WO2023121089A1 - 이차전지용 음극재 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
이차전지용 음극재 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023121089A1 WO2023121089A1 PCT/KR2022/020070 KR2022020070W WO2023121089A1 WO 2023121089 A1 WO2023121089 A1 WO 2023121089A1 KR 2022020070 W KR2022020070 W KR 2022020070W WO 2023121089 A1 WO2023121089 A1 WO 2023121089A1
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a secondary battery capable of improving initial discharge capacity (IDC), initial efficiency (ICE) and lifespan characteristics of the secondary battery, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- IDC initial discharge capacity
- ICE initial efficiency
- lifespan characteristics of the secondary battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the performance improvement of secondary batteries is based on the components of cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes.
- graphite which is mainly used as an anode material
- development of non-carbon-based anode materials such as silicon, tin, germanium, and zinc is in progress as a material to replace the graphite anode material.
- silicon has a theoretical capacity of 4000 to 4200 mAh/g, and is in the limelight as a material to replace graphite because it exhibits a high capacity nearly 10 times higher than that of graphite.
- An anode active material using silicon can increase energy density by improving charge and discharge capacity compared to an anode active material using carbon.
- life characteristics are not good because the volume expansion rate exceeds 300% during the process of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) has high mechanical strength due to the oxide formed during the initial charging and discharging process. Accordingly, since the negative electrode material including SiO x has stability against volume expansion occurring during charging and discharging, many attempts have been made to improve the lifespan characteristics of secondary batteries.
- silicon oxide SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) has a disadvantage of low initial efficiency due to an irreversible reaction in which some of the lithium transferred to the anode material during initial charging does not return to the cathode material during discharging.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an anode active material comprising a densified composite.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode material for a secondary battery capable of improving initial discharge capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics of a secondary battery by using the negative electrode active material.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a negative electrode material for a secondary battery that can be stably mass-produced.
- An anode material for a secondary battery comprising an active material having a carbon-coated surface, a conductive material and a binder according to the present invention, wherein the active material includes a magnesium-doped composite, and the magnesium-doped composite includes silicon oxide (SiO x , 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles, and the magnesium oxide nanoparticles may have a diameter of 30 to 150 nm.
- the weight ratio of silicon oxide nanoparticles: silicon (Si) nanoparticles: magnesium oxide nanoparticles may be 100:80 to 120:5 to 30.
- the composite may have an average diameter (D50) of 1 to 18 ⁇ m.
- a method of manufacturing a negative electrode material for a secondary battery comprising an active material having a surface coated with carbon, a conductive material and a binder according to the present invention, (a) silicon oxide (SiO x , 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles and preparing a mixture by mixing magnesium oxide nanoparticles; (b) preparing a molding by adding a binder to the mixture and molding it; (c) preparing a composite doped with magnesium by heat-treating the molding; and (d) preparing an active material by coating carbon on the magnesium-doped composite, and the magnesium oxide nanoparticles may have a diameter of 30 to 150 nm.
- step (b) 5 to 20 parts by weight of a binder may be added based on 100 parts by weight of the silicon oxide nanoparticles.
- a spherical powder may be prepared by compressing to form a pellet or by spray drying.
- the heat treatment in step (c) includes (c1) a first step of raising the temperature from room temperature to 500°C; (c2) a second step of heat treatment while maintaining the temperature of the first step; (c3) a third step of raising the temperature from the heat treatment temperature of the second step to 1200 ° C; (c4) may include a fourth step of heat treatment while maintaining at the temperature of the third step.
- the negative electrode material for a secondary battery according to the present invention includes a densified composite doped with magnesium as an anode active material, thereby improving initial discharge capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics of a secondary battery.
- the method for manufacturing a negative electrode material for a secondary battery according to the present invention has an effect of stably mass-producing a negative electrode active material including a composite.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for manufacturing a negative electrode material for a secondary battery according to the present invention.
- Example 2 is a result of analyzing the composite of Example 1 by XRD (Malvern Panalytical's Empyean equipment).
- Figure 3 is a SEM image and Mg distribution map of the cross-section of the composites of Examples 1 to Comparative Example 3 according to the present invention.
- the arrangement of an arbitrary element on the "upper (or lower)" or “upper (or lower)” of a component means that an arbitrary element is placed in contact with the upper (or lower) surface of the component.
