WO2023106826A1 - 기판 - Google Patents
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- WO2023106826A1 WO2023106826A1 PCT/KR2022/019793 KR2022019793W WO2023106826A1 WO 2023106826 A1 WO2023106826 A1 WO 2023106826A1 KR 2022019793 W KR2022019793 W KR 2022019793W WO 2023106826 A1 WO2023106826 A1 WO 2023106826A1
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- closed
- spacer
- substrate
- line
- pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13398—Spacer materials; Spacer properties
Definitions
- This application relates to substrates and their uses.
- An optical device configured to adjust light transmittance, color, and/or reflectivity of light by disposing a light modulating material such as a liquid crystal compound or a mixture of a liquid crystal compound and a dye between two opposed substrates is known.
- a so-called spacer is placed between the substrates to maintain a distance between the substrates.
- spacer so-called ball spacers and bulkhead spacers are typically used.
- the shape and placement of the spacer affects the performance of the optical device.
- spacers having regular shapes and arrangements cause optical defects such as diffraction in some optical devices, which deteriorates optical performance such as visibility of the optical devices.
- a method of solving the optical defect by irregularly arranging column spacers or the like may be considered. However, in this case, it is difficult to maintain uniform spacing between the substrates in the optical device. Non-uniform spacing between substrates also causes optical defects.
- the ball or column spacer is disadvantageous in terms of durability or mechanical properties of the optical device, and is also disadvantageous in configuring the optical device in a curved shape or configuring a flexible device.
- the ball or column spacer is not advantageous in terms of securing adhesion between the substrates and the like.
- the present application provides a substrate including a spacer pattern.
- it is applied to various optical devices to provide a substrate that can maintain a uniform and stable distance between substrates while maximally securing an active area without causing optical defects, including diffraction, etc. The purpose.
- the present application also aims to provide an optical device including the substrate.
- the corresponding physical property is a physical property measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified.
- room temperature is a natural temperature that is not heated or cooled, and is usually a temperature in the range of about 10 ° C to 30 ° C or about 23 ° C or about 25 ° C.
- the unit of temperature is °C.
- the corresponding physical property is a physical property measured at normal pressure unless otherwise specified.
- the term normal pressure refers to a natural temperature that is not pressurized or reduced, and usually refers to a pressure of about 1 atm, for example, about 740 mmg to 780 mmHg.
- the corresponding physical property is a physical property measured at normal pressure and room temperature at humidity that is not separately controlled.
- the substrate of the present application may include a base layer and a spacer pattern present on the base layer.
- the spacer pattern by controlling the shape of the spacer pattern, it is possible to provide a substrate that has no optical defects such as diffraction and can maintain a uniform and stable distance between substrates while maximizing the active area of the optical device.
- Whether or not the substrate exhibits an optical defect such as diffraction can be confirmed through light emitting diode (LED) transmission light analysis of the substrate.
- LED light emitting diode
- a circular LED light source having a diameter (diameter) of about 3 mm is used to transmit light having a wavelength of 550 nm through the substrate, and then the transmitted light is received by a camera to obtain an image, and the image is captured. After converting to a black and white image, it is performed on the white image of the black and white image.
- the back image is a black and white image obtained by irradiating and transmitting the LED light having a wavelength of 550 nm to the substrate at a distance of 30 cm, and receiving the light transmitted through the substrate with a camera at a distance of 30 cm from the substrate. It is an image obtained by converting to . A method of obtaining such a bag image is described in detail in the embodiment section.
- the substrate may exhibit appropriate lengths of horizontal lines, vertical lines, and left and right diagonal lines of a white image of a black and white image of transmitted light of the 550 nm wavelength LED light.
- the horizontal line, the vertical line, and the left and right diagonal lines intersect at one point, and the angle between the lines may be equal to 45 degrees.
- one point where the horizontal line, vertical line, and left and right diagonal lines intersect may be the center point of the bag image.
- the center point is a point at which four parts appearing when the bag image is divided into only the horizontal and vertical lines have substantially the same area, and the angle formed by the horizontal and vertical lines is 90 degrees.
- the length is the number of pixels of a portion where a back image in the camera receiving the transmitted light is present, and is dimensionless.
- the standard deviation of the lengths of horizontal lines, vertical lines, and left and right diagonal lines of the bag image may be within a predetermined range.
- the upper limit of the standard deviation may be about 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5 or 3, and the lower limit thereof may be on the order of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 or 45.
- the standard deviation is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above. Or it may be within a range that is greater than.
- the average or average value referred to in this specification is an arithmetic average value unless otherwise specified.
- an average (arithmetic mean) of the lengths of horizontal lines, vertical lines, and left and right diagonal lines of the bag image may be within a predetermined range.
- the lower limit of the average of the lengths may be 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, or 300
- the upper limit may be 600, 580, 560, 540, 520, 500, 480, 460, 440, 420 , 400, 380, 360, 340, 320, 300, 280, 260 or 250 or so.
- the average of the lengths is less than or less than any one of the upper limits recited, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits recited, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits recited, or the upper limit of any one of the upper limits recited It may be less than or less than , and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the diffraction area ratio of the bag image may be within a predetermined range.
- the diffraction area ratio is the ratio (100 ⁇ A1/A2) of the area A1 of the back image obtained by receiving the LED light transmitted through the substrate in the analysis to the area A2 of the back image of the LED light.
- the area A2 of the back image of the LED light refers to a back image when an image obtained by directly receiving the LED light with the camera without passing through the substrate is converted into a black and white image.
- the upper limit of the diffraction area ratio (100 ⁇ A1 / A2) may be about 300%, 280%, 260%, 240%, 220%, 200%, 180%, 160%, 140%, 120% or 115%, , the lower limit may be about 100%, 110%, 120%, 130%, 140%, 150% or 160%.
- the diffraction area ratio is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or more than any one of the upper limits described above, or any one of the upper limits described above. It may be less than or less than , and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the lower limit of may be about 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, 0.5, 0.51, 0.52, 0.53 or 0.54, and the upper limit is 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1, 0.9, 0.8 , may be on the order of 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 or 0.45.
- the unit of the ratio (A/L) is %.
- the ratio is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, while being equal to or greater than or equal to the lower limit of any one of the lower limits described above. may be within the range of excess.
- the substrate When the substrate exhibits the above characteristics, it can be evaluated that the substrate does not exhibit optical defects such as diffraction.
- Such a substrate can be provided through control of the spacer pattern.
- spacer pattern refers to a formation form of spacers that is confirmed when observing the surface of the base layer on which spacers are formed.
- the pattern of these spacers may be formed by two or more spacers that are distinct from each other, or may be formed by one spacer.
- the type of spacer forming the spacer pattern is not particularly limited.
- the spacers may be so-called ball spacers, column spacers, and/or bulkhead spacers.
- the bulkhead spacer is also advantageous in terms of securing durability and mechanical properties of the optical device and securing adhesion between substrates, and for example, it is advantageous in terms of configuring an optical device in a curved shape or configuring a flexible device. .
- partition wall spacer means a spacer in the form of a partition wall.
- the spacer pattern can be adjusted to achieve good optical performance in the optical device.
- the spacer pattern according to the first aspect of the present application may include a non-linear line spacer.
- the nonlinear line spacer may be the barrier rib spacer.
- line spacer refers to a barrier rib spacer that exhibits a line shape when observed from above (specifically, observing the surface of the substrate layer on which the spacer pattern is formed along the normal direction of the surface).
- non-linear line spacer means a line spacer whose actual length is longer than the length of a straight line connecting both ends of a corresponding line in the line form.
- An exemplary form of such a non-linear line spacer is shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- a straight line connecting both ends of the line spacer is indicated by a dotted line of L1.
- the nonlinear line spacer may include a curved portion.
- the nonlinear line spacer may be entirely formed in a curve or may include a portion of a curved portion.
- the nonlinear line spacer may include two or more types of curved portions having different curvatures.
- a curved portion of the nonlinear line spacer may have a curvature within a predetermined range.
- the lower limit of the curvature is 0R, 5R, 10R, 15R, 20R, 25R, 30R, 35R, 40R, 45R, 50R, 55R, 60R, 65R, 70R, 75R, 76R, 77R, 78R, 79R or 80R
- the upper limit is 100R, 95R, 90R, 89R, 88R, 87R, 86R, 85R, 84R, 83R, 82R, 81R, 80R, 79R, 78R, 77R, 76R, 75R, 74R, 73R, 72R , 71R, 70R, 69R, 68R, 67R, 66R, 65R, 64R, 63R, 62R, 61R, 60R, 59R, 58R, 57R, 56R, 55R, 54R, 53
- the curvature is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the unit of curvature R means ⁇ m. That is, for example, that the curvature is 20R means that the curvature is the degree of bending of a circle having a radius of 20 ⁇ m.
