WO2023092999A1 - 电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092999A1
WO2023092999A1 PCT/CN2022/098528 CN2022098528W WO2023092999A1 WO 2023092999 A1 WO2023092999 A1 WO 2023092999A1 CN 2022098528 W CN2022098528 W CN 2022098528W WO 2023092999 A1 WO2023092999 A1 WO 2023092999A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
battery pack
battery
heating
interface
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098528
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵元淼
但志敏
李占良
黄孝键
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22798045.5A priority Critical patent/EP4210151A4/en
Priority to KR1020237005470A priority patent/KR102777871B1/ko
Priority to JP2023501524A priority patent/JP7469554B2/ja
Priority to US18/168,875 priority patent/US12362410B2/en
Publication of WO2023092999A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092999A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/865—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/30—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles
    • H02J2105/33—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles
    • H02J2105/37—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery heating system, a battery pack and an electrical device.
  • a heating film is usually attached to the surface of the battery inside the battery, and the heat generated by the heating film is transferred to the battery through contact with each other, thereby realizing heating for the battery.
  • this solution is essentially an external heating method, and there will be losses in the heat transfer process, resulting in low heating efficiency and high heating energy consumption.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery heating system, a battery pack, and an electrical device, which can heat the battery by adopting a dual-branch battery heating scheme without affecting the original output function of the battery, thereby improving the heating efficiency. Reduce heating energy consumption.
  • a battery heating system including: a battery control device; the battery control device includes a switch assembly, the switch assembly includes a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch, and one end of the first switch is used for It is connected to the negative pole of the first battery pack, the other end of the first switch is used to be connected to the positive pole of the second battery pack, one end of the second switch is used to be connected to the negative pole of the first battery pack, and the third switch’s One end is used to connect with the positive pole of the second battery pack; when the first switch is closed and the second switch and the third switch are disconnected, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are arranged in series, and connected to the charging and discharging device to charge or discharge the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series; when the first switch is open and the second switch and the third switch are closed, the second A battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to a battery heating device to form a first loop and a second loop, and the first loop and the second loop
  • the battery heating system of the embodiment of the present application can heat the battery by adopting a dual-branch battery heating scheme without affecting the original output function of the battery, thereby improving heating efficiency and reducing heating energy consumption.
  • the battery heating system further includes: the battery heating device; the battery heating device includes a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm and an energy storage element; When the second switch and the third switch are closed, the first battery group and the second battery group are respectively connected to the battery heating device, forming a first circuit for discharging the first battery group to the energy storage element and the energy storage device.
  • the energy element and the first battery pack charge the second battery pack to the second loop, or form the second battery pack to discharge the energy storage element in the first loop and the second battery pack and the energy storage element to the The second circuit for charging the first battery pack.
  • the temperature rise rate of the low-temperature heating of the battery can be greatly improved, thereby improving heating efficiency and reducing heating energy consumption.
  • the battery control device further includes an interface assembly, and the interface assembly includes a main positive interface, a main negative interface, a first heating positive interface, a first heating negative interface, a second heating positive interface, and a second heating positive interface.
  • Heating negative interface the main positive interface is used to connect to the positive pole of the first battery pack
  • the main negative interface is used to connect to the negative pole of the second battery pack
  • the other end of the second switch is connected to the first heating negative interface
  • the other end of the third switch is connected to the second heating positive interface; when the first switch is closed and the second switch and the third switch are disconnected, the first battery pack and the second battery
  • the battery packs are arranged in series, and connected to the charging and discharging device through the main positive interface and the main negative interface, so as to charge or discharge the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series; when the first switch is disconnected and the second battery pack When the second switch and the third switch are closed, the first battery pack is connected to the battery heating device through the first heating positive interface and the first heating negative interface,
  • the first battery pack and the second battery pack are independently connected to the battery heating device to form the first loop and the second loop for heating the battery, and through the original
  • the main positive interface and the main negative interface connect the battery to the charging and discharging device to realize charging or discharging of the battery. That is to say, the battery heating system of the embodiment of the present application, by setting independent heating branches, can use the dual-branch battery heating scheme to heat the battery without affecting the original output function of the battery, thereby improving the heating efficiency. Reduce heating energy consumption.
  • the switch assembly further includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch, one end of the fourth switch is used to connect to the positive pole of the first battery pack, and the other end of the fourth switch is connected to the positive pole of the main connected to the positive interface, one end of the fifth switch is used to connect to the negative pole of the second battery pack, and the other end of the fifth switch is connected to the main negative interface; between the first switch, the fourth switch and the fifth When the switch is closed and the second switch and the third switch are disconnected, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are arranged in series, and are connected to the charging and discharging device through the main positive interface and the main negative interface, To charge or discharge the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series.
  • the other end of the fourth switch is also connected to the first heating positive interface
  • the other end of the fifth switch is also connected to the second heating negative interface
  • the first battery pack is connected to the battery heating device through the first heating positive interface and the first heating negative interface
  • the second battery pack is connected to the battery heating device through the second heating positive interface and the second heating negative interface.
  • the modification of the battery heating system can be reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the control complexity of the battery heating system can be reduced Spend.
  • the battery control device further includes a current sensor, and the current sensor is used to detect the current in the loop formed when the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series are charged or discharged. value.
  • the current sensor measures the magnitude of the charging current or the discharging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series, which can prevent the battery pack from being damaged due to excessive current.
  • the current measured by the current sensor can also be integrated to obtain the charge or discharge charge of the first battery pack and the second battery pack after being connected in series, so as to judge the power state of the battery pack. Prevent the occurrence of overcharge or overdischarge during use, and avoid affecting the service life of the battery pack.
  • one end of the current sensor is used to connect to the positive pole of the first battery pack, and the other end of the current sensor is connected to the main positive interface.
  • the current sensor is arranged between the positive pole of the first battery pack and the main positive interface, which is convenient for measuring the charging current or discharging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack after series connection, thereby preventing the current from being too large, damage to the battery pack.
  • the battery control device further includes a pre-charging resistor
  • the switch assembly further includes a sixth switch, one end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to one end of the sixth switch, and the other end of the pre-charging resistor Connected to one end of the fourth switch, the other end of the sixth switch is connected to the other end of the fourth switch, the pre-charging resistor and the sixth switch are used for the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series When the battery pack is charging or discharging, current limiting is provided for the load connected to the main positive interface and the main negative interface.
  • the purpose of the pre-charging resistor and the sixth switch is to provide current limiting for the capacitive loads that may be connected to the back end of the main positive interface and the main negative interface, so as to avoid damage to devices in the high-voltage circuit due to excessive instantaneous current.
  • At least one switch in the switch assembly is a relay.
  • a battery pack including the battery heating system in the above first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect; a first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the first battery pack The negative poles of the battery pack are respectively connected to one end of the first switch and one end of the second switch, and the positive poles of the second battery pack are respectively connected to the other end of the first switch and one end of the third switch.
  • the dual-branch battery heating scheme can be used to heat the battery without affecting the original output function of the battery, thereby improving heating efficiency and reducing heating energy consumption .
  • the battery pack further includes a first manual maintenance switch and a second manual maintenance switch, the first manual maintenance switch is connected in series with the first battery pack, the second manual maintenance switch is connected to the The second battery pack is connected in series.
  • the purpose of the first manual maintenance switch and the second manual maintenance switch is to provide protection for the first battery pack and the second battery pack when the first battery pack and the second battery pack work independently.
  • At least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack is formed by a plurality of battery cells connected in series; and/or, the first battery pack and the second battery pack At least one of the battery packs is formed by connecting multiple battery cells in parallel and then in series.
