WO2023116278A1 - 一种电流传感器 - Google Patents

一种电流传感器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116278A1
WO2023116278A1 PCT/CN2022/132435 CN2022132435W WO2023116278A1 WO 2023116278 A1 WO2023116278 A1 WO 2023116278A1 CN 2022132435 W CN2022132435 W CN 2022132435W WO 2023116278 A1 WO2023116278 A1 WO 2023116278A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic induction
copper bar
differential
induction unit
current
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/132435
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘明峰
施然
薛松生
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MultiDimension Technology Co Ltd
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MultiDimension Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US18/723,372 priority Critical patent/US20250067780A1/en
Priority to EP22909594.8A priority patent/EP4455684A4/en
Priority to JP2024537438A priority patent/JP7812449B6/ja
Publication of WO2023116278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116278A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/145—Indicating the presence of current or voltage
    • G01R19/15—Indicating the presence of current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/207—Constructional details independent of the type of device used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/205—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using magneto-resistance devices, e.g. field plates

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of electrical quantity measurement, and in particular to a current sensor.
  • the current sensor is a current detection device, which can convert the detected current information according to a certain rule into an electrical signal that meets certain standards or other required forms of information output, so as to meet the transmission, processing, storage, display, and recording of information. and control requirements. Widely used in household appliances, smart grid, electric vehicles, wind power generation and other fields.
  • the most widely used current sensor is the magnetic current sensor, which mainly includes fluxgate current sensor, Hall current sensor and magnetoresistive current sensor.
  • the fluxgate current sensor has good linearity, high precision, and good temperature drift performance, but requires a high-permeability magnetic core, resulting in larger volume, complex circuit, and higher cost.
  • the Hall current sensor technology is mature, but it has low sensitivity, poor temperature drift characteristics, and small bandwidth, and its magnetic field sensitivity direction is perpendicular to the plane where the Hall element is located.
  • the magnetoresistive current sensor mainly includes anisotropic magnetoresistance AMR, giant magnetoresistance GMR and tunnel magnetoresistance TMR current sensor, whose magnetic field sensitivity direction is parallel to the plane where the magnetoresistance device is located, with high sensitivity and good linearity;
  • the saturation field of the device is generally small, and its internal magnetoresistive sensitive element is prone to magnetic saturation during large current measurement, resulting in a small current measurement range and affecting its application range.
  • the current input mode of the magnetoresistive current sensor to be measured includes the following types: (1)
  • the ring-shaped iron core is used to induce the magnetic field of the current wire to be measured, and the volume and weight are large.
  • the current to be measured is directly input into the single-layer U-shaped copper conduction path of the integrated GMR current sensor; (3) In the patent application number 202011547895.2, the current to be measured is input into a (4) In the patent application number 201811455342.7, the current input cross-sectional shape of the current to be tested is a rectangular or rounded rectangular copper bar type wire to be tested; in this type of input mode, the single current input path is easy to exceed the magnetic resistance The linear working range of the sensitive element causes the magnetoresistive sensitive element to be easily saturated, which limits the current measurement range.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a current sensor to solve the problems of the existing current sensor such as large volume and small current measurement range.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a current sensor, including: a primary current input copper bar, a magnetic induction module, and a circuit board;
  • the primary side current input copper bar includes a primary side input terminal, a primary side output terminal, a differential copper bar area and a shunt copper bar area;
  • the differential copper bar area and the shunt copper bar area are electrically connected in parallel, the differential copper bar area includes a U-shaped structure current conduction path, and the number of the shunt copper bar area is one or more, any The shunt copper bar area and the differential copper bar area are located at the same level or at different levels;
  • the number of the primary side input terminal is one or more, the number of the primary side output terminal is one or more, and any one of the primary side input terminals and the primary side output terminal is electrically connected to the differential copper bar area. Connect or be electrically connected with the shunt copper bar area;
  • composition of the primary side current input copper bar adopts one of the following two situations: (1) integrally formed; (2) formed by connecting more than one independent copper bar, and the independent copper bar contains part or all of the original side input terminal, the primary side output terminal, the differential copper bar area and the shunt copper bar area;
  • the magnetic induction module is fixed on the circuit board, and the magnetic induction module is located above the U-shaped structure current conduction path in the differential copper bar area, and the output of the magnetic induction module forms the output signal of the current sensor.
  • the current sensor provided by the embodiments of the present invention has a large current measurement range, electrical isolation of input and output, can measure AC and DC currents, has adjustable sensitivity, and has strong resistance to external magnetic field interference.
  • the control of the current measurement range is realized by shunting the U-shaped structure current conduction path in parallel; therefore, the current input range can be adjusted by controlling the structure, quantity, and plane of the shunt copper bar area, and then realize Large current measurement without iron core reduces the size and weight; further simplifies the design of the current sensor by adopting integrated processing, the structure is simple, and the production cost is reduced; it is suitable for magnetic induction where the magnetic field sensitivity direction is perpendicular or parallel to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located
  • the unit expands the measurement range of high-sensitivity small saturation field magnetoresistive devices, and has the characteristics of electrical isolation of input and output, measurable AC and DC current, adjustable sensitivity, and strong ability to resist external magnetic field interference.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of an existing U-shaped copper conduction path
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result that the x component of the magnetic field produced in Fig. 1 changes along the x axis;
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the simulated calculation result that the z component of the magnetic field produced in Fig. 1 changes along the x-axis;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a primary current input copper bar provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result that the x component of the magnetic field produced in Fig. 4 changes along the x axis;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result of the z component of the magnetic field generated in Fig. 4 changing along the x-axis;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another primary current input copper bar provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result of the x component of the magnetic field generated in Fig. 7 changing along the x axis;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of another primary current input copper bar provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result of the x-component of the magnetic field generated in Fig. 9 changing along the x-axis;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another primary current input copper bar provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result of the x-component of the magnetic field generated in Fig. 11 changing along the x-axis;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the single-bridge differential half-bridge structure of the magnetic induction module
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the single-bridge differential full-bridge structure of the magnetic induction module
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the dual push-pull half-bridge differential structure of the magnetic induction module
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the dual push-pull full-bridge differential structure of the magnetic induction module
  • Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a current sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view of another current sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view of another current sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic top view of the current sensor shown in Fig. 19;
  • Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view of another current sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of another current sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic top view of the current sensor shown in FIG. 22 .
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a current sensor, the current sensor includes: a primary current input copper bar, a magnetic induction module and a circuit board; the primary current input copper bar includes a primary input terminal, a primary output terminal, a differential copper bar area and Shunt copper bar area; the differential copper bar area and the shunt copper bar area are electrically connected in parallel, the differential copper bar area includes a U-shaped structure current conduction path, the number of shunt copper bar areas is one or more, and any shunt copper bar area The area and the differential copper bar area are located on the same horizontal plane or different horizontal planes; the number of primary side input terminals is one or more, and the number of primary side output terminals is one or more.
  • the independent copper bar includes part or all of the primary side input terminal, the primary side output terminal, the differential copper bar area and the shunt copper bar area;
  • the magnetic induction module is fixed on the circuit board, and the magnetic induction module is located in the U-shaped structure current conduction path in the differential copper bar area Above, the output of the magnetic sensing module forms the output signal of the current sensor.
  • the current sensor converts the current to be measured through the primary current input copper bar into the input magnetic field of the magnetic induction module, which realizes large current measurement without iron core, reduces volume and weight, has simple structure, low processing cost, and expands It has widened the measurement range of high-sensitivity small saturation field magnetoresistive devices, and has the characteristics of electrical isolation of input and output, measurable AC and DC current, adjustable sensitivity, and strong ability to resist external magnetic field interference.
  • the optional magnetic induction module adopts one of the following three situations:
  • the magnetic induction module includes at least a first magnetic induction unit and a second magnetic induction unit, the first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit are respectively located above two current conduction paths with a parallel positional relationship in the U-shaped structure current conduction path, the second The first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit induce the magnetic field generated by the primary current input copper bar in a differential manner, and generate differential voltage signals.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor is parallel to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located;
  • the magnetic induction module includes at least a third magnetic induction unit.
  • the vertical projection position of the third magnetic induction unit is located inside the U-shaped enclosing area of the U-shaped structure current conduction path.
  • the third magnetic induction unit directly induces the primary current input copper bar. Magnetic field, and generate a voltage signal, the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor is perpendicular to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located;
  • the magnetic induction module includes at least a third magnetic induction unit and a fourth magnetic induction unit.
  • the vertical projection position of the fourth magnetic induction unit is located outside the U-shaped enclosing area of the U-shaped structure current conduction path.
  • the third magnetic induction unit and the fourth magnetic induction unit The magnetic field generated by the primary current input copper bar is induced in a differential manner, and a differential voltage signal is generated.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor is perpendicular to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located.
  • the optional first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit respectively include one or more magnetoresistance bridge arms, and each magnetoresistance bridge arm is composed of one or more magnetoresistance sensitive elements connected in series and parallel;
  • the bridge structure adopted by any magnetic induction unit is one of differential half-bridge structure, differential full-bridge structure, double push-pull half-bridge differential structure and double push-pull full-bridge differential structure :
  • the differential half-bridge structure is a single bridge, and the first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit together form the same single-bridge differential half-bridge structure, and form an output signal of the differential half-bridge structure;
  • the differential full bridge structure is a single bridge, the first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit together form the same single bridge differential full bridge structure, and form an output signal of the differential full bridge structure;
  • the first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit both adopt a push-pull half-bridge structure and form voltage output signals respectively, and the voltage output signals of the two push-pull half-bridge structures are differentially formed to form a double push Pull the output signal of the half-bridge differential structure;
  • the first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit both adopt a push-pull full-bridge structure and form voltage output signals respectively, and the voltage output signals of the two push-pull full-bridge structures are differentially formed to form a double-push Pull the output signal of the full bridge differential structure.