- L 1 /X of Equation 1 below may be within a predetermined range.
- L 1 is the length of a straight line connecting both ends of the nonlinear line spacer
- X is two straight lines parallel to the straight line having the length L 1
- the nonlinear line protrudes most in the left and right directions. It is the distance between two straight lines that touch the spacer site.
- L 1 and X have the same unit, and if the unit is the same, there is no limitation on the type of the unit.
- a straight line of length L 1 confirming Equation 1 and two straight lines parallel to the straight line and contacting the most protruding parts in the left and right directions of the barbed wire spacer are exemplarily indicated by dotted lines in FIG. .
- a straight line connecting both ends of the line spacer is indicated by a dotted line of L1 and is parallel to the straight line L1
- a straight line tangent to the left protrusion of the spacer is indicated by a dotted line of LL1 and is parallel to the straight line L1
- the straight line tangent to the right protrusion of the spacer is indicated by the dotted line of RL1
- the distance between the straight lines LL1 and RL1 is indicated by X.
- the lower limit of L 1 /X in Equation 1 may be 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310 or 320, and the upper limit may be 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, It may be 600, 550, 500, 490, 480, 460, 440, 420, 400, 380, 360 or 340 degrees.
- the L 1 /X is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or more than any one of the lower limits described above, or any one of the upper limits described above. It may be less than or equal to the upper limit, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the lower limit of the interval (X in Equation 1) may be about 10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 45 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m or 55 ⁇ m, and the upper limit is 200 ⁇ m, 190 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 170 ⁇ m, or 160 ⁇ m.
- the interval X is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits set forth above, or any one of the upper limits set forth above. It may be less than or equal to the upper limit, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the value of the interval (X in Equation 1) may be an average value. That is, when the spacer pattern includes a plurality of nonlinear line spacers, the entire distance (X in Equation 1) of the plurality of nonlinear line spacers is within the above-described numerical range, or the plurality of nonlinear line spacers The average value of the entire interval (X in Equation 1) of may be within the above-described numerical range.
- mean or mean value as referred to herein refers to the known arithmetic mean.
- the upper limit of the standard deviation of the intervals may be 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 2.5 or 2, and the lower limit may be 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 or can be 2
- the standard deviation is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits recited, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits recited, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits recited. It may be less than or equal to, and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the standard deviation is defined as described above.
- the pitch between the nonlinear line spacers is the pitch between straight lines (straight lines of length L 1 in Equation 1) connecting both ends of the nonlinear line spacers, which is exemplarily illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the pitch is indicated by P. If the straight lines connecting both ends of the nonlinear line spacer are not parallel to each other, the average of the shortest distance (S) and the longest distance (L) between the straight lines, that is, (S + L) / 2 may be defined as the pitch. there is.
- the lower limit of the pitch may be about 100 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, 250 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, or 350 ⁇ m, and the upper limit thereof may be about 600 ⁇ m, 550 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 450 ⁇ m, or 400 ⁇ m.
- the pitch is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or more than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- a desired effect can be efficiently achieved by configuring the spacer pattern with the above-shaped nonlinear line spacer.
- FIG. 3 A design method of the nonlinear line spacer will be described with reference to the drawings. This will be described with reference to FIG. 3 .
- a so-called honeycomb shape in which regular hexagons are regularly arranged is first designed as shown in FIG. 3(a). At this time, the length of one side of the regular hexagon may be determined in consideration of a desired pitch. Then, the shape shown in (b) of FIG. 3 is designed by removing sides from the regular hexagon so that a line shape is generated.
- each point of the line shape is moved to have a predetermined degree of irregularity.
- the movement of each dot is indicated by a dotted line arrow.
- FIG. 4 shows a straight line connecting only two adjacent points among the points belonging to one line among the respective points of the line shape of FIG. omitted and marked.
- the length of the straight line connecting the two points is P
- the dot is moved by setting a program so that the one dot can move randomly within the area.
- a circular area having a radius of 0.5P which is 0.5 times the length P, is set, and the point moves to an arbitrary point within the area.
- the point is defined as being moved to have an irregularity of 100%. That is, the degree of irregularity is determined according to the length of the radius of the set circle area. Specifically, if the length of the radius of the circular area is kP (where P is the length of a straight line connecting the two points), the irregularity is calculated as 100 ⁇ (kP)/(0.5P).
- k is an arbitrary number determined according to the length of the radius. For example, if the radius is 1/4 times the straight line length P, the k becomes 0.25, and if it is 1/2 times the straight line length P, the k becomes 0.5.
- the nonlinear line spacer can be designed by moving all points belonging to one line to have a predetermined degree of irregularity and connecting the moved lines again.
- the lower limit of the irregularity is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55% , about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85% or about 90%, and the upper limit is about 95%, about 90%, about 85%, about 80% %, 75% or 70%.
- the degree of irregularity is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. It may be less than or equal to, and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the effect of suppressing optical defects such as the diffraction phenomenon tends to increase.
- the irregularity becomes excessively large according to the spacer pattern, the efficiency of maintaining the spacing between the substrates by the spacer pattern decreases, and the substrate or the substrate or the Appearance defects of the optical device to which the substrate is applied may occur. Therefore, an appropriate degree of irregularity can be selected according to the pattern of the spacer.
- curvature may be given to adjacent points and straight lines connecting the points along with the movement of the points, and such curvature may also be performed to have a predetermined degree of irregularity.
- the meaning of giving a curvature to a straight line to have a predetermined degree of irregularity is as follows. First, set the lower limit of curvature to 0R and the upper limit to 100R in the program. After that, the curvature may be given by setting a program so that an arbitrary curvature is given to the straight line between the lower limit (0R) and the designated upper limit by designating the irregularity and setting the designated irregularity as an upper limit.
- the lower limit of the curvature is set to 0R and the upper limit of the curvature is set to 80R within the range of 0R to 100R, and the curvature of any value is arbitrarily within the range of 0R to 80R Curve the straight line to have
- a range of irregularities giving the curvature may also be selected according to the purpose.
- the lower limit of the irregularity is 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 76%, It may be about 77%, 78%, 79% or 80%, and the upper limit is 89%, 88%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 83%, 82%, 81%, 80%, 75%. %, 70%, 65%, 60% or 55%.
- the degree of irregularity is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. It may be less than or equal to, and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- a means for designing the spacers in the above manner is not particularly limited, and a known random number coordinate program such as Minitab, CAD, MATLAB, STELLA, or an Excel random number coordinate program may be used.
- the spacer pattern including the nonlinear line spacer may further include a bridge connecting adjacent nonlinear line spacers among the plurality of nonlinear line spacers.
- the bridge also corresponds to the barrier rib line spacer.
- a line spacer having the shortest length among the three line spacers may be defined as a bridge.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 The pattern of this type of spacer is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 .
- One or more bridges may exist.
- Equation 2 G1 is the distance between adjacent bridges (specifically, the distance between adjacent bridges among bridges existing within the distance between two adjacent nonlinear line spacers, unit mm), and L 1 represents both ends of the nonlinear line spacer. It is the length of the connecting straight line (same as L 1 in Equation 1 (unit: mm)).
- Equation 2 the method for obtaining the distance G 1 between bridges is the same as the method for obtaining the pitch between nonlinear line spacers. That is, a pitch between straight lines connecting both ends of the bridge may be defined as the interval.
- the number of bridges may be adjusted so that a of Equation 3 below is within a predetermined range.
- Equation 3 L1 is the length (unit: mm) of a straight line connecting both ends of the nonlinear line spacer or its average value (unit: mm), m is the number of the nonlinear line spacers, and n is the number of bridges.
- the lower limit of a that satisfies Expression 3 may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, or 18, and the upper limit may be 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, It can be as many as 8, 6, 5, 4 or 3.
- a is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the bridge may exist so that b in Equation 4 below satisfies a predetermined range.
- Equation 4 G 1 is the distance between adjacent bridges among a plurality of bridges, and L 1 is the length (unit: mm) of a straight line connecting both ends of the nonlinear line spacer or its average value (unit: mm).
- the lower limit of b that satisfies Expression 4 may be 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 or 0.045, and the upper limit may be 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05 , may be on the order of 0.04, 0.03, 0.02 or 0.015.
- b is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- Equation 4 the method for obtaining the distance G 1 between bridges is the same as in Equation 2.
- the number of bridges may be adjusted so that f of Equation 5 below is within a predetermined range.
- L 1 is the length (unit: mm) of a straight line connecting both ends of the nonlinear line spacer or its average value (unit: mm)
- m is the number of the nonlinear line spacers
- n is the number of bridges.
- the lower limit of f that satisfies Expression 5 may be about 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5, and the upper limit may be about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, or 3. there is.
- f is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the bridge may have a straight shape or a curved shape having a curvature, and may include a curved portion and a straight portion.
