WO2023123492A1 - 一种电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

一种电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023123492A1
WO2023123492A1 PCT/CN2021/143997 CN2021143997W WO2023123492A1 WO 2023123492 A1 WO2023123492 A1 WO 2023123492A1 CN 2021143997 W CN2021143997 W CN 2021143997W WO 2023123492 A1 WO2023123492 A1 WO 2023123492A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
top cover
bottom wall
piece
cell assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/143997
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱慎照
田静
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Dongguan Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority to CN202180033691.3A priority Critical patent/CN115668615A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/143997 priority patent/WO2023123492A1/zh
Priority to EP21969835.4A priority patent/EP4459758A4/en
Publication of WO2023123492A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023123492A1/zh
Priority to US18/758,332 priority patent/US20240356117A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • Cylindrical batteries have been widely used in passenger cars and logistics vehicles due to their high energy density and high cost performance.
  • mature cylindrical batteries are generally equipped with a pressure relief safety mechanism inside.
  • the pressure relief safety mechanism can discharge the gas inside the cylindrical battery to avoid the explosion of the cylindrical battery due to excessive pressure.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a battery to improve the safety of the battery and to increase the energy density of the battery.
  • the specific technical scheme is as follows:
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery, including a casing, a cell assembly, a first collector plate, and an explosion-proof valve.
  • the housing includes a main body and a top cover assembly connected to the main body, and an end of the main body away from the top cover assembly has a bottom wall;
  • the battery core assembly is arranged in the housing,
  • the cell assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a diaphragm layer between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and the first pole piece includes a first pole piece that is not coated with an active material.
  • the first collector plate is arranged in the housing, and one side of the first collector plate is electrically connected to the first empty foil area;
  • the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the bottom wall,
  • the explosion-proof valve includes a turning piece, the turning piece is connected to the side of the first collecting plate away from the first electrical connection surface, and the turning piece is configured to be turned over relative to the first collecting plate , so that the turning piece is disconnected from the first collector plate.
  • the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the bottom wall of the casing.
  • the turning plate of the explosion-proof valve will Under the action, it is turned outward relative to the first current collecting plate, so that the turning piece is separated from the first current collecting plate when it is turned over, and the electrical connection between it and the first current collecting plate is disconnected.
  • the passage formed by the cell assembly of the battery, the first collector plate, the explosion-proof valve and the casing is disconnected, and the battery no longer outputs current to the outside.
  • the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the bottom wall of the battery, and there is no need to set a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, which saves the space inside the battery and improves the energy density of the battery.
  • a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, which saves the space inside the battery and improves the energy density of the battery.
  • the turning piece is turned over due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside, the first collecting plate and the turning piece are disconnected and the first collecting plate is disconnected from the bottom wall at the same time, so as to realize the current flow between the cell assembly and the shell.
  • Cutting off eliminates the current cut-off device separately provided in the top cover assembly in the related art, so the space utilization rate in the height direction of the battery can be improved, thereby further increasing the energy density in the height direction of the battery.
  • the first current collecting plate includes a first area connected to the flip plate, and a side of the first current collecting plate close to the cell assembly is provided with a first notch. and along a first direction perpendicular to the bottom wall, the projection of the first score at least partially falls within the projection of the first region.
  • the first notch can reduce the mechanical strength of the first notch on the first collecting plate, so that it is easier to break the connection area between the first collecting plate and the turning plate when the turning plate is turned over, and disconnect the first collecting plate
  • the connection with the flip sheet further improves the safety of the battery.
  • a first recess is provided on a side of the first collector plate close to the cell assembly, the first notch is set in the first recess, and the A side of the first recess away from the first collector plate is connected to the turning piece.
  • the first concave part can make the thickness of the first concave part on the first collector plate smaller than the thickness of the area other than the first concave part on the first collector plate, and the first notch is arranged in the first concave part, which can be set On the basis of the first notch, the connection strength between the first collector plate and the flip sheet is further reduced to further improve the safety of the battery.
  • a second notch is provided on a side of the overturning sheet away from the cell assembly.
  • the second notch can reduce the mechanical strength of the reversing sheet at the second notch, so that the reversing sheet can break quickly at the second notch, further improving the safety of the battery.
  • the second notch is arc-shaped.
  • the circular arc shape has no edges and corners and is relatively smooth, thereby reducing the probability of interference phenomena such as collisions between the flipping sheet and other areas of the bottom wall during the flipping process.
  • the housing has a centerline extending along a first direction perpendicular to the bottom wall, and viewed along the first direction, the first collector plate includes at least one The second concave portion of the line is concave.
  • the second concave part can make the electrolyte quickly infiltrate and penetrate into the inside of the cell assembly.
  • the battery further includes: a first insulating sheet, the first insulating sheet has a ring structure with a hollow area, and the first insulating sheet is arranged at Between the first collecting plate and the explosion-proof valve, and viewed along the first direction, the turning piece is placed in the hollow area of the first insulating piece.
  • the first insulating sheet can be used to isolate the cell assembly from the bottom wall except the area connected to the first collector plate, so that after the first collector plate is disconnected from the turning sheet, the first collector plate and the cell assembly are connected to the bottom wall. The walls are completely disconnected.
  • a liquid injection hole is provided on the bottom wall and the first insulating sheet, and the liquid injection hole on the bottom wall is connected to the liquid injection hole on the first insulating sheet;
  • the battery also includes a seal, which is detachably arranged in the liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection hole can increase the speed of the electrolyte entering the cell assembly. After the electrolyte injection is completed, the liquid injection hole can be sealed by a sealing member to avoid battery leakage.
  • the projection of the liquid injection hole is placed within the projection of the at least one second recess. This can reduce the shielding of the liquid injection hole by the first collecting plate, so that the electrolyte can quickly enter the cell assembly through the liquid injection hole and the second recess, thereby improving the liquid injection efficiency.
  • the first collector plate is provided with an elastic connection portion, and along the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the connection portion is located on the first collector plate Between the first concave portion and the housing, and along the first direction, the connecting portion abuts against a side of the first insulating sheet close to the cell assembly.
  • the connection part can play a buffering and shockproof role, effectively reducing the risk of desoldering at the welding part.
  • the bottom wall and the explosion-proof valve are integrally formed.
  • the one-piece molding method can reduce the cumbersome bottom cover assembly process, improve production reliability, and avoid battery leakage caused by poor packaging.
  • the second pole piece includes a second empty foil area that is not coated with active material;
  • the top cover assembly includes a second collector plate, the second collector plate and the The second empty foil area is electrically connected.
  • the top cover assembly further includes a pole structure and a top cover, the pole structure is connected to a side of the second current collecting plate away from the second pole piece; the The top cover is connected to a side of the pole structure away from the second current collecting disc.