- ком ⁇ онент when a component is described as “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” to another component, the components may be directly connected or connected to each other, but other components may be “interposed” between each component. ", or each component may be “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” through other components.
- the negative electrode material for a secondary battery of the present invention includes an active material whose surface is coated with carbon, a conductive material, and a binder, and the active material includes a magnesium-doped and densified composite.
- the active material includes a magnesium (Mg)-doped and densified composite, there is an effect of further improving performance of the initial discharge capacity and initial efficiency of the secondary battery.
- the magnesium-doped composite includes silicon oxide (SiO x , 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
- magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles are combined with silicon oxide nanoparticles and silicon (Si) nanoparticles to further improve the characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the magnesium oxide nanoparticles have a nano size of 150 nm or less, they have excellent dispersibility and are well mixed with other nanoparticles, providing an effect of doping magnesium between the silicon oxide nanoparticles and the silicon (Si) nanoparticles.
- the composite doped with magnesium may mean that a small amount of magnesium is added, magnesium is uniformly dispersed inside and outside the composite, and magnesium is uniformly embedded between the interfaces of the nanoparticles.
- the characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved only when the magnesium oxide nanoparticles satisfy the diameter of 30 to 150 nm, not the micrometer size.
- the magnesium oxide nanoparticles may have a diameter of 30 to 130 nm or 30 to 80 nm.
- the diameter of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles exceeds 30 to 150 nm or is greater than 1 ⁇ m, Mg dispersibility is poor and agglomeration occurs, which makes it difficult to improve the characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the composite includes magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ) particles instead of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles, stability and performance of secondary battery manufacturing may deteriorate.
- the composite of the present invention preferably includes magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
- the capacity of a secondary battery is represented by silicon oxide nanoparticles and silicon (Si) nanoparticles.
- the irreversible capacity can be reduced by first reacting the Mg source with silicon or silicon oxide to form a magnesium silicate phase.
- magnesium oxide nanoparticles in the present invention are used as a concept of doping to reduce irreversible capacity, excessive use of magnesium may decrease the capacity of the battery itself.
- the content of magnesium oxide nanoparticles is less than the content of silicon oxide nanoparticles, and preferably less than the content of silicon (Si) nanoparticles.
- the MgO, Si, and SiOx nanoparticles are well mixed without agglomeration, so that the particles There is an effect of uniformly distributing Mg between the interfaces and inside the particles.
- the weight ratio of silicon oxide nanoparticles: silicon (Si) nanoparticles: magnesium oxide nanoparticles may be 100:80 to 120:5 to 30.
- the weight ratio may be 100:90 to 110:10 to 20, or 100:95 to 105:13 to 18.
- the silicon oxide nanoparticles act as a buffer to suppress the volume expansion of silicon.
- silicon oxide nanoparticles or silicon (Si) nanoparticles which are not composites, are used alone, the silicon (Si) nanoparticles react with lithium to cause a volume expansion of 300% or more, resulting in a lifespan of a secondary battery. properties can be drastically reduced. In order to improve these disadvantages, it is preferable to use silicon oxide nanoparticles and silicon (Si) nanoparticles together.
- silicon oxide nanoparticles or silicon (Si) nanoparticles are used alone, it is difficult to improve the initial discharge capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics of a secondary battery. It is preferred to use a composite comprising nanoparticles and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
- Silicon oxide nanoparticles may be crystalline and/or amorphous, and the silicon (Si) nanoparticles may be crystalline.
- Each of the silicon oxide nanoparticles and the silicon (Si) nanoparticles means particles having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, ranging from several nm to hundreds of nm in nanometer size.
- a diameter of each of the silicon oxide nanoparticles and the silicon (Si) nanoparticles may have a value equal to or larger than the diameter of the silicon crystal fine particles included in each nanoparticle.
- Each of the silicon oxide nanoparticles and the silicon (Si) nanoparticles may have a diameter of 5 to 1000 nm, for example, 10 to 800 nm, 20 to 600 nm, 30 to 400 nm, or 40 to 200 nm.
- the diameter of the nanoparticles can be measured using BECKMAN COULTER life Sciences, LS 13 320 Particle Size Analyzer equipment.
- Silicon oxide (SiO x , 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) nanoparticles and silicon (Si) nanoparticles have silicon crystal fine particles.