  • the optional primary side current input copper bar is electrically isolated from the magnetic induction module and the circuit board respectively.
  • the optional magnetic induction module also includes a signal conditioning circuit, and the signal conditioning circuit adopts one of an open-loop signal conditioning circuit and a closed-loop signal conditioning circuit.
  • the primary current input copper bar can also be referred to as a primary current wire or a copper primary conduction path, etc., and mainly plays a role of introducing the current to be measured into the current sensor.
  • the U-shaped structure refers to the structure in which the current conduction path has an anti-parallel current position relationship, thus including but not limited to similar shapes such as "several" type, "n" type, etc. using acute angles, right angles, obtuse angles or The rounded corners act as a turning point for the structure.
  • the existing U-shaped copper conduction path is a single-layer U-shaped copper conduction path, that is, a U-shaped copper bar.
  • the current to be measured is directly input into the single-layer U-shaped copper conduction path, the positive direction of the x-axis is horizontally to the right in the plane of the U-shaped copper bar, and the positive direction of the y-axis is vertically upward in the plane of the U-shaped copper bar, perpendicular to the U-shaped copper bar
  • the direction of the plane is the z-axis direction.
  • the two magnetic induction units 211 and 212 are located on the same plane and also located above the U-shaped copper bar, that is, the vertical projection of the U-shaped copper bar along the z direction covers the two magnetic induction units 211 and 212 .
  • the current to be measured is 50A
  • the current to be measured is input into a U-shaped copper bar.
  • the current to be measured generates a magnetic field in the plane of the magnetic induction unit above the U-shaped copper bar.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result of the x-component of the magnetic field changing along the x-axis
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result of the z-component of the magnetic field changing along the x-axis. It can be seen from Figure 2 and Figure 3 that the x-component of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured varies from -9mT to +9mT along the x-axis, and the z-component of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured varies from -15mT to +9mT along the x-axis +2.5mT.
  • the primary side current input copper bar includes a differential copper bar area 11, the differential copper bar area 11 is provided with a U-shaped structure current conduction path as shown in Figure 1, and the primary side current input copper bar also includes a shunt copper bar area 12 , the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 are located in the same plane and electrically connected in parallel.
  • the primary side current input copper bar also includes a primary side input terminal 13 and a primary side output terminal 14 .
  • the optional magnetic induction module includes at least a third magnetic induction unit 213, the vertical projection position of the third magnetic induction unit 213 is located inside the U-shaped enclosing area of the U-shaped structure current conduction path 11, and the third magnetic induction unit 213 directly
  • the induction primary current inputs the magnetic field generated by the copper bar and generates a voltage signal.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor is perpendicular to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located.
  • the third magnetic induction unit 213 and the U-shaped structure current conduction path 11 are located on the same plane.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation result of the x component of the magnetic field generated in FIG. 4 changing along the x axis.
  • the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured is significantly reduced, and the range of the x component of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured along the x-axis is reduced to between -0.75mT and +0.75mT.
  • the z-component of the magnetic field varies along the x-axis to a reduced range of -0.95mT to +0.45mT.
  • the structure shown in Fig. 4 can realize the increase of the current measurement range. It can be seen from the simulation results of the z component of the magnetic field in FIG. 6 that the x component and z component of the magnetic field generated at different positions along the x axis direction by the primary current input copper bar in this embodiment have obvious changes. Therefore, the detection of the current can be realized by placing the magnetic induction unit whose sensitivity direction is along the vertical z direction at the position where the x coordinate is zero, and adopting non-differential measurement; The magnetic induction unit is placed in different positions, and the differential measurement is used to realize the detection of the current.
  • FIG. 7 it is a schematic diagram of another primary current input copper bar provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 it is a schematic diagram of simulation calculation results of the x component of the magnetic field generated in FIG. 7 changing along the x axis.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the U-shaped shunt copper bar area 12 are located in the same plane and electrically connected in parallel.
  • the optional magnetic induction module includes at least a first magnetic induction unit 211 and a second magnetic induction unit 212, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are respectively located in the U-shaped structure current conduction path 11 with two parallel Above the current conduction path of the positional relationship, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 sense the magnetic field generated by the primary current input copper bar in a differential manner, and generate a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor Parallel to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are located on the same plane.
  • the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured shown in FIG. 8 is significantly reduced. Specifically, the x component of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured varies along the x-axis in the range of - 4.5mT to +4.5mT.
  • FIG. 9 it is a schematic diagram of another primary current input copper bar provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 it is a schematic diagram of simulation calculation results of the x-component of the magnetic field generated in FIG. 9 changing along the x-axis.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the U-shaped shunt copper bar area 12 are located in different horizontal planes and electrically connected in parallel.
  • the optional magnetic induction module includes at least a first magnetic induction unit 211 and a second magnetic induction unit 212, and the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are respectively located in two parallel U-shaped structure current conduction paths 11.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 sense the magnetic field generated by the primary current input copper bar in a differential manner, and generate a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor Parallel to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are located on the same plane.
  • the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured shown in FIG. 10 is significantly reduced. Specifically, the x component of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured varies along the x-axis in the range of - 3mT to +3mT.
  • FIG. 11 it is a schematic diagram of another primary current input copper bar provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 it is a schematic diagram of simulation calculation results of the x-component of the magnetic field generated in FIG. 11 changing along the x-axis.
  • the two ends of the U-shaped opening of the optional U-shaped structure current conduction path are electrically connected.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the U-shaped shunt copper bar area 12 can be located in the same horizontal plane or in different horizontal planes, and the two are electrically connected in parallel; The two ends of the opening are connected to form a new current conduction path 111 .
  • the optional magnetic induction module includes at least a first magnetic induction unit 211 and a second magnetic induction unit 212, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are respectively located in the U-shaped structure current conduction path 11 with two parallel Above the current conduction path of the positional relationship, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 sense the magnetic field generated by the primary current input copper bar in a differential manner, and generate a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor Parallel to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are located on the same plane.
  • the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured shown in FIG. 12 is significantly further reduced. Specifically, the x component of the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured varies along the x-axis in the range of -1.4mT to +1.4mT.
  • the differential copper bar area in the primary side current input copper bar is matched with the shunt copper bar area of different designs to form a variety of different current paths. It can be seen from the analysis that the differential copper bar area combined with the shunt copper bar area of different designs can have a significant impact on the x component of the magnetic field. Therefore, by controlling the structure, quantity, plane and thickness of the shunt copper bar area, the input range of the current to be measured can be realized. regulation.
  • the x component of the magnetic field generated by the primary current input copper bars of different designs in the middle area of the section where the magnetic induction unit is located varies approximately linearly along the x axis in the embodiments of the present invention, and there are obvious differences in different positions.
  • the difference, and the direction of the magnetic field on both sides of the center is opposite, which has the property of odd symmetry. It is thus possible to detect current using differential measurements by placing magnetic induction units with sensitivity directions along the in-plane x-axis at different positions.
  • the optional magnetic induction module includes at least a first magnetic induction unit and a second magnetic induction unit.
  • the first magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit are respectively located above two current conduction paths with a parallel positional relationship in the U-shaped structure current conduction path.
  • the first The magnetic induction unit and the second magnetic induction unit induce the magnetic field generated by the primary current input copper bar in a differential manner, and generate a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the magnetic induction unit used by the current sensor is parallel to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located.
  • the primary current input copper bar can generate a differential mode magnetic field at the positions of the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212, the The x component of the magnetic field of the differential mode magnetic field has an obvious difference and is opposite along the two sides of the center of the U-shaped differential copper bar area.
  • the following assumptions are uniformly explained: if the horizontal direction is set to the right as the positive direction of the magnetic field, then the direction of the differential mode magnetic field is to the right at the position of the first magnetic induction unit 211, and at the position of the second magnetic induction unit 212. direction to the left.
  • FIG. 13 it is a schematic diagram of the principle of a single-bridge differential half-bridge structure.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 have the same sensitivity direction, and are aligned to the right.
  • the two magnetic induction units together form a single-bridge differential half-bridge structure.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 includes a magnetoresistive bridge arm 211a
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 includes a magnetoresistance bridge arm 212a
  • the two magnetoresistance bridge arms form a differential half-bridge structure
  • the output Vout is the output of a single bridge differential half-bridge structure Signal.
  • the magnetic induction module When the current to be measured is input to the primary side current and is input to the copper bar, the magnetic induction module induces a magnetic field.
  • the resistance value of the magnetoresistance bridge arm 211a decreases, and the resistance value of the magnetoresistance bridge arm 212a increases.
  • the Vout output will vary linearly with the magnitude of the current to be measured.
  • the sensitivity directions of the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 of the differential half-bridge structure are the same, for an external uniform magnetic field (ie, a common-mode magnetic field), the resistance values of the two magnetoresistive bridge arms 211a and 212a increase or decrease at the same time.
  • the Vout output has no response at this time, so it has a good ability to resist common-mode magnetic field interference.
  • FIG. 14 it is a schematic diagram of the principle of a single-bridge differential full-bridge structure.
  • the first magnetic sensing unit 211 and the second magnetic sensing unit 212 jointly form a single bridge differential full bridge structure.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 includes two magnetoresistive bridge arms 211b1 and 211b2
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 includes two magnetoresistive bridge arms 212b1 and 212b2
  • the sensitivity directions of the four magnetoresistive bridge arms 211b1, 211b2, 212b1 and 212b2 Consistent to the right, and together form a differential full bridge structure
  • the output terminals V1 and V2 of the differential full bridge structure form the Vout output signal of the single bridge differential full bridge structure.
  • the magnetic induction module When the current to be measured is input to the primary side current and the copper bar is input, the magnetic induction module induces a magnetic field.