  • the pole structure is used to lead out the positive current or negative current in the electrode assembly through the second current collecting plate.
  • the top cover assembly further includes a sealant layer and a second insulating sheet: the sealant layer is located between the pole structure and the top cover, and the pole structure and the top cover The top cover is connected by the sealant layer; the second insulating sheet has a ring-shaped structure with a hollow area, and the second insulating sheet is arranged on the side of the second collector plate away from the top cover , and viewed along a first direction perpendicular to the bottom wall, the pole structure is placed in the hollow area of the second insulating sheet.
  • the second insulating sheet can be used to isolate the cell assembly from the top cover assembly in areas other than those connected to the second current collector.
  • the cell assembly is an axially wound structure or a stacked structure.
  • An embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electric device, which includes any one of the batteries described above.
  • the flipper of the explosion-proof valve flips outward under the action of the internal and external pressure difference, so that the flipper When turning over, it is separated from the first current collecting plate, and the electrical connection between it and the first current collecting plate is disconnected.
  • the passage formed by the cell assembly of the battery, the first collector plate, the explosion-proof valve and the casing is disconnected, and the battery no longer outputs current to the outside. In this way, the battery can be prevented from continuing to be short-circuited and continuously generating gas, thereby reducing the potential safety hazard of thermal failure of the battery due to excessive pressure, and improving battery safety.
  • the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the bottom wall of the battery, and there is no need to set a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, which saves the space inside the battery and improves the energy density of the battery.
  • a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, which saves the space inside the battery and improves the energy density of the battery.
  • the turning piece is turned over due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside, the first collecting plate and the turning piece are disconnected and the first collecting plate is disconnected from the bottom wall at the same time, so as to realize the current flow between the cell assembly and the shell.
  • Cutting off eliminates the current cut-off device separately provided in the top cover assembly in the related art, so the space utilization rate in the height direction of the battery can be improved, thereby further increasing the energy density in the height direction of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the first current collecting plate in the battery of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a structure of part I in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of another structure of part I in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic view of the flipping sheet flipped in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flipping piece flipped and broken in Fig. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is another exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the batteries include but are not limited to cylindrical batteries, prismatic batteries and the like.
  • Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 are enlarged schematic diagrams of part I of the battery in Fig. 3, and the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure is the flow direction of the gas generated by thermal runaway inside the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery, including a casing 1 , a cell assembly 2 , a first collecting plate 3 and an explosion-proof valve 12 .
  • the housing 1 includes a main body 11 and a top cover assembly 13 connected to the main body 11 .
  • the end of the main body 11 away from the top cover assembly has a bottom wall 111 .
  • the cell assembly 2 is arranged in the casing 1, and the cell assembly 2 includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a diaphragm layer between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece includes a first empty foil region not coated with active material.
  • the first collector plate 3 is arranged in the casing 1, and one side of the first collector plate 3 is electrically connected to the first empty foil area.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 is arranged on the bottom wall 111, and the explosion-proof valve includes a turning piece 121, and the turning piece 121 is connected with the side of the first collecting plate 3 away from the first empty foil area; The disc 3 is deflected, so that the turning piece 121 is disconnected from the first collector disc 3 .
  • the casing 1 can be a metal casing, and the casing 1 can be made of metal aluminum, copper and other good conductors.
  • the material of the housing 1 may be aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the first pole piece can be a positive pole piece or a negative pole piece, and the second pole piece can also be a positive pole piece or a negative pole piece, and the polarity of the first pole piece and the second pole piece are opposite.
  • the diaphragm layer can be used to isolate the positive and negative electrodes for electronic insulation, and can also be used to ensure the free passage of ions in the electrolyte to form an electrical circuit.
  • the first pole piece includes a first empty foil area without an active material layer, the first empty foil area may be an area with a certain width on the side of the first pole piece along the width direction close to the bottom wall 111, and the first empty foil area The foil region extends along the length of the first pole piece.
  • the first current collecting plate 3 is electrically connected to the first empty foil area, that is, the tab is formed after the first empty foil area is kneaded and processed, and then the tab is electrically connected to the first current collecting plate 3 by means of welding or the like.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 is arranged on the bottom wall 111 of the casing 1.
  • the turning piece 121 of the explosion-proof valve 12 is turned outward relative to the first collecting plate 3 under the action of the internal and external pressure difference, so that the turning piece 121 is separated from the first collecting plate 3 when turning over, and disconnected.
  • the electrical connection between it and the first collector plate 3 reduces the potential safety hazard of thermal failure of the battery due to excessive pressure and improves battery safety.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 is arranged on the bottom wall 111 of the battery, and there is no need to set a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, saving the space inside the battery and increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, saving the space inside the battery and increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the turning piece 121 is turned over due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside, the first collecting plate 3 is disconnected from the turning piece 121 and the first collecting plate 3 is disconnected from the bottom wall 111 at the same time, so as to realize the battery assembly 2
  • the current cut-off between the case 1 and the current cut-off device separately provided in the top cover assembly 13 in the related art is omitted, so the space utilization rate in the height direction of the battery can be improved, thereby increasing the energy density in the height direction of the battery.
  • the turning piece 121 is disconnected from the first collector plate 3, the path formed by the battery cell assembly 2, the first collector plate 3, the explosion-proof valve 12 and the casing 1 is disconnected, and the battery no longer outputs current to the outside. .
  • the battery can be prevented from continuing to short-circuit and continue to generate gas, thereby eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal failure of the battery due to excessive pressure.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 is separated from the first collecting plate 3 to form an exhaust channel 5, which can accommodate a certain volume of gas generated inside the battery and buffer the internal expansion force generated by the short circuit of the battery cell assembly 2. It can be seen that the safety of the battery can be improved through this solution.
  • the first current collecting plate 3 includes a first area connected to the turning piece 121 , and the side of the first current collecting plate 3 close to the cell assembly 2 is provided with a second A notch 31 is scored, and along a first direction perpendicular to the bottom wall 111 , a projection of the first notch 31 at least partially falls within the first region.
  • the first direction may be the height direction of the battery.
  • the projection of the first notch 31 along the first direction at least partly falls into the first region, that is, at least part of the structure of the first notch 31 is disposed at the junction of the first collector plate 3 and the turning plate 121 . Further, the projection of the first notch 31 along the first direction completely falls within the projection of the first area.
  • the mechanical strength at the place where the first notch 31 is set on the first collecting plate 3 can be reduced, so that when the turning piece 121 turns over It is easier to tear off the connection area between the first collector plate 3 and the flipping piece 121 , disconnecting the connection between the first collector plate 3 and the flipping piece 121 , thereby further improving the safety of the battery.