- the active material has a structure in which silicon crystal fine particles having different diameters are dispersed while magnesium is distributed in the composite.
- crystal fine particles refer to a solid material that is regularly arranged in a lattice or disorderly arranged in a space constituting nanoparticles.
- the crystal fine particles may be used as synonyms such as crystals, crystal grains, and crystal grains.
- the characteristics of the secondary battery may vary depending on the diameter (size) of the silicon crystal fine particles.
- the diameters of the first silicon crystal particles included in the silicon oxide (SiO x , 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) nanoparticles and the second silicon crystal particles included in the silicon (Si) nanoparticles are different from each other. And it is more preferable that the diameter of the first silicon crystal fine particles is smaller than the diameter of the second silicon crystal fine particles.
- the diameters of the first silicon crystal fine particles and the second silicon crystal fine particles are equal to each other, or the diameter of the first silicon crystal fine particles is larger than the diameter of the second silicon crystal fine particles, the characteristics of the secondary battery aimed at in the present invention are improved. There are insufficient problems to do it.
- the diameter of the first silicon crystal fine particles of the silicon oxide nanoparticles is preferably 3 to 20 nm.
- the diameter of the first silicon crystal fine particles may be 5 to 18 nm or 7 to 16 nm.
- the diameter of the second silicon crystal fine particles of silicon (Si) nanoparticles is preferably 20 to 50 nm.
- the diameter of the second silicon crystal fine particles may be 25 to 45 nm or 30 to 40 nm.
- the diameter of the first silicon crystal fine particles satisfies 3 to 20 nm and the diameter of the second silicon crystal fine particles satisfies 20 to 50 nm, thereby improving the initial discharge capacity and initial efficiency of the secondary battery and exhibiting stable life characteristics. You can get it.
- the diameter of the silicon crystal fine particles can be measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD, Malvern Panalytical's Empyean equipment).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the FWHM (2 ⁇ ) value of the crystal peak can be measured by XRD
- the crystal size can be calculated by the XRD half-width method using the value.
- the weight ratio of the first silicon crystal fine particles to the second silicon crystal fine particles may be 100:80 to 120.
- the weight ratio may be 100:90 to 110, or 100:95 to 105.
- the initial discharge capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics are higher than those of conventional secondary batteries. can be improved
- the molar ratio of oxygen (O):silicon (Si) in the composite may be 0.5:1.0 to 1.0:1.0.
- lifespan characteristics of the secondary battery may be further improved.
- the composite may have a form in which three types of nanoparticles are uniformly distributed, and first silicon crystal particles and second silicon crystal particles having different diameters are dispersed inside and on the surface.
- the composite may not be a form in which silicon oxide nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles are simply mixed, but may be in a high-density composite form in which particles are mixed with each other.
- the composite may be densified by a binder treatment and stepwise heat treatment of a manufacturing method described later. By forming the composite at a high density, there is an effect of further improving the initial efficiency and lifespan characteristics of the secondary battery.
- High density can be determined by the specific surface area (BET), and provides an effect of suppressing the volume expansion of silicon.
- the specific surface area of the composite may be 1 to 17 m 2 /g.
- the specific surface area may be 3 to 10 m 2 /g or 3.3 to 4 m 2 /g.
- the specific surface area of the composite can be measured according to the specific surface area analysis by nitrogen adsorption using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) formula (analysis equipment: BEL japan lnc, BELSORP-max) .
- BET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
- These densified composites are preferably of micrometer size.
- the average diameter (D50) of the composite is preferably 1 to 18 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter (D50) of the composite may be 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 11 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter (D50) of the composite can be defined as the diameter at 50% of the diameter distribution.
- the average diameter (D50) can be measured using PSA analysis equipment - BECKMAN COULTER life Sciences, LS 13 320 Particle Size Analyzer. For example, after dispersing the composite in a solution, the average diameter of the composite at 50% of the diameter distribution can be calculated.
- the active material constituting the negative electrode material preferably includes a composite whose surface is coated with carbon to prevent oxidation of silicon (Si) nanoparticles.
- the carbon coating layer formed on the surface of the composite may perform a conductive role by being formed on the surface of the Si composite close to the insulator by utilizing high softening point pitch (HSPP).
