WO2023121002A1 - Rf신호로부터 혈류의 속력을 측정하는 방법 - Google Patents
Rf신호로부터 혈류의 속력을 측정하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023121002A1 WO2023121002A1 PCT/KR2022/018405 KR2022018405W WO2023121002A1 WO 2023121002 A1 WO2023121002 A1 WO 2023121002A1 KR 2022018405 W KR2022018405 W KR 2022018405W WO 2023121002 A1 WO2023121002 A1 WO 2023121002A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
- A61B5/02021—Determining capillary fragility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/06—Measuring blood flow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/488—Diagnostic techniques involving Doppler signals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5215—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B8/5223—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5269—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving detection or reduction of artifacts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Clinical applications
- A61B8/0891—Clinical applications for diagnosis of blood vessels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring the speed of blood flow from an RF signal.
- Doppler ultrasonography is effective in measuring average blood flow, but has a problem in spatial resolution in measuring micro blood flow or blood flow velocity near the vessel wall.
- the blood vessel count method through histological observation can quantitatively analyze the development of blood vessels to some extent, but there is a high possibility of error depending on the examiner or the cut slice.
- Angiography is suitable for observing the morphological results of the vascular network, but there may be differences in resolution depending on the test technique or the size of the experimental animal, and it is not suitable for quantitative analysis of vascularization, so there are problems in using it alone when observing the results. there is.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the speed of blood flow from an RF signal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the speed of blood flow from an RF signal, comprising: decomposing a complex signal converted from the RF signal into a base signal using singular value decomposition; classifying the base signal into a clutter signal, a blood flow signal, and a noise signal; a dividing step of dividing a clutter area and a blood flow area from the classified clutter signal and blood flow signal; obtaining an output signal by removing the blood flow signal from the clutter signal in the clutter area and removing the clutter signal from the blood flow signal in the blood flow area; and measuring the velocity of the blood flow by calculating a speckle decorrelation from the output signal.
- the basal signal is represented by the sum of a plurality of individual basal signals, each individual basal signal includes a spatial singular vector, a temporal singular vector, and a singular value, and in the classifying step, the blood flow signal is based on the singular value. , the clutter signal and the noise signal can be classified.
- the blood flow signal and the clutter signal may be classified based on the size of the singular value.
- the dividing step may include obtaining a feature map based on at least one of the blood flow signal and the clutter signal; and obtaining the clutter area and the blood flow area by image segmentation of the feature map.
- the feature map may be obtained by converting an energy map showing the energy of the blood flow signal into a decibel scale.
- the method may further include smoothing the feature map, and the image segmentation may be performed on the smoothed feature map.
- the step of measuring the blood flow speed may include extracting a sign of the output signal; obtaining a correlation value by inputting the extracted code into a 1-bit correlator; correcting the correlation value to obtain a corrected correlation value; and converting the corrected correlation value into a speed of blood flow using speckle calibration, wherein the speckle calibration may be obtained from data obtained by measuring speckle de-correlation and speckle movement distance.
- a method for measuring the speed of blood flow from a blood vessel cross-section RF signal is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring blood flow velocity according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 3a and 3b show the flow rate measurement results in Field II simulation
- 10A to 10D illustrate SVD results of carotid artery ultrasound data in an in vivo experiment.
- the present invention provides a method for measuring blood flow speed in blood vessels, particularly, blood flow speed in microvessels.
- the present invention provides an ultrasonic signal processing technique and an algorithm for measuring blood flow speed for measuring blood flow speed.
- FIG. 1 showing a flow chart of a method for measuring blood flow velocity according to the present invention.
- the RF signal collected by the ultrasonic probe is converted into a complex signal (S110).
- This process may be performed using a known method, and I/Q demodulation and decimation may be performed.
- the complex signal is decomposed into a basis signal using singular value decomposition (S120).
- the demodulated ultrasound signal is expressed as follows.
- N is the number of frames
- M is the number of RF lines per frame
- L is the number of samples per RF line.
- Each frame is converted into a column vector, and a data matrix of size LM ⁇ N is constructed from the ultrasound signal.
- u 1 , u 2 ..., u N are N orthogonal left singular vectors (length LM), v 1 , v 2 ,...,v N are N orthogonal right singular vectors (length N ), ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ... ⁇ N ⁇ 0 is N singular values, and all singular vectors have energy 1. Physically, left singular vectors represent spatial information, right singular vectors represent temporal information, and singular values represent energy.
- the base signal is classified into a clutter signal, a blood flow signal, and a noise signal ( S130 ).
- the ultrasound signal can be expressed as the sum of N basis signals.
- Each basis signal is composed of a spatial singular vector u N and a temporal singular vector v N , and the singular value ⁇ N represents the magnitude of each basis signal.
- the clutter signal has a much greater intensity than the blood flow signal, it is assumed that the clutter signal has a greater singular value than the blood flow signal. If the ⁇ th to ⁇ th singular values correspond to the blood flow signal, the ultrasonic signal s(i,j,k) can be decomposed into a clutter signal and a blood flow signal as follows.