  • the first notch 31 can make the welding spot between the first collecting plate 3 and the turning piece 121 easier to break.
  • a first recess 32 is provided on the side of the first collector plate 3 close to the cell assembly 2 , and a first notch 31 is provided in the first recess 32 . And the side of the first concave portion 32 away from the first collector plate 3 is connected to the turning piece 121 .
  • the first collector plate 3 is provided with a first concave portion 32 , and when viewed along the direction from the top cover assembly 13 to the bottom wall 111 , the first concave portion 32 is concave toward the explosion-proof valve 12 .
  • the thickness at the first recess 32 on the first collector plate 3 can be made smaller than the thickness of the area on the first collector plate 3 except for the first recess 32 , the first notch 31 is arranged in the first recess 32, on the basis of setting the first notch 31, the connection strength between the first collector plate 3 and the turning piece 121 can be further reduced, and it is easier to turn over the turning piece 121 Pulling off the connection between the first collector plate 3 and the turning piece 121 further improves the safety of the battery.
  • the first recess 32 may include grooves and the like.
  • the first recess 32 can be formed by stamping the first collector plate 3 through a stamping process.
  • the first concave portion 32 is a boss 33 protruding toward the explosion-proof valve 12, and the side of the first concave portion 32 away from the cell assembly 2 is in contact with the turning piece. 121 connection, that is, the top surface of the boss 33 close to the explosion-proof valve 12 is connected to the turning piece 121 .
  • the boss 33 can provide a connecting platform for the first collecting plate 3 , so as to facilitate the connection between the first collecting plate 3 and the turning plate 121 .
  • the boss 33 is provided to receive the turning piece 121 , so as to facilitate welding between the first collector plate 3 and the turning piece 121 .
  • a second notch 1211 is provided on a side of the flipping sheet 121 away from the cell assembly 2 .
  • the second notch 1211 is provided on the turning piece 121 , which can reduce the mechanical strength of the turning piece 121 at the second notch 1211 .
  • the turning piece 121 can be quickly broken at the second notch 1211, so that the gas generated inside the battery can be released in time, and the internal expansion caused by the short circuit of the battery cell assembly 2 can be removed. force, thereby further improving the safety of the battery.
  • the second notch 1211 is arc-shaped.
  • the breaking point is in the shape of a smooth arc without corners, thereby reducing the contact between the turning piece 121 and the bottom wall 111 during the turning process.
  • the probability of interference phenomena such as collisions in other areas.
  • the second notch 1211 may be in a semicircular shape.
  • the second notch 1211 may be in a curved shape, that is, the angle corresponding to the second notch 1211 may be greater than 180 degrees.
  • the housing 1 has a centerline extending along a first direction perpendicular to the bottom wall 111 , and viewed along the first direction, the first collector plate 3 includes at least one first concave inward toward the centerline. Two recesses 34 .
  • the casing 1 when the battery is a cylindrical battery, the casing 1 is cylindrical, and the center line L is also the axis of the casing 1 .
  • the second recess 34 provided on the first collecting plate 3 can function as a liquid seepage hole, through which the electrolyte can quickly infiltrate into the cell assembly 2 .
  • the number of the second recesses 34 may be multiple, for example, three second recesses 34 may be provided in FIG. 2 .
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure does not specifically limit the size of the second concave portion 34 , which can be flexibly set according to needs in practical applications.
  • the battery further includes a first insulating sheet 4, the first insulating sheet 4 has a ring-shaped structure with a hollow area, and the first insulating sheet 4 is arranged at Between the first collecting plate 3 and the explosion-proof valve 12 , and viewed along the first direction, the flipping piece 121 is placed in the hollow area of the first insulating piece 4 .
  • the first insulating sheet 4 may be an elastic structure.
  • the first insulating sheet 4 is arranged between the first collecting plate 3 and the explosion-proof valve 12.
  • the first insulating sheet 4 can abut against the top of the explosion-proof valve 12 to support the battery cell assembly 2, thereby reducing the battery life under different working conditions.
  • the flipping piece 121 is placed in the hollow area of the first insulating sheet 4, so that the flipping piece 121 can be welded with the first collector plate 3, and the bottom wall 111 can only be placed between the first collector plate 3 by the flipping piece 121.
  • the first insulating sheet 4 can be used to isolate the cell assembly 1 from the bottom wall 111 except for the area connected to the first collecting plate 3, so that the first collecting plate 3 is disconnected from the flipping sheet 121 Afterwards, the first collector plate 3 and the cell assembly 2 are completely disconnected from the bottom wall 111 .
  • the turning piece 121 can be directly integrated on the bottom wall 111 , so as to facilitate the connection between the turning piece 121 and the bottom wall 111 and reduce the complexity of the process.
  • the turning piece 121 may be connected to the bottom wall 111 through a connecting component such as a connecting piece.
  • both the bottom wall 111 and the first insulating sheet 4 are provided with liquid injection holes 123 , and the liquid injection holes 123 on the bottom wall 4 and the liquid injection holes 123 on the first insulating sheet 4 are connected.
  • the battery further includes a seal 124 that is detachably disposed in the liquid injection hole 123 .
  • the liquid injection hole 123 on the bottom wall 111 and the liquid injection hole 123 on the first insulating sheet 4 may be an integral structure. Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , the liquid injection hole 123 is disposed on other areas of the bottom wall 111 except the turning piece 121 . The liquid injection hole 123 provided on the bottom wall 111 and the first insulating sheet 4 can increase the speed at which the electrolyte enters the cell assembly 2 . After the electrolyte injection is completed, the liquid injection hole 123 can be sealed by the sealing member 124 to avoid battery leakage.
  • the projection of the liquid injection hole 123 is placed within the projection of at least one second recess 34, so that the shielding of the liquid injection hole 123 by the first collector plate 3 can be reduced, so that The electrolyte can quickly enter the battery cell assembly 2 through the liquid injection hole 123 and the second concave portion 34 to improve the liquid injection efficiency.
  • the first collector plate 3 is provided with an elastic connecting portion 35; along the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the connecting portion 35 is located on the first collector plate 3 and the housing 1; and along the first direction, the connecting portion 35 abuts against the side of the first insulating sheet 4 close to the cell assembly 2 .
  • the second direction may be the thickness direction of the battery.
  • the connection part may be in the shape of a "W" or a wavy cross-section, so that the connection part 35 has better elasticity.
  • the connecting portion 35 abuts against the top of the elastic insulating sheet 4 , and when the battery vibrates, the connecting portion 35 can play a role of cushioning and anti-vibration, effectively reducing the risk of desoldering at the welding site.
  • the connecting portion 35 can be processed by stamping.
