WO2023127294A1 - 二次電池用正極、及び二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極、及び二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technology for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery and a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a composition formula Li x Ni 1-y Co y-z M z O 2-a X b (M is at least Al ), the a-axis lattice constant measured by X-ray diffraction is 2.81 to 2.91 ⁇ , the c-axis lattice constant is 13.7 to 14.4 ⁇ , and the diffraction of the (104) plane
- a positive electrode active material is disclosed in which the ratio of the peak intensity to the peak intensity of the (003) plane is 0.3 to 0.8.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery and a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery that can increase the capacity of the secondary battery.
- a positive electrode for a secondary battery includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode mixture layer is formed by agglomeration of primary particles.
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- a method for producing a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a first step of baking a mixture containing a lithium compound and a compound containing a metal element other than lithium to obtain a lithium-containing composite oxide; and a second step of mixing the lithium-containing composite oxide obtained in the first step and a solution in which an Nb compound is dissolved, and firing the resulting mixture.
- a method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery and a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery that can increase the capacity of a secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an ion intensity curve of Nb in a depth profile obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) of a cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment.
- the battery case 15 is composed of a bottomed cylindrical case body 16 and a sealing member 17 that closes the opening of the case body 16 .
- the wound electrode body 14 another form of electrode body such as a stacked electrode body in which positive and negative electrodes are alternately stacked via a separator may be applied.
- Examples of the battery case 15 include cylindrical, rectangular, coin-shaped, button-shaped, and other metal cases, and resin cases formed by laminating resin sheets (so-called laminate type).
- the electrolyte is, for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents include esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and mixed solvents of two or more thereof.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product obtained by substituting at least part of the hydrogen atoms of these solvents with halogen atoms such as fluorine.
- a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 is used as the electrolyte salt.
- the electrolyte is not limited to a liquid electrolyte, and may be a solid electrolyte using a gel polymer or the like.
- the case body 16 is, for example, a bottomed cylindrical metal container.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the case body 16 and the sealing member 17 to ensure hermeticity inside the battery.
- the case main body 16 has an overhanging portion 22 that supports the sealing member 17, for example, a portion of the side surface overhanging inward.
- the projecting portion 22 is preferably annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the case main body 16 and supports the sealing body 17 on the upper surface thereof.
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which a filter 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are layered in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing member 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except for the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected to each other at their central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
- the lower valve body 24 deforms and breaks so as to push the upper valve body 26 upward toward the cap 27 side, breaking the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 .
- the current path between is interrupted.
- the upper valve body 26 is broken and the gas is discharged from the opening of the cap 27 .
- the positive electrode lead 20 attached to the positive electrode 11 extends through the through hole of the insulating plate 18 toward the sealing member 17
- the negative electrode lead 21 attached to the negative electrode 12 extends through the insulating plate 19 . It extends to the bottom side of the case body 16 through the outside.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the filter 23, which is the bottom plate of the sealing member 17, by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing member 17 electrically connected to the filter 23, serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the case body 16 by welding or the like, and the case body 16 serves as a negative terminal.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 are described in detail below.
- the positive electrode 11 includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain a conductive material, a binder, and the like.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, etc. is applied onto the positive electrode current collector and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer on the positive electrode current collector. and rolling the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be provided on one surface of the positive electrode current collector, or may be provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector a foil of a metal such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode, or a film in which the metal is placed on the surface can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector has a thickness of, for example, about 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material contains a lithium-containing composite oxide composed of secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide has a composition formula: Li x Ni y M (1-y) O 2 (wherein x and y are 1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, 0 .5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0, and M includes at least one of Mn, Co, Al, and Fe.).
- M in the composition formula may contain other elements as long as it contains at least one of Mn, Co, Al, and Fe.
- Other elements include, for example, Zr, B, Mg, Sc, Y, Ti, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Sn, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mo, Si, V, Hf, Ta, Nb etc. are mentioned.
- composition of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be confirmed by Rietveld analysis of the parameters obtained by inductively coupled plasma emission analysis and powder X-ray diffraction.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide contains the Nb element.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide is 1 ⁇ m or less, and the depth profile obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) of the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer has the following characteristics. .
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- an ion beam primary ions
- Secondary ions are mass-separated using their flight time difference (the flight time is proportional to the square root of the weight).
