WO2023116298A1 - 配电装置、电池包、和车辆 - Google Patents

配电装置、电池包、和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116298A1
WO2023116298A1 PCT/CN2022/132874 CN2022132874W WO2023116298A1 WO 2023116298 A1 WO2023116298 A1 WO 2023116298A1 CN 2022132874 W CN2022132874 W CN 2022132874W WO 2023116298 A1 WO2023116298 A1 WO 2023116298A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
circuit
low
negative
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/132874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
鄂从吉
高健
彭青波
吴镇汉
王成志
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BYD Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BYD Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020247009602A priority Critical patent/KR20240050396A/ko
Priority to JP2024515842A priority patent/JP2024538505A/ja
Priority to EP22909614.4A priority patent/EP4389495A4/en
Priority to AU2022422953A priority patent/AU2022422953B2/en
Priority to CA3233292A priority patent/CA3233292A1/en
Publication of WO2023116298A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116298A1/zh
Priority to US18/621,616 priority patent/US20240239211A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/24—Circuit arrangements for boards or switchyards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B60R16/0238—Electrical distribution centers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/296—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by terminals of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/519—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/0026—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus provided with connectors and printed circuit boards [PCB], e.g. automotive electronic control units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/30—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles
    • H02J2105/33—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles
    • H02J2105/37—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/70—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/751—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10227—Other objects, e.g. metallic pieces
    • H05K2201/10272—Busbars, i.e. thick metal bars mounted on the printed circuit board [PCB] as high-current conductors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a power distribution device, a battery pack, and a vehicle.
  • the distribution box in the related art usually includes a high-voltage circuit, a low-voltage circuit, a high-voltage connector and a low-voltage connector
  • the high-voltage circuit usually includes a variety of components, such as relays, insurance, HVSU (High voltage supervise unit, high voltage monitoring Unit), etc.
  • the low-voltage circuit also includes a variety of components, so there are many connecting copper bars or wiring harnesses between the components in the distribution box, resulting in chaotic layout, large space occupation, low space utilization, high cost, Heavy weight, large volume, cumbersome installation steps and low production efficiency.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present disclosure proposes a power distribution device, which has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high space utilization, small volume, light weight, low cost, versatility, and high production efficiency.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a battery pack having the above-mentioned power distribution device.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a vehicle having the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • a power distribution device including: a base, the base is configured with an interface area, and the interface area is fixed with a high-voltage connection part and a low-voltage connection part; a high-voltage circuit, the high-voltage At least a part of the circuit is assembled on the base, the high-voltage circuit is overlapped with the high-voltage connection part for electrical communication, the high-voltage circuit has a battery positive connection end and a battery negative connection end, and the components connected in the high-voltage circuit
  • the devices are electrically connected by overlapping, the high-voltage circuit includes a main breaking switch core, the main breaking switch core is fixed on the base and together forms a first module; a circuit board, the circuit board is installed on the base; and a low-voltage circuit, the low-voltage circuit is integrated on the circuit board and jointly forms a second module, the high-voltage circuit and the low-voltage connection part are respectively plugged into the circuit board and electrically communicated with the
  • the high voltage circuit further includes: a circuit protector, which is assembled on the base as a third module and overlapped with the core of the main breaking switch to be in electrical communication.
  • the main breaking switch core includes a plurality of main breaking switch cores, and the plurality of main breaking switch cores at least include: a main positive breaking switch core, the circuit protection The first end terminal of the circuit protector forms the battery positive connection end, the second end terminal of the circuit protector is overlapped with the first end terminal of the main positive breaking switch core for electrical communication; and the main negative breaking switch core body, the second end terminal of the main positive breaking switch core and the first end terminal of the main negative breaking switch core are respectively overlapped with the high voltage connection part for electrical communication.
  • the main positive breaking switch core has a main positive low-voltage positive connection piece and a main positive low-voltage negative connection piece, and the main positive low-voltage positive connection piece and the main positive low-voltage negative connection piece are plugged. on the circuit board and electrically communicated with the low voltage circuit; and the main negative breaking switch core has a main negative low voltage positive connection piece and a main negative low voltage negative connection piece, the main negative low voltage positive connection piece and the main negative low voltage positive connection piece The negative low-voltage negative electrode connecting piece is plugged into the circuit board to be electrically connected with the low-voltage circuit.
  • a positive voltage collection piece is lapped at the joint between the second end terminal of the main positive breaking switch core and the high voltage connection part, and the positive voltage collection piece is plugged into the
  • the circuit board is electrically connected with the low-voltage circuit; and a negative voltage collection sheet is lapped at the overlap between the first end terminal of the main negative breaking switch core and the high-voltage connection part, and the negative pole The voltage collection sheet is plugged into the circuit board and electrically communicated with the low-voltage circuit.
  • the high-voltage circuit further includes: a negative connection piece, a first end terminal of the negative connection piece forms the negative connection terminal of the battery, a second end terminal of the negative connection piece is connected to the The second end terminals of the main negative breaking switch core are overlapped for electrical communication.
  • the negative connection part is a current sensor, and the current sensor is connected with a current collection pin, and the current collection pin is plugged into the circuit board and electrically communicated with the low-voltage circuit.
  • the circuit protector, the main positive breaking switch core, the main negative breaking switch core and the negative connection piece are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the base;
  • the low-voltage connection part and the negative connection part are arranged along the width direction of the base.
  • the high-voltage circuit further includes: a pre-charging circuit, a part of the pre-charging circuit is integrated on the circuit board, the pre-charging circuit includes a pre-charging resistor and a pre-full cut-off switch, the The pre-charging resistor is assembled on the base as a fourth module and plugged into the circuit board to be in electrical communication with the part of the pre-charging circuit integrated on the circuit board, and the pre-full disconnection switch is plugged into the The circuit board is in electrical communication with the low-voltage circuit, the pre-charging resistor and the pre-full breaking switch are connected in series with each other and in parallel with the core of the main breaking switch, wherein the pre-full breaking switch is used as a fifth module Assembled on the base or the pre-full breaking switch is fixed on the base and forms the first module together with the base and the core of the main disconnecting switch.
  • a pre-charging circuit a part of the pre-charging circuit is integrated on the circuit board
  • the pre-charging circuit further includes: a pre-charging connecting piece, the first end of the pre-charging connecting piece overlaps the second end terminal of the circuit protector and the main At the lap joint of the first end terminal of the positive breaking switch core, the second end of the pre-charging connection piece is plugged into the circuit board and integrated with the pre-charging circuit on the circuit board. Partially connected electrically.
  • the pre-full disconnection switch has a pre-charged high-voltage positive connection piece, a pre-charged high-voltage negative connection piece, a pre-charged low-voltage positive connection piece, and a pre-charged low-voltage negative connection piece, and the pre-charged low-voltage positive connection
  • the pre-charged low-voltage negative connection piece and the pre-charged low-voltage negative connection piece are respectively plugged into the circuit board to be electrically connected with the low-voltage circuit
  • the pre-charged high-voltage positive connection piece and the pre-charged high-voltage negative connection piece are respectively plugged into the A circuit board is in electrical communication with a portion of the pre-charge circuit integrated on the circuit board.
  • the pre-charging resistor has a resistive high-voltage connecting piece, the circuit protector and the pre-charging resistor are electrically connected through contacts, and the resistive high-voltage connecting piece is plugged into the circuit board to communicate with the circuit board.
  • the part of the pre-charging circuit integrated on the circuit board is electrically connected; or the pre-charging resistor has a resistor high-voltage positive connection piece and a resistor high-voltage negative connection piece, and the resistor high-voltage positive connection piece is connected to the resistor high-voltage negative terminal.
  • the connecting piece is inserted into the circuit board to be in electrical communication with the part of the pre-charging circuit integrated on the circuit board.
  • the pre-full breaking switch, the pre-charging resistor, the main positive breaking switch core, the main negative breaking switch core, and the low-voltage connection part are arranged along the base
  • the length direction of the base is arranged in sequence; and the pre-full breaking switch, the pre-charging resistor and the circuit protector are arranged along the width direction of the base.
  • the high-voltage connection part includes: a high-voltage positive lead-out piece, the high-voltage positive lead-out piece is assembled in the interface area of the base and connected to the second and the high-voltage negative lead-out piece, the high-voltage negative lead-out piece is assembled in the interface area of the base and overlapped with the first end terminal of the main negative breaking switch core for electrical connection connected.
  • the battery positive connection terminal and the battery negative connection terminal are respectively adapted to be electrically connected to a power source by riveting; the connected components in the high-voltage circuit are overlapped and welded; and the The high-voltage circuit and the low-voltage connection part are respectively plugged into the circuit board and welded to the circuit board.
  • the base is configured with at least one accommodating cavity for accommodating components in the high-voltage circuit, and at least one of the accommodating cavities is filled with sealant to fix the components in the accommodating cavity. device.
  • the base is provided with a sealing ring, and the sealing ring is arranged around the interface area.
  • the circuit board is located on one side of the base in the thickness direction, and the interface area is located on the other side of the base in the thickness direction.
  • the base is an insulating member.
  • the base includes: a seat body, the at least a part of the high-voltage circuit is assembled on the seat body, and the circuit board is installed on the seat body; and a panel, the panel Connected to the base body, the interface area is formed on the panel.
  • the seat body and the panel are integrated or separated.
  • a battery pack including: a housing; according to the power distribution device according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the power distribution device is arranged in the housing, and the high voltage The connection part and the low-voltage connection part are exposed from the casing; and a battery module, the battery module is arranged in the casing and is electrically connected to the battery positive terminal and the battery negative connection terminal respectively.
  • a vehicle including the battery pack according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the high-voltage circuit, the positive voltage collection piece, the negative voltage collection piece, and the circuit protector in the power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when they are not riveted.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an interface area of a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the circuit board of the power distribution device and the high-voltage circuit, the pre-charging circuit and the low-voltage connection part according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the circuit board of the power distribution device and the high-voltage circuit, the pre-charging circuit and the low-voltage connection part from another perspective according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit board of a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit protector of a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a circuit principle of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a power distribution device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, or it may be Electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, or it may be Electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • the battery pack 2 includes a housing 500 , a battery module 400 and a power distribution device 1 .
  • a power distribution device 1 includes a base 100 , a high-voltage circuit 200 , a circuit board 300 and a low-voltage circuit 310 .