  • the bottom wall 111 and the explosion-proof valve 12 are integrally formed.
  • the casing 1 with the explosion-proof valve 12 can be formed by integrally forming the explosion-proof valve 12 and the bottom wall 111 .
  • the integral forming method includes processing methods such as integral stamping.
  • the one-piece molding method can reduce the cumbersome bottom cover assembly process, improve production reliability, and avoid battery leakage caused by poor packaging.
  • the second pole piece includes a second empty foil region that is not coated with active material.
  • the top cover assembly 13 includes a second collector tray 131, and the second collector tray 131 is electrically connected to the second empty foil area.
  • the second empty foil area may be an area with a certain width on the side of the second pole piece away from the bottom wall 111 along the width direction, and the second empty foil area extends along the length direction of the second pole piece.
  • the second current collecting plate 131 is electrically connected to the second empty foil area, that is, the tab is formed after the second empty foil area is kneaded and processed, and then the tab is electrically connected to the second current collecting plate 131 by means of welding or the like.
  • the top cover assembly 13 further includes a pole structure 132 and a top cover 133; the pole structure 132 is connected to the side of the second collector plate 131 away from the second pole piece ; The top cover 133 is connected to the side of the pole structure 132 away from the second collector plate 131 .
  • one side of the pole structure 132 is used for electrical connection with the second current collecting plate 131, and the other side is connected with the top cover 133 and extends out of the housing 1, so that the second current collecting plate 131 will The positive or negative current in the electrode assembly 2 is drawn out.
  • the top cover 133 may be provided with a through hole corresponding to the pole structure 132 , so that the pole structure 132 can extend out of the casing 1 through the through hole.
  • the pole structure may be made of copper, nickel or nickel-plated copper.
  • the top cover assembly 13 further includes a sealant layer 134 and a second insulating sheet 135 .
  • the sealant layer 134 is located between the pole structure 132 and the top cover 133 , and the pole structure 132 and the top cover 133 are connected through the sealant layer 134 .
  • the second insulating sheet 135 has a ring-shaped structure with a hollow area. The second insulating sheet 135 is arranged on the side of the second current collecting plate 131 away from the top cover 133, and viewed along the first direction, the pole structure 132 is placed on the second In the hollow area of the insulating sheet 135 .
  • the sealant layer 134 is used to connect the pole structure 132 and the top cover 133 .
  • the connection method of the top cover 133, the sealant layer 134 and the pole structure 132 can be thermal composite connection, that is, the sealant layer 134 is made viscous by heating, thereby connecting the top cover 133 and the pole structure 132, the process complexity lower.
  • the sealant layer 134 is also used for sealing between the pole structure 132 and the top cover 133 .
  • the sealant layer 134 may adopt one or more composite materials such as PP (polypropylene, polypropylene), PE (polyethene, polyethylene), PS (polystyrene, polystyrene), and the like.
  • the top cover 133 can be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • the pole structure 132 is placed in the hollow area of the second insulating sheet 135, so that the pole structure 132 can be welded with the second current collecting plate 131, and other areas of the top cover assembly 13 except the pole structure 132 are covered by the second insulating sheet. 135 is not electrically connected to the second current collecting plate 131 , that is, the second insulating sheet 135 can be used to isolate the cell assembly 1 from the top cover assembly 13 except for areas connected to the second current collecting plate 135 .
