed in a temperature range of 430 to 490 ° C as an example.
- the composition of the hot-dip zinc-based plating bath is not particularly limited during the hot-dip galvanizing, and may be a pure zinc plating bath or a zinc-based alloy plating bath containing Si, Al, Mg, and the like.
- the hot-dip zinc-based coated steel sheet can be obtained by subjecting the hot-dip zinc-based coated steel sheet to alloying heat treatment.
- the alloying heat treatment process conditions are not particularly limited, and may be ordinary conditions.
- the alloying heat treatment process may be performed in a temperature range of 480 to 600 °C.
- a final cooling and temper rolling process may be performed after the hot-dip galvanizing or alloying heat treatment.
- Fresh martensite may be further introduced by final cooling the steel sheet subjected to hot-dip galvanization or alloying heat treatment according to the above. At this time, the final cooling is preferably carried out to room temperature at a cooling rate of 3 °C / s or more.
- the cooling rate during the cooling is less than 3 ° C./s, the fresh martensite phase cannot be secured at an intended level during the cooling process. Meanwhile, the upper limit of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but may be 50° C./s or less to form a press martensite phase of a certain fraction.
- the reduction ratio is preferably less than 2% (excluding 0%). If the reduction ratio is 2% or more, it is advantageous in terms of dislocation formation, but side effects such as plate breakage may occur due to facility capability limitations.
- each heated slab was hot-rolled at Ar3 to Ar3 + 50 ° C. to prepare a hot-rolled steel sheet. Thereafter, each hot-rolled steel sheet was wound at 400 to 700 ° C and then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 0.1 ° C / s or less. Thereafter, the cooled hot-rolled steel sheet was cold-rolled at a cold rolling reduction ratio of 45 to 75% to manufacture a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the cold rolling was performed in a rolling mill composed of 6 stands, and the cumulative reduction ratio of stands 1 to 3 was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2 below.
- each cold-rolled steel sheet was continuously annealed under the conditions shown in Table 2, and then gradually cooled (primary-secondary cooling and holding). After the secondary cooling and holding process was completed, a process of reheating to a temperature of 490° C. or lower and then maintaining the temperature at that temperature was performed. The process of holding after the secondary cooling was performed for 30 seconds.
- galvanizing was performed in a hot-dip galvanizing bath at 430 to 490 ° C, followed by final cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5 ° C / s, and temper rolling at less than 2% to prepare a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
- alloying heat treatment was performed on some steels after the galvanizing treatment.
- each steel sheet prepared according to the above was observed and shown in Table 3 below.
- the microstructure of each steel plate was analyzed using FE-SEM, image analyzer, EBSD, and XRD after Nital corrosion at the point of 1/4t (t: steel plate thickness (unit mm)) of the plate thickness of the steel plate.
- the fractions of tempered martensite (TM), bainite (B), ferrite (F), fresh martensite (FM), and retained austenite (A) were measured.
- the occupancy rate of retained austenite was also measured using EBSD.
- the hole expandability is a hole punched in a circular shape with a diameter of 10 mm according to the ISO 16630 procedure, pushed up until cracks occur in the specimen with a conical punch, and the ratio of the diameter of the initial hole to the diameter of the hole after the change is calculated. It was measured and calculated using the following formula.
- Hole expansion rate (HER, %) ⁇ (D - D 0 ) / D 0 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- D means the hole diameter (mm) when the crack penetrates the steel sheet along the thickness direction
- D 0 means the initial hole diameter (mm).
- the tempered martensite phase and the bainite phase are formed in a total of 40 to 80 area% and a retained austenite phase was mainly formed around the tempered martensite phase and the bainite phase. Accordingly, high strength of 980 MPa or more, yield ratio of 0.6 to 0.9 were satisfied, elongation of 10% or more and hole expandability of 20% or more were secured.
- the strength and ductility of the steel sheet manufactured according to the present invention are greatly improved at the same time, and in particular, by satisfying the value of relational expression 2, the crash resistance and formability targeted by the present invention can be secured.
- Comparative Steels 1 to 5 which deviate from the relational expression 1 proposed in the present invention and do not satisfy the manufacturing conditions, did not form a microstructure as intended, and thus had inferior at least one physical property.