  • an electric device in a third aspect, includes the second aspect and the battery pack in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, and the battery pack is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a battery heating device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a battery heating device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a battery heating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 shows another schematic circuit diagram of the battery heating system of the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 shows another schematic structural diagram of the battery pack according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging capacity of the power battery is greatly limited in the low temperature environment, which seriously affects the customer's car experience in winter. Therefore, in order to be able to use the power battery normally, it is necessary to heat the power battery in a low temperature environment.
  • the power battery in the embodiment of the present application may be lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-air battery or sodium-ion battery, etc., which are not limited herein.
  • the power battery in the embodiment of the present application can be a battery cell/battery monomer, or a battery module or battery pack, which is not limited here.
  • the power battery can be used in power devices such as automobiles and ships. For example, it can be applied to electric vehicles to supply power to the motors of electric vehicles as the power source of electric vehicles.
  • the power battery can also supply power to other electrical devices in the electric vehicle, such as the air conditioner in the car, the car player, etc.
  • a heating film is usually attached to the surface of the cell inside the battery, and the heat generated by the heating film is transferred to the cell through contact with each other, thereby realizing heating for the battery .
  • This solution is essentially an external heating method, and there is loss in the heat transfer process.
  • the main problem is low heating efficiency and high heating energy consumption. A large amount of battery power is consumed in the heating of the battery itself, which leads to long charging time and short cruising range of electric vehicles in winter.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a solution for heating the battery, which can improve heating efficiency and reduce heating energy consumption.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a battery heating device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery heating device 110 when the battery 120 is connected to the battery heating device 110 , the battery heating device 110 is used to heat the battery 120 .
  • the charging and discharging device 130 is used to charge or discharge the battery 120.
  • the charging and discharging device 130 may include a charging device or a power consumption device.
  • the charging device may be, for example, a charging pile for charging the battery 120 .
  • the electrical device can be a motor, for example, and the battery 120 is connected to the drive circuit of the motor to provide power for the drive circuit, thereby ensuring the normal running of the powered vehicle.
  • the battery management system (battery management system, BMS) of the battery 120 collects state information of the battery 120, such as battery temperature, state of charge (state of charge, SOC), voltage signal, current signal, etc., and Based on the state information, it is determined whether the battery 120 needs to be heated.
  • the BMS may send a heating request to a vehicle control unit (VCU).
  • VCU vehicle control unit
  • the VCU determines whether to turn on the battery heating device 110 to heat the battery 120 according to the heating request sent by the BMS.
  • the VCU may determine whether to use the battery heating device 110 to heat the battery 120 according to the SOC of the battery 120 .
  • the battery heating device 110 can be used to heat the battery 120 , which does not affect the normal running of the powered vehicle.
  • the battery heating device 110 may not be used to heat the battery.
  • a motor controller such as a microprogrammed control unit (MCU)
  • MCU microprogrammed control unit
  • the heat generated by the working loss of the motor can be used to heat or keep warm the battery 120, for example, the heat generated by the working loss of the motor is used to heat the coolant of the battery 120 during driving, thereby cooling the battery 120.
  • the liquid heats or keeps the battery 120 warm.
  • the battery heating device 110 can be turned on to heat the battery 120 , and the length of the heating period of the battery heating device 110 can be adjusted, or the heating frequency of the battery heating device 110 can be adjusted.
  • the present application does not limit the usage scenarios of the battery heating device 110 , and the battery heating device 110 in the embodiment of the present application can be used to heat the battery 120 under any necessary circumstances.
  • the BMS of the battery 120 can also monitor whether the temperature of the battery 120 is abnormal.
  • the BMS can send information about the abnormal temperature to the VCU, and the VCU controls the battery heating device 110 to stop heating the battery 120 .
  • the battery 120 can be heated or kept warm by using the heat generated by the working loss of the motor, for example, the cooling liquid of the battery 120 can be heated by using the heat generated by the working loss of the motor, so that the battery 120 can be heated or kept warm by the cooling liquid.
  • the VCU may control the battery heating device 110 to stop heating the battery 120 .
  • the heat generated by the working loss of the motor can be used to keep the battery 120 warm.
  • the heat generated by the working loss of the motor can be used to heat the coolant of the battery 120 , so that the battery 120 can be kept warm by the coolant.
  • each battery pack is generally heated sequentially, or multiple battery packs are connected in parallel and then heated simultaneously.
  • the above-mentioned first method prolongs the heating time, and the second method causes the current used for heating to be shunted. Both methods lead to low heating efficiency and affect user experience.
  • this application provides a dual-branch battery heating scheme, which can realize simultaneous heating of two battery packs through reasonable control. Since the current used for heating is not shunted, the efficiency of low-temperature heating of the battery is greatly improved. Temperature rise rate, improve heating efficiency.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the battery heating device 110 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 120 includes a first battery pack 121 and a second battery pack 122, and the battery heating device 110 can heat the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 at the same time.
  • the battery heating device 110 may include a first bridge arm 1111 , a second bridge arm 1112 and an energy storage element 1113 .
  • the energy storage element 1113 may be, for example, an inductor L, or an inductor L and a capacitor connected in series.
  • a first capacitor C1 may be connected in parallel to both ends of the first battery pack 121
  • a second capacitor C2 may be connected in parallel to both ends of the second battery pack 122 .
  • the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can realize the functions of absorbing the corresponding bridge arm turn-off peak voltage and stabilizing the battery voltage.
  • the bridge arm switch will be turned off correspondingly.
  • the stray inductance and the rate of change of current will produce a huge peak voltage, which needs to be absorbed by the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2; and reduce the voltage fluctuation of the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122, and improve the The voltage stability of the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 . In this way, the battery and the high-voltage devices in the circuit can be better protected from being damaged by voltage shocks.
  • the first bridge arm 1111 and the second bridge arm 1112 can form a circuit in which the first battery pack 121 discharges to the energy storage element 1113 and the energy storage element 1113 and the first battery pack 121 discharge to the second battery pack 122 under the control of the VCU.
  • the charging circuit is used to heat the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 during discharging and charging; and/or, the first bridge arm 1111 and the second bridge arm 1112 can be formed under the control of the VCU
  • the second battery pack 122 discharges the circuit to the energy storage element 1113, and the energy storage element 1113 and the second battery pack 122 charge the first battery pack 121 to the first battery pack 121 and the first battery pack 121 in the process of discharging and charging.
  • the second battery pack 122 is heated.
  • the battery heating device 110 heats the first battery group 121 and the second battery group 122, by controlling the conduction or disconnection of the first bridge arm 1111 and the second bridge arm 1112, the first battery group 121 and the second battery group 121 are formed.
  • the discharge circuit and the charging circuit are switched back and forth. Since there is current flow inside the two battery packs during the discharge and charging process, the temperature of the battery will increase, and the simultaneous heating of the two battery packs will be realized, and the heating will be relatively high. efficiency.
  • the first end E11 of the first bridge arm 1111 is connected to the first end of the first battery pack 121, and the first end E21 of the second bridge arm 1112 is connected to the first end of the second battery pack 122.
  • the second end E12 of the first bridge arm 1111 is connected to the second end of the first battery pack 121
  • the second end E22 of the second bridge arm 1112 is connected to the second end of the second battery pack 122 .
  • the first bridge arm 1111 includes a first sub-bridge arm 1101 and a second sub-bridge arm 1102
  • the second bridge arm 1112 includes a third sub-bridge arm 1103 and a fourth sub-bridge arm 1104 .
  • the first end of the first battery pack 121 is the positive pole of the first battery pack 121
  • the second end of the first battery pack 121 is the negative pole of the first battery pack 121
  • the first end of the second battery pack 122 is the positive pole of the second battery pack 122
  • the second end of the second battery pack 122 is the negative pole of the second battery pack 122 .
  • the energy storage element 1113 of the present application may be connected between the first bridge arm 1111 and the second bridge arm 1112 .
