WO2023101313A1 - 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 - Google Patents
라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention is an additive composite that can prevent chemical deterioration of a polymer electrolyte membrane and a method for manufacturing the same, and compared to conventional radical scavengers, stability is improved to prevent cracking, performance degradation, and durability degradation, and loss of additives is prevented.
- the present invention relates to a radical scavenger complex having long-term maintenance of additive performance and improved performance and durability from nanostructures, a method for preparing the same, and a fuel cell including the same.
- a fuel cell is a cell that directly converts chemical energy generated by oxidation of a fuel into electrical energy, and is attracting attention as a next-generation energy source due to its high energy efficiency and low pollutant emission.
- a fuel cell generally has a structure in which an anode and a cathode are formed on both sides of an electrolyte membrane, and such a structure is called a membrane electrode assembly (MEA).
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- Fuel cells can be classified into alkaline electrolyte fuel cells and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) depending on the type of electrolyte membrane. Due to advantages such as over-response characteristics and excellent durability, it is in the limelight as a portable, vehicle, and home power supply.
- PEMFC polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
- a typical example of such a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) using hydrogen gas as fuel.
- PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cell
- the fuel cell In the fuel cell, reactions at the anode and cathode are different, and reactants and reaction by-products are different accordingly, so that one surface and the other surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane are exposed to different environments while the fuel cell is operating.
- the fuel cell is formed as a membrane-electrode assembly of a laminated structure by transferring electrode layers to both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane, a bipolar plate is laminated on the surface, and oxygen and fuel gas flow through a flow path formed in the bipolar plate. It has an injectable structure.
- Radicals generated from electrodes when a fuel cell is operated are known to be a major cause of deterioration of polymer electrolyte membranes.
- hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2
- a hydrogen peroxide radical HO 2
- a hydroxyl radical OH
- the radicals generated in this way are included in the polymer electrolyte membrane and cause deterioration of ionomer having substantially hydrogen ion transportability, thereby reducing the ion conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane and ultimately causing degradation of the performance of the fuel cell.
- a method of adding a radical scavenger, that is, a material that captures radicals, to a polymer electrolyte membrane or an electrode layer to prevent deterioration of the polymer electrolyte membrane and thus deterioration of fuel cell performance has been utilized.
- a radical trapping material is a radical scavenger, and functions to react with radicals and remove radicals before radicals generated in the electrode deteriorate the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the radical scavenger is coated on the surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane or added to the electrode layer in a mixed form.
- the radical scavenger added in the form of particles such as metal particles or metal compounds is eluted during operation of the fuel cell. That is, since the amount of radical scavengers capable of removing radicals is reduced, as the driving time of the fuel cell increases, radical removal is not properly performed, resulting in rapid performance degradation of the fuel cell.
- Korean Patent Publication No. 2020-0130179 suggests a radical scavenger having radical scavenger particles with a porous protective film on the surface, but components such as metal ions formed after the radical scavenger captures radicals. Disclosed is a technology for preventing performance deterioration of a fuel cell by configuring it so that it does not elute out of the protective film.
- the radical scavenger when manufactured in the form of a composite with a protective film formed on the surface, additional processes and costs may be required to manufacture it, so there is a need to develop a technology that can manufacture the composite in a simpler way. .
- Patent Document 0001 Korea Patent Registration No. 1282678
- Patent Document 0002 Korea Patent Registration No. 2044875
- Patent Document 0003 Korea Patent Publication No. 10581099
- Patent Document 0004 Korean Patent Publication No. 2020-0130179
- the present invention is to provide a radical scavenger composite capable of stably functioning in a membrane-electrode assembly and improving performance and durability by preventing cracking and loss of the radical scavenger and a manufacturing method thereof. The purpose.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a radical scavenger complex with improved physical and chemical stability compared to conventional radical scavengers.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a radical scavenger complex with improved stability that can be produced simply and inexpensively.
- a radical scavenger complex comprising a carbon nanotube having a cap structure at one end and a radical scavenger particle positioned within the cap of the closed cap structure.
- the carbon nanotubes may be single-walled carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotube may have a length of 0.3 to 10 ⁇ m (micrometer) and a diameter of 100 nm (nanometer) or less.
- the radical scavenger particles may have a diameter of 3 to 100 nm (nanometers).