- the Nth singular value from the remaining ⁇ +1 corresponds to noise.
- the two parameters ⁇ and ⁇ which distinguish clutter, blood flow, and noise, can be determined by the method proposed in [Baranger 2018].
- a method of classifying temporal and spatial singular vectors into clutter/blood flow/noise is further described as follows.
- a similarity matrix is obtained, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the first group is clutter with singular values of 1 to 19
- the second group is blood flow with singular values of 20 to 77
- a blood flow signal is removed from the clutter area and a clutter signal is removed from the blood flow area, thereby generating a signal suitable for speckle decorrelation calculation.
- the segmentation (S140) step is performed through feature map extraction and region segmentation.
- the energy of the blood flow signal is calculated as follows.
- This energy map is converted to a decibel (dB) scale to obtain a feature map.
- dB decibel
- clutter energy or clutter blood flow ratio may be used as a feature map.
- the clutter blood flow ratio can be obtained by calculating the energy ratio of the clutter signal and the blood flow signal on a dB scale.
- the feature map After smoothing the feature map, it is divided into a clutter area and a blood flow area using the Otsu method.
- a Gaussian filter may be used for smoothing, and in another embodiment, various image segmentation techniques such as k-means clustering may be used for region segmentation in addition to the Otsu method.
- an output signal is derived from the divided clutter area and blood flow area (S150).
- a c be the clutter area obtained through area division and A f the blood flow area.
- the speckle decorrelation is calculated from the output signal to measure the blood flow speed (S160).
- the sign of the SVD filter output IQ signal is extracted (1 bit from the I axis, 1 bit from the Q axis).
- the sign of the correlator input signal (output signal) x(i,j,k) is as follows: is to take (The sign function takes the sign of the real and imaginary parts respectively)
- the correlation value of the code signal is calculated using a 1-bit correlator.
- i′,j′ is a spatial window centered on i and j
- k is a temporal window
- the 1-bit correlator uses the Bussgang theorem, one of the probability statistics theories. If the statistical properties of the signal follow a Gaussian distribution, even if the signal is nonlinearly distorted, the correlation of the original signal can be measured. That is, the correlation of the original signal can be obtained by calculating the correlation of the nonlinear distorted signal and then compensating the correlation according to the Bussgang theorem.
- the code extractor plays a role of nonlinear distortion. The code extractor extracts only the sign bits from the original signal. Since the ultrasonic speckle signal generally follows a Gaussian distribution, correlation can be measured only with the sign (1 bit) of the ultrasonic speckle signal.
- the correlation value is corrected as follows. This compensates for the distortion of the correlation value caused by the 1-bit correlator and is based on the Bussgang theory.
- the correlation value is converted into blood flow velocity using the corrected correlation value and speckle calibration data.
- Speckle calibration data is data that measures the relationship between speckle de-correlation and speckle movement distance. Speckle calibration data is an inherent property of an ultrasonic system, and a functional relationship between movement distance and non-correlation can be obtained by moving an ultrasonic probe with a precision stage.
- the measured blood flow speed is output (S170).
- the output may be performed in various ways, such as display on a display device and external transmission through a computer network.
- blood flow velocity can be measured without using an ultrasound contrast agent. That is, since clutter and noise are removed through signal processing, an ultrasonic contrast agent is not required. In addition, since the amount of calculation for blood flow velocity is reduced, blood flow velocity can be measured in real time.
- 3a and 3b show flow rate measurement results before and after application of the developed SVD filter, and the average value and standard deviation are displayed after flow rate measurement 20 times.
- FIG. 3a is before applying SVD and FIG. 3b is after applying SVD.
- the measured flow rate was 8.66 ⁇ 0.16 mL/min before SVD was applied, but after SVD was applied, it was 20.99 ⁇ 0.14 mL/min, which was close to the ground truth of 19.6 mL/min.
- an ultrasonic flow rate measurement experiment device including a flow rate device and an ultrasonic device was prepared.
- the flow device consists of a syringe pump, tube, ultrasound phantom, and Doppler liquid reservoir.
- the Doppler solution was injected into a 4 mm tube with a syringe pump (NE-300) (flow rate: 20, 40 mL/min).
- a clutter signal was generated by moving the probe at a speed of 1 mm/s using a linear stage.
- the ultrasound device consisted of an ultrasound probe (center frequency: 10 MHz) and an ultrasound scanner (frame rate: 1000 Hz).
- FIG. 5 shows a procedure for measuring blood flow velocity from RF signals collected by an ultrasound probe.
- Signals in the Doppler liquid portion contain clutter noise and a significant amount of electrical noise.
- the blood vessel wall which is the boundary between the Doppler liquid and the surrounding tissue, was detected (A) and the blood flow speed was measured (B).