  • the resistance values of the magnetoresistance bridge arms 211b1 and 211b2 decrease, and the resistance values of the magnetoresistance bridge arms 212b1 and 212b2 increase. , thus the V1 output voltage value decreases, the V2 output voltage value increases, and the Vout output signal of the corresponding single-bridge differential full-bridge structure changes with the differential-mode magnetic field.
  • the resistance values of the four magnetoresistive bridge arms 211b1, 211b2, 212b1, and 212b2 are simultaneously Increase or decrease at the same time, Vout output has no response at this time, so it has a good ability to resist common-mode magnetic field interference.
  • FIG. 15 it is a schematic diagram of the principle of a dual push-pull half-bridge differential structure.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 forms a push-pull half-bridge structure
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 forms a push-pull half-bridge structure
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 together form a double push-pull half-bridge differential structure.
  • the sensitivity directions of the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are the same, and have approximately identical structures and properties.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 includes two magnetoresistance bridge arms 211c1 and 211c2, and constitutes a push-pull half-bridge structure, and its output is V1c;
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 includes two magnetoresistance bridge arms 212c1 and 212c2, and constitutes Push-pull half bridge structure, its output is V2c.
  • the differential signals of the output terminals V1c and V2c of the two push-pull half-bridge structures form the Vout output signal of the dual push-pull half-bridge differential structure.
  • the sensitivity directions of the upper magnetoresistance bridge arms 211c1 and 212c1 in the two magnetic induction units are to the left, and the sensitivity directions of the lower magnetoresistance bridge arms 211c2 and 212c2 are to the right.
  • the magnetic induction module induces a magnetic field.
  • the resistance values of the two magnetoresistance bridge arms 211c2 and 212c1 decrease, and the two magnetoresistance bridge arms 211c1 and 212c1
  • the resistance value of 212c2 increases, so the output voltage value of V1c decreases, the output voltage value of V2c increases, and the Vout output signal of the corresponding double push-pull half bridge differential structure changes with the differential mode magnetic field.
  • the dual push-pull half-bridge differential structure has a good ability to resist common-mode magnetic field interference.
  • FIG. 16 it is a schematic diagram of the principle of a dual push-pull full-bridge differential structure.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 forms a push-pull full-bridge structure
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 forms a push-pull full-bridge structure
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 together form a double push-pull full-bridge differential structure.
  • the sensitivity directions of the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are the same, and have approximately identical structures and properties.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 includes four magnetoresistive bridge arms 211d1, 211d2, 211d3, and 211d4, and constitutes a push-pull full-bridge structure, and the difference between the two output ends V1d1 and V1d2 of the push-pull full-bridge structure constitutes the first An output V1d of the magnetic induction unit 211 .
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 includes four magnetoresistive bridge arms 212d1, 212d2, 212d3 and 212d4, and constitutes a push-pull full bridge structure, and the difference between the two output ends V2d1 and V2d2 of the push-pull full bridge structure constitutes the second magnetic induction unit 212 output V2d.
  • the differential signals of the outputs V1d and V2d of the two push-pull full-bridge structures form the Vout output signal of the dual-push-pull full-bridge differential structure.
  • the sensitivity directions of the four magnetoresistance bridge arms 211d2, 211d3, 212d2 and 212d3 are to the left, and the sensitivity directions of the four magnetoresistance bridge arms 211d1, 211d4, 212d1 and 212d4 are to the right.
  • the magnetic induction module induces a magnetic field.
  • the resistance values of the four magnetoresistive bridge arms 211d1, 211d4, 212d2 and 212d3 decrease, and the four magnetic resistance bridge arms
  • the resistance values of the resistance bridge arms 211d2, 211d3, 212d1 and 212d4 increase, thus the output voltage values of V1d2 and V2d1 decrease, the output voltage values of V1d1 and V2d2 increase, the difference V1d between V1d1 and V1d2 is positive, and V2d1
  • the difference V2d with V2d2 is negative, then the Vout output signal formed by the difference between the outputs V1d and V2d of the two push-pull full bridge structures is numbered according to the differential mode magnetic field.
  • the dual push-pull full-bridge differential structure has a good ability to resist common-mode magnetic field interference.
  • the structure of the magnetic induction module can also adjust the differential output of the half bridge structure and the full bridge structure, each bridge arm according to the specific application situation.
  • the sensitivity direction setting, the setting of two or more magnetic induction units, etc. are changed accordingly, thereby forming a magnetic induction module with other bridge structures.
  • each magnetoresistance bridge arm is composed of one or more magnetoresistance sensitive elements connected in series and parallel.
  • the optional magnetic induction module also includes a signal conditioning circuit, and the signal conditioning circuit adopts one of an open-loop signal conditioning circuit and a closed-loop signal conditioning circuit.
  • FIG. 17 it is a schematic diagram of a current sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 it is a schematic diagram of another current sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 it is a schematic diagram of the present invention A schematic diagram of another current sensor provided in the embodiment.
  • the optional magnetic induction module 2 includes a first magnetic induction unit 211 and a second magnetic induction unit 212 .
  • the closed-loop signal conditioning circuit uses a magnetic field feedback coil 22 .
  • the closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, the magnetic field feedback coil 22, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 form a closed-loop magnetic field feedback, after the differential voltage signal of the bridge structure in the aforementioned magnetic induction module is amplified, the feedback is generated by driving the magnetic field feedback coil 22 magnetic field.
  • the feedback magnetic field reversely cancels the magnetic field difference (i.e.
  • the primary side current input copper bar 1 also includes a shunt copper bar area 12 , a primary side input terminal 13 and a primary side output terminal 14 .
  • the optional magnetic field feedback coil 22 is integrated inside the closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, or inside the circuit board 3, or inside the magnetic induction unit, or inside the ASIC application specific integrated circuit, or inside the magnetic induction module 2.
  • the magnetic field feedback coil 22 is integrated into different positions, the working principle The same, does not affect the work of closed-loop magnetic field negative feedback.
  • the optional magnetic field feedback coil 22 is integrated inside the magnetic induction module 2 , and the plane where the magnetic field feedback coil 22 is located is parallel to the plane where the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are located.
  • the magnetic field feedback coil 22 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line along the U-shaped structure current conduction path of the differential copper bar area 11 in the primary side current input copper bar 1 in the section shown in FIG. 17 , and the current direction of the magnetic field feedback coil 22 on the side of the center line is vertical
  • the paper faces outward, and the current direction of the magnetic field feedback coil 22 on the other side of the centerline is perpendicular to the paper and faces inward.
  • the magnetic field feedback coil 22 is The current direction of the wires arranged horizontally below the first magnetic induction unit 211 is outward perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and the current direction of the wires horizontally arranged below the second magnetic induction unit 212 of the magnetic field feedback coil 22 is inward perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
  • the magnetic field feedback coil 22 generates a horizontal leftward feedback magnetic field at the first magnetic induction unit 211, and the magnetic field feedback coil 22 generates a horizontal rightward feedback magnetic field at the second magnetic induction unit 212 to counteract the difference generated by the current to be measured.
  • the modulus magnetic field achieves the dynamic balance of the magnetic field.
  • the optional magnetic field feedback coil 22 is integrated inside the circuit board 3 .
  • the optional magnetic field feedback coil 22 is integrated inside the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 .
  • the magnetic field feedback coil can also optionally be integrated in other positions, not limited to the positions shown above. Although the distribution or connection of the magnetic field feedback coil is slightly different, the feedback magnetic field generated by the magnetic field feedback coil is used to offset the differential mode magnetic field generated by the current to be measured, and finally realize the detection of the current to be measured.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the first type of current sensor as shown in FIG. 7, and its cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. 17.
  • the current sensor includes a primary current input copper bar 1, a magnetic induction module 2, a circuit board 3 and a mechanical support shell 4;
  • the primary side current input copper bar 1 includes a differential copper bar area 11 including a U-shaped structure current conduction path, a shunt copper bar area 12 , a primary side input terminal 13 and a primary side output terminal 14 .
  • the optional primary side current input copper bar 1 is integrally formed copper bar, that is, the differential copper bar area 11, the shunt copper bar area 12, the primary side input terminal 13 and the primary side output terminal 14 are located on the same horizontal plane.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 are connected in parallel, and the connections at both ends are the primary side input terminal 13 and the primary side output terminal 14 respectively. After the current to be measured flows in from the input terminal 13 of the primary side, it is shunted through the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 , and then flows out from the output terminal 14 of the primary side.
  • the mechanical support shell 4 plays the role of wrapping and fixing support for each part in the current sensor.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 is fixed on the circuit board 3 , both of which are electrically isolated from the primary current input copper bar 1 .
  • the magnetic induction module 2 includes a first magnetic induction unit 211 and a second magnetic induction unit 212 which are located on the same horizontal plane and whose sensitivity directions are all horizontally to the right.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are respectively located above the two current conduction paths with a parallel positional relationship in the U-shaped structure current conduction path of the differential copper bar area 11, wherein the current conduction under the first magnetic induction unit 211 is optional.
  • the current direction of the path is inward perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and the current direction of the current conduction path below the second magnetic induction unit 212 is outward perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
  • the magnetoresistive sensitive elements adopted by the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are tunnel magnetoresistance TMR. As shown in Figure 13, each of the two magnetic induction units includes a magnetoresistive bridge arm, and the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 together form the same single-bridge differential half-bridge structure, which senses the primary current input copper in a differential manner.
  • the differential-mode magnetic field generated by row 1 generates a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 adopts a closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, the closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, the magnetic field feedback coil 22 integrated in the magnetic induction module 2, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 together form a closed-loop magnetic field feedback, and the output of the magnetic induction module 2 forms a current The output signal of the sensor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a second type of current sensor as shown in FIG. 9, and its cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. 18.
  • the current sensor includes a primary current input copper bar 1, a magnetic induction module 2, a circuit board 3 and a mechanical support shell 4;
  • the primary side current input copper bar 1 includes a differential copper bar area 11 including a U-shaped structure current conduction path, a shunt copper bar area 12 , a primary side input terminal 13 and a primary side output terminal 14 .