- Radical scavenger particles located in the cap may be 55 to 95% by weight based on the total weight of the total radical scavenger complex particles.
- the radical scavenger complex may be used for an electrode in a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell.
- radical scavenger particles to the surface of the substrate; and growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of the radical scavenger particles.
- CNTs carbon nanotubes
- the providing of the radical scavenger particles to the surface of the substrate may include applying a solution containing the radical scavenger particles to the surface of the substrate.
- the step of growing the carbon nanotubes on the surface of the radical scavenger particle may be performed by a tip growth method.
- the step of growing the carbon nanotubes on the surface of the radical scavenger particles may include subjecting the substrate provided with the radical scavenger particles to a first heat treatment; and subjecting the substrate subjected to the first heat treatment to a second heat treatment at a temperature higher than the first heat treatment temperature while supplying a carbon nanotube precursor.
- the first heat treatment step may be performed at a temperature of 200 to 400 °C in an inert gas atmosphere
- the second heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of 500 to 1100 °C in a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas.
- the carbon nanotube precursor may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acetylene, methylacetylene, vinylacetylene, alcohol, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, melamine, cyanamide, and dicyandiamide.
- the carbon nanotube precursor is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acetylene, methylacetylene, vinylacetylene, and alcohol, and may be provided to the second heat treatment step in a gaseous state.
- the carbon nanotube precursor is at least one selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine, porphyrin, melamine, cyanamide, and dicyandiamide, and the carbon nanotube precursor is a second zone spaced apart from the zone where the substrate is located By being heated and vaporized in, it can be provided to the zone where the substrate is located for the second heat treatment step.
- the substrate may be any one selected from the group consisting of a copper (Cu) substrate, an iron (Fe) substrate, a nickel (Ni) substrate, and a silicon (Si) substrate.
- a membrane-electrode assembly including the above-described radical scavenger complex may be provided.
- a fuel cell including the above-described membrane-electrode assembly may be provided.
- the radical scavenger complex according to the present invention can prevent damage to the radical scavenger from external physical and chemical factors, and at the same time, it does not affect the radical scavenger's radical trapping effect, so the radical trapping effect is improved.
- the present invention can produce a radical scavenger complex by a simple method, and has an effect of improving chemical durability without reducing manufacturing efficiency, compared to the case of using the radical scavenger as it is.
- 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a membrane-electrode assembly
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing process of the radical scavenger complex according to the present invention.
- TEM 4 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of the radical scavenger complex prepared according to the present invention.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- “Preferred” or “preferably” as used herein refers to embodiments of the present invention that have particular advantages under particular conditions. However, other embodiments may also be preferred under the same or different conditions. Also, the presence of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor does it exclude other embodiments from being within the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing a radical scavenger complex including a radical scavenger particle and a carbon nano tube (CNT) surrounding the surface of the radical scavenger particle.
- CNT carbon nano tube
- Carbon nanotubes are porous carbon materials that allow radicals generated during battery operation to directly contact and react with radical scavenger particles, while preventing the radical scavenger particles from being physically and chemically damaged within the membrane-electrode assembly. serves to prevent
- the method for producing a radical scavenger complex according to the present invention includes providing radical scavenger particles on the surface of a substrate, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of the radical scavenger particles. ).
- the providing of the radical scavenger particles to the surface of the substrate may include applying a solution containing the radical scavenger particles to the surface of the substrate.
- the step may include forming seeds for radical scavenger particles and applying a solution containing the seeds to the surface of the substrate. The seeds may become radical scavenger particles in a subsequent heat treatment process.
- carbon nanotubes grow into closed-structured carbon nanotubes on the surface of the radical scavenger particles.
- the composite is formed in a form in which radical scavenger particles are located in the closed structure of the carbon nanotube.
- the step of growing the carbon nanotubes is not particularly limited in any way and may be implemented in various ways, but the step of growing the carbon nanotubes on the surface of the radical scavenger particle is performed by a tip growth method. It is desirable to do
- the radical scavenger particles grow in the form of a composite located at the closed cap portion of the carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotube has a closed cap structure at one end, and the radical scavenger complex is located in the cap portion of the closed cap structure of the carbon nanotube, and the radical scavenger particle is located below it. It has a structure in which carbon nanotubes are grown.