- HSPP high softening point pitch
- the carbon coating layer serves as a protective film for the composite, lowers the interface resistance between the anode material and the electrolyte, and improves interfacial stability over time. Accordingly, when the composite having the carbon coating layer is applied to the negative electrode material of the secondary battery, there is an effect of improving charge/discharge efficiency and lifespan characteristics.
- the second carbon material included in the carbon coating layer may be located on the entire surface of the composite or may be located on a portion of the surface. Considering the effect of improving physical properties of the negative electrode material, it is preferable that the second carbon material has a uniform thickness over the entire surface of the composite.
- the composite whose surface is coated with carbon Based on 100% by weight of the composite whose surface is coated with carbon, 80 to 95% by weight of the composite and 5 to 20% by weight of the carbon coating layer may be included. For example, 90 to 95% by weight of the composite and 5 to 10% by weight of the carbon coating layer may be included.
- the content of the carbon coating layer (second carbon material) is 5 to 20% by weight, stability of the composite may be increased and interface resistance between the anode material and the electrolyte may be reduced. If the content of the carbon coating layer exceeds 20% by weight, there is a problem in that the initial capacity of the secondary battery is lowered.
- the carbon coating layer may have a thickness of 0.1 to 10 nm, but is not limited thereto.
- the second carbon material may include at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, and high softening point pitch.
- Pitch is made by heat-treating the residue obtained by distilling petroleum, and has a high carbonization yield and low impurity content. This pitch has an effect of increasing the charging/discharging efficiency of the secondary battery and extending the lifespan of the secondary battery.
- High softening point pitch refers to a pitch with a softening point of 200 to 300 ° C.
- the active material constituting the negative electrode material may be used alone as a composite, or may be used together with the first carbon material.
- the characteristics of the secondary battery can be further improved, and the lifespan characteristics can be further improved by increasing the conductivity.
- the first carbon material may include natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, and the like, which may be commonly used in negative electrode active materials.
- the composite in the active material The weight ratio of the first carbon material may be 1:1 to 1:7.
- the weight ratio of the composite to the first carbon material may be 1:2 to 1:6, or 1:3 to 1:5.
- the negative electrode material for a secondary battery may include a conductive material and a binder together with the active material.
- the conductive material may be included to impart conductivity to the negative electrode material, and any material having electrical conductivity without causing chemical change may be used without limitation.
- the conductive material may include at least one of a tertiary carbon material, metal powder, metal fiber, conductive whisker, metal oxide, and conductive polymer.
- the binder serves to improve binding between active materials and adhesion between the active material and the current collector, and may include an aqueous binder among binders commonly used in negative electrode materials.
- the water-based binder is polyvinyl alcohol, starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), regenerated cellulose, hydroxyl At least one of propyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and fluorine-based rubber may be included.
- the weight ratio of active material: conductive material: binder in the negative electrode material for a secondary battery may be 100: 0.1 to 5: 1 to 20.
- the weight ratio of the active material:conductive material:binder may be 100:0.5 to 3:2 to 7.
- the active material of the negative electrode material for a secondary battery of the present invention includes a magnesium-doped and high-density microcomposite, so that a negative electrode material having a high capacity while suppressing volume expansion can be manufactured.
- the active material of the present invention is very effective as an anode material capable of improving the characteristics of an energy storage material, and can be applied to a secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the active material of the present invention can be applied as an anode material for secondary batteries such as IT materials and electric vehicles.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for manufacturing a negative electrode material for a secondary battery according to the present invention.
- a method of manufacturing an active material among negative electrode materials for a secondary battery is a mixture of silicon oxide (SiO x , 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
- Preparing a (S110), preparing a molded article by adding a binder and molding (S120), preparing a composite doped with magnesium by heat treatment (S130), and preparing an active material by coating carbon (S140) includes
- an active material is prepared by further mixing the composite and the first carbon material
- a slurry is prepared by mixing the active material, a conductive material, and a binder, and then the slurry is coated on a current collector to prepare a negative electrode material.
- a method for preparing an active material among negative electrode materials for a secondary battery of the present invention is as follows.
- a mixture is prepared by mixing silicon oxide (SiO x , 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles.
- a mixture may be prepared by dispersing silicon oxide nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol or/and distilled water, and then pulverizing them through ball milling.