  • one end of the energy storage element 1113 is connected between the first sub-bridge arm 1101 and the second sub-bridge arm 1102, and the other end of the energy storage element 1113 is connected between the third sub-bridge arm 1103 and the fourth sub-bridge arm 1103. Between the sub-bridge arms 1104.
  • the embodiment of the present application Since the dual-branch battery heating solution provided by the embodiment of the present application needs to input two battery packs to the battery heating device 110, the embodiment of the present application provides a battery heating system that does not affect the original output function of the battery. At the same time, a dual-branch battery heating scheme can be used to heat the battery, thereby improving heating efficiency and reducing heating energy consumption.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a battery heating system 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery heating system 300 includes: a battery control device 200, the battery control device 200 includes a switch assembly, the switch assembly includes a first switch 211, a second switch 212 and a third switch 213, the first switch 211 One end is used to be connected to the negative pole of the first battery pack 121, the other end of the first switch 211 is used to be connected to the positive pole of the second battery pack 122, and one end of the second switch 212 is used to be connected to the negative pole of the first battery pack 121, One end of the third switch 213 is used to connect with the positive pole of the second battery pack 122 .
  • the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 are arranged in series and connected to the charging and discharging device 130, so as to charge and discharge the second battery pack after series connection.
  • a battery pack 121 and a second battery pack 122 are charged or discharged; or, when the first switch 211 is open and the second switch 212 and the third switch 213 are closed, the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 are respectively It is connected to the battery heating device 110 to form a first loop and a second loop, and the first loop and the second loop are used to heat the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 .
  • the battery pack in the embodiment of the present application mainly emphasizes the number of battery cells or the number of battery modules, rather than the structure of the battery pack. That is to say, the battery pack includes at least one battery cell or at least one battery module, and whether the battery pack includes other structures is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the series arrangement described here may mean that the negative pole of the first battery pack 121 is connected to the positive pole of the second battery pack 122, and the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 and the negative pole of the second battery pack 122 serve as the first battery pack after series connection.
  • the negative pole of the second battery pack 122 is connected with the positive pole of the first battery pack 121, and the positive pole of the second battery pack 122 and the negative pole of the first battery pack 121 are used as the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 after series connection.
  • the battery heating system 300 of the embodiment of the present application can heat the battery by adopting a dual-branch battery heating scheme without affecting the original output function of the battery, thereby improving heating efficiency and reducing heating energy consumption.
  • the battery heating system 300 may further include a battery heating device 110 , and the circuit structure of the battery heating device 110 may be as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the battery heating device 110 may include a first bridge arm 1111, a second bridge arm 1112 and an energy storage element 1113; wherein, when the first switch 211 is open and the second switch 212 and the third switch 213 are closed , the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 are respectively connected to the battery heating device 110, forming a first loop for the first battery pack 121 to discharge to the energy storage element 1113 and the energy storage element 1113 and the first battery pack 121 to the second
  • the second circuit for charging the battery pack 122 may form a first circuit for discharging the second battery pack 122 to the energy storage element 1113 and a second loop for charging the first battery pack 121 from the second battery pack 122 and the energy storage element 1113 .
  • the first circuit and the second circuit are used to heat the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122
  • the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 is connected to the first end E11 of the first bridge arm 1111
  • the negative pole of the first battery pack 121 is connected to the second end E12 of the first bridge arm 1111
  • the second battery pack 122 The positive pole of the second battery pack 122 is connected to the first end E21 of the second bridge arm 1112
  • the negative pole of the second battery pack 122 is connected to the second end E22 of the second bridge arm 1112 .
  • the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 is connected to the first end E21 of the second bridge arm 1112
  • the negative pole of the first battery pack 121 is connected to the second end E22 of the second bridge arm 1112
  • the second battery pack 122 The positive pole of the second battery pack 122 is connected to the first end E11 of the first bridge arm 1111
  • the negative pole of the second battery pack 122 is connected to the second end E12 of the first bridge arm 1111 .
  • the temperature rise rate of the low-temperature heating of the battery can be greatly increased, thereby improving heating efficiency and reducing heating energy consumption.
  • the battery control device 200 also includes an interface assembly, which may include a main positive interface 221, a main negative interface 222, a first heating positive interface 223, a second A heating negative interface 224 , a second heating positive interface 225 and a second heating negative interface 226 .
  • the main positive interface 221 is used to connect to the positive pole of the first battery pack 121
  • the main negative interface 222 is used to connect to the negative pole of the second battery pack 122
  • the other end of the second switch 212 is connected to the first heating negative interface 224
  • the other end of the third switch 213 is connected to the second positive heating port 225 .
  • the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 are arranged in series, and are connected through the main positive interface 221 and the main negative interface 222 to the charging and discharging device 130 to charge or discharge the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series; or when the first switch 211 is open and the second switch 212 and the third switch 213 are closed, the second A battery pack 121 is connected to the battery heating device 110 through a first heating positive port 223 and a first heating negative port 224, and a second battery pack 122 is connected to the battery heating device through a second heating positive port 225 and a second heating negative port 226 110 to form a first loop and a second loop.
  • the first heating positive interface 223 is connected to the first input end E11 of the battery heating device 110
  • the first heating negative interface 224 is connected to the second input end E12 of the battery heating device 110
  • the first The second heating positive port 225 is connected to the third input end E21 of the battery heating device 110
  • the second heating negative port 226 is connected to the fourth input end E22 of the battery heating device 110 .
  • the first input end E11 and the second input end E12 respectively correspond to the first end E11 and the second end E12 of the first bridge arm 1111 in FIG. 2
  • the third input end E21 and the fourth input end E22 respectively Corresponding to the first end E21 and the second end E22 of the second bridge arm 1112 in FIG. 2 .
  • the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 are independently connected to the battery heating device 110 to form a heating system for the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122.
  • the first loop and the second loop, and the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series are connected to the charging and discharging device 130 through the original main positive interface 221 and the main negative interface 222, so as to realize the Charging or discharging of the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122.
  • the battery heating system 300 of the embodiment of the present application by setting independent heating branches, can use the dual-branch battery heating scheme to heat the battery without affecting the original output function of the battery, thereby improving the heating efficiency , Reduce heating energy consumption.
  • the switch assembly of the battery control device 200 further includes a fourth switch 214 and a fifth switch 215 , one end of the fourth switch 214 is used to connect to the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 , and the other end of the fourth switch 214 It is connected to the main positive interface 221 , one end of the fifth switch 215 is used to connect to the negative pole of the second battery pack 122 , and the other end of the fifth switch 215 is connected to the main negative interface 222 .
  • the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 are arranged in series, and pass The main positive interface 221 and the main negative interface 222 are connected to the charging and discharging device 130 to charge or discharge the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series.
  • the other end of the fourth switch 214 is also connected to the first heating positive port 223
  • the other end of the fifth switch 215 is also connected to the second heating negative port 226 .
  • the first switch 211 is open and the second switch 212
  • the third switch 213, the fourth switch 214 and the fifth switch 215 are closed
  • the first battery pack 121 passes through the first heating positive interface 223 and the first heating
  • the negative connection 224 is connected to the battery heating device 110
  • the second battery pack 122 is connected to the battery heating device 110 through a second heating positive connection 225 and a second heating negative connection 226 .
  • the modification of the battery heating system 300 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
  • the control complexity of the battery heating system 300 can be reduced.
  • the first heating positive interface 223 and the main positive interface 221 do not share the fourth switch 214, and the second heating negative interface 226 and the main negative interface 222 do not share the fifth switch 215, that is, the battery control
  • the device 200 also includes a seventh switch and an eighth switch, the seventh switch is connected between the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 and the first heating positive interface 223, and the eighth switch is connected between the negative pole of the second battery pack 122 and the first heating port 223. Between the two heating negative ports 226 .