- Comparative steel 1 was unable to secure the target level of strength due to excessive ferrite phase, poor hole expandability, and it was impossible to secure crash resistance and formability as it deviated from relational expression 2.
- Comparative steel 4 had a relatively low elongation because the retained austenite phase was not formed around the hard phase, and thus it was impossible to secure crash resistance and formability as it deviated from relational expression 2.
- Relational Expression 1 is a graph showing the change in mechanical properties (Relational Expression 2) according to the value of Relational Expression 1.
- the retained austenite phase is mainly formed around the tempered martensite phase and the bainite phase, and it can be seen that the ferrite phase and the fresh martensite phase are properly formed.
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Abstract
Description
| 구분 | 합금조성(중량%) | 관계식1 | |||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Sol.Al | Nb | Ti | B | Cr | Mo | Sb | ||
| 발명강1 | 0.14 | 0.60 | 2.41 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.035 | 0.021 | 0.040 | 0 | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0 | 1.81 |
| 발명강2 | 0.16 | 0.70 | 2.39 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.011 | 0 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.030 | 2.08 |
| 발명강3 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 2.21 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.030 | 0 | 0 | 0.0016 | 0.51 | 0 | 0 | 2.40 |
| 발명강4 | 0.15 | 0.90 | 2.22 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.030 | 0 | 0 | 0.0010 | 0.71 | 0 | 0.034 | 2.21 |
| 발명강5 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 2.20 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.030 | 0 | 0 | 0.0014 | 0.42 | 0 | 0.038 | 2.48 |
| 발명강6 | 0.18 | 1.00 | 1.99 | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.030 | 0 | 0 | 0.0015 | 0.69 | 0 | 0.036 | 2.56 |
| 비교강1 | 0.06 | 0.41 | 2.29 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.021 | 0.0027 | 0.84 | 0.12 | 0.018 | 0.96 |
| 비교강2 | 0.07 | 0.40 | 2.32 | 0.021 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 0.051 | 0.020 | 0.0024 | 0.85 | 0.13 | 0 | 1.03 |
| 비교강3 | 0.07 | 0.60 | 2.31 | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.035 | 0.021 | 0.021 | 0.0020 | 0.85 | 0.12 | 0 | 1.25 |
| 비교강4 | 0.11 | 0.60 | 2.61 | 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.025 | 0.023 | 0.015 | 0 | 0.50 | 0.21 | 0.031 | 1.56 |
| 비교강5 | 0.11 | 0.30 | 2.63 | 0.015 | 0.001 | 0.125 | 0.021 | 0.015 | 0 | 0.51 | 0.21 | 0.030 | 1.31 |
