WO2023116780A1 - 一种电子设备 - Google Patents

一种电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116780A1
WO2023116780A1 PCT/CN2022/140767 CN2022140767W WO2023116780A1 WO 2023116780 A1 WO2023116780 A1 WO 2023116780A1 CN 2022140767 W CN2022140767 W CN 2022140767W WO 2023116780 A1 WO2023116780 A1 WO 2023116780A1
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Prior art keywords
radiator
resonance
electronic device
mode
antenna structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/140767
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶茂
王汉阳
侯猛
薛亮
李堃
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to EP22910092.0A priority Critical patent/EP4391230A4/en
Priority to US18/722,437 priority patent/US12614849B2/en
Publication of WO2023116780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116780A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H01Q1/2266—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment disposed inside the computer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to an electronic device.
  • the antennas of traditional electronic equipment are usually designed for small size and less slits, but this requirement conflicts with the characteristics of the antenna itself as an open system, which restricts performance of the antenna.
  • a series of auxiliary means such as switches, sensor devices, circuits, and algorithms are usually chosen to be added.
  • the complexity of the antenna system increases significantly, and the user experience and cost face challenges.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a plurality of radiators, and gaps are formed between the plurality of radiators to implement a broadband antenna and meet the requirements of multiple communication frequency bands.
  • an electronic device including: a feed point, a ground point, and a radiator, and the radiator includes a first radiator, a second radiator, and a third radiator; wherein, the first radiator The first end of the body is opposite to the first end of the second radiator and forms a first slot; the second end of the first radiator is opposite to the first end of the third radiator and forms a second slot ;
  • the feeding point and the grounding point are set on the first radiator; the grounding point is set in the central area of the first radiator, or, the grounding point is set in the first radiator , the central area of the second radiator and the third radiator; the feed point is arranged between the central area and the first end of the first radiator; the feed point feeds into When receiving an electrical signal, the first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator jointly generate at least one resonance.
  • the feed point, the ground point and the radiator are used as a part of the antenna structure of the electronic device.
  • the CM mode and DM mode of the antenna structure can be excited simultaneously by setting the feeding point at a position away from the central area.
  • the resonance frequency band generated by the multi-order resonance mode (for example, one-half wavelength mode, three-half wavelength mode, etc.) under the CM mode and the multi-order resonance mode under the DM mode (
  • the resonant frequency bands generated by the half-wavelength mode, the three-half-wavelength mode, etc. are close to each other, and the bandwidth of the antenna structure is expanded through the adjacent resonant frequency bands generated by multiple resonant modes.
  • the second radiator and the third radiator have the same length.
  • the first slit and the second slit have the same width.
  • the radiation characteristics for example, bandwidth, gain, etc.
  • the second radiator and the third radiator are not provided with feeding points and grounding points.
  • the second radiator and the third radiator may not be provided with feeding points and grounding points, and the structure of the antenna structure is simpler, which is convenient for layout in electronic equipment.
  • the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator jointly generate a first resonance , the second resonance, the third resonance and the fourth resonance.
  • the first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator jointly generate the first resonance (half-wavelength mode in CM mode), The second resonance (one-half wavelength mode in DM mode), the third resonance (three-half wavelength mode in CM mode), and the fourth resonance (three-half wavelength mode in DM mode).
  • the resonance frequency range of any two adjacent resonances among the first resonance, the second resonance, the third resonance and the fourth resonance partially overlap.
  • the antenna structure can expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure through multiple resonant frequency bands close to each other. Partial overlapping of resonance frequency bands between adjacent resonances may be understood as: for example, the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance are adjacent or similar resonance frequency bands.
  • the resonant frequency range can be understood as the resonant frequency range of S11 ⁇ -4dB; the resonant frequency range partially overlaps, which can be understood as the partial frequency overlap in the two resonant frequency ranges of S11 ⁇ -4dB.
  • the resonance frequency band of the first resonance includes B35 (1.85-1.91 GHz) in LTE
  • the resonance frequency band of the second resonance includes B39 (1.88-1.92 GHz) in LTE.
  • the frequency of the second resonance is lower than the frequency of the third resonance, and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance partially overlaps with the resonance frequency band of the third resonance.
  • the radiator further includes a fourth radiator and a fifth radiator; wherein, the first end of the fourth radiator is connected to the second radiator The second end of the fifth radiator is opposite to form a third slot; the first end of the fifth radiator is opposite to the second end of the third radiator and forms a fourth slot.
  • the fourth slit formed by the fourth radiator and the second radiator and the fourth slit formed by the fifth radiator and the third radiator can further increase the higher order of the antenna structure.
  • the resonant mode of the resonant mode (the higher-order resonant mode and the original resonant mode are close to each other), for example, the 5/2 wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode, further expands the working bandwidth of the antenna structure.
  • the radiator of the antenna structure may include multiple radiators, and is not limited to the three radiators or five radiators provided in the embodiments of the present application, and may be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements. There is no limit to this.
  • the first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, the The fourth radiator and the fifth radiator jointly generate the at least one resonance.
  • the first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, the The fourth radiator and the fifth radiator jointly generate the first resonance, the second resonance, the third resonance, the fourth resonance, the fifth resonance and the sixth resonance.
  • the first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, the fourth radiator and the fifth radiator jointly generate the first resonance (CM mode 1/2 wavelength mode in DM mode), 2nd resonance (1/2 wavelength mode in DM mode), 3rd resonance (3/2 wavelength mode in CM mode), 4th resonance (1/2 wavelength mode in DM mode) 3/2 wavelength mode), fifth resonance (5/2 wavelength mode in CM mode) and sixth resonance (5/2 wavelength mode in DM mode).
  • the first resonant, the second resonant, the third resonant, the fourth resonant, the fifth resonant, and the sixth resonant The resonance frequency bands of any two adjacent resonances in the resonance partly overlap.
  • the antenna structure can expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure through multiple resonant frequency bands close to each other.
  • the electronic device further includes a frame, a part of the frame has a first position, a second position, a third position and a fourth position in sequence, wherein, The frame between the first position and the second position serves as the second radiator, the frame between the second position and the third position serves as the first radiator, and the third The frame between the position and the fourth position is used as the third radiator; the first slit is opened at the second position of the frame; the second slit is opened at the third position of the frame .
  • the antenna structure may include a frame antenna, and multiple frames may be used as multiple radiators of the antenna structure, such as the first radiator, the second radiator and the third radiator, to form the first slot and the second gap.
  • the electronic device further includes a printed circuit board PCB; the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator are related to the A first medium is arranged between the PCBs.
  • a first medium may be provided between the radiator of the antenna structure (for example, the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator) and the PCB, for example, in one embodiment , the first medium may be FR-4, so as to enhance the mechanical strength of the radiation part of the antenna structure. Moreover, as the dielectric constant of the first medium increases, the length (physical length) of the radiation part can be further reduced while keeping the electrical length of the radiator of the antenna structure constant, reducing the volume occupied by the radiator of the antenna structure.
  • the electronic device further includes a printed circuit board PCB; wherein, the PCB includes a first dielectric board and a second dielectric board that are stacked; the first The radiator is arranged between the first dielectric board and the second dielectric board; the second radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric board; the third radiator is arranged on the second The lower surface of the dielectric plate; the projection of the first end of the first radiator and the first end of the second radiator in the first direction at least partially coincides, and forms the first slot, and the first The direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first dielectric plate or the second dielectric plate is located; the second end of the first radiator and the first end of the third radiator are in the first direction The projections of at least partially coincide and form the second gap.
  • the PCB includes a first dielectric board and a second dielectric board that are stacked; the first The radiator is arranged between the first dielectric board and the second dielectric board; the second radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric board; the
  • the antenna structure may include a PCB antenna, and the first slot and the second slot may be formed by using a stacked structure of a plurality of dielectric boards in the PCB.
  • a second medium is disposed in the first slit or the second slit.
  • the capacitance value of the first slit or the second slit can be changed in the following manner, thereby controlling the energy coupled to the second radiator and the third radiator by the first radiator: (1)
  • the second medium is arranged in the first gap and the second gap.
  • (2) Adjust the width of the first slit 140 and the second slit 150 .
  • (3) Adjust the facing areas of the radiators on both sides of the first slot and the second slot.
  • capacitors may also be provided in both the first slot and the second slot, and the two ends of the capacitor are respectively electrically connected to the radiators on both sides of the slot, so as to realize the capacitance of the first slot and the second slot. value changes.
  • the electronic device further includes a ground element, one end of the ground element is electrically connected to the first radiator at the ground point, and the ground The other end of the element is grounded.
  • the ground element may be used as a part of the antenna structure.
  • the electrical characteristics at the grounding point change, and the change in the electrical characteristics at the grounding point will cause a change in the resonant frequency band of the CM mode.
  • the connection between the ground element and the first radiator is not a current zero point, and is not disturbed by the change of electrical characteristics at the ground point.
  • the ground element is a capacitor.
  • the grounding element can be at least one of capacitors or inductors.
  • the grounding element is a capacitor, its capacitance value can be between 0.1pF and 100pF, and the capacitance can be adjusted according to actual production or design. the capacitance value.
  • the ground element may also be an impedance network composed of multiple electronic components, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the electronic device further includes a matching network and a feeding unit, and one end of the matching network is electrically connected to the first radiator at the feeding point. connected, and the other end of the matching network is electrically connected to the feed unit.
  • the matching network and the feeding unit can be used as a part of the antenna structure.
  • the matching network can be used to match the electrical signal in the feeding unit with the impedance characteristic of the radiation part of the antenna structure, so as to minimize the transmission loss and distortion of the electrical signal, so as to improve the radiation characteristic of the antenna structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a common mode mode of a wire antenna provided in the present application and the corresponding distribution of current and electric field.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a differential mode mode of a wire antenna provided in the present application and the corresponding distribution of current and electric field.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 is the antenna structure 101 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 9 serves as the antenna structure 102 for comparison.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of resonance generated by the antenna structures shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 12 is a simulation result diagram of the radiation efficiency (radiation efficiency) and the system efficiency (total efficiency) of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of antenna structures with different slot widths provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of antenna structures with different electrical parameters of the grounding element provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 16 .
  • FIG. 18 is a graph showing simulation results of radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 16 .
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Coupling It can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection” can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection.
  • Direct coupling can also be called “electrical connection”, which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires, etc.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the form of connection between physical lines that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling” can be understood as the electrical conduction of two conductors through a space/non-contact method.
  • the indirect coupling may also be called capacitive coupling, for example, the equivalent capacitance is formed through the coupling between the gaps between two conductive elements to realize signal transmission.
  • Connection/connection it can refer to a mechanical connection or a physical connection, for example, the connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can mean that there are fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B, Or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to be separated.
  • fastening components such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.
  • Relative/relative setting The relative setting of A and B can refer to the setting of A and B face to face (opposite to, or face to face).
  • Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitive elements; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.
  • Resonance frequency is also called resonance frequency.
  • the resonant frequency may refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the input impedance of the antenna is zero.
  • the resonance frequency may have a frequency range, ie, a frequency range in which resonance occurs.
  • the frequency corresponding to the strongest point of resonance is the center frequency - point frequency.
  • the return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB.
  • Resonant frequency band/communication frequency band/working frequency band No matter what type of antenna, it always works within a certain frequency range (frequency band width).
  • the working frequency band of the antenna supporting the B40 frequency band includes frequencies in the range of 2300 MHz to 2400 MHz, or in other words, the working frequency band of the antenna includes the B40 frequency band.
  • the frequency range that meets the requirements of the index can be regarded as the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • Electrical length can refer to the physical length (that is, mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium and the signal required to pass the same distance as the physical length of the medium in free space Expressed as a ratio of time, the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • a is the transmission time of the electric or electromagnetic signal in the medium
  • b is the medium transmission time in free space.
  • the electrical length can also refer to the ratio of the physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the physical length of the radiator may be understood as ⁇ 10% of the electrical length of the radiator.
  • the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode (such as a half-wavelength mode, etc.) of the antenna may refer to the wavelength of a signal radiated by the antenna.
  • the half-wavelength mode of the suspended metal antenna can generate resonance in the 1.575GHz frequency band, wherein the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode refers to the wavelength at which the antenna radiates signals in the 1.575GHz frequency band.
  • the wavelength of the radiated signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Among them, ⁇ is the relative permittivity of the medium, and the frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal.
  • the gaps and grooves in the above embodiments may be filled with insulating medium.
  • Wavelength or working wavelength, which can be the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the resonance frequency or the central frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna.
  • the working wavelength can be the wavelength calculated by using the frequency of 1955MHz.
  • the "operating wavelength” may also refer to the resonant frequency or the wavelength corresponding to the non-central frequency of the operating frequency band.
  • the middle (position) of the conductor may refer to a section of conductor including the midpoint on the conductor, and may be a section of one-eighth wavelength of the conductor including the midpoint of the conductor, wherein the wavelength may be corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • the wavelength may be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point.
  • the middle (position) of the conductor may refer to a portion of the conductor that is less than a predetermined threshold (for example, 1mm, 2mm, or 2.5mm) from the midpoint on the conductor.
  • Definitions such as collinear, coaxial, coplanar, symmetrical (for example, axisymmetric, or centrosymmetric, etc.), parallel, perpendicular, and identical (for example, the same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are for the current technological level, rather than an absolutely strict definition in the mathematical sense. There may be a deviation smaller than a predetermined threshold (for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) in the line width direction between two collinear radiation stubs or edges of two antenna elements.
  • a predetermined threshold for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm
  • a deviation smaller than a predetermined threshold for example, 1mm, 0.5m, or 0.1mm
  • a predetermined angle eg, ⁇ 5°, ⁇ 10°
  • the current co-direction/reverse distribution mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the main current direction on the conductors on the same side is the same direction/reverse direction.
  • a circular conductor is excited to distribute current in the same direction (for example, the current path is also circular)
  • it should be understood that on the conductors on both sides of the circular conductor such as the conductor surrounding a gap, in the gap
  • Antenna system efficiency refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the port of the antenna.
  • Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated from the antenna to space (that is, the power that effectively converts the electromagnetic wave part) to the active power input to the antenna.
  • active power input to the antenna input power of the antenna ⁇ loss power;
  • the loss power mainly includes return loss power and metal ohmic loss power and/or dielectric loss power.
  • Radiation efficiency is a value to measure the radiation capability of an antenna, and metal loss and dielectric loss are both influencing factors of radiation efficiency.
  • the efficiency is generally represented by a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB, and the closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna is.
  • Antenna return loss It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit and the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the return loss of the antenna can be expressed by the S11 parameter, and the S11 is one of the S parameters.
  • S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter can characterize the quality of the antenna's emission efficiency.
  • the S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the return loss of the antenna, and the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that the more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the S11 parameter The larger is, the greater the return loss of the antenna is, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna is.
  • the S11 value of -4dB is generally used as a standard.
  • the S11 value of the antenna is less than -4dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or it can be considered that the transmission efficiency of the antenna is relatively good.
  • Electromagnetic wave absorption ratio (specific absorption rate, SAR): It is a unit of expression to measure how much radio frequency radiation energy is actually absorbed by the body, called the specific absorption rate, expressed in watts per kilogram (W/kg) or milliwatts per gram ( mW/g) to express.