- the lower limit of the curvature (eg, maximum curvature) of the curved portion or curved portion is 20R, 25R, 30R, 35R, 40R, 45R, 50R, 55R, 60R .
- the curvature (eg, maximum curvature) is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or the upper limit described above. It may be less than or less than the upper limit of any one of the above, and may be within the range of more than or more than any one of the lower limits described above.
- a spacer pattern in which bridges are formed can also be designed in the above-described manner, and exemplary details thereof are described in the embodiments of the present specification.
- the spacer pattern according to the second aspect of the present application may include a plurality of line spacers, and the plurality of line spacers may cross each other to form one or more closed figures.
- the plurality of line spacers may cross each other to form a net shape, and thus the closed figure may be formed.
- the closed figure may be formed in one or a plurality of two or more.
- the line spacers intersecting to form a closed or net shape may be the nonlinear line spacers of the first aspect described above or may be line spacers of a different type from the above.
- FIGS. 7 to 10 Spacer patterns of this type are illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 10 and the like.
- the pattern of Fig. 7 is a form in which the nonlinear line spacers of the first aspect are crossed.
- the line spacer may have a curved shape at the intersection of at least some of the intersections of the plurality of line spacers forming the closed figure (condition 1). Examples of this type of spacer pattern are shown in FIGS. 8 and 10 and the like.
- the line spacer may have a curved shape at all of the intersection points, or may have a curved shape at at least some of the intersection points.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the number of vertices at which the line spacer forms a curve among all vertices (intersections) of one of the closed figures may be about 5%, 15%, 20%, or 23%.
- the upper limit may be about 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30% or 20%.
- the ratio is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- Each of the closed figures formed from the spacer pattern shown in FIG. 8 has four vertices (intersection points of line spacers), and a line spacer contacting at one vertex has a curved shape (ie, the ratio is 25%).
- the upper limit of the curvature of the curved shape may be about 70R, 65R, 60R, 55R, or 50R, and the lower limit thereof may be about 30R, 35R, 40R, 45R, or 50R.
- the curvature is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the length of the line spacer connecting at least some adjacent intersection points among the intersection points of the plurality of line spacers may be longer than the length of a straight line connecting the adjacent intersection points ( condition 2). That is, it may have a relationship of (length of line spacer connecting adjacent intersection points) > (length of an imaginary straight line connecting the adjacent intersection points).
- FIGS. 7, 8, and 10 Examples of spacer patterns of this type are shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 10, and the like.
- adjacent vertices (intersection points) of each closed figure are indicated by V1 and V2, and a virtual straight line connecting the intersection points V1 and V2 is indicated by a dotted line.
- the length of a line spacer connecting adjacent intersection points is longer than the length of an imaginary straight line connecting the adjacent intersection points.
- the line spacers connecting adjacent intersection points in the spacer pattern may have a curved shape.
- the curvature of the curved shape is adjusted according to the purpose and is not particularly limited.
- the upper limit of the curvature may be about 95R, 90R, 85R, 80R, 75R, 70R, 65R, 60R, 55R or 50R, and the lower limit thereof is 5R, 10R, 15R, 20R, 25R, 30R, 35R. , 40R, 45R, 50R, 55R, 60R, 65R, 70R, 75R, 80R, 85R or 90R.
- the curvature is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- a design method described later is applied.
- the closed figure may satisfy Equation 6 below (condition 3). In another embodiment, in a spacer pattern including the closed figure, the closed figure may not satisfy Equation 6 below (condition 4).
- Equation 6 A is an interior angle of the closed figure formed by three adjacent intersection points among the intersection points forming the closed figure, and n is the number of intersection points forming the closed figure.
- Equation 6 the interior angle of the closed figure formed by three adjacent intersections among the intersections forming the closed figure is the interior angle obtained by connecting the three intersections with straight lines.
- Equation 6 If the closed shape satisfies Equation 6, it means that the figure formed by connecting the vertices constituting the closed shape with a straight line is not a regular polygon (in the case of a quadrangle, it means that it is not a square or rectangle), and Equation 6 is not satisfied, it means that a figure formed by connecting vertices constituting the closed figure with a straight line is a regular polygon.
- Equation 6 (a) of FIG. 12 is a case in which the closed diagram does not satisfy Equation 6, and (b) is a case in which Equation 6 is satisfied.
- the lower limit of the interior angle is 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, 80 degrees, 90 degrees, and 100 degrees.
- the Cabinet is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the spacer pattern including the closed figure may satisfy at least one of conditions 1 to 4 above.
- the spacer pattern may satisfy at least condition 1 above.
- the spacer pattern satisfying condition 1 may additionally satisfy condition 2, if necessary.
- the spacer pattern may satisfy at least Condition 3 above.
- the spacer pattern that satisfies condition 3 may additionally satisfy condition 2, if necessary.
- the spacer pattern may satisfy Conditions 1 and 2 above.
- An aspect that satisfies conditions 1 and 2 above may further satisfy condition 3 or 4 above.
- An aspect satisfying conditions 1 to 3 is illustrated in FIG. 10
- an aspect satisfying conditions 1 , 2 and 4 is illustrated in FIG. 8 .
- the spacer pattern may satisfy at least condition 3, and this aspect is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 .
- the spacer pattern may satisfy at least conditions 2 and 4, and this aspect is illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- opposite sides among sides of the closed figure may be curved in the same direction (condition 5).
- condition 5 This case is usually the case where the number of intersection points is an even number, but is not limited thereto.
- the desired effect can be more appropriately satisfied by designing an aspect satisfying the conditions 1 and 2, particularly an aspect satisfying the conditions 1, 2 and 4 as described above.
- a difference in curvature between curved line spacers formed by opposite sides bent in the same direction may be within an appropriate range.
- the difference in curvature is an absolute value of a value calculated in the manner of 100 ⁇ (R1-R2)/R2 when the curvature of one of the facing spacers is R1 and the curvature of the other is R2.
- the upper limit of the absolute value of the difference in curvature may be about 5%, 4.5%, 4%, 3.5%, 3%, 2.5%, 2%, 1.5%, 1% or 0.5%, and the upper limit is 0%. may be of a degree.
- the absolute value of the difference is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits recited, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits recited, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits recited, or any one of the upper limits recited. It may be less than or equal to the upper limit, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the upper limit of the standard deviation of the straight line distance between vertices constituting the sides of the single closed figure may be about 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, or 0.05, and the lower limit may be 0. .
- the absolute value of the standard deviation is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or any one of the upper limits described above. It may be less than or equal to one upper limit, and may be within a range of more than or more than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the line spacers connecting adjacent intersection points in the spacer pattern may have a curved shape.
- the curvature of the curved shape is adjusted according to the purpose and is not particularly limited.
- the upper limit of the curvature may be about 70R, 65R, 60R, 55R, or 50R, and the lower limit thereof may be about 30R, 35R, 40R, 45R, or 50R.
- the curvature is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the curved line spacer may have one center of curvature, or may have a curved shape forming the center of curvature in the same direction with respect to the line spacer.
- the line spacer has one center of curvature means a case where the degree of curvature of the line spacer is constant between the adjacent vertices and only one center of curvature is formed.
- the case of FIG. 13(a) is a case of having the above-mentioned one curvature.
- two centers of curvature formed by different bending directions of the line spacer between the adjacent vertices are formed on the left and right axes of the line spacer, respectively.
- the lower limit of the number of intersection points (ie, vertices of the closed figure) forming a single closed figure in the net shape is three , 4, 5 or 6, and the upper limit may be 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 or 4.
- the number of intersection points (i.e., vertices of a closed diagram) is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or It may be less than or less than any one of the upper limits, and may be within a range of more than or more than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the lower limit of the distance between adjacent intersection points is 100 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m , 200 ⁇ m, 250 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m or 350 ⁇ m may be about, the upper limit is, 1000 ⁇ m, 950 ⁇ m, 900 ⁇ m, 850 ⁇ m, 800 ⁇ m, 750 ⁇ m, 700 ⁇ m, 650 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m, 550 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 450 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m or 350 ⁇ m.
- the interval is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or is greater than or more than any one of the lower limits described above, or is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- a spacer pattern including a closed figure it may be formed to have a predetermined area relationship with the closed figure (condition 6).