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electric device, and the electric device includes the battery in the above embodiment of the first aspect.
  • batteries are used to supply power to electrical devices, such as notebook computers, pen-input computers, mobile computers, e-book players, portable phones, portable fax machines, portable copiers, portable printers, and head-mounted stereo earphones.
  • electrical devices such as notebook computers, pen-input computers, mobile computers, e-book players, portable phones, portable fax machines, portable copiers, portable printers, and head-mounted stereo earphones.
  • VCR LCD TV
  • Portable Cleaner Portable CD Player, Mini Disc, Transceiver, Electronic Notepad, Calculator, Memory Card, Portable Recorder, Radio, Backup Power, Motor, Automobile, Motorcycle, Assisted Bicycle, Bicycle , Lighting appliances, toys, game consoles, clocks, electric tools, flashlights, cameras, large household batteries and lithium-ion capacitors, etc.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 is arranged on the bottom wall 111 of the casing 1.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 The turning piece 121 of 12 is turned outward relative to the first collecting plate 3 under the action of the internal and external pressure difference, so that the turning piece 121 is separated from the first collecting plate 3 when turning over, disconnecting it from the first collecting plate 3, thereby reducing the potential safety hazard of thermal failure of the battery due to excessive pressure and improving battery safety.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 is arranged on the bottom wall 111 of the battery, and there is no need to set a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, saving the space inside the battery and increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • a pressure relief safety mechanism such as a jaw structure at the position of the top cover assembly of the battery, saving the space inside the battery and increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the turning piece 121 is turned over due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside, the first collecting plate 3 is disconnected from the turning piece 121 and the first collecting plate 3 is disconnected from the bottom wall 111 at the same time, so as to realize the battery assembly 2
  • the current cut-off between the case 1 and the current cut-off device separately provided in the top cover assembly 13 in the related art is omitted, so the space utilization rate in the height direction of the battery can be improved, thereby increasing the energy density in the height direction of the battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本公开实施例提供一种电池及用电装置，该电池包括壳体、电芯组件、第一集流盘及防爆阀；壳体包括主体部和与主体部连接的顶盖组件，主体部的远离顶盖组件的一端具有底壁；电芯组件设置在壳体内，电芯组件包括第一极片、第二极片及位于第一极片及第二极片间的隔膜层，第一极片包括未涂覆活性物质的第一空箔区；第一集流盘设置在壳体内，第一集流盘的一侧与第一空箔区电连接；防爆阀设置于底壁，防爆阀包括翻转片，翻转片与第一集流盘远离第一空箔区一侧连接，翻转片配置为可相对所述第一集流盘发生翻转，以使翻转片与第一集流盘断开连接。

Description

一种电池及用电装置 技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
圆柱电池由于具有高能量密度和高性价比，已经在乘用车、物流车等方面得到了广泛的应用。目前，成熟的圆柱电池内部一般都设置了泄压安全机构。对于圆柱电池内部短路导致的温度异常和气压升高的情况，当气压升高到预警值时，该泄压安全机构可以排出圆柱电池内部气体，避免圆柱电池因压力过高而发生爆炸。
但是，现有的泄压安全机构都是通过钳口结构与电池的顶盖组件集成在一起。这样钳口结构的泄压机构占用了电池太多空间，影响电池的能量密度。
发明内容
本公开实施例的目的在于提供一种电池，以提高电池的安全性，并能提高电池的能量密度。具体技术方案如下：
本公开实施例提供一种电池，包括壳体、电芯组件、第一集流盘及防爆阀。其中，所述壳体包括主体部和与所述主体部连接的顶盖组件，所述主体部的远离所述顶盖组件的一端具有底壁；所述电芯组件设置在所述壳体内，所述电芯组件包括第一极片、第二极片及位于所述第一极片及所述第二极片间的隔膜层，所述第一极片包括未涂覆活性物质的第一空箔区；所述第一集流盘设置在所述壳体内，所述第一集流盘的一侧与所述第一空箔区电连接；所述防爆阀设置于所述底壁，所述防爆阀包括翻转片，所述翻转片与所述第一集流盘远离所述第一电连接面的一侧连接，所述翻转片配置为可相对所述第一集流盘发生翻转，以使所述翻转片与所述第一集流盘断开连接。