  • the optional shunt copper bar area 12 is located below or above the plane where the differential copper bar area 11 is located.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 are two independent copper bars connected in parallel, and the connections at both ends are respectively the primary side input Terminal 13 and primary output terminal 14. Except for the connection at both ends, the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 located on different planes are isolated from each other. After the current to be measured flows in from the input terminal 13 of the primary side, it is shunted through the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 , and then flows out from the output terminal 14 of the primary side.
  • the mechanical support shell 4 plays the role of wrapping and fixing support for each part in the current sensor.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 is fixed on the circuit board 3 , both of which are electrically isolated from the primary current input copper bar 1 .
  • the magnetic induction module 2 includes a first magnetic induction unit 211 and a second magnetic induction unit 212 which are located on the same horizontal plane and whose sensitivity directions are all horizontally to the right.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are respectively located above the two current conduction paths with a parallel positional relationship in the U-shaped structure of the differential copper bar area 11.
  • the current direction of the conduction path is inward perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and the current direction of the current conduction path below the second magnetic induction unit 212 is outward perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
  • the magnetoresistance sensitive elements adopted by the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are giant magnetoresistance GMR. As shown in Figure 14, each of the two magnetic induction units includes two magnetoresistive bridge arms, and the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 together form the same single-bridge differential full-bridge structure, which senses the primary current input in a differential manner The differential mode magnetic field generated by the copper bar 1 generates a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 adopts a closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, the closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, the magnetic field feedback coil 22 integrated in the circuit board 3, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 together form a closed-loop magnetic field feedback, and the output of the magnetic induction module 2 forms a current The output signal of the sensor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a third current sensor as shown in FIG. 11 , and its cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. 17 .
  • the primary side current input copper bar 1 includes a differential copper bar area 11 including a U-shaped structure current conduction path, a shunt copper bar area 12 , a primary side input terminal 13 and a primary side output terminal 14 .
  • the optional primary side current input copper bar 1 is integrally formed copper bar, that is, the differential copper bar area 11, the shunt copper bar area 12, the primary side input terminal 13 and the primary side output terminal 14 are located on the same horizontal plane.
  • FIG. 11 and FIG. 7 is that the differential copper bar area 11 in the current sensor shown in FIG.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 adopts a push-pull half-bridge structure and forms a voltage output signal
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 adopts a push-pull half-bridge structure and forms a voltage output signal, and consists of two push-pull half-bridge structures
  • the double push-pull half-bridge differential structure, and the voltage outputs of the two push-pull half-bridge structures form a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 adopts a closed-loop signal conditioning circuit consistent with the first type of current sensor, and forms a closed-loop magnetic field feedback, and the output of the magnetic induction module 2 forms an output signal of the current sensor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth current sensor as shown in FIG. 19, and its top view is shown in FIG. 20.
  • the current sensor includes a primary current input copper bar 1, a magnetic induction module 2, a circuit board 3 and a The mechanical support shell 4;
  • the primary side current input copper bar 1 includes a differential copper bar area 11 containing a U-shaped structure current conduction path, two shunt copper bar areas 121 and 122, a primary side input terminal 13 and a primary side output terminal 14 .
  • the optional primary current input copper bar 1 is integrally formed copper bar, the differential copper bar area 11, the two shunt copper bar areas 121 and 122, the primary side input terminal 13 and the primary side output terminal 14 are located on the same horizontal plane.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 121 & 122 are connected in parallel, and the connections at both ends are the primary side input terminal 13 and the primary side output terminal 14 respectively. After the current to be measured flows in from the input terminal 13 of the primary side, it is shunted through the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar areas 121 and 122 , and then flows out from the output terminal 14 of the primary side.
  • the mechanical support shell 4 plays the role of wrapping and fixing support for each part in the current sensor.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 is fixed on the circuit board 3 , both of which are electrically isolated from the primary current input copper bar 1 .
  • the magnetic induction module 2 includes a first magnetic induction unit 211 and a second magnetic induction unit 212 located on the same horizontal plane and with a sensitivity direction horizontally to the right. As shown in FIG.
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are respectively located above two current conduction paths with a parallel positional relationship in the U-shaped structure of the differential copper bar area 11, wherein the current conduction path under the first magnetic induction unit 211 The current direction of the path is inward perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and the current direction of the current conduction path below the second magnetic induction unit 212 is outward perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
  • the magnetoresistive sensitive elements used in the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 are tunnel magnetoresistance TMR, and each magnetic induction unit includes a push-pull full bridge structure composed of four magnetoresistance bridge arms, as shown in FIG. 16
  • the first magnetic induction unit 211 adopts a push-pull full-bridge structure and forms a voltage output signal
  • the second magnetic induction unit 212 adopts a push-pull full-bridge structure and forms a voltage output signal
  • two push-pull full-bridge structures form a double push-pull full-bridge differential structure
  • the voltage outputs of two push-pull full bridge structures form a differential voltage signal.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 adopts a closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, the closed-loop signal conditioning circuit, the magnetic field feedback coil 22 integrated in the magnetic induction unit, the first magnetic induction unit 211 and the second magnetic induction unit 212 form a closed-loop magnetic field feedback, and the output of the magnetic induction module 2 forms the current sensor. output signal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a fifth current sensor as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the cross-sectional view of its magnetic induction unit is shown in FIG. 21 .
  • the current sensor includes a primary current input copper bar 1, a magnetic induction module 2, a circuit board 3 and The mechanical support shell 4;
  • the primary current input copper bar 1 includes a differential copper bar area 11 including a U-shaped structure current conduction path, a shunt copper bar area 12, a primary input terminal 13 and a primary output terminal 14.
  • the optional primary side current input copper bar 1 is integrally formed copper bar, the differential copper bar area 11, the shunt copper bar area 12, the primary side input terminal 13 and the primary side output terminal 14 are located on the same horizontal plane.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 are connected in parallel, and the connections at both ends are the primary side input terminal 13 and the primary side output terminal 14 respectively.
  • the mechanical support shell 4 plays the role of wrapping and fixing support for each part in the current sensor.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 is fixed on the circuit board 3 , both of which are electrically isolated from the primary current input copper bar 1 .
  • the magnetic induction module 2 includes a third magnetic induction unit 213 whose sensitivity direction is vertically upward, and the third magnetic induction unit 213 adopts a Hall element.
  • the vertical projection position of the third magnetic induction unit 213 is located inside the U-shaped enclosing area of the U-shaped structure current conduction path.
  • the current direction of the side current conduction path is perpendicular to the surface of the paper, and the current to be measured generates a vertically downward magnetic field at the position of the third magnetic induction unit 213 .
  • the magnetic induction module 2 adopts an open-loop signal conditioning circuit, and the output of the magnetic induction module 2 forms the output signal of the current sensor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a sixth current sensor as shown in FIG. 23.
  • the cross-sectional view of its magnetic induction unit is shown in FIG. 22.
  • the current sensor includes a primary current input copper bar 1, a magnetic induction module 2, a circuit board 3 and The mechanical support shell 4;
  • the primary current input copper bar 1 includes a differential copper bar area 11 including a U-shaped structure current conduction path, a shunt copper bar area 12, a primary input terminal 13 and a primary output terminal 14.
  • the shunt copper bar area 12 is located below the plane where the differential copper bar area 11 is located.
  • the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 are two independent copper bars, which are then connected in parallel. Edge output 14. Except for the connection at both ends, the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 located on different planes are isolated from each other. After the current to be measured flows in from the input terminal 13 of the primary side, it is shunted through the differential copper bar area 11 and the shunt copper bar area 12 , and then flows out from the output terminal 14 of the primary side.
  • the mechanical support shell 4 plays the role of wrapping and fixing support for each part in the current sensor.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 is fixed on the circuit board 3 , both of which are electrically isolated from the primary current input copper bar 1 .
  • the magnetic induction module 2 includes a third magnetic induction unit 213 and a fourth magnetic induction unit 214 located on the same horizontal plane and with a sensitivity direction vertically upward. Both the third magnetic induction unit 213 and the fourth magnetic induction unit 214 use Hall elements.
  • the vertical projection position of the third magnetic induction unit 213 is located inside the U-shaped enclosing area of the U-shaped structure current conduction path, the current direction of the left current conduction path below it is vertical to the inside of the paper, and the right below it The current direction of the side current conduction path is perpendicular to the surface of the paper, and the current to be measured generates a vertically downward magnetic field at the position of the third magnetic induction unit 213 .
  • the vertical projection position of the fourth magnetic induction unit 214 is located outside the U-shaped enclosing area of the current conduction path of the U-shaped structure.
  • the magnetic induction module 2 adopts an open-loop signal conditioning circuit to perform conditioning amplification, temperature compensation and linearity correction on the differential voltage signals of the third magnetic induction unit 213 and the fourth magnetic induction unit 214 .
  • the output of the magnetic induction module 2 forms the output signal of the current sensor.
  • the current sensor provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a large current measurement range, electrical isolation of input and output, can measure AC and DC current, adjustable sensitivity, and strong resistance to external magnetic field interference.
  • the advantage of the current sensor provided by the embodiment of the present invention is that the regulation of the current measurement range can be realized by parallel shunting the current conduction path of the U-shaped structure; The quantity and the plane are used to control the current input range, thereby realizing the measurement of large current without iron core, reducing the volume and weight; further simplifying the design of the current sensor by adopting integrated processing, the structure is simple, and the production cost is reduced.
  • the current sensor provided by the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for the magnetic induction unit whose magnetic field sensitivity direction is perpendicular to or parallel to the plane where the magnetic induction module is located. Its advantages are especially reflected in the measurement of magnetoresistive devices with high sensitivity and small saturation field, such as GMR and TMR. It has widened the measurement range of high-sensitivity small saturation field magnetoresistive devices, and has the characteristics of electrical isolation of input and output, measurable AC and DC current, adjustable sensitivity, and strong ability to resist external magnetic field interference.