- the depth profile by TOF-SIMS is to perform TOF-SIMS on the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer and measure the ion intensity with respect to the depth of the positive electrode mixture layer (distance in the thickness direction from the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer). It is an ion intensity curve obtained by doing.
- the depth profile (ionic strength curve) is a curve with the depth of the positive electrode mixture layer on the horizontal axis and the ionic strength on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an ion intensity curve of Nb in a depth profile obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) of a cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- I min is the minimum ionic strength of Nb in the region A (region from the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer to 500 nm in the thickness direction) of the positive electrode mixture layer shown in FIG. 2 (the region from 500 nm in the thickness direction to 1000 nm in the thickness direction from the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer) of the positive electrode mixture layer shown in Fig. 2.
- I max is the maximum ionic strength of Nb
- I max /I min is 1.5 or more.
- I max /I min when the amount of Nb dissolved in the primary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide is small, or when the Nb element is unevenly distributed on the surfaces of the primary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide, I max /I min is 1.5. Although it becomes less than 5, the capacity improvement of a secondary battery cannot fully be aimed at in that case. In any case, from the point of view of improving the capacity of the secondary battery, I max /I min should be 1.5 or more, and more preferably 1.8 or more.
- the upper limit of I max /I min is not particularly limited , but I min is often determined by the upper limit concentration of solid solution. It is preferable not to exceed 5, as the performance of is degraded.
- time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
- the positive electrode 11 is embedded in resin, and a cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer is produced by processing such as a cross-section polisher (CP).
- time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is performed on the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry irradiates the sample surface with an ion beam (primary ions), ionizes some of the molecules that make up the surface, and emits ions (secondary ions).
- the flight time is proportional to the square root of the weight
- the difference in flight time is proportional to the square root of the weight
- sputtered ions (O 2 + ) and primary ions (Bi 3 + ) are alternately applied to the sample surface (cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer).
- the detected secondary ions (Nb ions: NbO 3 ⁇ ) are analyzed.
- TOF-SIMS TOF-SIMS 5 (manufactured by ION-TOF) Sputtered ion species: 16 O 2 + Sputter ion acceleration energy: 1 kV Sputtering area: 200 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m Probe ion species: 209 Bi 3 + Probe ion acceleration energy: 30 kV Measurement area: 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 50 ⁇ m Detected element: Negative Charge neutralization correction: None Number of scans: 200 Number of pixels: 256 x 256 Cycle time (measurement time per pixel/scan) 75 ⁇ s Post-stage acceleration: 9.5 kV Measured vacuum: 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mbar
- the average particle size of the primary particles in the lithium-containing composite oxide may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or less in that the capacity of the secondary battery can be further improved, but is preferably 0.2 to 0.7 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the average particle size of the primary particles in the lithium-containing composite oxide is obtained as follows. First, the positive electrode 11 is embedded in a resin, and a cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer is produced by cross-section polisher (CP) processing or the like to expose the cross section of the secondary particles. Then, the cross section of the secondary particles is photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and 30 primary particles are randomly selected from this cross-sectional SEM image. After observing the grain boundaries of the selected 30 primary particles and specifying the outer shape of the primary particles, the major diameter (maximum diameter) of each of the 30 primary particles is measured. Using this length as the particle diameter of the primary particles, the average particle diameter of the primary particles is determined.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average particle diameter of the secondary particles in the lithium-containing composite oxide is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m, in that the capacity of the secondary battery can be further improved.
- the average particle size of the secondary particles in the lithium-containing composite oxide is the volume average particle size measured by a laser diffraction method, and is the median size at which the volume integrated value is 50% in the particle size distribution.
- the average particle size of the secondary particles in the lithium-containing composite oxide can be measured by a laser diffraction method using, for example, MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.
- the amount of Nb element present in the positive electrode active material is, for example, 1% or less as a ratio to the total amount of Ni and M in the lithium-containing composite oxide in that the capacity of the secondary battery can be further improved. and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5%.
- the Nb element includes the Nb element that precipitates on the surface of the primary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide and the Nb element that dissolves in the primary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide. Therefore, the amount of Nb element present in the positive electrode active material includes the amount of Nb element present on the surface of the primary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide and the amount of Nb element dissolved in the primary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material of the present embodiment includes a first step of baking a mixture containing a lithium compound and a compound containing a metal element other than lithium to obtain a lithium-containing composite oxide, and a second step of mixing the obtained lithium-containing composite oxide with a solution in which the Nb compound is dissolved and firing the resulting mixture;
- Examples of the lithium compound in the first step include lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide.
