WO2023097444A1 - 电池、用电装置以及制备电池的方法和装置 - Google Patents

电池、用电装置以及制备电池的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023097444A1
WO2023097444A1 PCT/CN2021/134386 CN2021134386W WO2023097444A1 WO 2023097444 A1 WO2023097444 A1 WO 2023097444A1 CN 2021134386 W CN2021134386 W CN 2021134386W WO 2023097444 A1 WO2023097444 A1 WO 2023097444A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
battery
fighting
pressure relief
battery cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/134386
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐晨怡
马俊翔
黄小腾
刘俊
杨海奇
胡浪超
薛丹月
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2021/134386 priority Critical patent/WO2023097444A1/zh
Priority to ES21965888T priority patent/ES3060953T3/es
Priority to EP21965888.7A priority patent/EP4262005B1/en
Priority to CN202180090604.8A priority patent/CN116745980A/zh
Publication of WO2023097444A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023097444A1/zh
Priority to US18/345,261 priority patent/US20230344017A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing the battery.
  • Energy saving and emission reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry.
  • electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to its development.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery, an electrical device, a method and a device for preparing the battery, which can enhance the safety of the battery.
  • a battery including: a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction, and the battery cells are provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used to adjust the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells actuating to release the internal pressure when a threshold is reached; a fire-fighting pipe for containing a fire-fighting medium configured to discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated; a restraint member disposed on the plurality of battery cells The end of the body along the first direction, the constraining member is used to constrain the plurality of battery cells in the first direction; the fixing member is connected to the surface of the constraining member facing the fire pipe, and the fixing The fittings are used to fix the fire pipe.
  • the battery can include a plurality of battery cells, and the battery cells are provided with a pressure relief mechanism, which can be activated when the internal temperature or pressure of the battery cells exceeds a threshold to release the internal pressure
  • a fire-fighting pipeline is arranged at a position corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the discharge discharged from the pressure relief mechanism can destroy the fire-fighting pipeline, so that the fire-fighting medium contained in the fire-fighting pipeline flows out and flows to the pressure relief mechanism , to cool down the battery cell; at the same time, the fire-fighting pipe is fixed on the surface of the restraining member facing the fire-fighting pipe through the fixing piece, which can prevent the fire-fighting pipe from flying away after the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell at the end is actuated As a result, the fire-fighting medium cannot enter the interior of the battery cells at the end after being discharged, so that the battery cells at the end can be extinguished in time, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
  • the fixing member includes a limiting structure and a connecting structure
  • the limiting structure is used to limit the fire pipe
  • the connecting structure is used to be fixedly connected to the restraining member.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline is limited by the limiting structure, and the fire-fighting pipeline is fixed on the surface of the constraining member facing the fire-fighting pipeline through the connecting structure, which can avoid when the electric device where the battery is located (for example: electric vehicle) ) etc. are in motion, the position of the fire pipe changes. At the same time, it can avoid the fire-fighting pipeline being rushed away when the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell at the end is actuated, so that the fire-fighting medium cannot enter the interior of the battery cell at the end after being discharged, so that when the battery is thermally out of control, the battery can be Get timely fire protection and improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the limiting structure includes a first limiting part and a second limiting part that are engaged with each other, and the first limiting part and the second limiting part jointly define a
  • the fire-fighting pipe is configured to pass through the through-hole and abut against the inner wall of the through-hole so as to limit the fire-fighting pipe.
  • the fire-fighting pipe in the through hole, the position limit of the fire-fighting pipe, especially the limit of the fire-fighting pipe in the third direction can be realized, and the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell can be avoided.
  • the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first limiting part and the second limiting part forming the through hole are engaged with each other, it is convenient to assemble and disassemble the fire-fighting pipeline.
  • the first limiting portion includes a first groove, the opening of the first groove faces the battery cell, the side wall of the first groove is provided with a first buckle, the The second limiting part includes a second groove, the opening of the second groove faces away from the battery cell, the side wall of the second groove is provided with a second buckle, the first groove and the second groove Opposed to form the through hole, the first buckle and the second buckle cooperate with each other to realize the clamping connection of the first limiting part and the second limiting part.
  • the first groove of the first limiting part and the second groove of the second limiting part are oppositely arranged to form a through hole for accommodating the fire-fighting pipeline, so that the fire-fighting pipeline can be restricted. It can prevent the fire pipe from being rushed away when the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell is actuated.
  • the first buckle and the second buckle that cooperate with each other on the side walls of the first groove and the second groove, the clamping connection between the first limiting part and the second limiting part can be realized, which is beneficial to Assembly and disassembly of fire pipes.
  • the first buckle and the second buckle include corresponding inclined surfaces, and the inclined surfaces are used to guide the first buckle and the second buckle to cooperate with each other.
  • the inclined surface of the first buckle and the inclined surface of the second buckle can guide the first buckle and the second buckle to cooperate with each other, so as to facilitate the realization between the first limiting part and the second limiting part. snap-in connection.
  • the first end of the first limiting part is integrally connected with the second limiting part, and the second end of the first limiting part is snap-connected with the second limiting part,
  • the first limiting portion is configured to be bendable at the connection between the first end and the second limiting portion.
  • one end of the first limiting part and the second limiting part are integrally connected, and the other end is connected by clip joint, which can facilitate assembly and disassembly on the one hand, and improve the structural stability of the fixing part on the other hand .
  • the limiting structure further includes a third limiting part, and the third limiting part is used to limit the position of the fire-fighting pipe in the first direction.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline can be limited in the first direction, and the installation stability of the fire-fighting pipeline can be further increased, so that it can overcome the fire-fighting pipeline The problem of untimely fire protection caused by the position change when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the third limiting portion includes a connected supporting portion and a blocking portion, the supporting portion is used to support the end of the fire-fighting pipeline, and the blocking portion is used to stop the fire-fighting pipeline from moving along the first direction to move.
  • the support part is used to support the end of the fire-fighting pipeline, which can prevent the end of the fire-fighting pipeline from shaking along the third direction; Therefore, the installation stability of the fire-fighting pipeline can be improved by adopting the third limiting part composed of the supporting part and the blocking part, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the fixing member further includes an elastic piece connected to the inner wall of the through hole, and the elastic piece is used for interference fit of the fire pipe and the through hole.
  • a shrapnel is provided inside the through hole for accommodating the fire-fighting pipeline, which can play a shock-absorbing role when the fire-fighting pipeline expands, thereby When the fire-fighting pipeline expands, it can prevent the fire-fighting pipeline from driving the first limiting part to move, thereby ensuring the fixing effect of the fixing member.
  • the elastic piece has an arc-shaped structure, and both ends of the elastic piece are connected to the inner wall of the through hole; or one end of the elastic piece is connected to the inner wall of the through hole, and the other end of the elastic piece is connected to the inner wall of the through hole.
  • the inner walls of the through holes are separated.
  • the shrapnel is a semicircular structure or a wing-shaped structure.
  • the semicircular structure of the shrapnel has a simple structure and is easy to realize.
  • the shrapnel with the wing-shaped structure has a small contact area with the fire-fighting pipeline, and the force is small, and it is difficult to move the first limiting part when the fire-fighting pipeline expands, so that the fixing effect of the fixing member can be further ensured.
  • the elastic piece is arranged on the top wall and/or the bottom wall of the through hole, and the elastic piece is arranged symmetrically.
  • the shrapnel is arranged on the top wall and/or bottom wall of the through hole, and when the fire-fighting pipe expands along the third direction, it can prevent the fire-fighting pipe from driving the first stopper to move, thus ensuring the fixation of the fixing member Effect.
  • the shrapnel is arranged symmetrically so that when the fire-fighting pipe expands, the force on both ends of the fire-fighting pipe in the through hole along the second direction can be balanced, so that the fixing effect of the fixing member can be better ensured.
  • the second direction is vertical in the first direction and the third direction.
  • connection structure and the constraining member are engaged with each other; or, the connection structure and the constraining member are fixedly connected by a fastener.
  • an electric device including: the battery of the first aspect, where the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • a method for preparing a battery including: providing a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are arranged along a first direction, and the battery cells are provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used for actuates to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value; providing a fire-fighting conduit for containing a fire-fighting medium configured to discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated providing a constraining member disposed at the end of the plurality of battery cells along the first direction, the constraining member is used to constrain the plurality of battery cells in the first direction; providing a fixing member connected to the The restraining member is on the surface facing the fire-fighting pipeline, and the fixing piece is used to fix the fire-fighting pipeline.
  • a device for preparing a battery including: providing a module for: providing a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are arranged along a first direction, the battery cells are provided with a pressure relief mechanism, The pressure relief mechanism is used to actuate to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value; a fire-fighting pipeline is provided for containing a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipeline is configured to be caused by the pressure relief mechanism Discharging the fire-fighting medium during operation; providing a constraining member disposed at the end of the plurality of battery cells along the first direction, the constraining member is used to constrain the plurality of battery cells in the first direction; providing The fixing piece is connected to the surface of the constraining member facing the fire-fighting pipeline, and the fixing piece is used to fix the fire-fighting pipeline.
  • the battery may include a plurality of battery cells, and the battery cells are provided with a pressure relief mechanism, which can be activated when the internal temperature or pressure of the battery cells exceeds a threshold to release the internal pressure;
  • a fire-fighting pipeline is provided at a position corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the fire-fighting pipe In order to cool down the battery cell; at the same time, the fire-fighting pipe is fixed on the surface of the restraining member facing the fire-fighting pipe through the fixing piece, which can prevent the fire-fighting pipe from flying away after the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell at the end is actuated. As a result, after the fire-fighting medium is discharged, it cannot enter the interior of the battery cells at the end, so that the battery cells at the end can be extinguished in time, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A in FIG. 4 .
