WO2023092301A1 - 二次电池充电方法和装置、计算机存储介质和电子设备 - Google Patents

二次电池充电方法和装置、计算机存储介质和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092301A1
WO2023092301A1 PCT/CN2021/132512 CN2021132512W WO2023092301A1 WO 2023092301 A1 WO2023092301 A1 WO 2023092301A1 CN 2021132512 W CN2021132512 W CN 2021132512W WO 2023092301 A1 WO2023092301 A1 WO 2023092301A1
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Prior art keywords
charging
power
battery
discharge
pulse
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/132512
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邹启凡
王细辉
许文竹
葛销明
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2024501554A priority Critical patent/JP2024526322A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/132512 priority patent/WO2023092301A1/zh
Priority to CN202180063077.1A priority patent/CN116491009A/zh
Priority to EP21965041.3A priority patent/EP4329045A4/en
Priority to KR1020247000717A priority patent/KR20240017950A/ko
Publication of WO2023092301A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092301A1/zh
Priority to US18/523,933 priority patent/US20240092211A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/68Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/40Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/855Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/927Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/933Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/80Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
    • H02J7/82Control of state of charge [SOC]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/96Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the battery field, in particular to a secondary battery charging method and device, a computer storage medium and electronic equipment.
  • electric vehicles Due to its high environmental protection, low noise, and low cost of use, electric vehicles have huge market prospects and can effectively promote energy conservation and emission reduction, which is conducive to social development and progress, and battery technology is the core technology of electric vehicles.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are polarized during charging, and the accumulation of polarization can shorten the life of a lithium-ion battery.
  • the widely used fast charging technology greatly shortens the charging time while increasing the polarization of lithium-ion batteries and accelerating the life decay of lithium-ion batteries.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a secondary battery charging method and device, computer storage medium and electronic equipment, which can reduce the polarization of the secondary battery and improve the service life of the secondary battery.
  • the present application provides a charging method for a secondary battery, comprising the following steps:
  • a battery management unit (Battery Management System, BMS) sends first charging information to a charging source, where the first charging information includes a first charging power;
  • the charging source is used to charge the secondary battery with a constant power according to the first charging power
  • the BMS When the battery state parameter reaches a first predetermined value, the BMS sends a plurality of pulse discharge information to the charging source, each of the pulse discharge information includes discharge power and discharge time;
  • the charging source performs multiple constant power pulse discharges on the secondary battery according to the discharge power and discharge time in the plurality of pulse discharge information.
  • the charging source charges the secondary battery with constant power, and when the battery state parameter of the secondary battery reaches the first predetermined value, the charging source performs multiple constant power pulse discharges on the secondary battery.
  • the output power of the charging source can reach the rated power, improve charging efficiency, avoid capacity waste, and realize fast charging. And, when the battery state parameter reaches the first predetermined value, multiple pulse discharges are performed. Since multiple pulse constant power discharge steps are added in the constant power charging process, the polarization of the secondary battery can be reduced and the cycle life of the secondary battery can be improved.
  • the battery state parameter includes the state of charge (State of Charge, SOC) of the secondary battery.
  • the charging source determines whether to start performing constant power pulse discharge on the secondary battery according to the value of the SOC, that is, when the SOC reaches the first predetermined value, the charging source performs constant power pulse discharge on the secondary battery for several times.
  • the first predetermined value is above 50% SOC.
  • the BMS when the battery state parameter reaches a first predetermined value, the BMS sends first pulse discharge information to the charging source, and the first pulse discharge information includes the first discharge power and the first discharge power time; the charging source performs a first constant power pulse discharge on the secondary battery according to the first pulse discharge information; after the first discharge time has elapsed, the BMS sends a second pulse to the charging source Discharge information, the second pulse discharge information includes a second discharge power and a second discharge time; the charging source performs a second constant power pulse discharge on the secondary battery according to the second pulse discharge information.
  • the charging source performs two pulse discharges on the secondary battery, which can not only improve the polarization of the battery, but also meet the needs of fast charging.
  • the first discharging power is greater than the first charging power, and the second discharging power is smaller than the first charging power.
  • the first discharge power is greater than the first charge power, that is, the first constant power pulse discharge is high power discharge. High power discharge after constant power charging can quickly reduce the polarization.
  • the second discharge power is smaller than the first charge power, that is, the second constant power pulse discharge is low power discharge. Discharging at low power after constant power charging can improve the anode potential after standing, thereby improving the polarization.
  • the first discharge time is 1 to 20 seconds
  • the second discharge time is 1 to 20 seconds
  • the pulse discharge time is preferably 1 to 20 seconds, which can not only improve battery polarization, but also meet the needs of fast charging.
  • the charging source after the multiple pulse constant power discharges, performs constant power charging on the secondary battery again with the first charging power according to the second charging information sent by the BMS ;
  • the charging source performs multiple constant power pulse discharges on the secondary battery again according to the multiple pulse discharge information sent by the BMS .
  • the charging source After the charging source performs constant power charging and multiple pulse constant power discharges on the secondary battery, the charging source performs constant power charging on the secondary battery again (the second constant power charging). After the battery state parameter reaches the second predetermined value , the charging source performs multiple constant power pulse discharges on the secondary battery again. After performing constant power charging and multiple constant power pulse discharges on the secondary battery, the second constant power charging and constant power pulse discharge can make the secondary battery continue to charge. Polarization improves the cycle life of secondary batteries.
  • the second predetermined value increases the SOC by 5%.
  • the charging source charges the secondary battery with a constant power again, and performs multiple pulse discharges again every time the SOC increases by 5%, so as to improve the polarization through pulse discharge during the continuous charging process.
  • the charging source repeatedly performs the constant power charging and the multiple pulse constant power discharges according to the second charging information and the multiple pulse discharging information sent by the BMS, until the voltage of the secondary battery reaches a predetermined value.
  • the constant power charging process can be continued under the state of suppressing polarization, and the cycle life of the secondary battery can be improved.
  • the present application provides a charging device for a secondary battery, including: a charging unit, which charges the secondary battery with a first charging power at a constant power according to the charging information sent by the BMS, and a pulse discharging unit, It performs constant power pulse discharge on the secondary battery according to the pulse discharge information sent by the BMS, wherein, when the battery state parameter reaches the first predetermined value, the pulse discharge unit discharges the secondary battery according to the multiple pulse discharge information sent by the BMS.
  • the secondary battery is subjected to multiple constant power pulse discharges.
  • the charging unit charges the secondary battery again with the first charging power at a constant power; when the secondary battery When the battery state parameter reaches a second predetermined value, the pulse discharge unit performs the multiple constant power pulse discharges again.
  • the pulse discharge unit and the charging unit alternately perform the multiple pulse discharges and the constant power charging until the voltage of the secondary battery reaches a predetermined value.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the secondary How to charge the battery.
  • the present application provides an electronic device, including: a memory storing computer instructions, and a processor running the computer instructions to execute the method for charging a secondary battery in the above embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device and a charging device according to some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging system according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a secondary battery charging method in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of the charging power of the battery charging method of some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the secondary battery charging method of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of charging power of a battery charging method according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the secondary battery charging method of the present application.
  • Figure 8 shows the experimental results of anode instantaneous potential improvement when pulse discharge is performed with different discharge powers after constant power charging
  • Figure 9 is the experimental results of the improvement of the instantaneous potential of the anode when the pulse discharge is performed with different discharge times after constant power charging;
  • Figure 10 is the experimental result of the improvement of the anode potential after the battery 121 is left standing for pulse discharge with different discharge powers after constant power charging;
  • Fig. 11 shows the experimental results of the improvement of the anode potential after the battery 121 is left to stand for pulse discharge with other different discharge powers after constant power charging;
  • Fig. 12 is the experimental result of the constant power cycle curve of the embodiment of the present application and some comparative examples
  • Fig. 13 is the experimental result of the constant power cycle curve of some comparative examples of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a structural diagram of the charging device 20 of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a structural diagram of the electronic device of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two)
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two)
  • multiple pieces refers to two More than one piece (including two pieces).
  • a power battery is a battery that provides a power source for an electrical device, and the power battery can be a variety of secondary batteries.
  • Secondary batteries also known as rechargeable batteries or accumulators, refer to batteries that can be activated by charging the active material after the battery is discharged and continue to be used.
  • the power battery can be a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a lithium-air battery, or a sodium-ion battery. Specific limits.
  • the power battery in the embodiment of the present application can be a cell/battery monomer, or a battery module or battery pack, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle, ship, spacecraft, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) of the power battery is a control system that protects the safety of the power battery, and implements functions such as charge and discharge management, high voltage control, battery protection, battery data collection, and battery status evaluation.
  • a charging pile also known as a charging machine, or a charging source, is a device for charging a power battery.
  • the charging pile can output charging power according to the charging demand of the BMS to charge the power battery.
  • the charging pile can be charged according to the charging voltage, charging current, charging time output voltage and current sent by the BMS.
  • the battery is generally charged by means of continuous charging of the charging pile.
  • a charging current flows through the battery so that the potential of the battery electrode deviates from the equilibrium electrode potential, that is, electrode polarization occurs. Electrode polarization will degrade the performance of the battery, greatly shorten the cycle life, and reduce the charging capacity of the battery.
  • a commonly used charging method for reducing polarization is the constant current and constant voltage charging method, that is, after constant current charging, the constant voltage charging process is added to charge with a smaller current to reduce the polarization. change.
  • This method is widely used in the charging process of lithium-ion batteries.
  • constant current and constant voltage charging after constant current charging, it is changed to constant voltage charging with a small current when it is close to the termination voltage.
  • the final charging voltage is 4.2V.
  • the battery is charged with a constant current of 800mA (charging rate 1C), and the battery voltage rises with a relatively large slope at the beginning.
  • charging rate 1C charging rate 1C
  • the lithium battery current will gradually drop, and the voltage will not change much.
  • the charging current drops to 1/10C (about 80mA), it is considered to be close to full and the charging can be terminated.
  • Another charging method to reduce polarization is to increase the negative pulse current during constant current charging. For example, charge the battery for a long time with a constant charging current, after standing still, discharge the battery for a short time with a constant discharge current, and then repeat constant current charging and constant current discharge until the battery voltage reaches the charging cut-off voltage .
  • This method can effectively reduce the accumulation of battery polarization, reduce the heat generation of the battery, and increase the charging speed.
  • constant current and constant voltage or increasing negative pulse current during the constant current process is effective for reducing polarization, it will cause the output power of the charger to fail to reach the rated power, resulting in a waste of capacity, which is not conducive to the charging efficiency of the charging pile. improvement.
  • constant current and constant voltage charging methods cannot be used in many cases, for example, frequency modulation and peak regulation of the power grid.
  • Constant power charging that is, the charging pile maintains a certain constant output power to charge the battery, which can ensure high charging efficiency and is conducive to fast charging.
  • constant power charging will cause large electrode polarization, and it cannot Voltage charging or constant current pulse discharge to reduce polarization.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a charging method that can effectively reduce polarization and realize fast charging under constant power charging, and at the same time improve the service life of the secondary battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device and a charging device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrical device 10 is an electric vehicle, which may be a pure electric vehicle or a pluggable hybrid electric vehicle.
  • a battery 121 (see FIG. 2 ) is arranged inside the electric vehicle 10 to supply power to the electric vehicle 10 .
  • the charging device 20 is a device for charging the battery 121 and controlling the discharge of the battery 121 .
  • the charging device 20 in the embodiment of the present application may be an ordinary charging pile, a super charging pile, a charging pile supporting a vehicle to grid (V2G) mode, or a charging and discharging device/equipment capable of charging and discharging a battery, etc.