  • SAR is a unit of expression to measure how much radio frequency radiation energy is actually absorbed by the body, called the specific absorption rate, expressed in watts per kilogram (W/kg) or milliwatts per gram ( mW/g) to express.
  • SAR the derivative of the unit energy (dw) absorbed by the unit volume unit (dv) unit material (dm) under a given material density ( ⁇ —human tissue density) relative to time.
  • Ground can generally refer to at least a part of any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or any combination of any of the above ground layers, or ground plates, or ground components, etc.
  • ground can be used to ground components within electronic equipment.
  • the "ground” may be the ground layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, or the ground plane formed by the middle frame of the electronic device or the ground metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen.
  • the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer or 12-14 layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13 or 14 layers of conductive material, or a printed circuit board such as A dielectric or insulating layer, such as fiberglass, polymer, etc., that separates and electrically insulates components.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer and a wiring layer, and the wiring layer and the ground layer are electrically connected through via holes.
  • components such as displays, touch screens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, system on chip (SoC) structures, etc. may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace and/or ground planes in the circuit board.
  • the radio frequency source is set on the wiring layer.
  • the conductive material can be any one of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, Silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-plated substrate, brass-plated substrate sheets and aluminum-coated substrates.
  • the ground layer/ground plate/ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are applicable to electronic equipment using one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (blue-tooth, BT) communication technology, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, wireless security True (wireless fidelity, WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology and other communication technologies in the future.
  • the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart home, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, smart glasses, and the like.
  • the electronic device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in the 5G network or electronic devices in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., this
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • FIG. 1 exemplarily shows an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the electronic device is a mobile phone for illustration.
  • the electronic device 10 may include: a cover plate (cover) 13, a display screen/module (display) 15, a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) 17, a middle frame (middle frame) 19 and a rear cover (rear cover)21.
  • the cover plate 13 can be a glass cover plate (cover glass), and can also be replaced by a cover plate of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass material cover plate, PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyterephthalate Ethylene formate) material cover plate, etc.
  • the cover plate 13 can be arranged close to the display module 15 , and can be mainly used for protecting and dustproofing the display module 15 .
  • the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display panel (liquid crystal display, LCD), a light emitting diode (light emitting diode, LED) display panel or an organic light emitting semiconductor (organic light-emitting diode, OLED) display panel, etc. , this application does not limit it.
  • liquid crystal display panel liquid crystal display, LCD
  • light emitting diode light emitting diode, LED
  • organic light emitting semiconductor organic light-emitting diode, OLED
  • the middle frame 19 mainly plays a supporting role of the whole machine. It is shown in Fig. 1 that the PCB 17 is arranged between the middle frame 19 and the rear cover 21. It should be understood that, in one embodiment, the PCB 17 can also be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and this application does not Do limit.
  • the printed circuit board PCB 17 may use a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, or a Rogers (Rogers) dielectric board, or a mixed media board of Rogers and FR-4, and so on.
  • FR-4 is a code name for a flame-resistant material grade
  • Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board.
  • the PCB 17 carries electronic components, for example, radio frequency chips and the like.
  • a metal layer may be disposed on the printed circuit board PCB17.
  • the metal layer can be used for grounding of electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB17, and can also be used for grounding of other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc.
  • the metal layer can be called a floor, or a ground plane, or a ground layer.
  • the metal layer can be formed by etching metal on the surface of any dielectric board in the PCB 17 .
  • the metal layer for grounding can be disposed on the side of the printed circuit board PCB17 close to the middle frame 19 .
  • the edges of the printed circuit board PCB 17 can be considered as the edges of its ground plane.
  • the metal middle frame 19 may also be used for grounding the above components.
  • the electronic device 10 may also have other ground/ground planes/ground layers, as mentioned above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the electronic device 10 may also include a battery (not shown in the figure).
  • the battery can be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the rear cover 21 , or between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15 , which is not limited in the present application.
  • the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery can be arranged between the main board and the sub-board, wherein the main board can be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board can be arranged on the Between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.
  • the electronic device 10 may further include a frame 11, and the frame 11 may be formed of a conductive material such as metal.
  • the frame 11 can be disposed between the display module 15 and the back cover 21 and extend around the periphery of the electronic device 10 .
  • the frame 11 can have four sides surrounding the display module 15 to help fix the display module 15 .
  • the frame 11 made of metal material can be directly used as the metal frame of the electronic device 10 to form the appearance of a metal frame, which is suitable for metal industrial design (ID).
  • the outer surface of the frame 11 may also be made of non-metallic material, such as a plastic frame, to form the appearance of a non-metallic frame, which is suitable for a non-metallic ID.
  • the middle frame 19 may include a frame 11, and the middle frame 19 including the frame 11 as an integral part may support the electronic devices in the whole machine.
  • the cover plate 13 and the rear cover 21 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the frame to form a housing or housing of the electronic device.
  • the cover plate 13 , the rear cover 21 , the frame 11 and/or the middle frame 19 may be collectively referred to as a housing or a shell of the electronic device 10 .
  • “outer shell or shell” can be used to refer to any part or all of the cover plate 13, the rear cover 21, the frame 11 or the middle frame 19, or to refer to the cover plate 13, the rear cover 21, the frame 11 Or part or all of any combination in the middle frame 19.
  • the frame 11 may not be regarded as a part of the middle frame 19 .
  • the frame 11 can be connected with the middle frame 19 and integrally formed.
  • the frame 11 may include a protruding piece extending inward to connect with the middle frame 19 , for example, by means of spring clips, screws, welding, and the like.
  • the protruding part of the frame 11 can also be used to receive a feed signal, so that at least a part of the frame 11 acts as a radiator of the antenna to receive/transmit radio frequency signals.
  • the back cover 21 may be a back cover made of a metal material, or a back cover made of a non-conductive material, such as a non-metal back cover such as a glass back cover or a plastic back cover.
  • FIG. 1 only schematically shows some components included in the electronic device 10 , and the actual shape, actual size and actual configuration of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .
  • the surface of the electronic device where the display screen is located is the front side
  • the side where the rear cover is located is the back side
  • the side where the frame is located is the side surface
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a common mode mode of a wire antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application and a corresponding distribution of current and electric field.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure and the corresponding current and electric field distribution of another wire antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the radiator of the wire antenna 40 is connected to the ground (such as a floor, which may be a PCB) through a feeder 42 .
  • the wire antenna 40 is connected to a feed unit (not shown) at a middle position 41, and adopts a symmetrical feed.
  • the feeding unit can be connected to the middle position 41 of the wire antenna 40 through the feeding line 42 .
  • symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding unit is connected to the radiator, and the other end is grounded, wherein the connection point (feeding point) between the feeding unit and the radiator is located at the center of the radiator, and the center of the radiator, for example, can be a collective structure The midpoint of , or the midpoint of the electrical length (or the area within a certain range near the above midpoint).
  • the middle position 41 of the wire antenna 40 may be the geometric center of the wire antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the connection between the feeding line 42 and the wire antenna 40 covers the middle position 41 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the current and electric field distribution of the wire antenna 40 .
  • the current is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the middle position 41 , for example, reversely distributed; the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 41 .
  • the current at the feeder line 42 exhibits the same direction distribution. Based on the current distribution in the same direction at the feed line 42, this feed shown in (a) in FIG. 2 can be referred to as CM feed of the wire antenna.
  • the line antenna mode shown in (b) in Figure 2 can be called the CM mode of the line antenna (also referred to as the CM line antenna for short). ).
  • the current and the electric field shown in (b) of FIG. 2 can be called the current and the electric field of the CM mode of the wire antenna, respectively.
  • the current and electric field of the CM mode of the wire antenna are generated by the two branches (for example, two horizontal branches) on both sides of the middle position 41 of the wire antenna 40 as an antenna working in a quarter-wavelength mode.
  • the current is strong at the middle position 41 of the wire antenna 40 and is weak at both ends of the wire antenna 40 .
  • the electric field is weak at the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 and is strong at both ends of the line antenna 40 .
  • the two radiators of the wire antenna 50 are connected to the ground (such as a floor, which may be a PCB) through a feeder 52 .
  • the wire antenna 50 is connected to a feed unit at a middle position 51 between two radiators, and adopts an anti-symmetrical feed.
  • One end of the feeding unit is connected to one of the radiators through the feeding line 52 , and the other end of the feeding unit is connected to the other radiator through the feeding line 52 .
  • the intermediate position 51 may be the geometric center of the wire antenna, or the gap formed between the radiators.
  • the anti-symmetric feeding can be understood as that the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are respectively connected to the two ends of the radiator.
  • the signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude and opposite phases, for example, the phase difference is 180° ⁇ 10°.
  • FIG. 3 shows current and electric field distributions of the wire antenna 50 .
  • the current distribution is asymmetrical on both sides of the middle position 51 of the wire antenna 50 , for example, distributed in the same direction; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 51 .
  • the current at the feeder line 52 exhibits a reverse distribution.
  • Such feeding shown in (a) in FIG. 3 may be referred to as wire antenna DM feeding based on the current reverse distribution at the feeding line 52 .
  • the line antenna mode shown in (b) in FIG. 3 can be referred to as the DM mode of the line antenna ( It can also be referred to as DM wire antenna for short).
  • the current and the electric field shown in (b) of FIG. 3 can be called the current and the electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna, respectively.
  • the current and electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna are generated by the whole wire antenna 50 as an antenna working in the half-wavelength mode.
  • the current is strong at the middle position 51 of the wire antenna 50 and is weak at both ends of the wire antenna 50 .
  • the electric field is weak at the middle position 51 of the line antenna 50 and is strong at both ends of the line antenna 50 .
  • the radiator of the wire antenna can be understood as a metal structure that generates radiation, and its number can be one piece, as shown in Figure 2, or it can also be two pieces, as shown in Figure 3, which can be determined according to the actual situation. The design or production needs to be adjusted.
  • two radiators can also be used as shown in Figure 3.
  • the two ends of the two radiators are arranged opposite to each other and separated by a gap, and a symmetrical feeding method is adopted at the two ends close to each other, for example Feed the same feed signal at the two ends of two radiators that are close to each other, and an effect similar to that of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 can also be obtained.
  • a radiator can also be used as shown in Figure 2, and two feeding points are set in the middle of the radiator and an anti-symmetrical feeding method is adopted, for example, symmetrical on the radiator If the two feeding points of the antenna are respectively fed with signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases, the effect similar to that of the antenna structure shown in Figure 3 can also be obtained.
  • the resonant frequency of the antenna's half-wavelength mode (first-order mode), one-time wavelength mode (second-order mode), and three-half wavelength mode (third-order mode) have a multiplier relationship.
  • the resonant frequency corresponding to the half-wavelength mode is around 1 GHz
  • the resonant frequencies of the one-time wavelength mode and the three-half wavelength mode (third-order mode) are around 2 GHz and 3 GHz, respectively. Therefore, the bandwidth corresponding to a single resonance generated in the antenna is relatively narrow.
  • efficiency pits will be generated in the resonant frequency band, which will affect the performance of the antenna.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a plurality of radiators.
  • a plurality of radiators serve as at least a part of an antenna structure of an electronic device.
  • adjust the frequency of the resonant frequency band of the multi-order CM mode and the frequency of the resonant frequency band of the multi-order DM mode generated by the antenna structure so that the frequency of the resonant frequency band of the multi-order CM mode and The resonant frequency bands of the multi-order DM modes are close to each other, so as to realize a broadband antenna and meet the needs of multiple communication frequency bands.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure 100 may include a first radiator 110 , a second radiator 120 and a third radiator 130 , and the first radiator 110 , the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 serve as the antenna structure 100 radiator.
  • the first radiator 110 may be disposed between the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 .
  • the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 is opposite to the first end 121 of the second radiator 120 without touching each other.
  • a first slit 140 is formed.
  • the second end 112 of the first radiator 110 is opposite to the first end 131 of the third radiator 130 without touching each other.
  • a second slit 150 is formed.
  • the first radiator 110 is provided with a feed point 113 and a ground point 114 .
  • the grounding point 114 is disposed in the central area 115 .
  • the ground point 114 is used to electrically connect with the floor 170 to ground the antenna structure 100 .
  • the feeding point 113 is disposed between the central area 115 and the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 .
  • the electronic device further includes a power feeding unit 160 .
  • the feed point 113 is used to electrically connect with the feed unit 160 to feed the radiator.
  • the feeding unit may serve as a part of the antenna structure 100 . When the electric signal is fed into the feeding point, the first radiator 110 , the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 jointly generate at least one resonance.
  • the CM mode and the DM mode of the antenna structure 100 can be simultaneously excited by setting the feeding point 113 at a position deviated from the central area 115 .
  • the resonance frequency band generated by the multi-order resonance mode for example, one-half wavelength mode, three-half wavelength mode, etc.
  • the resonant frequency bands generated by the half-wavelength mode, the three-half-wavelength mode, etc. are close to each other, and the bandwidth of the antenna structure 100 is expanded through the adjacent resonant frequency bands generated by multiple resonant modes.
  • the "central region” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be understood as the central region of the radiator, which is formed at a certain distance from the midpoints of all the radiators of the antenna structure.
  • the radiator includes a first radiator 110 , a second radiator 120 and a third radiator 130 .
  • the midpoint of the radiator can be the geometric center of the radiator (the lengths of the radiators on both sides of the midpoint are the same, that is, the length of the first radiator 110 on both sides of the midpoint is the same as the length of the second radiator 120 and the length of the third radiator respectively).
  • the sum of the lengths of body 130 is the same).
  • the midpoint of the radiator can also be the midpoint of the electric length of the radiator (the electric lengths of the radiators on both sides of the midpoint are the same, that is, the electric lengths of the first radiator 110 on both sides of the midpoint are respectively the same as that of the second radiator 110 ).
  • the sum of the electrical length of the third radiator 120 and the electrical length of the third radiator 130 is the same).
  • the central area 115 thereof may be one-eighth of the first length from the midpoint of the radiator. area within the range.
  • the “central area” mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may be understood as an area formed by a central area of the first radiator 110 at a certain distance from the midpoint of the first radiator 110 .
  • the midpoint of the first radiator 110 may be the geometric center (the lengths of the first radiators 110 on both sides of the midpoint are the same).
  • the midpoint of the first radiator 110 may also be the midpoint of the electrical length of the first radiator 110 (the electrical lengths of the first radiators 110 on both sides of the midpoint are the same).
  • the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 cannot be understood as a point in a narrow sense, and it can also be considered that the first radiator 110 includes an end point (the first radiator 110 can be any point on the edge of the first radiator 110), for example, it can be considered that the first end 111 is a radiator within one-eighth of the first wavelength from the endpoint, or it can also be considered It is the radiator within 5mm from the end point.
  • the second end 112 of the first radiator 110 , the first end 121 of the second radiator 120 and the first end 131 of the third radiator 130 can also be understood accordingly.
  • the second radiator and the third radiator may not have a feeding point and a grounding point, and the structure of the antenna structure 100 is simpler, which is convenient for layout in the electronic device.
  • the first radiator 110, the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 jointly generate the first resonance (half wavelength mode in CM mode), The second resonance (one-half wavelength mode in DM mode), the third resonance (three-half wavelength mode in CM mode), and the fourth resonance (three-half wavelength mode in DM mode).
  • the resonance frequency bands of any two adjacent resonances among the first resonance, the second resonance, the third resonance and the fourth resonance partially overlap to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure 100 .