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fixing member disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is another schematic structural view of the fixing member disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the fixing member disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is another schematic structural view of the fixing member disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is another structural schematic diagram of the fixing member disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is another schematic structural view of the fixing member disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is another structural schematic diagram of the fixing member disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is another structural schematic diagram of the fixing member disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a partially enlarged schematic view of part B in FIG. 17 .
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a method for preparing a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic block diagram of a device for preparing a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery refers to a physical module including one or more battery cells to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative plates.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be polypropylene (Polypropylene, PP) or polyethylene (Polyethylene, PE).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is generally installed on the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or part that is activated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the predetermined threshold can be adjusted according to different design requirements. The predetermined threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can adopt elements or components that are sensitive to pressure or temperature, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, thereby forming a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism. aisle.
  • the "actuation" mentioned in this application refers to the action of the pressure relief mechanism, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cells can be released. Actions by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism rupture, be torn, or melt, among others. After the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the high temperature and high pressure material inside the battery cell will be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism as discharge. In this way, the battery cells can be depressurized under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby avoiding potential more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from battery cells mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrodes, fragments of separator, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by reaction, flame, etc.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a battery cell is short-circuited or overcharged, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released to the outside through the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism, so as to prevent the battery cells from exploding and igniting.
  • the main concern is to release the high pressure and high heat inside the battery cell, that is, to discharge the discharge to the outside of the battery cell.
  • High-temperature and high-pressure discharges are discharged toward the direction in which the battery cell is provided with the pressure relief mechanism, and more specifically toward the area where the pressure relief mechanism is actuated. Such discharges may be very powerful and destructive, and may even Enough to breach one or more structures in that direction, causing further safety concerns.
  • a fire-fighting pipeline is provided at the corresponding position of the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism When the pressure relief mechanism is used to actuate, the discharge discharged from the battery cell passes through and Destroy the fire-fighting pipeline, so that the fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting pipeline is discharged from the damaged place of the fire-fighting pipeline, and the discharge discharged from the pressure relief mechanism is cooled to reduce the danger of the discharge, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline in the embodiment of the present application is used to accommodate a fire-fighting medium, where the fire-fighting medium may be a fluid, and the fluid may be liquid or gas.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline may not contain any substances, and when the pressure-releasing mechanism is actuated, the fire-fighting pipeline contains the fire-fighting medium, for example, the fire-fighting pipeline can be controlled by switching valves The medium enters the fire-fighting piping.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline can also always contain a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting medium can also be used to adjust the temperature of the battery cells.
  • Regulating temperature refers to heating or cooling a plurality of battery cells.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline is used to accommodate cooling fluid to lower the temperature of multiple battery cells.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline can also be called a cooling component, a cooling system, or a cooling pipeline.
  • the contained fire fighting medium can also be called cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, it can be called cooling liquid or cooling gas.
  • the fire-fighting medium may be circulated to achieve a better effect of temperature regulation.
  • the fire-fighting medium may be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air.
  • a bracket is used to install the fire pipe on the wall of the battery cell where the pressure relief mechanism is located.
  • a support is provided on the wall where the pressure relief mechanism is located in the battery cell, and the fire-fighting pipeline is provided on the support and corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the present application provides a battery.
  • the fire pipe is fixed on the surface of the constraining member at the end of the battery cell through a fixing piece, which can prevent the battery cell at the end from being actuated by the pressure relief mechanism above it.
  • the fire-fighting pipe rushes away, so that the fire-fighting medium can enter the interior of the battery cells at the end after being discharged, that is, the battery cells at the end can be extinguished in time, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • batteries such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft , rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle. cars etc.
  • a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 can be arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom or front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for a circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for starting, navigating and running power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and the hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections. Batteries can also be called battery packs.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery. That is to say, multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or form a battery module first, and then form a battery from the battery module.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may also include a box body (or called a cover body), and the inside of the box body is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box body.
  • the box body may include two parts, referred to here as a first part 111 and a second part 112 respectively, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 can be determined according to the combined shape of a plurality of battery cells 20 , and each of the first part 111 and the second part 112 can have an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 can be hollow cuboids and each has only one face as an open face, the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged oppositely, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are interlocked combined to form a box with a closed chamber.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are combined in parallel, in series or in parallel and placed in the box formed by fastening the first part 111 and the second part 112 .
  • the box body may include two end plates, two side plates, a bottom plate and a top cover plate, the two end plates and the two side plates enclose to form a cavity with two openings, and the top cover plate The two openings are respectively covered with the bottom plate to form a box body with a closed chamber.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 10 may also include a confluence part, which is used to realize electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the current-combining component can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus member may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conduction means can also belong to the current-collecting part.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to achieve greater capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, for the convenience of installation, the battery cells 20 may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 20 constitutes a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to requirements.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes one or more electrode assemblies 22 , a casing 211 and a cover plate 212 .
  • the walls of the casing 211 and the cover plate 212 are both referred to as walls of the battery cell 20 .
  • the housing 211 depends on the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 22.
  • the housing 211 can be a hollow cuboid or cube or cylinder, and one of the surfaces of the housing 211 has an opening so that one or more electrodes Assembly 22 may be placed within housing 211 .
  • the housing 211 when the housing 211 is a hollow cuboid or cube, one of the planes of the housing 211 is an open surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 communicate.
  • the casing 211 can be a hollow cylinder, the end surface of the casing 211 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the casing 211 communicate.
  • the cover plate 212 covers the opening and is connected with the casing 211 to form a closed cavity for placing the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the casing 211 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolytic solution.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include two electrode terminals 214 , and the two electrode terminals 214 may be disposed on the cover plate 212 .
  • the cover plate 212 is usually in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat plate surface of the cover plate 212, and the two electrode terminals 214 are positive electrode terminals 214a and negative electrode terminals 214b respectively.
  • Each electrode terminal 214 is respectively provided with a connecting member 23 , or also called a current collecting member, which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22 for electrically connecting the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first tab 221a and a second tab 222a.
  • the polarities of the first tab 221a and the second tab 222a are opposite.
  • the first tab 221a is a positive tab
  • the second tab 222a is a negative tab.
  • the first tabs 221a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to one electrode terminal through one connection member 23
  • the second tabs 222a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to another electrode terminal through another connection member 23 .
  • the positive electrode terminal 214 a is connected to the positive electrode tab through one connection member 23
  • the negative electrode terminal 214 b is connected to the negative electrode tab through the other connection member 23 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 can be arranged as a single one or in multiples. As shown in FIG. 3 , four independent electrode assemblies 22 are arranged in the battery cell 20 .
  • a pressure relief mechanism 213 may also be provided on one wall of the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is activated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 are disposed on the same wall of the battery cell 20 .
  • both the electrode terminals 214 and the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be disposed on the top wall of the battery cell 20 , that is, the cover plate 212 .
  • Arranging the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 on the same wall of the battery cell 20, such as the cover plate 212 of the battery cell 20, can facilitate the processing and installation of the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214, which is beneficial to improve The production efficiency of the battery 10.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 are disposed on different walls of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode terminal 214 of the battery cell 20 can be disposed on the top wall of the battery cell 20 , that is, the cover plate 212 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is disposed on another wall of the battery cell 20 that is different from the top wall, for example, the pressure relief mechanism 213 is disposed on the bottom wall opposite to the top wall.
  • the above-mentioned pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a part of the wall where it is located, or may be a separate structure from the wall where it is located, and be fixed on the wall where it is located by, for example, welding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is a part of the bottom wall, the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be formed by setting a notch on the bottom wall, and the thickness of the bottom wall corresponding to the notch It is smaller than the thickness of other areas of the pressure relief mechanism 213 except the notch.
  • the notch is the weakest position of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can A crack occurs at the notch, which leads to communication between the inside and outside of the shell 211 , and the gas pressure and temperature are released outward through the crack of the pressure relief mechanism 213 , thereby preventing the battery cell 20 from exploding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be various possible pressure relief mechanisms, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold; and/or, the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged along the first direction X, and each battery cell 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 213, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used for the battery cell 20 Actuated to vent the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be arranged at any position of the battery cell 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 is a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG. 4
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be arranged on any wall of the rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be disposed on the uppermost wall of each battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 4 , that is, the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 of the battery cell 20 may be disposed on the same wall.
  • the embodiments of the present application are described by taking the structure in which the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 of the battery cell 20 are arranged on the same wall as an example.
  • the battery 10 also includes a constraining member 14, the constraining member 14 is arranged at the ends of the plurality of battery cells 20 along the first direction X, and the constraining member 14 is used to align the plurality of battery cells in the first direction X Body 20 is constrained.
  • the battery 10 may include a box for accommodating a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the case may include a constraining member 14 disposed along the first direction X.
  • the constraining member 14 may be perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the constraining member 14 may be an end plate and/or a separation beam of the battery 10, wherein the end plates are arranged at both ends of the battery 10 along the first direction X, and the separation beam is arranged between the two end plates, and
  • the box body is divided into multiple accommodating chambers.
  • the box body may further include two side plates, the two side plates are used to constrain the plurality of battery cells 20 in the second direction Y, and the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the two side plates and the two end plates are sequentially connected end to end to form a cavity for accommodating a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may also include a fire-fighting pipeline 13 for containing a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is configured to discharge the fire-fighting medium contained inside when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, and the fire-fighting medium can be rapidly cooled Cool down.
  • the position of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 in the embodiment of the present application is related to the position of the pressure relief mechanism 213 , that is, the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is set at a corresponding position of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the fire-fighting pipe 13 is disposed above the wall of the battery cell 20 where the pressure relief mechanism 213 is located and faces the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can at least partially cover the pressure relief mechanism 213, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the ejected discharge can destroy the fire-fighting pipeline 13, so that the fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can pass through the pressure relief mechanism 213 flows into the battery cell 20 where thermal runaway occurs.