- an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol or/and distilled water
- magnesium (Mg) precursor instead of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles, one of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) particles, magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ) particles, magnesium (Mg) nanoparticles, and magnesium gas
- Mg(OH) 2 magnesium hydroxide
- Mg(NO 3 ) 2 magnesium nitrate
- magnesium (Mg) nanoparticles magnesium (Mg) nanoparticles
- magnesium gas magnesium gas
- magnesium oxide nanoparticles as the magnesium precursor, and more preferably to include magnesium oxide nanoparticles having a diameter of 30 to 150 nm.
- the weight ratio of silicon oxide nanoparticles: silicon (Si) nanoparticles: magnesium oxide nanoparticles may be 100:80 to 120:5 to 30.
- the step of dispersing and pulverizing may be performed for 1 to 10 hours, for example, for 1 to 5 hours. If the dispersion and pulverization time is less than 1 hour, the pulverization effect of the nanoparticles may be insufficient. Conversely, if the time exceeds 10 hours, the grinding time may become too long and the process may become inefficient.
- the diameter of the first silicon crystal fine particles of silicon oxide nanoparticles and the diameter of the second silicon crystal fine particles of the silicon (Si) nanoparticles are different from each other.
- the diameter of the first silicon crystal fine particles of the silicon oxide nanoparticles may be 3 to 20 nm, and the diameter of the second silicon crystal fine particles of the silicon (Si) nanoparticles may be 20 to 50 nm.
- silicon oxide nanoparticles silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and silicon crystal microparticles are the same as described above.
- a binder is added to the mixture and molded to prepare a molded article.
- the adhesion between silicon oxide nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles is improved, and the diameter of the composite can be formed in micro units, and a densified structure can be formed.
- the binder on the surface of the silicon oxide nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles and the binder between the interfaces of the nanoparticles are burned out, and the place where the binder was A void is formed in the nanoparticles, and the binding force between the nanoparticles is imparted, so that the composite can be high-density.
- the binder affects the density and pore characteristics of the composite, and the density and pore characteristics affect the characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the binder is an aqueous binder, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), regenerated cellulose, hydroxypropyl At least one of cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and fluorine-based rubber may be included.
- the binder may include at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- a binder may be added to 100 parts by weight of the silicon oxide nanoparticles.
- 5 to 18 parts by weight of a binder may be added.
- micrometer-sized powder molded product
- a mixture to which a binder is added is pulverized and dispersed through ball milling, dried, and then the dried powder is compressed to prepare a powder in the form of a pellet.
- Grinding and dispersion may be performed for 1 to 10 hours, for example, for 1 to 5 hours.
- the diameter of the powder in the form of pellets is larger than the diameter of the dried powder before compression, and the powder in the form of pellets can obtain an advantageous effect in micronization.
- Compression may be performed by hot pressing, casting, extrusion, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- the second method is spray drying to produce a spherical powder.
- Spray drying is a technique of rapidly drying liquid material with hot air to produce powder. there is.
- Spray drying can control particle size and shape according to various conditions such as experimental conditions and liquid state, and is suitable for mass production.
- the molded powder is heat-treated step by step to prepare a composite doped with magnesium.
- Stepwise heat treatment may be performed through the third step of raising the temperature from the heat treatment temperature of the second step to 1200 ° C at ° C / min, and the fourth step of heat treatment by holding at the temperature of the third step for 30 minutes to 3 hours.
- the molding can be sintered through four steps of maintaining the same temperature range as 1150 ⁇ 1250 °C.
- the present invention heat-treats a molding containing silicon oxide nanoparticles, silicon (Si) nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles at around 500 ° C., and then heats the mold at a higher temperature around 1200 ° C. It can exhibit high density, and there is an effect of improving the characteristics of a secondary battery by suppressing silicon volume expansion by high density.
- the silicon oxide nanoparticles are decomposed into SiO 2 and Si by disproportionation in the last heat treatment step, the silicon crystal fine particles may be uniformly dispersed.
- the stepwise heat treatment of the present invention is different from the conventional heat treatment step of one or more times in one temperature range or a total of two heat treatments in different temperature ranges.
- a high-density composite having an average diameter (D50) of 3 to 15 ⁇ m may be prepared by performing primary grinding with a coarse grinder after stepwise heat treatment and pulverization through ball milling.
- the average diameter (D50) of the composite is as described above.
- an active material is prepared by coating carbon on the composite doped with magnesium.