本公开实施例提供的电池中，防爆阀设置于壳体的底壁上，当电池内部发生因电芯组件短路导致热失控产气较大等现象时，防爆阀的翻转片在内外压差的作用下向相对于第一集流盘外发生翻转，使得翻转片在翻转时与第一集流盘分离，断开其与第一集流盘之间的电连接。此时，电池的电芯组件、第一集流盘、防爆阀和壳体形成的通路断开，电池不再对外输出电流。这样， 可以防止电池继续短路及持续产生气体，从而降低电池因压力过高而发生热失效的安全隐患，提高电池安全性。将防爆阀设置于电池的底壁上，无需在电池的顶盖组件位置设置钳口结构等泄压安全机构，节省电池内部的空间，提高电池的能量密度。并且当翻转片因内外压差发生翻转时，第一集流盘与翻转片断开连接的同时可使第一集流盘与底壁断开连接，从而实现电芯组件与壳体之间的电流切断，省去了相关技术中单独在顶盖组件设置的电流切断装置，因此可以提高电池高度方向的空间利用率，从而进一步提升电池高度方向的能量密度。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一集流盘包括与所述翻转片连接的第一区域，所述第一集流盘的靠近所述电芯组件的一侧设有第一刻痕，且沿垂直于所述底壁的第一方向，所述第一刻痕的投影至少部分落入所述第一区域的投影内。第一刻痕可以降低第一集流盘上设置第一刻痕处的机械强度，从而在翻转片翻转时更易拉断第一集流盘与翻转片的连接区域，断开第一集流盘与翻转片的连接，从而进一步提高电池的安全性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一集流盘上靠近所述电芯组件的一侧设有第一凹部，所述第一刻痕设置在所述第一凹部内，且所述第一凹部远离所述第一集流盘的一侧与所述翻转片连接。第一凹部可以使第一集流盘上第一凹部处的厚度小于第一集流盘上除第一凹部之外的区域的厚度，将第一刻痕设置于第一凹部内，可以在设置第一刻痕的基础上，进一步降低第一集流盘与翻转片的连接强度，进一步提高电池的安全性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述翻转片远离所述电芯组件的一侧设有第二刻痕。第二刻痕可以降低翻转片在第二刻痕处的机械强度，使翻转片在第二刻痕处快速断裂，进一步提高电池的安全性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第二刻痕呈圆弧状。圆弧状没有棱角且较为平滑的圆弧状，从而降低翻转片在翻转过程中与底壁的其他区域产生碰撞等干扰现象的概率。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述壳体具有沿垂直于底壁的第一方向延伸的中心线，沿所述第一方向观察，所述第一集流盘包括至少一个朝向所述中心线内凹的第二凹部。第二凹部可以使电解液向电芯组件内部的快速浸润渗 透。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池还包括；第一绝缘片，所述第一绝缘片呈具有中空区域的环状结构，沿所述第一方向，所述第一绝缘片设置在所述第一集流盘与所述防爆阀之间，且沿所述第一方向观察，所述翻转片置于所述第一绝缘片的中空区域内。第一绝缘片可以用于隔离电芯组件除与第一集流盘连接的其他区域与底壁，使得第一集流盘与翻转片断开连接后，第一集流盘及电芯组件与底壁完全断开连接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述底壁及所述第一绝缘片上均设置有注液孔，且所述底壁上的注液孔及所述第一绝缘片上的注液孔连通；所述电池还包括密封件，所述密封件可拆卸地设置于所述注液孔内。注液孔可以提高电解液进入电芯组件的速度。当电解液注液完成后，可以通过密封件对注液孔进行封装，避免电池漏液。
在本公开的一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述注液孔的投影置于所述至少一个第二凹部的投影内。这可以降低第一集流盘对注液孔的遮挡，使得电解液可经由注液孔及第二凹部快速进入电芯组件内，提高注液效率。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一集流盘设置具有弹性的连接部，沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向上，所述连接部位于所述第一集流盘的第一凹部与所述壳体之间，且沿所述第一方向上，所述连接部抵靠于所述第一绝缘片靠近所述电芯组件的一侧。连接部可起到缓冲防震作用，有效减少焊接部位出现脱焊的风险。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述底壁和所述防爆阀一体成型。采用一体成型的方式可减少繁琐的底盖装配工艺，提高生产可靠性，避免因封装不良造成电池漏液。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第二极片包括未涂覆活性物质的第二空箔区；所述顶盖组件包括第二集流盘，所述第二集流盘与所述第二空箔区电连接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述顶盖组件还包括极柱结构和顶盖，所述极柱结构与所述第二集流盘远离所述第二极片的一侧连接；所述顶盖与所述极柱结构远离所述第二集流盘的一侧连接。极柱结构用于通过第二集流盘将 电极组件中的正电流或负电流引出。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述顶盖组件还包括密封胶层和第二绝缘片：所述密封胶层位于所述极柱结构与所述顶盖之间，所述极柱结构与所述顶盖通过所述密封胶层连接；所述第二绝缘片呈具有中空区域的环状结构，所述第二绝缘片设置于所述第二集流盘远离所述顶盖的一侧，且沿垂直于所述底壁的第一方向观察，所述极柱结构置于所述第二绝缘片的中空区域内。第二绝缘片可以用于隔离电芯组件除与第二集流盘连接的其他区域与顶盖组件。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电芯组件为轴向卷绕结构或堆叠结构。
本公开第二方面的实施例提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述任一所述的电池。
本公开提供的技术方案的有益效果：
本公开实施例提供的方案中，当电池内部发生因电芯组件短路导致热失控产气较大等现象时，防爆阀的翻转片在内外压差的作用下向外发生翻转，使得翻转片在翻转时与第一集流盘分离，断开其与第一集流盘之间的电连接。此时，电池的电芯组件、第一集流盘、防爆阀和壳体形成的通路断开，电池不再对外输出电流。这样，可以防止电池继续短路及持续产生气体，从而降低电池因压力过高而发生热失效的安全隐患，提高电池安全性。将防爆阀设置于电池的底壁上，无需在电池的顶盖组件位置设置钳口结构等泄压安全机构，节省电池内部的空间，提高电池的能量密度。并且当翻转片因内外压差发生翻转时，第一集流盘与翻转片断开连接的同时可使第一集流盘与底壁断开连接，从而实现电芯组件与壳体之间的电流切断，省去了相关技术中单独在顶盖组件设置的电流切断装置，因此可以提高电池高度方向的空间利用率，从而进一步提升电池高度方向的能量密度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例和相关技术的技术方案，下面对实施例和相关技术中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的实施例。
图1是本公开实施例提供的一种电池的一种分解示意图；
图2是图1电池中第一集流盘的一种结构示意图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的一种电池的剖视图；
图4是图3局部Ⅰ的一种结构的放大示意图；
图5是图3局部Ⅰ的另一种结构的放大示意图；
图6是图5中翻转片翻转后的结构示意图；
图7是图6中翻转片翻转并断裂的结构示意图；
图8为是本公开实施例提供的一种电池的另一种分解示意图。
图中各标号的说明如下：
1—壳体，11—主体部，111-底壁，12—防爆阀，121—翻转片，1211—第二刻痕，123—注液孔，124—密封件，13—顶盖组件，131-第二集流盘，132-极柱结构，133-顶盖，134-密封胶层，135第二绝缘片；
2—电芯组件；
3—第一集流盘，31—第一刻痕、32—第一凹部、33—凸台、34—第二凹部、35—连接部；
4—第一绝缘片；
5—排气通道。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
为了提高电池的安全性，本公开实施例提供一种电池。下面结合附图对本公开提供的电池进行详细说明。其中，电池包括但不限于圆柱电池、方形电池等。其中，图5至图7是图3中电池局部Ⅰ的放大示意图，图中箭头指示的方向是电池内部热失控所产生的气体的流动方向。
如图1至图7所示，本公开实施例提供一种电池，包括壳体1、电芯组件2、第一集流盘3及防爆阀12。
壳体1包括主体部11和与主体部11连接的顶盖组件13，主体部11远离顶盖组件的一端具有底壁111。
电芯组件2设置在壳体1内，电芯组件2包括第一极片、第二极片及位于第一极片及第二极片之间的隔膜层。第一极片包括未涂覆活性物质的第一空箔区。
第一集流盘3设置在壳体1内，第一集流盘3的一侧与第一空箔区电连接。
防爆阀12设置于底壁111，防爆阀包括翻转片121，翻转片121与第一集流盘3的远离第一空箔区的一侧连接；翻转片121配置为可相对于第一集流盘3发生偏转，以使翻转片121与第一集流盘3断开连接。
其中，壳体1可以为金属壳体，壳体1可以采用金属铝、铜等良导体制作而成。此外，由于铝具有密度小等优点，优选的，壳体1的材料可以为铝或铝合金。