  • the first direction X is substantially also the extending direction of the fire-fighting pipe 13 .
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application may further include a fixing part 15 connected to the surface of the constraining member 14 facing the fire-fighting pipe 13 , and the fixing part 15 is used to fix the fire-fighting pipe 13 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a partially enlarged view of part A in FIG. 4 .
  • the constraining member 14 includes a first surface 141.
  • the first surface 141 is parallel to the wall where the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the battery cell 20 is located.
  • the pipe 13 is fixed on the first surface 141 by a fixing member 15 .
  • the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application may include a plurality of battery cells 20, and the battery cells 20 are provided with a pressure relief mechanism 213. Actuated to release the internal pressure; a fire-fighting pipeline 13 is provided at a position corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 213, and when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213 can destroy the fire-fighting pipeline 13, so that The fire-fighting medium contained in the fire-fighting pipeline 13 flows out and flows to the pressure relief mechanism 213 to cool down the battery cell 20; at the same time, the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is fixed on the first surface 141 of the restraining member 14 facing the fire-fighting pipeline 13 through the fixing piece 15 , it can prevent the fire-fighting pipeline 13 from being rushed away after the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the battery cell 20 at the end is actuated, causing the fire-fighting medium to be discharged and unable to enter the interior of the battery cell 20 at the end, so that the battery at the end
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 may be arranged in an array, for example, the battery 10 shown in FIG. 4 includes 2*13 battery cells 20 . That is, 13 battery cells are arranged along the first direction X, and 2 battery cells are arranged along the second direction Y.
  • the fire-fighting pipe 13 arranged above the battery cell 20 can also be arranged in a corresponding shape. For example, for any row of battery cells 20 arranged along the first direction X in the battery 10 , the fire-fighting pipe 13 can be arranged as a straight-line communication pipe above the battery cells 20 and controlled by a set of valves.
  • the fire-fighting pipe 13 can be set as a bent U-shaped communication pipe, and pass through A set of valve controls.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can also be set as an S-shaped communication pipeline with two bends, and the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can be configured through a set of valves. control.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is described as a linear pipeline as an example.
  • a group of valves in the embodiment of the present application includes an inlet valve and/or an outlet valve.
  • the inlet valve is used to fill the fire-fighting pipeline 13 with a fire-fighting medium.
  • the outlet valve is used to discharge the fire-fighting medium outward.
  • an inlet valve is provided at the same time.
  • the valve and the outlet valve can realize the circulation of the fire-fighting medium in the fire-fighting pipeline 13, so that the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can also be used for cooling or heating when it is not damaged.
  • the position of the valve can be set according to the actual application.
  • the fixing member 15 includes a limiting structure 151 and a connecting structure 152 , the limiting structure 151 is used for limiting the fire pipe 13 , and the connecting structure 152 is used for fixedly connecting with the constraining member 14 .
  • the limiting structure 151 and the connecting structure 152 can be integrally formed.
  • the limiting structure 151 and the connecting structure 152 may be independent components and fixedly connected together.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is limited by the position-limiting structure 151, and the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is fixed on the first surface 141 of the restraint member 14 through the connecting structure 152, which can avoid when the electric device where the battery 10 is located (for example: an electric vehicle) ) etc. are in motion state, the position of fire-fighting pipeline 13 changes. At the same time, it can be avoided that when the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell 20 at the end is actuated, the fire-fighting pipe 13 will be rushed away, causing the fire-fighting medium to be discharged and unable to enter the interior of the battery cell 20 at the end, thereby generating heat in the battery 10. When out of control, the battery 10 can be promptly extinguished, which improves the safety performance of the battery 10 .
  • the limiting structure 151 includes a first limiting portion 153 and a second limiting portion 154 that engage with each other, and the first limiting portion 153 and the second limiting portion 154 jointly define The through-hole 1511 of X, the fire-fighting pipe 13 is configured to pass through the through-hole 1511 and abut against the inner wall of the through-hole 1511 , so as to limit the fire-fighting pipe 13 .
  • the through hole 1511 may have a closed inner wall.
  • the inner wall of the through hole 1511 can surround the outer circumference of the fire-fighting pipeline 13, and the shape of the through-hole 1511 depends on the shape of the outer circumference of the fire-fighting pipeline.
  • the through hole 1511 is not only used for accommodating the fire-fighting pipe 13 , but also for defining the position of the fire-fighting pipe in the second direction Y and/or the third direction Z. Wherein, the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the abutment of the fire-fighting pipe 13 against the inner wall of the through hole 1511 may refer to the contact between the fire-fighting pipe 13 and the inner wall of the through-hole 1511, or the contact between the fire-fighting pipe 13 and the inner wall of the through-hole 1511. There is a certain gap between them, so that the fire pipe 13 abuts against the inner wall of the through hole 1511 and does not drive the movement of the fixing member 15 when expanding.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 By arranging the fire-fighting pipeline 13 in the through hole 1511, the position limitation of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can be realized, especially the limitation of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 in the third direction Z, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the battery cell 20 can be avoided.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 When actuating, the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is washed away.
  • the first limiting portion 153 and the second limiting portion 154 forming the through hole 1511 are engaged with each other, it is convenient to assemble and disassemble the fire-fighting pipe 13 .
  • the first limiting portion 153 includes a first groove 155 , the opening of the first groove 155 faces the battery cell 20 , and the side wall of the first groove 155 is provided with a first buckle.
  • the second limiting portion 154 includes a second groove 156, the opening of the second groove 156 faces away from the battery cell 20, the side wall of the second groove 156 is provided with a second buckle 157, the first groove
  • the groove 155 and the second groove 156 are oppositely arranged to form a through hole 1511 , and the first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157 cooperate with each other to realize the first stopper 153 and the second stopper 154 snap-in connection.
  • the outer wall of the first groove 155 is provided with a first buckle 158
  • the inner wall of the second groove 156 is provided with a second buckle 157, between the first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157
  • the sidewall of the second groove 156 covers the sidewall of the first groove 155
  • the inner wall of the first groove 155 is provided with a first buckle 158
  • the outer wall of the second groove 156 is provided with a second buckle 157, and the first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157 are snapped together.
  • the sidewall of the first groove 155 covers the sidewall of the second groove 156 .
  • first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157 when both ends of the first groove 155 and the second groove 156 are connected by the first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157, the inner wall of one end of the first groove 155 is provided with a first Buckle 158, the outer wall of the second groove 156 at the same end is provided with a second buckle 157; the outer wall of the other end of the first groove 155 is provided with a first buckle 158, and the second groove 156 at the same end A second buckle 157 is provided on the inner wall of the .
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 By setting the first groove 155 of the first limiting part 153 and the second groove 156 of the second limiting part 154 opposite to form a through hole 1511 for accommodating the fire-fighting pipeline 13, thereby the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can be realized
  • the position limit can prevent the fire pipe 13 from being rushed away when the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the battery cell 20 is actuated.
  • the first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157 that cooperate with each other on the side walls of the first groove 155 and the second groove 156, the first limiting part 153 and the second limiting part 154 can be realized.
  • the clamping connection facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 .
  • the first buckle 158 includes a first inclined surface 158a
  • the second buckle 157 includes a second inclined surface 157a
  • the first inclined surface 158a corresponds to the second inclined surface 157a
  • the first inclined surface 158a corresponds to the second inclined surface 157a
  • the second inclined surface 157a An inclined surface 158a and the second inclined surface 157a are used to guide the first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157 to cooperate with each other.
  • first inclined surface 158 a is inclined to the first surface 141
  • second inclined surface 157 a is inclined to the first surface 141
  • first inclined surface 158a may be parallel to the second inclined surface 157a.
  • the first inclined surface 158 a and the second inclined surface 157 a can guide the first buckle 158 and the second buckle 157 to cooperate with each other, so as to facilitate the clamping connection between the first limiting portion 153 and the second limiting portion 154 .
  • the first buckle 158 may include a first surface perpendicular to the third direction Z and a second surface perpendicular to the second direction Y, and the first inclined surface 158a connects the first surface and the second surface.
  • the second buckle 157 may include a third surface perpendicular to the third direction Z and a fourth surface perpendicular to the second direction Y, and the second inclined surface 157a connects the third surface and the fourth surface.
  • the first inclined surface 158a slides toward the direction of the battery cell 20 along the second inclined surface 157a, so that the first surface and the third surface are in full contact, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the battery cell 20 is actuated, Since the first surface blocks the third surface, the fire-fighting pipe 13 cannot break through the first limiting portion 153 in the third direction Z, so that the fire-fighting pipe 13 can be limited.
  • the first end of the first limiter 153 in the second direction Y is integrally connected with the second limiter 154
  • the second end of the first limiter in the second direction Y is The end is snap-connected with the second limiting portion 154
  • the first limiting portion 153 is configured to be bendable at the connection between the first end and the second limiting portion 154 .
  • One end of the first limiting part 153 and the second limiting part 154 are integrally connected, and the other end is connected by snap-fitting. On the one hand, it can facilitate assembly and disassembly, and on the other hand, it can improve the structural stability of the fixing member 15 .
  • the second limiting portion 154 may include a second groove 156, and the opening of the second groove 156 faces away from the battery cell 20; and the first limiting portion 153 may be a flat plate Shape, the first limiting portion 153 covers the opening of the second groove 156 to form the through hole 1511, the first limiting portion 153 and the second limiting portion 154 can be connected by fasteners, for example, rivets or bolts.
  • the limiting structure 151 further includes a third limiting portion 159 , and the third limiting portion 159 is used to limit the position of the fire-fighting pipe 13 in the first direction X.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can be limited in the first direction X, and the installation stability of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can be further increased, so that the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can be overcome The problem of untimely fire protection caused by the position change when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the third limiting portion 159 includes a supporting portion 1591 and a blocking portion 1592 , and the supporting portion 1591 is connected to the blocking portion 1592 .