- Metal element-containing compounds other than lithium include hydroxides and oxides containing transition metals such as Ni and Mn.
- the metal element-containing compound other than lithium is preferably a composite hydroxide or composite oxide containing Ni and Mn.
- a composite hydroxide containing Ni and Mn can be obtained, for example, by a known coprecipitation method or the like.
- the firing conditions for the mixture in the first step are, for example, preferably in air at a firing temperature in the range of 600°C to 1100°C for a firing time of 5 hours or more and 24 hours or less.
- the solution in which the Nb compound is dissolved in the second step is, for example, an alcohol solution in which niobium ethoxide is dissolved.
- the firing conditions for the mixture in the second step are, for example, preferably in air at a firing temperature in the range of 250°C to 650°C for a firing time of 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less.
- the above-described I max /I min is adjusted by adding a solution in which the Nb compound is dissolved, adjusting the firing temperature and firing time in the second step, etc. It becomes easy to control to 1.5 or more.
- the covering portion of the Nb element can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the baking temperature and baking time in the second step.
- the particle size of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be controlled by adjusting the firing temperature and firing time in the first step.
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, carbon-based particles such as graphite, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer includes, for example, fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resins, polyolefins, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC ) or salts thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resins, polyolefins, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC ) or salts thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode 12 includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector such as metal foil, and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode current collector such as metal foil
- a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the negative electrode current collector.
- a foil of a metal such as copper that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes, for example, a negative electrode active material, a binder, and the like.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. is applied onto the negative electrode current collector and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer on the negative electrode current collector. It is obtained by rolling the composite layer.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may be provided on one side of the negative electrode current collector, or may be provided on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material may be, for example, a material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions.
- metallic lithium lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-lead alloy, lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-tin alloy, etc. carbon materials such as lithium alloys, graphite, coke, and organic sintered bodies, and metal oxides such as SnO 2 , SnO, and TiO 2 . These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the binding material may be, for example, fluorine resin, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin, etc., as in the case of the positive electrode 11, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), CMC or its salt, polyacrylic acid (PAA). Alternatively, a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or the like may be used.
- separator 13 for example, a porous sheet or the like having ion permeability and insulation is used. Specific examples of porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics. Suitable materials for the separator include olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and cellulose.
- the separator 13 may be a laminate having a cellulose fiber layer and a thermoplastic resin fiber layer such as an olefin resin.
- a multilayer separator including a polyethylene layer and a polypropylene layer may be used, and a separator whose surface is coated with a material such as aramid resin or ceramic may be used.
- Lithium hydroxide and Ni- and Mn-containing composite hydroxide were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li to the total amount of Ni and Mn was 1.07:1.
- This mixture was calcined in the air at 900° C. for 10 hours and then pulverized to obtain a lithium-containing composite oxide.
- 400 ⁇ L of an ethanol solution in which niobium ethoxide is dissolved so that the ratio to the total amount of Ni and Mn in the oxide is 0.25% is added and mixed. bottom.
- This mixture was fired in air at 300° C. for 3 hours and then pulverized to obtain a lithium-containing composite oxide containing Nb element. This was used as a positive electrode active material.
- the amount of Nb element present in the positive electrode active material was 0.25 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn in the lithium-containing composite oxide. there were.
- a cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer was produced by the aforementioned cross section polisher (CP) processing. Then, the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer is subjected to time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) under the conditions described above, and the profile (depth profile) of the positive electrode mixture layer in the thickness direction (depth direction) is obtained. Obtained. From this depth profile, the minimum ion intensity of Nb in the region from the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer to 500 nm in the thickness direction is defined as I min , and the maximum ion intensity of Nb in the region from 500 nm to 1000 nm in the thickness direction is defined as I max . As a result of calculating I max /I min at that time, it was 1.9.
- the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer was observed by SEM, and the particle diameter of the primary particles of the positive electrode active material was measured under the conditions described above. As a result, the average particle size of the primary particles of the positive electrode active material was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 20:75:5.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 in the mixed solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.3 mol/L.