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Abstract

一种电流传感器，该电流传感器中原边电流输入铜排包括并联连接的差分铜排区（11）和分流铜排区（12）；差分铜排区（11）包括一U型结构电流传导路径，分流铜排区（12）的数量为一个或一个以上，任一分流铜排区（12）与差分铜排区（11）位于同一水平面或不同水平面；原边电流输入铜排一体成型，或由一个以上独立铜排连接构成；磁感应模块固定于线路板上，且磁感应模块位于差分铜排区（11）中U型结构电流传导路径的上方，磁感应模块的输出形成电流传感器的输出信号。该电流传感器，结构简单，制造成本低，电流测量范围大、输入输出电气隔离、可测交流直流电流、灵敏度可调且抗外磁场干扰能力强。

Description

一种电流传感器 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及电学量测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种电流传感器。
背景技术
电流传感器是电流检测装置，可以将检测到的被测电流信息按一定规律变换成符合一定标准需要的电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出，以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。广泛应用于家用电器、智能电网、电动车、风力发电等多个领域。目前应用最广泛的电流传感器是磁性电流传感器，主要包括磁通门电流传感器、霍尔电流传感器和磁阻电流传感器。
磁通门电流传感器线性度好、精度高且温漂性能好，但需要高导磁铁芯，导致体积较大、电路复杂、成本较高。
霍尔电流传感器技术成熟，但灵敏度低、温度漂移特性比较差、带宽小，其磁场灵敏度方向垂直于霍尔元件所在平面。霍尔电流传感器的电流输入方式主要有两种，一种是通过环状铁芯感应待测电流导线磁场，其体积较大；另一种是体积小的芯片级电流传感器，其待测电流直接输入U型铜传导路径内，测量范围小于前者。
磁阻电流传感器主要包括各向异性磁电阻AMR、巨磁电阻GMR和隧道磁阻TMR电流传感器，其磁场灵敏度方向平行于磁阻器件所在平面，灵敏度高、线性度好；但高灵敏度的磁阻器件普遍饱和场较小，其内部的磁电阻敏感元件在大电流测量中容易出现磁饱和，导致电流测量范围较小，影响其使用范围。磁阻电流传感器的待测电流输入方式包含以下几种：(1)采用环状铁芯感应待测电流导线磁场，体积重量大。(2)以Allegro公司的ACS70331为例的，待测电流直接输入集成式GMR电流传感器的单层U型铜传导路径；(3)申请号为202011547895.2的专利中，待 测电流输入一种具有颈部凹陷的铜条；(4)申请号为201811455342.7的专利中，待测电流输入截面形状为矩形或圆角矩形的待测铜排型导线；这类输入方式中单电流输入路径容易超过磁电阻敏感元件的线性工作区间，导致磁电阻敏感元件容易饱和，限制了电流测量范围。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种电流传感器，以解决现有电流传感器体积大、电流测量范围小等问题。
本发明实施例提供了一种电流传感器，包括：原边电流输入铜排、磁感应模块和线路板；
所述原边电流输入铜排包括原边输入端、原边输出端、差分铜排区和分流铜排区；
所述差分铜排区和所述分流铜排区在电气上并联连接，所述差分铜排区包括一U型结构电流传导路径，所述分流铜排区的数量为一个或一个以上，任一所述分流铜排区与所述差分铜排区位于同一水平面或不同水平面；
所述原边输入端的数量为一个或一个以上，所述原边输出端的数量为一个或一个以上，任一所述原边输入端和所述原边输出端为与所述差分铜排区电气连接或为与所述分流铜排区电气连接；
所述原边电流输入铜排的构成采用以下两种情况的其中一种：(1)一体成型；(2)由一个以上独立铜排连接构成，所述独立铜排包含部分或全部所述原边输入端、所述原边输出端、所述差分铜排区和所述分流铜排区；
所述磁感应模块固定于所述线路板上，且所述磁感应模块位于所述差分铜排区中U型结构电流传导路径的上方，所述磁感应模块的输出形成所述电流传感器的输出信号。
本发明实施例提供的电流传感器，电流测量范围大、输入输出电气隔离、可测交流直流电流、灵敏度可调且抗外磁场干扰能力强。与现有技术相比，通过对U型结构电流传导路径进行并联分流来实现对电流测量范围的调控；因而可以通过控制分流铜排区的结构、数量、所在平面来调控电流输入范围，进而实现无需铁芯的大电流测量，减小了体积和重量；进一步通过采用一体化加工简化电流传感器的设计，结构简单，降低生产成本；适用于磁场灵敏度方向垂直于或平行于磁感应模块所在平面的磁感应单元，扩大了高灵敏度小饱和场磁阻器件的测量范围，具有输入输出电气隔离、可测交流直流电流、灵敏度可调、抗外磁场干扰能力强的特点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图虽然是本发明的一些具体的实施例，对于本领域的技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的各种实施例所揭示和提示的器件结构，驱动方法和制造方法的基本概念，拓展和延伸到其它的结构和附图，毋庸置疑这些都应该是在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
图1为现有U型铜传导路径的示意图；
图2为图1所产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图；
图3为图1所产生磁场的z分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种原边电流输入铜排的示意图；
图5是图4所产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图；
图6是图4所产生磁场的z分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的另一种原边电流输入铜排的示意图；
图8是图7所产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图；
图9是本发明实施例提供的又一种原边电流输入铜排的示意图；
图10是图9所产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图；
图11是本发明实施例提供的又一种原边电流输入铜排的示意图；
图12是图11所产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图；
图13是磁感应模块的单电桥差分半桥结构的原理示意图；
图14是磁感应模块的单电桥差分全桥结构的原理示意图；
图15是磁感应模块的双推挽半桥差分结构的原理示意图；
图16是磁感应模块的双推挽全桥差分结构的原理示意图；
图17是本发明实施例提供的一种电流传感器的截面图；
图18是本发明实施例提供的另一种电流传感器的截面图；
图19是本发明实施例提供的又一种电流传感器的截面图；
图20是图19所示电流传感器的俯视示意图；
图21是本发明实施例提供的又一种电流传感器的截面图；
图22是本发明实施例提供的又一种电流传感器的截面图；
图23是图22所示电流传感器的俯视示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，以下将参照本发明实施例中的附图，通过实施方式清楚、完整地描述本发明的技术方案，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例所揭示和提示的基本概念，本领域的技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种电流传感器，该电流传感器包括：原边电流输入铜排、磁感应模块和线路板；原边电流输入铜排包括原边输入端、原边输出端、差分铜排 区和分流铜排区；差分铜排区和分流铜排区在电气上并联连接，差分铜排区包括一U型结构电流传导路径，分流铜排区的数量为一个或一个以上，任一分流铜排区与差分铜排区位于同一水平面或不同水平面；原边输入端的数量为一个或一个以上，原边输出端的数量为一个或一个以上，任一原边输入端和原边输出端为与差分铜排区电气连接或为与分流铜排区电气连接；原边电流输入铜排的构成采用以下两种情况的其中一种：(1)一体成型；(2)由一个以上独立铜排连接构成，独立铜排包含部分或全部原边输入端、原边输出端、差分铜排区和分流铜排区；磁感应模块固定于线路板上，且磁感应模块位于差分铜排区中U型结构电流传导路径的上方，磁感应模块的输出形成电流传感器的输出信号。
如上所述，电流传感器将待测电流通过原边电流输入铜排转化为磁感应模块的输入磁场，实现了无需铁芯的大电流测量，减小了体积和重量，结构简单、加工成本低，扩大了高灵敏度小饱和场磁阻器件的测量范围，具有输入输出电气隔离、可测交流直流电流、灵敏度可调、抗外磁场干扰能力强的特点。
可选磁感应模块采用以下三种情况的其中一种：
(1)磁感应模块内至少包括第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元分别位于U型结构电流传导路径内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径的上方，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向平行于磁感应模块所在平面；
(2)磁感应模块内至少包括第三磁感应单元，第三磁感应单元的竖直投影位置位于U型结构电流传导路径的U型包围区域内侧，第三磁感应单元直接感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向垂直于磁感应模块所在平面；
(3)磁感应模块内至少包括第三磁感应单元和第四磁感应单元，第四磁感应单元的竖直投影位置位于U型结构电流传导路径的U型包围区域外侧，第三磁感应单元和第四磁感应单元以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向垂直于磁感应模块所在平面。
可选第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元分别包含一个或一个以上磁电阻桥臂，每个磁电阻桥臂由一个或一个以上磁电阻敏感元件串并联构成；
第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元中，任一磁感应单元采用的电桥结构为差分半桥结构、差分全桥结构、双推挽半桥差分结构和双推挽全桥差分结构的其中一种：
(1)差分半桥结构为单电桥，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元共同构成同一个单电桥差分半桥结构，并形成差分半桥结构的输出信号；
(2)差分全桥结构为单电桥，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元共同构成同一个单电桥差分全桥结构，并形成差分全桥结构的输出信号；
(3)双推挽半桥差分结构中，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元均采用推挽半桥结构且各自形成电压输出信号，两个推挽半桥结构的电压输出信号差分形成双推挽半桥差分结构的输出信号；
(4)双推挽全桥差分结构中，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元均采用推挽全桥结构且各自形成电压输出信号，两个推挽全桥结构的电压输出信号差分形成双推挽全桥差分结构的输出信号。
可选原边电流输入铜排分别与磁感应模块和线路板电气隔离。
可选磁感应模块还包括信号调理电路，信号调理电路采用开环信号调理电路和闭环信号调理电路的其中一种。
以上是本发明的主要思路，以下将对比现有技术，结合附图和部分仿真结果对 本发明实施例提供的电流传感器进行简要说明。
以下对不同设计的原边电流输入铜排进行简要说明。本发明实施例中，原边电流输入铜排又可被称作为原边电流导线或铜初级传导路径等，主要起到将待测电流引入电流传感器的作用。本发明实施例中U型结构代指的为电流传导路径存在电流反向平行位置关系的结构，因而包括但不限于类似形状如“几”型、“n”型等采用锐角、直角、钝角或圆角作为转折点的结构。