  • V2G vehicle to grid
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific type and specific application scenarios of the charging device 100 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging system according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the charging system 100 includes a charging device 20 and a battery system 120 , for example, the battery system 120 is installed on the electric vehicle 10 .
  • the battery pack there is at least one battery pack in the battery system 120 , and the battery pack may be collectively referred to as a battery 121 .
  • the specific type and scale of the battery 121 are not specifically limited.
  • the battery system 120 is also provided with a battery management system (battery management system, BMS) 122 for monitoring the state of the battery 121.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS 122 can be integrated with the battery 121 in the same device, or it can be set outside the battery 121 as an independent device.
  • the charging device 20 can be connected to the battery 121 through the electric wire 130, and connected to the BMS 122 through the communication line 140, and the communication line 140 is used for information exchange between the charging device 20 and the BMS122.
  • the communication line 140 may be a controller area network (control area network, CAN) communication bus, or a daisy chain (daisy chain) communication bus.
  • the charging device 20 can also communicate with the BMS 122 through a wireless network.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the communication type between the charging device 20 and the BMS 122.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a secondary battery charging method according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the charging method 300 shown in FIG. 3 is applicable to the charging device 20 and the battery system 120 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the secondary battery charging method 300 of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the BMS 122 sends first charging information to the charging device 20 through the communication line 140 .
  • the first charging information includes but not limited to the first charging power, which can be used as a charging request sent by the BMS 122 to the charging device 20 , that is, the BMS 122 requests the charging device 20 to charge the battery 121 with a constant power of the first charging power.
  • step S302 the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power at the first charging power according to the received first charging information.
  • step S303 the BMS 122 calculates the state parameters of the battery 121 .
  • the state parameters of the battery 121 may be battery temperature, battery voltage, battery capacity, state of charge (State of Charge, SOC) of the battery 121, etc., and the battery state parameters are obtained through calculation by the BMS122.
  • Step S304 when the state parameter reaches the first predetermined value, the BMS 122 sequentially sends a plurality of pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 as a charging request sent by the BMS 122 to the charging device 20 .
  • each pulse discharge information includes but not limited to discharge power and discharge time.
  • step S305 the charging device 20 sequentially discharges the battery 121 with constant power pulses for several times according to the discharge power and discharge time in the received pulse discharge information.
  • the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power, and when the battery state parameter of the battery 121 reaches the first predetermined value, the charging device 20 discharges the battery 121 with constant power pulses for several times, thereby being able to Improves battery polarization and enables fast charging.
  • the battery charging method of this embodiment will be specifically described below.
  • Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of charging power of a battery charging method according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the horizontal axis represents time
  • the vertical axis represents charging power, that is, the charging power of the charging device 20 for charging the battery 121 .
  • a positive charging power represents charging
  • a negative charging power represents discharging.
  • the power values mP, xP, yP, etc. will be described in detail in conjunction with FIG. 5 .
  • the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power mP, and from T1 to T2, the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with different powers xP, yP, ..., and different discharge times,
  • the battery 121 is pulse-discharged a plurality of times.
  • the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 again with the power mP.
  • the charging device 20 performs multiple pulse discharges on the battery 121 again with different powers and different discharge times, from T4 to T5 , repeat the above steps until the battery 121 is fully charged or charged to a certain state of charge.
  • the battery charging method of this embodiment includes the steps of constant power charging and multi-step constant power pulse discharge.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the secondary battery charging method of the present application.
  • P represents the 1-hour rated charging power of the charging device 20 , that is, the charging power required to fully charge the battery within 1 hour
  • P is the product of the discharge voltage platform of a single battery and the battery capacity.
  • the secondary battery charging method 500 of this embodiment includes the following steps.
  • step S501 the BMS 122 sends the first charging information to the charging device 20 as a charging request sent by the BMS 122 to the charging device 20 .
  • the first charging information includes constant power charging power.
  • the charging power (first charging power) contained in the first charging information is set as mP, and the value of the coefficient m therein can be determined according to the actual charging capacity of the battery cell of the battery 121.
  • mP can be the battery without decomposition.
  • step S502 the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power at the first charging power mP.
  • step S503 the BMS 122 calculates the battery state parameter of the battery 121, and determines whether the battery state parameter reaches a predetermined value.
  • the battery state parameter is preferably the state of charge SOC.
  • the state of charge SOC is the ratio of the current power of the battery 121 to the power of the fully charged state. It is usually expressed as a percentage, and the value range is 0 to 100%. .
  • the BMS 122 measures the SOC of the battery 121 and determines whether the SOC of the battery 121 reaches a predetermined value k.
  • Step S504 when the state of charge SOC reaches a predetermined value k, the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 , the pulse discharge information includes discharge power xP and discharge time tx.
  • the value of the coefficient x and the discharge time tx can be determined according to the requirement of eliminating polarization. In this embodiment, the preferred discharge time tx is 1 to 30 seconds.
  • step pulse discharge starts after the state of charge SOC reaches a certain value, which can effectively reduce the polarization of the battery 121 .
  • step S505 the charging device 20 performs constant power pulse discharge on the battery 121 according to the received discharge power xP and discharge time tx, and the discharge time is tx. Refer to the pulse discharge power waveform from T1 to t1 in FIG. 4 .
  • Step S506 the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 , the pulse discharge information includes discharge power yP and discharge time ty.
  • the value of the coefficient y and the discharge time ty can be determined according to the requirement of eliminating polarization. In this embodiment, the preferred discharge time ty is 1 to 30 seconds.
  • step S507 the charging device 20 performs constant power pulse discharge on the battery 121 according to the received discharge power yP and discharge time ty, and the discharge time is ty.
  • the pulse discharge power waveform from time t1 to t2 in FIG. 4 .
  • Step S508 repeat steps S506 and S507 with different discharge powers and discharge times, and perform multiple pulse discharges with different powers and different discharge times. Refer to the pulse discharge power waveform from time t2 to T2 in FIG. 4 .
  • Step S509 after the charging device 20 completes the scheduled pulse discharge according to the pre-established charging scheme, the BMS 122 sends constant power charging information to the charging device 20 again, including the first charging power mP.
  • step S510 the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 again with a constant power at the charging power mP, and continues the charging process.
  • the constant power charging power waveform from time T2 to T3 in FIG. 4 .
  • step S511 the BMS 122 calculates the SOC of the battery 121, and determines whether the SOC of the battery 121 reaches a predetermined value k2.
  • Step S512 when the state of charge SOC reaches a predetermined value k2 , the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 , the pulse discharge information includes discharge power and discharge time.
  • Step S513 the charging device 20 performs constant power pulse discharge on the battery 121 according to the received pulse discharge information, that is, the discharge power and discharge time, and when the preset discharge time elapses, the BMS 122 sends another pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 , the charging device 20 performs constant power pulse discharge on the battery 121 with different discharge powers until the predetermined pulse discharge steps are completed.
  • the pulse discharge waveforms at times T3 to T4 in FIG. 4 Refer to the pulse discharge waveforms at times T3 to T4 in FIG. 4 .
  • step S51 steps S509 to S513 are repeated in this way, and the battery 121 is continuously charged with constant power and multi-step constant power pulse discharge until the battery 121 is fully charged or reaches a certain state of charge.
  • steps S509 to S513 are repeated in this way, and the battery 121 is continuously charged with constant power and multi-step constant power pulse discharge until the battery 121 is fully charged or reaches a certain state of charge.
  • step pulse discharge starts after the SOC value reaches a certain value k, which can effectively reduce the polarization of the battery 121.
  • k the number of subsequent pulse discharges needs to be shortened, so k ⁇ 50% is preferred in this embodiment.
  • the value of k2 is preferably increased by 5% of the SOC of the battery 121 . That is, the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 every time 5% of the electricity is charged.
  • the polarization of the battery 121 can be reduced, the cycle life of the battery 121 can be improved, and fast charging can be ensured.
  • the number of pulse discharges is not limited in the above embodiments.
  • the number of constant power pulse discharges is limited to two. The details will be described below.
  • Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of charging power of a battery charging method according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • the horizontal axis represents time
  • the vertical axis represents charging power, that is, the charging power of the charging device 20 for charging the battery 121 .
  • a positive charging power represents charging
  • a negative charging power represents discharging.
  • the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power mP, and from T1 to T2 , the charging device 20 discharges the battery 121 twice with power xP and yP. From T2 to T3, the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 again with power mP, from T3 to T4, the charging device 20 performs pulse discharge on the battery 121 again, from T4 to T5, repeat the above steps until the battery 121 is fully charged Or reach a certain state of charge.
  • the battery charging method of this embodiment includes a constant power charging step and two constant power pulse discharging steps.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a secondary battery charging method 700 of the present application.
  • the secondary battery charging method 700 of this embodiment includes the following steps.
  • step S701 the BMS 122 sends the first charging power mP to the charging device 20 .
  • step S702 the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power at the first charging power mP.
  • the constant power charging power waveform from 0 to T1 in Figure 6.
  • step S703 the BMS 122 calculates the SOC of the battery 121, and determines whether the SOC of the battery 121 has reached, for example, 50% SOC.
  • Step S704 when the state of charge SOC reaches 50%, the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 , the pulse discharge information includes discharge power xP and discharge time tx.
  • step pulse discharge starts after the state of charge SOC reaches a certain value, which can effectively reduce the polarization of the battery 121 .
  • the number of subsequent pulse discharges should be shortened as much as possible, preferably k ⁇ 50% in this embodiment.
  • the discharge power xP and discharge time tx can be determined according to the requirement of depolarization.
  • the discharging power xP is greater than the first charging power mP.
  • step S705 the charging device 20 performs constant power pulse discharge on the battery 121 according to the received discharge power xP and discharge time tx, and the discharge time is tx. Refer to the pulse discharge power waveform from T1 to t1 in FIG. 6 .
  • the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information to the charging device 20, and the information includes discharge power yP and discharge time ty.
  • the value of the coefficient y and the discharge time ty can be determined according to the requirement of eliminating polarization.
  • the discharging power yP is smaller than the first charging power mP.
  • Step S707 the charging device 20 performs constant power pulse discharge on the battery 121 according to the received discharge power yP and discharge time ty, and the discharge time is ty. Refer to the pulse discharge power waveform from time t1 to T2 in FIG. 6 .
  • Step S708 when the charging device 20 discharges the battery 121 with a constant power pulse at the discharge power yP for a period of ty, the BMS 122 sends constant power charging information to the charging device 20 again, including the first charging power mP.
  • Step S709 the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 again with a constant power at the charging power mP, and continues the charging process of the battery 121 .
  • the constant power charging power waveform from time T2 to T3 in FIG. 6 .
  • step S710 the BMS 122 measures and calculates the SOC of the battery 121, and determines whether the SOC of the battery 121 reaches a predetermined value k2.
  • Step S711 when the state of charge SOC reaches a predetermined value k2 , the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information to the charging device 20 , the pulse discharge information includes discharge power xP and discharge time tx.
  • the value of k2 is preferably increased by 5% of the SOC of the battery 121 . That is, the BMS 122 sends pulse discharge information such as discharge power xP and discharge time tx to the charging device 20 every time 5% of the electricity is charged.
  • Step S712 repeating steps S705 to S711 , continuously performing two constant power pulse discharges and constant power charging on the battery 121 until the battery 121 is fully charged or charged to a certain state of charge. Referring to the waveforms from time T4 to T5 in FIG. 6 .
  • adding two steps of constant power pulse discharge steps in the constant power charging process can reduce the polarization of the battery 121, improve the cycle life of the battery 121, and ensure fast charging.