  • the base 100 is configured with an interface area 110, the interface area 110 is fixed with a high-voltage connection part 111 and a low-voltage connection part 112, at least a part of the high-voltage circuit 200 is assembled on the base 100, and the high-voltage circuit 200 is overlapped with the high-voltage connection part 111 for electrical communication,
  • the high-voltage circuit 200 has a battery positive terminal 210 and a battery negative terminal 220. The components connected in the high-voltage circuit 200 are electrically connected by overlapping.
  • the high-voltage circuit 200 includes a main breaking switch core 230, which is fixed on the The base 100 together forms the first module 101, the circuit board 300 is installed on the base 100, the low-voltage circuit 310 is integrated on the circuit board 300 and jointly forms the second module 102, the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage connection part 112 are plugged into the circuit board respectively 300 and is in electrical communication with the low voltage circuit 310.
  • the main breaking switch may include but not limited to relays, IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor), MOS tube (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field -One or more of Effect Transistor, MOSFET, Field Effect Transistor).
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • MOS tube Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field -One or more of Effect Transistor
  • MOSFET Field Effect Transistor
  • core refers to the part of the main breaking switch that mainly realizes its functions, which can be understood as the internal functional parts after removing its own shell, that is, the main breaking switch core 230 can be the remaining part after removing its own shell .
  • the circuit board 300 may be integrated with a battery management controller (Battery Management Controller, BMC).
  • BMC Battery Management Controller
  • the power distribution device 1 is arranged in the casing, and the high-voltage connection part 111 and the low-voltage connection part 112 are exposed from the casing.
  • the battery negative terminal 220 is electrically connected.
  • the high-voltage connection part 111 and the low-voltage connection part 112 are exposed from the housing, so as to be connected with electrical components of the vehicle (such as motors, air-conditioning compressors, PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient), etc.).
  • the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage circuit 310 are not directly connected, but a transformer structure (that is, a structure capable of changing the voltage) is connected between the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage circuit 310, such as the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage circuit. 310 is connected with a transformer.
  • a transformer structure that is, a structure capable of changing the voltage
  • the voltage of the current in the low-voltage circuit 310 is lower than the voltage of the current in the high-voltage circuit 200, and the battery module 400 can be converted into a low-voltage circuit through the high-voltage circuit 200 and the transformer structure.
  • the circuit 310 supplies power to realize the normal operation of the low-voltage circuit 310 .
  • an interface area 110 is configured on the base 100, and the interface area 110 is fixed with a high-voltage connection part 111 and a low-voltage connection part 112, and the high-voltage connection part 111 and the low-voltage connection part 112 are exposed from the housing,
  • the high-voltage connection part 111 can realize the power supply to the high-voltage electrical devices of the vehicle
  • the low-voltage connection part 112 can include a communication needle for communicating with the controller of the vehicle to realize real-time control of the power distribution device 1.
  • the low-voltage connection part 112 can also Includes low-voltage plug for powering low-voltage electrical components of the vehicle.
  • the base 100 can fix the relative positions of the high-voltage connection part 111 and the low-voltage connection part 112 to the base 100, avoid contact between the high-voltage connection part 111 and the low-voltage connection part 112, and ensure the electrical connection of the power distribution device 1. safety.
  • the high-voltage connection part 111 , the low-voltage connection part 112 and the base 100 can be designed separately to enhance connection flexibility.
  • the circuit 310 is integrated into the circuit board 300, which creates prerequisites for saving a large number of copper bars and wire harnesses inside the power distribution device 1. On this basis, combined with other settings of the power distribution device 1, it achieves stable electrical connection Existing copper bars and harnesses are eliminated, specifically:
  • the main breaking switch core 230 can have a sufficiently long lead-out part, so that the high-voltage circuit 200 and the high-voltage connection part 111 can be overlapped to Electrically connected, the connected components in the high-voltage circuit 200 can be electrically connected by overlapping, that is, the components that need to be connected in the high-voltage circuit 200 and the high-voltage circuit 200 and the high-voltage connection part 111 are partially overlapped and stacked, so as to realize two The overlapping of the former, through which the electrical connection is realized, so that the intermediate connectors in the existing high-voltage circuit and the intermediate connectors between the high-voltage circuit and the high-voltage connection, that is, the copper bars and wire harnesses of the high-voltage part wait;
  • the main breaking switch core 230 can have a sufficiently long lead-out portion, and the low-voltage circuit 310 is integrated into the circuit board 300, the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage connecting portion 112 can be respectively plugged into the circuit board 300 and electrically communicated with the low-voltage circuit 310 That is, the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage connection part 112 can be directly plugged into the circuit board 300, thereby realizing the communication between the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage circuit 310 and the communication between the low-voltage connection part 112 and the low-voltage circuit 310.
  • the low-voltage circuit 310 on the circuit board 300 It can control the on-off of the main breaking switch core 230, so that the intermediate connectors of the existing high-voltage and low-voltage connections and the intermediate connectors between the low-voltage circuit and the low-voltage connection, that is, the copper bars and wire harnesses of the low-voltage part, can be omitted.
  • the battery module 400 The high-voltage circuit 200 can be powered through the battery positive terminal 210 and the battery negative terminal 220 , and the high-voltage circuit 200 can supply power to high-voltage electrical devices on the vehicle through the high-voltage connection part 111 .
  • the layout of the electrical connection in the power distribution device 1 can be further simplified, thereby further reducing the volume of the power distribution device 1 and increasing the space of the power distribution device 1
  • the utilization rate reduces the weight and cost of the power distribution device 1, so as to further save the space of the battery pack 2, increase the energy density of the battery pack 2, and improve the battery life of the whole vehicle.
  • the base 100 can fix the relative positions of the high-voltage connection part 111, the low-voltage connection part 112, the high-voltage circuit 200 and the circuit board 300, and improve the electrical connection between the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage connection part 112 and the circuit board 300. reliability.
  • the main breaking switch core 230 is fixed on the base 100 and together forms the first module 101
  • the circuit board 300 is mounted on the base 100
  • the low voltage circuit 310 is integrated on the circuit board 300 and together forms the second module 102 .
  • the power distribution device 1 is assembled in a modular manner.
  • automatic assembly can be easily realized, process costs, design costs and labor costs are saved, and production efficiency is improved.
  • the space utilization rate of the power distribution device 1 is improved.
  • the power distribution device 1 is smaller in size, lighter in weight, and has higher versatility, thereby saving the space of the battery pack 2, increasing the energy density of the battery pack 2, and improving the battery life of the vehicle.
  • the power distribution device 1 has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high space utilization, small volume, light weight, low cost, high versatility and high production efficiency.
  • the battery pack 2 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is assembled in a modular manner by using the power distribution device 1 of the above embodiments of the present disclosure, and has the advantages of small size, light weight, low cost, versatility and high production efficiency.
  • the circuit protector 240 may include but not limited to one or more of circuit protection devices such as a fuse, a circuit breaker, a fuse, and an active insurance. By setting the circuit protector 240, the circuit protector 240 can be automatically disconnected in time to cut off the high-voltage circuit 200 when the high-voltage circuit 200 has excessive current or voltage, so as to protect other components in the high-voltage circuit 200. Purpose.
  • the high-voltage circuit 200 includes a plurality of main breaking switch cores 230, and the plurality of main breaking switch cores 230 at least include a main positive breaking switch core 231 and a main negative breaking switch core.
  • the first end terminal of the circuit protector 240 forms the battery positive connection end 210
  • the second end terminal of the circuit protector 240 overlaps the first end terminal of the main positive breaking switch core 231 for electrical communication
  • the main positive breaking switch The second end terminal of the core body 231 and the first end terminal of the main negative breaking switch core body 232 are respectively overlapped with the high voltage connection portion 111 for electrical communication.
  • the main positive breaking switch core 231 may include but not limited to the core of the relay (that is, the relay does not need to be provided with a housing), the core of an IGBT (that is, the IGBT does not need to be provided with a housing), and the core of a MOS tube (that is, the MOS tube does not need to be provided with a housing).
  • the main negative breaking switch core 232 may include but not limited to the core of the relay (that is, the relay does not need to be provided with a housing), the core of the IGBT (that is, the IGBT does not need to be provided with a housing), One or more of the core body of the MOS tube (that is, the MOS tube does not need to be provided with a casing).
  • circuit board 300 can control the on-off of the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the main negative breaking switch core 232 through the integrated low-voltage circuit 310 .
  • the main positive breaking switch core 231 can control whether there is communication between the high voltage connection part 111 and the battery positive terminal 210, and there is no need to set a conductive structure (such as a conductive structure) between the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the circuit protector 240. Copper bars or wires), and there is no need to set a conductive structure (such as a conductive copper bar or wire) between the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the high-voltage connection part 111, which simplifies the electrical connection structure of the main positive breaking switch core 231. Reliable, simple layout, not prone to problems such as excessive temperature rise or sintering at the connection.
  • the main negative breaking switch core 232 can control whether the high-voltage connection part 111 is connected to the battery negative terminal 220, and there is no need to arrange a conductive structure (such as a conductive copper bar or a wire) between the main negative breaking switch core 232 and the high-voltage connection part 111. ), which simplifies the electrical connection structure of the main and negative breaking switch core 232, the electrical connection is reliable, the layout is simple, and problems such as excessive temperature rise or sintering at the connection are not easy to occur.
  • a conductive structure such as a conductive copper bar or a wire
  • the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the main positive breaking switch core 231 When the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the main positive breaking switch core 231 are kept closed, the electrical conduction of the high voltage circuit 200 can be realized, and the battery module 400 can supply power to the high voltage electrical components of the vehicle through the high voltage connection part 111 . Because the voltage of the current in the high-voltage circuit 200 is relatively high, two switches, the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the main negative breaking switch core 232 are provided, and the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the main negative breaking switch core are The on-off between 232 does not interfere with each other, and can cut off the high-voltage circuit 200 very reliably, improving the safety of the high-voltage circuit 200, thereby ensuring the safety of power supply to the high-voltage electrical devices of the vehicle.
  • the main positive breaking switch core 231 has a main positive low-voltage positive connection piece 231a and a main positive low-voltage negative connection piece 231b, and the main positive low-voltage positive connection piece 231a is connected to the main positive low-voltage negative connection piece.
  • the piece 231b is plugged into the circuit board 300 and electrically communicated with the low voltage circuit 310 .