参考图1所示，为现有U型铜传导路径的示意图。如图1所示，现有U型铜传导路径为单层U型铜传导路径，也就是U型铜排。待测电流直接输入单层U型铜传导路径内，以U型铜排平面内水平向右为x轴正方向，U型铜排平面内垂直向上为y轴正方向，垂直于U型铜排平面的方向为z轴方向。两个磁感应单元211和212位于同一平面，且还位于U型铜排的上方，即U型铜排沿z方向的垂直投影覆盖两个磁感应单元211和212。
假定待测电流为50A，待测电流输入U型铜排，通过有限元仿真计算分析，待测电流在U型铜排上方磁感应单元平面内产生磁场。
参考图2所示为磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图，参考图3所示为磁场的z分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图。从图2和图3中可以看出，待测电流产生的磁场x分量沿x轴变化的范围在-9mT至+9mT，待测电流产生的磁场z分量沿x轴变化的范围在-15mT至+2.5mT。
参考图4所示，为本发明实施例提供的原边电流输入铜排的示意图。本实施例中，原边电流输入铜排包括差分铜排区11，该差分铜排区11设置有图1所示U型结构电流传导路径，原边电流输入铜排还包括分流铜排区12，差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12位于同一平面内，且在电气上并联连接。原边电流输入铜排还包括原边 输入端13和原边输出端14。在其他实施例中，还可选分流铜排区的数量为一个以上，还可选分流铜排区与差分铜排区可以位于同一水平面也可以位于不同水平面。
如图4所示，可选磁感应模块内至少包括第三磁感应单元213，第三磁感应单元213的竖直投影位置位于U型结构电流传导路径11的U型包围区域内侧，第三磁感应单元213直接感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向垂直于磁感应模块所在平面。第三磁感应单元213和U型结构电流传导路径11位于同一平面。
假定待测电流为与图1相同的50A，待测电流输入原边电流输入铜排，通过有限元仿真计算分析，待测电流在原边电流输入铜排上方磁感应单元平面内产生磁场。参考图5所示为图4产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图，参考图6所示为图4产生磁场的z分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图。从图5和图6可以看出，待测电流产生的磁场大小明显下降，待测电流产生的磁场x分量沿x轴变化的范围减小到处于-0.75mT至+0.75mT，待测电流产生的磁场z分量沿x轴变化的范围减小到处于-0.95mT至+0.45mT。
与图1相比，对于相同磁场测量范围的磁感应单元，图4所示结构能够实现电流测量范围的增大。且从图6磁场z分量的仿真结果可以看出，本实施例的原边电流输入铜排沿x轴方向不同位置产生的磁场x分量和z分量具有明显变化。因而，能够通过将灵敏度方向沿垂直z方向的磁感应单元放置于x坐标为零位置处，并采用非差分测量实现对电流的检测；在其他实施例中，也能够通过将灵敏度方向沿面内x轴的磁感应单元放置于不同位置，并采用差分测量实现对电流的检测。
参考图7所示，为本发明实施例提供的另一种原边电流输入铜排的示意图，参考图8所示，为图7产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图。本实施例中，差分铜排区11和U型分流铜排区12位于同一平面内，且在电气上并联连接。
如图7所示，可选磁感应模块内至少包括第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212分别位于U型结构电流传导路径11内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径的上方，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向平行于磁感应模块所在平面。第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212位于同一平面。
在与上述实施例相同的电流条件下，与图2相比，图8所示待测电流产生的磁场大小明显下降，具体的，待测电流产生的磁场x分量沿x轴变化的范围为-4.5mT至+4.5mT。
参考图9所示，为本发明实施例提供的又一种原边电流输入铜排的示意图，参考图10所示，为图9产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图。本实施例中，差分铜排区11和U型分流铜排区12位于不同水平面内，且在电气上并联连接。
如图9所示，可选磁感应模块内至少包括第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212分别位于U型结构电流传导路径11内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径的上方，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向平行于磁感应模块所在平面。第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212位于同一平面。
在与上述实施例相同的电流条件下，与图2相比，图10所示待测电流产生的磁场大小明显下降，具体的，待测电流产生的磁场x分量沿x轴变化的范围为-3mT至+3mT。
参考图11所示，为本发明实施例提供的又一种原边电流输入铜排的示意图，参 考图12所示，为图11产生磁场的x分量沿x轴变化的仿真计算结果示意图。如图11所示，可选U型结构电流传导路径的U型开口两端电连接。差分铜排区11和U型分流铜排区12可以位于同一水平面，也可以位于不同水平面内，两者在电气上并联连接；再将差分铜排区11中U型结构电流传导路径的U型开口两端相连，则形成了新电流传导路径111。
如图11所示，可选磁感应模块内至少包括第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212分别位于U型结构电流传导路径11内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径的上方，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向平行于磁感应模块所在平面。第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212位于同一平面。
在与上述实施例相同的电流条件下，与图2相比，图12所示待测电流产生的磁场大小明显进一步下降，具体的，待测电流产生的磁场x分量沿x轴变化的范围为-1.4mT至+1.4mT。
以上多个实施例给出了原边电流输入铜排中差分铜排区搭配不同设计的分流铜排区，构成多种不同电流路径。分析可以看出，差分铜排区搭配不同设计的分流铜排区可以对磁场x分量产生明显影响，因而通过控制分流铜排区的结构、数量、所在平面及厚度，可以实现对待测电流输入范围的调控。
另外，从以上多个实施例可以看出，本发明实施例中不同设计的原边电流输入铜排在磁感应单元所在截面中间区域产生的磁场x分量沿x轴近似线性变化，在不同位置具有明显的差值，并且在中心两侧的磁场方向相反，具有奇对称性质。因而能够通过在不同位置放置灵敏度方向沿面内x轴的磁感应单元，采用差分测量对电流进行检测。
以下对不同电桥结构设计的磁感应模块进行简要说明。
可选磁感应模块内至少包括第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元分别位于U型结构电流传导路径内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径的上方，第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向平行于磁感应模块所在平面。
由原边电流输入铜排的示例可知，待测电流输入原边电流输入铜排时，原边电流输入铜排能够在第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212位置处产生差模磁场，该差模磁场的磁场x分量具有明显差值且沿U型差分铜排区中心两侧方向相反。在不失一般性的前提下，统一按照以下假定条件进行说明：设定水平向右为磁场正方向，则差模磁场在第一磁感应单元211位置处方向向右，在第二磁感应单元212位置处方向向左。
参考图13所示，为单电桥差分半桥结构的原理示意图。磁感应模块中，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212具有相同的灵敏度方向，且一致向右，该两个磁感应单元共同构成一个单电桥差分半桥结构。第一磁感应单元211包含一个磁电阻桥臂211a，第二磁感应单元212包含一个磁电阻桥臂212a，两个磁电阻桥臂形成差分半桥结构，输出Vout为单电桥差分半桥结构的输出信号。
待测电流输入原边电流输入铜排时，磁感应模块感应磁场，在感应到前述条件下的差模磁场时，磁电阻桥臂211a电阻值下降，磁电阻桥臂212a电阻值上升，根据毕萨定律，Vout输出将随待测电流的大小线性变化。而由于差分半桥结构的第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212的灵敏度方向相同，对于外界均匀磁场(即共模磁场)，两个磁电阻桥臂211a和212a的电阻值同时增大或同时减小，此时Vout 输出没有响应，因而具有良好的抗共模磁场干扰能力。
参考图14所示，为单电桥差分全桥结构的原理示意图。磁感应模块中，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212共同构成一个单电桥差分全桥结构。其中，第一磁感应单元211包含两个磁电阻桥臂211b1和211b2，第二磁感应单元212包含两个磁电阻桥臂212b1和212b2，四个磁电阻桥臂211b1、211b2、212b1和212b2的灵敏度方向一致向右，且共同形成差分全桥结构，差分全桥结构的输出端V1和V2形成单电桥差分全桥结构的Vout输出信号。
待测电流输入原边电流输入铜排时，磁感应模块感应磁场，在感应到前述条件下的差模磁场时，磁电阻桥臂211b1和211b2电阻值下降，磁电阻桥臂212b1和212b2电阻值上升，由此V1输出电压值减小，V2输出电压值增大，相应的单电桥差分全桥结构的Vout输出信号随差模磁场发生变化。同理，由于四个磁电阻桥臂211b1、211b2、212b1和212b2的灵敏度方向一致，对于外界均匀磁场(即共模磁场)，四个磁电阻桥臂211b1、211b2、212b1和212b2的电阻值同时增大或同时减小，此时Vout输出没有响应，因而具有良好的抗共模磁场干扰能力。
参考图15所示，为双推挽半桥差分结构的原理示意图。磁感应模块中，第一磁感应单元211构成一个推挽半桥结构，第二磁感应单元212构成一个推挽半桥结构，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212共同构成一个双推挽半桥差分结构。第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212的灵敏度方向相同，且具有近似完全相同的结构和性质。具体的，第一磁感应单元211包含两个磁电阻桥臂211c1和211c2，且构成推挽半桥结构，其输出为V1c；第二磁感应单元212包含两个磁电阻桥臂212c1和212c2，且构成推挽半桥结构，其输出为V2c。两个推挽半桥结构的输出端V1c和V2c的差分信号形成双推挽半桥差分结构的Vout输出信号。
两个磁感应单元中的上磁电阻桥臂211c1和212c1的灵敏度方向向左，下磁电 阻桥臂211c2和212c2的灵敏度方向向右。待测电流输入原边电流输入铜排时，磁感应模块感应磁场，在感应到前述条件下的差模磁场时，两个磁电阻桥臂211c2和212c1电阻值下降，两个磁电阻桥臂211c1和212c2电阻值上升，由此V1c输出电压值减小，V2c输出电压值增大，相应的双推挽半桥差分结构的Vout输出信号随差模磁场发生变化。同理，双推挽半桥差分结构具有良好的抗共模磁场干扰能力。