  • the partial overlapping of resonance frequency bands between adjacent resonances may be understood as: for example, the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance are adjacent or similar resonance frequency bands.
  • the resonant frequency range can be understood as the resonant frequency range of S11 ⁇ -4dB; the resonant frequency range partially overlaps, which can be understood as the partial frequency overlap in the two resonant frequency ranges of S11 ⁇ -4dB.
  • the resonance frequency band of the first resonance includes B35 (1.85-1.91 GHz) in LTE
  • the resonance frequency band of the second resonance includes B39 (1.88-1.92 GHz) in LTE.
  • the frequency of the second resonance is lower than the frequency of the third resonance
  • the resonance frequency band of the second resonance partially overlaps with the resonance frequency band of the third resonance.
  • the formation of the first gap 140 between the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 and the first end 121 of the second radiator 120 can be understood as the arrangement of the first radiator 110 and the second radiator 120 In the same plane (for example, coplanar), the end of the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 is opposite to the end of the first end 121 of the second radiator 120 to form a first slot 140 .
  • the antenna structure 100 may include a frame antenna, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • a part of the frame 11 of the electronic device has a first position 101 , a second position 102 , a third position 103 and a fourth position 104 in sequence.
  • the frame 11 between the first position 101 and the second position 102 serves as the second radiator 120
  • the frame 11 between the second position 102 and the third position 103 serves as the first radiator 110
  • the frame 11 between 104 serves as the third radiator 130 .
  • a first gap 140 is opened at the second position 102 of the frame 11 , that is, the first gap 140 is formed between the end surface of the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 and the end surface of the first end 121 of the second radiator 120 .
  • a second gap 150 is opened at the third position 103 of the frame 11 , that is, the second gap 150 is formed between the end surface of the second end 112 of the first radiator 110 and the end surface of the first end 131 of the third radiator 130 .
  • floor 170 may be a metal layer in a PCB.
  • a first medium may be provided between the radiator/radiating part of the antenna structure 100 (for example, the first radiator 110, the second radiator 120, and the third radiator 130) and the PCB, for example, in one embodiment, the second A medium may be the aforementioned FR-4 to enhance the mechanical strength of the radiation portion of the antenna structure 100 .
  • the second A medium may be the aforementioned FR-4 to enhance the mechanical strength of the radiation portion of the antenna structure 100 .
  • the length of the radiating part can be further reduced to reduce the volume occupied by the radiating part of the antenna structure 100 .
  • the antenna structure 100 may include a PCB antenna, as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the PCB 17 of the electronic device includes a first dielectric board 171 and a second dielectric board 172 that are stacked.
  • the first radiator 110 is disposed between the first dielectric plate 171 and the second dielectric plate 172
  • the second radiator 120 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 171
  • the third radiator 130 is disposed on the second dielectric plate 172. lower surface. Projections of the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 and the first end 121 of the second radiator 120 in the first direction are at least partially coincident, and form a first slot 140 in the first direction.
  • Projections of the second end 112 of the first radiator 110 and the first end 131 of the third radiator 130 in the first direction are at least partially coincident, and form the second slot 150 in the first direction.
  • the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first radiator is located.
  • the PCB may also include other dielectric boards stacked.
  • the PCB includes a first dielectric board, a second dielectric board and a third dielectric board that are stacked in sequence.
  • the second radiator may be arranged between the first dielectric board and the second dielectric board, the first radiator is arranged between the second dielectric board and the third dielectric board, and the third radiator is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric board .
  • adjustments may also be made as required by actual production or design, which is not limited in this application.
  • the antenna structure 100 may also include other types of antennas, for example, optically invisible display antenna (antenna on display, AOD), bracket antenna, laser-direct-structuring (laser-direct-structuring, LDS) antenna, Flexible printed circuit (flexible printed circuit, FPC) antenna or floating metal (floating metal, FLM) antenna, this application does not limit the type of antenna structure, for the sake of simplicity, no more details will be given.
  • optically invisible display antenna antenna on display, AOD
  • bracket antenna laser-direct-structuring (laser-direct-structuring, LDS) antenna
  • Flexible printed circuit flexible printed circuit, FPC
  • FLM floating metal
  • the first radiator 110, the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 may not necessarily be arranged along a straight line (for example, collinear), and may also be arranged along with the electronic device.
  • the inner space is bent.
  • the antenna structure 100 includes a frame antenna
  • the first radiator 110 may be arranged along with the bending of the frame, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 may also be bent, which is not limited in this application.
  • the lengths of the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 may be the same.
  • the widths of the first slit 140 and the second slit 150 may be the same.
  • the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 are along the virtual axis of the first radiator 110 (the lengths of the first radiator 110 on both sides of the virtual axis are the same).
  • the radiation characteristics (eg, bandwidth, gain, etc.) of the antenna structure 100 increase accordingly.
  • the length difference between the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 is within 10%, which can be understood as the second radiator.
  • the body 120 and the third radiator 130 have the same length, and the width difference between the first slit 140 and the second slit 150 is within 10%. It can be understood that the width of the first slit 140 and the second slit 150 are the same.
  • the energy coupled to the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 by the first radiator 110 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the performance of the antenna structure 100.
  • radiator properties The first slot 140 formed by the first end 111 of the first radiator 110 and the first end 121 of the second radiator 120 and the second end 112 of the first radiator 110 and the first end 131 of the third radiator 130
  • the formed second gap 150 can be equivalent to a capacitance, and the calculation formula of the capacitance value is as follows:
  • ⁇ is the dielectric constant of the medium between the two polar plates of the capacitor (radiators on both sides of the gap); ⁇ is the absolute dielectric constant in vacuum; k is the electrostatic force constant; The area facing the side radiators on both sides of the slit in the embodiment of the application; d is the vertical distance between the two plates, and is the width of the first slit or the second slit in the embodiment of the application.
  • the capacitance value of the first slit or the second slit can be changed in the following manner, so as to control the energy coupled to the second radiator 120 and the third radiator 130 by the first radiator 110 : (1) A second medium is provided in the first slit 140 and the second slit 150 . (2) Adjust the width of the first slit 140 and the second slit 150 . (3) Adjust the facing areas of the radiators on both sides of the first slot 140 and the second slot 150 .
  • capacitors may also be provided in both the first slot 140 and the second slot 150, and the two ends of the capacitors are respectively electrically connected to the radiators on both sides of the slot, so as to realize the connection between the first slot 140 and the second slot.
  • the capacitance value of the slot 150 changes.
  • the capacitance values of the first slot 140 and the second slot 150 are related to the frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna structure, and can be adjusted according to actual design or production requirements, which is not limited in this application.
  • the electronic device may further include a ground element 173 .
  • a ground element 173 may be disposed between the ground point 114 and the floor 170 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the ground element 173 may be part of the antenna structure 100 .
  • One end of the ground element 173 is electrically connected to the first radiator 110 at the ground point 114
  • the other end of the ground element 173 is electrically connected to the floor 170 .
  • the ground element 173 can be used to adjust the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 100 , for example, the frequency of the resonance point generated by the antenna structure 100 .
  • the ground element 173 may be at least one of a capacitor or an inductor, for example, the ground element 173 may be a capacitor, and the capacitance value may be between 0.1pF and 100pF, for example, between 1pF and 50pF, according to The actual production or design adjusts the capacitance value of the capacitor.
  • the grounding element 173 may also be an impedance network composed of multiple electronic components, which is not limited in this application.
  • the electronic device further includes a matching network 174 .
  • the matching network 174 may be set between the feeding point 113 and the feeding unit 160 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • matching network 174 may be part of antenna structure 100 .
  • One end of the feeding unit 160 is electrically connected to the first radiator 110 at the feeding point 113 , and the other end of the feeding unit 160 is electrically connected to the feeding unit 160 .
  • the matching network 174 can be used to match the electrical signal in the feeding unit 160 with the impedance characteristic of the radiation part of the antenna structure 100, so as to minimize the transmission loss and distortion of the electrical signal, so as to improve the radiation characteristic of the antenna structure 100 .
  • the matching network 174 may include at least one of capacitors, inductors or resistors. For example, capacitors may be connected in parallel and then connected in series. The application does not limit the specific form of the matching network 174 .
  • the working frequency band of the antenna structure 100 may include a frequency band less than 6 GHz (sub6G) in the 5G frequency band, for example, a frequency band of N77 (3.3 GHz-4.2 GHz) or a frequency band of N79 (4.4 GHz-5.0 GHz).
  • sub6G 6 GHz
  • N77 3.3 GHz-4.2 GHz
  • N79 4.4 GHz-5.0 GHz
  • FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are a group of antenna structures provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 is the antenna structure 101 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 9 serves as the antenna structure 102 for comparison.
  • the radiation parts of the antenna structure 101 and the antenna structure 102 both use copper as the conductor material, and the conductivity is 5.8 ⁇ 10 7 .
  • the structural difference between the antenna structure 101 and the antenna structure 102 is only that the radiating part of the antenna structure 101 has a slit, which divides the radiating part into a first radiator, a second radiator and a third radiator.
  • the second radiator and the third radiator couple energy from the first radiator through the first slot and the second slot, therefore, in this embodiment, the first slot and the second slot
  • the facing area of the radiator on the side is 3 mm 2 .
  • the parameters of the antenna structure 101 shown in FIG. 8 in the following simulation diagram are shown in Table 1 below:
  • L1 is the length of the second radiator
  • L2 is the length of the first radiator
  • L3 is the length of the third radiator
  • g1 is the width of the first slot
  • g2 is the width of the second slot
  • D1 is the antenna structure
  • D2 is the distance between the ground point and the feeding point
  • W1 is the width of the radiator of the antenna structure
  • W2 is the width of the floor
  • L4 is the length of the floor.
  • C1 is the capacitance value of the ground element connected in series between the ground point and the floor
  • C2 and C3 are the capacitance values in the matching network connected in series between the feed unit and the feed point.
  • C1 , C2 and C3 are a case of a ground element and a matching network provided to adjust the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 101 .
  • the grounding element and matching network in the antenna structure 102 can also be adjusted correspondingly, so that the resonant frequency bands of the antenna structure 101 and the antenna structure 102 are similar, which is convenient for comparison.
  • the dielectric constant and loss tangent are parameters of the medium provided between the radiating portion and the floor.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of resonance generated by the antenna structures shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 10 it is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrum of the resonance generated by the antenna structure 102 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the resonant frequencies of the half-wavelength mode (first-order mode) and three-half-wavelength mode (third-order mode) of the antenna structure 102 in the CM mode and the DM mode have a frequency doubling relationship, and the resonant frequency band generated by the first-order mode and The resonant frequency bands generated by the third-order modes are far apart.
  • FIG. 10 it is a schematic diagram of the frequency spectrum of the resonance generated by the antenna structure 101 shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the antenna structure 101 makes the resonant frequencies of the half-wavelength mode (first-order mode) and the three-half-wavelength mode (third-order mode) close to each other in the CM mode and the DM mode through the gap formed between the radiators. Furthermore, it has a frequency doubling relationship, so as to realize a broadband antenna and meet the needs of multiple communication frequency bands.
  • FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are simulation diagrams of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 12 is a simulation result diagram of the radiation efficiency (radiation efficiency) and the system efficiency (total efficiency) of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • the parameters of the antenna structure 101 and the antenna structure 102 can be adjusted to make the resonance frequency band of the low-order mode of the antenna structure 101 and the antenna structure 102 have the same resonant frequency band.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 9 have the same starting position of resonance, which is around 2.6 GHz.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 9 has two resonances at 2GHz-6GHz because the resonant frequencies of the half-wavelength mode (first-order mode) and three-half-wavelength mode (third-order mode) have a frequency doubling relationship.
  • One-half wavelength mode corresponding to CM mode and DM mode.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 8 makes the resonance frequency bands generated by multi-order resonance modes (for example, 1/2 wavelength mode, 3/2 wavelength mode, etc.) close to each other by adjusting the parameters of the antenna structure, so in 2GHz-6GH Can generate 4 resonances (1st resonance, 2nd resonance, 3rd resonance and 4th resonance), which can correspond to the half-wavelength mode in CM mode and DM mode and the half-wavelength mode in CM mode and DM mode respectively
  • the three-wavelength mode uses multiple resonant frequency bands to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 8 passes two resonance modes (CM mode and 3/2 wavelength mode in DM mode) with high frequency, and the first resonance, the second resonance,
  • the resonance frequency bands of any two adjacent resonances of the third resonance and the fourth resonance partially overlap, so that its operating bandwidth is double that of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 9 , which can meet the requirements of more communication frequency bands.
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 is close to that of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 9 . But for the system efficiency, the antenna structure shown in Figure 9 drops rapidly at frequencies above 3.1 GHz, and efficiency pits appear.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 increases the flatness of system efficiency in 3.1GHz-4.5GHz by introducing two high-frequency resonance modes (CM mode and 3/2 wavelength mode in DM mode).
  • the bandwidth of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 8 is twice as large as that of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 9, which can meet the needs of more communication frequency bands.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the radiation Part of the current is transmitted through the gap coupling between the radiators.
  • the current transmission path is shortened, and the corresponding electrical length is shortened, so that the frequency of the resonant frequency band Move toward higher frequencies, closer to the resonant frequency band produced by the three-half wavelength mode.
  • the resonance generated by the three-half wavelength mode will also be affected by the gap, but the high-order mode (three-half wavelength mode) is compared with the low-order mode (two-half wavelength mode).
  • One-half-wavelength modes are less affected, and the general rule is that the resonant frequency bands generated by lower-order modes have a wider range of frequency shifts than the resonant frequency bands generated by higher-order modes.
  • the closer the position of the gap is to the zero point of the current in the resonance mode the smaller the influence on the distribution of the current, therefore, the smaller the impact on the resonance mode.
  • the antenna structure has multiple modes that can be excited, for example, (N-1/2) wavelength mode and N times wavelength mode, N is a positive integer, as long as its input impedance and The impedance of the excitation source remains the same, and the corresponding mode can be excited.
  • N is a positive integer, as long as its input impedance and The impedance of the excitation source remains the same, and the corresponding mode can be excited.
  • the antenna structure generates (N-1/2) wavelength modes, for example, a half wavelength mode, a three-half wavelength mode, and the like. This is because the boundary conditions of the (N-1/2) wavelength mode and the N times wavelength mode are different. As shown in FIG.
  • the ground point of the radiation part of the antenna structure is the current zero point, but the current zero point of the N-fold wavelength mode is not located at this position. Therefore, in one embodiment, the N times wavelength mode of the antenna structure can be excited by changing the boundary conditions of the antenna structure, for example, a filter can be connected in series between the ground point and the floor to make the antenna structure work at (N-1 /2) In the wavelength mode, it has a band-pass characteristic, that is, the filter is turned on, and the antenna structure works in the N-fold wavelength mode, and it has a band-stop characteristic, that is, the filter is not turned on, and the above-mentioned N-fold wavelength mode can be excited at the same time and (N-1/2) wavelength modes.
  • a filter can be connected in series between the ground point and the floor to make the antenna structure work at (N-1 /2)
  • the wavelength mode it has a band-pass characteristic, that is, the filter is turned on, and the antenna structure works in the N-fold wavelength mode, and it has a band-stop
  • the filter may be a surface acoustic wave filter (surface acoustic wave, SAW), a bulk acoustic wave filter (bulk acoustic wave, BAW) or a film bulk acoustic resonator filter (film bulk acoustic resonator, FBAR).