  • the main negative breaking switch core 232 has a main negative low-voltage positive connection piece 232a and a main negative low-voltage negative connection piece 232b, and the main negative low-voltage positive connection piece 232a and the main negative low-voltage negative connection piece 232b are plugged into the circuit board 300 to connect with the low-voltage circuit 310 Electrically connected.
  • the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the main negative breaking switch core 232 are electrically connected to the low-voltage circuit 310 on the circuit board 300, so that the main positive breaking switch core 231 can be controlled by the low-voltage circuit 310 on the circuit board 300 The on-off of and the on-off of the main negative breaking switch core 232.
  • the main positive breaking switch core 231 is directly connected to the circuit board 300 in a plug-in manner through the main positive low-voltage positive connecting piece 231a and the main positive low-voltage negative connecting piece 231b, so that the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the circuit board 300 can be omitted.
  • the conductive structure (such as conductive copper bars or wires) between them ensures reliable electrical connection between the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the circuit board 300, and is also conducive to reducing the volume of the power distribution device 1, reducing cost and weight.
  • main negative breaking switch core 232 is directly connected to the circuit board 300 through the main negative low voltage positive connecting piece 232a and the main negative low voltage negative connecting piece 232b, so that the main negative breaking switch core 232 and the circuit board 300 can be omitted.
  • the conductive structure (such as conductive copper bars or wires) between them ensures reliable electrical connection between the main and negative breaking switch core 232 and the circuit board 300, and is also conducive to reducing the volume of the power distribution device 1, reducing cost and weight.
  • a positive voltage collection piece 250 is lapped at the overlap between the second end terminal of the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the high voltage connection part 111, and the positive voltage collection piece 250 is plugged into the circuit board 300 and electrically communicated with the low-voltage circuit 310.
  • the first end terminal of the main negative breaking switch core 232 and the high-voltage connection part 111 are lapped with a negative voltage collection piece 260.
  • the negative voltage collection piece 260 It is inserted into the circuit board 300 and electrically communicated with the low voltage circuit 310 .
  • the circuit board 300 can collect the voltage of the high-voltage circuit 200 through the positive voltage collection piece 250 and the negative voltage collection piece 260, and then monitor the voltage of the high-voltage circuit 200 and whether it is sintered, which is conducive to the reliable application of the power distribution device 1 and improves the power distribution device. 1 security.
  • the second end terminal of the main negative breaking switch core body 232 overlaps the second end terminal for electrical communication.
  • the negative connecting piece 270 not only can form the battery negative connecting end 220 to realize the effective connection between the high voltage circuit 200 and the battery module 400, but also there is no need to set the negative connecting piece 270 and the main negative breaking switch core 232 Conductive structures (such as conductive copper bars or wires), so as to not only ensure the safety of the electrical connection of the power distribution device 1, but also improve the space utilization of the power distribution device 1, reduce the volume of the power distribution device 1, and reduce the cost of the power distribution device 1. 1 weight and cost.
  • Conductive structures such as conductive copper bars or wires
  • the negative connector 270 is a current sensor connected to a current collection pin 271 , which is plugged into the circuit board 300 and electrically communicated with the low voltage circuit 310 .
  • the current sensor can be used as a high voltage monitoring unit (High voltage supervise unit, HVSU).
  • the circuit board 300 can collect the current of the low-voltage loop 310 through the current sensor, thereby ensuring the stability of the current of the low-voltage loop 310 , which is beneficial to realize the reliable use of the power distribution device 1 .
  • the current sensor may be a shunt.
  • the current collection pin 271 is plugged into the circuit board 300 and electrically communicated with the low-voltage circuit 310 , so that no additional copper bars or wiring harnesses are required.
  • the circuit protector 240, the main positive breaking switch core 231, the main negative breaking switch core 232 and the negative pole connector 270 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the base 100, so that It facilitates overlapping between multiple components in the high-voltage circuit 200, and helps to omit conductive structures (such as conductive copper bars or wires), thereby improving the space utilization rate of the power distribution device 1 and reducing the volume of the power distribution device 1.
  • Reduce cost and weight ensure the reliability of electrical connection, avoid damage to the high-voltage circuit 200 , and the high-voltage circuit 200 is mainly arranged along the length direction of the base 100 , which can make more effective use of the space of the base 100 .
  • the low-voltage connection part 112 and the negative electrode connection part 270 are arranged along the width direction of the base 100, so that the low-voltage connection part 112 and the high-voltage circuit do not need to continue to be arranged along the length direction of the base 100, and the power distribution device can be reduced in size.
  • the length of 1 further improves the space utilization rate of the power distribution device 1 and reduces the weight and cost of the power distribution device 1 .
  • the circuit 280 includes a pre-charging resistor 281 and a pre-full cut-off switch 282.
  • the pre-charging resistor 281 is assembled on the base 100 as the fourth module 104 and plugged into the circuit board 300 so as to be integrated with the pre-charging circuit 280 on the circuit board 300.
  • the pre-full break switch 282 is plugged into the circuit board 300 to be electrically connected with the low-voltage circuit 310, the pre-charging resistor 281 and the pre-full break switch 282 are connected in series with each other and connected in parallel with the main breaking switch core 230, wherein the pre-full break switch 282
  • the fifth module 105 is assembled on the base 100 or the pre-full breaking switch 282 is fixed on the base 100 and forms the first module 101 together with the base 100 and the core of the main breaking switch.
  • the pre-charging resistor 281 and the pre-full breaking switch 282 are connected in series, and the pre-charging resistor 281 and the pre-full breaking switch 282 are connected in parallel with the main breaking switch core 230 after being connected in series. Moreover, the pre-full disconnection switch 282 is directly connected to the low-voltage circuit 310 , that is, there is no need for a voltage transformation structure between the pre-full disconnection switch 282 and the low-voltage circuit 310 .
  • the pre-full disconnection switch 282 can be directly fixed on the base 100 without additional housing for the pre-full disconnection switch 282 , which can reduce the volume of the power distribution device 1 , and reduce the weight and cost of the power distribution device 1 .
  • the modularity of the power distribution device 1 can be further improved.
  • it can be more It is conducive to the realization of automatic assembly, saves process cost, design cost and labor cost, improves production efficiency, and further improves the space utilization rate of the power distribution device 1, and the power distribution device 1 is smaller in size and lighter in weight , Higher versatility, so that the space of the battery pack 2 can be saved, the energy density of the battery pack 2 can be improved, and the battery life of the whole vehicle can be improved.
  • both the pre-charging resistor 281 and the pre-full disconnection switch 282 are plugged into the circuit board 300, and there is no need to arrange a conductive structure (such as a conductive copper bar or wire) between the two and the circuit board 300, which can simplify the layout of the power distribution device 1.
  • a conductive structure such as a conductive copper bar or wire
  • the pre-charging resistor 281 can be a thermistor, and the thermistor is applied to the pre-charging circuit 280.
  • the pre-charging circuit 280 has a simple structure, small size, and is easy to integrate with other components, and has certain protection for pre-charging overheating. Ability, and good adaptability to working environment and resistance range.
  • the resistance of a thermistor is more sensitive to temperature, and the thermistor has a characteristic that its resistance increases stepwise when the temperature rises above the temperature transition point (Curie temperature point).
  • the thermistor When the thermistor is used in the pre-charging circuit 280 , it only needs to consider its normal working resistance range (between the minimum resistance and the resistance value corresponding to the Curie temperature).
  • the thermistor's resistance value range and withstand energy range can be calculated according to the parameters such as voltage, load capacitance, pre-charge completion pressure difference, and pre-charge time.
  • the thermistor After calculating the resistance value range of the thermistor, check it according to the temperature resistance characteristic curve of the selected thermistor. Within a certain temperature range, such as -60°C ⁇ 130°C, select the thermistor here Check the pre-charge time for the maximum and minimum values of the corresponding resistance in the temperature range.
  • the thermistor should maintain a low resistance state under normal use conditions, otherwise it will affect the charging time. If the energy of the charging circuit is greater than the energy that a single thermistor can bear, multiple thermistors can be connected in series or in parallel to decompose the energy, increasing the circuit Withstand voltage capability and energy tolerance, that is, n* ⁇ *Eth ⁇ Ech, ⁇ is a margin reserved for safety, generally 0.7 ⁇ 0.9 is reserved, and n is the number of thermistors used. The number of used thermistors obtained by this calculation method not only meets the requirements, but also can reduce the cost.
  • the resistance value of a single thermistor can range from 20 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ , the operating environment temperature range is -60°C to 130°C, and the single withstand voltage capability can be a withstand voltage of 450VDC or below or a withstand voltage of 1000VDC and below.
  • the parameters of the voltage 400VDC, the capacitive load capacitance value 800 ⁇ f, and the response time within 1.5 seconds when the charging voltage difference is 98% are illustrated below.
  • the parameters of a single thermistor are resistance value 70 ⁇ , withstand voltage 500VDC, and Curie temperature 125 °C, -60°C ⁇ 125°C, the resistance value range of the thermistor is 56 ⁇ 112 ⁇ , and the heat capacity is 2.5J/K.
  • the number of the thermistor used can be selected according to the following method:
  • the safety margin can be selected as 0.8
  • the maximum ambient temperature is 90°C
  • the thermistor’s own temperature reaches the Curie temperature energy needs 70J
  • the circuit energy is 64J, that is, a single The thermistor meets the requirements and meets the expected conditions.
  • the pre-charging circuit 280 also includes a pre-charging connecting piece 283 , and the first end of the pre-charging connecting piece 283 overlaps the second end terminal of the circuit protector 240 and the main positive breaking switch core 231
  • the second end of the pre-charging connecting piece 283 is plugged into the circuit board 300 and electrically connected with the part of the pre-charging circuit 280 integrated on the circuit board 300 .
  • the pre-charging connecting piece 283 By setting the pre-charging connecting piece 283, the parallel connection between the pre-charging circuit 280 and the main positive breaking switch core 231 can be realized, and it can also be used to detect the voltage of the pre-charging circuit 280, and the pre-charging connecting piece 283 adopts overlapping and The electrical connection is realized in a plug-in manner. There is no need to arrange a conductive structure (such as a conductive copper bar or wire) between the pre-charged connecting piece 283 and the circuit board 300.