| 구분 | 권취 온도 (℃) |
냉간압연 | 소둔 | 1차냉각 | 2차냉각 | 재가열 | 유지 | |||
| 1~3스탠드 누적 압하율 (%) |
총 압하율 (%) |
온도 (℃) |
종료 온도 (℃) |
냉각 속도 (℃/s) |
종료 온도 (℃) |
냉각 속도 (℃/s) |
온도 (℃) |
시간 (sec) |
||
| 발명강 1 | 540 | 30 | 60 | 860 | 550 | 5.4 | 280 | 12.8 | 450 | 55 |
| 발명강 2 | 620 | 35 | 55 | 840 | 680 | 2.9 | 480 | 9.5 | 460 | 60 |
| 발명강 3 | 650 | 25 | 70 | 850 | 600 | 4.5 | 450 | 7.1 | 480 | 45 |
| 발명강 4 | 570 | 40 | 50 | 860 | 480 | 6.8 | 300 | 8.5 | 480 | 40 |
| 발명강 5 | 520 | 30 | 65 | 870 | 500 | 6.6 | 300 | 8.5 | 420 | 65 |
| 발명강 6 | 600 | 25 | 60 | 810 | 550 | 4.6 | 300 | 11.9 | 460 | 45 |
| 비교강 1 | 750 | 25 | 45 | 770 | 650 | 3.9 | 550 | 4.7 | 550 | 45 |
| 비교강 2 | 580 | 15 | 60 | 830 | 680 | 2.7 | 500 | 9.5 | 530 | 60 |
| 비교강 3 | 620 | 30 | 70 | 850 | 750 | 1.8 | 300 | 21.4 | 300 | 20 |
| 비교강 4 | 600 | 40 | 55 | 850 | 680 | 3.2 | 200 | 22.8 | 460 | 25 |
| 비교강 5 | 300 | 35 | 75 | 810 | 680 | 3.1 | 450 | 10.9 | 560 | 50 |
| 구분 | 미세조직 (면적%) | 기계적 물성 | |||||||||
| TM+B | F | FM | A | 점유율 (ATM+B /AT) |
YS (MPa) |
TS (MPa) |
E1 (%) |
YR | HER (%) |
관계 식2 |
|
| 발명강 1 | 55 | 35 | 5 | 5 | 90 | 799 | 1065 | 14.7 | 0.75 | 30 | 10.4 |
| 발명강 2 | 48 | 32 | 13 | 7 | 91 | 755 | 1042 | 15.8 | 0.72 | 25 | 10.9 |
| 발명강 3 | 57 | 29 | 7 | 7 | 94 | 780 | 1041 | 15.3 | 0.75 | 31 | 11.0 |
| 발명강 4 | 60 | 25 | 7 | 8 | 95 | 845 | 1073 | 16.6 | 0.79 | 35 | 12.2 |
| 발명강 5 | 64 | 27 | 2 | 7 | 91 | 848 | 1077 | 15.4 | 0.79 | 40 | 11.3 |
| 발명강 6 | 58 | 26 | 7 | 9 | 98 | 823 | 1072 | 17.1 | 0.77 | 32 | 12.3 |
| 비교강 1 | 31 | 56 | 9 | 4 | 76 | 500 | 891 | 14.0 | 0.56 | 11 | 8.8 |
| 비교강 2 | 35 | 30 | 32 | 3 | 72 | 752 | 1081 | 10.3 | 0.70 | 21 | 6.7 |
| 비교강 3 | 85 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 65 | 986 | 1076 | 9.0 | 0.92 | 30 | 7.7 |
| 비교강 4 | 82 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 77 | 947 | 1084 | 10.3 | 0.87 | 32 | 8.3 |
| 비교강 5 | 38 | 20 | 40 | 2 | 70 | 802 | 1211 | 10.6 | 0.66 | 20 | 5.8 |
| YS: 항복강도, TS: 인장강도, El: 연신율, YR: 항복비(YS/TS) | |||||||||||
Claims (15)
- 중량%로, 탄소(C): 0.06~0.2%, 실리콘(Si): 0.4~1.4%, 망간(Mn): 1.8~3.0%, 산가용 알루미늄(Sol.Al): 1.0% 이하, 몰리브덴(Mo): 0.4% 이하, 크롬(Cr): 1.0% 이하, 안티몬(Sb): 0.06% 이하, 보론(B): 0.01% 이하, 인(P): 0.1% 이하, 황(S): 0.01% 이하, 잔부 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하고,상기 C, Si 및 Al은 하기 관계식 1을 만족하며,미세조직으로 템퍼드 마르텐사이트와 베이나이트 상을 면적분율 합으로 40~80%, 잔류 오스테나이트 상을 3~15%, 잔부 페라이트 및 프레시 마르텐사이트 상을 포함하고,상기 잔류 오스테나이트 상은 전체 잔류 오스테나이트 분율(AT)중 템퍼드 마르텐사이트와 베이나이트에 인접해 있는 잔류 오스테나이트(ATM+B)의 점유율(ATM+B /AT)이 90% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판.[관계식 1](8×C) + (1.1×Si) + (0.8×Al) ≥ 1.7(여기서, 각 원소는 중량 함량을 의미한다.)