  • the first battery pack 121 and the second The battery pack 122 is arranged in series, and is connected to the charging and discharging device 130 through the main positive interface 221 and the main negative interface 222, so as to charge or discharge the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series; or, in the first switch 211, the fourth switch 214 and the fifth switch 215 are off and the second switch 212, the third switch 213, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are closed, the first battery pack 121 passes through the first heating positive interface 223 and the second A heating negative interface 224 is connected to the battery heating device 110 , and the second battery pack 122 is connected to the battery heating device 110 through the second heating positive interface 225 and the second heating negative interface 226 to realize heating of the battery 120 .
  • the battery control device 200 further includes a current sensor 230, which is used to detect the current value in the loop formed when the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series are charged or discharged. .
  • the current sensor 230 measures the magnitude of the charging current or the discharging current of the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series, so as to prevent the battery pack from being damaged by excessive current. At the same time, the current measured by the current sensor 230 can also be integrated to obtain the charge or discharge charge of the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series, so that the power state of the battery can be calculated. Judgment, prevent overcharge or overdischarge during use, and avoid affecting the service life of the battery pack.
  • the current sensor 230 is connected between the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 and the main positive interface 221 . That is, one end of the current sensor 230 is used to connect to the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 , and the other end of the current sensor 230 is connected to the main positive interface 221 . Further, one end of the current sensor 230 is used to connect to the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 , and the other end of the current sensor 230 is connected to the fourth switch 214 .
  • the current sensor 230 is arranged between the positive pole of the first battery pack 121 and the main positive interface 221, which is convenient for measuring the charging current or discharging current of the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series, so that Prevent excessive current from causing damage to the battery pack.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the installation position of the current sensor 230 .
  • the current sensor 230 can also be arranged between the second battery group 122 and the fifth switch 215, as long as it is arranged in the loop formed when the first battery group 121 and the second battery group 122 are charged or discharged in series. Can.
  • the switch assembly in the battery control device 200 also includes a sixth switch 216
  • the battery control device 200 also includes a pre-charging resistor 240
  • one end of the pre-charging resistor 240 is connected to one end of the sixth switch 216
  • the pre-charging The other end of the resistor 240 is connected to one end of the fourth switch 214
  • the other end of the sixth switch 216 is connected to the other end of the fourth switch 214.
  • the pre-charging resistor 240 and the sixth switch 216 are used for the first battery pack after being connected in series.
  • 121 and the second battery pack 122 provide current limiting for loads connected to the main positive interface 221 and the main negative interface 222 when charging or discharging.
  • the charging process is divided into a pre-charging process and a fast charging process.
  • the pre-charging process refers to controlling the charging and discharging device 130 to output a small current to charge the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series.
  • the fast charging process refers to controlling the charging and discharging device 130 to output a large current to charge the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 connected in series.
  • the purpose of the pre-charging resistor 240 and the sixth switch 216 is to provide current limiting for capacitive loads that may be connected to the rear end of the main positive interface 221 and the main negative interface 222, so as to avoid damage to devices in the high-voltage circuit due to excessive instantaneous current.
  • At least one switch in the switch assembly is a relay.
  • a first manual maintenance switch 123 and a second manual maintenance switch 124 can be set inside the battery 120, wherein the first manual maintenance switch 123 is connected in series with the first battery pack 121, and the second manual maintenance switch 124 is connected in series with the second battery pack 122 .
  • the purpose of the first manual maintenance switch 123 and the second manual maintenance switch 124 is to provide protection for the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 when the first battery pack 121 and the second battery pack 122 work independently.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a schematic block diagram of a battery pack.
  • the battery pack 500 includes a battery heating system 510 , a first battery pack 520 and a second battery pack 530 .