  • a conductive structure such as a conductive copper bar or wire
  • the second end terminal of the circuit protector 240 and the main positive breaking switch core 231 There is no need to set up a conductive structure (such as a conductive copper bar or wire) between the lap joint of the first end terminal and the pre-filling connection piece 283, which can simplify the layout of the power distribution device 1, reduce the volume of the power distribution device 1, and improve the distribution efficiency.
  • a conductive structure such as a conductive copper bar or wire
  • the pre-full disconnection switch 282 has a pre-charged high-voltage positive connection piece 284, a pre-charged high-voltage negative connection piece 285, a pre-charged low-voltage positive connection piece 286, and a pre-charged low-voltage negative connection piece 287.
  • the charging low-voltage negative connecting piece 287 is respectively plugged into the circuit board 300 to be in electrical communication with the low-voltage circuit 310
  • the pre-charging high-voltage positive connecting piece 284 and the pre-charging high-voltage negative connecting piece 285 are respectively plugged into the circuit board 300 to connect with the pre-charging circuit 280
  • the parts integrated on the circuit board 300 are electrically connected.
  • the low-voltage circuit 310 can control the on-off of the pre-full-off switch 190, and can save the intermediate connectors between the existing pre-full-off switch and the circuit board, that is, the copper bars and wiring harnesses of the pre-fill part, and the pre-full
  • the electrical connection between the disconnect switch 190 and the circuit board 300 is more reliable, and the layout is clear, and problems such as excessive temperature rise or sintering at the connection are not easy to occur, and the layout of the electrical connection in the power distribution device 1 is further simplified, thereby further Reduce the volume of the power distribution device 1, improve the space utilization rate of the power distribution device 1, reduce the weight and cost of the power distribution device 1, so as to further save the space of the battery pack 2, increase the energy density of the battery pack 2, and improve the overall car endurance.
  • the pre-charging resistor 281 has a resistive high-voltage connection piece 288, and the circuit protector 240 and the pre-charging resistor 281 are electrically connected through contact, for example, the circuit protector 240 and the pre-charging resistor 281
  • the electrical connection is realized through buckles.
  • the resistive high-voltage connecting piece 288 is plugged into the circuit board 300 to electrically communicate with the part of the pre-charging circuit 280 integrated on the circuit board 300 .
  • the pre-charging resistor 281 has a high-voltage positive connection piece 289a and a negative high-voltage connection piece 289b.
  • the high-voltage positive connection piece 289a and the high-voltage negative connection piece 289b are plugged into
  • the circuit board 300 is in electrical communication with the portion of the pre-charging circuit 280 integrated on the circuit board 300 .
  • there is no need to connect the pre-charging resistor 281 to the circuit protector 240 and only need to mechanically connect the pre-charging resistor 281 to the circuit board 300 , which is easy to disassemble and easy to process.
  • the pre-full breaking switch 282, the pre-charging resistor 281, the main positive breaking switch core 231, the main negative breaking switch core 232 and the low-voltage connection part 112 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the base 100, so that not only can The space utilization rate of the base 100 is further improved, and the circuit of the power distribution device 1 is reliably connected.
  • the pre-full off switch 282, the pre-charging resistor 281 and the circuit protector 240 are arranged along the width direction of the base 100, so that any two of the pre-fully off switch 282, the pre-charging resistor 281 and the circuit protector 240 are on the base 100. There is a staggered length direction, which can reduce the length of the base 100 to a certain extent, thereby reducing the volume of the power distribution device 1 .
  • the high-voltage connection part 111 includes a high-voltage positive lead-out piece and a high-voltage negative lead-out piece.
  • the high-voltage positive lead-out piece is assembled on the interface area 110 of the base 100 and connected to the first The two terminals are overlapped for electrical communication, and the high-voltage negative lead-out piece is assembled on the interface area 110 of the base 100 and overlapped with the first terminal of the main negative breaking switch core 232 for electrical communication.
  • the electrical connection between the high-voltage connection part 111 and the high-voltage circuit 200 can be realized, so as to ensure that the high-voltage connection part 111 can supply power to the high-voltage electrical devices of the vehicle, and the high-voltage connection part 111 can pass high-voltage
  • the electrical connection between the positive lead-out piece and the high-voltage negative lead-out piece and the main breaking switch core 230 is realized by overlapping, and no conductive structure (such as a conductive copper bar or wire) is required.
  • the electrical connection between the high-voltage connection part 111 and the high-voltage circuit 200 It is more reliable, and can further simplify the layout of the electrical connection in the power distribution device 1, thereby further reducing the volume of the power distribution device 1, improving the space utilization rate of the power distribution device 1, and reducing the weight and cost of the power distribution device 1 , so as to further save the space of the battery pack 2, increase the energy density of the battery pack 2, and improve the battery life of the whole vehicle.
  • the module 400 is electrically connected, which is convenient for subsequent replacement and maintenance.
  • the components connected to each other in the high-voltage circuit 200 are overlapped and welded. , laser welding, EPMT welding, ultrasonic welding, brazing, etc.).
  • the electrical connection between the battery positive terminal 210 and the battery negative terminal 220 and the battery module 400 is reliable, and the reliability will not increase with the length of use. It will not drop due to the shaking of the vehicle, and the electrical connection between the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage connection part 112 and the circuit board 300 is also more reliable, so as to avoid excessive temperature rise or circuit failure in the power distribution device 1.
  • the joints are sintered.
  • the base 100 is configured with at least one accommodating cavity 120 for accommodating components in the high-voltage circuit 200, at least one accommodating cavity 120 is filled with The sealant is used to fix the components in the cavity 120 .
  • the connection strength between the high-voltage circuit 200 and the base 100 is higher, which can prevent the components of the high-voltage circuit 200 from moving relative to the base 100 and improve the reliability of the electrical connection in the power distribution device 1 .
  • the base 100 is provided with a sealing ring 130, and the sealing ring 130 is arranged around the interface area 110, wherein the sealing ring 130 is elastic and can be Made of rubber material or silicone material.
  • the sealing ring 130 is elastic and can be Made of rubber material or silicone material.
  • the circuit board 300 is located on one side of the base 100 in the thickness direction, and the interface area 110 is located on the other side of the base 100 in the thickness direction, so that Increase the distance between the circuit board 300 and the interface area 110, the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage circuit 310 can be arranged between the circuit board 300 and the interface area 110, both the high-voltage circuit 200 and the low-voltage circuit 310 can be easily connected with the circuit board 300 connection, and can be conveniently connected to the high-voltage connection part 111 and the low-voltage connection part 112 to ensure the convenient arrangement of the power distribution device 1 and the small size, which is conducive to the lightweight installation of the power distribution device 1 .
  • the base 100 is an insulating member, and the base 100 may be insulating plastic. In this way, a short circuit between the high-voltage circuit 200 , the circuit board 300 and the low-voltage circuit 310 and the base 100 can be avoided, thereby improving the circuit safety of the power distribution device 1 .
  • the base 100 includes a base body 140 and a panel 150, at least a part of the high-voltage circuit 200 is assembled on the base body 140, and the circuit board 300 is installed on the base body 140 , the panel 150 is connected to the seat body 140 , and the interface area 110 is formed on the panel 150 .
  • This can ensure the structural strength of the seat body 140, ensure the stable installation of the high-voltage circuit 200 and the circuit board 300, and divide the base 100 into two parts, which can not only facilitate the processing and manufacturing of the seat body 140 and the panel 150, but also facilitate The high voltage circuit 200 , the circuit board 300 and the low voltage circuit are installed on the base 100 accurately.
  • the seat body 140 and the panel 150 are integrated or separated. It should be noted that, when the base body 140 and the panel 150 are integrated, the base body 140 and the panel 150 can be manufactured separately first, and then the base body 140 and the panel 150 can be molded into one body, so that the high-voltage circuit 200, the circuit board 300 and the Installation of the low pressure circuit 310 . Alternatively, the seat body 140 and the panel 150 are directly injection molded at one time, so as to improve the connection strength between the seat body 140 and the panel 150 .
  • the base 100 can be arranged in a variety of ways, so that the structure of the base 100 can be adjusted according to different usage conditions, and the applicability of the base 100 can be improved, so that the power distribution device 1 can meet the requirements of different usage environments.
  • the main positive breaking switch core 231 and the main negative breaking switch core 232 are fixed in the base 100 with potting glue to form the first module 101;
  • the pre-charging resistor 281 as the fourth module 104 and the pre-full off switch 282 as the fifth module 105 are clamped on the base 100;
  • the circuit protector 240 as the third module 103 is placed on the base 100, and is electrically connected to the pre-charging resistor 281 through a buckle, and the positive voltage collection piece 250, the negative voltage collection piece 260 and the negative pole are connected with bolts.
  • each connecting piece is aligned and inserted (such as the main positive low-voltage positive connection piece 231a, the main positive low-voltage negative connection piece 231b, the main negative low-voltage positive connection piece 232a, main negative low-voltage negative connection piece 232b, positive voltage collection piece 250, negative voltage collection piece 260, current collection needle 271, pre-charge connection piece 283), and the low-voltage connection part 112 on the circuit board 300 is inserted on the base 100 in the reserved hole.
  • each connecting piece is aligned and inserted (such as the main positive low-voltage positive connection piece 231a, the main positive low-voltage negative connection piece 231b, the main negative low-voltage positive connection piece 232a, main negative low-voltage negative connection piece 232b, positive voltage collection piece 250, negative voltage collection piece 260, current collection needle 271, pre-charge connection piece 283), and the low-voltage connection part 112 on the circuit board 300 is inserted on the base 100 in the reserved hole.
  • sealing ring 130 is set on the base 100 .
  • a vehicle 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure which includes the battery pack 2 according to the above-described embodiment of the present disclosure, is described below with reference to FIG. 13 .
  • the vehicle further includes a load (such as a motor) connected to the battery pack.
  • the battery pack is used to power the load.