  • the battery system adopted in the following experimental results, examples and comparative examples is a ternary lithium battery, using the ternary material nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium (Li(NiCoMn) O ) as the main cathode material, graphite as the main anode material, and then The upper diaphragm, commercial electrolyte and casing are assembled into a laminated battery, wherein the diaphragm is made of polyethylene material, and the electrolyte is composed of ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) according to 1:
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • the volume ratio of 1:1 is made into a solution, and LiPF6 is uniformly dissolved in the above solution to obtain an electrolyte, and the concentration of LiPF6 is 1.2mol/L.
  • the temperature is 25°C
  • Fig. 8 is the experimental result of improving the transient potential of the anode when the charging method of the present application is applied to charge at a constant power and then discharge with pulses at different discharge powers.
  • the charging device 20 continues to charge the battery 121 with a constant power at a charging power of 2P until the SOC increases by 5%.
  • the battery 121 is pulse-discharged, and after the discharge time tz, the potential V2 of the anode at this moment is measured, and after standing still for 10-30 minutes, the potential V3 after standing is measured. This cycle is repeated until the battery 121 is fully charged, thereby obtaining the anode potentials V1 , V2 , V3 corresponding to each SOC value from 5% SOC to 100% SOC.
  • V1 measured in this way is the anode potential after constant power charging and standing
  • V2 is the anode potential at the end of pulse discharge, which is called “anode instantaneous potential”.
  • V3 is the anode potential after the pulse discharge ends and rests, so it is called “the anode potential after resting”. Regarding V3, it will be described in conjunction with Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 .
  • the percent improvement R of the anode instantaneous potential is defined as follows:
  • R represents the effect of pulse discharge on eliminating the instantaneous polarization of the anode, which can reflect the influence of the pulse discharge step (ie, the first discharge step) immediately after constant power charging on polarization.
  • the discharge power Pz takes values of 1P, 2P, and 4P respectively, and the discharge time tz is 5 seconds.
  • the experimental curves of the instantaneous potential improvement of the anode under different discharge powers are obtained.
  • the initial state of the battery 121 should remain the same under different discharge powers. Therefore, before starting to charge the battery 121, the battery 121 is all discharged to a full discharge state, that is, the state of 0% SOC, This keeps the same initial state.
  • the horizontal axis is the state of charge SOC of the battery 121
  • the vertical axis is the improvement percentage R of the instantaneous potential of the anode.
  • the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power, and the state of charge SOC continues to increase.
  • the state of charge SOC which is the initial value of the pulse discharge, has a great influence on eliminating the instantaneous polarization of the anode.
  • the curves S001, S002, and S003 under different discharge powers, when the state of charge ⁇ 40% SOC, the improvement range of the anode potential has increased significantly, that is, when the state of charge ⁇ 40% SOC, the battery 121 Constant power pulse discharge can significantly improve the polarization. This corresponds to the lithium intercalation platform of the anode material graphite.
  • the constant power charging process will form a large polarization, and the pulse discharge after constant power charging can improve the polarization.
  • the anode potential improvement is the largest when the discharge power Pz is 4P, the anode potential improvement is the smallest when the discharge power Pz is 1P, and the anode potential improvement is obvious when the discharge power Pz is 2P. It can be seen that after constant power charging, pulse discharge with a larger discharge power is beneficial to improve the instantaneous potential of the anode and help to quickly eliminate polarization.
  • the discharge power xP of the first pulse discharge performed after constant power charging is greater than the first charging power mP.
  • m 2, and in this case, it is more preferable that 2 ⁇ x ⁇ 4.
  • Fig. 9 shows the experimental results of the improvement of the transient potential of the anode when the charging method of the present application is applied to charge at a constant power and then discharge with pulses at different discharge times.
  • the experimental method of Fig. 9 and the acquisition method of experimental data are the same as Fig. 8, that is, the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 at a constant power with the charging power 2P. Increase by 5%, suspend charging, and after standing for 10 to 30 minutes, measure the potential V1 (that is, the reference potential) of the anode, then the charging device 20 performs pulse discharge on the battery 121 with the discharge power 2P and the discharge time tz, after the discharge time tz Finally, measure the potential V2 of the anode at this moment, and after standing still for 10 to 30 minutes, measure the potential V3 of the anode after standing still.
  • V1 that is, the reference potential
  • the charging device 20 continues to charge the battery 121 with a constant power at a charging power of 2P until the state of charge SOC increases by 5%. Then pulse discharge the battery 121, measure the potential V2 of the anode at this moment after the discharge time tz, and then stand still for 10-30 minutes, and measure the potential V3 after standing still. This cycle is repeated until the battery 121 is fully charged, and the anode instantaneous potentials V1 , V2 , V3 corresponding to each SOC value from 5% SOC to 100% SOC are obtained.
  • the discharge time tz is set to 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, and 30 seconds respectively, and the experimental curves of the improvement of the instantaneous potential of the anode under different discharge times are obtained.
  • the initial state of the battery 121 should remain the same, therefore, before starting to charge the battery 121, the battery 121 is all discharged to a fully-discharged state, that is, the state of 0% SOC, so that Keep the same initial state.
  • the horizontal axis is the state of charge SOC of the battery 121
  • the vertical axis is the anode instantaneous potential improvement percentage R defined by the above formula (1)
  • the curves S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively correspond to the discharge time tz being 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds.
  • the anode potential improvement is the largest when the discharge time is 30 seconds, the anode potential improvement is the smallest when the discharge time is 5 seconds, and the anode potential improvement is obvious when the discharge time is 10 seconds and 20 seconds. It can be seen that after constant power charging, pulse discharge with a longer discharge time is beneficial to improve the instantaneous potential of the anode and help to eliminate polarization. Therefore, in the present application, the preferred discharge time is 1 to 30 seconds.
  • Figure 8 and Figure 9 are the experimental results of the improvement of the instantaneous potential of the anode by pulse discharge after constant power charging, indicating that high-power pulse discharge can quickly and greatly improve the instantaneous potential V2 of the anode at the end of pulse discharge.
  • FIG. 10 shows the experimental results of the improvement of the anode potential after charging with constant power, performing pulse discharge with different discharge powers, and then letting the battery 121 stand still.
  • the experimental method of Fig. 10 and the acquisition method of experimental data are the same as Fig. 8, that is, the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 at a constant power with the charging power 2P, and every 5% of the electric quantity is charged, that is, every time the state of charge SOC of the battery 121 Increase by 5%, suspend charging, and after standing for 10 to 30 minutes, measure the potential V1 (that is, the reference potential) of the anode, then the charging device 20 performs pulse discharge on the battery 121 with the discharge power Pz and the discharge time tz, and after the discharge time tz Finally, measure the potential V2 of the anode at this moment, and then stand still for 10 to 30 minutes, and measure the anode potential V3 after standing still.
  • the charging device 20 charges the battery 121 with a constant power at the charging power 2P until the state of charge SOC increases by 5%. Then pulse discharge the battery 121, measure the potential V2 of the anode at this moment after the discharge time tz, and then stand still for 10-30 minutes, and measure the potential V3 after standing still. This cycle is repeated until the battery 121 is fully charged, and the anode potentials V1 , V2 , V3 corresponding to each SOC value from 5% SOC to 100% SOC are obtained.
  • the percent improvement S in the anode potential after standing is defined as follows:
  • S indicates the improvement of the anode polarization by pulse discharge after the battery 121 is left standing, reflecting the effect of pulse discharge to eliminate the anode polarization in actual use.
  • the discharge power Pz is pulsed by 1P, 2P, and 4P respectively, and the discharge time tz is 10 seconds, and the experimental curves of the potential improvement of the anode after standing at different discharge powers are obtained.
  • the initial state of the battery 121 should remain the same under different discharge powers, therefore, before starting to charge the battery 121, the battery 121 is all discharged to a full discharge state, that is, 0% SOC state, thereby maintaining the same initial state.
  • the horizontal axis is the state of charge SOC of the battery 121
  • the vertical axis is the anode potential improvement percentage S after standing
  • the curves S008 , S009 , and S010 correspond to the discharge power Pz being 1P, 2P, and 4P respectively.
  • the discharge power Pz is 1P
  • the state of charge is 50% SOC
  • the anode potential improvement after standing reaches a peak value of about 9%
  • the state of charge is greater than 50% SOC
  • the anode potential after standing The improvement dropped sharply, but it was still positive, that is, there was still improvement, and when the state of charge was less than 50% SOC, the anode potential improvement dropped rapidly and became negative after standing, that is, there was no improvement.
  • the improvement of the anode potential after standing still reaches a peak value of about 4.5%, and when the state of charge is greater than 55% SOC, the improvement of the anode potential drops sharply after standing , but it is basically a positive value, that is, there is still an improvement, and when the state of charge is less than 55% SOC, the anode potential improvement drops rapidly after standing, and becomes a negative value, that is, there is no improvement.
  • the improvement of the anode potential after standing still reaches a peak value of about 4%, and when the state of charge is greater than 65% SOC, the improvement of the anode potential drops sharply after standing , but it is basically a positive value, that is, there is still an improvement, and when the state of charge is less than 65% SOC, the anode potential improvement drops rapidly after standing, and becomes a negative value, that is, there is no improvement.
  • the improvement of the anode potential after standing still is very different.
  • the improvement is the largest when the discharge power Pz is 1P, and the improvement is the smallest when the discharge power Pz is 4P.
  • Fig. 11 is the same as Fig. 10, and shows the experimental results of the improvement of the anode potential after standing still when the pulse discharge is performed with other different discharge powers.
  • discharge power Pz adopts 1P, 0.8P, 0.5P for pulse discharge respectively
  • discharge time tz is 10 seconds
  • curves S011, S012, S013 correspond to discharge power 1P, 0.8P, 0.5P respectively.
  • a low-power pulse discharge step (that is, the second pulse discharge step) is added after constant power charging, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, preferably the discharge power yP of the second pulse discharge is less than that of the first charge Power mP.
  • Fig. 12 is the experimental results of the constant power cycle curves of the embodiments of the present application and some comparative examples.
  • Fig. 13 is the experimental results of constant power cycle curves of some comparative examples of the present application.
  • the cycle curve of the battery reflects the cycle life of the battery.
  • multiple constant power pulse discharge processes are added to the constant power charging process, which can reduce battery polarization, improve the constant power cycle life of the battery, and ensure that the fast charging time of the battery is not affected.
  • the experimental results are described in detail below.
  • the battery 121 is fully charged according to the charging method shown in FIG. 7 , and then the following steps are performed to measure the cycle life of the battery 121 .
  • Step S801 the battery 121 is left standing for 3 minutes.
  • Resting the battery 121 for 3 minutes can eliminate the influence of the overpotential generated during the previous charging process on the subsequent discharge in step 802 .
  • Step S802 discharge the battery 121 to the lower limit of the use voltage, that is, by connecting the load to the circuit of the battery 121, the battery 121 is discharged to the lower limit of the use voltage of the battery 121 2.8V, so far, a constant power charging cycle is completed. The amount of electricity discharged from the battery 121 during this cycle is measured.
  • steps S801 and S802 are performed to complete the next constant power charging cycle, and the power discharged by the battery 121 in this cycle is measured.
  • the ratio of the electricity discharged in the Nth cycle to the electricity discharged in the first cycle is defined as the "capacity retention rate" of the Nth cycle.
  • the horizontal axis is the number of constant power charging cycles, and the vertical axis is the capacity retention rate.
  • curve S101 is the constant power cycle curve of embodiment 1
  • curve S102 is the constant power cycle curve of embodiment 2
  • curve S103 is the constant power cycle curve of embodiment 3.
  • the charging methods of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3 are specifically as follows.
  • FIG. 12 also shows the experimental results of the capacity retention ratios of the charging methods of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 6, which correspond to curves S201 , S202 , and S206 in FIG. 12 , respectively.
  • FIG. 13 shows the experimental results of the capacity retention ratios of the charging methods of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, corresponding to the curves S201, S202, S203, S204, and S205 in FIG. 13, respectively.