- the providing of the radical scavenger particles to the surface of the substrate may include applying a solution containing the radical scavenger particles to the surface of the substrate.
- the application of the solution may be performed by a solution process such as spray application, spin application, or inkjet printing application.
- the solution containing the radical scavenger particles includes at least one solvent selected from water, alcohol, hexane, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, methylpyrrolidine, and mixed solvents thereof as a solvent can do.
- the solution containing the radical scavenger particles may further contain an auxiliary additive such as urea.
- the urea can easily form a seed from the precursor of the radical scavenger particle and enable carbon to be capped on the surface of the radical scavenger particle.
- the step of growing carbon nanotubes on the surface of the radical scavenger particles is, in more detail, the step of first heat treating the substrate provided with the radical scavenger particles on the surface (hereinafter also referred to as the first heat treatment step). ); and subjecting the substrate subjected to the first heat treatment to a second heat treatment at a temperature higher than the first heat treatment temperature while supplying a carbon nanotube precursor (hereinafter, also referred to as a second heat treatment step).
- the first heat treatment step may be performed at a temperature of 200 to 400° C. in an inert gas atmosphere, for example, a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the first heat treatment step may be performed for 1 to 4 hours.
- the second heat treatment step may be performed at a temperature of 500 to 1100° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen and an inert gas, for example, a hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas atmosphere.
- the second heat treatment step may be performed for 1 to 20 minutes.
- the first heat treatment step may be performed at a temperature of 250 to 350 °C for 1.5 to 3.5 hours
- the second heat treatment step may be performed at a temperature of 750 to 1050 °C for 2 to 15 minutes.
- the first heat treatment temperature and the second heat treatment temperature are lower than the above temperatures, there may be problems in that capping and growth of carbon nanotubes do not work well or the density and diameter of carbon nanotubes decrease. At higher levels, there may be problems with urea not being capped with carbon or carbon nanotubes growing excessively.
- the step of growing the carbon nanotubes may be performed in a tube-shaped furnace.
- a furnace having two heat treatment zones may be used to heat and vaporize the carbon nanotube precursor, which will be described later.
- a carbon nanotube precursor is placed at the front end of the furnace, a substrate having radical scavenger particles dispersed on the surface is placed at the rear end, and a first heat treatment is performed at the rear end, followed by a carbon nanotube precursor at the front end.
- the tube precursor may be heated, vaporized, and flowed to grow carbon nanotubes by a second heat treatment on the radical scavenger particles on the surface of the substrate at the rear end of the furnace. That is, carbon nanotubes can be grown by the deposition method.
- the carbon nanotube precursor is not particularly limited and may be a carbon precursor or a carbon / nitrogen precursor, for example, ethylene, acetylene, methylacetylene, vinylacetylene, alcohol, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, melamine, cyanamide, and dicyandiamide. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of
- the carbon nanotube precursor is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acetylene, methylacetylene, vinylacetylene, and alcohol, and may be provided to the second heat treatment step in a gaseous state.
- the carbon nanotube precursor is at least one selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine, porphyrin, melamine, cyanamide, and dicyandiamide, and the carbon nanotube precursor is a zone where the substrate is located and By heating and vaporizing in a spaced apart second zone, the substrate may be provided to the zone where the substrate is located for the second heat treatment step.
- the carbon nanotubes constituting the radical scavenger complex may be single-walled carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the composite added to one membrane-electrode assembly must have the same type of carbon nanotubes. It does not have to be composed of a composite composed of, and may be in a mixed form.
- the length of the carbon nanotube may be 0.3 to 10 ⁇ m (micrometer). Preferably, it may be 0.4 to 5 ⁇ m, and most preferably, it is preferable to prepare a length of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the length is longer than the above length, when the radical scavenger complex is added to the polymer electrolyte membrane in the membrane-electrode assembly or the catalyst layer of the electrode, there may be a problem of deterioration in dispersibility, and the effect of improving performance and durability may be inhibited.
- the substrate may be any one selected from the group consisting of a copper (Cu) substrate, an iron (Fe) substrate, a nickel (Ni) substrate, and a silicon (Si) substrate.
- a copper substrate may be used.
- the radical scavenger particles can be used without particular limitation as long as they are additives or particles having radical scavenging ability, and any material can be used as a composition of the composite in the present invention.