  • the battery heating system 510 is the battery heating system 300 in the above-mentioned various embodiments
  • the first battery pack 520 corresponds to the first battery pack 121 in the above-mentioned various embodiments
  • the second battery pack 530 corresponds to the above-mentioned A second battery pack 122 in various embodiments.
  • the negative pole of the first battery pack 510 is connected to one end of the first switch 211 and one end of the second switch 212 respectively, and the positive pole of the second battery pack 520 is connected to the other end of the first switch 211 and the third switch 213 respectively. connected at one end.
  • the dual-branch battery heating scheme can be used to heat the battery without affecting the original output function of the battery, thereby improving heating efficiency and reducing heating energy consumption .
  • the battery pack 500 further includes a first manual maintenance switch and a second manual maintenance switch, wherein the first manual maintenance switch is connected in series with the first battery pack 520, and the second manual maintenance switch The service switch is connected in series with the second battery pack 530 .
  • the first manual maintenance switch corresponds to the first manual maintenance switch 123 in the above various embodiments
  • the second manual maintenance switch corresponds to the second manual maintenance switch 124 in the above various embodiments.
  • At least one of the first battery pack 520 and the second battery pack 530 is formed by connecting multiple battery cells in series, and/or the first battery pack 520 and the second battery pack At least one battery pack in the second battery pack 530 is formed by connecting multiple battery cells in parallel and then in series.
  • the first battery pack 520 is formed by connecting multiple battery cells in series
  • the second battery pack 530 is formed by connecting multiple battery cells in parallel and then in series.
  • the first battery pack 520 is formed by connecting battery cells 521-52n in series.
  • the second battery pack 530 is formed by connecting battery packs 531-53n in series, while the battery pack 531 is formed by connecting battery cells 5311-531n in parallel, wherein each battery pack in the battery packs 531-53n
  • the number of battery cells included may be the same or different, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, the electric device includes a battery pack, and the battery pack is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the battery may include the battery pack 500 in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置，该电池加热系统包括：开关组件，开关组件包括第一开关、第二开关和第三开关；在第一开关闭合以及第二开关和第三开关断开的情况下，第一电池组与第二电池组串联设置，并连接到充放电装置，以对串联后的第一电池组和第二电池组充电或放电；在第一开关断开以及第二开关和第三开关闭合的情况下，第一电池组和第二电池组分别连接到电池加热装置，以形成第一回路和第二回路，第一回路和第二回路用于对第一电池组和第二电池组进行加热。本申请实施例的电池加热系统，可以在不影响电池的原有输出功能的同时，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升了加热效率。

Description

电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置
本申请要求于2021年11月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202122926112.8、发明名称为“电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置”的实用新型的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置。
背景技术
由于具有能量密度高、可循环充电、安全环保等优点，动力电池被广泛应用于新能源汽车、消费电子、储能系统等领域中。
但是低温环境下动力电池的使用会受到一定限制。具体地，动力电池在低温环境下的放电容量会严重衰退，以及动力电池在低温环境下无法充电。因此，为了能够正常使用动力电池，需要在低温环境下为动力电池进行加热。
目前为了给电池进行加热，通常会在电池内部的电芯表面贴敷加热膜，加热膜产生的热量通过彼此接触传递到电芯上，从而实现为电池加热。但该方案本质上是一种外部加热方式，热量传递过程会存在损耗，从而导致加热效率低，加热能耗大。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置，可以在不影响电池的原有输出功能的同时，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
第一方面，提供了一种电池加热系统，包括：电池控制装置；该电池控制装置包括开关组件，该开关组件包括第一开关、第二开关和第三开关，该第一开关的一端用于与第一电池组的负极相连，该第一开关的另一端用于与第二电池组的正极相连，该第二开关的一端用于与该第一电池组的负极相连，该第三开关的一端用于与该第二电池组的正极相连；在该第一开关闭合以及该第二开关和该第三开关断开的情况下，该第一电池组与该第二电池组串联设置，并连接到充放电装置，以对串联后的该第一电池组和该第二电池组充电或放电；在该第一开关断开以及该第二开关和该第三开关闭合的情况下，该第一电池组和该第二电池组分别连接到电池加热装置，以形成第一回路和第二回路，该第一回路和该第二回路用于对该第一电池组和第二电池组进行加热。
通过控制第一开关的闭合和断开，可以实现电池中的第一电池组和第二电池组的串联设置与独立设置的切换，并且通过控制第二开关和第三开关的闭合和断开，可以实现在第一电池组和第二电池组串联时，连接到充放电装置，以实现对串联后的第一电池组和第二电池组的充电或放电，在第一电池组和第二电池组独立设置时，第一电池组和第二电池组可以分别连接到电池加热装置，以实现对第一电池组和第二电池组的加热。因此，本申请实施例的电池加热系统，可以在不影响电池的原有输出功能 的同时，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电池加热系统还包括：该电池加热装置；该电池加热装置包括第一桥臂、第二桥臂和储能元件；在该第一开关断开以及该第二开关和该第三开关闭合的情况下，该第一电池组和该第二电池组分别连接到该电池加热装置，形成该第一电池组向该储能元件放电的第一回路以及该储能元件和该第一电池组向该第二电池组充电的第二回路，或者，形成该第二电池组向该储能元件放电的第一回路以及该第二电池组和该储能元件向该第一电池组充电的第二回路。
通过采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，能够大大提升电池的低温加热的温升速率，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电池控制装置还包括接口组件，该接口组件包括主正接口、主负接口、第一加热正接口、第一加热负接口、第二加热正接口和第二加热负接口，该主正接口用于与该第一电池组的正极相连，该主负接口用于与该第二电池组的负极相连，该第二开关的另一端与该第一加热负接口相连，该第三开关的另一端与该第二加热正接口相连；在该第一开关闭合以及该第二开关和该第三开关断开的情况下，该第一电池组和该第二电池组串联设置，并通过主正接口和主负接口连接到该充放电装置，以对串联后的该第一电池组和该第二电池组充电或放电；在该第一开关断开以及该第二开关和该第三开关闭合的情况下，该第一电池组通过该第一加热正接口和该第一加热负接口连接到该电池加热装置，以及该第二电池组通过该第二加热正接口和该第二加热负接口连接到该电池加热装置，以形成该第一回路和该第二回路。
通过在原有接口组件中增加两对加热接口，分别将第一电池组和第二电池组独立连接到电池加热装置中，以形成对电池加热的第一回路和第二回路，并且通过原有的主正接口和主负接口将电池连接到充放电装置中，以实现对电池的充电或放电。即本申请实施例的电池加热系统，通过设置独立的加热支路，能够在不影响电池原有的输出功能的情况下，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该开关组件还包括第四开关和第五开关，该第四开关的一端用于与该第一电池组的正极相连，该第四开关的另一端与该主正接口相连，该第五开关的一端用于与该第二电池组的负极相连，该第五开关的另一端与该主负接口相连；在该第一开关、该第四开关和该第五开关闭合以及该第二开关和该第三开关断开的情况下，该第一电池组与该第二电池组串联设置，并通过该主正接口和该主负接口连接到该充放电装置，以对串联后的该第一电池组和该第二电池组充电或放电。