  • the charging methods of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are specifically as follows.
  • Step 811 charge the battery 121 with a constant power at a power of 2P until it is fully charged, that is, the state of 100% SOC;
  • Step S812 leaving the battery 121 for 3 minutes;
  • Step S813 discharge the battery 121 to the lower limit of the use voltage, complete a constant power charging cycle, and measure the power discharged by the battery 121 in this cycle;
  • Steps S811, S812, and S813 were repeated to measure the amount of electricity discharged in each charging cycle of Comparative Example 1, and calculate the capacity retention rate of each cycle.
  • Step S821 charging the battery 121 with a constant power of 2P to a state of 5% SOC;
  • Step S822 performing pulse discharge on the battery 121 with a power of 2P, and the discharge time is 10 seconds;
  • Step S823 charging the battery 121 with a constant power at a power of 2P to increase the power of 5% of the SOC;
  • Step S824 repeating steps S822 and S823 until the battery 121 is fully charged, that is, reaching 100% SOC;
  • Step S826 discharge the battery 121 to the lower limit of the working voltage, complete a constant power charging cycle, and measure the power discharged by the battery 121 in this cycle;
  • Steps S821 to S826 were repeated to measure the electricity discharged in each charging cycle of Comparative Example 2, and calculate the capacity retention rate of each cycle.
  • Step S831 charging the battery 121 with constant power to 5% SOC with power 2P;
  • Step S832 pulse discharge the battery 121 with a power of 1P, and the discharge time is 10 seconds;
  • Step S833 charging the battery 121 with a constant power at a power of 2P to increase the power of 5% of the SOC;
  • Step S834 repeating steps S832 and S833 until the battery 121 is fully charged, that is, reaching 100% SOC;
  • Step S836 discharging the battery 121 to the lower limit of the working voltage, completing a charging cycle, and measuring the electric quantity discharged by the battery 121 in this cycle;
  • Steps S831 to S836 were repeated to measure the electricity discharged in each charging cycle of Comparative Example 3, and calculate the capacity retention rate of each cycle.
  • Step S841 charging the battery 121 with constant power to 70% SOC with power 2P;
  • Step S842 pulse discharge the battery 121 with a power of 1P, and the discharge time is 10 seconds;
  • Step S843 charging the battery 121 with a constant power at a power of 2P to increase the power of 5% of the SOC;
  • Step S844 repeating steps S842 and S843 until the battery 121 is fully charged, that is, reaching 100% SOC;
  • Step S845 leaving the battery 121 for 3 minutes;
  • Step S846 discharge the battery 121 to the lower limit of the working voltage, complete a constant power charging cycle, and measure the power discharged by the battery 121 in this cycle;
  • Steps S841 to S846 were repeated to measure the electricity discharged in each charging cycle of Comparative Example 4, and calculate the capacity retention rate of each cycle.
  • Step S851 charging the battery 121 with constant power to 90% SOC with power 2P;
  • Step S852 performing pulse discharge on the battery 121 with a power of 1P, and the discharge time is 10 seconds;
  • Step S853 charging the battery 121 with a constant power at a power of 2P to increase the power of 5% of the SOC;
  • Step S854 repeating steps S852 and S853 until the battery 121 is fully charged, that is, reaching 100% SOC;
  • Step S855 leaving the battery 121 for 3 minutes;
  • Step S856 discharge the battery 121 to the lower limit of the working voltage, complete a constant power charging cycle, and measure the power discharged by the battery 121 in this cycle;
  • Steps S851 to S856 were repeated to measure the electricity discharged in each charging cycle of Comparative Example 5, and calculate the capacity retention rate of each cycle.
  • Step S861 charging the battery 121 with constant power to 5% SOC with power 2P;
  • Step S862 pulse discharge the battery 121 with a power of 2P, and the discharge time is 10 seconds;
  • Step S863 charging the battery 121 with a constant power at a power of 2P to increase the power of 5% of the SOC;
  • Step S864 repeating steps S862 and S863 until the battery 121 is fully charged, that is, reaching 100% SOC;
  • Step S865 leaving the battery 121 for 3 minutes;
  • Step S866 discharge the battery 121 to the lower limit of the working voltage, complete a constant power charging cycle, and measure the power discharged by the battery 121 in this cycle;
  • Steps S861 to S866 were repeated to measure the electricity discharged in each charging cycle of Comparative Example 6, and calculate the capacity retention rate of each cycle.
  • Embodiments 1, 2, and 3 are the charging methods of the present application shown in Figure 7, that is, after constant power charging to 50% SOC, a high-power pulse discharge and a low-power pulse discharge are performed, and the discharge time is 1 to 20 seconds within range.
  • Comparative examples 1 to 6 are examples of constant power charging, but they do not meet the requirements of the charging method of the present application, there is no or only one-step pulse discharge process, or no pulse discharge starts from 50% SOC.
  • the capacity retention rates of Examples 1, 2, and 3 are significantly higher than those of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 6, and the cycle performance is greatly improved.
  • the pulse discharge time of Example 3 is 10 seconds, which is longer than that of Example 1 (5 seconds), and the capacity retention rate of Example 3 is higher than that of Example 1.
  • the discharge time of the high-power pulse discharge step of embodiment 2 is 5 seconds, the same as the high-power pulse discharge step of embodiment 1, but the discharge time of the low-power pulse discharge step of embodiment 2 is 10 seconds, smaller than that of embodiment 1
  • the discharge time (5 seconds) of the power pulse step is long, and the capacity retention rate of Example 2 is also higher than that of Example 1.
  • the cycle performance can be further improved by properly prolonging the discharge time.
  • the polarization generated during the constant power charging process causes a large loss of battery capacity.
  • the high-power pulse discharge in the first step can instantly and quickly counteract the polarization, and the second low-power pulse discharge can improve the anode potential after standing, thereby Significant improvement in cycle life is achieved.
  • Comparative Example 1 only has a constant power charging step and no pulse discharging step, and the capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 1 is the lowest.
  • Comparative Examples 2 to 6 added a step of pulse discharge, so the capacity retention ratios of Comparative Examples 2 to 6 were somewhat improved compared with Comparative Example 1.
  • the pulse discharge step in Comparative Example 6 is a high-power pulse discharge step
  • the pulse discharge step in Comparative Examples 2 to 5 is a low-power pulse discharge step
  • the capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 6 is slightly improved compared with Comparative Examples 2 to 5 .
  • the starting point of the pulse discharge of Comparative Examples 2 and 6 was 5% SOC.
  • the initial point of pulse discharge in Comparative Examples 3 to 5 is above 50% SOC, but Comparative Examples 3 and 5 only have one low-power pulse discharge step, and the capacity retention rates of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 are almost the same.
  • Comparative Examples 2 to 5 due to the setting of more than two pulse discharge steps, no matter whether the pulse discharge is started from 50% SOC or from 5% SOC, compared with Comparative Example 1, the cycle The improvement in longevity is about the same.
  • Comparative Example 4 the pulse discharge was started from 70%, and in Comparative Example 5, the pulse discharge was started from 90%, but the cycle life was lower than that of Comparative Examples 2, 3, and 6.
  • FIG. 14 is a structural diagram of a charging device for a secondary battery of the present application.
  • the charging device 20 includes a charging unit 2010 and a pulse discharging unit 2020.
  • the charging unit 2010 charges the battery 121 with a charging power mP at a constant power according to the charging information sent by the battery management unit BMS122.
  • the pulse discharge information sent by the management unit BMS122 performs constant power pulse discharge on the battery 121 .
  • the pulse discharge unit 2020 performs multiple discharges on the battery 121 according to the pulse discharge information sent by the BMS 122. Subconstant power pulse discharge.
  • the charging unit 2010 charges the battery 121 again with a constant power at the charging power mP.
  • the battery state parameter of the battery 121 reaches a second predetermined value, for example, The state of charge is increased by 5% SOC, and the pulse discharge unit 2020 performs multiple constant power pulse discharges again.
  • the pulse discharging unit 2020 and the charging unit 2010 alternately perform multiple pulse discharging and constant power charging until the battery 121 is fully charged or reaches a certain state of charge.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the secondary battery charging method of the present application is executed.
  • the present application also provides electronic equipment for performing the charging method of the secondary battery of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a structural diagram of the electronic device of the present application.
  • the electronic device 3000 includes a memory 3010 and a processor 3020 , the memory 3010 stores computer instructions, and the processor 3020 executes the computer instructions to implement the charging method for a secondary battery of the present application.