  • the vehicle according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by using the battery pack 2 of the above embodiments of the present disclosure, has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high space utilization, small volume, light weight, low cost, versatility and high production efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
  • Distribution Board (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Connection Or Junction Boxes (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本公开提供了一种配电装置、电池包、和车辆。该配电装置包括：基座，基座构造有接口区，接口区固定有高压连接部和低压连接部；高压回路，高压回路的至少一部分装配于基座，高压回路与高压连接部搭接以电连通，高压回路具有电池正极连接端和电池负极连接端，高压回路中相连的元器件通过搭接而电连通，高压回路包括主分断开关芯体，主分断开关芯体固定于基座且共同形成第一模块；电路板，电路板安装于基座；低压回路，低压回路集成于电路板且共同形成第二模块，高压回路和低压连接部分别插接于电路板且与低压回路电连通。本公开实施例的配电装置具有结构简单紧凑、空间利用率高、体积小、重量轻、成本低、通用性和生产效率高等优点。

Description

配电装置、电池包、和车辆
本申请要求于2021年12月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为202123233795.5、申请名称为“动力电池系统配电箱”以及2022年2月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210182971.7、申请名称为“配电装置、电池包和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆技术领域，尤其是涉及一种配电装置、电池包、和车辆。
背景技术
相关技术中的配电箱，通常包括高压电路、低压电路、高压插接件以及低压插接件，高压电路通常还包括多种元器件，例如继电器、保险、HVSU(High voltage supervise unit，高压监控单元)等，低压电路也包括多种元器件，这样配电箱内的元器件之间的连接铜排或者线束走线多，导致布局混乱，占用空间大，空间利用率较低、成本高、重量重、体积大，且安装步骤繁琐，生产效率低。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本公开提出一种配电装置，该配电装置具有结构简单紧凑、空间利用率高、体积小、重量轻、成本低、通用性和生产效率高等优点。
本公开还提出一种具有上述配电装置的电池包。
本公开还提出一种具有上述电池包的车辆。
根据本公开的第一方面实施例提出一种配电装置，包括：基座，所述基座构造有接口区，所述接口区固定有高压连接部和低压连接部；高压回路，所述高压回路的至少一部分装配于所述基座，所述高压回路与所述高压连接部搭接以电连通，所述高压回路具有电池正极连接端和电池负极连接端，所述高压回路中相连的元器件通过搭接而电连通，所述高压回路包括主分断开关芯体，所述主分断开关芯体固定于所述基座且共同形成第一模块；电路板，所述电路板安装于所述基座；以及低压回路，所述低压回路集成于所述电路板且共同形成第二模块，所述高压回路和所述低压连接部分别插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述高压回路还包括：电路保护器，所述电路保护器作为第三模块装配于所述基座且与所述主分断开关芯体搭接以电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述主分断开关芯体包括多个所述主分断开关芯体，且多个所述主分断开关芯体至少包括：主正分断开关芯体，所述电路保护器的第一端端子形成所述电池正极连接端，所述电路保护器的第二端端子与所述主正分断开关芯体的第一端端子搭接以电连通；以及主负分断开关芯体，所述主正分断开关芯体的第二端端子和所述主负分断开关芯体的第一端端子分别与所述高压连接部搭接以电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述主正分断开关芯体具有主正低压正极连接片和主正低压负极连接片，所述主正低压正极连接片和所述主正低压负极连接片插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通；以及所述主负分断开关芯体具有主负低压正极连接片和主负低压负极连接片，所述主负低压正极连接片和所述主负低压负极连接片插接于所述电路板以与所述低压回路电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述主正分断开关芯体的所述第二端端子与所述高压连接部的搭接处搭接有正极电压采集片，所述正极电压采集片插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通；以及所述主负分断开关芯体的所述第一端端子与所述高压连接部的搭接处搭接有负极电压采集片，所述负极电压采集片插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述高压回路还包括：负极连接件，所述负极连接件的第一端端子形成所述电池负极连接端，所述负极连接件的第二端端子与所述主负分断开关芯体的第二端端子搭接以电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述负极连接件为电流传感器，所述电流传感器连接有电流采集针，所述电流采集针插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述电路保护器、所述主正分断开关芯体、所述主负分断开关芯体和所述负极连接件沿所述基座的长度方向依次排布；所述低压连接部与所述负极连接件沿所述基座的宽度方向排布。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述高压回路还包括：预充回路，所述预充回路的一部分集成于所述电路板，所述预充回路包括预充电阻和预充分断开关，所述预充电阻作为第四模块装配于所述基座且插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通，所述预充分断开关插接于所述电路板以与所述低压回路电连通，所述预充电阻和所述预充分断开关彼此串联且与所述主分断开关芯体并联，其中，所述预充分断开关作为第五模块装配于所述基座或所述预充分断开关固定于所述基座且与所述基座和所述主分断开关芯体共同形成所述第一模块。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述预充回路还包括：预充连接片，所述预充连接片的第一端搭接于所述电路保护器的所述第二端端子与所述主正分断开关芯体的所述第一端端子的搭接处，所述预充连接片的第二端插接于所述电路板且与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述预充分断开关具有预充高压正极连接片、预充高压负极连接片、预充低压正极连接片和预充低压负极连接片，所述预充低压正极连接片和所述预充低压负极连接片分别插接于所述电路板以与所述低压回路电连通，所述预充高压正极连接片和所述预充高压负极连接片分别插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述预充电阻具有电阻高压连接片，所述电路保护器和所述预充电阻通过接触电连通，所述电阻高压连接片插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通；或所述预充电阻具有电阻高压正极连接片和电阻高压负极连接片，所述电阻高压正极连接片和所述电阻高压负极连接片插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述预充分断开关、所述预充电阻、所述主正分断开关芯体、所述主负分断开关芯体、和所述低压连接部沿所述基座的长度方向依次排布；以及所述预充分断开关、所述预充电阻与所述电路保护器沿所述基座的宽度方向排布。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述高压连接部包括：高压正极引出片，所述高压正极引出片装配于所述基座的接口区且与所述主正分断开关芯体的所述第二端端子搭接以电连通；以及高压负极引出片，所述高压负极引出片装配于所述基座的接口区且与所述主负分断开关芯体的所述第一端端子搭接以电连通。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述电池正极连接端和所述电池负极连接端分别适于通过铆 接而与电源电连通；所述高压回路中相连的元器件彼此搭接且焊接；以及所述高压回路和所述低压连接部分别插接于所述电路板且与所述电路板焊接。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述基座构造有用于容纳所述高压回路中的元器件的至少一个容纳腔，至少一个所述容纳腔内灌装有密封胶以固定该容纳腔内的元器件。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述基座设有密封圈，所述密封圈围绕所述接口区设置。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述电路板位于所述基座的厚度方向上的一侧，所述接口区位于所述基座的厚度方向上的另一侧。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述基座为绝缘件。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述基座包括：座体，所述高压回路的所述至少一部分装配于所述座体，所述电路板安装于所述座体；以及面板，所述面板连接于所述座体，所述接口区形成于所述面板。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述座体与所述面板为一体件或分体件。
根据本公开的第二方面实施例提出一种电池包，包括：外壳；根据本公开的第一方面实施例所述的配电装置，所述配电装置设于所述外壳内，所述高压连接部和所述低压连接部从所述外壳露出；以及电池模组，所述电池模组设于所述外壳内且分别与所述电池正极连接端和所述电池负极连接端电连接。
根据本公开的第三方面实施例提出一种车辆，包括根据本公开的第二方面实施例所述的电池包。
本公开的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
本公开的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的结构示意图。
图2是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的另一视角的结构示意图。
图3是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的又一视角的结构示意图。
图4是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的爆炸图。
图5是根据本公开实施例的配电装置中高压回路、正极电压采集片、负极电压采集片以及电路保护器之间未铆接时的结构示意图。
图6是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的接口区的结构示意图。
图7是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的电路板与高压回路、预充回路以及低压连接部的连接示意图。
图8是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的电路板与高压回路、预充回路以及低压连接部的另一视角的连接示意图。
图9是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的电路板的结构示意图。
图10是根据本公开实施例的配电装置的电路保护器的结构示意图。
图11是根据本公开实施例的电池包的电路原理示意图。
图12是根据本公开另一实施例的配电装置的结构示意图。