  • the supporting portion 1591 is used to support the end of the fire-fighting pipe 13
  • the blocking portion 1592 is used to block the movement of the fire-fighting pipe 13 along the first direction X.
  • the support portion 1591 may be connected to the bottom wall of the through hole 1511 and be located on the same plane.
  • the supporting portion 1591 is an extension of the bottom wall of the through hole 1511 along the first direction X.
  • the blocking portion 1592 may be perpendicular to the supporting portion 1591 , and the blocking portion 1592 is perpendicular to the first direction X. That is to say, the supporting portion 1591 and the blocking portion 1592 are in an L-shaped structure.
  • the support part 1591 to support the end of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 can prevent the end of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 from shaking along the third direction Z; using the blocking part 1592 to block the movement of the fire-fighting pipeline 13 along the first direction X can prevent the fire-fighting pipeline 13 from moving along the first direction X. Therefore, the third limiting portion 159 composed of the supporting portion 1591 and the blocking portion 1592 can improve the installation stability of the fire-fighting pipe 13 , thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 10 .
  • the end of the fire-fighting pipe 13 may abut against the blocking portion 1592, or there may be a certain gap between the fire-fighting pipe 13 and the blocking portion 1592. The existence of this gap will not affect the fire-fighting timeliness of the fire-fighting pipe 13 when thermal runaway occurs. .
  • the fixing member 15 further includes an elastic piece 1512 connected to the inner wall of the through hole 1511 , and the elastic piece 1512 is used to make the fire pipe 13 and the through hole 1511 fit in an interference fit.
  • a shrapnel 1512 is provided on the inner wall of the through hole 1511 for accommodating the fire-fighting pipeline 13, which can play a shock-absorbing role when the fire-fighting pipeline 13 expands, thereby When the fire-fighting pipe 13 expands, it can prevent the fire-fighting pipe 13 from driving the first limiting part 153 to move, thereby ensuring the fixing effect of the fixing member 15 .
  • the elastic piece 1512 has an arc-shaped structure, and both ends of the elastic piece 1512 are connected to the inner wall of the through hole 1511 . That is to say, the elastic piece 1512 has a semicircular structure.
  • the shrapnel 1512 with a semicircular structure has a simple structure and is easy to implement.
  • the elastic piece 1512 is an arc-shaped structure, and one end of the elastic piece 1512 is connected to the inner wall of the through hole 1511, and the other end of the elastic piece 1512 is separated from the inner wall of the through hole 1511. That is, the elastic piece 1512 is a wing-shaped structure.
  • the wing-shaped shrapnel 1512 has a small contact area with the fire-fighting pipe 13 and is subjected to a small force. When the fire-fighting pipe 13 expands, it is difficult to drive the first stopper 153 to move, thereby further ensuring the fixing effect of the fixing member 15 .
  • the elastic piece 1512 can be arranged on the top wall 1511a and/or the bottom wall 1511b of the through hole 1511, the top wall 1511a of the through hole 1511 can be the bottom wall of the first groove 155, and the through hole
  • the bottom wall 1511b of 1511 may be the bottom wall of the second groove 156 , and the top wall 1511a and bottom wall 1511b of the through hole 1511 are oppositely disposed along the third direction Z.
  • the shrapnel 1512 is arranged on the top wall 1511a and/or the bottom wall 1511b of the through hole 1511.
  • the shrapnel 1512 can prevent the fire pipe 13 from driving the first stopper 153 to move, thereby ensuring the fixed position.
  • Item 15 fixes the effect.
  • the elastic pieces 1512 of the wing-shaped structure may be arranged in pairs and arranged symmetrically.
  • the fixing member 15 includes two elastic pieces 1512 in a fin-shaped structure, and the two elastic pieces 1512 are arranged symmetrically.
  • the two elastic pieces 1512 are disposed on the top wall 1511 a of the through hole 1511 , and the two elastic pieces 1512 are bent in a direction away from each other.
  • the two elastic pieces 1512 are disposed on the bottom wall 1511 b of the through hole 1511 , and the two elastic pieces 1512 are bent towards the approaching direction.
  • FIG. 11 the fixing member 15 includes two elastic pieces 1512 in a fin-shaped structure, and the two elastic pieces 1512 are arranged symmetrically.
  • the two elastic pieces 1512 are disposed on the top wall 1511 a of the through hole 1511 , and the two elastic pieces 1512 are bent in a direction away from each other.
  • the two elastic pieces 1512 are disposed on the bottom wall 1511 b of the through hole 1511 ,
  • the two elastic pieces 1512 are disposed on the bottom wall 1511 b of the through hole 1511 , and the two elastic pieces 1512 are bent in a direction away from each other.
  • the two elastic pieces 1512 are disposed on the top wall 1511 a of the through hole 1511 , and the two elastic pieces 1512 are bent towards the approaching direction.
  • the shrapnel 1512 By arranging the shrapnel 1512 symmetrically, when the fire-fighting pipe expands, the two ends of the fire-fighting pipe 13 located in the through hole 1511 along the second direction Y can be evenly stressed, thereby better ensuring the fixing effect of the fixing member 15 .
  • connection structure 152 and the constraining member 14 may be fixedly connected by a fastener 16, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, the fastener 16 is a rivet or a bolt.
  • connection structure 152 includes a barb structure 1521 , and the first surface 141 is provided with a matching hole matched with the barb structure 1521 .
  • connection structure 152 and the constraining member 14 can be engaged with each other.
  • the first surface 142 is provided with a locking groove structure 142
  • the connection structure 152 is locked between two walls of the locking groove structure 142 to achieve mutual locking with the constraining member 14 .
  • FIG. 18 shows a partially enlarged view of part B in FIG. 17 .
  • the slot structure 142 includes a first slot wall 1421 and a second slot wall 1423 arranged along the second direction Y, wherein the first slot wall 1421 is perpendicular to the second direction Y. In the two directions Y, the first slot wall 1421 is farther away from the through hole 1512 than the second slot wall 1423 .
  • the connection structure 152 includes a third groove 1522, the opening of the third groove 1522 faces the battery cell 20, and the side wall of the third groove 1522 is provided with a bend along the second direction Y and away from the through hole 1511. part 1523 , the bent part 1523 is clamped between the first groove wall 1421 and the second groove wall 1423 to limit the movement of the fixing member 15 along the second direction Y.
  • the top of the first slot wall 1421 is provided with a protruding structure 1422 protruding along the second direction Y and close to the through hole 1511 , and the bent portion 1523 is disposed between the bottom wall of the slot structure 142 and the protrusion. 1422 to limit the movement of the fixing member 15 along the third direction Z.
  • the second locking groove wall 1423 may or may not be perpendicular to the second direction Y, which may be determined according to the shape of the third groove 1522 .
  • the side wall of the third groove 1522 is perpendicular to the bottom wall thereof, and the second locking groove wall 1423 may be perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • the second locking groove wall 1423 may also not be perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • the second limiting portion 154 and the connecting structure 152 in the embodiment of the present application may be integrally formed.
  • the bottom wall of the second groove 156 of the second limiting portion 154 is the bottom wall of the third groove 1522 of the connection structure 152 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, which may include the battery 10 in the foregoing embodiments, and the battery 10 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle 1 , a ship or a spacecraft.
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 300 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery may be the battery 10 provided in the above-mentioned various embodiments, as shown in FIG. 19, the method 300 may include:
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be arranged along the first direction X, and the battery cells 20 are provided with a pressure relief mechanism 213 for the internal pressure of the battery cells 20 or when the temperature reaches a threshold to actuate to relieve this internal pressure.
  • the fire-fighting pipe 13 is used to accommodate a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipe 13 is configured to discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • the constraining member 14 is disposed at the ends of the plurality of battery cells 20 along the first direction X, and the constraining member 14 is used to control the plurality of battery cells 20 in the first direction X. constraint.
  • the constraining member 14 is an end plate in the case of the battery 10 , or, the constraining member 14 is a partition beam in the case of the battery 10 .
  • the fixing part 15 is connected to the surface of the restraining member 14 facing the fire-fighting pipe 13 , and the fixing part 15 is used to fix the fire-fighting pipe 13 .
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 400 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery may be the battery 100 provided in the various embodiments above.
  • the device 400 for preparing a battery may include: a providing module 410 .
  • the providing module 410 is used for: providing a plurality of battery cells 20, the plurality of battery cells 20 are arranged along the first direction X, and the battery cells 20 are provided with a pressure relief mechanism 213, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used in the actuating to vent the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold;
  • the providing module 410 is also used to: provide a fire-fighting pipeline 13 for containing a fire-fighting medium, and the fire-fighting pipeline 13 is configured to discharge the fire-fighting medium when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated;
  • the providing module 410 is also used for: providing a constraining member 14 disposed at the end of the plurality of battery cells 20 along the first direction X, and the constraining member 14 is used to control the plurality of batteries in the first direction X Monomer 20 is constrained;
  • the providing module 410 is further used for: providing a fixing part 14 connected to the surface of the constraining member 14 facing the fire-fighting pipe 13 , and the fixing part 15 is used for fixing the fire-fighting pipe 13 .