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Abstract

本申请公开了二次电池充电方法和装置、计算机存储介质和电子设备,所述充电方法包括步骤:电池管理单元向充电源发送第一充电信息,第一充电信息包括第一充电功率,充电源以第一充电功率对二次电池进行恒功率充电,当电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,电池管理单元向充电源发送多个脉冲放电信息,每个脉冲放电信息包括放电功率和放电时间,充电源根据多个脉冲放电信息中的放电功率和放电时间,对二次电池进行多次恒功率脉冲放电;能够改善二次电池极化,提高二次电池循环使用寿命,同时保证快速充电的时间需要。

Description

二次电池充电方法和装置、计算机存储介质和电子设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域,具体涉及二次电池充电方法和装置、计算机存储介质和电子设备。
背景技术
电动汽车由于其高环保性、低噪音、使用成本低等优点,具有巨大的市场前景且能够有效促进节能减排,有利于社会的发展和进步,而电池技术是电动汽车的核心技术。
锂离子电池在充电过程中会产生极化,而极化的累积会缩短锂离子电池的使用寿命。特别是被广泛使用的快充技术在极大缩短充电时间的同时,增加了锂离子电池的极化,加快锂离子电池寿命衰减。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供一种二次电池充电方法和装置、计算机存储介质和电子设备,其能够减小二次电池的极化,提高二次电池的使用寿命。
第一方面,本申请提供一种二次电池的充电方法,包括以下步骤:
电池管理单元(Battery Management System,BMS)向充电源发送第一充电信息,所述第一充电信息包括第一充电功率;
所述充电源用于根据所述第一充电功率,对所述二次电池进行恒功率充电;
当电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,所述BMS向所述充电源发送多个脉冲放电信息,每个所述脉冲放电信息包括放电功率和放电时间;
所述充电源根据所述多个脉冲放电信息中的所述放电功率和放电时间,对所述二次电池进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
本申请实施例的技术方案中,充电源对二次电池进行恒功率充电,当二次电池的电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,充电源对二次电池进行 多次恒功率脉冲放电。
通过进行恒功率充电能够使充电源的输出功率达到额定功率,提高充电效率,避免容量浪费、实现快速充电。并且,在电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,进行多次脉冲放电。由于在恒功率充电过程中加入多次脉冲恒功率放电步骤,能够减小二次电池的极化,改善二次电池的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中,所述电池状态参数包括所述二次电池的荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)。
在以上实施例中,根据SOC的值,确定是否开始对二次电池进行恒功率脉冲放电,即,当SOC达到第一预定值时,充电源对二次电池进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
在一些实施例中,所述第一预定值为50%SOC以上。
在荷电状态SOC达到50%以上的条件下对二次电池进行多次恒功率脉冲放电,即能有效减小二次电池的极化,也能缩短充电时间,实现快速充电。
在一些实施例中,当所述电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,所述BMS向所述充电源发送第一脉冲放电信息,所述第一脉冲放电信息包括第一放电功率和第一放电时间;所述充电源根据所述第一脉冲放电信息对所述二次电池进行第一恒功率脉冲放电;当经过所述第一放电时间后,所述BMS向所述充电源发送第二脉冲放电信息,所述第二脉冲放电信息包括第二放电功率和第二放电时间;所述充电源根据所述第二脉冲放电信息对所述二次电池进行第二恒功率脉冲放电。
在以上实施例中,充电源对二次电池进行两次脉冲放电,这既能够改善电池极化,又能够满足快速充电的需要。
在一些实施例中,所述第一放电功率大于所述第一充电功率,所述第二放电功率小于所述第一充电功率。
第一放电功率大于第一充电功率,即,第一恒功率脉冲放电为大功率放电。恒功率充电后进行大功率放电可以快速减小极化。第二放电功率小于第一充电功率,即,第二恒功率脉冲放电为小功率放电。恒功率充电后进行小功率放电可以改善静置后阳极电位,从而改善极化。
在一些实施例中,所述第一放电时间为1至20秒,所述第二放电时间为1至20秒。
脉冲放电时间优选为1至20秒,既能够改善电池极化,又能够满足快速充电的需要。
在一些实施例中,在所述多次脉冲恒功率放电之后,所述充电源根据所述BMS发送的第二充电信息,以所述第一充电功率再次对所述二次电池进行恒功率充电;当所述二次电池的电池状态参数达到第二预定值时,所述充电源根据所述BMS发送的所述多个脉冲放电信息,对所述二次电池再次进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
在充电源对二次电池进行恒功率充电和多次脉冲恒功率放电之后,充电源对二次电池再次进行恒功率充电(第二次恒功率充电),在电池状态参数达到第二预定值后,充电源对所述二次电池再次进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。在对二次电池进行恒功率充电和多次恒功率脉冲放电后,再次进行第二次恒功率充电,以及恒功率脉冲放电,能够使二次电池在继续充电的过程中,通过脉冲放电减小极化,改善二次电池的循环寿命。
在一些实施例中,所述第二预定值为SOC增加5%。
充电源对二次电池再次进行恒功率充电,每当SOC增加5%,就再次执行多次脉冲放电,从而在继续充电的过程中,通过脉冲放电改善极化。
在一些实施例中,所述充电源根据所述BMS多次发送的所述第二充电信息和所述多个脉冲放电信息,重复进行所述恒功率充电和所述多次脉冲恒功率放电,直到所述二次电池的电压达到预定值。
通过重复进行恒功率充电,使SOC增加5%,然后执行多次脉冲放电,从而能够在抑制极化的状态下继续恒功率充电过程,改善二次电池的循环寿命。
第二方面,本申请提供一种二次电池的充电装置,包括:充电单元,其根据BMS发送的充电信息,以第一充电功率对所述二次电池进行恒功率充电,和脉冲放电单元,其根据BMS发送的脉冲放电信息,对所述二次电池进行恒功率脉冲放电,其中,当电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,所述脉冲放电单元根据BMS发送的多个脉冲放电信息对所述二 次电池进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
在一些实施例中,在所述脉冲放电单元进行所述多次脉冲放电后,所述充电单元以所述第一充电功率再次对所述二次电池进行恒功率充电;当所述二次电池的电池状态参数达到第二预定值时,所述脉冲放电单元再次进行所述多次恒功率脉冲放电。
在一些实施例中,所述脉冲放电单元与所述充电单元交替进行所述多次脉冲放电和所述恒功率充电,直到所述二次电池的电压达到预定值。
第三方面,本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令在由处理器执行时,执行上述实施例中的二次电池的充电方法。
第四方面,本申请提供一种电子设备,包括:存储器,其存储计算机指令,以及处理器,其运行所述计算机指令,执行上述实施例中的二次电池的充电方法。
附图说明
以下结合附图说明本申请实施例的技术方案。以下附图仅用于示出优选实施方式,而不是对本申请的限制。另外,在全部附图中,用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。
图1是本申请一些实施例的用电装置及充电装置的示意图;
图2是本申请一些实施例的充电系统的示意图;
图3是本申请一些实施例的二次电池充电方法的流程图;
图4是本申请一些实施例的电池充电方法的充电功率的波形图;
图5是本申请的二次电池充电方法的一个实施例的流程图;
图6是本申请另一些实施例的电池充电方法的充电功率的波形图;
图7为本申请的二次电池充电方法的另一个实施例的流程图;
图8行恒功率充电后以不同放电功率进行脉冲放电时,阳极瞬时电位改善的实验结果;
图9为恒功率充电后以不同放电时间进行脉冲放电时,阳极瞬时电位改善的实验结果;
图10为恒功率充电后、以不同放电功率进行脉冲放电,再将电池 121静置后阳极电位改善的实验结果;
图11为恒功率充电后、以其他不同放电功率进行脉冲放电,再将电池121静置后阳极电位改善的实验结果;
图12为本申请的实施例和部分比较例的恒功率循环曲线的实验结果;
图13为本申请的部分比较例的恒功率循环曲线的实验结果;
图14为本申请的充电装置20的结构图;
图15为本申请的电子设备的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于清楚地说明本申请的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与本技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同;本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,而不是限制本申请;本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中,技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。
在说明书中描述的各个实施例相互之间并不排斥,本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术思想以及技术常识,可以将各个实施例进行结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中,术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,本文中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中,术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个),“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组),“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;也可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
动力电池是给用电装置提供动力来源的电池,动力电池可以为各类二次电池。二次电池又称为充电电池或蓄电池,是指在电池放电后可通过充电的方式使活性物质激活而继续使用的电池。比如,动力电池可以是锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池等二次电池,在本申请实施例中不做具体限定。从电池规模而言,本申请实施例中的动力电池可以是电芯/电池单体,也可以是电池模组或电池包,在本申请实施例中不做具体限定。用电装置可以为车辆、船舶、航天器等,本申请实施例对此并不限定。动力电池的电池管理系统(Battery Management System,BMS)是保护动力电池使用安全的控制系统,实施充放电管理、高压控制、保护电池、采集电池数据、评估电池状态等功能。充电桩,也称为充电机,或充电源,为给动力电池充电的装置。充电桩可以按照BMS的充电需求输出充电功率,以给动力电池充电。例如,充电桩可以按照BMS发送的充电电压、充电电流、充电时间输出电压和电流,进行充电。
在充电过程中,一般采用充电桩持续充电的方式对电池进行充电。在对电池进行持续充电时,充电电流流过电池,使得电池电极的电位偏离平衡电极电位,即,发生电极极化。电极极化会使电池性能下降,循环寿命大幅缩短,电池的充电容量下降。
现有技术中,一种普遍使用的减少极化的充电方法是恒流恒压的充电方式,即在恒流充电后,增加恒压充电过程,以较小的电流进行充电,来减小极化。该方法被广泛应用在锂离子电池的充电过程。
例如,在恒流恒压充电中,在恒流充电后,到接近终止电压时改为小电流的恒压充电。具体例如,一种800mA.h容量的电池,其终止充电电压为4.2V。该电池以800mA(充电率为1C)恒流充电,开始时电 池电压以较大的斜率上升。当电池电压接近4.2V时,改成4.2V恒压充电,锂电池电流渐降,电压变化不大。至充电电流降为1/10C(约80mA)时,认为接近充满,可以终止充电。
另一种减少极化的充电方法是在恒流充电过程中增加负脉冲电流。比如,以恒定的充电电流对电池进行较长时间的充电,经过静置,再以恒定的放电电流对电池进行短时间放电,之后重复恒流充电和恒流放电,直到电池电压达到充电截止电压。该方式能够有效减少电池极化的积累,降低电池的产热,提高充电速度。
恒流恒压充电或者恒流过程中增加负脉冲电流的充电方法虽然对减小极化有效,但是会造成充电机的输出功率达不到额定功率,造成容量的浪费,不利于充电桩充电效率的提高。并且,很多情况下无法使用恒流恒压的充电方法,例如,电网的调频调峰等。
恒功率充电,即,充电桩维持一定的恒定输出功率给电池充电,能够保证较高的充电效率,有利于快速充电,但是,恒功率充电会产生较大的电极极化,而且无法通过增加恒压充电或恒流脉冲放电来减小极化。
另一方面,随着电动汽车等用电装置逐步走入日常生活,缩短充电时间的需求越来越高,快速充电成为影响电动汽车产业推广发展的一个关键因素,目前,快速充电已被广泛应用于动力电池的充电。快速充电技术使用大功率,大电流,能够极大缩短充电时间,但是会产生较大的极化,因此快速充电会降低电池的性能,缩短电池使用寿命。比如,对于电压平台和能量密度更高的三元材料体系,由于使用过程电压跨度范围广,电池极化更大,快速充电时将会极大影响电池的使用寿命。
本申请的实施例提供一种恒功率充电下能够有效减小极化、实现快速充电的同时,提高二次电池使用寿命的充电方法。
图1是本申请一些实施例的用电装置及充电装置的示意图。
如图1所示,用电装置10为电动汽车,其可以是纯电动汽车,也可以是可插电的混合动力电动汽车。电动汽车10内部设置有电池121(参见图2),给电动汽车10供电。
充电装置20是为电池121充电、控制电池121放电的装置。本申请实施例中的充电装置20可以为普通充电桩、超级充电桩、支持汽车对 电网(vehicle to grid,V2G)模式的充电桩,或者可以对电池进行充放电的充放电装置/设备等,本申请实施例对充电装置100的具体类型和具体应用场景不做限定。
图2是本申请一些实施例的充电系统的示意图。
如图2所示,充电系统100包括充电装置20和电池系统120,比如,电池系统120安装在电动汽车10上。
比如,电池系统120中至少有一个电池包(battery pack),该电池包可统称为电池121。如上所述,在本实施例中,电池121的具体类型和规模均不做具体限定。
为了管理及维护该电池121,防止电池出现过充电和过放电,延长电池的使用寿命,电池系统120中还设有电池管理系统(battery management system,BMS)122,用于监控电池121的状态。BMS 122可以与电池121集成设置于同一装置中,也可作为独立的装置设置于电池121之外。