通过在串联后的第一电池组和第二电池组的正极与主正接口以及负极与主负接口之间分别设置开关，在电池不需要与充放电装置进行连接时，能够及时控制电池断开与充放电装置之间的连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第四开关的另一端还与该第一加热正接口相连，该第五开关的另一端还与该第二加热负接口相连；在该第一开关断开以及该第二开关、该第三开关、第四开关和该第五开关闭合的情况下，该第一电池组通过该第一加热正接口和该第一加热负接口连接到该电池加热装置，以及该第二电池组通过该第二加热正接口和该第二加热负接口连接到该电池加热装置。
通过第一加热正接口与主正接口共用第四开关以及第二加热负接口与主负接口共用第五开关，能够减少电池加热系统的改动，降低成本，并且可以降低对电池加热系统的控制复杂度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电池控制装置还包括电流传感器，该电流传感器用于检测在串联后的该第一电池组和该第二电池组充电或放电时所形成的回路中的电流值。
电流传感器对串联后的第一电池组和第二电池组的充电电流或放电电流的大小进行测量，可以防止电流过大，对电池组造成损害。同时，还可以对电流传感器所测得的电流大小进行积分运算，得到串联后的第一电池组和第二电池组的充电电荷量或放电电荷量，从而可以对电池组的电量状态进行判断，防止使用过程中过充电或过放电情况的发生，避免影响电池组的使用寿命。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电流传感器的一端用于与该第一电池组的正极相连，该电流传感器的另一端与该主正接口相连。
将电流传感器设置在第一电池组的正极与主正接口之间，便于对串联后的第一电池组和第二电池组的充电电流或放电电流的大小进行测量，从而可以防止电流过大，对电池组造成损害。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电池控制装置还包括预充电阻，该开关组件还包括第六开关，该预充电阻的一端与该第六开关的一端相连，该预充电阻的另一端与该第四开关的一端相连，该第六开关的另一端与该第四开关的另一端相连，该预充电阻和该第六开关用于在串联后的该第一电池组和该第二电池组充电或放电时为与该主正接口和该主负接口连接的负载提供限流。
预充电阻和第六开关的目的在于为主正接口和主负接口的后端可能连接的容性负载提供限流，避免瞬间电流过大损坏高压回路中的器件。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该开关组件中的至少一个开关为继电器。
相较于普通开关，继电器更安全，并且更便于控制。
第二方面，提供了一种电池包，包括上述第一方面以及第一方面中任一可能的实现方式中的电池加热系统；第一电池组和第二电池组，其中，该第一电池组的负极分别与该第一开关的一端和该第二开关的一端相连，该第二电池组的正极分别与该第一开关的另一端和该第三开关的一端相连。
通过在电池中设置本申请实施例提供的电池加热系统，可以在不影响电池的原有输出功能的同时，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电池包还包括第一手动维修开关和第二手动维修开关，该第一手动维修开关与该第一电池组串联，该第二手动维修开关与该第二电池组串联。
第一手动维修开关和第二手动维修开关的目的在于在第一电池组和第二电池组独立工作时，为第一电池组和第二电池组提供保护。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第一电池组和该第二电池组中的至少一个电池组是由多个电池单体串联形成的；和/或，该第一电池组和该第二电池组中的至少一个电池组是由多个电池单体先并联再串联形成的。
第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置包括第二方面以及第二方面任一种可能的实现方式中的电池包，该电池包用于为该用电装置提供电能。
附图说明
图1示出了本申请实施例的电池加热装置的应用场景的示意图。
图2示出了本申请实施例的电池加热装置的示意性电路图。
图3示出了本申请实施例的电池加热系统的示意性电路图。
图4示出了本申请实施例的电池加热系统的另一示意性电路图。
图5示出了本申请实施例的电池包的示意性框图。
图6示出了本申请实施例的电池组的结构示意图。
图7示出了本申请实施例的电池组的另一结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
随着时代的发展，新能源汽车由于其环保性、低嗓音、使用成本低等优点，具有巨大的市场前景且能够有效促进节能减排，有利于社会的发展和进步。
由于动力电池的电化学特性，在低温环境下，动力电池的充放电能力被大大限制，严重影响客户冬季用车体验。因此，为了能够正常使用动力电池，需要在低温环境下为动力电池进行加热。
本申请实施例中的动力电池可以为锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池等，在此不做限定。从规模而言，本申请实施例中的动力电池可以为电芯/电池单体，也可以是电池模组或电池包，在此不做限定。从应用场景而言，该动力电池可应用于汽车、轮船等动力装置内。例如，可以应用于动力汽车，以为动力汽车的电机供电，作为电动汽车的动力源。该动力电池还可为电动汽车中的其他用电器件供电，比如为车内空调、车载播放器等供电。
为了便于描述，以下将以动力电池应用于新能源汽车(即动力汽车、或称电动汽车)为例，对本申请的方案进行阐述。
目前为了给动力电池(以下将简称为“电池”)进行加热，通常会在电池内部的电芯表面贴敷加热膜，加热膜产生的热量通过彼此接触传递到电芯上，从而实现为电池加热。该方案本质上是一种外部加热方式，热量在传递过程中存在损耗，最主要的问题为加热效率低，加热能耗大。电池的电量大量消耗在电池自身加热上，从而导致电动汽车在冬天充电时间长、续航里程短。
为此，本申请实施例提供了一种对电池加热的方案，能够提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
图1示出了本申请实施例的电池加热装置的应用场景的示意图。如图1所示，当电池120与电池加热装置110连接时，电池加热装置110用于为电池120加热。当 电池120与充放电装置130连接时，充放电装置130用于对电池120充电或放电。充放电装置130可以包括充电装置或用电装置。充电装置例如可以是充电桩，用于为电池120进行充电。而用电装置例如可以是电机，电池120与电机的驱动电路连接，用于为该驱动电路提供电源，从而保证动力汽车的正常行驶。
在一种实现方式中，电池120的电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)采集电池120的状态信息，例如电池温度、荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)、电压信号、电流信号等，并根据该状态信息确定电池120是否需要加热。当确定需要对电池120进行加热时，BMS可以向整车控制器(vehicle control unit，VCU)发送加热请求。VCU根据BMS发送的加热请求，确定是否开启电池加热装置110对电池120进行加热。
例如，VCU接收到BMS发送的加热请求后，可以根据电池120的SOC，确定是否利用电池加热装置110对电池120进行加热。其中，当电池120的电量充足，即SOC较高，比如高于一个阈值时，可以利用电池加热装置110对电池120进行加热，此时并不影响动力汽车的正常行驶。
又例如，当电池120的电量不足，即SOC较低，比如低于一个阈值时，为了降低电池加热损耗，可以不利用电池加热装置110对电池加热。电机控制器，例如微程序控制器(microprogrammed control unit，MCU)可以根据电机的电压和电流等信息，确定电机状态，并发送给VCU。因此，如果电机此时处于正常工作的状态，那么可以利用电机工作损耗产生的热量对电池120进行加热或保温，例如利用行车时电机工作损耗产生的热量加热电池120的冷却液，从而由该冷却液对电池120加热或保温。
或者，当电池120的SOC较低时，也可以开启电池加热装置110对电池120进行加热，并调整电池加热装置110的加热周期的长度，或者说，调整电池加热装置110的加热频率。
本申请并不限定电池加热装置110的使用场景，本申请实施例的电池加热装置110可以在任何需要的情况下，用来对电池120进行加热。
在电池加热装置110对电池120加热的过程中，电池120的BMS还可以监测电池120的温度是否存在异常。当电池120的温度存在异常时，例如电池120中的不同电芯之间的温度差异较大时，BMS可以向VCU发送温度异常的信息，则VCU控制电池加热装置110停止对电池120加热。此时，可以利用电机工作损耗产生的热量对电池120进行加热或保温，例如利用电机工作损耗产生的热量加热电池120的冷却液，从而由冷却液对电池120加热或保温。
在电池加热装置110对电池120加热过程中，如果电池120的温度已满足要求，则VCU可以控制电池加热装置110停止对电池120加热。此时，可以利用电机工作损耗产生的热量对电池120进行保温，例如利用电机工作损耗产生的热量加热电池120的冷却液，从而由冷却液对电池120保温。
当电池120包括多个电池组时，现有技术中，通常采用依次加热每个电池组，或将多个电池组并联后同时加热的方式。但是上述第一种方式延长了加热的时间，第二种方式使得用于加热的电流被分流，两种方式均导致加热效率低，影响用户体验。
为此，本申请提供了一种双支路电池加热的方案，通过合理的控制可以实现同时对两个电池组进行加热，由于用于加热的电流未被分流，从而大大提升了电池低温加热的温升速率，提高加热效率。
图2示出了本申请实施例提供的电池加热装置110的一种示意性电路图。如图2所示，电池120包括第一电池组121和第二电池组122，电池加热装置110可以同时 对第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行加热。其中，电池加热装置110可以包括第一桥臂1111、第二桥臂1112和储能元件1113。储能元件1113例如可以是电感L，或者是串联在一起的电感L和电容。
第一电池组121的两端例如还可以并联有第一电容C1，第二电池组122的两端例如还可以并联有第二电容C2。该第一电容C1和该第二电容C2可以实现吸收对应桥臂关断尖峰电压、电池稳压等功能，电池加热装置110停止工作瞬间，桥臂开关会对应关断，此时由于高压回路的杂散电感以及电流变化率会产生一个极大的尖峰电压，需要使用第一电容C1和第二电容C2来吸收；以及减小第一电池组121和第二电池组122的电压波动，提高第一电池组121和第二电池组122的电压稳定性。这样，能够更好地保护电池以及回路中高压器件，避免受到电压冲击损坏。
第一桥臂1111和第二桥臂1112可以在VCU的控制下，形成第一电池组121向储能元件1113放电的回路、以及储能元件1113和第一电池组121向第二电池组122充电的回路，以在放电和充电的过程中对第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行加热；和/或，第一桥臂1111和第二桥臂1112可以在VCU的控制下，形成第二电池组122向储能元件1113放电的回路、以及储能元件1113和第二电池组122向第一电池组121充电的回路，以在放电和充电的过程中对第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行加热。
可见，电池加热装置110对第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行加热时，通过控制第一桥臂1111和第二桥臂1112的导通或断开，形成第一电池组121和第二电池组122中的一个电池向储能元件放电的回路、以及该电池和储能元件向另一个电池充电的回路。放电回路和充电回路来回切换，由于放电和充电过程中两个电池组内部都存在电流的流动，因此会使电池的温度升高，实现对两个电池组的同时加热，且具有较高的加热效率。
如图2所示，第一桥臂1111的第一端E11与第一电池组121的第一端相连，第二桥臂1112的第一端E21与第二电池组122的第一端相连，第一桥臂1111的第二端E12与第一电池组121的第二端相连，第二桥臂1112的第二端E22与第二电池组122的第二端相连。其中，第一桥臂1111包括第一子桥臂1101和第二子桥臂1102，第二桥臂1112包括第三子桥臂1103和第四子桥臂1104。