图13是根据本公开实施例的车辆的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-配电装置，2-电池包，3-车辆，101-第一模块，102-第二模块，103-第三模块，104-第四模块，105-第五模块，100-基座，110-接口区，111-高压连接部，111a-高压正极引出片，111b-高压负极引出片，112-低压连接部，120-容纳腔，130-密封圈，140-座体，150-面板，200-高压回路，210-电池正极连接端，220-电池负极连接端，230-主分断开关芯体，231-主正分断开关芯体，231a-主正低压正极连接片，231b-主正低压负极连接片，232-主负分断开关芯体，232a-主负低压正极连接片，232b-主负低压负极连接片，240-电路保护器，250-正极电压采集片，260-负极电压采集片，270-负极连接件，271-电流采集针，280-预充回路，281-预充电阻，282-预充分断开关，283-预充连接片，284-预充高压正极连接片，285-预充高压负极连接片，286-预充低压正极连接片，287-预充低压负极连接片，288-电阻高压连接片，289a-电阻高压正极连接片，289b-电阻高压负极连接片，300-电路板，310-低压回路，400-电池模组，500-外壳。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，“若干”的含义是一个或多个。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，“连接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
下面参考附图描述根据本公开实施例的电池包2，电池包2包括外壳500、电池模组400和配电装置1。
首先参考附图描述根据本公开实施例的配电装置1。
如图1-图12所示，根据本公开实施例的配电装置1包括基座100、高压回路200、电路板300和低压回路310。
基座100构造有接口区110，接口区110固定有高压连接部111和低压连接部112，高压回路200的至少一部分装配于基座100，高压回路200与高压连接部111搭接以电连通，高压回路200具有电池正极连接端210和电池负极连接端220，高压回路200中相连的元器件通过搭接而电连通，高压回路200包括主分断开关芯体230，主分断开关芯体230固定于基座100且共同形成第一模块101，电路板300安装于基座100，低压回路310集成于电路板300且共同形成第二模块102，高压回路200和低压连接部112分别插接于电路板300且与低压回路310电连通。
需要说明的是，对于术语“主分断开关芯体230”，主分断开关可以包括但不限于继电器、IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双极型晶体管)、MOS管 (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,MOSFET，场效应管)中的一种或多种。其中，“芯体”是指主分断开关主要实现其功能的部分，可以理解为除去其本身壳体后内部的功能部件，即主分断开关芯体230可以为除去其本身壳体后剩余的部分。并且，电路板300可以集成有电池管理控制器(Battery Management Controller，BMC)。
在本公开实施例的电池包2中，配电装置1设于外壳内，高压连接部111和低压连接部112从外壳露出，电池模组400设于外壳内且分别与电池正极连接端210和电池负极连接端220电连接。其中，高压连接部111和低压连接部112从外壳露出，以便与车辆的电器件(例如电机、空调压缩机、PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient)等)连接。
举例而言，高压回路200和低压回路310之间并非直接连通，而是在高压回路200和低压回路310之间连接有变压结构(即能够改变电压的结构)，例如高压回路200和低压回路310之间连接变压器，通过上述变压结构的设置，能够保证低压回路310内电流的电压低于高压回路200内电流的电压，并且电池模组400通过高压回路200和该变压结构能够为低压回路310供电，以实现低压回路310的正常工作。
根据本公开实施例的配电装置1，通过在基座100构造有接口区110，接口区110固定有高压连接部111和低压连接部112，高压连接部111和低压连接部112从外壳露出，高压连接部111能够实现对车辆的高压电器件供电，低压连接部112可以包括通讯针，用于与车辆的控制器进行通讯，以实现对配电装置1进行实时控制，低压连接部112还可以包括低压插头，用于为车辆的低压电器件供电。并且，基座100能够固定高压连接部111和低压连接部112两者和基座100的相对位置，避免高压连接部111和低压连接部112之间产生接触，保证配电装置1的电连接的安全性。其中，高压连接部111、低压连接部112与基座100三者可以分开设计，增强连接灵活性。
由于直接采用主分断开关芯体230，并利用基座100对主分断开关芯体230进行固定和保护，如此省去了现有分断开关原有的壳体，结构简单且更加紧凑，进一步将低压回路310集成于电路板300，为省去配电装置1内部的大量铜排和线束创造了先提条件，在此基础上，结合配电装置1的其它设置，从而在实现稳定电连接的同时省去现有的铜排和线束，具体而言：
首先，由于采用基座100直接固定主分断开关芯体230，在节省空间的同时，主分断开关芯体230可以具有足够长的引出部分，如此，高压回路200与高压连接部111可以搭接以电连通，高压回路200中相连的元器件可以通过搭接而电连通，即高压回路200中的需要相连的元器件以及高压回路200与高压连接部111之间通过部分重叠叠置，从而实现两者的搭接，通过这种搭接进而实现电连通，如此可以省去现有高压回路中的中间连接件以及高压回路与高压连接部之间的中间连接件，即高压部分的铜排和线束等；
并且，由于主分断开关芯体230可以具有足够长的引出部分，且低压回路310集成于电路板300，高压回路200和低压连接部112可以分别插接于电路板300且与低压回路310电连通，即高压回路200和低压连接部112可以直接插接于电路板300，从而实现高压回路200与低压回路310的连通以及低压连接部112与低压回路310的连通，电路板300上的低压回路310能够控制主分断开关芯体230的通断，如此可以省去现有高低压连接的中间连接件以及低压回路与低压连接部之间的中间连接件，即低压部分的铜排和线束等。
由此，高压回路200自身的元器件之间以及高压回路200与高压连接部111之间电连接更为可靠，且布局清晰，不易出现温升过高或连接处烧结等问题，电池模组400可以通过电池正极连接端210和电池负极连接端220为高压回路200供电，高压回路200可以通过高压 连接部111为车辆上的高压电器件供电。通过省去现有配电装置中大量的铜排和线束，能够进一步地简化配电装置1内的电连接的布局，从而进一步地减小配电装置1的体积，提高配电装置1的空间利用率，降低配电装置1的重量以及成本，以能够进一步地节省电池包2的空间，提高电池包2的能量密度，提升整车续航能力。并且，基座100能够固定高压连接部111、低压连接部112、高压回路200和电路板300四者的相对位置，提升高压回路200和低压连接部112两者与电路板300之间电连接的可靠性。
此外，主分断开关芯体230固定于基座100且共同形成第一模块101，电路板300安装于基座100，低压回路310集成于电路板300且共同形成第二模块102。这样，配电装置1采用模块化的方式组装，一方面能够容易实现自动化装配，节省了工艺成本、设计成本以及人工成本，提高了生产效率，另一方面提高了配电装置1的空间利用率，配电装置1的体积更小、重量更轻、通用性更高，从而能够节省电池包2的空间，提高电池包2的能量密度，提升整车续航能力。
如此，根据本公开实施例的配电装置1具有结构简单紧凑、空间利用率高、体积小、重量轻、成本低、通用性和生产效率高等优点。
根据本公开实施例的电池包2，通过利用本公开上述实施例的配电装置1，采用模块化的方式组装，具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、通用性和生产效率高等优点。
根据本公开的一些具体实施例，如图1-图3所示，高压回路200还包括电路保护器240，电路保护器240作为第三模块103装配于基座100且与主分断开关芯体230搭接以电连通。其中，电路保护器240可以包括但不限于保险丝、断路器、熔断器、主动保险等回路保护器件中的一种或多种。通过设置电路保护器240，能够在高压回路200出现电流过大、电压过大等情况时，电路保护器240能够及时自动断开以切断高压回路200，从而达到保护高压回路200中其他元器件的目的。
这样，电路保护器240和主分断开关芯体230之间无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排)，配电装置1的空间利用率更高，因此体积更小、重量更轻、成本更低，有利于提高电路保护器240和主分断开关芯体230之间电连接可靠性，不易出现温升过高以及连接处烧结等问题，并且，将电路保护器240作为第三模块103，进一步地提高了配电装置1的模块化程度，进一步地便于配电装置1的自动化装配，进一步地节省工艺成本、人工成本，提高生产效率。
进一步地，如图1-图3所示，高压回路200包括多个主分断开关芯体230，且多个主分断开关芯体230至少包括主正分断开关芯体231和主负分断开关芯体232，电路保护器240的第一端端子形成电池正极连接端210，电路保护器240的第二端端子与主正分断开关芯体231的第一端端子搭接以电连通，主正分断开关芯体231的第二端端子和主负分断开关芯体232的第一端端子分别与高压连接部111搭接以电连通。
其中，主正分断开关芯体231可以包括但不限于继电器的芯体(即继电器无需设置壳体)、IGBT的芯体(即IGBT无需设置壳体)、MOS管的芯体(即MOS管无需设置壳体)中的一种或多种，主负分断开关芯体232可以包括但不限于继电器的芯体(即继电器无需设置壳体)、IGBT的芯体(即IGBT无需设置壳体)、MOS管的芯体(即MOS管无需设置壳体)中的一种或多种。
需要说明的是，电路板300通过集成低压回路310能够控制主正分断开关芯体231的通断和主负分断开关芯体232的通断。
举例而言，主正分断开关芯体231能够控制高压连接部111与电池正极连接端210之间是否连通，并且主正分断开关芯体231和电路保护器240之间无需设置导电结构(例如导电 铜排或者导线)，主正分断开关芯体231和高压连接部111之间也无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，简化了主正分断开关芯体231的电连接结构，电连接可靠，布局简单，不易出现温升过高或连接处烧结等问题。
主负分断开关芯体232能够控制高压连接部111与电池负极连接端220之间是否连通，并且主负分断开关芯体232和高压连接部111之间无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，简化了主负分断开关芯体232的电连接结构，电连接可靠，布局简单，不易出现温升过高或连接处烧结等问题。
当主正分断开关芯体231和主正分断开关芯体231都保持闭合时，能够实现高压回路200的电导通，此时电池模组400能够通过高压连接部111为车辆的高压电器件供电。由于高压回路200内的电流的电压较高，因此通过设置主正分断开关芯体231和主负分断开关芯体232两个开关，且使主正分断开关芯体231和主负分断开关芯体232之间的通断相互之间不干涉，能够非常可靠地切断高压回路200，提升高压回路200的安全性，从而保证对车辆的高压电器件供电的安全性。
更进一步地，如图1和图8所示，主正分断开关芯体231具有主正低压正极连接片231a和主正低压负极连接片231b，主正低压正极连接片231a和主正低压负极连接片231b插接于电路板300且与低压回路310电连通。主负分断开关芯体232具有主负低压正极连接片232a和主负低压负极连接片232b，主负低压正极连接片232a和主负低压负极连接片232b插接于电路板300以与低压回路310电连通。
这样，主正分断开关芯体231和主负分断开关芯体232实现与电路板300上的低压回路310的电连通，如此可以利用电路板300上的低压回路310控制主正分断开关芯体231的通断和主负分断开关芯体232的通断。并且，主正分断开关芯体231通过主正低压正极连接片231a和主正低压负极连接片231b以插接的方式与电路板300直接连接，能够省略主正分断开关芯体231和电路板300之间的导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，保证主正分断开关芯体231和电路板300之间的可靠电连接，还有利于减小配电装置1的体积，降低成本和重量。
另外，主负分断开关芯体232通过主负低压正极连接片232a和主负低压负极连接片232b以插接的方式与电路板300直接连接，能够省略主负分断开关芯体232和电路板300之间的导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，保证主负分断开关芯体232和电路板300之间的可靠电连接，还有利于减小配电装置1的体积，降低成本和重量。
可选地，如图1、图7和图8所示，主正分断开关芯体231的第二端端子与高压连接部111的搭接处搭接有正极电压采集片250，正极电压采集片250插接于电路板300且与低压回路310电连通，主负分断开关芯体232的第一端端子与高压连接部111的搭接处搭接有负极电压采集片260，负极电压采集片260插接于电路板300且与低压回路310电连通。
这样，电路板300能够通过正极电压采集片250和负极电压采集片260采集高压回路200的电压，进而监控高压回路200的电压以及是否烧结，有利于配电装置1的可靠应用，提高配电装置1的安全性。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，如图1-图3所示，高压回路200还包括负极连接件270，负极连接件270的第一端端子形成电池负极连接端220，负极连接件270的第二端端子与主负分断开关芯体232的第二端端子搭接以电连通。