如图2所示,充电装置20可通过电线130与电池121连接,通过通信线140与BMS 122连接,通信线140用来进行充电装置20和BMS122之间的信息交互。比如,通信线140可以为控制器局域网(control area network,CAN)通信总线,或者菊花链(daisy chain)通信总线。
充电装置20除了可通过通信线140与BMS 122进行通信以外,还可以通过无线网络与BMS 122进行通信。本申请实施例对充电装置20与BMS 122的通信类型不做具体限定。
图3是本申请一些实施例的二次电池充电方法的流程图。
图3示出的充电方法300可适用于图1、图2所示的充电装置20和电池系统120。
如图3所示,本实施例的二次电池充电方法300包括以下步骤:
步骤S301,BMS122通过通信线140向充电装置20发送第一充电信息。第一充电信息包括但不限于第一充电功率,可以作为BMS122向充电装置20发出的充电请求,即,BMS122请求充电装置20以第一充电功率的恒定功率对电池121进行充电。
步骤S302,充电装置20根据收到的第一充电信息,以第一充电功 率对电池121进行恒功率充电。
步骤S303,BMS122测算电池121的状态参数。
本实施例中,电池121的状态参数可以是电池温度、电池电压、电池容量、电池121的荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)等等,该电池状态参数由BMS122测算获得。
步骤S304,当该状态参数达到第一预定值时,BMS122向充电装置20依次发送多个脉冲放电信息,作为BMS122向充电装置20发出的充电请求。比如,每个脉冲放电信息包括但不限于放电功率和放电时间。
步骤S305,充电装置20根据收到的脉冲放电信息中的放电功率和放电时间,依次对电池121进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
如上所述,本实施例中,充电装置20对电池121进行恒功率充电,当电池121的电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,充电装置20对电池121进行多次恒功率脉冲放电,从而能够改善电池极化,并能保证快速充电。以下具体说明本实施例的电池充电方法。
图4是本申请一些实施例的电池充电方法的充电功率的波形图。
图4中,横轴为时间,纵轴为充电功率,即,充电装置20对电池121充电的功率,正的充电功率表示充电,负的充电功率表示放电。其中的功率值mP、xP、yP等,将结合图5详细说明。
如图4所示,从0时间至时间T1,充电装置20以恒定的功率mP对电池121进行充电,从T1至T2,充电装置20以不同的功率xP、yP、…、不同的放电时间,对电池121进行多次脉冲放电。从T2至T3,充电装置20再次以功率mP对电池121进行充电,从T3至T4,充电装置20再次以不同的功率、不同的放电时间,对电池121进行多次脉冲放电,从T4至T5,重复以上步骤,直到电池121被充满或被充电至某一荷电状态。
即,本实施例的电池充电方法包含恒功率充电、以及多阶梯恒功率脉冲放电步骤。
以下,结合图5对图4中示出的恒功率充电及多阶梯恒功率脉冲放电进行详细说明。
图5是本申请的二次电池充电方法的一个实施例的流程图。
以下,用P表示充电装置20的1小时额定充电功率,即,1小时内将电池充满所需的充电功率,P为单体电池放电电压平台与电池容量之积。
如图5所示,本实施例的二次电池充电方法500包含以下步骤。
步骤S501,BMS122向充电装置20发送第一充电信息,作为BMS122向充电装置20发出的充电请求。比如,第一充电信息包括恒功率充电功率。
以下,将第一充电信息中包含的充电功率(第一充电功率)设为mP,其中的系数m的值可根据电池121的电芯的实际充电能力确定,比如,mP可以为电池不发生析锂的最大充电功率。作为一个实施例,比如,可以设定m=2。
步骤S502,充电装置20以第一充电功率mP对电池121进行恒功率充电。
步骤S503,BMS122测算电池121的电池状态参数,判断电池状态参数是否达到预定值。
本实施例中,电池状态参数优选为荷电状态SOC。荷电状态SOC是电池121当前具有的电量与其完全充电状态的电量的比值,常用百分数表示,取值范围0~100%,0%SOC表示电池121放电达到电压下限,100%SOC表示电池121充满。
即,在本步骤中,BMS122测算电池121的荷电状态SOC,判断荷电状态SOC是否达到预定值k。
步骤S504,当荷电状态SOC达到预定值k时,BMS122向充电装置20发送脉冲放电信息,该脉冲放电信息包括放电功率xP和放电时间tx。系数x的数值以及放电时间tx可根据消除极化的需求来确定。本实施例中,优选放电时间tx为1至30秒。
在图5所示的充电过程中,随着充电过程的进行,荷电状态SOC增大。发明人发现,经过恒功率充电,荷电状态SOC达到一定值后开始阶梯脉冲放电,可以有效地减小电池121的极化。
步骤S505,充电装置20根据收到的放电功率xP和放电时间tx,对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,放电时间为tx。参照图4中从T1至t1 的脉冲放电功率波形。
步骤S506,BMS122向充电装置20发送脉冲放电信息,该脉冲放电信息包括放电功率yP和放电时间ty。系数y的数值以及放电时间ty可根据消除极化的需求来确定。本实施例中,优选放电时间ty为1至30秒。
步骤S507,充电装置20根据收到的放电功率yP和放电时间ty,对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,放电时间为ty。参照图4中从时刻t1至t2的脉冲放电功率波形。
步骤S508,以不同的放电功率、放电时间重复步骤S506、S507,进行多次不同功率、不同放电时间的脉冲放电。参照图4中从时刻t2至T2的脉冲放电功率波形。
步骤S509,当充电装置20按照预先制定的充电方案完成预定的脉冲放电后,BMS122向充电装置20再次发送恒功率充电信息,其中包括第一充电功率mP。
步骤S510,充电装置20以充电功率mP再次对电池121进行恒功率充电,继续充电过程。参照图4中从时刻T2至T3的恒功率充电功率波形。
步骤S511,BMS122测算电池121的荷电状态SOC,判断荷电状态SOC是否达到预定值k2。
步骤S512,当荷电状态SOC达到预定值k2时,BMS122向充电装置20发送脉冲放电信息,该脉冲放电信息包括放电功率和放电时间。
步骤S513,充电装置20根据收到的脉冲放电信息,即放电功率和放电时间,对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,当经过预设的放电时间后,BMS122向充电装置20发送另一脉冲放电信息,充电装置20以不同的放电功率对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,直到完成预定的脉冲放电步骤。参照图4中时刻T3至T4的脉冲放电波形。
步骤S514,如此重复步骤S509至步骤S513,持续对电池121进行恒功率充电和多阶梯恒功率脉冲放电,直到电池121充满或达到一定的荷电状态。参照图4中从T4至T5的波形。
如上所述,经过恒功率充电,荷电状态SOC的值达到一定的值k后 开始阶梯脉冲放电,可以有效地减小电池121的极化。根据图8至图11的实验结果,当k≥40%SOC时就可以明显改善极化。考虑到快充的需求,需要缩短后续的脉冲放电的次数,所以本实施例中优选k≥50%。
步骤S511、S512中,优选k2的值为电池121的荷电状态SOC增加5%。即,每充电5%的电量,BMS122向充电装置20发送脉冲放电信息。
如上所述,本实施例中,通过在恒功率充电过程中增加多阶梯恒功率脉冲放电步骤,能够减小电池121的极化,改善电池121的循环寿命,并能保证快速充电。
以上实施例中没有限定脉冲放电的次数。
为了实现快速充电,脉冲放电的次数越少,脉冲放电的时间越短,可减小设置脉冲放电步骤对于充电时间的影响。因此,本申请的一些实施例中,将恒功率脉冲放电的次数限定为两次。以下进行详细说明。
图6是本申请另一些实施例的电池充电方法的充电功率的波形图。
图6中,横轴为时间,纵轴为充电功率,即,充电装置20对电池121充电的功率,正的充电功率表示充电,负的充电功率表示放电。
如图6所示,从0至T1的区间,充电装置20以恒定的功率mP对电池121进行充电,从T1至T2,充电装置20以功率xP、yP对电池121进行两次脉冲放电。从T2至T3,充电装置20再次以功率mP对电池121进行充电,从T3至T4,充电装置20再次对电池121进行两次脉冲放电,从T4至T5,重复以上步骤,直到电池121被充满或达到一定的荷电状态。
即,本实施例的电池充电方法包含恒功率充电步骤、以及两次恒功率脉冲放电步骤。
以下,结合图7对图6中示出的恒功率充电及两次恒功率脉冲放电进行详细说明。
图7是本申请的二次电池充电方法700的一个实施例的流程图。
如图7所示,本实施例的二次电池充电方法700包含以下步骤。
步骤S701,BMS122向充电装置20发送第一充电功率mP。比如,设定m=2。
步骤S702,充电装置20以第一充电功率mP对电池121进行恒功率充电。参照图6中0到T1的恒功率充电功率波形。
步骤S703,BMS122测算电池121的荷电状态SOC,判断荷电状态SOC是否达到,比如,50%SOC。
步骤S704,当荷电状态SOC达到50%时,BMS122向充电装置20发送脉冲放电信息,该脉冲放电信息包括放电功率xP和放电时间tx。
在图7中的充电过程中,随着充电过程的进行,荷电状态SOC增大。如上所述,经过恒功率充电,荷电状态SOC达到一定值后开始阶梯脉冲放电,可以有效减小电池121的极化。根据实验结果,并考虑到快充的要求,尽可能缩短后续的脉冲放电的次数,本实施例中优选k≥50%。
放电功率xP和放电时间tx可根据消除极化的需求来确定。本实施例中,优选放电功率xP大于第一充电功率mP。实验表明,在以充电功率mP对电池121进行恒功率充电达到50%SOC以后,再以大放电功率xP对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,可以快速消除极化。另外,实验表明,放电时间tx设在1至30秒的范围内就可以改善极化,考虑到快充的需求,优选放电时间tx为1至20秒。
步骤S705,充电装置20根据收到的放电功率xP和放电时间tx,对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,放电时间为tx。参照图6中从T1至t1的脉冲放电功率波形。
步骤S706,BMS122向充电装置20发送脉冲放电信息,该信息包括放电功率yP和放电时间ty。系数y的数值以及放电时间ty可根据消除极化的需求来确定。本实施例中,优选放电功率yP小于第一充电功率mP。实验表明,在以充电功率mP对电池121进行恒功率充电达到50%SOC以后,用小放电功率yP对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,可以有效改善电池121静置之后的极化。
另外,实验表明,放电时间ty设在1至30秒的范围内就可以改善极化,考虑到快充的需求,优选放电时间ty为1至20秒。
步骤S707,充电装置20源根据收到的放电功率yP和放电时间ty,对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,放电时间为ty。参照图6中从时刻t1至T2的脉冲放电功率波形。
步骤S708,当充电装置20以放电功率yP对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电的放电时间达到ty后,BMS122向充电装置20再次发送恒功率充电信息,其中包括第一充电功率mP。
步骤S709,充电装置20以充电功率mP再次对电池121进行恒功率充电,继续电池121的充电过程。参照图6中从时刻T2至T3的恒功率充电功率波形。
步骤S710,BMS122测算电池121的荷电状态SOC,判断荷电状态SOC是否达到预定值k2。
步骤S711,当荷电状态SOC达到预定值k2时,BMS122向充电装置20发送脉冲放电信息,该脉冲放电信息包括放电功率xP和放电时间tx。
本实施例中,优选k2的值为电池121的荷电状态SOC增加5%。即,每充电5%的电量,BMS122向充电装置20发送放电功率xP和放电时间tx等脉冲放电信息。
步骤S712,重复步骤S705至步骤S711,持续对电池121进行两次恒功率脉冲放电和恒功率充电,直到电池121被充满或被充电至某一荷电状态。参照图6中从时刻T4至T5的波形。
如上所述,本实施例中,在恒功率充电过程中加入2级阶梯恒功率脉冲放电步骤,能够减小电池121的极化,改善电池121的循环寿命,并能保证快速充电。
以下说明本申请的充电方法改善电池121的极化状况的实验结果、实施例和比较例。
以下实验结果、实施例与比较例中采用的电池体系是三元锂电池,使用三元材料镍钴锰酸锂(Li(NiCoMn)O2)作为主要阴极材料,以石墨作为主要阳极材料,再加上隔膜、商用电解液及外壳装配成叠片电池,其中隔膜为聚乙烯材料,电解液由碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)按1:1:1的体积比配成溶液,将LiPF6均匀溶解在上述溶液中,得到电解液,LiPF6的浓度为1.2mol/L。温度为25℃时,该三元锂电池的满充充电容量为130mAh,充电截止电压为4.25V,电压下限为2.8V。
图8为适用本申请的充电方法进行恒功率充电后以不同放电功率进行脉冲放电时,阳极瞬时电位改善的实验结果。
在图8所示的实验中,充电装置20以充电功率2P(即,m=2)对电池121进行恒功率充电,每充电5%的电量,即每当电池121的SOC增加5%,暂停充电,静置10~30分钟后,测量阳极的电位V1(以下称为“基准电位”),然后充电装置20以放电功率Pz和放电时间tz对电池121进行脉冲放电,经过放电时间tz后,测量此刻阳极的电位V2,再静置10~30分钟后,测量静置后的阳极电位V3。之后充电装置20继续以充电功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,至SOC增加5%,静置10~30分钟后,测量基准电位V1,然后充电装置20以放电功率Pz和放电时间tz再对电池121进行脉冲放电,经过放电时间tz后测量此刻阳极的电位V2,再静置10~30分钟后,测量静置后电位V3。如此循环反复直到电池121被充满,由此得到5%SOC至100%SOC的各个SOC值对应的阳极电位V1、V2、V3。
恒功充电后以及脉冲放电后设置静置步骤,能够保证彻底消除极化的影响后再进行后续实验,所以每一次充放电实验都是在消除极化后独立进行的,不相互影响。
这样测得的V1为恒功率充电且静置后的阳极电位,V2为脉冲放电结束时的阳极电位,称之为“阳极瞬时电位”。V3为脉冲放电结束且静置后的阳极电位,所以称之为“静置后阳极电位”。关于V3,将结合图10、图11进行说明。
如下定义阳极瞬时电位改善百分比R:
R=(V2-V1)/V1×100%          (1)
R表示脉冲放电对消除阳极的瞬时极化的效果,可以反映紧随恒功率充电之后的脉冲放电步骤(即,第一放电步骤)对极化的影响。
放电功率Pz分别取值1P、2P、4P,放电时间tz均为5秒,得到不同放电功率下阳极瞬时电位改善的实验曲线。
为对比不同放电功率下的实验结果,不同放电功率下电池121的初始状态应保持相同,因此,在开始对电池121充电前,电池121均放电到满放状态,即,0%SOC的状态,以此保持相同的初始状态。
图8中,横轴为电池121的荷电状态SOC,纵轴为阳极瞬时电位改善百分比R,曲线S001、S002、S003分别对应于放电功率Pz为1P、2P、4P。