- the lower limit of the average area of the closed shape of the spacer pattern is 0.01 mm 2 , 0.05 mm 2 , 0.1 mm 2 , 0.15 mm 2 , 0.2 mm 2 , 0.25 mm 2 , 0.3 mm 2 , 0.35 mm 2 , 0.4 mm 2 , 0.45 mm 2 , 0.5 mm 2 , 0.55 mm 2 , 0.6 mm 2 , 0.65 mm 2 , 0.7 mm 2 , 0.75 mm 2 , 0.8 mm 2 or 0.85 mm 2 , and the upper limit is, 2 mm 2 , 1.9 mm 2 , 1.8 mm 2 , 1.7 mm 2 , 1.6 mm 2 , 1.5 mm 2 , 1.4 mm 2 , 1.3 mm 2 , 1.2 mm 2 , 1.1 mm 2 , 1 mm 2 , 0.95 mm 2 , 0.9 mm 2 , 0.85 mm 2 , 0.8 mm 2 ,
- the average of the areas is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or It may be less than or less than , and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the average of the areas is an arithmetic average of the areas of all closed figures included in the spacer pattern. When the spacer pattern is formed according to the design method described below, the arithmetic mean of the area of some of the closed shapes randomly selected from among the closed shapes existing in the pattern by the spacer pattern formation logic is calculated as the area of all the closed shapes. It can be replaced by an arithmetic average value.
- the spacer pattern formed by the design method described below includes at least 10,000 or more closed figures
- 1% (100) of the closed figures are randomly selected and the arithmetic mean of the area of each closed figure is selected. If is obtained, it can be replaced with the arithmetic average value of the area of the entire closed figure.
- the upper limit of the standard deviation of the areas of the closed figures is 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.08, It may be about 0.06 or 0.04, and the lower limit may be about 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.1 or 0.15.
- the standard deviation is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits recited, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits recited, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits recited. It may be less than or equal to, and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the average value (arithmetic mean) of the areas of 9 adjacent closed figures among the closed figures included in the pattern may be adjusted within a certain range.
- the 9 adjacent closed figures are an arbitrary closed figure (central closed figure) selected from the spacer pattern and 8 closed figures directly surrounding the closed figure. In the above, directly surrounding the closed figure means a case where no other closed figure exists between the eight closed figures and the central closed figure.
- FIG. 14 is an example of a spacer pattern including closed figures in a net shape formed by line spacers crossing each other, and each closed figure in the pattern is sequentially numbered.
- the nine closed diagrams selected in this way are: 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, and 23 closed diagrams; It is a closed figure of 16, 25, 26 and 27 or a closed figure of 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 and 30.
- the lower limit of the average area of the nine adjacent closed figures is 0.01 mm 2 , 0.05 mm 2 , 0.1 mm 2 , 0.15 mm 2 , 0.2 mm 2 , 0.25 mm 2 , 0.3 mm 2 , 0.35 mm 2 , 0.4 mm 2 , 0.45 mm 2 , 0.5 mm 2 , 0.55 mm 2 , 0.6 mm 2 , 0.65 mm 2 , 0.7 mm 2 , 0.75 mm 2 , 0.8 mm 2 or 0.85 mm 2 , and the upper limit is 2 mm 2 , 1.9 mm 2 , 1.8 mm 2 , 1.7 mm 2 , 1.6 mm 2, 1.5 mm 2, 1.4 mm 2 , 1.3 mm 2 , 1.2 mm 2 , 1.1 mm 2 , 1 mm 2 , 0.95 mm 2 , 0.9 mm 2 , 0.85 mm 2 , 0.8 mm 2 , 0.75 mm 2 , 0.7 mm 2
- the average of the areas is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or It may be less than or less than , and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the upper limit of the standard deviation of the nine adjacent closed shape lungs may be about 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06 or 0.04, and the lower limit thereof may be on the order of 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.1 or 0.15.
- the standard deviation is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits recited, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits recited, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits recited. It may be less than or equal to, and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the lower limit of the ratio (B/A) of the average area (B) of all closed figures to the average (A) area of the 9 adjacent closed figures is 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 Or it may be 0.95, and the upper limit may be about 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1 or 1.05.
- the ratio is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the spacer pattern that satisfies Condition 6 may be a spacer pattern that satisfies any one or two or more of Conditions 1 to 5 above.
- a spacer pattern including the closed figure may be designed in the following manner.
- a pattern as shown in FIG. 15 is formed with a straight line spacer, and curvature is given to the side of each closed figure of the pattern while giving the aforementioned irregularity.
- a desired pattern can be formed by curving the sides. At this time, the degree of irregularity is determined in consideration of the desired curvature.
- FIG. 16 The pattern on the left of FIG. 16 is the pattern of FIG. 15, and the pattern on the right is an example of applying curvature to each side of the pattern.
- the direction in which the sides are bent by applying the curvature is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 16 .
- this process based on one vertex, both sides connected to that vertex are bent in the same direction, and at this time, if the same curvature is given, a pattern in which the line spacer curves at the above-mentioned vertex can also be obtained, but the curve is given
- the method of doing this is not limited thereto.
- the spacer pattern shown in FIG. 7 can be designed by designing two nonlinear line spacer patterns shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and then crossing the two patterns with each other.
- An actual photograph of a line spacer designed in the manner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in FIG. 17 .
- each vertex of the rectangle of the pattern is given the aforementioned irregularity (the method illustrated in FIG. 4).
- a desired pattern can be formed.
- the lower bound on the degree of irregularity given in this case is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, It may be about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85% or about 90%, the upper limit being about 95%, about 90%, about 85% , about 80%, about 75% or about 70%.
- the degree of irregularity is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above.
- a so-called honeycomb pattern is designed in which regular hexagonal closed figures are regularly arranged, and the sides of each single closed figure of the regular hexagonal shape are selected as described above.
- the pattern may be formed by curving in a manner that gives an irregularity of .
- the initial shape is illustrated as a regular hexagon in the above, the shape does not necessarily have to be a regular hexagon, and other shapes such as a regular triangle, a square, or a regular pentagon may also be applied.
- each vertex of the hexagon may also be moved by applying the aforementioned irregularity along with the irregularity for curvature.
- 19 is an example of such a design method. In FIG. 19, movement of a vertex is indicated by a dotted arrow, and curvature is indicated by a solid arrow.
- the lower limit of the irregularity for the curving is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50% , about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85% or about 90%, and the upper limit is about 95%, about 90%, about 85% %, about 80%, about 75% or about 70%.
- the degree of irregularity is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. It may be less than or equal to, and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the lower limit of the irregularity given for the movement of the vertex is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85% or about 90%, the upper limit is about 95%, about 90%, It may be about 85%, about 80%, about 75% or about 70%.
- the degree of irregularity is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. It may be less than or equal to, and may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the line width and height of the line spacers forming the spacer patterns are controlled according to the purpose and are not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the height of the line spacer may be about 0.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 2.5 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 4.5 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 5.5 ⁇ m, or 6 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit may be about 100 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m.
- the height is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the lower limit of the line width of the line spacer may be about 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, or 14 ⁇ m
- the upper limit may be about 200 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 160 ⁇ m, It may be on the order of 140 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m or 20 ⁇ m.
- the line width is less than or less than any one of the upper limits described above, or more than or more than any one of the lower limits described above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- All of the spacer patterns formed on the base layer in the substrate of the present application may be the spacer patterns of the first aspect or the second aspect, or at least a part of the spacer patterns may be the spacer patterns of the first or second aspect.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the area of the spacer pattern of the first or second aspect to the total area occupied by the spacer pattern formed on the base layer is 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, It may be about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%, and the upper limit may be about 100%.
- the ratio is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the above spacer pattern of the present application can maintain a uniform and stable distance between substrates without causing the optical defect while maximizing the active area of the optical device.
- the active region generally means a portion of the entire area of the base layer on which the spacer pattern is not formed. Since a light modulating material such as a liquid crystal material is present in this portion, a region in which the light modulating material such as the liquid crystal material is present without the spacer pattern in the optical device may be the active region.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the area occupied by the spacer pattern to the area of the entire substrate (substrate layer) in the substrate of the present application is 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, It may be about 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5% or 10%, and the upper limit is 50%, 45 %, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15% or 10%.
- the ratio is less than or equal to or less than any one of the upper limits set forth above, or greater than or equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits set forth above, or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits set forth above. or less than, but may be within a range that is greater than or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- This area may also be referred to as an aperture ratio in this specification.
- the spacer pattern on the substrate of the present application may be any one of the above-described patterns or a combination of two or more types, and other types of spacers or other types of spacer patterns may also be present on the substrate as long as the occupied area is achieved.
- the spacer pattern may include a ball spacer together with the barrier rib spacer.
- the ball spacer may be attached to the barrier rib spacer or may be embedded therein.
- the ball spacer is a circular spacer in a conventional sense known in the art.
- the spacer pattern of the above type can be manufactured in a manner described below, thereby forming a spacer pattern exhibiting excellent dimensional uniformity and adhesion to the substrate layer at the same time.
- the ball spacer does not correspond to the essential components of the present application.
- the spacer pattern may be manufactured by applying, for example, a conventional binder used for manufacturing a barrier rib-shaped spacer.
- Spacers in the form of barrier ribs are usually prepared by pattern exposure of a binder in which an ultraviolet curable compound is mixed with an initiator that initiates curing of the compound as a photosensitive binder. These materials can also be applied in this application.