- An electrode lead was attached to each of the metallic lithium as the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Then, an electrode assembly was prepared by interposing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and this electrode assembly was housed in an aluminum laminate film, filled with the non-aqueous electrolyte, and sealed. This was used as the secondary battery of the example.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> [Preparation of positive electrode active material] Lithium hydroxide and Ni- and Mn-containing composite hydroxide were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li to the total amount of Ni and Mn was 1.07:1. This mixture was calcined in the air at 900° C. for 10 hours and then pulverized to obtain a lithium-containing composite oxide. Next, the obtained lithium- containing composite oxide and niobium oxide ( Nb2O5 ) powder are mixed, and the mixture is fired in the air at 600°C for 3 hours and then pulverized to obtain Nb element. A lithium-containing composite oxide containing This was used as a positive electrode active material.
- the amount of Nb element present in the positive electrode active material was 0.25 mol% with respect to the total amount of Ni and Mn.
- a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in the example. From the obtained positive electrode, a cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer was produced by the aforementioned cross section polisher (CP) processing. Then, the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer is subjected to time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) under the conditions described above, and the profile (depth profile) of the positive electrode mixture layer in the thickness direction (depth direction) is obtained. Obtained. From this depth profile, I max /I min (maximum ion intensity of Nb/minimum ion intensity of Nb) was calculated to be 1.2.
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer was observed by SEM, and the particle diameter of the primary particles of the positive electrode active material was measured under the conditions described above. As a result, the average particle size of the primary particles of the positive electrode active material was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 2> [Preparation of positive electrode active material] Lithium hydroxide and Ni- and Mn-containing composite hydroxide were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li to the total amount of Ni and Mn was 1.07:1. This mixture was calcined in the air at 900° C. for 10 hours and then pulverized to obtain a lithium-containing composite oxide. A secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example except that this was used as a positive electrode active material in Comparative Example 2.
- the capacity of the secondary battery of Example was 226.45 mAh/g
- the capacity of the secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 was 222.82 mAh/g
- the capacity of the secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 was 218.82 mAh/g. It was 1 mAh/g.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains the Nb element, has a positive electrode active material containing a lithium-containing composite oxide whose primary particles have an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less, and the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer
- the minimum ion intensity of Nb in the region from the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer to 500 nm in the thickness direction is I min , and 1000 nm in the thickness direction from 500 nm. It can be said that the capacity of the secondary battery can be improved by using a positive electrode in which I max /I min is 1.5 or more, where I max is the maximum ionic strength of Nb in the region up to .