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  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池(10)、用电装置、制备电池(10)的方法和装置。该电池(10)包括：沿第一方向(X)排列的多个电池单体(20)，该电池单体(20)设置有泄压机构(213)，该泄压机构(213)用于在该电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力；消防管道(13)，用于容纳消防介质，该消防管道(13)被配置为在该泄压机构(213)致动时排出该消防介质；约束构件(14)，设置于该多个电池单体(20)沿该第一方向(X)的端部，该约束构件(14)用于在该第一方向(X)上对该多个电池单体(20)进行约束；固定件(15)，连接于该约束构件(14)朝向该消防管道(13)的表面上，且该固定件(15)用于固定该消防管道(13)。本申请实施例的电池(10)、用电装置、制备电池(10)的方法和装置，能够提高电池(10)的安全性能。

Description

电池、用电装置以及制备电池的方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池、用电装置以及制备电池的方法和装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置，能够增强电池的安全性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体，该电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构用于在该电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力；消防管道，用于容纳消防介质，该消防管道被配置为在该泄压机构致动时排出该消防介质；约束构件，设置于该多个电池单体沿该第一方向的端部，该约束构件用于在该第一方向上对该多个电池单体进行约束；固定件，连接于该约束构件朝向该消防管道的表面上，且该固定件用于固定该消防管道。
在该实施例中，电池可以包括多个电池单体，且该电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构可以在电池单体内部温度或者压力超过阈值时致动，以泄放内部压力；在与泄压机构对应的位置设置有消防管道，在泄压机构致动时，泄压机构排出的排放物可以破坏该消防管道，以使得消防管道内容纳的消防介质流出并流向泄压机构，以对电池单体进行降温；同时，通过固定件将消防管道固定在约束构件朝向消防管道的表面上，可以防止在位于端部的电池单体的泄压机构致动后将消防管道冲飞，导致消防介质排出后无法进入端部的电池单体的内部，从而使得端部的电池单体可以得到及时消防，提高了电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该固定件包括限位结构和连接结构，该限位结构用于对该消防管道进行限位，该连接结构用于与该约束构件固定连接。
在该实施例中，通过限位结构对消防管道进行限位，并通过连接结构将消防管道固定在约束构件朝向消防管道的表面上，可以避免当电池所处的用电装置(例如：电动车辆)等处于运动状态时，消防管道的位置发生变化。同时，可以避免在端部的电池单体的泄压机构致动时将消防管道冲飞，导致消防介质排出后无法进入端部的电池单体的内部，从而在电池发生热失控时，电池可以得到及时消防，提高了电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该限位结构包括相互卡接的第一限位部和第二限位部，该第一限位部和该第二限位部共同限定出沿该第一方向的通孔，该消防管道被配置为穿过该通孔且与该通孔的内壁抵接，以实现对该消防管道的限位。
在该实施例中，通过将消防管道设置在通孔内，可以实现对消防管道的限位，尤其是对消防管道在第三方向上的限位，可以避免在电池单体的泄压机构致动时将消防管道冲飞，该第三方向垂直于第一方向。另外，由于形成该通孔的第一限位部和第二限位部之间是卡接连接，有利于消防管道的装配和拆卸。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第一限位部包括第一凹槽，该第一凹槽的开口朝向该电池单体，该第一凹槽的侧壁设置有第一卡扣，该第二限位部包括第二凹槽，该第二凹槽的开口背离该电池单体，该第二凹槽的侧壁设置有第二卡扣，该第一凹槽与该第二凹槽相对设置以形成该通孔，该第一卡扣和该第二卡扣相互配合以实现该第一限位部和该第二限位部的卡接连接。
在该实施例中，通过将第一限位部的第一凹槽和第二限位部的第二凹槽相对设置以形成用于容纳消防管道的通孔，从而可以实现对消防管道的限位，可以避免在电池单体的泄压机构致动时将消防管道冲飞。另外，通过在第一凹槽和第二凹槽的侧壁设置相互配合的第一卡扣和第二卡扣，可以实现第一限位部和第二限位部的卡接连接，有利于消防管道的装配和拆卸。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第一卡扣和该第二卡扣包括相对应的倾斜面，该倾斜面用于引导该第一卡扣和该第二卡扣相互配合。
在该实施例中，第一卡扣的倾斜面和第二卡扣的倾斜面可以引导第一卡扣和第二卡扣相互配合，便于第一限位部和第二限位部之间实现卡接连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第一限位部的第一端和该第二限位部一体连接，该第一限位部的第二端与该第二限位部卡接连接，该第一限位部被配置为在该第一端与该第二限位部的连接处能够弯折。
在该实施例中，将第一限位部和第二限位部的一端采用一体连接，另一端采用卡接连接，一方面可以便于装配和拆卸，另一方面能够提高固定件的结构稳定性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该限位结构还包括第三限位部，该第三限位部用于限定该消防管道在该第一方向的位置。
在该实施例中，通过在限位结构中增加第三限位部，可以对消防管道在第一方向上进行限位，进一步地可以增加消防管道的安装稳定性，从而可以克服由于消防管道在热失控发生时的位置变化所产生的消防不及时的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第三限位部包括相连的支撑部和阻挡部，该支撑部用于支撑该消防管道的端部，该阻挡部用于阻挡该消防管道沿该第一方向移动。
在该实施例中，采用支撑部支撑消防管道的端部，可以避免消防管道的端部沿第三方向晃动；采用阻挡部阻挡消防管道沿第一方向移动，可以避免消防管道沿第一方向进行晃动，因此，采用支撑部和阻挡部构成的第三限位部，可以提高消防管道的安装稳定性，从而可以提高电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该固定件还包括弹片，连接于该通孔的内壁，该弹片用于使该消防管道与该通孔过盈配合。
在该实施例中，由于消防管道在不同工况下，其厚度可能会发生变化，在用于容纳消防管道的通孔的内部上设置弹片，可以在消防管道膨胀时起到减震作用，从而在消防管道膨胀时，可以避免消防管道带动第一限位部运动，从而保证了固定件的固定效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该弹片为弧形结构，该弹片的两端均连接于该通孔的内壁；或者该弹片的一端连接于该通孔的内壁，该弹片的另一端与该通孔的内壁分隔设置。
例如，该弹片为半圆形结构或者翅形结构。
在该实施例中，半圆形结构的弹片，结构简单，容易实现。翅形结构的弹片，与消防管道的接触面积小，受力小，在消防管道膨胀时不易带动第一限位部运动，从而能够进一步地保证固定件的固定效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该弹片设置于该通孔的顶壁和/或底壁，且该弹片对称设置。
在该实施例中，将弹片设置在通孔的顶壁和/或底壁，在消防管道沿第三方向上膨胀时，可以避免消防管道带动第一限位部运动，从而保证了固定件的固定效果。同时，将弹片对称设置，可以在消防管道膨胀时，使得位于通孔中的消防管道沿第二方向的两端受力均衡，从而可以更好地保证固定件的固定效果，该第二方向垂直于第一方向和第三方向。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该连接结构与该约束构件相互卡接；或者，该连接结构与该约束构件通过紧固件固定连接。
第二方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：第一方面的电池，该电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
第三方面，提供了一种制备电池的方法，包括：提供多个电池单体，该多个电池单体沿第一方向排列，该电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构用于在该电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力；提供消防管道，用于容纳消防介质，该消防管道被配置为在该泄压机构致动时排出该消防介质；提供约束构件，设置于该多个电池单体沿该第一方向的端部，该约束构件用于在该第一方向上对该多个电池单体进行约束；提供固定件，连接于该约束构件朝向该消防管道的表面上，且该固定件用于固定该消防管道。
第四方面，提供了一种制备电池的装置，包括：提供模块，用于：提供多个电池单体，该多个电池单体沿第一方向排列，该电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构用于在该电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力；提供消防管道，用于容纳消防介质，该消防管道被配置为在该泄压机构致动时排出该消防介质；提供约束构件，设置于该多个电池单体沿该第一方向的端部，该约束构件用于在该第一方向上对该多个电池单体进行约束；提供固定件，连接于该约束构件朝向该消防管道的表面上，且该固定件用于固定该消防管道。
基于以上技术方案，电池可以包括多个电池单体，且该电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构可以在电池单体内部温度或者压力超过阈值时致动，以泄放内部压力；在与泄压机构对应的位置设置有消防管道，在泄压机构致动时，泄压机构排出的排放物可以破坏该消防管道，以使得消防管道内容纳的消防介质流出并流向泄压机构，以对电池单体进行降温；同时，通过固定件将消防管道固定在约束构件朝向消防管道的表面上，可以防止在位于端部的电池单体的泄压机构致动后将消防管道冲飞，导致消防介质排出后无法进入端部的电池单体的内部，从而使得端部的电池单体可以得到及时消防，提高了电池的安全性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的分解结构示意图。
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的结构示意图。
图4是本申请实施例公开的电池的结构示意图。
图5是图4中A部分的局部放大示意图。
图6是本申请实施例公开的固定件的一种结构示意图。
图7是本申请实施例公开的固定件的一种截面示意图。
图8是本申请实施例公开的固定件的另一种结构示意图。
图9是本申请实施例公开的固定件的另一种截面示意图。
图10是本申请实施例公开的固定件的再一种结构示意图。
图11是本申请实施例公开的固定件的再一种结构示意图。
图12是本申请实施例公开的固定件的再一种结构示意图。
图13是本申请实施例公开的固定件的再一种结构示意图。
图14是本申请实施例公开的固定件的再一种结构示意图。
图15是本申请实施例公开的电池的一种截面示意图。
图16是本申请实施例公开的电池的另一种截面示意图。
图17是本申请实施例公开的电池的再一种截面示意图。
图18是图17中B部分的局部放大示意图。
图19是本申请实施例公开的制备电池的方法的示意性框图。
图20是本申请实施例公开的制备电池的装置的示意性框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供电能的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