- the cured product of the UV curable compound may form the barrier rib.
- the specific type of the UV-curable compound is not particularly limited, and for example, an acrylate-based polymer material or an epoxy-based polymer may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Various types of binders from which bulkheads can be fabricated are known in the industry.
- the type of the ball spacer is not particularly limited, and an appropriate type may be selected and used from known ball spacers.
- the range of the specific average particle diameter of the ball spacer is not particularly limited, and may have an average particle diameter within a range satisfying the above-mentioned ratio range according to the size of the barrier rib.
- the spacer pattern described above may be a black pattern or a transparent pattern.
- the term transparent referred to in this specification refers to a case in which transmittance is at least a certain level or higher.
- the term transparent means that the transmittance is approximately 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more or 90% or more.
- the upper limit of the transmittance in the transparent state is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, about 100% or less or about 99% or less.
- the transmittance is transmittance for visible light, and may be, for example, transmittance for any one of wavelengths within a range of about 380 nm to 700 nm, or average transmittance for all lights within the range.
- black spacer pattern may refer to a pattern whose optical density is measured within a range of 1.5 to 4.
- a layer including the same components as the spacer pattern may be formed by, for example, coating, deposition, or plating. At this time, the thickness of the formed layer may be about 12 ⁇ m.
- the optical density of the layer having a thickness of about 12 ⁇ m formed of the same components is in the above-mentioned range, or the optical density of the actual spacer pattern is in the above-mentioned range, or A case where a value obtained by converting the optical density of a layer having a thickness of about 12 ⁇ m in consideration of the actual thickness of the black spacer pattern is within the above range may be included.
- a component capable of realizing black is added to the above-described material (eg, the above-described binder, etc.) that is typically applied to form a spacer.
- a component capable of realizing black eg, the above-described binder, etc.
- the spacer pattern may include a pigment or dye capable of darkening, and specifically, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal oxynitride, carbon black, graphite, azo-based pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, or carbon-based material.
- metal oxide, metal nitride, metal oxynitride, carbon black, graphite, azo-based pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, or carbon-based material can include
- chromium oxide (CrxOy, etc.) or copper oxide (CuxOy, etc.) may be exemplified as the metal oxide
- aluminum oxynitride (AlxOyNz, etc.) may be exemplified as the metal oxynitride. It can be, but is not limited thereto.
- carbon-based material porous carbon such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, and activated carbon may be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
- the black spacer pattern may be produced by mixing the material (eg, carbon-based material) with the above-described binder and then curing it, or applying the material itself to deposition or plating in an appropriate manner.
- material eg, carbon-based material
- the types of pigments or dyes that can be used in this application are not limited to the above, and appropriate types may be selected according to the desired darkening (optical density), etc., and the ratio may also be selected in consideration of the darkening, etc. .
- the substrate layer of the substrate any substrate layer used as a substrate in a known optical device configuration such as, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light emitting device (OLED) may be applied without particular limitation.
- the base layer may be an inorganic base layer or an organic base layer.
- a glass substrate layer may be exemplified as the inorganic substrate layer, and various plastic films may be exemplified as the organic substrate layer.
- plastic film examples include TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film; COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) films such as norbornene derivatives; Acrylic film such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); polycarbonate (PC) film; polyolefin film such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film; diacetyl cellulose (DAC) film; polyacrylate (Pac) film; polyether sulfone (PES) film; polyetheretherketon (PEEK) film; polyphenylsulfone (PPS) film, polyetherimide (PEI) film; polyethylenemaphthatlate (PEN) film; polyethyleneterephtalate (PET) film; polyimide (PI) film; polysulfone (PSF)
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- COP cyclo olefin copolymer
- Acrylic film such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (P
- the thickness of the substrate layer is not particularly limited, and an appropriate range may be selected according to the purpose.
- the substrate of the present application may include other elements required for driving the optical device in addition to the base layer and the spacer pattern. These elements are known in various ways, and representative examples include an electrode layer and the like. In one example, the substrate may further include an electrode layer between the base layer and the spacer pattern. As the electrode layer, a known material can be applied. For example, the electrode layer may include a metal alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture of two or more of the above.
- These materials include metals such as gold, CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc tin oxide (ZTO), zinc oxide doped with aluminum or indium, magnesium indium oxide, nickel tungsten oxide,
- An oxide material such as ZnO, SnO 2 or In 2 O 3 , a metal nitride such as gallium nitride, a metal selenide such as zinc selenide, a metal sulfide such as zinc sulfide, and the like can be exemplified.
- the transparent hole-injecting electrode layer can also be formed using, for example, a laminate of a metal thin film such as Au, Ag or Cu and a high refractive transparent material such as ZnS, TiO 2 or ITO.
- the electrode layer may be formed by any means such as vapor deposition, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition or electrochemical means. Patterning of the electrode layer is also possible in a known manner without particular limitation, and may be patterned through, for example, a known photolithography process or a process using a shadow mask.
- the substrate of the present application may further include an alignment layer present on the base layer and the spacer pattern.
- Another exemplary substrate of the present application includes a base layer; the spacer pattern present on the base layer; and an alignment layer formed on the base layer and the spacer pattern.
- the type of alignment layer formed on the substrate layer and the spacer pattern is not particularly limited, and a known alignment layer, for example, a known rubbing alignment layer or a photo-alignment layer may be applied.
- a method of forming the alignment layer on the substrate layer and the spacer pattern and performing alignment treatment thereon also follows a known method.
- the substrate may include a protective film as an additional component.
- the substrate may further include a protective adhesive film attached to the surface of the base layer on which the spacer pattern is formed.
- a known protective adhesive film may be used as the adhesive film without particular limitation.
- the substrate of the present application as described above can be applied to an optical device to secure uniform and excellent optical performance without causing unnecessary diffraction.
- This application also relates to an optical device formed using the substrate.
- An exemplary optical device of the present application may include the substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to the substrate and maintaining a distance from the substrate by a spacer of the substrate.
- a light modulation layer may be present in a gap between the two substrates.
- the term light modulation layer may include all types of known layers capable of changing at least one characteristic among characteristics such as polarization state, transmittance, color tone and reflectance of incident light according to a purpose.
- the light modulation layer is a layer containing a liquid crystal material and is a liquid crystal layer that is switched between a diffusion mode and a transmission mode by on-off of a voltage, for example, a vertical electric field or a horizontal electric field, or , a liquid crystal layer that switches between a transmission mode and a blocking mode, or a liquid crystal layer that switches between a transmission mode and a color mode, or a liquid crystal layer that switches between color modes of different colors.
- a voltage for example, a vertical electric field or a horizontal electric field, or , a liquid crystal layer that switches between a transmission mode and a blocking mode, or a liquid crystal layer that switches between a transmission mode and a color mode, or a liquid crystal layer that switches between color modes of different colors.
- Light modulation layers capable of performing the above functions, for example, liquid crystal layers, are variously known.
- a liquid crystal layer used in a conventional liquid crystal display may be used.
- the light modulation layer includes various types of so-called guest host liquid crystal layers, polymer dispersed liquid crystal layers, pixel-isolated liquid crystal layers, and floating liquid crystal layers. It may be a suspended particle device or an electrochromic display.
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is a higher level concept including so-called PILC (pixel isolated liquid crystal), PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal), PNLC (Polymer Network Liquid Crystal) or PSLC (Polymer Stablized Liquid Crystal), etc. .
- the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer (PDLC) may include, for example, a polymer network and a liquid crystal region including a liquid crystal compound dispersed in a phase-separated state from the polymer network.
- the implementation method or form of the light modulation layer as described above is not particularly limited, and a known method may be adopted without limitation according to the purpose.
- the optical device may further include additional known functional layers, such as a polarization layer, a hard coating layer, and/or an antireflection layer, if necessary.
- additional known functional layers such as a polarization layer, a hard coating layer, and/or an antireflection layer, if necessary.
- the present application provides a substrate including a spacer pattern.
- the present application it is applied to various optical devices, and it is possible to provide a substrate capable of maintaining a uniform and stable distance between substrates while maximally securing an active area without causing optical defects including diffraction.
- the present application may also provide an optical device including the substrate.
- FIG. 1 and 2 are diagrams of exemplary spacer patterns of the present application.
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process of forming the spacer pattern of FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a process of forming a spacer pattern of the present application.
- 5 to 7 are views of exemplary spacer patterns of the present application.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of an exemplary spacer pattern of the present application.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram of an exemplary spacer pattern of the present application.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram of an exemplary spacer pattern of the present application.
- 11 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a spacer pattern that satisfies Condition 2.
- FIG. 14 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a process of calculating the area of a closed figure of an exemplary spacer pattern of the present application.
- 15 is a view of a spacer pattern of a comparative example.