参考图16所示，为双推挽全桥差分结构的原理示意图。磁感应模块中，第一磁感应单元211构成一个推挽全桥结构，第二磁感应单元212构成一个推挽全桥结构，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212共同构成一个双推挽全桥差分结构。第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212的灵敏度方向相同，且具有近似完全相同的结构和性质。具体的，第一磁感应单元211包含四个磁电阻桥臂211d1、211d2、211d3和211d4，且构成推挽全桥结构，该推挽全桥结构的两个输出端V1d1和V1d2的差值构成第一磁感应单元211的输出V1d。第二磁感应单元212包含四个磁电阻桥臂212d1、212d2、212d3和212d4，且构成推挽全桥结构，该推挽全桥结构的两个输出端V2d1和V2d2的差值构成第二磁感应单元212的输出V2d。两个推挽全桥结构的输出V1d和V2d的差分信号形成双推挽全桥差分结构的Vout输出信号。
四个磁电阻桥臂211d2、211d3、212d2和212d3的灵敏度方向向左，四个磁电阻桥臂211d1、211d4、212d1和212d4的灵敏度方向向右。待测电流输入原边电流输入铜排时，磁感应模块感应磁场，在感应到前述条件下的差模磁场时，四个磁电阻桥臂211d1、211d4、212d2和212d3的电阻值下降，四个磁电阻桥臂211d2、211d3、212d1和212d4的电阻值上升，由此V1d2和V2d1的输出电压值均减小，V1d1和V2d2的输出电压值均增大，V1d1与V1d2的差值V1d为正，V2d1与V2d2的差值V2d为负，则由两个推挽全桥结构的输出V1d和V2d差分形成的Vout输出信号随差模磁场发生编号。同理，双推挽全桥差分结构具有良好的抗共模磁场干扰能力。
可以理解，磁感应模块的结构除以上四种典型电桥结构之外，在相同原理的基础上，磁感应模块的结构还可以根据具体应用情况对半桥结构和全桥结构的差分输出、各桥臂灵敏度方向设置、两个或以上磁感应单元设置等进行相应的变化，由此形成其他电桥结构的磁感应模块。可选上述每个磁电阻桥臂由一个或一个以上的磁电阻敏感元件通过串并联连接构成。
以下对磁感应模块中闭环负反馈信号调理电路进行简要说明。可选磁感应模块还包括信号调理电路，信号调理电路采用开环信号调理电路和闭环信号调理电路的其中一种。
参考图17所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种电流传感器的示意图，参考图18所示，为本发明实施例提供的另一种电流传感器的示意图，参考图19所示，为本发明实施例提供的又一种电流传感器的示意图。可选磁感应模块2包含第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212。闭环信号调理电路采用磁场反馈线圈22。闭环信号调理电路、磁场反馈线圈22、第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212构成闭环磁场反馈，将前述磁感应模块中电桥结构的差分电压信号经放大后，通过驱动磁场反馈线圈22产生反馈磁场。该反馈磁场反向抵消前述原边电流输入铜排1在第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212位置处产生的磁场差值(即差模磁场)，达到磁场动态平衡时，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212工作在相同的共模磁场条件下，通过取样电阻对磁场反馈线圈22的反馈电流取样后形成磁感应模块2的输出。原边电流输入铜排1还包括分流铜排区12、原边输入端13和原边输出端14。
可选磁场反馈线圈22集成于闭环信号调理电路内部、或线路板3内部、或磁感应单元内部、或ASIC专用集成电路内部、或磁感应模块2内部，磁场反馈线圈22集成到不同位置时，工作原理相同，不影响闭环磁场负反馈的工作。
如图17所示，可选磁场反馈线圈22集成于磁感应模块2内部，磁场反馈线圈22所在平面平行于第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212所在平面。磁场反馈线圈22在图17所示截面中沿原边电流输入铜排1中差分铜排区11的U型结构电流传导路径中线两侧对称分布，且中线一侧的磁场反馈线圈22电流方向垂直纸面向外，中线另一侧的磁场反馈线圈22电流方向垂直纸面向内。
以待测电流的磁场方向在第一磁感应单元211位置处向右，且在第二磁感应单元212位置处向左为例，为了反向抵消待测电流产生的差模磁场，磁场反馈线圈22在第一磁感应单元211下方水平排列的导线电流方向为垂直纸面向外，磁场反馈线圈22在第二磁感应单元212下方水平排列的导线电流方向为垂直纸面向内。由此磁场反馈线圈22在第一磁感应单元211处产生水平向左的反馈磁场，磁场反馈线圈22在第二磁感应单元212处产生水平向右的反馈磁场，来反向抵消待测电流产生的差模磁场，达到磁场动态平衡。
如图18所示，可选磁场反馈线圈22集成于线路板3内部。如图19所示，可选磁场反馈线圈22集成于第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212内部。在其他实施例中，还可选磁场反馈线圈集成于其他位置，不限于以上图示位置。尽管磁场反馈线圈分布或连接略有不同，但都是利用磁场反馈线圈产生的反馈磁场抵消待测电流产生的差模磁场，并最终实现对待测电流的检测。
基于以上结构，对本发明实施例提供的电流传感器的整体结构进行简要概述。
本发明实施例提供如图7所示的第一种电流传感器，其截面图如图17所示，电流传感器包括原边电流输入铜排1、磁感应模块2、线路板3和机械支架外壳4；原边电流输入铜排1包括含有U型结构电流传导路径的差分铜排区11、一个分流铜排区12、一个原边输入端13和一个原边输出端14。可选原边电流输入铜排1为一体 成型铜排，即差分铜排区11、分流铜排区12、原边输入端13和原边输出端14位于同一水平面。差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12并联连接，两端连接处分别为原边输入端13和原边输出端14。待测电流由原边输入端13流入后，经过差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12分流，由原边输出端14流出。机械支架外壳4对电流传感器内各部分起到包裹和固定支撑的作用。磁感应模块2固定于线路板3上，二者均与原边电流输入铜排1电气隔离。
磁感应模块2内包含位于同一水平面且灵敏度方向均水平向右的第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212。第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212分别位于差分铜排区11的U型结构电流传导路径内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径上方，其中，可选第一磁感应单元211下方电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向内，第二磁感应单元212下方电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向外。
第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212采用的磁电阻敏感元件均为隧道磁电阻TMR。如图13所示，两个磁感应单元各包含一个磁电阻桥臂，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212共同构成同一个单电桥差分半桥结构，以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排1产生的差模磁场，并产生差分电压信号。磁感应模块2采用闭环信号调理电路，闭环信号调理电路、集成于磁感应模块2内部的磁场反馈线圈22、第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212共同构成闭环磁场反馈，磁感应模块2的输出形成电流传感器的输出信号。
本发明实施例提供如图9所示的第二种电流传感器，其截面图如图18所示，电流传感器包括原边电流输入铜排1、磁感应模块2、线路板3和机械支架外壳4；原边电流输入铜排1包括含有U型结构电流传导路径的差分铜排区11、一个分流铜排区12、一个原边输入端13和一个原边输出端14。
可选分流铜排区12位于差分铜排区11所在平面的下方或上方，差分铜排区11 和分流铜排区12为两个独立铜排再并联连接，两端连接处分别为原边输入端13和原边输出端14。除了两端连接处之外，位于不同平面的差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12中间相互隔离。待测电流由原边输入端13流入后，经过差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12分流，由原边输出端14流出。机械支架外壳4对电流传感器内各部分起到包裹和固定支撑的作用。磁感应模块2固定于线路板3上，二者均与原边电流输入铜排1电气隔离。
磁感应模块2内包含位于同一水平面且灵敏度方向均水平向右的第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212。第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212分别位于差分铜排区11的U型结构电流传到路径内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径上方，其中，可选第一磁感应单元211下方电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向内，第二磁感应单元212下方电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向外。
第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212采用的磁电阻敏感元件均为巨磁电阻GMR。如图14所示，两个磁感应单元各包含两个磁电阻桥臂，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212共同构成同一个单电桥差分全桥结构，以差分方式感应原边电流输入铜排1产生的差模磁场，并产生差分电压信号。磁感应模块2采用闭环信号调理电路，闭环信号调理电路、集成于线路板3内部的磁场反馈线圈22、第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212共同构成闭环磁场反馈，磁感应模块2的输出形成电流传感器的输出信号。
本发明实施例提供如图11所示的第三种电流传感器，其截面图如图17所示，电流传感器包括原边电流输入铜排1、磁感应模块2、线路板3和机械支架外壳4。原边电流输入铜排1包括含有U型结构电流传导路径的差分铜排区11、一个分流铜排区12、一个原边输入端13和一个原边输出端14。可选原边电流输入铜排1为一体成型铜排，即差分铜排区11、分流铜排区12、原边输入端13和原边输出端14位 于同一水平面。图11与图7的主要区别在于，图11所示电流传感器中差分铜排区11将U型结构电流传导路径的U型开口两端通过另一条第三电流传导路径111相连，将待测电流通过差分铜排区11的部分电流进行再一次分流，进一步减小了待测电流在磁感应模块2处产生的磁场。
如图15所示，第一磁感应单元211采用一个推挽半桥结构并形成电压输出信号，第二磁感应单元212采用一个推挽半桥结构并形成电压输出信号，两个推挽半桥结构组成双推挽半桥差分结构，且两个推挽半桥结构的电压输出形成差分电压信号。磁感应模块2采用和第一种电流传感器一致的闭环信号调理电路，并构成闭环磁场反馈，磁感应模块2的输出形成电流传感器的输出信号。
本发明实施例提供如图19所示的第四种电流传感器，其俯视图如图20所示，电流传感器包括如图20所示的原边电流输入铜排1、磁感应模块2、线路板3和机械支架外壳4；原边电流输入铜排1包括含有U型结构电流传导路径的差分铜排区11、两个分流铜排区121和122、一个原边输入端13和一个原边输出端14。可选原边电流输入铜排1为一体成型铜排，差分铜排区11、两个分流铜排区121和122、原边输入端13以及原边输出端14位于同一水平面。差分铜排区11和分流铜排区121&122并联连接，两端连接处分别为原边输入端13和原边输出端14。待测电流由原边输入端13流入后，经过差分铜排区11、分流铜排区121和122分流，由原边输出端14流出。机械支架外壳4对电流传感器内各部分起到包裹和固定支撑的作用。