可选地，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(Polypropylene，PP)或聚乙烯(Polyethylene，PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池单体来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，为了提高电池的安全性能，对电池单体一般会设置泄压机构。泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该预定阈值可以根据设计需求不同而进行调整。所述预定阈值可取决于电池单体中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如对压力敏感或温度敏感的元件或部件，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构致动，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作，从而使得电池单体的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、被撕裂或者熔化，等等。泄压机构在致动后，电池单体内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从泄压机构向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当电池单体发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
目前的泄压机构设计方案中，主要关注将电池单体内部的高压和高热释放，即将所述排放物排出到电池单体外部。高温高压的排放物朝向电池单体设置泄压机构的方向排放，并且可更具体地沿朝向泄压机构致动的区域的方向排放，这种排放物的威 力和破坏力可能很大，甚至可能足以冲破在该方向上的一个或多个结构，造成进一步的安全问题。
鉴于此，本申请的实施例提供了一种技术方案，在电池单体的泄压机构的对应位置处设置消防管道，利用泄压机构致动时，从电池单体内排出的排放物穿过并破坏该消防管道，以使得消防管道内的消防介质从消防管道被破坏的地方排出，对泄压机构排出的排放物进行冷却降温，降低排放物的危险性，从而能够增强电池的安全性。
本申请实施例中的消防管道用于容纳消防介质，这里的消防介质可以为流体，该流体可以是液体或气体。在泄压机构未破坏该消防管道的情况下，该消防管道中可以不容纳任何物质，而在泄压机构致动的情况下，使得消防管道中容纳消防介质，例如，可以通过开关阀门控制消防介质进入至消防管道中。或者，在泄压机构未被破坏的情况下，该消防管道中也可以始终容纳有消防介质，该消防介质还可以用于调节电池单体的温度。调节温度是指给多个电池单体加热或者冷却。在给电池单体冷却或降温的情况下，该消防管道用于容纳冷却流体以给多个电池单体降低温度，此时，消防管道也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却管道等，其容纳的消防介质也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体。可选的，所述消防介质可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，消防介质可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
虽然设置了消防管道，但是电池在发生热失控时仍然面临着不能得到及时消防的问题，主要原因在于在电池发生热失控时消防管道的位置发生了变化，进而使得消防管道不能及时向热失控部位提供消防作用，即消防管道固定不牢靠。
在一些相关技术中，会利用支架将消防管道安装于电池单体中泄压机构所在的壁。例如，在电池单体中泄压机构所在的壁上设置支架，消防管道设置于支架上，且与泄压机构对应设置。但是，在该技术方案中，在位于端部的电池单体的泄压机构致动后仍然会将消防管道冲飞，导致消防介质排出后无法进入端部的电池单体的内部，因此，仍然会对电池的安全性造成一定的影响。
鉴于此，本申请提供一种电池，将消防管道通过固定件固定位于电池单体端部的约束构件的表面，可以防止在位于端部的电池单体的泄压机构致动后将其上方的消防管道冲飞，从而使得消防介质排出后能够进入端部的电池单体内部，即位于端部的电池单体能够得到及时消防，从而提升电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池的装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，图1示出了本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体(或称罩体)，箱体内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据多个电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体内。
可选地，箱体可以包括两个端板、两个侧板、一个底板和一个顶盖板，该两个端板、两个侧板围合形成具有两个开口的腔体，顶盖板和底板分别盖合该两个开口形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体20分组设置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。
图3示出了本申请一个实施例的电池单体20的结构示意图。
如图3所示，电池单体20包括一个或多个电极组件22、壳体211和盖板212。壳体211的壁以及盖板212均称为电池单体20的壁。壳体211根据一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。盖板212覆盖开口并且与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体20还可以包括两个电极端子214，两个电极端子214可以设置在盖板212上。盖板212通常是平板形状，两个电极端子214固定在盖板212的平板面上，两个电极端子214分别为正电极端子214a和负电极端子214b。每个电极端子214各对应设置一个连接构件23，或者也可以称为集流构件，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图3所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a。第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳221a为正极极耳时，第二极耳222a为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221a通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222a通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子连接。例如，正电极端子214a通过一个连接构件23与正极极耳连接，负电极端子214b通过另一个连接构件23与负极极耳连接。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或多个，如图3所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22。
作为示例，电池单体20的一个壁上还可设置泄压机构213。泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
可选地，在本申请另一个实施例中，泄压机构213和电极端子214设置于电池单体20的同一壁。例如，如图3所示，电极端子214和泄压机构213均可设置于电池单体20的顶壁，即盖板212。
将泄压机构213和电极端子214设置于电池单体20的同一壁上，例如设置于电池单体20的盖板212，可以方便泄压机构213和电极端子214的加工和安装，有利于提高电池10的生产效率。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，泄压机构213和电极端子214设置于电池单体20的不同壁。例如，电池单体20的电极端子214可设置于电池单体20的顶壁，即盖板212。泄压机构213设置于电池单体20中不同于顶壁的另一个壁，例如，泄压机构213设置于与顶壁相对的底壁。
上述泄压机构213可以为其所在壁的一部分，也可以与其所在壁为分体式结构，通过例如焊接的方式固定在其所在壁上。例如，在图3所示实施例中，当泄压机构213为底壁的一部分时，泄压机构213可以通过在底壁上设置刻痕的方式形成，与该刻痕的对应的底壁厚度小于泄压机构213除刻痕处其他区域的厚度。刻痕处是泄压机构213最薄弱的位置。当电池单体20产生的气体太多使得壳体211内部压力升高并达到阈值或电池单体20内部反应产生热量造成电池单体20内部温度升高并达到阈值时，泄压机构213可以在刻痕处发生破裂而导致壳体211内外相通，气体压力及温度通过泄压机构213的裂开向外释放，进而避免电池单体20发生爆炸。
另外，泄压机构213可以为各种可能的泄压机构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。例如，泄压机构213可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构213可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
图4示出了本申请实施例的电池10的一种示意性结构图。如图4所示，该电池10包括沿第一方向X排列的多个电池单体20，每个电池单体20均包括泄压机构213，该泄压机构213用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力。
可选地，该泄压机构213可以设置在电池单体20的任意位置。这里假设电池单体20为如图4所示的长方体，则泄压机构213可以设置在该长方体的任意一个壁上。例如，泄压机构213可以设置在图4所示的每个电池单体20的最上方的壁，即泄压机构213和电池单体20的电极端子214可以设置在同一壁上。为了便于说明，本申请实施例都以泄压机构213和电池单体20的电极端子214设置在同一壁上的结构为例进行描述。
进一步地，该电池10还包括约束构件14，该约束构件14设置于多个电池单体20沿第一方向X的端部，该约束构件14用于在第一方向X上对多个电池单体20进行约束。
可选地，该电池10可以包括箱体，箱体用于容纳多个电池单体20。箱体可以包括沿第一方向X设置的约束构件14。也就是说，约束构件14可以垂直于第一方向X。例如，该约束构件14可以是电池10的端板和/或分隔粱，其中，端板设置在电池10沿第一方向X的两端，而分隔粱设置在两个端板之间，并将箱体分隔为多个容纳腔。进一步地，该箱体还可以包括两个侧板，该两个侧板用于在第二方向Y上对多个电池单体20进行约束，第二方向Y垂直于第一方向X。该两个侧板和两个端板依次首尾相连围合成用于容纳多个电池单体20的空腔。
如图4所示，该电池10还可以包括消防管道13，用于容纳消防介质，该消防管道13被配置为在泄压机构213致动时排出内部容纳的消防介质，该消防介质可以快速冷却降温。应理解，本申请实施例中的消防管道13设置的位置与泄压机构213的位置相关，即消防管道13设置在泄压机构213的对应位置。例如，如图4所示，消防管道13设置在泄压机构213所在的电池单体20的壁的上方且正对泄压机构213。消防管道13可以至少部分覆盖该泄压机构213，这样，在泄压机构213致动时，喷出的排放物可以破坏该消防管道13，从而使得消防管道13内的消防介质可以通过泄压机构213流入至发生热失控的电池单体20内。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，第一方向X实质上也是消防管道13的延伸方向。
另外，本申请实施例中的电池10还可以包括固定件15，连接于约束构件14朝向消防管道13的表面上，且该固定件15用于固定消防管道13。