- 16 is an example of a curving process for forming a spacer pattern.
- 17 is a diagram of an exemplary spacer pattern of the present application.
- FIG. 18 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a process of forming the spacer pattern of FIG. 10 .
- 19 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a process of forming a spacer pattern.
- 20 is a schematic view for explaining a diffraction test performed on a substrate of the present application.
- 21 is a diagram showing a method of measuring the size of a diffraction pattern of a bag image.
- 22 is a diagram of a spacer pattern of a comparative example.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram of a spacer pattern of a comparative example.
- Diffraction patterns were analyzed for each of the substrates (substrate layer/indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode layer/spacer pattern structure) prepared in Example or Comparative Example. Analysis of the diffraction pattern was performed on a substrate having a horizontal and vertical length of 100 mm, respectively.
- substrates substrate layer/indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode layer/spacer pattern structure
- a circular LED light source 100 and a camera 200 capable of receiving light from the light source are disposed at intervals of about 60 cm.
- the substrate 10 was placed between the light source 100 and the camera 200 .
- the substrate 10 was disposed to have a distance of 30 cm from each of the light source 100 and the camera 200 .
- the light source 100 is disposed to radiate light to the center (center of gravity) of the substrate 10, and the camera 200 is configured so that the light emitted from the light source 100 is directly incident when the substrate 10 is not present. placed where possible.
- the substrate 10 is disposed so that the surface on which the spacers are formed faces the direction of the light source 100 .
- the light source 100 is an LED (Light Emitting Diode) light source 100 that emits light having a wavelength of about 550 nm, and has a circular shape with a diameter of about 3 mm.
- LED Light Emitting Diode
- the shooting mode of the camera 200 was set to a landscape mode.
- the recorded image (image to be analyzed) was changed to a black and white image using the Image J program (ImageJ bundled with 64-bit Java 1.8.0_172).
- the Threshold function of the Image J program was used. In the absence of the substrate, light was irradiated with the LED light source 100 of FIG. 20 and the image received by the camera 200 was changed to a black and white image, and the back image was used as a reference image. When the reference image was changed, the automatically designated threshold value through the Threshold function of the Image J program was input in the same way when analyzing other images.
- the horizontal line L1 and the vertical line L2 and the angle formed by the horizontal line L1 and the vertical line L2 (90 degrees) ) was designated as two diagonal lines (L3 and L4) in the direction of bisecting, and the length of the pixels of the bag image was obtained along each line, and the area of the bag image was also obtained.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows the black-and-white image.
- a portion indicated by B is a black area of the black-and-white image
- a portion indicated by W is a white area (white image).
- the pixel length of the bag image is the number of pixels in the portion where the bag image exists, and is dimensionless. That is, the pixel lengths of the horizontal line L1, the vertical line L2, and the diagonal lines L3 and L4 are the number of pixels of the area occupied by the horizontal line L1, the vertical line L2, and the diagonal lines L3 and L4, respectively. am.
- the length of the horizontal line L1 is the length of a line passing through the center of the bag image in the vertical direction of the black and white image
- the length of the vertical line L2 is the length of the line passing through the center of the bag image in the horizontal direction of the black and white image.
- the point (central point) at which the horizontal line L1 and the vertical line L2 intersect is a position where the four areas of the bag image divided by the horizontal line L1 and the vertical line L2 can have substantially the same area as each other.
- the left and right diagonal lines L3 and L4 pass through the center point of the bag image and form 45 degrees with the vertical line L2 and the horizontal line L1, respectively. That is, the directions of the horizontal line L1, the vertical line L2, and the diagonal lines L3 and L4 form an angle of 45 degrees to each other.
- the reference image is a back image obtained by irradiating light with the LED light source 100 in the absence of the substrate 10 and changing the image received by the camera 200 into a black and white image
- the image The area of is the area A2 of the back image of the black and white image of the LED light in this specification.
- the area A1 of the back image in the black-and-white image obtained by transmitting LED light through the substrate that is, the analysis target image when the area A2 of the back image, which is the reference image, is viewed as 100% (light source area
- the relative area ratio (unit: %)) was described, and their ratio (A1/A2) was also described.
- the optical density is a result of measurement in the following manner.
- a curable composition for spacer pattern production is applied on the transparent layer of the laminate in which a transparent layer (ITO (indium tin oxide) layer) is formed on a transparent PET (poly (ethylene terephthalate)) base film, and ultraviolet rays are irradiated (wavelength: about 365 nm, UV irradiation amount: 2,200 mJ/cm 2 to 4,400 mJ/cm 2 ) to form a layer having a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m by curing.
- the thickness is a value measured using Optical Profiler measuring equipment (manufacturer: Nano System, trade name: Nano View-E1000).
- transmittance and optical density of the formed layer are measured using a measuring device (manufacturer: x-rite, trade name: 341C).
- the height of the spacer described below was confirmed using a measuring device (Optical Profiler, Nano System Co., Nano View-E1000).
- the line width of the spacer was confirmed using an optical microscope (Olympus BX 51).
- the net pattern of the spacer as shown in FIG. 8 was designed in the following way. First, a net pattern of a spacer having the form shown in FIG. 15 was formed.
- the shape of the pattern in FIG. 15 is a pattern formed by crossing straight line patterns arranged at regular intervals, and each single closed quadrangle is a square pattern with a side length of about 350 ⁇ m. Subsequently, each side of the square, which is the closed figure, was changed into a curve having a curvature of about 50R.
- the design of the spacer was performed using Minitab, a random number coordinate program, and the same program was used in all examples below.
- the aperture ratio of the finally formed spacer pattern was about 8%.
- the distance between each vertex of the finally formed closed figure was the same as the side of the square.
- a curable composition for producing a spacer pattern was prepared in the following manner.
- a binder commonly used in the manufacture of column spacers the composition was prepared by mixing a ball spacer with a binder containing an ultraviolet curable acrylate compound, a polymerization initiator, and a dispersant.
- a black ball spacer having an average particle diameter of about 6 ⁇ m was used as the ball spacer.
- the ball spacer was mixed in an amount of about 2.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder (the total weight of the acrylate compound, initiator, dispersant, etc.).
- the ball spacer is a black ball spacer, and carbon black, as a darkening material, is mixed in the curable composition in an amount of about 3.5% by weight.
- OD optical density
- the ball spacer was about 0.9 based on a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m.
- About 2 mL to 3 mL of the composition is dropped on the electrode layer of a uniaxially stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film having an amorphous indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode layer formed on the surface, and ultraviolet rays are applied through a mask.
- PET uniaxially stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate)
- ITO amorphous indium tin oxide
- the uncured curable composition was removed (developed) to form a spacer pattern as shown in FIG. 3 .
- the formed spacer pattern had the same shape as designed, and had a line width of about 15 ⁇ m and a height of about 6 ⁇ m. Also, the aperture ratio (percentage of the area occupied by the spacer pattern relative to the total area of the substrate) was about 8%.
- An optical device was manufactured in a known manner using the prepared substrate. Specifically, an optical device was manufactured by injecting a liquid crystal material into a spacer pattern of the substrate, and attaching a second substrate to the spacer pattern of the substrate facing the substrate. In this optical device, the distance between the two substrates was stably maintained, and appearance defects due to non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates were not observed.
- a substrate was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a spacer pattern in which linear line spacers were regularly arranged at intervals of about 350 ⁇ m was formed.
- the line width, height, and aperture ratio of the line spacer were the same as in Example 1.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the substrate of Comparative Example 1. In the fabricated optical device, the distance between the two substrates was stably maintained, and appearance defects due to non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates were not observed.
- the pattern of FIG. 17 was designed in the following way. 17 is a photograph of the spacer pattern with an optical microscope (magnification: x10).
- a so-called honeycomb shape in which regular hexagons are regularly arranged was designed. At this time, the length of one side of the regular hexagon was set to about 350 ⁇ m.
- a line spacer pattern was formed by removing sides from the regular hexagon.
- each point of the formed line spacer (movement illustrated by the dotted line arrow in FIG. 3(c), the same applies to other spacers) is moved with an irregularity of 90%, and also connecting adjacent points among the points Curvature was given to the line with an irregularity of about 80% to change it into a curve (curve exemplified by a solid arrow in FIG. 3(c)).
- Moving the points with 90% irregularity in the above means that, when the length of a straight line connecting adjacent points in one line spacer is P, each of the two points forming the straight line length P is the center of the circle, This means that after setting a circle area having a radius of 90% (0.45P) compared to 0.5P, which is 0.5 times the length P, the point is moved to an arbitrary point in the area within the set circle.