其中，第一电池组121的第一端为第一电池组121的正极，第一电池组121的第二端为第一电池组121的负极。第二电池组122的第一端为第二电池组122的正极，第二电池组122的第二端为第二电池组122的负极。
本申请的储能元件1113可以连接在第一桥臂1111和第二桥臂1112之间。例如，如图2所示，储能元件1113的一端连接在第一子桥臂1101和第二子桥臂1102之间，储能元件1113的另一端连接在第三子桥臂1103和第四子桥臂1104之间。
由于本申请实施例提供的双支路电池加热的方案需要向电池加热装置110输入两个电池组，因此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池加热系统，在不影响电池原有的输出功能的同时，可以采用双支路电池加热的方案对电池进行加热，从而可以提高加热效率，减少加热能耗。
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的电池加热系统300的一种示意性框图。如图3所示，该电池加热系统300包括：电池控制装置200，该电池控制装置200包括开关组件，开关组件包括第一开关211、第二开关212和第三开关213，第一开关211的一端用于与第一电池组121的负极相连，第一开关211的另一端用于与第二电池组122的正极相连，第二开关212的一端用于与第一电池组121的负极相连，第三开关213的一端用于与第二电池组122的正极相连。
在第一开关211闭合以及第二开关212和第三开关213断开的情况下，第一电池组121和第二电池组122串联设置，并连接到充放电装置130，以对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电或放电；或者，在第一开关211断开以及第二开关212和第三开关213闭合的情况下，第一电池组121和第二电池组122分别连接到电池加热装置110，以形成第一回路和第二回路，该第一回路和第二回路用于对第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行加热。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例的电池组主要强调的是电芯的数量或电池模块的数量，而并非强调电池组的结构。也就是说，电池组包括至少一个电芯或至少一个电池模块，至于该电池组是否还包括其他结构，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
此处所述的串联设置，可以是指，第一电池组121的负极和第二电池组122的正极相连，而第一电池组121的正极和第二电池组122的负极作为串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122的整体的正极和负极。或者，第二电池组122的负极与第一电池组121的正极相连，而第二电池组122的正极和第一电池组121的负极作为串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122的整体的正极和负极。
通过控制第一开关211的闭合和断开，可以实现第一电池组121和第二电池组122的串联设置与独立设置的切换，并且通过控制第二开关212和第三开关213的闭合和断开，可以实现在第一电池组121和第二电池组122串联设置时，连接到充放电装置130，以实现对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充放电，在第一电池组121和第二电池组122独立设置时，第一电池组121和第二电池组122可以分别连接到电池加热装置110，以实现对第一电池组121和第二电池组122的加热。因此，本申请实施例的电池加热系统300，可以在不影响电池的原有输出功能的同时，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
可选地，如图3所示，该电池加热系统300还可以包括电池加热装置110，该电池加热装置110的电路结构可以如图2所示。具体地，该电池加热装置110可以包括第一桥臂1111、第二桥臂1112和储能元件1113；其中，在第一开关211断开以及第二开关212和第三开关213闭合的情况下，第一电池组121和第二电池组122分别连接到电池加热装置110，形成第一电池组121向储能元件1113放电的第一回路以及储能元件1113和第一电池组121向第二电池组122充电的第二回路，或者，形成第二电池组122向储能元件1113放电的第一回路以及第二电池组122和储能元件1113向第一电池组121充电的第二回路。该第一回路和第二回路用于对第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行加热。
其中，该第一电池组121的正极与第一桥臂1111的第一端E11相连，该第一电池组121的负极与第一桥臂1111的第二端E12相连，该第二电池组122的正极与第二桥臂1112的第一端E21相连，该第二电池组122的负极与第二桥臂1112的第二端E22相连。或者，该第一电池组121的正极与第二桥臂1112的第一端E21相连，该第一电池组121的负极与第二桥臂1112的第二端E22相连，该第二电池组122的正极与第一桥臂1111的第一端E11相连，该第二电池组122的负极与第一桥臂1111的第二端E12相连。
通过采用双支路电池加热的方案为第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行加热，能够大大提升电池的低温加热的温升速率，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，如图4所示，该电池控制装置200还包括接口组件，该接口组件可以包括主正接口221、主负接口222、第一加热正接口223、第一加热负接口224、第二加热正接口225和第二加热负接口226。该主正接口221用于与第一电池组121的正极相连，该主负接口222用于与第二电池组122的负极相连，第二 开关212的另一端与第一加热负接口224相连，第三开关213的另一端与第二加热正接口225相连。其中，在第一开关211闭合以及第二开关212和第三开关213断开的情况下，第一电池组121和第二电池组122串联设置，并通过主正接口221和主负接口222连接到充放电装置130，以对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电或放电；或者在第一开关211断开以及第二开关212和第三开关213闭合的情况下，第一电池组121通过第一加热正接口223和第一加热负接口224连接到电池加热装置110，以及第二电池组122通过第二加热正接口225和第二加热负接口226连接到电池加热装置110，以形成第一回路和第二回路。
可选地，参见图4，该第一加热正接口223与电池加热装置110的第一输入端E11相连，该第一加热负接口224与电池加热装置110的第二输入端E12相连，该第二加热正接口225与电池加热装置110的第三输入端E21相连，该第二加热负接口226与电池加热装置110的第四输入端E22相连。其中，该第一输入端E11和第二输入端E12分别对应于图2中的第一桥臂1111的第一端E11和第二端E12，该第三输入端E21和第四输入端E22分别对应于图2中的第二桥臂1112的第一端E21和第二端E22。
通过在原有接口组件中增加两对加热接口，分别将第一电池组121和第二电池组122独立连接到电池加热装置110中，以形成对第一电池组121和第二电池组122加热的第一回路和第二回路，并且通过原有的主正接口221和主负接口222将串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122连接到充放电装置130中，以实现对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122的充电或放电。即本申请实施例的电池加热系统300，通过设置独立的加热支路，能够在不影响电池原有的输出功能的情况下，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
继续参见图4，该电池控制装置200的开关组件还包括第四开关214和第五开关215，第四开关214的一端用于与第一电池组121的正极相连，第四开关214的另一端与主正接口221相连，第五开关215的一端用于与第二电池组122的负极相连，第五开关215的另一端与主负接口222相连。其中，在第一开关211、第四开关214和第五开关215闭合且第二开关212和第三开关213断开的情况下，第一电池组121和第二电池组122串联设置，并通过主正接口221和主负接口222连接到充放电装置130，以对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电或放电。
通过在串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122的正极与主正接口221以及负极与主负接口222之间分别设置开关，在电池不需要与充放电装置进行连接时，能够控制电池断开与充放电装置之间的连接。
继续参见图4，第四开关214的另一端还与第一加热正接口223相连，第五开关215的另一端还与第二加热负接口226相连。其中，在第一开关211断开以及第二开关212、第三开关213、第四开关214和第五开关215闭合的情况下，第一电池组121通过第一加热正接口223和第一加热负接口224连接到电池加热装置110，以及第二电池组122通过第二加热正接口225和第二加热负接口226连接到电池加热装置110。
通过第一加热正接口223与主正接口221共用第四开关214以及第二加热负接口226与主负接口222共用第五开关215，能够减少电池加热系统300的改动，降低成本，并且可以降低对电池加热系统300的控制复杂度。
在另一种实施例中，该第一加热正接口223与主正接口221不共用第四开关214，该第二加热负接口226与主负接口222不共用第五开关215，即该电池控制装置200还包括第七开关和第八开关，该第七开关连接在第一电池组121的正极与第一加热 正接口223之间，该第八开关连接在第二电池组122的负极与第二加热负接口226之间。其中，在第一开关211、第四开关214和第五开关215闭合且第二开关212、第三开关213、第七开关和第八开关断开的情况下，第一电池组121和第二电池组122串联设置，并通过主正接口221和主负接口222连接到充放电装置130，以对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电或放电；或者，在第一开关211、第四开关214以及第五开关215断开且第二开关212、第三开关213、第七开关和第八开关闭合的情况下，第一电池组121通过第一加热正接口223和第一加热负接口224连接到电池加热装置110，以及第二电池组122通过第二加热正接口225和第二加热负接口226连接到电池加热装置110，以实现对电池120的加热。
继续参见图4，该电池控制装置200还包括电流传感器230，该电流传感器230用于检测在串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电或放电时所形成的回路中的电流值。
电流传感器230对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122的充电电流或放电电流的大小进行测量，可以防止电流过大，对电池组造成损害。同时，还可以对电流传感器230所测得的电流大小进行积分运算，得到串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122的充电电荷量或放电电荷量，从而可以对电池的电量状态进行判断，防止使用过程中过充电或过放电情况的发生，避免影响电池组的使用寿命。
在一种示例中，如图4所示，电流传感器230连接在第一电池组121的正极与主正接口221之间。即电流传感器230的一端用于与第一电池组121的正极相连，电流传感器230的另一端与主正接口221相连。进一步地，电流传感器230的一端用于与第一电池组121的正极相连，电流传感器230的另一端与第四开关214相连。
将电流传感器230设置在第一电池组121的正极与主正接口221之间，便于对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122的充电电流或放电电流的大小进行测量，从而可以防止电流过大，对电池组造成损害。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例对电流传感器230的设置位置不作限定。例如，电流传感器230还可以设置在第二电池组122与第五开关215之间，只要其设置在串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电或放电时所形成的回路中即可。