  • SAW surface acoustic wave
  • BAW bulk acoustic wave filter
  • BAR film bulk acoustic resonator filter
  • FBAR film bulk acoustic resonator
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of antenna structures with different slot widths provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the width of the first slit and the width of the second slit are the same as an example. In practical applications, the width of the first slit may be different from the width of the second slit, which is not limited in the present application.
  • CM mode and DM mode the half-wavelength modes
  • the frequency of the resonant frequency band keeps moving to high frequency, gradually approaching the resonant frequency band generated by the three-half wavelength mode (CM mode and DM mode).
  • the frequency of the resonant frequency band generated by the three-half wavelength mode basically remains unchanged.
  • the width of the first slit and the second slit By adjusting the width of the first slit and the second slit, the frequency interval between the resonant frequency band generated by the half wavelength mode and the resonant frequency band generated by the three-half wavelength mode can be effectively adjusted to form the required antenna structure working bandwidth.
  • the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance of the first slit and the second slit is changed, thereby controlling the coupling between the radiators, and further realizing the bisection
  • the frequency interval between the resonant frequency band generated by the one-wavelength mode and the resonant frequency band generated by the three-half wavelength mode can be effectively regulated.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of antenna structures with different electrical parameters of the grounding element provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the ground element is a capacitor as an example for illustration.
  • the ground element may also be at least one of capacitors, inductors or resistors.
  • the grounding element may also be an impedance network composed of multiple electronic components (capacitors, inductors or resistors), which is not limited in this application.
  • the frequency of the resonant frequency band generated by the CM mode continues to move to low frequencies .
  • the frequency of the resonant frequency band generated by the DM mode (1/2 wavelength mode and 3/2 wavelength mode) basically remains unchanged.
  • the capacitance value of the grounding element By adjusting the capacitance value of the grounding element, the frequency interval between the resonant frequency band generated by the CM mode and the resonant frequency band generated by the DM mode can be effectively adjusted to form the required working bandwidth of the antenna structure.
  • the CM mode is a current zero point at the connection point (ground point) between the ground element and the first radiator, as shown in FIG. 13 , the change of the electrical characteristics at the ground point will cause the Changes in the resonant frequency band.
  • the connection between the ground element and the first radiator is not a current zero point, and is not disturbed by the change of electrical characteristics at the ground point.
  • the half-wavelength mode is more sensitive to the adjustment of the capacitance because of its lower frequency, resulting in a larger frequency shift.
  • Table 2 and Table 3 below are the normalized (18dBm) 5mm body SAR values of the antenna structures shown in Figs. 9 and 8, respectively.
  • the antenna structure works in the half-wavelength mode in CM mode, and the antenna structures shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 both have good SAR.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 8 works in the 3/2 wavelength mode in the DM mode, and the SAR value of the antenna structure shown in Figure 8 is greatly reduced compared with the antenna structure shown in Figure 9 .
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 8 is in the 3/2 mode of the CM mode (4.0GHz) and the DM mode (4.5GHz), and the SAR values of the two are close, which is still significantly lower than the DM The SAR value of the mode. Therefore, the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application shows that it is suitable for broadband application of electronic equipment in terms of SAR.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the radiator of the antenna structure 200 may include a first radiator 210, a second radiator 220, a third radiator 230, a fourth radiator 240, and a fifth radiator 250.
  • the first radiator 210, The second radiator 220 , the third radiator 230 , the fourth radiator 240 and the fifth radiator 250 serve as the radiation part of the antenna structure 200 .
  • the first radiator 210 , the second radiator 220 , the third radiator 230 , the fourth radiator 240 and the fifth radiator 250 jointly generate at least one resonance.
  • the radiating part of the antenna structure may include multiple radiators, not limited to the three radiators or five radiators provided in the embodiments of the present application, and may be adjusted according to actual production or design requirements. There is no limit to this.
  • the first end of the first radiator 210 is opposite to the first end of the second radiator 220 without touching each other, and the first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220 form a first A gap 201 .
  • the second end of the first radiator 210 is opposite to the first end of the third radiator 230 without touching each other, and a second gap is formed between the second end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the third radiator 230 202.
  • the first end of the fourth radiator 240 is opposite to the second end of the second radiator 220 without touching each other, and a third gap is formed between the first end of the fourth radiator 240 and the second end of the second radiator 220 203.
  • the first end of the fifth radiator 250 is opposite to the second end of the third radiator 230 without touching each other, and a fourth gap is formed between the first end of the fifth radiator 250 and the second end of the third radiator 230 204.
  • the first radiator 210 is provided with a feeding point and a grounding point.
  • the grounding point is set in the central area.
  • the grounding point is used for electrical connection with the floor and grounding the antenna structure 200 .
  • the feeding point is arranged between the central area and the first end of the first radiator.
  • the feed point is used to electrically connect with the feed unit to feed the antenna structure 200 .
  • the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 16 adds a fourth radiator 240 and a fifth radiator 250 on the basis of the antenna structure 100 .
  • the radiator 220 forms the third slot 203 and the fifth radiator 250 and the third radiator 230 form the fourth slot 204, which can further increase the higher-order resonance mode generated by the antenna structure 200 (the higher-order resonance mode close to the original resonance mode), for example, the 5/2 wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode, further expanding the working bandwidth of the antenna structure 200 .
  • the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220, the third radiator 230, the fourth radiator 240 and the fifth radiator 250 jointly generate the first resonance ( 1/2 wavelength mode in CM mode), 2nd resonance (1/2 wavelength mode in DM mode), 3rd resonance (3/2 wavelength mode in CM mode), 4th resonance (DM mode 3/2 wavelength mode in CM mode), fifth resonance (5/2 wavelength mode in CM mode) and sixth resonance (5/2 wavelength mode in DM mode).
  • the resonant frequency bands of any adjacent two resonant resonances among the first resonant, second resonant, third resonant, fourth resonant, fifth resonant and sixth resonant partially overlap, so as to extend the operation of the antenna structure 200 bandwidth.
  • the lengths of the second radiator 220 and the third radiator 230 may be the same.
  • the fourth radiator 240 and the fifth radiator 250 may have the same length.
  • the width of the first slit 201 and the second slit 202 may be the same.
  • the third slit 203 and the fourth slit 204 may have the same width.
  • the antenna structure 200 has better radiation characteristics.
  • a grounding element may be provided between the grounding point and the floor.
  • the grounding element is a capacitor for illustration.
  • the ground element can also be an inductor.
  • the ground element may also be an impedance network composed of multiple electronic components, which is not limited in the present application.
  • a matching network may be provided between the feed point and the feed unit.
  • One end of the feed unit is electrically connected to the first radiator at the feed point, and the other end of the feed unit is electrically connected to the feed unit.
  • the matching network can be used to match the electrical signal in the feeding unit with the impedance characteristic of the radiating part of the antenna structure, so as to minimize the transmission loss and distortion of the electrical signal.
  • the matching network is described in the form of connecting capacitors in parallel and then connecting capacitors in series. This application does not limit the specific form of the matching network.
  • the parameters of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 16 in the following simulation diagram are shown in Table 4 below:
  • H1 is the length of the first radiator
  • H2 is the length of the second radiator
  • H3 is the length of the third radiator
  • H4 is the length of the fourth radiator
  • H5 is the length of the fifth radiator
  • b1 is the length of the second radiator
  • E1 is the distance between the radiation part of the antenna structure and the floor
  • E2 is the ground point and the feed
  • W3 is the width of the radiation part of the antenna structure
  • W4 is the width of the floor
  • W5 is the length of the floor.
  • C4 is the capacitance value of the ground element connected in series between the ground point and the floor
  • C5 and C6 are the capacitance values in the matching network connected in series between the feed unit and the feed point. It should be understood that C4, C5 and C6 are a case of a ground element and a matching network set to adjust the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 200 .
  • the dielectric constant and loss tangent are parameters of the medium provided between the radiating portion and the floor.
  • the above parameters of the antenna structure 200 are used as examples only, and the present application does not limit the specific parameters of the antenna structure, which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs.
  • FIG. 17 and 18 are simulation diagrams of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 16 .
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram of the S11 simulation result of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 16 .
  • FIG. 18 is a graph showing simulation results of radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the parameters of the antenna structure can be adjusted so that the performance of the antenna structure 200
  • the resonant frequency band of the low-order mode is the same as the resonant frequency band of the antenna structure 101 and the resonant frequency band of the antenna structure 102 .
  • the starting position of the resonance of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 16 is the same as that of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 9 , which is around 2.6 GHz.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 utilizes the three-half wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 17 can utilize higher-order resonance modes (such as the 5/2 wavelength mode under CM mode and DM mode) on the basis of the antenna structure shown in Figure 8, and the higher-order resonance The mode is close to the original resonance mode, further expanding the working bandwidth of the antenna structure, so that its working bandwidth can meet the needs of more communication frequency bands.
  • the working frequency band of the antenna structure can include N77 (3.3GHz–4.2 GHz) band and N79 (4.4GHz–5.0GHz) band.
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 16 is close to that of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 9 drops rapidly at frequencies above 3.1 GHz, and efficiency pits appear.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 increases the flatness of the system efficiency of 3.1 GHz-4.5 GHz due to the introduction of the 3/2 wavelength mode in the CM mode and the DM mode.
  • the antenna structure shown in Fig. 8 is above 4.5 GHz, and its system efficiency drops rapidly.
  • the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 16 utilizes higher-order resonant modes (such as the 5/2 wavelength mode in CM mode and DM mode) on the basis of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 8 , so that the system efficiency of the antenna structure can be improved
  • the increased flatness avoids the rapid drop in system efficiency that occurs at 4.5GHz.
  • the working bandwidth of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 16 is twice as large as that of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 9, which can meet the requirements of more communication frequency bands.
  • the bandwidth of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 16 is doubled compared with the bandwidth of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 8, which can meet more communication frequency band requirements.
  • Table 5 below is the normalized (18dBm) 5mm body SAR values for the antenna structure shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application shows that it is suitable for broadband application of electronic equipment in terms of SAR.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the narrower-width wire antenna is used as an example for illustration, and the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to a wider-width planar antenna, as shown in FIG. 19 .
  • a planar antenna may include a patch conductor, a dielectric board, and a floor.
  • the patch conductor and the floor are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the dielectric board.
  • Slits are provided between the radiators in the patch conductor, and a feeding point and a grounding point are provided on the first radiator located among the plurality of radiators.
  • the grounding point may be set on the virtual axis of the first radiator for grounding the planar antenna.
  • the feed point can be set on one side deviated from the virtual axis, for feeding the planar antenna.
  • the first radiator may be electrically connected to the floor through the ground via hole.
  • the ground via may include a plurality of through holes, and the equivalent capacitance or inductance between the patch conductor and the floor can be adjusted by adjusting the density, radius and depth of each of the plurality of through holes to achieve control. The size of inductive or capacitive to ground.
  • capacitors may be provided in the gaps between the radiators to adjust the capacitance of the equivalent capacitance formed by the gaps, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the planar antenna.