这样，通过设置负极连接件270不仅能够形成电池负极连接端220，以实现高压回路200和电池模组400之间的有效连接，而且负极连接件270与主负分断开关芯体232之间无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，从而既保证配电装置1的电连接的安全性，又能够提 高配电装置1的空间利用率，减小配电装置1的体积，降低配电装置1的重量和成本。
进一步地，如图2和图3所示，负极连接件270为电流传感器，电流传感器连接有电流采集针271，电流采集针271插接于电路板300且与低压回路310电连通。其中，电流传感器可以作为高压监控单元(High voltage supervise unit，HVSU)。
如此，电路板300能够通过电流传感器采集低压回路310的电流，从而保证低压回路310的电流稳定，有利于实现配电装置1的可靠使用。其中，电流传感器可以为分流器。并且，电流采集针271插接于电路板300且与低压回路310电连通，这样可以无需设置额外的铜排或线束。
举例而言，如图1和图3所示，电路保护器240、主正分断开关芯体231、主负分断开关芯体232和负极连接件270沿基座100的长度方向依次排布，这样便于高压回路200中的多个元器件之间的搭接，有利于省略导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，从而提高配电装置1的空间利用率，减小配电装置1的体积，降低成本以及重量，保证电连接的可靠性，避免高压回路200出现损坏，而且，高压回路200的主要沿基座100的长度方向排布，能够更有效地利用基座100的空间。
并且，低压连接部112与负极连接件270沿基座100的宽度方向排布，这样低压连接部112和高压电路之间无需继续沿基座100的长度方向继续排布，能够减小配电装置1的长度，进一步地提高了配电装置1的空间利用率，降低配电装置1的重量以及成本。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，如图4、图7、图8和图11所示，高压回路200还包括预充回路280，预充回路280的一部分集成于电路板300，预充回路280包括预充电阻281和预充分断开关282，预充电阻281作为第四模块104装配于基座100且插接于电路板300以与预充回路280集成于电路板300上的部分电连通，预充分断开关282插接于电路板300以与低压回路310电连通，预充电阻281和预充分断开关282彼此串联且与主分断开关芯体230并联，其中，预充分断开关282作为第五模块105装配于基座100或预充分断开关282固定于基座100且与基座100和主分断开关芯体共同形成第一模块101。
其中，预充电阻281和预充分断开关282之间串联，预充电阻281和预充分断开关282两者串联后与主分断开关芯体230并联。并且，预充分断开关282与低压回路310之间直接连接，即预充分断开关282与低压回路310之间无需设置变压结构。
通过设置预充回路280，能够防止电池模组400以及主分断开关芯体230损坏，达到保证电池模组400以及主分断开关芯体230的目的，电路板300可以控制预充分断开关282的通断。并且，预充分断开关282可以直接固定于基座100，无需为预充分断开关282另外设置壳体，能够减小配电装置1的体积，降低配电装置1的重量和成本。
另外，通过将预充电阻281作为第四模块104，预充分断开关282单独作为第五模块105或集成于第一模块101，能够进一步地提高配电装置1的模块化程度，一方面能够更有利于实现自动化装配，节省了工艺成本、设计成本以及人工成本，提高了生产效率，另一方面进一步地提高了配电装置1的空间利用率，配电装置1的体积更小、重量更轻、通用性更高，从而能够节省电池包2的空间，提高电池包2的能量密度，提升整车续航能力。
此外，预充电阻281和预充分断开关282均插接于电路板300，两者与电路板300之间无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，能够简化配电装置1的布局，减小配电装置1的体积，提高配电装置1的空间利用率。
其中，预充电阻281可以为热敏电阻，将热敏电阻应用于预充回路280中，预充回路280的结构简单，体积小，易于与其他元器件集成，对于预充过热有一定的保护能力，且工作环 境及阻值范围适配能力好。
举例而言，热敏电阻的阻值对温度较为敏感，热敏电阻具有温度上升高于温度转换点(居里温度点)时，其阻值阶变式上升的特性。将热敏电阻应用在预充回路280中，只需要考虑其正常工作的阻值区间(最小电阻与居里温度对应的阻值之间)。热敏电阻的阻值区间以及承受能量范围可以根据电压、负载电容、预充完成压差、和预充时间等参数要求计算得出。
热敏电阻的最小阻值计算方式：Rmin≥tmin/(C*ln(UB/UB-Ut))，热敏电阻的最大阻值计算方式：Rmax≤tmax/(C*ln(UB/UB-Ut))。其中，tmin为最小预充时间，tmax为最大预充时间，Rmin为热敏电阻的最小阻值，Rmax为热敏电阻的最大阻值，C为容性负载电容值，Ut为预充电过程中对应的容性负载端电压，UB为电池模组400的电压。
计算出热敏电阻的阻值范围后，根据所选热敏电阻的温度阻值特性曲线进行校核，在一定的温度范围内，例如-60℃～130℃范围内，选取热敏电阻在此温度区间内对应阻值的最大及最小值进行预充时间校核。
热敏电阻在预充过程中，预充回路280对热敏电阻释放最大能量计算方式：Ech＝1/2CU2，单个热敏电阻温度从最大工作环境温度Tamax升高到居里温度Tc需要吸收的能量为Eth：Eth＝Cth*(Tc-Tamax)，其中，Cth是热敏电阻的热容量(即热敏电阻本体温度上升1K所需供给的的能量，单位为焦耳)。
热敏电阻在正常使用条件下应维持低阻状态，否则影响充电时间，如果充电回路的能量大于单个热敏电阻承受的能量可以采用多个热敏电阻串联或并联的方式进行能量分解，增加电路耐压能力及能量耐受能力，即n*§*Eth≥Ech，§为安全预留余量，一般预留0.7～0.9，n为热敏电阻使用个数。通过该计算方式得到的热敏电阻使用个数既符合要求，又能够降低成本。
在本公开的一些实施例中，单个热敏电阻的阻值范围可以为20Ω～200Ω，使用环境温度范围为-60℃～130℃，单个耐电压能力可以为耐压450VDC及以下或者耐压1000VDC及以下。
下面以电压400VDC、容性负载电容值800μf，充电压差98％时响应时间在1.5秒以内的参数进行举例说明，单个热敏电阻的参数为阻值为70Ω、耐压500VDC、居里温度125℃、-60℃～125℃范围内该热敏电阻的阻值区间为56Ω～112Ω、热容量2.5J/K，该热敏电阻的使用个数可参考以下方式初选：
Figure PCTCN2022132874-appb-000001
根据上述公式校核，预充在180ms～360ms时间内完成，安全余量可以选取0.8，最大环境温度为90℃，热敏电阻的自身温度达到居里温度能量需要70J,电路能量64J,即单个热敏电阻满足要求，符合预期条件。
以上所述仅为对本公开的某一实施例进行说明，旨在进一步阐述实际应用可行，并非限制本公开的专利范围。
进一步地，如图4所示，预充回路280还包括预充连接片283，预充连接片283的第一端搭接于电路保护器240的第二端端子与主正分断开关芯体231的第一端端子的搭接处，预充连接片283的第二端插接于电路板300且与预充回路280的集成于电路板300上的部分电 连通。
通过设置预充连接片283，可以实现预充回路280与主正分断开关芯体231之间的并联，同时也可以用于检测预充回路280的电压，并且预充连接片283采用搭接和插接的方式实现电连接，预充连接片283与电路板300之间无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，电路保护器240的第二端端子与主正分断开关芯体231的第一端端子的搭接处与预充连接片283之间也无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，能够简化配电装置1的布局，减小配电装置1的体积，提高配电装置1的空间利用率。
具体地，预充分断开关282具有预充高压正极连接片284、预充高压负极连接片285、预充低压正极连接片286和预充低压负极连接片287，预充低压正极连接片286和预充低压负极连接片287分别插接于电路板300以与低压回路310电连通，预充高压正极连接片284和预充高压负极连接片285分别插接于电路板300以与预充回路280的集成于电路板300上的部分电连通。
由此，低压回路310可以控制预充分断开关190的通断，并且可以省去现有预充分断开关与电路板之间的中间连接件，即预充部分的铜排和线束等，预充分断开关190与电路板300之间电连接更为可靠，且布局清晰，不易出现温升过高或连接处烧结等问题，还进一步地简化配电装置1内的电连接的布局，从而进一步地减小配电装置1的体积，提高配电装置1的空间利用率，降低配电装置1的重量以及成本，以能够进一步地节省电池包2的空间，提高电池包2的能量密度，提升整车续航能力。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图2所示，预充电阻281具有电阻高压连接片288，电路保护器240和预充电阻281通过接触电连通，例如电路保护器240和预充电阻281之间通过卡扣实现电连接。电阻高压连接片288插接于电路板300以与预充回路280的集成于电路板300上的部分电连通。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图12所示，预充电阻281具有电阻高压正极连接片289a和电阻高压负极连接片289b，电阻高压正极连接片289a和电阻高压负极连接片289b插接于电路板300以与预充回路280的集成于电路板300上的部分电连通。此时，预充电阻281和电路保护器240之间无需连接，仅需要将预充电阻281与电路板300机械连接即可，易于拆装，便于加工。
可选地，预充分断开关282、预充电阻281、主正分断开关芯体231、主负分断开关芯体232和低压连接部112沿基座100的长度方向依次排布，这样，不仅能够进一步地提高基座100的空间利用率，保证配电装置1的电路可靠连接。并且，预充分断开关282、预充电阻281与电路保护器240沿基座100的宽度方向排布，这样预充分断开关282、预充电阻281与电路保护器240任意两者在基座100的长度方向存在交错，能够一定程度上地减小基座100的长度，从而减小配电装置1的体积。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，高压连接部111包括高压正极引出片和高压负极引出片，高压正极引出片装配于基座100的接口区110且与主正分断开关芯体231的第二端端子搭接以电连通，高压负极引出片装配于基座100的接口区110且与主负分断开关芯体232的第一端端子搭接以电连通。
通过设置高压正极引出片和高压负极引出片，能够实现高压连接部111与高压回路200之间的电连接，以保证高压连接部111能够为车辆的高压电器件供电，并且高压连接部111通过高压正极引出片和高压负极引出片与主分断开关芯体230之间通过搭接实现电连接，无需设置导电结构(例如导电铜排或者导线)，高压连接部111与高压回路200之间的电连接更 为可靠，能够进一步地简化配电装置1内的电连接的布局，从而进一步地减小配电装置1的体积，提高配电装置1的空间利用率，降低配电装置1的重量以及成本，以能够进一步地节省电池包2的空间，提高电池包2的能量密度，提升整车续航能力。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，如图1-图4所示，电池正极连接端210和电池负极连接端220分别适于通过铆接(例如，拉铆、涨铆等方式)而与电池模组400电连通，这样便于后续拆换维修，高压回路200中相连的元器件彼此搭接且焊接，高压回路200和低压连接部112分别插接于电路板300且与电路板300焊接(例如，激光焊接、EPMT焊接、超电波焊接、钎焊等)。
这样，相比于采用螺栓的现有连接方式，电池正极连接端210和电池负极连接端220两者与电池模组400之间的电连接可靠，并且可靠性既不会随着使用时长的增加而下降，又不会因为车辆的晃动而下降，高压回路200和低压连接部112两者与电路板300之间的电连接也更为可靠，避免配电装置1内的温升过高或者电路连接处烧结。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，如图2和图5所示，基座100构造有用于容纳高压回路200中的元器件的至少一个容纳腔120，至少一个容纳腔120内灌装有密封胶以固定该容纳腔120内的元器件。这样，高压回路200和基座100之间的连接强度更高，能够避免高压回路200的元器件相对基座100发生移动，提高配电装置1内的电连接的可靠性。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，如图2、图4和图6所示，基座100设有密封圈130，密封圈130围绕接口区110设置，其中密封圈130具有弹性，可以为橡胶材料制成或者硅胶材料制成。这样外界空间的液体与灰尘等杂质不会通过接口区110进入到配电装置1内，提高了配电装置1的密封性，降低高压回路200、电路板300和低压回路310被腐蚀的速率，保证配电装置1的电连接的可靠性。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，如图4所示，电路板300位于基座100的厚度方向上的一侧，接口区110位于基座100的厚度方向上的另一侧，这样能够增加电路板300和接口区110之间的距离，高压回路200和低压回路310可以布置在电路板300和接口区110之间，高压回路200和低压回路310两者既能够方便地与电路板300连接，又能够方便地与高压连接部111和低压连接部112连接，保证配电装置1的排布便捷，体积小，有利于配电装置1的轻量化设置。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，基座100为绝缘件，基座100可以为绝缘塑料。这样能够避免高压回路200、电路板300和低压回路310三者与基座100之间发生短路，提高了配电装置1的电路安全性。