- Figures 8a and 8b show the measured flow rate in the center of the blood vessel, where (a) is the blood flow rate of 20 ml/min, and (b) is the blood flow rate of 40 ml/min.
- 8a and 8b show the average and standard deviation of flow rates measured 10 times at a depth of 15 mm.
- the carotid artery of a 45-year-old healthy adult male was measured using a SonixTouch system at a central frequency of 6.6 MHz. After adjusting the carotid artery with a diameter of about 6 mm to be in the center of the probe field of view in a sitting position, the longitudinal section of the carotid artery was measured at a frame rate of 925 Hz to obtain 1000 frames of RF data.
- the center of a blood vessel measuring 5 mm in width and 25 mm in length was located at a depth of about 15 mm.
- the flow velocity was measured by applying the speckle decorrelation algorithm to every 100 frames.
- the flow velocity measured by the speckle decorrelation technique was smoothed with a Savitzky-golay filter (3rd order, 5 samples) to reduce noise.
- the frame rate limit of ultrasound equipment (1,000 Hz) limits the measurement of the maximum flow velocity (approximately 100 cm/s) in the center of the carotid artery, the slow flow velocity near the vessel wall could be measured with high resolution.
- 10A to 10D are examples of SVD results of carotid artery measurement data.
- 10a is a singular value curve
- FIG. 10b is a spatial similarity
- FIG. 10c is a power Doppler map of a blood flow area
- FIG. 10d shows a segmentation result of a blood flow area.
- the clutter signals have much greater power than the blood flow signal (about 40 dB difference). From spatial similarity, the clutter singular value interval was determined as [1 54] and the blood flow singular value interval was determined as [55 400].
- the power Doppler and segmentation results show the area of the blood flow signal, and it shows that the proposed SVD filter can clearly decompose the carotid artery cross-sectional data into clutter and blood flow signals.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- RF신호로부터 혈류의 속력을 측정하는 방법에 있어서,상기 RF신호로부터 변환된 복소 신호를 특이값 분해를 이용해 기저 신호로 분해하는 단계;상기 기저 신호를 클러터 신호, 혈류 신호 및 잡음 신호로 분류하는 단계;분류된 상기 클러터 신호 및 혈류 신호로부터 클러터 영역 및 혈류 영역을 분할하는 분할 단계;상기 클러터 영역에서는 클러터 신호로부터 상기 혈류신호를 제거하고 상기 혈류 영역에서는 상기 혈류신호로부터 상기 클러터 신호를 제거하여 출력 신호를 얻는 단계; 및상기 출력 신호로부터 스펙클 비상관을 계산하여 상기 혈류의 속력을 측정하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 기저 신호는 복수의 개별 기저 신호의 합으로 나타내어지며,상기 각 개별 기저 신호는 공간 특이벡터, 시간 특이벡터 및 특이값을 포함하며,상기 분류하는 단계에서는,상기 특이값을 기초로 상기 혈류신호, 상기 클러터 신호 및 상기 잡음 신호를 분류하는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 분류에서는,상기 특이값의 크기를 기준으로 상기 혈류신호 및 상기 클러터 신호를 분류하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 분할 단계는,상기 혈류 신호 및 상기 클러터 신호 중 적어도 어느 하나를 기초로 특징맵을 얻는 단계; 및상기 특징맵을 영상분할하여 상기 클러터 영역 및 상기 혈류 영역을 얻는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 특징맵은 상기 혈류신호의 에너지를 도시한 에너지 맵을 데시벨 스케일로 변환하여 얻는 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 특징맵을 얻은 후,상기 특징맵을 평활화하는 단계를 더 포함하며,상기 영상분할은 평활화된 상기 특징맵을 대상으로 수행되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 혈류 속력을 측정하는 단계는,상기 출력신호의 부호를 추출하는 단계;상기 추출된 부호를 1-bit상관기에 입력하여 상관값을 얻는 단계;상기 상관값을 보정하여 보정된 상관값을 얻는 단계; 및상기 보정된 상관값을 스펙클 칼리브레이션을 이용해 혈류의 속력으로 전환하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 스펙클 칼리브레이션은 스펙클 비상관과 스페클 이동거리를 측정한 데이터로부터 얻어지는 방법.
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| US18/710,810 US12446848B2 (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2022-11-21 | Method of measuring speed of blood flow from RF signal |
| JP2024531529A JP2024539772A (ja) | 2021-12-24 | 2022-11-21 | Rf信号から血流の速度を測定する方法 |
| EP22911639.7A EP4454552A4 (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2022-11-21 | METHOD FOR MEASURING BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY FROM AN RF SIGNAL |
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| EP4454552A1 (en) | 2024-10-30 |
| KR20230097482A (ko) | 2023-07-03 |
| US20250017552A1 (en) | 2025-01-16 |
| EP4454552A4 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
| US12446848B2 (en) | 2025-10-21 |
| JP2024539772A (ja) | 2024-10-30 |
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