- the radical scavenger particle may be at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metals, noble metals, ions thereof, salts thereof, oxides thereof, nitrides thereof, and complexes thereof.
- the transition metal is cerium (Ce), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), lanthanum (La), or neodymium (Nd), but is not limited thereto.
- the noble metal may be silver (Au), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), or rhodium (Rh), but is not limited thereto.
- the transition metal or precious metal salt may be a carbonate, acetate, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, tungstate, hydroxide, ammonium acetate, ammonium sulfate, or acetylacetonate salt, but this is an example.
- various radical scavenger particles may be used without being limited thereto.
- the radical scavenger particle may have a diameter of 3 to 100 nm (nanometer), preferably, 4 to 80 nm, and most preferably, 5 to 60 nm.
- the diameter is smaller than the diameter, there may be a problem in that the radical scavenger particles are not positioned inside the carbon nanotubes, and if the diameter is larger than the diameter, the carbon nanotubes do not completely cover the radical scavenger particles, and the carbon nanotubes There may be a problem that radical scavenger particles are not located on the side of the capped closed cap structure.
- the amount of radical scavenger particles located in the cap may be 55 to 95% by weight, specifically 60 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of all radical scavenger composite particles.
- the amount of the radical scavenger particles located in the cap of the carbon nanotube can be effectively exhibited.
- the porous protective film has the advantage of preventing elution of the radical scavenger particles by reducing the mobility of the radical scavenger particles and improving stability by suppressing reaction with reactive species other than radicals.
- the radical scavenger complex may have a diameter of 110 nm or less, for example, 4 to 110 nm, preferably 5 to 90 nm, in the final state of the carbon nanotube, , most preferably, from 6 to 70 nm.
- the diameter of the carbon nanotube is larger than the above diameter, there may be a problem in that radical scavenger particles may flow out into the pores of the carbon nanotube.
- the diameter of the carbon nanotube is determined according to the size of the radical scavenger, the lower limit of the diameter is not particularly limited.
- the radical scavenger prepared according to the above-described method for preparing the radical scavenger complex prevents deterioration of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the ionomer binder, prevents performance degradation of the fuel cell, and also has radical trapping performance without elution. can be maintained, and the performance and lifespan of the fuel cell are prevented from deteriorating.
- the above-described radical scavenger complex is composed of carbon nanotubes and functions as a structure in the electrode to improve performance and durability.
- the membrane-electrode assembly 100 includes the polymer electrolyte membrane 50 and electrodes 20 and 20' disposed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane 50, respectively.
- the electrodes 20 and 20' include electrode substrates 40 and 40' and catalyst layers 30 and 30' formed on surfaces of the electrode substrates 40 and 40', and the electrode substrates 40 and 40' And a microporous layer (not shown) containing conductive fine particles such as carbon powder and carbon black to facilitate material diffusion in the electrode substrates 40 and 40' between the catalyst layers 30 and 30'. may include more.
- an oxidation reaction of generating hydrogen ions and electrons from fuel delivered to the catalyst layer 30 through the electrode substrate 40 by being disposed on one surface of the ion exchange membrane 50 is performed.
- the generating electrode 20 is referred to as an anode electrode, and is disposed on the other side of the ion exchange membrane 50 to pass through hydrogen ions supplied through the ion exchange membrane 50 and the electrode substrate 40' to the catalyst layer 30'.
- the electrode 20 ' which causes a reduction reaction to generate water from the oxidant delivered to the cathode is called a cathode electrode.
- a porous conductive substrate may be used as the electrode substrate 40 or 40' so that hydrogen or oxygen can be smoothly supplied.
- Representative examples thereof include carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, or metal cloth (a porous film composed of fibrous metal cloth or a metal film formed on the surface of a cloth formed of polymer fibers). refers to) can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- fluorine-based resin examples include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyperfluoroalkylvinyl ether, polyperfluorosulfonylfluoride alkoxyvinyl ether, fluorinated ethylene propylene ( Fluorinated ethylene propylene), polychlorotrifluoroethylene, or copolymers thereof may be used.
- a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the membrane-electrode assembly and may be, for example, a fuel cell using hydrogen gas as a fuel.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell 200 includes a fuel supply unit 210 for supplying mixed fuel in which fuel and water are mixed, and a reforming unit 220 for generating reformed gas containing hydrogen gas by reforming the mixed fuel. ), a stack 230 in which the reformed gas containing hydrogen gas supplied from the reforming unit 220 reacts electrochemically with an oxidizing agent to generate electrical energy, and the reforming unit 220 and the stack ( 230) and an oxidizing agent supply unit 240.