如图8所示,充电装置20对电池121进行恒功率充电,荷电状态SOC持续增加,当荷电状态SOC达到一定值时,开始对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电。作为脉冲放电起始值的荷电状态SOC,对消除阳极的瞬时极化有很大影响。如曲线S001、S002、S003所示,不同的放电功率下,当荷电状态≥40%SOC时,阳极电位改善幅度已有明显增加,即,当荷电状态≥40%SOC时开始对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电,可以明显改善极化。这与阳极材料石墨的嵌锂平台相对应。恒功率充电过程会形成较大极化,通过恒功率充电之后的脉冲放电可改善极化。
考虑到快速充电的需求,需要尽量减少脉冲次数,因此本申请中优选荷电状态达到50%SOC之后开始脉冲放电,即,k≥50%,这样即能够保证电池的快速充电,同时能够改善电池的极化。
如图8所示,放电功率Pz为4P时阳极电位改善最大,放电功率Pz为1P时阳极电位改善最小,放电功率Pz为2P时阳极电位改善已很明显。由此可见,在恒功率充电之后,用较大的放电功率进行脉冲放电,有利于改善阳极的瞬时电位,有助于快速消除极化。
本申请中,优选恒功率充电之后进行的第一步脉冲放电的放电功率xP大于第一充电功率mP。作为一个实施例,m=2,此时,进一步优选2≦x≦4。
图9为适用本申请的充电方法进行恒功率充电后以不同放电时间进行脉冲放电时,阳极瞬时电位改善的实验结果。
图9的实验方法以及实验数据的获取方法与图8相同,即,充电装置20以充电功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,每充电5%的电量,即每当电池121的荷电状态SOC增加5%,暂停充电,静置10~30分钟后,测量阳极的电位V1(即,基准电位),然后充电装置20以放电功率2P和放电时间tz对电池121进行脉冲放电,经过放电时间tz后,测量此刻阳极的电位V2,再静置10~30分钟后,测量静置后阳极电位V3。之后充电装置20继续以充电功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电至荷电 状态SOC增加5%,静置10~30分钟后,测量基准电位V1,然后充电装置20以放电功率2P和放电时间tz再对电池121进行脉冲放电,经过放电时间tz后测量此刻阳极的电位V2,再静置10~30分钟,测量静置后电位V3。如此循环反复直到充满电池121,得到5%SOC至100%SOC的各个SOC值对应的阳极瞬时电位V1、V2、V3。
放电时间tz分别取值5秒、10秒、20秒、30秒,得到不同放电时间下阳极瞬时电位改善的实验曲线。
同样,为对比不同放电时间下的实验结果,电池121的初始状态应保持相同,因此,在开始对电池121充电前,电池121均放电到满放状态,即,0%SOC的状态,以此保持相同的初始状态。
图9中,横轴为电池121的荷电状态SOC,纵轴为上述式(1)定义的阳极瞬时电位改善百分比R,曲线S1、S2、S3、S4分别对应于放电时间tz为5秒、10秒、20秒、30秒。
如图9中曲线S1、S2、S3、S4所示,在相同的放电功率、不同的放电时间下,当荷电状态≥40%SOC时,特别是当荷电状态≥50%SOC时,阳极电位改善幅度开始有明显增加。
如图9所示,放电时间为30秒时阳极电位改善最大,放电时间为5秒时阳极电位改善最小,放电时间为10秒,20秒时阳极电位改善已很明显。由此可见,在恒功率充电之后,用较长的放电时间进行脉冲放电,有利于改善阳极的瞬时电位,有助于消除极化。因此,本申请中,优选放电时间为1至30秒。
另外,对比图8和图9可知,脉冲时间从5s增加至30秒所引起的瞬时阳极电位的改善幅度小于增加脉冲功率对瞬时阳极电位的改善幅度。因此,增加脉冲放电的功率,可以得到更好的极化改善效果。考虑到快充的需求,要缩短充电时间,所以进一步优选放电时间为1至20秒。
图8、图9是恒功率充电后进行脉冲放电对阳极瞬时电位改善的实验结果,表明大功率脉冲放电能快速且大幅改善脉冲放电结束时刻阳极的瞬时电位V2。
实验发现,恒功率充电后进行脉冲放电之,再将电池121静置一定 时间后,阳极电位会发生变化,阳极电位的改善状况与图8、图9的实验结果有很大不同。
图10是恒功率充电后、以不同放电功率进行脉冲放电,再将电池121静置后阳极电位改善的实验结果。
图10的实验方法以及实验数据的获取方法与图8相同,即,充电装置20以充电功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,每充电5%的电量,即每当电池121的荷电状态SOC增加5%,暂停充电,静置10~30分钟后,测量阳极的电位V1(即,基准电位),然后充电装置20以放电功率Pz和放电时间tz对电池121进行脉冲放电,经过放电时间tz后,测量此刻阳极的电位V2,再静置10~30分钟,测量静置后阳极电位V3。之后充电装置20再以充电功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电至荷电状态SOC增加5%,静置10~30分钟后,测量基准电位V1,然后充电装置20以放电功率Pz和放电时间tz再对电池121进行脉冲放电,经过放电时间tz后测量此刻阳极的电位V2,再静置10~30分钟,测量静置后电位V3。如此循环反复直到充满电池121,得到5%SOC至100%SOC的各个SOC值对应的阳极电位V1、V2、V3。
如下定义静置后阳极电位改善百分比S:
S=(V3-V1)/V1×100%         (2)
S表示电池121静置以后脉冲放电对阳极极化的改善状况,反映在实际使用状态下,脉冲放电消除阳极极化的效果。
图10中,放电功率Pz分别采用1P、2P、4P进行脉冲放电,放电时间tz均为10秒,得到不同放电功率下阳极静置后电位改善的实验曲线。
同样,为对比不同放电功率下的实验结果,不同放电功率下电池121的初始状态应保持相同,因此,在开始对电池121充电前,电池121均放电到满放状态,即,0%SOC的状态,以此保持相同的初始状态。
图10中,横轴为电池121的荷电状态SOC,纵轴为静置后阳极电位改善百分比S,曲线S008、S009、S010分别对应于放电功率Pz为1P、2P、4P。
如图10中的曲线S008、S009、S010所示,对于同一放电功率,在 不同的荷电状态下,静置后阳极电位改善状况非常不同,S为正数时表示有改善,S为负数是表示没有改善,曲线S008、S009、S010均有正值区域和负值区域,还有峰值区域,表明在某些荷电状态下,静置后阳极电位有改善,在某些荷电状态下,静置后阳极电位没有改善,在特定的荷电状态下,静置后阳极电位有极大改善。
具体而言,当放电功率Pz为1P时,在荷电状态为50%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善达到峰值,约9%,在荷电状态大于50%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善大幅下降,但依然为正,即,依然有改善,而当荷电状态小于50%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善迅速大幅下降,变为负值,即,没有改善。
当放电功率Pz为2P时,在荷电状态为大约55%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善达到峰值,大约4.5%,在荷电状态大于55%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善大幅下降,但基本为正值,即,依然有改善,而当荷电状态小于55%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善迅速大幅下降,变为负值,即,没有改善。
当放电功率Pz为4P时,在荷电状态为大约65%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善达到峰值,大约4%,在荷电状态大于65%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善大幅下降,但基本为正值,即,依然有改善,而当荷电状态小于65%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善迅速大幅下降,变为负值,即,没有改善。
如图10中的曲线S008、S009、S010所示,对于不同的放电功率,静置后阳极电位改善状况非常不同,放电功率Pz为1P时改善最大,放电功率Pz为4P时改善最小。
可见,恒功率充电、脉冲放电后,将电池121静置一定时间,阳极电位会回落到基准电位V1,因此,与图8、图9的实验结果相比,图10中阳极电位改善幅度大大降低,而且以小功率进行脉冲放电时,静置后的阳极电位改善幅度相对大,以大功率进行脉冲放电时,静置后的阳极电位改善幅度很小。
图11与图10相同,显示以其他不同的放电功率进行脉冲放电时静置后阳极电位改善的实验结果。
图11的实验条件、实验方法、测量方法与图10相同,以下略去重复的说明。
图11中,放电功率Pz分别采用1P、0.8P、0.5P进行脉冲放电,放电时间tz均为10秒,曲线S011、S012、S013分别对应于放电功率1P、0.8P、0.5P。
如图11中的曲线S011、S012、S013所示,对于放电功率Pz为1P、0.8P、0.5P,在荷电状态为50%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善达到峰值,分别为9%,11%,8%,在荷电状态大于50%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善为正值,即,依然有改善,而当荷电状态小于50%SOC时,静置后阳极电位改善迅速下降,变为负值,即,没有改善。即,对于不同的放电功率1P、0.8P、0.5P,,静置后阳极电位改善幅度基本相同。
可见,恒功率充电后加入小功率脉冲放电,静置后阳极电位能得到很大改善,从而改善极化。因此,本申请中,在恒功率充电后加入小功率脉冲放电步骤(即,第二脉冲放电步骤),如图6、图7所示,优选第二步脉冲放电的放电功率yP小于第一充电功率mP。作为一个实施例,m=2,因此进一步优选0.5≤y≤1,且第二放电步骤的脉冲放电时间为1~20秒。
图12为本申请的实施例和部分比较例的恒功率循环曲线的实验结果。
图13为本申请的部分比较例的恒功率循环曲线的实验结果。
电池的循环曲线反映电池的循环使用寿命。本申请的实施例中,在恒功率充电过程中加入多次恒功率脉冲放电过程,能够减小电池极化,提高电池的恒功率循环寿命,同时保证电池的快速充电时间不受影响。以下详细说明实验结果。
在测量循环曲线的实验中,首先按照图7所示的充电方法将电池121充满,之后,进行以下步骤,来测量电池121的循环寿命。
步骤S801,将电池121静置3分钟。
将电池121静置3分钟,能够消除前期的充电过程中产生的过电位对后续的步骤802的放电的影响。
步骤S802,将电池121放电至使用电压下限,即,通过将负载接入 电池121的回路,使电池121放电至电池121的使用电压下限2.8V,至此,完成一个恒功率充电循环。测量该循环中电池121放出的电量。
之后,按照图7所示的充电方法再将电池121充满,再进行步骤S801、S802,完成下一个恒功率充电循环,并测量该循环中电池121放出的电量。
如此重复以上步骤,测量各个恒功率充电循环中放出的电量。
以电池121在第一个循环中放出的电量为100%,第N个循环中放出的电量与第一个循环中放出的电量的比定义为第N个循环的“容量保持率”。
图12中,横轴为恒功率充电循环次数,纵轴为容量保持率。
图12中,曲线S101为实施例1的恒功率循环曲线,曲线S102为实施例2的恒功率循环曲线,曲线S103为实施例3的恒功率循环曲线。实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的充电方法具体如下。
实施例1
1)以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,直到50%SOC状态;
2)以功率2P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为5秒;
3)以功率1P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为5秒;
4)以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC的电量;
5)重复步骤2)~4),直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
6)将电池121静置3分钟;
7)将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
8)重复步骤1)~7),测量实施例1的各个恒功率充电循环中放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
实施例2
1)以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,直到50%SOC状态;
2)以功率2P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为5秒;
3)以功率1P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
4)以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC容量;
5)重复步骤2)~4),直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
6)将电池121静置3分钟;
7)将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
8)重复步骤1)~7),测量实施例1的各个恒功率充电循环中放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
实施例3
1)以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,直到50%SOC状态;
2)以功率2P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
3)以功率1P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
4)以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC容量;
5)重复步骤2)~4),直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
6)将电池121静置3分钟;
7)将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
8)重复步骤1)~7),测量实施例1的各个恒功率充电循环中放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
作为比较,图12还示出比较例1、2、6的充电方法的容量保持率的实验结果,分别对应于图12中的曲线S201、S202、S206。
图13示出比较例1、2、3、4和5的充电方法的容量保持率的实验结果,分别对应于图13中的曲线S201、S202、S203,S204、S205。比较例1至6的充电方法具体如下。
比较例1
步骤811,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,直到充满,即100%SOC状态;
步骤S812,将电池121静置3分钟;
步骤S813,将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
重复步骤S811、S812、S813,测量比较例1的各个充电循环放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
比较例2
步骤S821,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电到5%SOC的状态;