- the curvature given with an irregularity of 80% above means that the lower limit of the curvature is 0R and the upper limit of the curvature is 100R, and then a straight line is curved to have a curvature of any value within the range of 0R to 80R. it means pissed off
- the length L 1 of the straight line connecting both ends of the nonlinear line spacer of FIG. 17 was in the range of about 18 mm to 22 mm, and the average was It was about 20 mm.
- the distance between the two straight lines contacting the most protruding parts in the left and right directions of the spacer was about 58 ⁇ m to 65 ⁇ m, the average was about 61 ⁇ m, and the standard deviation was about 2.
- the pitch between straight lines connecting both ends of each of the plurality of nonlinear line spacers was about 350 ⁇ m.
- the pattern including the designed nonlinear line spacer was crossed at an angle of about 90 degrees to form a net pattern as shown in FIG. 7 .
- the number of closed figures existing in the net shape when formed in this way was about 10,000, and when 100 closed figures were selected from among them and the area was calculated, the average value of the area was about 0.195 mm 2 , and the standard deviation was It was about 0.031.
- 100 closed figures were selected to have a square shape with 10 closed figures horizontally and 10 closed figures vertically (see FIG. 14).
- the formed closed figures are numbered in the same manner as in FIG. 27 closed shapes, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, and 30 closed shapes were selected, and a total of 9 closed shapes were selected and checked by their area.
- the average value was about 0.191 mm 2
- the standard deviation was about 0.040.
- a spacer pattern was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mask having openings having the same shape as the designed spacer pattern was used as the photomask.
- the formed spacer pattern had the same shape as designed, and had a line width of about 15 ⁇ m and a height of about 6 ⁇ m.
- the aperture ratio (percentage of the area occupied by the spacer pattern relative to the total area of the substrate) was about 8%.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the manufactured substrate. In the fabricated optical device, the distance between the two substrates was stably maintained, and appearance defects due to non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates were not observed.
- the net pattern of the spacer as shown in FIG. 9 was designed in the following way. First, a net pattern of a spacer having a shape as shown in FIG. 15 was formed.
- the shape is a pattern formed by crossing straight line patterns arranged at regular intervals, and is a square pattern in which each rectangle, which is a single closed figure, has a side length of about 350 ⁇ m. After that, a pattern was formed by moving each vertex of the quadrangle, which is a single closed figure, with an irregularity of 70%.
- moving the points with an irregularity of 70% means that when the length of the straight line connecting each of the vertices (in this embodiment, the length of the side of the square) is P, each of the two vertices forming the straight line length P
- the point was moved to an arbitrary point in the area within the set circle.
- the number of closed figures existing in the net shape when formed in this way was about 10,000, and when 100 closed figures were selected from among them and the area was calculated, the average value of the area was about 0.192 mm 2 , and the standard deviation was about It was about 0.14.
- 100 closed figures were selected to have a square shape with 10 closed figures horizontally and 10 closed figures vertically (see FIG. 14).
- the formed closed figures are numbered in the manner shown in FIG. 14, and the closed figures of 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26 and 27 closed shapes, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, and 30 closed shapes were selected, and a total of 9 closed shapes were selected and checked by their area.
- the average value was about 0.190 mm 2
- the standard deviation was about 0.171.
- the average value of the side length of each closed figure finally formed in the pattern was about 350 ⁇ m.
- a spacer pattern was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mask having openings having the same shape as the designed spacer pattern was used as the photomask.
- the formed spacer pattern had the same shape as designed, and had a line width of about 15 ⁇ m and a height of about 6 ⁇ m.
- the aperture ratio (percentage of the area occupied by the spacer pattern relative to the total area of the substrate) was about 8%.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the manufactured substrate. In the fabricated optical device, the distance between the two substrates was stably maintained, and appearance defects due to non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates were not observed.
- a substrate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the line width, height, and aperture ratio of the line spacer were the same as in Example 2.
- a substrate was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the net-shaped spacer pattern of FIG. 15 applied to form the spacer pattern in Example 1 was applied.
- the length of one side of the square, which is a single closed figure, is the same as in Example 1.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the substrate. In the fabricated optical device, the distance between the two substrates was stably maintained, and appearance defects due to non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates were not observed.
- the net pattern of the spacer as shown in FIG. 10 was designed in the following way. First, a net pattern of a spacer having a shape as shown in FIG. 18 was formed.
- the regular hexagon is a so-called honeycomb pattern in which closed shapes are regularly arranged, and each hexagon, which is a single closed shape, is a square pattern with a side length of about 350 ⁇ m.
- moving the points with an irregularity of 70% means that when the length of the straight line connecting each of the vertices (in this embodiment, the length of the side of the hexagon) is P, each of the two vertices forming the straight line length P After setting a circle area having a radius of 70% of the length (0.35P) compared to the length 0.5P, which is 0.5 times the length P, with the center of the circle set, the point was moved to an arbitrary point in the area within the set circle. means (see Figure 4)
- the curvature of the sides of the hexagon was performed by applying a curvature to an irregularity of about 80%. That is, first setting the curvature within the range of 0R to 100R, then setting the lower limit of the curvature to 0R and the upper limit of the curvature to 80R within the range, arbitrarily any one within the range of 0R to 80R
- Each side of the hexagon was curved to have a value of curvature.
- the bending direction of each side of the hexagon was set to be selected arbitrarily.
- the number of closed figures existing in the net shape when formed in this way was about 10,000, and when 100 closed figures were selected from among them and the area was calculated, the average value of the area was about 0.306 mm 2 , and the standard deviation was It was about 0.0899.
- 100 closed figures were selected to have a square shape with 10 closed figures horizontally and 10 closed figures vertically (see FIG. 14).
- the formed closed figures are numbered in the same manner as in FIG. 27 closed shapes, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, and 30 closed shapes were selected, and a total of 9 closed shapes were selected and checked by their area.
- the average value was about 0.314mm 2
- the standard deviation was about 0.093.
- a spacer pattern was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mask having openings having the same shape as the designed spacer pattern was used as the photomask.
- the formed spacer pattern had the same shape as designed, and had a line width of about 15 ⁇ m and a height of about 6 ⁇ m.
- the aperture ratio (percentage of the area occupied by the spacer pattern relative to the total area of the substrate) was about 8%.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the manufactured substrate. In the fabricated optical device, the distance between the two substrates was stably maintained, and appearance defects due to non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates were not observed.
- a substrate was formed in the same manner as in Example 4, except that a honeycomb-shaped spacer pattern, as shown in FIG. 18, applied to form the spacer pattern in Example 4 was applied.
- the length of one side of the regular hexagon which is a single closed figure, is the same as in Example 4.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the manufactured substrate. In the fabricated optical device, the distance between the two substrates was stably maintained, and appearance defects due to non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates were not observed.
- FIGS. 28 to 31 are images for Comparative Examples 1 to 4, respectively.
- the image on the left is an image before black-and-white conversion
- the image on the right is an image after black-and-white conversion.
- a spacer pattern was designed in the same manner as in Example 3. However, when moving each vertex of a quadrangle, which is a single closed figure in the net pattern of the spacer, the irregularity was set to 100%. Therefore, in this case, when the length of the straight line connecting the vertices of the closed figure (in this embodiment, the length of the side of the square) is P, each of the two vertices forming the straight line length P is set as the center of the circle. , means that after setting a circular area having a radius of length (0.5P) that is 0.5 times the length P, the point is moved to an arbitrary point in the area within the set circle.
- 0.5P radius of length
- the number of closed figures existing in the net shape when formed in this way was about 10,000, and when the area was calculated by selecting 100 closed figures among them, the average value of the area was about 0.181 mm 2 , and the standard deviation was about It was about 5.
- 100 closed figures were selected to have a square shape with 10 closed figures horizontally and 10 closed figures vertically (see FIG. 14).
- the formed closed figures are numbered in the manner shown in FIG. 14, and the closed figures of 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26 and 27 closed shapes, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, and 30 closed shapes were selected, and a total of 9 closed shapes were selected and checked by their area.
- the average value was about 0.25 mm 2
- the standard deviation was about 4.5.
- a spacer pattern was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mask having openings having the same shape as the designed spacer pattern was used as the photomask.
- the formed spacer pattern had the same shape as designed, and had a line width of about 15 ⁇ m and a height of about 6 ⁇ m.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the manufactured substrate. In the case of the optical device manufactured in this way, the distance between the two substrates is not stably maintained due to the excessively large irregularity of the spacer pattern, and different distances are formed for each area, and accordingly, the non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates when observing the appearance, etc.
- a spacer pattern was designed in the same manner as in Example 4. However, when moving each vertex of a hexagon, which is a single closed figure, in the net pattern of the spacer, the irregularity was designated as 100%. Therefore, in this case, when the length of the straight line connecting the vertices of the closed figure (in this embodiment, the length of the side of the square) is P, each of the two vertices forming the straight line length P is set as the center of the circle. , means that after setting a circular area having a radius of length (0.5P) that is 0.5 times the length P, the point is moved to an arbitrary point in the area within the set circle.