  • the gap between the radiators may be filled with a medium, which is used to adjust the capacitance of the equivalent capacitance formed by the gap, thereby controlling the radiation characteristics of the planar antenna.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be in electrical or other forms.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括辐射体、馈电点和接地点，辐射体包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第三辐射体，其中，第一辐射体的第一端与第二辐射体的第一端相对并形成第一缝隙，第一辐射体的第二端与第三辐射体的第一端相对并形成第二缝隙，第一辐射体上设置馈电点和接地点，接地点设置于辐射体的中心区域或第一辐射体的中心区域，馈电点设置于中心区域和第一辐射体的第一端之间。多个辐射体之间形成缝隙可以实现宽带天线，满足多个通信频段的需要。

Description

一种电子设备
本申请要求于2021年12月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111586570.X、申请名称为“一种电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信领域，尤其涉及一种电子设备。
背景技术
随着第五代(fifthgeneration，5G)移动通信系统的发展，电子设备中的天线对于宽带的需求越来越迫切。
考虑工业设计(industrial design，ID)以及电子设备整体的结构等因素，传统电子设备的天线通常针对小尺寸和少开缝去设计，但这种需求与天线本身作为开放系统的特质存在矛盾，制约了天线的性能。而为了改善性能使其满足日益增多的通信频段的使用条件，通常选择增加例如开关、传感器件、电路、算法等一系列辅助手段，最终天线系统的复杂度明显增加，用户体验及成本面临挑战。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括多个辐射体，该多个辐射体之间形成缝隙，实现宽带天线，满足多个通信频段的需要。
第一方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括：馈电点、接地点和辐射体，所述辐射体包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第三辐射体；其中，所述第一辐射体的第一端与所述第二辐射体的第一端相对并形成第一缝隙；所述第一辐射体的第二端与所述第三辐射体的第一端相对并形成第二缝隙；所述第一辐射体上设置所述馈电点和所述接地点；所述接地点设置于所述第一辐射体的中心区域，或，所述接地点设置于所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体的中心区域；所述馈电点设置于所述中心区域和所述第一辐射体的第一端之间；所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体共同产生至少一个谐振。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，馈电点、接地点和辐射体作为电子设备的天线结构的一部分。通过将馈电点设置在偏离中心区域的位置，可以同时激励起天线结构的CM模式和DM模式。同时，通过调整天线结构的参数，使CM模式下的多阶谐振模式(例如，二分之一波长模式，二分之三波长模式等)产生的谐振频段和DM模式下的多阶谐振模式(例如，二分之一波长模式，二分之三波长模式等)产生的谐振频段相互靠近，通过多个谐振模式产生的临近的谐振频段拓展天线结构的带宽。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体的长度相同。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一缝隙和所述第二缝隙的宽度 相同。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，随着辐射体的对称性增加，天线结构的辐射特性(例如，带宽、增益等)随之增加。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体上未设置馈电点和接地点。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第二辐射体和第三辐射体上可以未设置馈电点和接地点，天线结构的结构更为简单，便于在电子设备内的布局。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体和第三辐射体共同产生第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振和第四谐振。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，馈电点馈入电信号时，第一辐射体、第二辐射体和第三辐射体共同产生第一谐振(CM模式下的二分之一波长模式)，第二谐振(DM模式下的二分之一波长模式)，第三谐振(CM模式下的二分之三波长模式)和第四谐振(DM模式下的二分之三波长模式)。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一谐振，所述第二谐振，所述第三谐振和所述第四谐振中任意相邻的两个谐振的谐振频段部分重叠。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，天线结构可以通过多个相互靠近的谐振频段拓展天线结构的工作带宽。相邻的谐振之间的谐振频段部分重叠可以理解为：例如，第一谐振的谐振频段和第二谐振的谐振频段为相邻或相近的谐振频段。在一个实施例中，谐振频段可以理解为S11<-4dB的谐振频率范围；谐振频段部分重叠，可以理解为S11<-4dB的两个谐振频率范围中存在部分频率重合。例如，第一谐振的谐振频段包括LTE中的B35(1.85-1.91GHz)，第二谐振的谐振频段包括LTE中的B39(1.88-1.92GHz)。第二谐振的频率低于第三谐振的频率，第二谐振的谐振频段和第三谐振的谐振频段部分重叠。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述辐射体还包括第四辐射体和第五辐射体；其中，所述第四辐射体的第一端与所述第二辐射体的第二端相对并形成第三缝隙；所述第五辐射体的第一端与所述第三辐射体的第二端相对并形成第四缝隙。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，利用第四辐射体与第二辐射体形成第三缝隙的以及第五辐射体与第三辐射体形成的第四缝隙，可以进一步增加天线结构产生的更高阶的谐振模式(将更高阶的谐振模式与原有的谐振模式相互靠近)，例如，CM模式和DM模式下的二分之五波长模式，进一步拓展天线结构的工作带宽。应理解，天线结构的辐射体可以包括多个辐射体，并不仅仅局限于本申请实施例所提供的三个辐射体或五个辐射体，可以根据实际的生产或设计需求进行调整，本申请对此并不做限制。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体、所述第三辐射体、所述第四辐射体和所述第五辐射体共同产生所述至少一个谐振。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体、所述第三辐射体、所述第四辐射体和所述第五辐射体共同产生第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振，第四谐振，第五谐振和第六谐振。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，馈电点馈入电信号时，第一辐射体、第二辐射体、第三辐射体、第四辐射体和第五辐射体共同产生第一谐振(CM模式下的二分之一波长模式)， 第二谐振(DM模式下的二分之一波长模式)，第三谐振(CM模式下的二分之三波长模式)，第四谐振(DM模式下的二分之三波长模式)，第五谐振(CM模式下的二分之五波长模式)和第六谐振(DM模式下的二分之五波长模式)。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一谐振，所述第二谐振，所述第三谐振，所述第四谐振，所述第五谐振和所述第六谐振中任意相邻的两个谐振的谐振频段部分重叠。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，天线结构可以通过多个相互靠近的谐振频段拓展天线结构的工作带宽。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述电子设备还包括边框，所述边框的一部分上依次具有第一位置，第二位置，第三位置和第四位置，其中，所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的边框作为所述第二辐射体，所述第二位置和所述第三位置之间的边框作为所述第一辐射体，所述第三位置和所述第四位置之间的边框作为所述第三辐射体；所述边框的第二位置处开设有所述第一缝隙；所述边框的第三位置处开设有所述第二缝隙。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，天线结构可以包括边框天线，可以利用多段边框作为天线结构的多个辐射体，例如第一辐射体、第二辐射体和第三辐射体，以形成第一缝隙和第二缝隙。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述电子设备还包括印刷电路板PCB；所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体与所述PCB之间设置有第一介质。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，天线结构的辐射体(例如，第一辐射体、第二辐射体和第三辐射体)与PCB之间可以设置有第一介质，例如，在一个实施例中，第一介质可以为FR-4，以增强天线结构的辐射部分的机械强度。并且，随着第一介质的介电常数的增加，在保持天线结构的辐射体电长度不变的情况下，辐射部分的长度(物理长度)可以进一步缩减，减少天线结构辐射体占用的体积。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述电子设备还包括印刷电路板PCB；其中，所述PCB包括层叠设置的第一介质板和第二介质板；所述第一辐射体设置于所述第一介质板和所述第二介质板之间；所述第二辐射体设置于所述第一介质板的上表面；所述第三辐射体设置于所述第二介质板的下表面；所述第一辐射体的第一端与所述第二辐射体的第一端在第一方向上的投影至少部分重合，并形成所述第一缝隙，所述第一方向为垂直于所述第一介质板或所述第二介质板所在平面的方向；所述第一辐射体的第二端与所述第三辐射体的第一端在所述第一方向上的投影至少部分重合，并形成所述第二缝隙。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，天线结构可以包括PCB天线，可以利用PCB中多个介质板的层叠结构形成第一缝隙和第二缝隙。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一缝隙或所述第二缝隙内设置有第二介质。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，可以通过以下方式改变第一缝隙或第二缝隙的电容值，从而控制第二辐射体和第三辐射体由第一辐射体耦合到的能量：(1)在第一缝隙和第二缝隙内设置有第二介质。(2)调整第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的宽度。(3)调整第一缝隙和第二缝隙两侧的辐射体的正对面积。或者，在一个实施例中，也可以在第一缝隙和第二缝隙内均设置有电容，电容的两端分别与缝隙两侧辐射体电连接，以实现对第一缝隙和第二缝隙的电容值的改变。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述电子设备还包括接地元件，所述接地元件的一端在所述接地点处与所述第一辐射体电连接，所述接地元件的另一端接地。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，所述接地元件可以作为天线结构的一部分。通过在接地点串联接地元件，接地点处的电特性发生变化，接地点处的电特性变化会引起CM模式的谐振频段的改变。但是对于DM模式来说，其在接地元件与第一辐射体的连接处并非电流零点，不受接地点处的电特性变化的干扰。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述接地元件为电容。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，接地元件可以是电容或电感中的至少一个，当接地元件为电容时，其电容值可以介于0.1pF至100pF之间，可以根据实际的生产或设计调整电容的电容值。或者，接地元件也可以是由多个电子元件组成的阻抗网络，本申请对此并不做限制。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述电子设备还包括匹配网络和馈电单元，所述匹配网络的一端在所述馈电点处与所述第一辐射体电连接，所述匹配网络的另一端与所述馈电单元电连接。
根据本申请实施例的技术方案，匹配网络和馈电单元可以作为天线结构的一部分。匹配网络可以用于将馈电单元中的电信号与天线结构的辐射部分的阻抗特性之间相互匹配，使电信号的传输损耗和失真减少到最小，以提升天线结构的辐射特性。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的示意图。
图2是本申请提供的一种线天线的共模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。
图3是本申请提供的一种线天线的差模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构100的结构示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构100的结构示意图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的又一种天线结构100的结构示意图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种天线结构100的结构示意图。
图8所示的天线结构为本申请实施例提供的天线结构101。
图9所示的天线结构作为对比的天线结构102。
图10是图8和图9所示天线结构产生的谐振的分布示意图。
图11是图8和图9所示的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。
图12是图8和图9所示的天线结构的辐射效率(radiation efficiency)和系统效率(total efficiency)的仿真结果图。
图13是本申请实施例提供的天线结构的电流分布示意图。
图14是本申请实施例提供的缝隙宽度不同的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。
图15是本申请实施例提供的接地元件的电参数不同的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构200的结构示意图。
图17是图16所示的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。
图18是图16所示的天线结构的辐射效率和系统效率的仿真结果图。
图19是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下，对本申请实施例可能出现的术语进行解释。
耦合：可理解为直接耦合和/或间接耦合，“耦合连接”可理解为直接耦合连接和/或间接耦合连接。直接耦合又可以称为“电连接”，理解为元器件物理接触并电导通；也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式；“间接耦合”可理解为两个导体通过隔空/不接触的方式电导通。在一个实施例中，间接耦合也可以称为电容耦合，例如通过两个导电件间隔的间隙之间的耦合形成等效电容来实现信号传输。
连接/相连：可以指一种机械连接关系或物理连接关系，例如，A与B连接或A与B相连可以指，A与B之间存在紧固的构件(如螺钉、螺栓、铆钉等)，或者A与B相互接触且A与B难以被分离。
接通：通过以上“电连接”或“间接耦合”的方式使得两个或两个以上的元器件之间导通或连通来进行信号/能量传输，都可称为接通。
相对/相对设置：A与B相对设置可以是指A与B面对面(opposite to,或是face to face)设置。
电容：可理解为集总电容和/或分布电容。集总电容指的是呈容性的元器件，例如电容元件；分布电容(或分布式电容)指的是两个导电件间隔一定间隙而形成的等效电容。
谐振/谐振频率：谐振频率又叫共振频率。谐振频率可以指天线输入阻抗虚部为零处的频率。谐振频率可以有一个频率范围，即，发生共振的频率范围。共振最强点对应的频率就是中心频率-点频率。中心频率的回波损耗特性可以小于-20dB。
谐振频段/通信频段/工作频段：无论何种类型的天线，总是在一定的频率范围(频段宽度)内工作。例如，支持B40频段的天线，其工作频段包括2300MHz～2400MHz范围内的频率，或者是说，该天线的工作频段包括B40频段。满足指标要求的频率范围可以看作天线的工作频段。
电长度：电长度可以是指，物理长度(即机械长度或几何长度)乘以电或电磁信号在媒介中的传输时间与这一信号在自由空间中通过跟媒介物理长度一样的距离时所需的时间的比来表示，电长度可以满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022140767-appb-000001
其中，L为物理长度，a为电或电磁信号在媒介中的传输时间，b为在自由空间中的中传输时间。
或者，电长度也可以是指物理长度(即机械长度或几何长度)与所传输电磁波的波长之比，电长度可以满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022140767-appb-000002
其中，L为物理长度，λ为电磁波的波长。
在本申请的一些实施例中，辐射体的物理长度，可以理解为辐射体的电长度±10％。
本申请的实施例中，天线的某种波长模式(如二分之一波长模式等)中的波长可以是指该天线辐射的信号的波长。例如，悬浮金属天线的二分之一波长模式可产生1.575GHz频段的谐振，其中二分之一波长模式中的波长是指天线辐射1.575GHz频段的信号的波长。 应理解的是，辐射信号在空气中的波长可以如下计算：波长＝光速/频率，其中频率为辐射信号的频率。辐射信号在介质中的波长可以如下计算：
Figure PCTCN2022140767-appb-000003
其中，ε为该介质的相对介电常数，频率为辐射信号的频率。以上实施例中的缝隙、槽中可以填充绝缘介质。
波长：或者工作波长，可以是谐振频率的中心频率对应的波长或者天线所支持的工作频段的中心频率。例如，假设B1上行频段(谐振频率为1920MHz至1980MHz)的中心频率为1955MHz，那工作波长可以为利用1955MHz这个频率计算出来的波长。不限于中心频率，“工作波长”也可以是指谐振频率或工作频段的非中心频率对应的波长。