具体地，图5示出了图4中的A部分的局部放大图。如图5所示，约束构件14包括第一表面141，可选地，该第一表面141平行于电池单体20的泄压机构213所在的壁，该第一表面141朝向消防管道13，消防管道13通过固定件15固定在该第一表面141上。
因此，本申请实施例的电池10，可以包括多个电池单体20，且该电池单体20设置有泄压机构213，该泄压机构213可以在电池单体20内部温度或者压力超过阈值时致动，以泄放内部压力；在与泄压机构213对应的位置设置有消防管道13，在泄压机构213致动时，泄压机构213排出的排放物可以破坏该消防管道13，以使得消防管道13内容纳的消防介质流出并流向泄压机构213，以对电池单体20进行降温；同时，通过固定件15将消防管道13固定在约束构件14朝向消防管道13的第一表面141上，可以防止在位于端部的电池单体20的泄压机构213致动后将消防管道13冲飞，导致消防介质排出后无法进入端部的电池单体20的内部，从而使得端部的电池单体20可以得到及时消防，提高了电池10的安全性能。
应理解，在电池10包括数量较多的电池单体20的情况下，多个电池单体20可以呈阵列排列，例如，如图4所示的电池10包括2*13个电池单体20。也就是说，沿第一方向X排列13个电池单体，沿第二方向Y排列2个电池单体。对应的，设置在电池单体20上方的消防管道13也可以设置为相应的形状。例如，对于电池10中沿第一方向X排列的任意一列电池单体20，消防管道13可以设置在电池单体20上方的一个直线型的连通管道，并通过一组阀门进行控制。再例如，对于电池10中沿第一方向X排列的任意相邻的两列电池单体20，为了节省空间以及便于控制，消防管道13可以设置为具有一个弯折的U型连通管道，并通过一组阀门控制。类似的，对于电池10包括的沿第一方向X排列的任意相邻的三列电池单体20，消防管道13还可以设置为具 有两个折弯的S型连通管道，并通过一组阀门进行控制。依此类推，对于电池10包括的沿第一方向X排列的任意相邻的三列以上的电池单体20，可以设置为一个具有更多个折弯的曲线型连通管道，从而通过一组阀门进行控制，或者也可以设置为通过多组阀门分别控制的多个连通管道，例如，该多个连通管道可以包括直线型管道、U型管道和S型管道中的至少一种，本申请实施例并不限于此。为了便于说明，本申请实施例中以消防管道13为直线型管道为例进行描述。
本申请实施例中的一组阀门包括进口阀门和/或出口阀门，进口阀门用于向消防管道13中填充消防介质，相反的，出口阀门用于向外排出消防介质，例如，同时设置有进口阀门和出口阀门可以实现消防管道13内消防介质的循环，使得消防管道13在未被坏时，还可以用于冷却或者加热。另外，阀门的位置可以根据实际应用进行设置。
可选地，如图6所示，该固定件15包括限位结构151和连接结构152，限位结构151用于对消防管道13进行限位，连接结构152用于与约束构件14固定连接。
可选地，限位结构151和连接结构152可以一体成型。或者，限位结构151和连接结构152可以是独立的部件，并固定连接在一起。
通过限位结构151对消防管道13进行限位，并通过连接结构152将消防管道13固定在约束构件14的第一表面141上，可以避免当电池10所处的用电装置(例如：电动车辆)等处于运动状态时，消防管道13的位置发生变化。同时，可以避免在位于端部的电池单体20的泄压机构致动时将消防管道13冲飞，导致消防介质排出后无法进入端部的电池单体20的内部，从而在电池10发生热失控时，电池10可以得到及时消防，提高了电池10的安全性能。
如图7所示，该限位结构151包括相互卡接的第一限位部153和第二限位154，该第一限位部153和第二限位部154共同限定出沿第一方向X的通孔1511，该消防管道13被配置为穿过该通孔1511且与该通孔1511的内壁抵接，以实现对消防管道13的限位。
可选地，如图7所示，该通孔1511可以具有封闭的内壁。该通孔1511的内壁可以环绕消防管道13的外周，该通孔1511的形状依据该消防管道的外周的形状而定。该通孔1511除了用于容纳消防管道13之外，还用于限定消防管道在第二方向Y和/或第三方向Z的位置。其中，第一方向X、第二方向Y和第三方向Z之间相互垂直。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，消防管道13与通孔1511的内壁抵接，可以是指消防管道13与通孔1511的内壁接触，也可以是指消防管道13与通孔1511的内壁之间具有一定的间隙，以使得消防管道13在膨胀时与通孔1511的内壁抵接且不会带动固定件15的运动。
通过将消防管道13设置在通孔1511内，可以实现对消防管道13的限位，尤其是对消防管道13在第三方向Z上的限位，可以避免在电池单体20的泄压机构213致动时将消防管道13冲飞。另外，由于形成该通孔1511的第一限位部153和第二限位部154之间是卡接连接，有利于消防管道13的装配和拆卸。
进一步地，参见图7，该第一限位部153包括第一凹槽155，该第一凹槽155的开口朝向电池单体20，该第一凹槽155的侧壁设置有第一卡扣158，该第二限位部154包括第二凹槽156，该第二凹槽156的开口背离电池单体20，第二凹槽156的侧壁设置有第二卡扣157，该第一凹槽155和该第二凹槽156相对设置以形成通孔1511，该第一卡扣158和该第二卡扣157相互配合以实现该第一限位部153和该第二限位部154的卡接连接。
可选地，该第一凹槽155的外侧壁设置有第一卡扣158，该第二凹槽156的内侧壁设置有第二卡扣157，在第一卡扣158和第二卡扣157卡接时，第二凹槽156的侧壁包覆第一凹槽155的侧壁。或者，该第一凹槽155的内侧壁设置有第一卡扣158，该第二凹槽156的外侧壁设置有第二卡扣157，在第一卡扣158和第二卡扣157卡接时，第一凹槽155的侧壁包覆第二凹槽156的侧壁。再或者，当第一凹槽155和第二凹槽156的两端都通过第一卡扣158和第二卡扣157卡接连接时，第一凹槽155的一端的内侧壁设置有第一卡扣158，位于同一端的第二凹槽156的外侧壁设置有第二卡扣157；第一凹槽155的另一端的外侧壁设置有第一卡扣158，位于同一端的第二凹槽156的内侧壁设置有第二卡扣157。
通过将第一限位部153的第一凹槽155和第二限位部154的第二凹槽156相对设置以形成用于容纳消防管道13的通孔1511，从而可以实现对消防管道13的限位，可以避免在电池单体20的泄压机构213致动时将消防管道13冲飞。另外，通过在第一凹槽155和第二凹槽156的侧壁设置相互配合的第一卡扣158和第二卡扣157，可以实现第一限位部153和第二限位部154的卡接连接，有利于消防管道13的装配和拆卸。
继续参见图7，该第一卡扣158包括第一倾斜面158a，该第二卡扣157包括第二倾斜面157a，该第一倾斜面158a和该第二倾斜面157a相对应，并且该第一倾斜面158a和该第二倾斜面157a用于引导第一卡扣158和第二卡扣157相互配合。
具体地，该第一倾斜面158a倾斜于第一表面141，该第二倾斜面157a倾斜于第一表面141。可选地，该第一倾斜面158a可以平行于该第二倾斜面157a。
第一倾斜面158a和第二倾斜面157a可以引导第一卡扣158和第二卡扣157相互配合，便于第一限位部153和第二限位部154之间实现卡接连接。
可选地，该第一卡扣158可以包括垂直于第三方向Z的第一面和垂直于第二方向Y的第二面，第一倾斜面158a连接该第一面和该第二面。类似地，该第二卡扣157可以包括垂直于第三方向Z的第三面和垂直于第二方向Y的第四面，第二倾斜面157a连接该第三面和该第四面。第一倾斜面158a沿着第二倾斜面157a向朝着电池单体20的方向滑动，使得第一面和第三面完全接触，这样，当电池单体20的泄压机构213致动时，由于第一面阻挡了第三面，使得消防管道13无法在第三方向Z上冲破第一限位部153，从而可以实现对消防管道13的限位。
可选地，如图7所示，该第一限位部153在第二方向Y的第一端和第二限位部154一体连接，该第一限位部在第二方向Y的第二端与第二限位部154卡接连接，并且该第一限位部153被配置为在第一端与该第二限位部154的连接处能够弯折。
将第一限位部153和第二限位部154的一端采用一体连接，另一端采用卡接连接，一方面可以便于装配和拆卸，另一方面能够提高固定件15的结构稳定性。
在本申请另一种实施例中，该第二限位部154可以包括第二凹槽156，该第二凹槽156的开口背离电池单体20；而该第一限位部153可以呈平板状，该第一限位部153盖合该第二凹槽156的开口以形成该通孔1511，该第一限位部153和该第二限位部154可以采用紧固件连接，例如，铆钉或螺栓。
可选地，如图8所示，该限位结构151还包括第三限位部159，该第三限位部159用于限定消防管道13在第一方向X的位置。
通过在限位结构151中增加第三限位部159，可以对消防管道13在第一方向X上进行限位，进一步地可以增加消防管道13的安装稳定性，从而可以克服由于消防管道13在热失控发生时的位置变化所产生的消防不及时的问题。
进一步地，如图9所示，该第三限位部159包括支撑部1591和阻挡部1592，该支撑部1591和该阻挡部1592相连。该支撑部1591用于支撑消防管道13的端部，该阻挡部1592用于阻挡消防管道13沿第一方向X移动。
可选地，该支撑部1591可以与通孔1511的底壁相连，并且位于同一平面。换句话说，该支撑部1591为通孔1511的底壁沿第一方向X的延伸部。该阻挡部1592可以垂直于支撑部1591，并且该阻挡部1592垂直于第一方向X。也就是说，该支撑部1591和该阻挡部1592呈L型结构。
采用支撑部1591支撑消防管道13的端部，可以避免消防管道13的端部沿第三方向Z晃动；采用阻挡部1592阻挡消防管道13沿第一方向X移动，可以避免消防管道13沿第一方向X进行晃动，因此，采用支撑部1591和阻挡部1592构成的第三限位部159，可以提高消防管道13的安装稳定性，从而可以提高电池10的安全性能。
应理解，该消防管道13的端部可以抵靠阻挡部1592，也可以与阻挡部1592之间具有一定的间隙，该间隙的存在并不会影响发生热失控时，消防管道13的消防及时性。
可选地，如图10所示，该固定件15还包括弹片1512，该弹片1512连接于通孔1511的内壁，该弹片1512用于使消防管道13与通孔1511过盈配合。
由于消防管道13在不同工况下，其厚度可能会发生变化，在用于容纳消防管道13的通孔1511的内壁上设置弹片1512，可以在消防管道13膨胀时起到减震作用，从而在消防管道13膨胀时，可以避免消防管道13带动第一限位部153运动，从而保证了固定件15的固定效果。
可选地，如图10所示，该弹片1512为弧形结构，并且该弹片1512的两端均连接于通孔1511的内壁。也就是说，该弹片1512为半圆形结构。
半圆形结构的弹片1512，结构简单，容易实现。
可选地，如图11至图14所示，该弹片1512为弧形结构，并且该弹片1512的一端连接于通孔1511的内壁，而弹片1512的另一端与通孔1511的内壁分隔设置，即该弹片1512为翅形结构。
翅形结构的弹片1512，与消防管道13的接触面积小，受力小，在消防管道13膨胀时不易带动第一限位部153运动，从而能够进一步地保证固定件15的固定效果。
如图10至图14所示，该弹片1512可以设置在通孔1511的顶壁1511a和/或底壁1511b，通孔1511的顶壁1511a可以是第一凹槽155的底壁，而通孔1511的底壁1511b可以是第二凹槽156的底壁，该通孔1511的顶壁1511a和底壁1511b沿第三方向Z相对设置。
将弹片1512设置在通孔1511的顶壁1511a和/或底壁1511b，在消防管道13沿第三方向Z上膨胀时，可以避免消防管道13带动第一限位部153运动，从而保证了固定件15的固定效果。
可选地，该翅形结构的弹片1512可以成对设置，并且是对称设置的。例如，如图11至图14所示，该固定件15包括两个翅形结构的弹片1512，该两个弹片1512对称设置。并且在图11中，该两个弹片1512设置在通孔1511的顶壁1511a，并且该两个弹片1512朝向背离的方向弯曲。在图12中，该两个弹片1512设置在通孔1511的底壁1511b，并且该两个弹片1512朝向靠近的方向弯曲。在图13中，该两个弹片1512设置在通孔1511的底壁1511b，并且该两个弹片1512朝向背离的方向弯曲。在图14中，该两个弹片1512设置在通孔1511的顶壁1511a，并且该两个弹片1512朝向靠近的方向弯曲。
将弹片1512对称设置，可以在消防管道膨胀时，使得位于通孔1511中的消防管道13沿第二方向Y的两端受力均衡，从而可以更好地保证固定件15的固定效果。
可选地，该连接结构152和约束构件14可以通过紧固件16固定连接，例如，如图15所示，该紧固件16为铆钉或螺栓。