继续参见图4，该电池控制装置200中的开关组件还包括第六开关216，该电池控制装置200还包括预充电阻240，预充电阻240的一端与第六开关216的一端相连，预充电阻240的另一端与第四开关214的一端相连，第六开关216的另一端与第四开关214的另一端相连，预充电阻240和第六开关216用于在串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电或放电时为与主正接口221和主负接口222连接的负载提供限流。
具体地，当充放电装置130对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122充电时，该充电过程分为预充过程和快速充电过程。预充过程是指控制充放电装置130输出小电流对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行充电。而快速充电过程则是指控制充放电装置130输出大电流对串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122进行充电。其中，在第一开关211、第四开关214、第五开关215和第六开关216闭合并且第二开关212、第三开关213断开的情况下，预充过程启动。当串联后的第一电池组121和第二电池组122满足一定的充电条件后，可以断开第六开关216，而其他开关的状态保持，此时快速充电过程启动。
预充电阻240和第六开关216的目的在于为主正接口221和主负接口222的后端可能连接的容性负载提供限流，避免瞬间电流过大损坏高压回路中的器件。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，开关组件中的至少一个开关为继电器。
相较于普通开关，继电器更安全，并且更便于控制。
继续参见图4，可以在电池120的内部设置第一手动维修开关123和第二手动维修开关124，其中，该第一手动维修开关123与第一电池组121串联，第二手动维修开关124与第二电池组122串联。
第一手动维修开关123和第二手动维修开关124的目的在于在第一电池组121和第二电池组122独立工作时，为第一电池组121和第二电池组122提供保护。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池包的示意性框图。如图5所示，该电池包500包括电池加热系统510、第一电池组520和第二电池组530。其中该电池加热系统510为上述各种实施例中的电池加热系统300，该第一电池组520对应于上述各种实施例中的第一电池组121，该第二电池组530则对应于上述各种实施例中的第二电池组122。具体地，该第一电池组510的负极分别与第一开关211的一端和第二开关212的一端相连，第二电池组520的正极分别与第一开关211的另一端和第三开关213的一端相连。
通过在电池中设置本申请实施例提供的电池加热系统，可以在不影响电池的原有输出功能的同时，采用双支路电池加热的方案为电池进行加热，从而提升加热效率，减少加热能耗。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，该电池包500还包括第一手动维修开关和第二手动维修开关，其中，该第一手动维修开关与第一电池组520串联，第二手动维修开关与第二电池组530串联。该第一手动维修开关对应于上述各种实施例中的第一手动维修开关123，该第二手动维修开关对应于上述各种实施例中的第二手动维修开关124。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，该第一电池组520和第二电池组530中的至少一个电池组是由多个电池单体串联形成的，和/或第一电池组520和第二电池组530中的至少一个电池组是由多个电池单体先并联再串联形成的。例如，第一电池组520是由多个电池单体串联形成的，第二电池组530是由多个电池单体先并联再串联形成的。如图6所示，第一电池组520由电池单体521-52n串联形成。如图7所示，第二电池组530由电池组531-53n串联形成的，而电池组531则是由电池单体5311-531n并联形成的，其中，电池组531-53n中每个电池组所包括的电池单体的数量可以相同，也可以不同，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置包括电池包，该电池包用于为用电装置提供电能。该电池可以包括上述实施例中的电池包500。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布 到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池加热系统，其特征在于，包括：电池控制装置；
    所述电池控制装置包括开关组件，所述开关组件包括第一开关、第二开关和第三开关，所述第一开关的一端用于与第一电池组的负极相连，所述第一开关的另一端用于与第二电池组的正极相连，所述第二开关的一端用于与所述第一电池组的负极相连，所述第三开关的一端用于与所述第二电池组的正极相连；
    在所述第一开关闭合以及所述第二开关和所述第三开关断开的情况下，所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组串联设置，并连接到充放电装置，以对串联后的所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组充电或放电；
    在所述第一开关断开以及所述第二开关和所述第三开关闭合的情况下，所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组分别连接到电池加热装置，以形成第一回路和第二回路，所述第一回路和所述第二回路用于对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组进行加热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述电池加热系统还包括：所述电池加热装置；
    所述电池加热装置包括第一桥臂、第二桥臂和储能元件；
    在所述第一开关断开以及所述第二开关和所述第三开关闭合的情况下，所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组分别连接到所述电池加热装置，形成所述第一电池组向所述储能元件放电的第一回路以及所述储能元件和所述第一电池组向所述第二电池组充电的第二回路，或者，形成所述第二电池组向所述储能元件放电的第一回路以及所述第二电池组和所述储能元件向所述第一电池组充电的第二回路。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述电池控制装置还包括接口组件，所述接口组件包括主正接口、主负接口、第一加热正接口、第一加热负接口、第二加热正接口和第二加热负接口，所述主正接口用于与所述第一电池组的正极相连，所述主负接口用于与所述第二电池组的负极相连，所述第二开关的另一端与所述第一加热负接口相连，所述第三开关的另一端与所述第二加热正接口相连；
    在所述第一开关闭合以及所述第二开关和所述第三开关断开的情况下，所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联设置，并通过所述主正接口和所述主负接口连接到所述充放电装置，以对串联后的所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组充电或放电；
    在所述第一开关断开以及所述第二开关和所述第三开关闭合的情况下，所述第一电池组通过所述第一加热正接口和所述第一加热负接口连接到所述电池加热装置，以及所述第二电池组通过所述第二加热正接口和所述第二加热负接口连接到所述电池加热装置，以形成所述第一回路和所述第二回路。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述开关组件还包括第四开关和第五开关，所述第四开关的一端用于与所述第一电池组的正极相连，所述第四开关的另一端与所述主正接口相连，所述第五开关的一端用于与所述第二电池组的负极相连，所述第五开关的另一端与所述主负接口相连；
    在所述第一开关、所述第四开关和所述第五开关闭合以及所述第二开关和所述第 三开关断开的情况下，所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组串联设置，并通过所述主正接口和所述主负接口连接到所述充放电装置，以对串联后的所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组充电或放电。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述第四开关的另一端还与所述第一加热正接口相连，所述第五开关的另一端还与所述第二加热负接口相连；
    在所述第一开关断开以及所述第二开关、所述第三开关、所述第四开关和所述第五开关闭合的情况下，所述第一电池组通过所述第一加热正接口和所述第一加热负接口连接到所述电池加热装置，以及所述第二电池组通过所述第二加热正接口和所述第二加热负接口连接到所述电池加热装置。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述电池控制装置还包括电流传感器，所述电流传感器用于检测在串联后的所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组充电或放电时所形成的回路中的电流值。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述电流传感器的一端用于与所述第一电池组的正极相连，所述电流传感器的另一端与所述主正接口相连。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述电池控制装置还包括预充电阻，所述开关组件还包括第六开关，所述预充电阻的一端与所述第六开关的一端相连，所述预充电阻的另一端与所述第四开关的一端相连，所述第六开关的另一端与所述第四开关的另一端相连，所述预充电阻和所述第六开关用于在串联后的所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组充电或放电时为与所述主正接口和所述主负接口连接的负载提供限流。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池加热系统，其特征在于，所述开关组件中的至少一个开关为继电器。
  10. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池加热系统；
    第一电池组和第二电池组；
    其中，所述第一电池组的负极分别与所述第一开关的一端和所述第二开关的一端相连，所述第二电池组的正极分别与所述第一开关的另一端和所述第三开关的一端相连。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括第一手动维修开关和第二手动维修开关，所述第一手动维修开关与所述第一电池组串联，所述第二手动维修开关与所述第二电池组串联。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组中的至少一个电池组是由多个电池单体串联形成的；和/或，所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组中的至少一个电池组是由多个电池单体先并联再串联形成的。
  13. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求10至12中任一项所述的电池包，所述电池包用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/098528 2021-11-25 2022-06-14 电池加热系统、电池包和用电装置 Ceased WO2023092999A1 (zh)

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