- the carbon coating is performed to impart conductivity and may be performed to increase stability of the composite and suppress reactivity to moisture and oxygen.
- a carbon coating layer serving as a protective film may be formed on the surface of the composite by wet coating the second carbon material and carbonizing it at 800 to 1200 ° C. and an inert atmosphere.
- the wet coating is a first step of dissolving the second carbon material in an organic solvent such as THF, a second step of dissolving an organic solvent such as THF in a silicon oxide composite, and mixing the two solutions of the first and second steps, and then After removing and drying only, it can be performed in three stages of carbonization.
- Carbon coating may be performed at 900 to 1100 °C.
- the inert atmosphere may include one or more of argon (Ar) gas, nitrogen (N 2 ) gas, helium (He) gas, and xenon (Xe) gas.
- the second carbon material Based on 100% by weight of the composite whose surface is coated with carbon, 5 to 20% by weight of the second carbon material may be added. For example, 5 to 10% by weight of the second carbon material may be added.
- the carbon coating layer may include at least one second carbon material selected from among natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, and high softening point pitch.
- the active material may be prepared by further mixing the composite: the first carbon material at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:7.
- active material including silicon oxide and the first carbon material are as described above.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing the active material:conductive material:binder in a weight ratio of 100:0.1 to 5:1 to 20, and then the slurry is coated on a current collector to prepare a negative electrode material.
- any material having conductivity without causing chemical change in the secondary battery may be used without limitation.
- the current collector for example, copper, aluminum, or nickel may be used.
- the specific examples of the negative electrode material for a secondary battery are as follows.
- Silicon oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 to 100 nm SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) (diameter of Si crystal particles 3 to 20 nm) and silicon (Si) nanoparticles with a diameter of 128 nm (diameter of Si crystal particles 20 to 20 nm) 50 nm) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles having a diameter of 33 to 66 nm were mixed in a weight ratio of 100:100:15 to prepare a mixture.
- the weight ratio of the Si crystal particles of the silicon oxide nanoparticles to the Si crystal particles of the silicon nanoparticles is 100:100.
- the dried spherical powder was heat-treated in four steps. The temperature was raised at 1 °C/min to 500 °C in the first step, and maintained at 500 °C for 1 hour in the second step. In the third step, the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and in the last step, sintering was performed while maintaining at 1200 ° C. for 5 hours.
- high softening point pitch developed by OCI
- HSPP was dissolved in THF and the composite was dissolved in THF, then the two solutions were mixed and evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 35-40 °C using an evaporator.
- silicon oxide nanoparticles SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) with a diameter of 50 to 100 nm (diameter of Si crystal fine particles of 3 to 20 nm) were used, except that a CMC binder was used.
- Example 1 In the same manner as above, a composite having a carbon-coated surface was obtained.
- Silicon oxide nanoparticles SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) having a diameter of 50 to 100 nm (diameter of Si crystal fine particles of 3 to 20 nm) were prepared.
- CMC binder
- the dried spherical powder was heat-treated in four steps. The temperature was raised at 1 °C/min to 500 °C in the first step, and maintained at 500 °C for 1 hour in the second step. In the third step, the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and in the last step, sintering was performed while maintaining at 1200 ° C. for 5 hours.
- magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 (Sigma Aldrich) was dispersed in distilled water to prepare a solution, and then the outside of the sintered powder was doped using a wet method. After drying and heat treatment at 1200° C., a magnesium silicate (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) composite externally doped with magnesium was prepared.
- high softening point pitch developed by OCI
- OCI high softening point pitch
- HSPP was dissolved in THF and the composite was dissolved in THF, then the two solutions were mixed and evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 35-40 °C using an evaporator.
- Silicon oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 to 100 nm SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) (diameter of Si crystal particles 3 to 20 nm) and silicon (Si) nanoparticles with a diameter of 128 nm (diameter of Si crystal particles 20 to 20 nm) 50 nm) and magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 (Sigma-Aldrich) were prepared in a weight ratio of 100:100:27.
- the weight ratio of the Si crystal particles of the silicon oxide nanoparticles to the Si crystal particles of the silicon nanoparticles is 100:100.
- the dried spherical powder was heat treated in two stages. In the first stage, the temperature was raised to 1200°C at 10°C/min, and in the second stage, sintering was performed while maintaining the temperature at 1200°C for 1 hour.