第一极片可以为正积极片或负极极片，第二极片也可以为正极极片或负极极片，且第一极片及第二极片的极性相反。隔膜层可以用于隔离正负极片以起到电子绝缘作用，还可以用于保证电解液内的离子自由通过从而形成电回路。第一极片包括不具有活性物质层的第一空箔区，第一空箔区可以为第一极片沿宽度方向上靠近底壁111的一侧的具有一定宽度的区域，且第一空箔区沿第一极片的长度方向延伸。第一集流盘3与第一空箔区电连接，也就是在第一空箔区经揉平等工艺加工后形成极耳，然后极耳通过焊接等方式与第一集流盘3电连接。
本公开实施例提供的方案中，如图3、图5和图6所示，防爆阀12设置于壳体1的底壁111上，当电池内部因电芯组件2短路导致热失控产气较大等现象时，防爆阀12的翻转片121在内外压差的作用下向相对于第一集流盘3向外翻转，使得翻转片121在翻转时与第一集流盘3分离，断开其与第一集流盘3之间的电连接，从而降低电池因压力过高而发生热失效的安全隐患， 提高电池安全性。将防爆阀12设置于电池的底壁111上，无需在电池的顶盖组件位置设置钳口结构等泄压安全机构，节省电池内部的空间，提高电池的能量密度。并且当翻转片121因内外压差发生翻转时，第一集流盘3与翻转片121断开连接的同时可使第一集流盘3与底壁111断开连接，从而实现电芯组件2与壳体1之间的电流切断，省去了相关技术中单独在顶盖组件13设置的电流切断装置，因此可以提高电池高度方向的空间利用率，从而提升电池高度方向的能量密度。
此外，翻转片121与第一集流盘3断开连接后，电池的电芯组件2、第一集流盘3、防爆阀12和壳体1形成的通路断开，电池不再对外输出电流。这样，可以防止电池继续短路及持续产生气体，从而消除电池因压力过高而发生热失效的安全隐患。并且防爆阀12与第一集流盘3分离可以形成排气通道5，可以容纳电池内部产生的一定体积的气体，缓冲电芯组件2短路产生的内部膨胀力。可见，通过本方案可以提高电池的安全性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图2所示，第一集流盘3包括与翻转片121连接的第一区域，第一集流盘3的靠近电芯组件2的一侧设有第一刻痕31，且沿垂直于底壁111的第一方向，第一刻痕31的投影至少部分落入第一区域内。
本公开实施例中，第一方向可以为电池的高度方向。沿第一方向第一刻痕31的投影至少部分落入第一区域内，也就是第一刻痕31的至少部分结构设置于第一集流盘3与翻转片121的连接处。进一步的，沿第一方向第一刻痕31的投影完全落入第一区域的投影内。通过在第一集流盘3与翻转片121的连接区域上设置第一刻痕31，可以降低第一集流盘3上设置第一刻痕31处的机械强度，从而在翻转片121翻转时更易拉断第一集流盘3与翻转片121的连接区域，断开第一集流盘3与翻转片121的连接，从而进一步提高电池的安全性。具体而言，当第一集流盘3与翻转片121通过激光等方式焊接时，第一刻痕31可以使第一集流盘3与翻转片121之间的焊点更易拉断。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图2所示，第一集流盘3上靠近电芯组件2的一侧设有第一凹部32，第一刻痕31设置在第一凹部32内，且第一凹部32远离第一第一集流盘3的一侧与翻转片121连接。
本公开实施例中，第一集流盘3上设置有第一凹部32，且沿由顶盖组件13至底壁111的方向观察时，第一凹部32朝向防爆阀12凹陷。通过在第一集流盘3上设置第一凹部32，可以使第一集流盘3上第一凹部32处的厚度小于第一集流盘3上除第一凹部32之外的区域的厚度，将第一刻痕31设置于第一凹部32内，可以在设置第一刻痕31的基础上，进一步降低第一集流盘3与翻转片121的连接强度，在翻转片121翻转时更易拉断第一集流盘3与翻转片121的连接，进一步提高电池的安全性。
进一步的，第一凹部32可以包括凹槽等。第一凹部32可以通过冲压工艺对第一集流盘3进行冲压形成。相对应的，沿由底壁111至顶盖组件13的方向观察时，第一凹部32为朝向防爆阀12凸起的凸台33，第一凹部32远离电芯组件2的一侧与翻转片121连接，也就是凸台33靠近防爆阀12一侧的顶面与翻转片121连接。凸台33可以为第一集流盘3提供连接的平台，方便第一集流盘3与翻转片121的连接。具体而言，当第一集流盘3与翻转片121通过激光等方式焊接时，设置的凸台33承接翻转片121，便于在第一集流盘3与翻转片121之间施焊。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图5至图7所示，翻转片121远离电芯组件2的一侧设有第二刻痕1211。
本公开实施例在翻转片121上设置第二刻痕1211，可以降低翻转片121在第二刻痕1211处的机械强度。当翻转片121翻转与第一集流盘3分离后，能够使翻转片121在第二刻痕1211处快速断裂，从而及时释放电池内部产生的气体，卸除电芯组件2短路产生的内部膨胀力，从而进一步提高电池的安全性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第二刻痕1211呈圆弧状。使得翻转片121在电池内部压力的冲击下在第二刻痕1211处断开时，断开处呈没有棱角且较为平滑的圆弧状，从而降低翻转片121在翻转过程中与底壁111的其他区域产生碰撞等干扰现象的概率。进一步的，第二刻痕1211可以呈半圆状。更进一步的，第二刻痕1211可以为优弧状，即第二刻痕1211对应的角度可以大于180度。
在本公开的一些实施例中，壳体1具有沿垂直于底壁111的第一方向延 伸的中心线，沿第一方向观察，第一集流盘3包括至少一个朝向中心线内凹的第二凹部34。
本公开实施例中，当电池为柱状电池时，壳体1呈圆柱状，中心线L也就是壳体1的轴线。在第一集流盘3上设置的第二凹部34可以起到渗液孔的作用，通过该第二凹部34可以使电解液向电芯组件2内部的快速浸润渗透。其中，第二凹部的34的数量可以为多个，例如图2中可以设置三个第二凹部34。本公开实施例对第二凹部34的尺寸不做具体限定，实际应用中可以根据需要灵活设置。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图1所示，电池还包括第一绝缘片4，第一绝缘片4呈具有中空区域的环状结构，沿第一方向，第一绝缘片4设置在第一集流盘3与防爆阀12之间，且沿第一方向观察，翻转片121置于第一绝缘片4的中空区域内。
本公开实施例中，第一绝缘片4可以为弹性结构。第一绝缘片4设置在第一集流盘3与防爆阀12之间，第一绝缘片4可以抵接在防爆阀12的上方，对电芯组件2进行支撑，从而降低电池在不同工况下的频繁振动造成的焊接部位脱焊的风险。并且，翻转片121置于第一绝缘片4的中空区域内，使得翻转片121可以与第一集流盘3焊接，且底壁111仅由翻转片121处于第一集流盘3之间能够电连接，也就是，第一绝缘片4可以用于隔离电芯组件1除与第一集流盘3连接的其他区域与底壁111，使得第一集流盘3与翻转片121断开连接后，第一集流盘3及电芯组件2与底壁111完全断开连接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，翻转片121可直接集成于底壁111上，从而便于翻转片121与底壁111的连接，降低工艺复杂度。此外，如图1所示，翻转片121可以通过连接片等连接组件与底壁111连接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，底壁111及第一绝缘片4上均设置有注液孔123，且底壁4上的注液孔123及第一绝缘片4上的注液孔123连通。电池还包括密封件124，密封件124可拆卸地设置于注液孔123内。
本公开实施例中，底壁111上的注液孔123及第一绝缘片4上的注液孔123可以为一体结构。进一步的，如图1所示，注液孔123设置于于底壁111 除翻转片121之外的其他区域。设置在底壁111及第一绝缘片4上的注液孔123，可以提高电解液进入电芯组件2的速度。当电解液注液完成后，可以通过密封件124对注液孔123进行封装，避免电池漏液。
在本公开的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，注液孔123的投影置于至少一个第二凹部34的投影内，从而可以降低第一集流盘3对注液孔123的遮挡，使得电解液可经由注液孔123及第二凹部34快速进入电芯组件2内，提高注液效率。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图4所示，第一集流盘3设置具有弹性的连接部35；沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向上，连接部35位于第一集流盘3的第一凹部与壳体1之间；且沿第一方向上，连接部35抵靠于第一绝缘片4靠近电芯组件2的一侧。
本公开实施例中，第二方向可以为电池的厚度方向。如图4和图5所示，连接部可以为“W”形或横截面为波浪形等形状的结构，以使连接部具35具有较好的弹性。参见图4，连接部35抵接于弹性绝缘片4上方，当电池发生振动时，该连接部35可起到缓冲防震作用，有效减少焊接部位出现脱焊的风险。其中，连接部35可以通过冲压的方式加工而成。
在本公开的一些实施例中，底壁111和防爆阀12一体成型。
本公开实施例中，通过防爆阀12与底壁111采用一体成型方式，可以形成带有防爆阀12的壳体1。其中，一体成型方式包括一体冲压等加工方式。采用一体成型的方式可减少繁琐的底盖装配工艺，提高生产可靠性，避免因封装不良造成电池漏液。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第二极片包括未涂覆活性物质的第二空箔区。顶盖组件13包括第二集流盘131，第二集流盘131与第二空箔区电连接。