磁感应模块2固定于线路板3上，二者均与原边电流输入铜排1电气隔离。磁感应模块2内包含位于同一水平面且灵敏度方向水平向右的第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212。如图19所示，第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212分别位于差分铜排区11的U型结构内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径上方， 其中第一磁感应单元211下方电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向内，第二磁感应单元212下方电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向外。
第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212采用的磁电阻敏感元件均为隧道磁电阻TMR，每个磁感应单元包含由四个磁电阻桥臂构成的一个推挽全桥结构，如图16所示第一磁感应单元211采用一个推挽全桥结构并形成电压输出信号，第二磁感应单元212采用一个推挽全桥结构并形成电压输出信号，两个推挽全桥结构组成双推挽全桥差分结构，两个推挽全桥结构的电压输出形成差分电压信号。磁感应模块2采用闭环信号调理电路，闭环信号调理电路、集成于磁感应单元内部的磁场反馈线圈22、第一磁感应单元211和第二磁感应单元212构成闭环磁场反馈，磁感应模块2的输出形成电流传感器的输出信号。
本发明实施例提供如图4所示的第五种电流传感器，其磁感应单元所在位置的截面图如图21所示，电流传感器包括原边电流输入铜排1、磁感应模块2、线路板3和机械支架外壳4；原边电流输入铜排1包括含有U型结构电流传导路径的差分铜排区11、一个分流铜排区12、一个原边输入端13和一个原边输出端14。
可选原边电流输入铜排1为一体成型铜排，差分铜排区11、分流铜排区12、原边输入端13和原边输出端14位于同一水平面。差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12并联连接，两端连接处分别为原边输入端13和原边输出端14。待测电流由原边输入端13流入后，经过差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12分流，由原边输出端14流出。机械支架外壳4对电流传感器内各部分起到包裹和固定支撑的作用。
磁感应模块2固定于线路板3上，二者均与原边电流输入铜排1电气隔离。磁感应模块2内包含灵敏度方向竖直向上的第三磁感应单元213，第三磁感应单元213采用霍尔元件。如图21所示，第三磁感应单元213的竖直投影位置位于U型结构电流传导路径的U型包围区域内部，其下方的左侧电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸 面向内，其下方的右侧电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向外，待测电流在第三磁感应单元213位置处产生竖直向下的磁场。磁感应模块2采用开环信号调理电路，磁感应模块2的输出形成电流传感器的输出信号。
本发明实施例提供如图23所示的第六种电流传感器，其磁感应单元所在位置的截面图如图22所示，电流传感器包括原边电流输入铜排1、磁感应模块2、线路板3和机械支架外壳4；原边电流输入铜排1包括含有U型结构电流传导路径的差分铜排区11、一个分流铜排区12、一个原边输入端13和一个原边输出端14。
分流铜排区12位于差分铜排区11所在平面下方，差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12为两个独立铜排，再并联连接，两端连接处分别为原边输入端13和原边输出端14。除了两端连接处，位于不同平面的差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12中间相互隔离。待测电流由原边输入端13流入后，经过差分铜排区11和分流铜排区12分流，由原边输出端14流出。机械支架外壳4对电流传感器内各部分起到包裹和固定支撑的作用。
磁感应模块2固定于线路板3上，二者均与原边电流输入铜排1电气隔离。磁感应模块2内包含位于同一水平面且灵敏度方向竖直向上的第三磁感应单元213和第四磁感应单元214，第三磁感应单元213和第四磁感应单元214均采用霍尔元件。如图22所示，第三磁感应单元213的竖直投影位置位于U型结构电流传导路径的U型包围区域内部，其下方的左侧电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向内，其下方的右侧电流传导路径的电流方向垂直纸面向外，待测电流在第三磁感应单元213位置处产生竖直向下的磁场。第四磁感应单元214的竖直投影位置位于U型结构电流传导路径的U型包围区域外侧。
磁感应模块2采用开环信号调理电路，对第三磁感应单元213和第四磁感应单元214的差分电压信号进行调理放大、温度补偿和线性度修正。磁感应模块2的输 出形成电流传感器的输出信号。
综上所述，本发明实施例提供的电流传感器，电流测量范围大、输入输出电气隔离、可测交流直流电流、灵敏度可调且抗外磁场干扰能力强。与现有技术相比，本发明实施例提供的电流传感器的优点在于：通过对U型结构电流传导路径进行并联分流来实现对电流测量范围的调控；因而可以通过控制分流铜排区的结构、数量、所在平面来调控电流输入范围，进而实现无需铁芯的大电流测量，减小了体积和重量；进一步通过采用一体化加工简化电流传感器的设计，结构简单，降低生产成本。本发明实施例提供的电流传感器适用于磁场灵敏度方向垂直于或平行于磁感应模块所在平面的磁感应单元，其优势尤其体现在以GMR、TMR为例的高灵敏度小饱和场的磁阻器件测量，扩大了高灵敏度小饱和场磁阻器件的测量范围，具有输入输出电气隔离、可测交流直流电流、灵敏度可调、抗外磁场干扰能力强的特点。
注意，上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本发明不限于这里所述的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整、相互结合和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明，但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本发明构思的情况下，还可以包括更多其他等效实施例，而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种电流传感器，其特征在于，包括：原边电流输入铜排、磁感应模块和线路板；
    所述原边电流输入铜排包括原边输入端、原边输出端、差分铜排区和分流铜排区；
    所述差分铜排区和所述分流铜排区在电气上并联连接，所述差分铜排区包括一U型结构电流传导路径，所述分流铜排区的数量为一个或一个以上，任一所述分流铜排区与所述差分铜排区位于同一水平面或不同水平面；
    所述原边输入端的数量为一个或一个以上，所述原边输出端的数量为一个或一个以上，任一所述原边输入端和所述原边输出端为与所述差分铜排区电气连接或为与所述分流铜排区电气连接；
    所述原边电流输入铜排的构成采用以下两种情况的其中一种：(1)一体成型；(2)由一个以上独立铜排连接构成，所述独立铜排包含部分或全部所述原边输入端、所述原边输出端、所述差分铜排区和所述分流铜排区；
    所述磁感应模块固定于所述线路板上，且所述磁感应模块位于所述差分铜排区中U型结构电流传导路径的上方，所述磁感应模块的输出形成所述电流传感器的输出信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电流传感器，其特征在于，所述磁感应模块采用以下三种情况的其中一种：
    (1)所述磁感应模块内至少包括第一磁感应单元和第二磁感应单元，所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元分别位于所述U型结构电流传导路径内两条具有平行位置关系的电流传导路径的上方，所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元以差分方式感应所述原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，所述电 流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向平行于所述磁感应模块所在平面；
    (2)所述磁感应模块内至少包括第三磁感应单元，所述第三磁感应单元的竖直投影位置位于所述U型结构电流传导路径的U型包围区域内侧，所述第三磁感应单元直接感应所述原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生电压信号，所述电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向垂直于所述磁感应模块所在平面；
    (3)所述磁感应模块内至少包括所述第三磁感应单元和第四磁感应单元，所述第四磁感应单元的竖直投影位置位于所述U型结构电流传导路径的U型包围区域外侧，所述第三磁感应单元和所述第四磁感应单元以差分方式感应所述原边电流输入铜排产生的磁场，并产生差分电压信号，所述电流传感器采用的磁感应单元的磁场灵敏度方向垂直于所述磁感应模块所在平面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电流传感器，其特征在于，所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元分别包含一个或一个以上磁电阻桥臂，每个所述磁电阻桥臂由一个或一个以上磁电阻敏感元件串并联构成；
    所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元中，任一磁感应单元采用的电桥结构为差分半桥结构、差分全桥结构、双推挽半桥差分结构和双推挽全桥差分结构的其中一种：
    (1)所述差分半桥结构为单电桥，所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元共同构成同一个单电桥差分半桥结构，并形成所述差分半桥结构的输出信号；
    (2)所述差分全桥结构为单电桥，所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元共同构成同一个单电桥差分全桥结构，并形成所述差分全桥结构的输出信号；
    (3)所述双推挽半桥差分结构中，所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元均采用推挽半桥结构且各自形成电压输出信号，两个所述推挽半桥结构的电压输出信号差分形成所述双推挽半桥差分结构的输出信号；
    (4)所述双推挽全桥差分结构中，所述第一磁感应单元和所述第二磁感应单元均采用推挽全桥结构且各自形成电压输出信号，两个所述推挽全桥结构的电压输出信号差分形成所述双推挽全桥差分结构的输出信号。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电流传感器，其特征在于，所述U型结构电流传导路径的U型开口两端电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电流传感器，其特征在于，所述原边电流输入铜排分别与所述磁感应模块和所述线路板电气隔离。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电流传感器，其特征在于，所述磁感应模块还包括信号调理电路，所述信号调理电路采用开环信号调理电路和闭环信号调理电路的其中一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电流传感器，其特征在于，还包括：机械支架外壳，所述机械支架外壳对所述电流传感器内各部分起到包裹和固定支撑的作用。
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