- the stack 230 includes a plurality of unit cells generating electrical energy by inducing an oxidation/reduction reaction between a reformed gas including hydrogen supplied from the reforming unit 220 and an oxidizing agent supplied from the oxidizing agent supplying unit 240.
- Each unit cell means a unit cell that generates electricity, and includes the membrane-electrode assembly for oxidizing/reducing oxygen in the reformed gas containing hydrogen gas and the oxidizing agent, and the reforming gas containing hydrogen gas and the oxidizing agent. and a separator plate (also referred to as a bipolar plate, hereinafter referred to as a 'separator plate') for supplying to the membrane-electrode assembly.
- the separators are disposed on both sides of the membrane-electrode assembly with the membrane-electrode assembly at the center. At this time, the separators positioned on the outermost side of the stack are specifically referred to as end plates.
- the end plate includes a pipe-shaped first supply pipe 231 for injecting reformed gas including hydrogen gas supplied from the reforming unit 220 and a pipe-shaped second pipe-shaped pipe for injecting oxygen gas.
- a supply pipe 232 is provided, and on the other end plate, a first discharge pipe 233 for discharging reformed gas containing hydrogen gas that is finally unreacted and remaining in a plurality of unit cells to the outside, and the unit cell described above.
- a second discharge pipe 234 is provided for discharging the unreacted and remaining oxidizing agent to the outside.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing process of the radical scavenger complex according to the present invention.
- carbon nanotubes having a closed cap structure in a height direction based on the copper substrate are grown on the surface of the radical scavenger particles.
- the tip growth method gradually lengthens the carbon nanotubes, and at this time, the radical scavenger particles grow in a state located in the cap part of the closed cap structure. Finally, after the carbon nanotube growth is completed, scrape with a knife or By applying ultrasonic waves in water, it is obtained as an independent composite separated from the copper substrate.
- TEM 4 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) picture of the radical scavenger complex prepared according to the present invention.
- the composites sequentially prepared according to the process of FIG. 3 are prepared in the form of a composite in which radical scavenger particles are located in the cap portion of the closed cap structure.
- FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture of an electrode prepared using a radical scavenger complex prepared according to the present invention. It can be seen from FIG. 5 that a carbon nanotube type radical scavenger complex is observed in the electrode.
- Dissolve 1.0 g of urea in a water-alcohol mixture After adding 1 g of Ce(NO 2 ) 3 6H 2 O to the mixed solution, stirring was performed at 100° C. for 3 hours to form CeOx seeds.
- the formed solution is spray-coated on a copper substrate and then dried. Put the copper substrate coated with the CeOx seed into a tube-shaped furnace.
- the furnace is subjected to heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- heat treatment is performed at 1,000° C. for 10 minutes in a C 2 H 4 gas and 5% H 2 /N 2 mixed gas atmosphere.
- the carbon nanotubes of the composite were formed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the diameter of the composite was about 20 nm.
- a closed cap structure was observed at one end of the carbon nanotube, and the ratio of radical scavenger particles located in the cap of the cap structure was about 60-90% by weight.
- a radical scavenger having a porous carbon coating layer of Prior Document 3 was prepared as follows: a carbon precursor coating composition was prepared by adding dopamine to a tris-hydrochloric acid buffer solvent, and the Catalyst particles capable of decomposing superoxide or radicals of CeO 2 were added to the carbon precursor coating composition. In this case, the carbon precursor coating composition included 0.3 parts by weight of the carbon precursor based on 100 parts by weight of the catalyst particles.
- the carbon precursor coating composition to which the catalyst particles were added was stirred at 250 rpm for 12 hours at 25 ° C, the carbon precursor was stabilized at 250 ° C and a nitrogen atmosphere, and the carbon precursor was carbonized at 700 ° C and a nitrogen atmosphere.
- a radical decomposition catalyst having a porous carbon coating layer formed on the surface of the catalyst particle was prepared.
- a radical scavenger complex was prepared in the same manner as in Example, except that the step of heating the furnace at 300 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere was omitted.