- 0.5P radius of length
- the number of closed figures existing in the net shape when formed in this way was about 10,000, and when 100 closed figures were selected from among them and the area was calculated, the average value of the area was about 0.456 mm 2 , and the standard deviation was about It was around 5.5.
- 100 closed figures were selected to have a square shape with 10 closed figures horizontally and 10 closed figures vertically (see FIG. 14).
- the formed closed figures are numbered in the manner shown in FIG. 14, and the closed figures of 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26 and 27 closed shapes, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, and 30 closed shapes were selected, and a total of 9 closed shapes were selected and checked by their area.
- the average value was about 0.214 mm 2
- the standard deviation was about 5.
- a spacer pattern was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mask having openings having the same shape as the designed spacer pattern was used as the photomask.
- the formed spacer pattern had the same shape as designed, and had a line width of about 15 ⁇ m and a height of about 6 ⁇ m.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using the manufactured substrate. In the case of the optical device manufactured in this way, the distance between the two substrates is not stably maintained due to the excessively large irregularity of the spacer pattern, and different distances are formed for each area, and accordingly, the non-uniformity of the distance between the substrates when observing the appearance, etc.
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Abstract
Description
| 광원 면적 대비 면적 비율(%) | 픽셀 길이(=픽셀의 수) | |||||
| 가로 | 세로 | 대각선1 | 대각선2 | 표준 편차 | ||
| 실시예1 | 166(A1/A2=1.66 | 340 | 340 | 270 | 276 | 38.8 |
| 실시예2 | 141(A1/A2=1.41 | 324 | 313 | 252 | 251 | 38.9 |
| 실시예3 | 115(A1/A2=1.15 | 278 | 271 | 252 | 250 | 13.9 |
| 실시예4 | 117(A1/A2=1.17 | 263 | 257 | 258 | 260 | 2.6 |
| 비교예1 | 121(A1/A2=1.21 | 516 | 200 | 216 | 216 | 152.8 |
| 비교예2 | 115(A1/A2=1.15 | 501 | 264 | 218 | 222 | 134.9 |
| 비교예3 | 129(A1/A2=1.29 | 391 | 384 | 217 | 224 | 96.5 |
| 비교예4 | 104(A1/A2=1.04 | 302 | 189 | 260 | 285 | 49.8 |
Claims (19)
- 기재층; 및 상기 기재층상에 형성되고, 복수의 폐도형을 형성하도록 서로 교차하고 있는 복수의 라인 스페이서를 포함하며,하기 식 1을 만족하는 기판:[식 1]A ≠ 180×(n-2)/n식 1에서 A는, 상기 폐도형을 이루는 교차점 중 인접하는 3개의 교차점에 의해서 형성되는 상기 폐도형의 내각이고, n은 상기 폐도형을 이루는 교차점의 수이다.
- 기재층; 및 상기 기재층상에 형성되고, 복수의 폐도형을 형성하도록 서로 교차하고 있는 복수의 라인 스페이서를 포함하며,상기 복수의 라인 스페이서의 교차점에서 라인 스페이서가 곡선 형태인 기판.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 식 1의 A가 10도 내지 200도의 범위 내에 있는 기판.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 3 항에 있어서, 폐도형을 형성하는 교차점 중 인접하는 교차점을 연결하는 라인 스페이서는 곡선 형태인 기판.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 곡선 형태의 곡률이 5R 내지 95R의 범위 내에 있는 기판.
- 제 1 항 및 제 3 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 폐도형을 형성하는 교차점의 수가 3개 내지 10개의 범위 내에 있는 기판.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 곡선 형태의 곡률이 5R 내지 95R의 범위 내인 기판.
- 제 2 항 또는 제 7 항에 있어서, 인접 교차점을 연결하는 라인 스페이서는 곡선 형태인 기판.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 곡선 형태의 라인 스페이서는 하나의 곡률을 가지거나, 상기 라인 스페이서를 기준으로 같은 방향에 곡률 중심을 형성하는 곡선 형태인 기판.
- 제 8 항 또는 제 9 항에 있어서, 인접 교차점을 연결하는 라인 스페이서의 곡률이 5R 내지 95R의 범위 내인 기판.
- 제 2 항 내지 제 10 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 폐도형의 변을 이루는 꼭지점간의 직선 거리의 표준 편차가 2 이하인 기판.
- 제 2 항 내지 제 11 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 네트 형태에서 단일 폐도형을 이루는 꼭지점의 수가 짝수이고, 상기 폐도형의 변 중에서 마주보는 변을 형성하는 라인 스페이서는 같은 방향으로 휘어진 곡선 형태인 기판.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 폐도형의 변 중에서 마주보는 변을 형성하는 곡선 형태의 라인 스페이서의 곡률의 차이가 5% 이하인 기판.
- 기재층; 및 상기 기재층상에 형성되고, 복수의 폐도형을 형성하도록 서로 교차하고 있는 복수의 라인 스페이서를 포함하며,상기 복수의 폐도형의 면적의 평균이 0.01 mm2 내지 2 mm2의 범위 내에 있고,상기 폐도형의 면적의 표준 편차가 4 이하인 기판.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 임의의 하나의 폐도형 및 상기 폐도형을 직접 둘러싸는 8개의 폐도형인 9개의 폐도형의 면적의 평균에 대한 복수의 폐도형의 면적의 평균의 비율이 0.5 내지 1.5의 범위 내에 있는 기판.
- 제 14 항 또는 제 15 항에 있어서, 임의의 하나의 폐도형과 상기 폐도형을 직접 둘러싸는 8개의 폐도형의 면적의 표준 편차가 4 이하인 기판.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 16 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 기재층과 스페이서 패턴의 사이에 전극층이 추가로 존재하고, 상기 스페이서 패턴은 상기 전극층에 접하고 있는 기판.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 16 항 중 어느 한 항의 기판 및 상기 기판과 대향 배치되어 있고, 상기 기판의 스페이서 패턴에 의해 상기 기판과의 간격이 유지된 제 2 기판을 포함하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 18 항에 있어서, 기판 사이의 간격에는 액정 물질이 존재하는 광학 디바이스.
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| US18/717,111 US20250341746A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2022-12-07 | Substrate |
| EP22904655.2A EP4446807A4 (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2022-12-07 | SUBSTRATE |
| CN202280080152.XA CN118435113A (zh) | 2021-12-09 | 2022-12-07 | 基底 |
| JP2024532582A JP7790004B2 (ja) | 2021-12-09 | 2022-12-07 | 基板 |
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| KR10-2021-0175391 | 2021-12-09 | ||
| KR10-2021-0175388 | 2021-12-09 | ||
| KR20210175391 | 2021-12-09 | ||
| KR20210175388 | 2021-12-09 | ||
| KR20210175390 | 2021-12-09 | ||
| KR10-2021-0175390 | 2021-12-09 | ||
| KR1020220169062A KR20230087392A (ko) | 2021-12-09 | 2022-12-06 | 기판 |
| KR1020220169064A KR20230087394A (ko) | 2021-12-09 | 2022-12-06 | 기판 |
| KR10-2022-0169064 | 2022-12-06 | ||
| KR10-2022-0169062 | 2022-12-06 | ||
| KR1020220169063A KR20230087393A (ko) | 2021-12-09 | 2022-12-06 | 기판 |
| KR10-2022-0169063 | 2022-12-06 |
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| JP2012234142A (ja) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-11-29 | Sony Corp | 表示装置 |
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| ES2923951T3 (es) | 2012-02-14 | 2022-10-03 | E Ink California Llc | Diseños de microcavidades para pantalla electroforética |
| GB201416385D0 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-10-29 | Vlyte Innovations Ltd | A chiral nematic liqid crystal light shutter |
| CN111983866A (zh) | 2019-05-24 | 2020-11-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 调光玻璃及其制备方法 |
| KR102832001B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-18 | 2025-07-08 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 패턴 필름, 패턴 필름의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 투과도 가변 디바이스 |
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- 2022-12-07 EP EP22904655.2A patent/EP4446807A4/en active Pending
- 2022-12-07 WO PCT/KR2022/019793 patent/WO2023106826A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-07 JP JP2024532582A patent/JP7790004B2/ja active Active
- 2022-12-07 US US18/717,111 patent/US20250341746A1/en active Pending
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| JP2012234142A (ja) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-11-29 | Sony Corp | 表示装置 |
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| KR20220169062A (ko) | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-27 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 및 그 구동 방법 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20250341746A1 (en) | 2025-11-06 |
| EP4446807A1 (en) | 2024-10-16 |
| EP4446807A4 (en) | 2025-04-16 |
| JP2024542713A (ja) | 2024-11-15 |
| JP7790004B2 (ja) | 2025-12-23 |
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