在本公开的一些可选实施例中，如图2-图6所示，基座100包括座体140和面板150，高压回路200的至少一部分装配于座体140，电路板300安装于座体140，面板150连接于座体140，接口区110形成于面板150。这样能够保证座体140的结构强度，保证对高压回路200和电路板300的安装稳定，并且将基座100分设为两个部件，不仅能够便于座体140和面板150的加工制造，而且能够方便地将高压回路200、电路板300和低压回路安装在基座100。
其中，座体140与面板150为一体件或分体件。需要说明的是，座体140与面板150为一体件时，可以先将座体140与面板150单独制造，再将座体140与面板150成型为一体，从而便于高压回路200、电路板300和低压回路310的安装。或者，直接将座体140与面板150一次注塑成型，以提高座体140与面板150之间的连接强度。这样，基座100的设置方式更为多样，以便于根据不同的使用情况调整基座100的结构，提高了基座100的适用性， 配电装置1能够满足不同的使用环境的需求。
下面举例描述根据本公开实施例的配电装置1的装配过程：
首先，用灌封胶将主正分断开关芯体231和主负分断开关芯体232固定在基座100内形成第一模块101；
然后，将作为第四模块104的预充电阻281以及作为第五模块105的预充分断开关282卡装在基座100上；
接下来，将作为第三模块103的电路保护器240放置到基座100上，并与预充电阻281通过卡扣电气连接，用螺栓将正极电压采集片250、负极电压采集片260和负极连接件270固定，将电路板300固定在基座100上，同时将各个连接插片对准、插接(如主正低压正极连接片231a、主正低压负极连接片231b、主负低压正极连接片232a、主负低压负极连接片232b、正极电压采集片250、负极电压采集片260、电流采集针271、预充连接片283)，且将电路板300上的低压连接部112插入基座100上的预留孔内。
最后，将密封圈130套装在基座100上。
下面参考图13描述根据本公开实施例的车辆3，车辆3包括根据本公开上述实施例的电池包2。在本公开的一些可选实施例中，该车辆还包括与上述电池包连接的负载(如马达)。该电池包用于为负载供电。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，通过利用本公开上述实施例的电池包2，具有结构简单紧凑、空间利用率高、体积小、重量轻、成本低、通用性和生产效率高等优点。
根据本公开实施例的配电装置1、电池包2和车辆3的其他构成以及操作对于本领域普通技术人员而言都是已知的，这里不再详细描述。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“具体实施例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。
尽管已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本公开的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本公开的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种配电装置(1)，其特征在于，包括：
    基座(100)，所述基座构造有接口区(110)，所述接口区固定有高压连接部(111)和低压连接部(112)；
    高压回路(200)，所述高压回路的至少一部分装配于所述基座，所述高压回路与所述高压连接部搭接以电连通，所述高压回路具有电池正极连接端(210)和电池负极连接端(220)，所述高压回路中相连的元器件通过搭接而电连通，所述高压回路包括主分断开关芯体(230)，所述主分断开关芯体固定于所述基座且共同形成第一模块(101)；
    电路板(300)，所述电路板安装于所述基座；以及
    低压回路(310)，所述低压回路集成于所述电路板且共同形成第二模块(102)，所述高压回路和所述低压连接部分别插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述高压回路还包括：
    电路保护器(240)，所述电路保护器作为第三模块(103)装配于所述基座且与所述主分断开关芯体搭接以电连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述主分断开关芯体包括多个所述主分断开关芯体，且多个所述主分断开关芯体至少包括：
    主正分断开关芯体(231)，所述电路保护器的第一端端子形成所述电池正极连接端(210)，所述电路保护器的第二端端子与所述主正分断开关芯体的第一端端子搭接以电连通；以及
    主负分断开关芯体(232)，所述主正分断开关芯体的第二端端子和所述主负分断开关芯体的第一端端子分别与所述高压连接部搭接以电连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述主正分断开关芯体具有主正低压正极连接片(231a)和主正低压负极连接片(231b)，所述主正低压正极连接片和所述主正低压负极连接片插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通；以及
    所述主负分断开关芯体具有主负低压正极连接片(232a)和主负低压负极连接片(232b)，所述主负低压正极连接片和所述主负低压负极连接片插接于所述电路板以与所述低压回路电连通。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述主正分断开关芯体的所述第二端端子与所述高压连接部的搭接处搭接有正极电压采集片(250)，所述正极电压采集片插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通；以及
    所述主负分断开关芯体的所述第一端端子与所述高压连接部的搭接处搭接有负极电压采集片(260)，所述负极电压采集片插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述高压回路还包括：
    负极连接件(270)，所述负极连接件的第一端端子形成所述电池负极连接端，所述负极连接件的第二端端子与所述主负分断开关芯体的第二端端子搭接以电连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述负极连接件为电流传感器，所述电流传感器连接有电流采集针(271)，所述电流采集针插接于所述电路板且与所述低压回路电连通。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述电路保护器、所述主正分断开关芯体、所述主负分断开关芯体和所述负极连接件沿所述基座的长度方向依次排布；以及所述低压连 接部与所述负极连接件沿所述基座的宽度方向排布。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述高压回路还包括：
    预充回路(280)，所述预充回路的一部分集成于所述电路板，所述预充回路包括预充电阻(281)和预充分断开关(282)，所述预充电阻作为第四模块(104)装配于所述基座且插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通，所述预充分断开关插接于所述电路板以与所述低压回路电连通，所述预充电阻和所述预充分断开关彼此串联且与所述主分断开关芯体并联，其中，所述预充分断开关作为第五模块(105)装配于所述基座或所述预充分断开关固定于所述基座且与所述基座和所述主分断开关芯体共同形成所述第一模块。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述预充回路还包括：
    预充连接片(283)，所述预充连接片的第一端搭接于所述电路保护器的所述第二端端子与所述主正分断开关芯体的所述第一端端子的搭接处，所述预充连接片的第二端插接于所述电路板且与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述预充分断开关具有预充高压正极连接片(284)、预充高压负极连接片(285)、预充低压正极连接片(286)、和预充低压负极连接片(287)，所述预充低压正极连接片和所述预充低压负极连接片分别插接于所述电路板以与所述低压回路电连通，所述预充高压正极连接片和所述预充高压负极连接片分别插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述预充电阻具有电阻高压连接片(288)，所述电路保护器和所述预充电阻通过接触电连通，所述电阻高压连接片插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通；或
    所述预充电阻具有电阻高压正极连接片(289a)和电阻高压负极连接片(289b)，所述电阻高压正极连接片和所述电阻高压负极连接片插接于所述电路板以与所述预充回路的集成于所述电路板上的部分电连通。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述预充分断开关、所述预充电阻、所述主正分断开关芯体、所述主负分断开关芯体、和所述低压连接部沿所述基座的长度方向依次排布；以及所述预充分断开关、所述预充电阻与所述电路保护器沿所述基座的宽度方向排布。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述高压连接部包括：
    高压正极引出片(111a)，所述高压正极引出片装配于所述基座的接口区且与所述主正分断开关芯体的所述第二端端子搭接以电连通；以及
    高压负极引出片(111b)，所述高压负极引出片装配于所述基座的接口区且与所述主负分断开关芯体的所述第一端端子搭接以电连通。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述电池正极连接端和所述电池负极连接端分别适于通过铆接而与电源电连通；
    所述高压回路中相连的元器件彼此搭接且焊接；以及
    所述高压回路和所述低压连接部分别插接于所述电路板且与所述电路板焊接。
  16. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述基座构造有用于容纳所述高压回路中的元器件的至少一个容纳腔(120)，至少一个所述容纳腔内灌装有密封胶以固定该容纳腔内的元器件。
  17. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述基座设有密封圈(130)，所述密封圈围绕所述接口区设置。
  18. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述电路板位于所述基座的厚度方向上的一侧，所述接口区位于所述基座的厚度方向上的另一侧。
  19. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述基座为绝缘件。
  20. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述基座包括：
    座体(140)，所述高压回路的所述至少一部分装配于所述座体，所述电路板安装于所述座体；以及
    面板(150)，所述面板连接于所述座体，所述接口区形成于所述面板。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的配电装置，其特征在于，所述座体与所述面板为一体件或分体件。
  22. 一种电池包(2)，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳(500)；
    根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述的配电装置(1)，所述配电装置设于所述外壳内，所述高压连接部(111)和所述低压连接部(112)从所述外壳露出；以及
    电池模组(400)，所述电池模组设于所述外壳内且分别与所述电池正极连接端(210)和所述电池负极连接端(220)电连接。
  23. 一种车辆(3)，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求22所述的电池包(2)。
PCT/CN2022/132874 2021-12-20 2022-11-18 配电装置、电池包、和车辆 Ceased WO2023116298A1 (zh)

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