- high softening point pitch developed by OCI
- HSPP was dissolved in THF and the composite was dissolved in THF, then the two solutions were mixed and evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 35-40 °C using an evaporator.
- a negative electrode active material was prepared by dry-mixing each of the carbon-coated composites of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 with artificial graphite at a weight ratio of 1:4.9.
- the prepared slurry was coated on a copper electrode plate having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 below shows the pore size, specific surface area, densification and diameter of the carbon-coated composite.
- Table 2 shows the electrochemical characteristics of the negative electrode material.
- Diameter The average diameter (D50) of the composite was measured using a BECKMAN COULTER life Sciences, LS 13 320 Particle Size Analyzer.
- Lifespan (@50 cycles): Life characteristics were measured using half cell device- TOSCAT-3100 equipment.
- Example 1 is a four-step heat treatment of silicon oxide nanoparticles, silicon nanoparticles, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles together with a binder, and it can be seen that a micro-sized composite uniformly doped with Mg was prepared.
- Example 1 showed excellent results in terms of initial discharge capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics, as all of the specific surface area, densification, and average diameter of the composite were excellent.
- Example 2 is a result of analyzing the composite of Example 1 by XRD (Malvern Panalytical's Empyean equipment). Referring to FIG. 2 , since the peak of Mg 2 SiO 4 is observed, it can be confirmed that MgO is present in the composite.
- Figure 3 is a SEM image and Mg distribution map of the cross-section of the composites of Examples 1 to Comparative Example 3 according to the present invention. SEM images were checked to confirm that the specific surface area (BET) values in Table 1 were visually consistent. The Mg distribution map is the EDX result from SEM analysis.
- Example 1 using magnesium oxide nanoparticles was most uniformly doped with Mg and had a high density.
- Comparative Example 1 contained only silicon oxide nanoparticles, and the composite was densified and the lifetime characteristics were similar to those of Example 1, but the initial discharge capacity and initial efficiency were lower than those of Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 is an example including micrometer-sized magnesium hydroxide particles without including silicon (Si) nanoparticles.
- magnesium hydroxide particles are used as the Mg precursor, it is difficult to prepare a solution for dispersion with silicon oxide because of their low dispersibility in water. For this reason, Mg was doped to the outside of the composite by a wet method by dispersing a magnesium hydroxide precursor in ethanol.
- Comparative Example 2 did not achieve densification because micrometer-sized magnesium hydroxide particles were used, and it can be seen that Mg is agglomerated due to poor dispersibility of magnesium hydroxide. Accordingly, the electrochemical properties showed relatively low values.
- Comparative Example 3 used micrometer-sized magnesium hydroxide particles and subjected to two-step heat treatment, so the particles were not micronized, so densification was not achieved, and the specific surface area value was significantly high.
- Mg was non-uniformly doped.
- Example 1 of the present invention shows that the initial discharge capacity, initial efficiency and lifetime characteristics are further improved compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3, as the diameter of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles, binder treatment, and stepwise heat treatment conditions are satisfied. You can check.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 표면이 탄소 코팅된 활물질, 도전재 및 바인더를 포함하는 이차전지용 음극재로서,상기 활물질은 마그네슘이 도핑된 복합체를 포함하며,상기 마그네슘이 도핑된 복합체는실리콘 산화물(SiOx, 0.5<x≤2) 나노입자, 실리콘(Si) 나노입자 및 마그네슘 산화물 나노입자를 포함하고,상기 마그네슘 산화물 나노입자의 직경은 30 ~ 150nm인 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항에 있어서,실리콘 산화물 나노입자 : 실리콘(Si) 나노입자 : 마그네슘 산화물 나노입자의 중량비는 100 : 80 ~ 120 : 5 ~ 30 인 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 실리콘 산화물 나노입자의 제1실리콘 결정 미립자의 직경과 상기 실리콘(Si) 나노입자의 제2실리콘 결정 미립자의 직경은 서로 다른 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 복합체의 평균 직경(D50)은 1 ~ 18㎛ 인 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 복합체의 비표면적(BET)은 1 ~ 17 m2/g 인 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 활물질은 제1탄소재를 더 포함하는 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 이차전지용 음극재 내의 활물질 : 도전재 : 바인더의 중량비는 100 : 0.1 ~ 5 : 1 ~ 20 인 이차전지용 음극재.