本申请实施例中提及的中间或中间位置等这类关于位置、距离的限定，均是针对当前工艺水平而言的，而不是数学意义上绝对严格的定义。例如，导体的中间(位置)可以是指导体上包括中点的一段导体部分，可以是包括该导体中点的一段八分之一波长的导体部分，其中，波长可以是天线的工作频段对应的波长，可以是工作频段的中心频率对应的波长，或者，谐振点对应的波长。又例如，导体的中间(位置)可以是指导体上距离中点小于预定阈值(例如，1mm，2mm，或2.5mm)的一段导体部分。
本申请实施例中提及的共线、共轴、共面、对称(例如，轴对称、或中心对称等)、平行、垂直、相同(例如，长度相同、宽度相同等等)等这类限定，均是针对当前工艺水平而言的，而不是数学意义上绝对严格的定义。共线的两个辐射枝节或者两个天线单元的边缘之间在线宽方向上可以存在小于预定阈值(例如1mm，0.5m，或0.1mm)的偏差。共面的两个辐射枝节或者两个天线单元的边缘之间在垂直于其共面平面的方向上可以存在小于预定阈值(例如1mm，0.5m，或0.1mm)的偏差。相互平行的两个天线单元之间可以存在预定角度(例如±5°，±10°)的偏差。只要在上述偏差范围内，都可以被认为属于共线或者平行。
本申请实施例中提及的电流同向/反向分布，应理解为在同一侧的导体上主要电流的方向为同向/反向的。例如，在呈环状的导体上激励同向分布电流(例如，电流路径也是环状的)时，应可理解，环状导体中两侧的导体上(例如围绕一缝隙的导体，在该缝隙两侧的导体上)激励的主要电流虽然从方向上看为反向的，其仍然属于本申请中对于同向分布电流的定义。天线系统效率(total efficiency)：指在天线的端口处输入功率与输出功率的比值。
天线辐射效率(radiation efficiency)：指天线向空间辐射出去的功率(即有效地转换电磁波部分的功率)和输入到天线的有功功率之比。其中，输入到天线的有功功率＝天线的输入功率-损耗功率；损耗功率主要包括回波损耗功率和金属的欧姆损耗功率和/或介质损耗功率。辐射效率是衡量天线辐射能力的值，金属损耗、介质损耗均是辐射效率的影响因素。
本领域技术人员可以理解，效率一般是用百分比来表示，其与dB之间存在相应的换算关系，效率越接近0dB，表征该天线的效率越优。
天线回波损耗：可以理解为经过天线电路反射回天线端口的信号功率与天线端口发射功率的比值。反射回来的信号越小，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越大，天线的辐射效率越大。反射回来的信号越大，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越小，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线回波损耗可以用S11参数来表示，S11属于S参数中的一种。S11表示反射系数， 此参数能够表征天线发射效率的优劣。S11参数通常为负数，S11参数越小，表示天线回波损耗越小，天线本身反射回来的能量越小，也就是代表实际上进入天线的能量就越多，天线的系统效率越高；S11参数越大，表示天线回波损耗越大，天线的系统效率越低。
需要说明的是，工程上一般以S11值为-4dB作为标准，当天线的S11值小于-4dB时，可以认为该天线可正常工作，或可认为该天线的发射效率较好。
电磁波吸收比值(specific absorption rate，SAR)：是计量多少无线电频率辐射能量被身体所实际吸收的表示单位，称作特殊吸收比率，以瓦特/每千克(W/kg)或毫瓦/每克(mW/g)来表示。SAR的准确定义是：给定的物质密度(ρ—人体组织密度)下的单位体积单元(dv)单位物质(dm)吸收的单位能量(dw)相对于时之间取导数。
地(地板)：可泛指电子设备(比如手机)内任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层等的至少一部分，或者上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地部件等的任意组合的至少一部分，“地”可用于电子设备内元器件的接地。一个实施例中，“地”可以是电子设备的电路板的接地层，也可以是电子设备中框形成的接地板或屏幕下方的金属薄膜形成的接地金属层。一个实施例中，电路板可以是印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)，例如具有8、10、12、13或14层导电材料的8层、10层或12至14层板，或者通过诸如玻璃纤维、聚合物等之类的介电层或绝缘层隔开和电绝缘的元件。一个实施例中，电路板包括介质基板、接地层和走线层，走线层和接地层通过过孔进行电连接。一个实施例中，诸如显示器、触摸屏、输入按钮、发射器、处理器、存储器、电池、充电电路、片上系统(system on chip，SoC)结构等部件可以安装在电路板上或连接到电路板；或者电连接到电路板中的走线层和/或接地层。例如，射频源设置于走线层。
上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层由导电材料制得。一个实施例中，该导电材料可以采用以下材料中的任一者：铜、铝、不锈钢、黄铜和它们的合金、绝缘基片上的铜箔、绝缘基片上的铝箔、绝缘基片上的金箔、镀银的铜、绝缘基片上的镀银铜箔、绝缘基片上的银箔和镀锡的铜、浸渍石墨粉的布、涂覆石墨的基片、镀铜的基片、镀黄铜的基片和镀铝的基片。本领域技术人员可以理解，接地层/接地板/接地金属层也可由其它导电材料制得。
本申请的实施例提供的技术方案适用于采用以下一种或多种通信技术的电子设备：蓝牙(blue-tooth，BT)通信技术、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)通信技术、无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)通信技术、全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)通信技术、宽频码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)通信技术、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信技术、5G通信技术以及未来其他通信技术等。本申请实施例中的电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、智能家居、智能手环、智能手表、智能头盔、智能眼镜等。电子设备还可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助手(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备，5G网络中的电子设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的电子设备等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。图1示例性示出了本申请实施例提供的电子设备，以电子设备为手机进行说明。
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例的技术方案进行描述。
如图1所示，电子设备10可以包括：盖板(cover)13、显示屏/模组(display)15、印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)17、中框(middle frame)19和后盖(rear cover)21。应理解，在一些实施例中，盖板13可以是玻璃盖板(cover glass)，也可以被替换为其他材料的盖板，例如超薄玻璃材料盖板，PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)材料盖板等。
其中，盖板13可以紧贴显示模组15设置，可主要用于对显示模组15起到保护、防尘作用。
在一个实施例中，显示模组15可以包括液晶显示面板(liquid crystal display，LCD)，发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)显示面板或者有机发光半导体(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)显示面板等，本申请对此并不做限制。
中框19主要起整机的支撑作用。图1中示出PCB17设于中框19与后盖21之间，应可理解，在一个实施例中，PCB17也可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请对此并不做限制。其中，印刷电路板PCB17可以采用耐燃材料(FR-4)介质板，也可以采用罗杰斯(Rogers)介质板，也可以采用Rogers和FR-4的混合介质板，等等。这里，FR-4是一种耐燃材料等级的代号，Rogers介质板是一种高频板。PCB17上承载电子元件，例如，射频芯片等。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17上可以设置一金属层。该金属层可用于印刷电路板PCB17上承载的电子元件接地，也可用于其他元件接地，例如支架天线、边框天线等，该金属层可以称为地板，或接地板，或接地层。在一个实施例中，该金属层可以通过在PCB17中的任意一层介质板的表面蚀刻金属形成。在一个实施例中，用于接地的该金属层可以设置在印刷电路板PCB17上靠近中框19的一侧。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17的边缘可以看作其接地层的边缘。可以在一个实施例中，金属中框19也可用于上述元件的接地。电子设备10还可以具有其他地板/接地板/接地层，如前所述，此处不再赘述。
其中，电子设备10还可以包括电池(图中未示出)。电池可以设置于设于中框19与后盖21之间，或者可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请对此并不做限制。在一些实施例中，PCB17分为主板和子板，电池可以设于所述主板和所述子板之间，其中，主板可以设置于中框19和电池的上边沿之间，子板可以设置于中框19和电池的下边沿之间。
电子设备10还可以包括边框11，边框11可以由金属等导电材料形成。边框11可以设于显示模组15和后盖21之间并绕电子设备10的外围周向延伸。边框11可以具有包围显示模组15的四个侧边，帮助固定显示模组15。在一种实现方式中，金属材料制成的边框11可以直接用作电子设备10的金属边框，形成金属边框的外观，适用于金属工业设计(industrial design，ID)。在另一种实现方式中，边框11的外表面还可以为非金属材料，例如塑料边框，形成非金属边框的外观，适用于非金属ID。
中框19可以包括边框11，包括边框11的中框19作为一体件，可以对整机中的电子器件起支撑作用。盖板13、后盖21分别沿边框的上下边沿盖合从而形成电子设备的外壳或壳体(housing)。在一个实施例中，盖板13、后盖21、边框11和/或中框19，可以统称为电子设备10的外壳或壳体。应可理解，“外壳或壳体”可以用于指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任一个的部分或全部，或者指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任意组合的部分或全部。
或者，可以不将边框11看做中框19的一部分。在一个实施例中，边框11可以和中 框19连接并一体成型。在另一实施例中，边框11可以包括向内延伸的突出件，以与中框19相连，例如，通过弹片、螺丝、焊接等方式相连。边框11的突出件还可以用来接收馈电信号，使得边框11的至少一部分作为天线的辐射体收/发射频信号。作为辐射体的这一部分边框，与中框30之间可以存在间隙42，从而保证天线辐射体具有良好的辐射环境，使得天线具有良好的信号传输功能。
其中，后盖21可以是金属材料制成的后盖，也可以是非导电材料制成的后盖，如玻璃后盖、塑料后盖等非金属后盖。
图1仅示意性的示出了电子设备10包括的一些部件，这些部件的实际形状、实际大小和实际构造不受图1限定。
应理解，在本申请的实施例中，可以认为电子设备的显示屏所在的面为正面，后盖所在的面为背面，边框所在的面为侧面。
应理解，在本申请的实施例中，认为用户握持(通常是竖向并面对屏幕握持)电子设备时，电子设备所在的方位具有顶部、底部、左侧部和右侧部。
首先，由图2和图3来介绍本申请实施例中涉及的四个天线模式。其中，图2是本申请实施例提供的一种线天线的共模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。图3是本申请实施例提供的另一种线天线的差模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。
1、线天线的共模(common mode，CM)模式
图2中的(a)示出线天线40的辐射体通过馈电线42连接到地(例如地板，可以是PCB)。线天线40在中间位置41处连接馈电单元(图未示)，并采用对称馈电(symmetrical feed)。馈电单元可以通过馈电线42连接在线天线40的中间位置41。应理解，对称馈电可以理解为馈电单元一端连接辐射体，另外一端接地，其中，馈电单元与辐射体连接点(馈电点)位于辐射体中心，辐射体中心，例如可以是集合结构的中点，或者，电长度的中点(或上述中点附近一定范围内的区域)。
线天线40的中间位置41，例如中间位置41可以是线天线的几何中心，或者，辐射体的电长度的中点，例如馈电线42与线天线40连接处覆盖中间位置41。
图2中的(b)示出了线天线40的电流、电场分布。如图2中的(b)所示，电流在中间位置41两侧呈现对称分布，例如反向分布；电场在中间位置41两侧，呈现同向分布。如图2中的(b)所示，馈电线42处的电流呈现同向分布。基于馈电线42处的电流同向分布，图2中的(a)所示的这种馈电可称为线天线的CM馈电。基于电流在辐射体与馈电线42连接处的两侧呈现对称分布，图2中的(b)所示的这种线天线模式，可以称为线天线的CM模式(也可简称为CM线天线)。图2中的(b)所示的电流、电场可分别称为线天线的CM模式的电流、电场。
线天线的CM模式的电流、电场是线天线40在中间位置41两侧的两个枝节(例如，两个水平枝节)作为工作在四分之一波长模式的天线产生的。电流在线天线40的中间位置41处强，在线天线40的两端弱。电场在线天线40的中间位置41处弱，在线天线40的两端强。
2、线天线的差模(differential mode，DM)模式
如图3中的(a)示出线天线50的两个辐射体通过馈电线52连接到地(例如地板，可以是PCB)。线天线50在两个辐射体之间的中间位置51处连接馈电单元，并采用反对称馈电(anti-symmetrical feed)。馈电单元的一端通过馈电线52与其中一个辐射体连接， 馈电单元的另一端通过馈电线52与其中另一个辐射体连接。中间位置51可以是线天线的几何中心，或者，辐射体之间形成的缝隙。
应理解，反对称馈电可以理解为，馈电单元的正负两极分别连接在辐射体的两端。馈电单元的正负极输出的信号幅度相同，相位相反，例如相位相差180°±10°。
图3中的(b)示出了线天线50的电流、电场分布。如图3中的(b)所示，电流在线天线50的中间位置51两侧呈现非对称分布，例如同向分布；电场在中间位置51两侧呈反向分布。如图3中的(b)所示，馈电线52处的电流呈现反向分布。基于馈电线52处的电流反向分布，图3中的(a)所示的这种馈电可称为线天线DM馈电。基于电流在辐射体与馈电线52连接处的两侧呈现非对称分布(例如，同向分布)，图3中的(b)所示的这种线天线模式可以称为线天线的DM模式(也可简称为DM线天线)。图3中的(b)所示的电流、电场可分别称为线天线的DM模式的电流、电场。
线天线的DM模式的电流、电场是整个线天线50作为工作在二分之一波长模式的天线产生的。电流在线天线50的中间位置51处强，在线天线50的两端弱。电场在线天线50的中间位置51处弱，在线天线50的两端强。
应理解，对于线天线的辐射体，可以理解为产生辐射的金属结构件，其数量可以是一件，如图2所示，或者，也可以是两件，如图3所示，可以根据实际的设计或生产需要进行调整。例如，对于线天线的CM模式，也可以如图3所示采用两个辐射体，两个辐射体的两端相对设置并间隔一缝隙，在相互靠近的两端采用对称馈电的方式，例如在两个辐射体相互靠近的两端分别馈入同一馈源信号，也可以获得与图2所示天线结构类似的效果。相应的，对于线天线的DM模式，也可以如图2所示采用一个辐射体，在辐射体的中间位置设置两个馈电点并采用反对称馈电的方式，例如在该辐射体上对称的两个馈电点如分别馈入幅度相同、相位相反的信号，也可以获得与图3所示天线结构类似的效果。
在传统的CM模式和DM模式的天线设计，天线的二分之一波长模式(一阶模式)、一倍波长模式(二阶模式)、二分之三波长模式(三阶模式)的谐振频率具有倍频关系。例如，二分之一波长模式对应的谐振频率在1GHz附近，则一倍波长模式和二分之三波长模式(三阶模式)的谐振频率分别在2GHz以及3GHz附近。因此，在天线产生的单个谐振对应的带宽较窄。同时，在天线的DM模式中，其谐振频段内会产生效率凹坑，影响天线的性能。
本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括多个辐射体。在一个实施例，多个辐射体作为电子设备的天线结构的至少一部分。利用多个辐射体之间形成的缝隙，调整天线结构产生的多阶的CM模式的谐振频段的频率和多阶的DM模式的谐振频段的频率，使多阶的CM模式的谐振频段的频率和多阶的DM模式的谐振频段相互靠近，从而实现宽带天线，满足多个通信频段的需要。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构100的结构示意图。
如图4所示，天线结构100可以包括第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130，第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130作为天线结构100的辐射体。
其中，第一辐射体110可以设置于第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130之间。第一辐射体110的第一端111与第二辐射体120的第一端121相对且互不接触，第一辐射体110的第一端111与第二辐射体120的第一端121之间形成第一缝隙140。第一辐射体110的第二端112与第三辐射体130的第一端131相对且互不接触，第一辐射体110的第二端112 与第三辐射体130的第一端131之间形成第二缝隙150。第一辐射体110设置有馈电点113和接地点114。接地点114设置于中心区域115。接地点114用于与地板170电连接，为天线结构100进行接地。馈电点113设置于中心区域115和第一辐射体110的第一端111之间。在一个实施例中，电子设备还包括馈电单元160。馈电点113用于与馈电单元160电连接，为辐射体进行馈电。在一个实施例中，馈电单元可以作为天线结构100的一部分。馈电点馈入电信号时，第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130共同产生至少一个谐振。
在本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，通过将馈电点113设置在偏离中心区域115的位置，可以同时激励起天线结构100的CM模式和DM模式。同时，通过调整天线结构的参数，使CM模式下的多阶谐振模式(例如，二分之一波长模式，二分之三波长模式等)产生的谐振频段和DM模式下的多阶谐振模式(例如，二分之一波长模式，二分之三波长模式等)产生的谐振频段相互靠近，通过多个谐振模式产生的临近的谐振频段拓展天线结构100的带宽。