- the prepared radical scavenger composite a closed cap structure was not observed at one end of the carbon nanotube, and the ratio of radical scavenger particles located at one end was about 5 to 35% by weight.
- a membrane-electrode assembly was manufactured using the radical scavenger prepared according to the Comparative Examples and Examples. Three membrane-electrode assemblies were manufactured under the same conditions and methods, but the radical scavenger of Comparative Example 2 was bulky, and thus the amount of the radical scavenger substantially larger than that of the membrane-electrode assembly using Comparative Example 1 and Examples. Chemical durability of the membrane-electrode assembly was evaluated based on a durability evaluation protocol of the US Department of Energy (DOE). Specifically, in order to evaluate the chemical durability of the membrane-electrode assembly, an OCV hold method was performed and voltage retention was measured, respectively, and the measured values are shown in FIG. 6 . It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the voltage drops rapidly after 500 hours in the case of Comparative Example 1, whereas the voltage is stably maintained even after 800 hours in the case of using the radical scavenger of Example 1 of the present invention.
- DOE US Department of Energy
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 일측 단부가 닫힌 캡(cap) 구조를 갖는 탄소 나노 튜브, 및상기 닫힌 캡 구조의 캡 내에 위치하는 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자를 포함하는, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소 나노 튜브는 단일 벽 탄소 나노 튜브 또는 다중 벽 탄소 나노 튜브인 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소 나노 튜브는 길이가 0.3 내지 10 ㎛(마이크로미터)이고 직경이 100 nm(나노미터) 이하인, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자는 직경이 3 내지 100 nm(나노미터)인, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 캡 내에 위치하는 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자는 전체 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체 입자의 총 중량에 대해 55 내지 95 중량% 인, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체.
- 제1항에 있어서,연료전지용 막 전극 어셈블리에서 전극에 사용되는 것인, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체.
- 기재의 표면에 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자를 제공하는 단계; 및상기 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자의 표면에 탄소 나노 튜브(Carbon Nano Tube, CNT)를 성장시키는 단계;를 포함하는 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 기재의 표면에 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자를 제공하는 단계는 상기 기재의 표면에 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자를 함유하는 용액을 도포하는 단계를 포함하는, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서상기 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자 표면에 탄소 나노 튜브를 성장시키는 단계는,팁 성장(Tip Growth) 방식으로 수행되는 것인 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자 표면에 탄소 나노 튜브를 성장시키는 단계는상기 라디칼 스캐빈저 입자가 표면에 제공된 상기 기재를 제1 열처리하는 단계; 및상기 제1 열처리된 상기 기재를 탄소 나노 튜브 전구체를 공급하면서 상기 제1 열처리 온도보다 높은 온도에서 제2 열처리하는 단계를 포함하는 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 제1 열처리 단계는 불활성 기체 분위기에서 200 내지 400℃의 온도에서 수행되고 상기 제2 열처리 단계는 수소와 불활성 기체의 혼합 기체 분위기에서 500 내지 1100℃의 온도에서 수행되는, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 탄소 나노 튜브 전구체는 에틸렌, 아세틸렌, 메틸아세틸렌, 비닐아세틸렌, 알코올, 프탈로시아닌, 포르피린, 멜라민, 시안아미드, 및 디시안디아미드로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나인 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 탄소 나노 튜브 전구체는 에틸렌, 아세틸렌, 메틸아세틸렌, 비닐아세틸렌, 및 알코올로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나이고 기체 상태로 제2 열처리 단계에 제공되는, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 탄소 나노 튜브 전구체는 프탈로시아닌, 포르피린, 멜라민, 시안아미드, 및 디시안디아미드로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나이고,상기 탄소 나노 튜브 전구체는 상기 기재가 위치하는 존(zone)과 이격된 제2 존에서 가열 기화됨으로써 제2 열처리 단계를 위해 상기 기재가 위치하는 존으로 제공되는, 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 기재는 구리(Cu) 기판, 철(Fe) 기판, 니켈(Ni) 기판, 및 실리콘(Si) 기판으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나인 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 따른 라디칼 스캐빈저 복합체를 포함하는 막-전극 어셈블리.
- 제16항에 따른 막-전극 어셈블리를 포함하는 연료 전지.
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| EP4418376A1 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
| JP2024545601A (ja) | 2024-12-10 |
| JP7762305B2 (ja) | 2025-10-29 |
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