本公开实施例中第二空箔区可以为第二极片沿宽度方向上远离底壁111的一侧的具有一定宽度的区域，且第二空箔区沿第二极片的长度方向延伸。第二集流盘131与第二空箔区电连接，也就是在第二空箔区经揉平等工艺加工后形成极耳，然后极耳通过焊接等方式与第二集流盘131电连接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图8所示，顶盖组件13还包括极柱结构132 及顶盖133；极柱结构132与第二集流盘131远离第二极片的一侧连接；顶盖133与极柱结构132远离第二集流盘131的一侧连接。
本公开实施例中，极柱结构132的一侧用于与第二集流盘131电连接，另一侧与顶盖133连接且延伸出壳体1外，从而通过第二集流盘131将电极组件2中的正电流或负电流引出。进一步的，顶盖133上可以设置有与极柱结构132相对应的通孔，使得极柱结构132可经由通孔延伸出壳体1外。其中，极柱结构可以采用铜、镍或者铜镀镍材质等。
一些实施例中，如图8所示，顶盖组件13还包括密封胶层134及第二绝缘片135。密封胶层134位于极柱结构132与顶盖133之间，极柱结构132与顶盖133通过密封胶层134连接。第二绝缘片135呈具有中空区域的环状结构，第二绝缘片135设置于第二集流盘131远离顶盖133的一侧，且沿第一方向观察，极柱结构132置于第二绝缘片135的中空区域内。
本公开实施例中，密封胶层134用于连接极柱结构132及顶盖133。进一步的，顶盖133、密封胶层134及极柱结构132的连接方式可以为热复合连接，即通过加热使密封胶层134具有粘性，从而连接顶盖133及极柱结构132，工艺复杂度较低。密封胶层134还用于在极柱结构132及顶盖133之间起密封作用。其中，密封胶层134可以采用PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)、PE(polyethene，聚乙烯)、PS(Polystyrene，聚苯乙烯)等复合材料中的一种或多种。顶盖133可以采用铝材或铝合金等。
极柱结构132置于第二绝缘片135的中空区域内，使得极柱结构132可以与第二集流盘131焊接，且顶盖组件13除极柱结构132外的其他区域因第二绝缘片135的遮挡均不予与第二集流盘131电连接，也就是，第二绝缘片135可以用于隔离电芯组件1除与第二集流盘135连接的其他区域与顶盖组件13。
本公开第二方面的实施例提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述第一方面的实施例中的电池。
本公开实施例中，电池用于向用电装置供能，笔记本电脑、笔输入型计算机、移动电脑、电子书播放器、便携式电话、便携式传真机、便携式复印机、便携式打印机、头戴式立体声耳机、录像机、液晶电视、手提式清洁器、 便携CD机、迷你光盘、收发机、电子记事本、计算器、存储卡、便携式录音机、收音机、备用电源、电机、汽车、摩托车、助力自行车、自行车、照明器具、玩具、游戏机、钟表、电动工具、闪光灯、照相机、家庭用大型蓄电池和锂离子电容器等。
本公开实施例提供的用电装置包括的电池中，防爆阀12设置于壳体1的底壁111上，当电池内部因电芯组件2短路导致热失控产气较大等现象时，防爆阀12的翻转片121在内外压差的作用下向相对于第一集流盘3向外翻转，使得翻转片121在翻转时与第一集流盘3分离，断开其与第一集流盘3之间的电连接，从而降低电池因压力过高而发生热失效的安全隐患，提高电池安全性。将防爆阀12设置于电池的底壁111上，无需在电池的顶盖组件位置设置钳口结构等泄压安全机构，节省电池内部的空间，提高电池的能量密度。并且当翻转片121因内外压差发生翻转时，第一集流盘3与翻转片121断开连接的同时可使第一集流盘3与底壁111断开连接，从而实现电芯组件2与壳体1之间的电流切断，省去了相关技术中单独在顶盖组件13设置的电流切断装置，因此可以提高电池高度方向的空间利用率，从而提升电池高度方向的能量密度。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本公开的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本公开并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池，其中，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体包括主体部和与所述主体部连接的顶盖组件，所述主体部的远离所述顶盖组件的一端具有底壁；
    电芯组件，所述电芯组件设置在所述壳体内，所述电芯组件包括第一极片、第二极片及位于所述第一极片及所述第二极片间的隔膜层，所述第一极片包括未涂覆活性物质的第一空箔区；
    第一集流盘，所述第一集流盘设置在所述壳体内，所述第一集流盘的一侧与所述第一空箔区电连接；
    防爆阀，所述防爆阀设置于所述底壁，所述防爆阀包括翻转片，所述翻转片与所述第一集流盘远离所述第一空箔区一侧连接，所述翻转片配置为可相对所述第一集流盘发生翻转，以使所述翻转片与所述第一集流盘断开连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述第一集流盘包括与所述翻转片连接的第一区域，所述第一集流盘的靠近所述电芯组件的一侧设有第一刻痕，且沿垂直于所述底壁的第一方向，所述第一刻痕的投影至少部分落入所述第一区域的投影内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其中，所述第一集流盘上靠近所述电芯组件的一侧设有第一凹部，所述第一刻痕设置在所述第一凹部内，且所述第一凹部远离所述电芯组件的一侧与所述翻转片连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，所述翻转片远离所述电芯组件的一侧设有第二刻痕。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，所述第二刻痕呈圆弧状。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其中，所述壳体具有沿垂直于底壁的第一方向延伸的中心线，沿所述第一方向观察，所述第一集流盘包括至少一个朝向所述中心线内凹的第二凹部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括第一绝缘片，所述第一绝缘片呈具有中空区域的环状结构，沿所述第一方向，所述第一绝缘片设置在所述第一集流盘与所述防爆阀之间，且沿所述第一方向观察，所述翻转片置于所述第一绝缘片的中空区域内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其中，所述底壁及所述第一绝缘片上均设置有注液孔，且所述底壁上的注液孔及所述第一绝缘片上的注液孔连通；
    所述电池还包括密封件，所述密封件可拆卸地设置于所述注液孔内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述注液孔的投影置于所述至少一个第二凹部的投影内。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其中，所述第一集流盘设置具有弹性的连接部，沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向上，所述连接部位于所述第一集流盘的第一凹部与所述壳体之间，且沿所述第一方向上，所述连接部抵靠于所述第一绝缘片靠近所述电芯组件的一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述底壁和所述防爆阀一体成型。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述第二极片包括未涂覆活性物质的第二空箔区；
    所述顶盖组件包括第二集流盘，所述第二集流盘与所述第二空箔区电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述顶盖组件还包括：
    极柱结构，所述极柱结构与所述第二集流盘远离所述第二极片的一侧连接；
    顶盖，所述顶盖与所述极柱结构远离所述第二集流盘的一侧连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池，其中，所述顶盖组件还包括：
    密封胶层，所述密封胶层位于所述极柱结构与所述顶盖之间，所述极柱结构与所述顶盖通过所述密封胶层连接；
    第二绝缘片，所述第二绝缘片呈具有中空区域的环状结构，所述第二绝缘片设置于所述第二集流盘远离所述顶盖的一侧，且沿垂直于所述底壁的第一方向观察，所述极柱结构置于所述第二绝缘片的中空区域内。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电芯组件为轴向卷绕结构或堆叠结构。
  16. 一种用电装置，其中，所述用电装置包括权利要求1至15任一项所述的电池。
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