- 표면이 탄소 코팅된 활물질, 도전재 및 바인더를 포함하는 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법으로서,(a) 실리콘 산화물(SiOx, 0.5<x≤2) 나노입자, 실리콘(Si) 나노입자 및 마그네슘 산화물 나노입자를 혼합하여 혼합물을 제조하는 단계;(b) 상기 혼합물에 바인더를 첨가하고 성형하여 성형물을 제조하는 단계;(c) 상기 성형물을 열처리하여 마그네슘이 도핑된 복합체를 제조하는 단계; 및(d) 상기 마그네슘이 도핑된 복합체에 탄소를 코팅하여 활물질을 제조하는 단계를 포함하고,마그네슘 산화물 나노입자의 직경은 30 ~ 150nm 인 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,실리콘 산화물 나노입자 : 실리콘(Si) 나노입자 : 마그네슘 산화물 나노입자의 중량비는 100 : 80 ~ 120 : 5 ~ 30 인 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 실리콘 산화물 나노입자의 제1실리콘 결정 미립자의 직경과 상기 실리콘(Si) 나노입자의 제2실리콘 결정 미립자의 직경은 서로 다른 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 (b) 단계에서 실리콘 산화물 나노입자 100중량부에 대하여, 바인더 5 ~ 20중량부를 첨가하는 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 (b) 단계에서 성형하여 성형물을 제조하는 단계는압축하여 펠렛 형태로 제조하거나, 또는 분무 건조하여 구형의 파우더를 제조하는 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 (c) 단계의 열처리는(c1) 상온에서 500℃까지 승온하는 1단계;(c2) 상기 1단계의 온도에서 유지하여 열처리하는 2단계;(c3) 상기 2단계의 열처리 온도에서 1200℃까지 승온하는 3단계;(c4) 상기 3단계의 온도에서 유지하여 열처리하는 4단계를 포함하는 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 복합체의 평균 직경(D50)은 1 ~ 18㎛ 인 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 (d) 단계 이후에,(e) 상기 복합체 : 제1탄소재를 1 : 1 ~ 1 : 7 의 중량비로 더 혼합하여 활물질을 제조하는 단계; 및(f) 상기 활물질 : 도전재 : 바인더를 100 : 0.1 ~ 5 : 1 ~ 20 의 중량비로 혼합하여 슬러리를 제조하는 단계를 더 포함하는 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
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| KR102930601B1 (ko) * | 2023-07-14 | 2026-02-24 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 음극 활물질, 음극 활물질의 제조 방법, 음극 조성물, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR102887251B1 (ko) * | 2024-05-03 | 2025-11-19 | 주식회사 이비에스스퀘어 | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
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| CN114556626B (zh) * | 2019-08-19 | 2024-07-26 | 大洲电子材料株式会社 | 硅·氧化硅-碳复合物,其制备方法,以及包含其的用于锂二次电池的负电极活性材料 |
| KR20210094685A (ko) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-07-30 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 규소-규소 복합산화물-탄소 복합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
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| KR102512804B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-16 | 2023-03-24 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 다공성 규소-탄소 복합체, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
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- 2021-12-22 KR KR1020210185025A patent/KR20230096193A/ko not_active Ceased
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2022
- 2022-12-09 JP JP2024506200A patent/JP7746538B2/ja active Active
- 2022-12-09 EP EP22911722.1A patent/EP4456180A4/en active Pending
- 2022-12-09 CN CN202280054112.8A patent/CN118355523A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-09 WO PCT/KR2022/020070 patent/WO2023121089A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-16 TW TW111148375A patent/TW202327150A/zh unknown
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| KR20050087147A (ko) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 그의 제조 방법 및 그를포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20160076060A (ko) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-30 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 비수 전해질 이차전지용 음극재, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 비수 전해질 이차전지 |
| KR20180091156A (ko) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-16 | 한국세라믹기술원 | 이차전지용 음극활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 이차전지의 제조방법 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7746538B2 (ja) | 2025-09-30 |
| EP4456180A1 (en) | 2024-10-30 |
| CN118355523A (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
| KR20230096193A (ko) | 2023-06-30 |
| JP2024527129A (ja) | 2024-07-19 |
| TW202327150A (zh) | 2023-07-01 |
| EP4456180A4 (en) | 2025-11-26 |
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