可选地，如图16所示，该连接结构152包括倒刺结构1521，该第一表面141上设置有与该倒刺结构1521配合的配合孔。
可选地，该连接结构152与该约束构件14可以相互卡接。例如，如图17所示，该第一表面142设置有卡槽结构142，该连接结构152卡在该卡槽结构142的两个壁之间，以实现与约束构件14的相互卡接。
具体地，图18示出了图17中B部分的局部放大图。如图18所示，该卡槽结构142包括沿第二方向Y设置的第一卡槽壁1421和第二卡槽壁1423，其中，第一卡槽壁1421垂直于第二方向Y，在第二方向Y上，第一卡槽壁1421与第二卡槽壁1423相比远离通孔1512。连接结构152包括第三凹槽1522，该第三凹槽1522的开口朝向电池单体20，该第三凹槽1522的侧壁设置有沿第二方向Y并且远离通孔1511弯折的弯折部1523，该弯折部1523夹持在第一卡槽壁1421和第二卡槽壁1423之间，以限定固定件15沿第二方向Y移动。
进一步地，该第一卡槽壁1421的顶部设置有沿第二方向Y并且靠近通孔1511凸出的凸起结构1422，该弯折部1523设置于该卡槽结构142的底壁与该凸起1422之间，以限定固定件15沿第三方向Z移动。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，该第二卡槽壁1423可以垂直于第二方向Y，也可以不垂直于第二方向Y，其可以根据第三凹槽1522的形状而定。例如，第三凹槽1522的侧壁垂直于其底壁，则第二卡槽壁1423可以垂直于第二方向Y。再例如，该第三凹槽1522的侧壁不垂直于其底壁，则第二卡槽壁1423也可以不垂直于第二方向Y。
还应理解，本申请实施例的第二限位部154和连接结构152可以一体成型。例如，该第二限位部154的第二凹槽156的底壁为连接结构152的第三凹槽1522的底壁。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置可以包括前述各实施例中的电池10，该电池10用于为该用电装置提供电能。
可选地，用电装置可以为车辆1、船舶或航天器。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池和用电装置，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池的方法和装置，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图19示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的方法300的示意性流程图。该电池可以是上述各种实施例提供的电池10，如图19所示，该方法300可以包括：
S310，提供多个电池单体20。
在一种实施例中，该多个电池单体20可以沿第一方向X排列，该电池单体20设置有泄压机构213，该泄压机构213用于在该电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力。
S320，提供消防管道13。
在一种实施例中，该消防管道13用于容纳消防介质，该消防管道13被配置为在该泄压机构213致动时排出该消防介质。
S330，提供约束构件14。
在一种实施例中，该约束构件14设置于多个电池单体20沿该第一方向X的端部，该约束构件14用于在第一方向X上对该多个电池单体20进行约束。
可选地，该约束构件14为电池10的箱体中的端板，或者，该约束构件14为电池10的箱体中的分隔粱。
S340，提供固定件15。
在一种实施例中，该固定件15连接于约束构件14朝向消防管道13的表面上，且该固定件15用于固定该消防管道13。
图20示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的装置400的示意性框图。该电池可以是上述各种实施例提供的电池100，如图20所示，制备电池的装置400可以包括：提供模块410。
该提供模块410用于：提供多个电池单体20，该多个电池单体20沿第一方向X排列，该电池单体20设置有泄压机构213，该泄压机构213用于在该电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放该内部压力；
该提供模块410还用于：提供消防管道13，用于容纳消防介质，该消防管道13被配置为在该泄压机构213致动时排出该消防介质；
该提供模块410还用于：提供约束构件14，设置于该多个电池单体20沿该第一方向X的端部，该约束构件14用于在该第一方向X上对该多个电池单体20进行约束；
该提供模块410还用于：提供固定件14，连接于该约束构件14朝向该消防管道13的表面上，且该固定件15用于固定该消防管道13。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池(10)，其特征在于，包括：
    沿第一方向(X)排列的多个电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)设置有泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    消防管道(13)，用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道(13)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时排出所述消防介质；
    约束构件(14)，设置于所述多个电池单体(20)沿所述第一方向(X)的端部，所述约束构件(14)用于在所述第一方向(X)上对所述多个电池单体(20)进行约束；
    固定件(15)，连接于所述约束构件(14)朝向所述消防管道(13)的表面(141)上，且所述固定件(15)用于固定所述消防管道(13)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述固定件(15)包括限位结构(151)和连接结构(152)，所述限位结构(151)用于对所述消防管道(13)进行限位，所述连接结构(152)用于与所述约束构件(14)固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述限位结构(151)包括相互卡接的第一限位部(153)和第二限位部(154)，所述第一限位部(153)和所述第二限位部(154)共同限定出沿所述第一方向(X)的通孔(1511)，所述消防管道(13)被配置为穿过所述通孔(1511)且与所述通孔(1511)的内壁抵接，以实现对所述消防管道(13)的限位。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述第一限位部(153)包括第一凹槽(155)，所述第一凹槽(155)的开口朝向所述电池单体(20)，所述第一凹槽(155)的侧壁设置有第一卡扣(158)，所述第二限位部(154)包括第二凹槽(156)，所述第二凹槽(156)的开口背离所述电池单体(20)，所述第二凹槽(156)的侧壁设置有第二卡扣(157)，所述第一凹槽(155)与所述第二凹槽(156)相对设置以形成所述通孔(1511)，所述第一卡扣(158)和所述第二卡扣(157)相互配合以实现所述第一限位部(153)和所述第二限位部(154)的卡接连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述第一卡扣(158)和所述第二卡扣(157)包括相对应的倾斜面，所述倾斜面用于引导所述第一卡扣(158)和所述第二卡扣(157)相互配合。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述第一限位部(153)的第一端和所述第二限位部(154)一体连接，所述第一限位部(153)的第二端与所述第二限位部(154)卡接连接，所述第一限位部(153)被配置为在所述第一端与所述第二限位部(154)的连接处能够弯折。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述限位结构(151)还包括第三限位部(159)，所述第三限位部(159)用于限定所述消防管道(13)在所述第一方向(X)的位置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述第三限位部(159)包括 相连的支撑部(1591)和阻挡部(1592)，所述支撑部(1591)用于支撑所述消防管道(13)的端部，所述阻挡部(1592)用于阻挡所述消防管道(13)沿所述第一方向(X)移动。
  9. 根据权利要求3至8中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述固定件(15)还包括弹片(1512)，连接于所述通孔(1511)的内壁，所述弹片(1512)用于使所述消防管道(13)与所述通孔(1511)过盈配合。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述弹片(1512)为弧形结构，所述弹片(1512)的两端均连接于所述通孔(1511)的内壁；或者
    所述弹片(1512)的一端连接于所述通孔(1511)的内壁，所述弹片(1512)的另一端与所述通孔(1511)的内壁分隔设置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述弹片(1512)设置于所述通孔(1511)的顶壁(1511a)和/或底壁(1511b)，且所述弹片(1512)对称设置。
  12. 根据权利要求2至11中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述连接结构(152)与所述约束构件(14)相互卡接；或者
    所述连接结构(152)与所述约束构件(14)通过紧固件(16)固定连接。
  13. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电池(10)，所述电池(10)用于向所述用电装置提供电能。
  14. 一种制备电池(10)的方法(300)，其特征在于，包括：
    提供(S310)多个电池单体(20)，所述多个电池单体(20)沿第一方向(X)排列，所述电池单体(20)设置有泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供(S320)消防管道(13)，用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道(13)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时排出所述消防介质；
    提供(S330)约束构件(14)，设置于所述多个电池单体(20)沿所述第一方向(X)的端部，所述约束构件(14)用于在所述第一方向(X)上对所述多个电池单体(20)进行约束；
    提供(S340)固定件(15)，连接于所述约束构件(14)朝向所述消防管道(13)的表面(141)上，且所述固定件(15)用于固定所述消防管道(13)。
  15. 一种制备电池(10)的装置(400)，其特征在于，包括：
    提供模块(410)，用于：
    提供多个电池单体(20)，所述多个电池单体(20)沿第一方向(X)排列，所述电池单体(20)设置有泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供消防管道(13)，用于容纳消防介质，所述消防管道(13)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时排出所述消防介质；
    提供约束构件(14)，设置于所述多个电池单体(20)沿所述第一方向(X)的端部，所述约束构件(14)用于在所述第一方向(X)上对所述多个电池单体(20)进行 约束；
    提供固定件(15)，连接于所述约束构件(14)朝向所述消防管道(13)的表面(141)上，且所述固定件(15)用于固定所述消防管道(13)。
PCT/CN2021/134386 2021-11-30 2021-11-30 电池、用电装置以及制备电池的方法和装置 Ceased WO2023097444A1 (zh)

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