本申请实施例中提到的“中心区域”可以理解为辐射体的中心区域，距离天线结构的所有辐射体的中点一定距离所形成的区域。例如，以图4所示的天线结构为例，辐射体包括第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130。辐射体的中点可以是辐射体的几何中心(中点两侧的辐射体的长度相同，即中点两侧的第一辐射体110的长度分别与第二辐射体120的长度和第三辐射体130的长度之和相同)。或者，辐射体的中点也可以是辐射体的电长度中点(中点两侧的辐射体的电长度相同，即中点两侧的第一辐射体110的电长度分别与第二辐射体120的电长度和第三辐射体130的电长度之和相同)。例如，当第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130的长度均为第一长度时，其中心区域115可以是距离辐射体的中点在第一长度的八分之一范围内的区域。
或者，本申请实施例中提到的“中心区域”可以理解为第一辐射体110中心区域，距离第一辐射体110的中点一定距离所形成的区域。例如，以图4所示的天线结构为例，第一辐射体110的中点可以是几何中心(中点两侧的第一辐射体110的长度相同)。或者，第一辐射体110的中点也可以是第一辐射体110的电长度中点(中点两侧的第一辐射体110的电长度相同)。
同时，根据本申请实施例的技术方案，第一辐射体110的第一端111并不能狭义的理解为一定是一个点，还可以认为是第一辐射体110上包括端点(第一辐射体110的端点可以是第一辐射体110的边缘上的任一点)的一段辐射体，例如，可以认为第一端111是距离端点第一波长的八分之一以内的辐射体，或者，也可以认为是距离端点5mm以内的辐射体。第一辐射体110的第二端112、第二辐射体120的第一端121与第三辐射体130的第一端131也可以相应理解。
在一个实施例中，第二辐射体和第三辐射体上可以未设置馈电点和接地点，天线结构100的结构更为简单，便于在电子设备内的布局。
在一个实施例中，馈电点馈入电信号时，第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130共同产生第一谐振(CM模式下的二分之一波长模式)，第二谐振(DM模式下的二分之一波长模式)，第三谐振(CM模式下的二分之三波长模式)和第四谐振(DM模式下的二分之三波长模式)。
在一个实施例中，第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振和第四谐振中任意相邻的两个谐振 的谐振频段部分重叠，以拓展天线结构100的工作带宽。其中，相邻的谐振之间的谐振频段部分重叠可以理解为：例如，第一谐振的谐振频段和第二谐振的谐振频段为相邻或相近的谐振频段。在一个实施例中，谐振频段可以理解为S11<-4dB的谐振频率范围；谐振频段部分重叠，可以理解为S11<-4dB的两个谐振频率范围中存在部分频率重合。例如，第一谐振的谐振频段包括LTE中的B35(1.85-1.91GHz)，第二谐振的谐振频段包括LTE中的B39(1.88-1.92GHz)。第二谐振的频率低于第三谐振的频率，第二谐振的谐振频段和第三谐振的谐振频段部分重叠。在一个实施例中，第一辐射体110的第一端111与第二辐射体120的第一端121之间形成第一缝隙140可以理解为第一辐射体110与第二辐射体120设置在同一平面内(例如，共面)，第一辐射体110的第一端111的端部与第二辐射体120的第一端121的端部相对，形成第一缝隙140。
例如，在一个实施例中，天线结构100可以包括边框天线，如图5所示。电子设备的边框11的一部分上依次具有第一位置101，第二位置102，第三位置103和第四位置104。第一位置101和第二位置102之间的边框11作为第二辐射体120，第二位置102和第三位置103之间的边框11作为第一辐射体110，第三位置103和第四位置104之间的边框11作为第三辐射体130。边框11的第二位置102处开设有第一缝隙140，即第一辐射体110的第一端111的端面与第二辐射体120的第一端121的端面之间形成第一缝隙140。边框11的第三位置103处开设有第二缝隙150，即第一辐射体110的第二端112的端面与第三辐射体130的第一端131的端面之间形成第二缝隙150。
在一个实施例中，地板170可以是PCB中的金属层。天线结构100的辐射体/辐射部分(例如，第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130)与PCB之间可以设置有第一介质，例如，在一个实施例中，第一介质可以为前文中所提到的FR-4，以增强天线结构100的辐射部分的机械强度。并且，随着第一介质的介电常数的增加，在保持天线结构100的辐射部分(第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130)的电长度不变的情况下，辐射部分的长度可以进一步缩减，减少天线结构100的辐射部分占用的体积。
或者，在一个实施例中，天线结构100可以包括PCB天线，如图6所示。电子设备的PCB17包括层叠设置的第一介质板171和第二介质板172。第一辐射体110设置于第一介质板171和第二介质板172之间，第二辐射体120设置于第一介质板171的上表面，第三辐射体130设置于第二介质板172的下表面。第一辐射体110的第一端111与第二辐射体120的第一端121在第一方向上的投影至少部分重合，并在第一方向上形成第一缝隙140。第一辐射体110的第二端112与第三辐射体130的第一端131在第一方向上的投影至少部分重合，并在第一方向上形成所述第二缝隙150。其中，第一方向为垂直于第一辐射体所在平面的方向。
应理解，本申请实施例中的“上表面”以及“下表面”仅作为举例使用，“上”和“下”仅作为空间中的相对概念，并不限制在实际应用中的具体方位。同时，PCB还可以包括层叠设置的其他介质板，例如，PCB包括依次层叠设置的第一介质板，第二介质板和第三介质板。第二辐射体可以设置于第一介质板和第二介质板之间，第一辐射体设置于第二介质板和第三介质板之间，第三辐射体设置于第三介质板的下表面。或者，也可以实际的生产或设计需要进行调整，本申请对此并不限制。
在一个实施例中，天线结构100也可以包括其他种类的天线，例如，光学不可见显示天线(antenna on display，AOD)，支架天线，激光直接成型技术(laser-direct-structuring， LDS)天线、柔性电路板(flexible printed circuit，FPC)天线或浮动金属(floating metal，FLM)天线，本申请并不限制天线结构的类型，为了论述的简单，就不再一一赘述。
并且，由于电子设备内部的空间日益紧张，第一辐射体110、第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130可以并不一定会沿直线(例如，共线)设置，也有可能随着电子设备的内部空间进行弯折。例如，当天线结构100包括边框天线的情况下，第一辐射体110可以随着边框的弯折进行设置，如图7所示。或者，第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130也可以弯折设置，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130的长度可以相同。并且，在一个实施例中，第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的宽度可以相同。在这种情况下第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130沿第一辐射体110的虚拟轴线(虚拟轴线两侧的第一辐射体110的长度相同)。随着天线结构100的辐射部分的对称性增加，天线结构100的辐射特性(例如，带宽、增益等)随之增加。在一个实施例中，在实际的应用中，由于加工的误差，或者，电子设备内部的布局，第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130的长度相差在10％以内，可以理解为第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130的长度相同，第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的宽度相差在10％以内，可以理解为第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的宽度相同。
在一个实施例中，通过调整第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的参数，可以调整第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130由第一辐射体110耦合到的能量，从而控制天线结构100的辐射体特性。由第一辐射体110的第一端111和第二辐射体120的第一端121形成的第一缝隙140和第一辐射体110的第二端112和第三辐射体130的第一端131形成的第二缝隙150可以等效为电容，电容值的计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022140767-appb-000004
其中，ε为电容的两极板(缝隙两侧的辐射体)之间介质的介电常数；δ为真空中的绝对介电常数；k为静电力常量；S为两极板正对面积，为本申请实施例中的缝隙两侧的边辐射体的正对面积；d为两极板间垂直距离，为本申请实施例中的第一缝隙或第二缝隙的宽度。
在一个实施例中，由上述公式可知，可以通过以下方式改变第一缝隙或第二缝隙的电容值，从而控制第二辐射体120和第三辐射体130由第一辐射体110耦合到的能量：(1)在第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150内设置有第二介质。(2)调整第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的宽度。(3)调整第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150两侧的辐射体的正对面积。
或者，在一个实施例中，也可以在第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150内均设置有电容，电容的两端分别与缝隙两侧辐射体电连接，以实现对第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的电容值的改变。
应理解，第一缝隙140和第二缝隙150的电容值与天线结构的工作频段的频率相关，可以根据实际的设计或生产需求进行调整，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，电子设备还可以包括接地元件173。在一个实施例中，接地点114和地板170之间可以设置有接地元件173，如图4所示。在一个实施例中，接地元件173可以作为天线结构100的一部分。接地元件173的一端在接地点114处与第一辐射体110电连接，接地元件173的另一端与地板170电连接。接地元件173可以用于调整天线结构100的辐射特性，例如，天线结构100产生的谐振点的频率。在一个实施例中，接地元件 173可以是电容或电感中的至少一个，例如，接地元件173可以是电容，电容值可以介于0.1pF至100pF之间，例如，1pF到50pF之间，可以根据实际的生产或设计调整电容的电容值。或者，接地元件173也可以是由多个电子元件组成的阻抗网络，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，电子设备还包括匹配网络174。在一个实施例中，馈电点113和馈电单元160之间可以设置该匹配网络174，如图4所示。在一个实施例中，匹配网络174可以作为天线结构100的一部分。馈电单元160的一端在馈电点113处与第一辐射体110电连接，馈电单元160的另一端与馈电单元160电连接。匹配网络174可以用于将馈电单元160中的电信号与天线结构100的辐射部分的阻抗特性之间相互匹配，使电信号的传输损耗和失真减少到最小，以提升天线结构100的辐射特性。在一个实施例中，匹配网络174可以包括电容、电感或电阻中的至少一个，例如，可以先并联电容再串联电容的形式，本申请并不限制匹配网络174的具体形式。
在一个实施例中，天线结构100的工作频段可以包括5G频段中的小于6GHz(sub6G)的频段，例如，N77(3.3GHz–4.2GHz)频段或N79(4.4GHz–5.0GHz)频段等。
图8和图9是本申请实施例提供的一组天线结构。其中，图8所示的天线结构为本申请实施例提供的天线结构101。图9所示的天线结构作为对比的天线结构102。
如图8和图9所示，对于天线结构101和天线结构102来说，天线结构101和天线结构102的辐射部分均采用铜作为导体材料，导电率为5.8×10 7。天线结构101和天线结构102在结构上的区别仅在于天线结构101的辐射部分开设有缝隙，将辐射部分分为第一辐射体、第二辐射体和第三辐射体。同时，在天线结构101中，第二辐射体和第三辐射体通过第一缝隙和第二缝隙由第一辐射体耦合能量，因此，在此实施例中，以第一缝隙和第二缝隙两侧的辐射体的正对面积为3mm 2。
作为举例，图8所示的天线结构101在下述的仿真图中的参数如下表1所示：
表1
L1 L2 L3 g1 g2
17.5mm 18.4mm 17.5mm 0.8mm 0.8mm
D1 D2 W1 W2 L4
2mm 3.3mm 1mm 75mm 155mm
C1 C2 C3 介电常数 损耗角正切
15pF 0.3pF 1.5pF 4.43 0.005
其中，L1为第二辐射体的长度，L2为第一辐射体的长度，L3为第三辐射体的长度，g1为第一缝隙的宽度，g2为第二缝隙的宽度，D1为天线结构的辐射体与地板(ground，GND)之间的距离，D2为接地点与馈电点之间的距离，W1为天线结构的辐射体的宽度，W2为地板的宽度，L4为地板的长度。C1为接地点和地板之间串联的接地元件的电容值，C2和C3为馈电单元和馈电点之间串联的匹配网络中的电容值。应理解，C1、C2和C3为调整天线结构101的辐射特性设置的接地元件和匹配网络的一种情况。天线结构102中的接地元件和匹配网络也可以对应进行调整，使天线结构101和天线结构102的谐振频段 相近，便于进行对比。介电常数和损耗角正切为辐射部分和地板之间设置的介质的参数。
应理解，上述天线结构101的参数仅作为举例使用，本申请并不限制天线结构的具体参数，可以根据实际的设计或生产需要进行调整。
图10是图8和图9所示天线结构产生的谐振的分布示意图。
如图10中的(a)所示，为图9所示的天线结构102产生的谐振在频谱上的示意图。天线结构102在CM模式和DM模式下的二分之一波长模式(一阶模式)和二分之三波长模式(三阶模式)的谐振频率具有倍频关系，一阶模式产生的谐振频段和三阶模式产生的谐振频段相距较远。
如图10中的(b)所示，为图8所示的天线结构101产生的谐振在频谱上的示意图。天线结构101通过在辐射体之间形成的缝隙使CM模式和DM模式下的二分之一波长模式(一阶模式)和二分之三波长模式(三阶模式)的谐振频率相互靠近，不再具有倍频关系，从而实现宽带天线，满足多个通信频段的需要。
图11和图12是图8和图9所示天线结构的仿真图。其中，图11是图8和图9所示的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。图12是图8和图9所示的天线结构的辐射效率(radiation efficiency)和系统效率(total efficiency)的仿真结果图。
应理解，在图10所示的天线结构产生的频谱示意图中，天线结构101和天线结构102在相同的参数(例如，辐射体长度，匹配或接地元件等)的情况下产生的谐振在频谱上的示意图。在图11和图12所示的仿真图中，为方便对天线结构的性能进行对比，可以通过调整天线结构101和天线结构102的参数，使天线结构101的低阶模式的谐振频段和天线结构102的谐振频段相同。
如图11所示，图8所示的天线结构和图9所示的天线结构的谐振的起始位置相同，约在2.6GHz附近。
图9所示的天线结构由于二分之一波长模式(一阶模式)和二分之三波长模式(三阶模式)的谐振频率具有倍频关系，因此在2GHz-6GHz产生2个谐振，可以对应于CM模式和DM模式的二分之一波长模式。
而图8所示的天线结构通过调整天线结构的参数，使多阶谐振模式(例如，二分之一波长模式，二分之三波长模式等)产生的谐振频段相互靠近，因此在2GHz-6GH可以产生4个谐振(第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振和第四谐振)，可以分别对应于CM模式和DM模式的二分之一波长模式以及CM模式和DM模式下的二分之三波长模式，利用多个谐振频段拓展天线结构的工作带宽。
以S11＜-4dB作为界限，图8所示的天线结构通过高频多出的两种谐振模式(CM模式和DM模式下的二分之三波长模式)，且第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振和第四谐振任意相邻的两个谐振的谐振频段部分重叠，使其工作带宽相较于图9所示的天线结构的工作带宽多一倍，可以满足更多的通信频段需求。
如图12所示，图8所示的天线结构和图9所示的天线结构的辐射效率接近。但对于系统效率，图9所示的天线结构在3.1GHz以上的频率快速下落，出现效率凹坑。图8所示的天线结构通过引入高频的两种谐振模式(CM模式和DM模式下的二分之三波长模式)，使3.1GHz-4.5GHz的系统效率的平坦度增加。
以系统效率＞-3dB作为界限，图8所示的天线结构的系统效率的带宽相较于图9所示的天线结构的系统效率的带宽多一倍，可以满足更多的通信频段需求。
图13是本申请实施例提供的天线结构的电流分布示意图。
如图13中的(a)所示，为图8所示的天线结构在CM模式下的二分之一波长模式对应的电流分布图，其电流零点位于接地点，电流沿接地点对称分布。
如图13中的(b)所示，为图8所示的天线结构在CM模式下的二分之三波长模式对应的电流分布图，其电流零点分别位于接地点以及接地点两侧，电流沿接地点对称分布。
对于图13(a)所示的电流分布来说，由于第一辐射体和第二辐射体之间设置有第一缝隙以及第一辐射体和第三辐射体之间设置有第二缝隙，辐射部分上的电流通过辐射体之间的缝隙耦合传输，相较于电流未通过缝隙耦合而全部在辐射体传输的情况来说，电流的传输路径缩短，对应的电长度缩短，使谐振频段的频率向高频移动，靠近二分之三波长模式产生的谐振频段。同时，由于电流通过辐射体之间的缝隙耦合传输，二分之三波长模式产生的谐振也会受到缝隙的影响，但高阶模式(二分之三波长模式)相较于低阶模式(二分之一波长模式)受到影响较小，普遍规律是低阶模式产生的谐振频段比高阶模式产生的谐振频段的频率移动范围更大。
同时，理论上，缝隙设置的位置越靠近天线结构的谐振模式下的电流强点，会使电流强点的电流分散，因此，对该谐振模式的影响越大。同样的，缝隙设置的位置越靠近谐振模式电流零点，对电流的分布影响小，因此，对该谐振模式的影响越小。
应理解，对于天线结构的辐射部分而言，其本身具有多个可以被激励的模式，例如，(N-1/2)波长模式和N倍波长模式，N为正整数，只要其输入阻抗和激励的源的阻抗保持一致，其对应的模式就可以被激励。在本申请实施例中，均以天线结构产生(N-1/2)波长模式进行说明，例如，二分之一波长模式，二分之三波长模式等。这是由于对于(N-1/2)波长模式和N倍波长模式来说，两者的边界条件不同。如图13所示，对于CM模式下的(N-1/2)波长模式来说，天线结构的辐射部分的接地点为电流零点，而N倍波长模式的电流零点并不位于该位置。因此，在一个实施例中，可以通过改变天线结构的边界条件激励起天线结构的N倍波长模式，例如，可以在接地点和地板之间串联由滤波器，使天线结构工作在(N-1/2)波长模式下，呈带通特性，即滤波器导通，天线结构工作在N倍波长模式下，呈带阻特性，即滤波器不导通，则可以同时激励上述的N倍波长模式和(N-1/2)波长模式。在一个实施例中，滤波器可以是声表面波滤波器(surface acoustic wave，SAW)，体声波滤波器(bulk acoustic wave，BAW)或者薄膜腔声谐振滤波器(film bulk acoustic resonator，FBAR)。滤波器也可以是其他形式的滤波器，本申请对比并不做限制。