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 강판은 티타늄(Ti): 0.05% 이하 및 니오븀(Nb): 0.05 이하 중 1종 이상을 더 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 페라이트는 면적분율 40% 이하로 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 프레시 마르텐사이트는 면적분율 20% 이하로 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 강판은 인장강도 980MPa 이상, 항복비 0.6~0.9, 연신율이 10% 이상, 구멍확장성이 20% 이상인 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 강판은 항복비, 연신율 및 인장강도의 관계가 하기 관계식 2를 만족하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판.[관계식 2](YR×El×1000)/TS ≥ 9(여기서, 각 물성의 단위는 배제한다.)
- 중량%로, 탄소(C): 0.06~0.2%, 실리콘(Si): 0.4~1.4%, 망간(Mn): 1.8~3.0%, 산가용 알루미늄(Sol.Al): 1.0% 이하, 몰리브덴(Mo): 0.4% 이하, 크롬(Cr): 1.0% 이하, 안티몬(Sb): 0.06% 이하, 보론(B): 0.01% 이하, 인(P): 0.1% 이하, 황(S): 0.01% 이하, 잔부 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하고, 상기 C, Si 및 Al은 하기 관계식 1을 만족하는 강 슬라브를 1050~1250℃의 온도범위에서 가열하는 단계;상기 재가열된 강 슬라브를 마무리 열간압연 출구측 온도 Ar3~Ar3+50℃의 온도 범위에서 마무리 열간압연하여 열연강판을 제조하는 단계;상기 열연강판을 400~700℃의 온도범위에서 권취하는 단계;상기 권취 후 열연강판을 0.1℃/s의 냉각속도로 상온까지 냉각하는 단계;상기 냉각 후 열연강판을 총 압하율 30~80%로 냉간압연하여 냉연강판을 제조하는 단계;상기 냉연강판을 연속소둔 처리하는 단계;상기 연속소둔 처리된 냉연강판을 450~700℃까지 10℃/s 이하의 냉각속도로 1차 냉각하는 단계;상기 1차 냉각 후 250~500℃까지 3℃/s 이상의 냉각속도로 냉각하는 2차 냉각하는 단계; 및상기 2차 냉각된 냉연강판을 490℃ 이하의 온도로 재가열하여 30초 이상 유지하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 냉간압연은 최초 1~3번 스탠드의 누적 압하율 20% 이상으로 행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.[관계식 1](8×C) + (1.1×Si) + (0.8×Al) ≥ 1.7(여기서, 각 원소는 중량 함량을 의미한다.)
- 제 7항에 있어서,상기 연속소둔 처리는 Ac1+30℃~Ac3+30℃의 온도범위에서 행하는 것인 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 7항에 있어서,상기 2차 냉각시 냉각속도는 1차 냉각시 냉각속도 보다 빠르게 행하는 것인 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 7항에 있어서,상기 2차 냉각은 수소(H2) 가스를 이용하는 수소급냉설비에서 행하는 것인 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 7항에 있어서,상기 2차 냉각 후 30초 이상 유지하는 단계를 더 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 7항에 있어서,상기 재가열 및 유지 후, 430~490℃의 도금욕에서 용융아연도금하는 단계를 더 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 12항에 있어서,상기 용융아연도금 후, 합금화 열처리하는 단계를 더 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 용융아연도금 또는 합금화 열처리 후, 평균 냉각속도 3℃/s 이상으로 상온까지 최종 냉각하는 단계를 더 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 14항에 있어서,상기 최종 냉각 후, 2% 미만의 압하율로 조질압연하는 단계를 더 포함하는 내충돌성능 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 강판의 제조방법.
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| WO2025056941A1 (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2025-03-20 | Arcelormittal | A cold rolled martensitic steel and a method of martensitic steel thereof |
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| KR20250010953A (ko) * | 2023-07-13 | 2025-01-21 | 주식회사 포스코 | 강판 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR20250093676A (ko) * | 2023-12-15 | 2025-06-25 | 주식회사 포스코 | 냉연강판 및 그 제조방법 |
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| MX2024005459A (es) | 2024-05-22 |
| JP2024541988A (ja) | 2024-11-13 |
| EP4428262A1 (en) | 2024-09-11 |
| EP4428262A4 (en) | 2025-06-11 |
| KR20230066166A (ko) | 2023-05-15 |
| CN118202081A (zh) | 2024-06-14 |
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