步骤S822,以功率2P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
步骤S823,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC的电量;
步骤S824,重复步骤S822、S823,直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
步骤S825,将电池121静置3分钟;
步骤S826,将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
重复步骤S821至S826,测量比较例2的各个充电循环放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
比较例3
步骤S831,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电到5%SOC;
步骤S832,以功率1P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
步骤S833,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC的电量;
步骤S834,重复步骤S832、S833,直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
步骤S835,将电池121静置3分钟;
步骤S836,将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
重复步骤S831至S836,测量比较例3的各个充电循环放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
比较例4
步骤S841,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电到70%SOC;
步骤S842,以功率1P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
步骤S843,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC的电量;
步骤S844,重复步骤S842、S843,直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
步骤S845,将电池121静置3分钟;
步骤S846,将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
重复步骤S841至S846,测量比较例4的各个充电循环放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
比较例5
步骤S851,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电到90%SOC;
步骤S852,以功率1P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
步骤S853,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC的电量;
步骤S854,重复步骤S852、S853,直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
步骤S855,将电池121静置3分钟;
步骤S856,将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
重复步骤S851至S856,测量比较例5的各个充电循环放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
比较例6
步骤S861,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电到5%SOC;
步骤S862,以功率2P对电池121进行脉冲放电,放电时间为10秒;
步骤S863,以功率2P对电池121进行恒功率充电,增加5%SOC的电量;
步骤S864,重复步骤S862、S863,直到将电池121充满,即,达到100%SOC;
步骤S865,将电池121静置3分钟;
步骤S866,将电池121放电至使用电压下限,完成一个恒功率充电循环,测量此循环中电池121放出的电量;
重复步骤S861至S866,测量比较例6的各个充电循环放出的电量,计算各个循环的容量保持率。
考察图12和图13的实验结果。实施例1、2、3为图7所示的本申 请的充电方法,即,恒功率充电至50%SOC后、进行一次大功率脉冲放电和一次小功率脉冲放电,放电时间在1至20秒范围内。比较例1至6均为恒功率充电的例子,但不满足本申请的充电方法的要件,没有或只有一步脉冲放电过程,或者没有从50%SOC开始脉冲放电。如图12所示,经过大约400次恒功率充电循环,实施例1、2、3的容量保持率明显高于比较例1、2、6,循环性能改善幅度很大。
实施例3的脉冲放电时间为10秒,比实施例1的脉冲放电时间(5秒)长,实施例3的容量保持率高于实施例1。
实施例2的大功率脉冲放电步骤的放电时间为5秒,与实施例1的大功率脉冲放电步骤相同,但是实施例2的小功率脉冲步骤的放电时间为10秒,比实施例1的小功率脉冲步骤的放电时间(5秒)长,实施例2的容量保持率也高于实施例1。
即,适当延长放电时间,循环性能可得到进一步改善。
恒功率充电过程产生的极化造成电池容量损失较大,通过第一步的大功率脉冲放电可瞬时、快速抵消极化,第二部的小功率脉冲放电可以改善静置后的阳极电位,从而实现循环寿命的大幅改善。
比较例1只有恒功率充电步骤,没有脉冲放电步骤,比较例1的容量保持率最低。与比较例1相比,比较例2至6增加了一步脉冲放电步骤,因此比较例2至6的容量保持率与比较例1相比有一定改善。比较例6中的脉冲放电步骤是大功率脉冲放电步骤,比较例2至5中的脉冲放电步骤是小功率脉冲放电步骤,比较例6的容量保持率与比较例2至5相比有轻微改善。比较例2和6的脉冲放电的起始点是5%SOC。比较例3至5的脉冲放电的起始点均是50%SOC以上,但比较例3和5只有一步小功率脉冲放电步骤,比较例3至5的容量保持率几乎相同。
可见,仅将脉冲放电的起始点设为50%SOC以上,而没有如本申请的充电方法那样设置两步以上脉冲放电步骤,容量保持率并没有明显改善。
如图13所示,比较例2至5中,由于设置两步以上脉冲放电步骤,无论是从50%SOC开始脉冲放电,还是从5%SOC开始脉冲放电,相对于比较例1而言,循环寿命的改善大致相同。比较例4中从70%开始 脉冲放电,比较例5中从90%开始脉冲放电,可是循环寿命相较于比较例2、3、6有所下降。
图14为本申请的二次电池的充电装置的结构图。
如图14所示,充电装置20包括充电单元2010和脉冲放电单元2020,充电单元2010根据电池管理单元BMS122发送的充电信息,以充电功率mP对电池121进行恒功率充电,脉冲放电单元2020根据电池管理单元BMS122发送的脉冲放电信息,对电池121进行恒功率脉冲放电。在充电装置20对电池121进行充电时,当电池121的电池状态参数达到预定值,比如,荷电状态达到50%SOC以上,脉冲放电单元2020根据BMS 122发送的脉冲放电信息对电池121进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
在一些实施例中,在脉冲放电单元2020进行多次脉冲放电后,充电单元2010以充电功率mP再次对电池121进行恒功率充电,当电池121的电池状态参数达到第二预定值时,比如,荷电状态增加5%SOC,脉冲放电单元2020再次进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
在一些实施例中,脉冲放电单元2020与充电单元2010交替进行多次脉冲放电和恒功率充电,直到电池121被充满或达到一定荷电状态。
本申请还提供计算机可读存储介质,计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令,计算机可执行指令在由处理器执行时,执行本申请的二次电池的充电方法。
本申请还提供用于执行本申请的二次电池的充电方法的电子设备。
图15为本申请的电子设备的结构图。
如图15所示,电子设备3000包括存储器3010和处理器3020,存储器3010存储计算机指令,处理器3020运行计算机指令,执行本申请的二次电池的充电方法。
以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围,其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是,只要不存在 结构冲突,各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例,而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种二次电池的充电方法,其特征在于:
    电池管理单元(Battery Management System,BMS)向充电源发送第一充电信息,所述第一充电信息包括第一充电功率,
    所述充电源用于根据所述第一充电功率,对所述二次电池进行恒功率充电,
    当所述电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,所述BMS向所述充电源发送多个脉冲放电信息,每个所述脉冲放电信息包括放电功率和放电时间,
    所述充电源根据所述多个脉冲放电信息中的所述放电功率和放电时间,对所述二次电池进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    所述电池状态参数包括所述二次电池的荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    所述第一预定值为50%SOC以上。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    当所述电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,所述BMS向所述充电源发送第一脉冲放电信息,所述第一脉冲放电信息包括第一放电功率和第一放电时间,
    所述充电源根据所述第一脉冲放电信息对所述二次电池进行第一恒功率脉冲放电,
    当经过所述第一放电时间后,所述BMS向所述充电源发送第二脉冲放电信息,所述第二脉冲放电信息包括第二放电功率和第二放电时间,
    所述充电源根据所述第二脉冲放电信息对所述二次电池进行第二恒功率脉冲放电。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    所述第一放电功率大于所述第一充电功率,所述第二放电功率小于所述第一充电功率。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    所述第一放电时间为1至20秒,
    所述第二放电时间为1至20秒。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    在所述多次脉冲恒功率放电之后,所述充电源根据所述BMS发送的第二充电信息,以所述第一充电功率再次对所述二次电池进行恒功率充电,
    当所述二次电池的电池状态参数达到第二预定值时,所述充电源根据所述BMS发送的所述多个脉冲放电信息,对所述二次电池再次进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    所述第二预定值为SOC增加5%。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的二次电池的充电方法,其中,
    所述充电源根据所述BMS多次发送的所述第二充电信息和所述多个脉冲放电信息,重复进行所述恒功率充电和所述多次脉冲恒功率放电,直到所述二次电池的电压达到预定值。
  10. 一种二次电池的充电装置,其特征在于,包括:
    充电单元,其根据BMS发送的充电信息,以第一充电功率对所述二次电池进行恒功率充电,和
    脉冲放电单元,其根据BMS发送的脉冲放电信息,对所述二次电池进行恒功率脉冲放电,
    其中,
    当电池状态参数达到第一预定值时,所述脉冲放电单元根据BMS发 送的多个脉冲放电信息对所述二次电池进行多次恒功率脉冲放电。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的二次电池的充电装置,其中,
    在所述脉冲放电单元进行所述多次脉冲放电后,所述充电单元以所述第一充电功率对所述二次电池再次进行恒功率充电,
    当所述二次电池的电池状态参数达到第二预定值时,所述脉冲放电单元再次进行所述多次恒功率脉冲放电。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的二次电池的充电装置,其中,
    所述脉冲放电单元与所述充电单元交替进行所述多次脉冲放电和所述恒功率充电,直到所述二次电池的电压达到预定值。
  13. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令在由处理器执行时,执行权利要求1至9中任一项的方法。
  14. 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括:
    存储器,其存储计算机指令,以及
    处理器,其运行所述计算机指令,执行权利要求1至9中任一项的方法。
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IT202300021381A1 (it) * 2023-10-13 2025-04-13 Stellantis Europe Spa Definizione di profili di ricarica rapida di batterie di veicoli a propulsione ibrida oppure elettrica
CN119496267A (zh) * 2025-01-17 2025-02-21 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池控制电路、电池系统、用电装置及电池充电控制方法
CN119561207A (zh) * 2025-01-17 2025-03-04 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池控制电路、电池系统、用电装置及电池充电控制方法
CN119496267B (zh) * 2025-01-17 2025-09-26 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池控制电路、电池系统、用电装置及电池充电控制方法
CN119561207B (zh) * 2025-01-17 2025-11-07 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池控制电路、电池系统、用电装置及电池充电控制方法

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JP2024526322A (ja) 2024-07-17
CN116491009A (zh) 2023-07-25
EP4329045A4 (en) 2024-11-20
KR20240017950A (ko) 2024-02-08

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