图14是本申请实施例提供的缝隙宽度不同的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。
应理解，在该实施例提供的仿真结果图中以第一缝隙的宽度和第二缝隙的宽度相同进行举例。在实际的应用中，第一缝隙的宽度和第二缝隙的宽度可以不同，本申请对此并不做限制。
如图14所示，随着第一辐射体两侧的第一缝隙和第二缝隙的宽度由0.6mm逐渐增加到1.0mm的过程中，二分之一波长模式(CM模式和DM模式)产生的谐振频段的频率不断向高频移动，逐渐靠近二分之三波长模式(CM模式和DM模式)产生的谐振频段。
而在图14所示的仿真结果中，二分之三波长模式(CM模式和DM模式)产生的谐振频段的频率则基本不变。通过调整第一缝隙和第二缝隙的宽度，可以使二分之一波长模式产生的谐振频段与二分之三波长模式产生的谐振频段的频率间隔能够被有效调控，来形成所需要的天线结构的工作带宽。
应理解，在该实施例中通过调整第一缝隙和第二缝隙的宽度，改变了第一缝隙和第二缝隙等效的电容的电容值，从而控制辐射体之间的耦合，进而实现二分之一波长模式产生的谐振频段与二分之三波长模式产生的谐振频段的频率间隔能够被有效调控。在实际的应用中，也可以通过在第一缝隙和第二缝隙内设置第二介质、调整第一缝隙和第二缝隙两侧的辐射体的正对面积或者在第一缝隙和第二缝隙内均设置有电容的方式实现第一缝隙和第二缝隙等效的电容的电容值的调整，本申请对此并不做限制。
图15是本申请实施例提供的接地元件的电参数不同的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。
应理解，为了论述的简洁，在该实施例提供的仿真结果图中以接地元件是电容为例进行说明，在实际的应用中，接地元件也可以是由电容、电感或电阻中的至少一个，或接地元件也可以是由多个电子元件(电容、电感或电阻)组成的阻抗网络，本申请对此并不做限制。
如图15所示，随着接地元件的电容值由10pF逐渐增加到30pF的过程中，CM模式(二分之一波长模式和二分之三波长模式)产生的谐振频段的频率不断向低频移动。
而在图15所示的仿真结果中，DM模式(二分之一波长模式和二分之三波长模式)产生的谐振频段的频率则基本不变。通过调整接地元件的电容值，可以使CM模式产生的谐振频段与DM模式产生的谐振频段的频率间隔能够被有效调控，来形成所需要的天线结构的工作带宽。
应理解，对于上述特性来说，是由于CM模式在接地元件与第一辐射体的连接处(接地点)为电流零点，如图13所示，接地点处的电特性变化会引起CM模式的谐振频段的改变。而对于DM模式来说，其在接地元件与第一辐射体的连接处并非电流零点，不受接地点处的电特性变化的干扰。同时，在CM模式下，相比较二分之三波长模式而言，二分之一波长模式因为频率较低，所以对电容的调节更加敏感，产生的频率偏移更大。
下表2和下表3分别是图9和图8所示的天线结构的归一化(18dBm)的5mm身体(body)SAR值。
表2(图9所示天线结构)
测试频段 1g 10g
2.6GHz 1.16 0.52
3.2GHz 8.37 2.87
表3(图8所示天线结构)
测试频段 1g 10g
2.6GHz 1.60 0.74
3.1GHz 3.38 1.36
4.0GHz 6.03 1.69
4.5GHz 5.32 1.37
如上表所示，在2.6GHz时，天线结构工作在CM模式下的二分之一波长模式，图8和图9所示的天线结构均具有良好的SAR。但是在3GHz附近，天线结构工作在DM模式 下的二分之三波长模式，图8所示的天线结构相较于图9所示的天线结构的SAR值大幅降低。同时，图8所示的天线结构在CM模式(4.0GHz)和DM模式(4.5GHz)下的二分之三模式，两者SAR值接近，仍明显低于图9所示的天线结构的DM模式的SAR值。因此，本申请实施例提供的天线结构在SAR方面表明其适合电子设备的宽带化应用。
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构200的结构示意图。
如图16所示，天线结构200的辐射体可以包括第一辐射体210、第二辐射体220、第三辐射体230、第四辐射体240和第五辐射体250，第一辐射体210、第二辐射体220、第三辐射体230、第四辐射体240和第五辐射体250作为天线结构200的辐射部分。第一辐射体210、第二辐射体220、第三辐射体230、第四辐射体240和第五辐射体250共同产生至少一个谐振。
应理解，天线结构的辐射部分可以包括多个辐射体，并不仅仅局限于本申请实施例所提供的三个辐射体或五个辐射体，可以根据实际的生产或设计需求进行调整，本申请对此并不做限制。
其中，第一辐射体210的第一端与第二辐射体220的第一端相对且互不接触，第一辐射体210的第一端与第二辐射体220的第一端之间形成第一缝隙201。第一辐射体210的第二端与第三辐射体230的第一端相对且互不接触，第一辐射体210的第二端与第三辐射体230的第一端之间形成第二缝隙202。第四辐射体240的第一端与第二辐射体220的第二端相对且互不接触，第四辐射体240的第一端与第二辐射体220的第二端之间形成第三缝隙203。第五辐射体250的第一端与第三辐射体230的第二端相对且互不接触，第五辐射体250的第一端与第三辐射体230的第二端之间形成第四缝隙204。第一辐射体210设置有馈电点和接地点。接地点设置于中心区域。接地点用于与地板电连接，为天线结构200进行接地。馈电点设置于中心区域和第一辐射体的第一端之间。馈电点用于与馈电单元电连接，为天线结构200进行馈电。
相较于图4所示的天线结构100，图16所示的天线结构200在天线结构100的基础上增加了第四辐射体240和第五辐射体250，利用第四辐射体240与第二辐射体220形成第三缝隙的203以及第五辐射体250与第三辐射体230形成的第四缝隙204，可以进一步增加天线结构200产生的更高阶的谐振模式(将更高阶的谐振模式与原有的谐振模式相互靠近)，例如，CM模式和DM模式下的二分之五波长模式，进一步拓展天线结构200的工作带宽。
在一个实施例中，馈电点馈入电信号时，第一辐射体210、第二辐射体220、第三辐射体230、第四辐射体240和第五辐射体250共同产生第一谐振(CM模式下的二分之一波长模式)，第二谐振(DM模式下的二分之一波长模式)，第三谐振(CM模式下的二分之三波长模式)，第四谐振(DM模式下的二分之三波长模式)，第五谐振(CM模式下的二分之五波长模式)和第六谐振(DM模式下的二分之五波长模式)。
在一个实施例中，第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振，第四谐振，第五谐振和第六谐振中任意相邻的两个谐振的谐振频段部分重叠，以拓展天线结构200的工作带宽。
在一个实施例中，第二辐射体220和第三辐射体230的长度可以相同。
在一个实施例中，第四辐射体240和第五辐射体250的长度可以相同。
在一个实施例中，第一缝隙201和第二缝隙202的宽度可以相同。
在一个实施例中，第三缝隙203和第四缝隙204的宽度可以相同。
应理解，随着天线结构200的辐射部分的对称性增加，天线结构200的辐射特性(例如，带宽、增益等)随之增加。当第二辐射体220、第三辐射体230、第四辐射体240和第五辐射体250沿第一辐射体210的虚拟轴线(虚拟轴线两侧的第一辐射体210的长度相同)对称时，天线结构200具有更好的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，接地点和地板之间可以设置有接地元件，为表述的简洁，在图16所示的天线结构200中，以接地元件是电容进行说明。在一个实施例中，接地元件也可以是电感。或者，接地元件也可以是由多个电子元件组成的阻抗网络，本申请对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，馈电点和馈电单元之间可以设置有匹配网络。馈电单元的一端在馈电点处与第一辐射体电连接，馈电单元的另一端与馈电单元电连接。匹配网络可以用于将馈电单元中的电信号与天线结构的辐射部分的阻抗特性之间相互匹配，使电信号的传输损耗和失真减少到最小。为表述的简洁，在图16所示的天线结构200中，以匹配网络为先并联电容再串联电容的形式进行说明，本申请并不限制匹配网络的具体形式。
作为举例，图16所示的天线结构200在下述的仿真图中的参数如下表4所示：
表4
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
15.2mm 9.6mm 9.6mm 11mm 11mm
b1 b2 b3 b4 E1
0.4mm 0.4mm 0.4mm 0.4mm 2mm
E2 W3 W4 W5 C4
3.3mm 1mm 75mm 155mm 12pF
C5 C6 介电常数 损耗角正切  
0.2pF 1.5pF 4.43 0.005  
其中，H1为第一辐射体的长度，H2为第二辐射体的长度，H3为第三辐射体的长度，H4为第四辐射体的长度，H5为第五辐射体的长度，b1为第一缝隙的宽度，b2为第二缝隙的宽度，b1为第三缝隙的宽度，b2为第四缝隙的宽度，E1为天线结构的辐射部分与地板之间的距离，E2为接地点与馈电点之间的距离，W3为天线结构的辐射部分的宽度，W4为地板的宽度，W5为地板的长度。C4为接地点和地板之间串联的接地元件的电容值，C5和C6为馈电单元和馈电点之间串联的匹配网络中的电容值。应理解，C4、C5和C6为调整天线结构200的辐射特性设置的接地元件和匹配网络的一种情况。介电常数和损耗角正切为辐射部分和地板之间设置的介质的参数。
应理解，上述天线结构200的参数仅作为举例使用，本申请并不限制天线结构的具体参数，可以根据实际的设计或生产需要进行调整。
图17和图18是图16所示天线结构的仿真图。其中，图17是图16所示的天线结构的S11仿真结果图。图18是图16所示的天线结构的辐射效率和系统效率的仿真结果图。
应理解，在图17和图18所示的仿真图中，为方便对天线结构200与图8和图9所示天线结构的性能进行对比，可以通过调整天线结构的参数，使天线结构200的低阶模式的 谐振频段与天线结构101的谐振频段的低阶模式和天线结构102的谐振频段相同。
如图17所示，图16所示的天线结构200与图8所示的天线结构和图9所示的天线结构的谐振的起始位置相同，约在2.6GHz附近。图8所示的天线结构相较于图9所示的天线结构，利用CM模式和DM模式下的二分之三波长模式拓展天线结构的工作带宽。而图17所示的天线结构在图8所示的天线结构的基础上可以利用更高阶的谐振模式(例如CM模式和DM模式下的二分之五波长模式)，将更高阶的谐振模式与原有的谐振模式相互靠近，进一步拓展天线结构的工作带宽，使其工作带宽可以满足更多通信频段的需要，例如，天线结构的工作频段可以包括5G频段中的N77(3.3GHz–4.2GHz)频段和N79(4.4GHz–5.0GHz)频段。
如图18所示，图16所示的天线结构200与图8所示的天线结构和图9所示的天线结构的辐射效率接近。但对于系统效率，图9所示的天线结构在3.1GHz以上的频率快速下落，出现效率凹坑。图8所示的天线结构由于引入CM模式和DM模式下的二分之三波长模式，使3.1GHz-4.5GHz的系统效率的平坦度增加。但图8所示的天线结构在4.5GHz以上，其系统效率快速下降。而图17所示的天线结构在图8所示的天线结构的基础上利用更高阶的谐振模式(例如CM模式和DM模式下的二分之五波长模式)，使天线结构的系统效率的平坦度增加，避免了在4.5GHz出现的系统效率的快速下降。以系统效率＞-3dB作为界限，图16所示的天线结构的工作带宽相较于图9所示的天线结构的工作带宽多一倍，可以满足更多的通信频段需求。以系统效率＞-3dB作为界限，图16所示的天线结构的系统效率的带宽相较于图8所示的天线结构的系统效率的带宽再次增加一倍，可以满足更多的通信频段需求。
下表5是图16所示的天线结构的归一化(18dBm)的5mm身体(body)SAR值。
表5(图16所示天线结构)
测试频段 1g 10g
2.6GHz 1.80 0.81
3.1GHz 3.45 1.35
4.1GHz 4.87 1.46
4.6GHz 5.75 1.57
5.0GHz 5.28 1.42
5.5GHz 4.72 1.21
5.8GHz 5.08 1.28
如上表所示，在系统效率的可用带宽范围(系统效率＞-3dB)内，仍然保持了较低的SAR值水平。因此，本申请实施例提供的天线结构在SAR方面表明其适合电子设备的宽带化应用。
图19是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线结构的示意图。
在上述实施例中，均以宽度较窄的线天线作为举例进行说明，本申请实施例提供的技术方案也可以应用于宽度较宽的面天线中，如图19所示。
如图19所示，面天线可以包括贴片导体、介质板和地板。
其中，贴片导体和地板分别设置于介质板相对的两个表面。贴片导体中的辐射体之间设置有缝隙，位于多个辐射体中间的第一辐射体设置有馈电点和接地点。接地点可以设置于第一辐射体的虚拟轴线上，用于为面天线接地。馈电点可以设置于偏离虚拟轴线的一侧，用于为面天线馈电。
在一个实施例中，第一辐射体可以通过接地通孔与地板电连接。在一个实施例中，接地通过可以包括多个通孔，可以通过调整多个通孔中每个通孔的密度、半径以及深度调整贴片导体与地板之间的等效电容或电感，实现控制对地感性或容性的大小。
在一个实施例中，可以在辐射体之间的缝隙内设置电容，用于调整缝隙形成的等效电容的电容值，从而控制面天线的辐射特性。
或者，在一个实施例中，可以在辐射体之间的缝隙内填充有介质，用于调整缝隙形成的等效电容的电容值，从而控制面天线的辐射特性。
本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的之间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性或其它的形式。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    馈电点和接地点；以及
    辐射体，所述辐射体包括第一辐射体、第二辐射体、和第三辐射体；
    其中，所述第一辐射体的第一端与所述第二辐射体的第一端相对并形成第一缝隙；
    所述第一辐射体的第二端与所述第三辐射体的第一端相对并形成第二缝隙；
    所述第一辐射体上设置所述馈电点和所述接地点；
    所述接地点设置于所述第一辐射体的中心区域，或，所述接地点设置于所述辐射体的中心区域；
    所述馈电点设置于所述中心区域和所述第一辐射体的第一端之间；
    所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体共同产生至少一个谐振。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体的长度相同。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一缝隙和所述第二缝隙的宽度相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体上未设置馈电点和接地点。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体共同产生第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振和第四谐振。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述第一谐振，所述第二谐振，所述第三谐振和所述第四谐振中任意相邻的两个谐振的谐振频段部分重叠。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述辐射体还包括第四辐射体和第五辐射体；
    其中，所述第四辐射体的第一端与所述第二辐射体的第二端相对并形成第三缝隙；
    所述第五辐射体的第一端与所述第三辐射体的第二端相对并形成第四缝隙。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体、所述第三辐射体、所述第四辐射体和所述第五辐射体共同产生所述至少一个谐振。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述馈电点馈入电信号时，所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体、所述第三辐射体、所述第四辐射体和所述第五辐射体共同产生第一谐振，第二谐振，第三谐振，第四谐振，第五谐振和第六谐振。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述第一谐振，所述第二谐振，所述第三谐振，所述第四谐振，所述第五谐振和所述第六谐振中任意相邻的两个谐振的谐振频段部分重叠。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述电子设备还包括边框，所述边框的一部分上依次具有第一位置，第二位置，第三位置和第四位置，其中，所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的边框作为所述第二辐射体，所述第二位置和所述第三位置之间的边框作为所述第一辐射体，所述第三位置和所述第四位置之间的边框作为所述第三辐射体；
    所述边框的第二位置处开设有所述第一缝隙；
    所述边框的第三位置处开设有所述第二缝隙。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述电子设备还包括印刷电路板PCB；
    所述第一辐射体、所述第二辐射体和所述第三辐射体与所述PCB之间设置有第一介质。
  13. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述电子设备还包括印刷电路板PCB；
    其中，所述PCB包括层叠设置的第一介质板和第二介质板；
    所述第一辐射体设置于所述第一介质板和所述第二介质板之间；
    所述第二辐射体设置于所述第一介质板的上表面；
    所述第三辐射体设置于所述第二介质板的下表面；
    所述第一辐射体的第一端与所述第二辐射体的第一端在第一方向上的投影至少部分重合，并形成所述第一缝隙，所述第一方向为垂直于所述第一介质板或所述第二介质板所在平面的方向；
    所述第一辐射体的第二端与所述第三辐射体的第一端在所述第一方向上的投影至少部分重合，并形成所述第二缝隙。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一缝隙或所述第二缝隙内设置有第二介质。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括接地元件，所述接地元件的一端在所述接地点处与所述第一辐射体电连接，所述接地元件的另一端接地。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述接地元件为电容。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括匹配网络和馈电单元，所述匹配网络的一端在所述馈电点处与所述第一辐射体电连接，所述匹配网络的另一端与所述馈电单元电连接。
PCT/CN2022/140767 2021-12-23 2022-12-21 一种电子设备 Ceased WO2023116780A1 (zh)

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