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に設けられた正極合材層と、を備える。正極合材層は、正極活物質を含む。また、正極合材層は、導電材や結着材等を含んでいてもよい。正極11は、例えば、正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材等を含む正極合材スラリーを正極集電体上に塗布・乾燥することにより、正極集電体上に正極合材層を形成し、当該正極合材層を圧延することにより得られる。正極合材層は正極集電体の一方の面に設けられていてもよいし、正極集電体の両面に設けられていてもよい。
装置:TOF-SIMS(TOF-SIMS5) (ION-TOF社製)
スパッタイオン種:16O2 +
スパッタイオン加速エネルギー:1kV
スパッタ面積:200μm×200μm
プローブイオン種:209Bi3 +
プローブイオン加速エネルギー:30kV
測定面積:50μm×50μm
検出元素:Negative
帯電中和補正:無
スキャン数:200
ピクセル数:256×256
サイクルタイム(1画素・1スキャンあたりの測定時間)75μs
後段加速:9.5kV
測定真空度:1×10-8mbar
負極12は、例えば金属箔等の負極集電体と、負極集電体上に形成された負極合材層とを備える。負極集電体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層は、例えば、負極活物質、結着材等を含む。
セパレータ13には、例えば、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シート等が用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレン等のオレフィン系樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、セルロース繊維層及びオレフィン系樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂繊維層を有する積層体であってもよい。また、ポリエチレン層及びポリプロピレン層を含む多層セパレータであってもよく、セパレータの表面にアラミド系樹脂、セラミック等の材料が塗布されたものを用いてもよい。
[正極活物質の作製]
水酸化リチウムと、Ni及びMn含有複合水酸化物とを、Liと、Ni、Mnの総量とのモル比が、1.07:1となるように混合した。この混合物を空気中にて900℃で10時間焼成した後、粉砕することにより、リチウム含有複合酸化物を得た。次に、得られたリチウム含有複合酸化物に、酸化物内のNiとMnを合わせた物質量に対する割合で0.25%となるようにニオブエトキシドを溶解させたエタノール溶液400μLを添加、混合した。この混合物を空気中にて300℃で3時間焼成した後、粉砕することにより、Nb元素を含むリチウム含有複合酸化物を得た。これを正極活物質とした。
正極活物質95質量部と、導電材であるアセチレンブラック(AB)5質量部と、結着材としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン3質量部とを混合した後、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極合材スラリーを調製した。次に、この正極合材スラリーを、アルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、圧延ローラを用いて圧延した。このようにして、正極集電体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、20:75:5の体積比で混合した。当該混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.3mol/Lの濃度となるように溶解させ、非水電解質を調製した。
上記正極及び負極としての金属リチウムそれぞれに電極リードを取り付けた。そして、正極と負極との間にセパレータを介在させた電極体を作製し、この電極体をアルミラミネートフィルムに収容し、上記の非水電解質を注入し、密閉した。これを実施例の二次電池とした。
[正極活物質の作製]
水酸化リチウムと、Ni及びMn含有複合水酸化物とを、Liと、Ni、Mnの総量とのモル比が、1.07:1となるように混合した。この混合物を空気中にて900℃で10時間焼成した後、粉砕することにより、リチウム含有複合酸化物を得た。次に、得られたリチウム含有複合酸化物とニオブ酸化物(Nb2O5)粉末とを混合し、この混合物を空気中にて600℃で3時間焼成した後、粉砕することにより、Nb元素を含むリチウム含有複合酸化物を得た。これを正極活物質とした。
[正極活物質の作製]
水酸化リチウムと、Ni及びMn含有複合水酸化物とを、Liと、Ni、Mnの総量とのモル比が、1.07:1となるように混合した。この混合物を空気中にて900℃で10時間焼成した後、粉砕することにより、リチウム含有複合酸化物を得た。これを比較例2の正極活物質として使用したこと以外は実施例と同様に二次電池を作製した。
実施例及び各比較例の二次電池を、25℃の温度環境で、セル電圧が4.7Vになるまで0.1Cで定電流充電を行い、その後、電流値が0.05Cになるまで4.7Vで定電圧充電を行った。次に、セル電圧が2.5Vになるまで0.1Cで定電流放電を行った。この時の放電容量を二次電池の容量とした。
Claims (5)
- 正極集電体と、正極集電体上に配置される正極合材層とを有し、
前記正極合材層は、一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子から構成されるリチウム含有複合酸化物を含む正極活物質を有し、
前記リチウム含有複合酸化物は、Nb元素を有し、
前記一次粒子の平均粒子径は1μm以下であり、
前記正極合材層断面の飛行時間型二次イオン質量分析(TOF-SIMS)により得られるデプスプロファイルにおいて、正極合材層表面から厚み方向に500nmまでの領域におけるNbの最小イオン強度をIminとし、前記500nmから厚み方向に1000nmまでの領域におけるNbの最大イオン強度をImaxとした時、Imax/Iminが1.5以上である、二次電池用正極。 - 前記リチウム含有複合酸化物は、組成式:LixNiyM(1-y)O2(式中、x、yは、1<x<1.4、0.5<y≦1.0を満たし、Mは、Mn、Co、Al、Feのうち少なくともいずれか1種を含む)で表される、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記二次粒子の平均粒子径は、3μmである、請求項1~2のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極活物質中に存在するNb元素量はリチウム含有複合酸化物内のNiとMを合わせた物質量の0.1~1%である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用正極。
- リチウム化合物とリチウム以外の金属元素含有化合物とを含む混合物を焼成して、リチウム含有複合酸化物を得る第1工程と、前記第1工程で得られた前記リチウム含有複合酸化物と、Nb化合物が溶解した溶液とを混合し、得られた混合物を焼成する第2工程とを備える、二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
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| EP22915527.0A EP4459694A4 (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2022-10-31 | Positive electrode for secondary battery, and method for producing positive electrode active material for secondary battery |
| JP2023570699A JPWO2023127294A1 (ja) | 2021-12-28 | 2022-10-31 | |
| US18/724,795 US20250105274A1 (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2022-10-31 | Positive electrode for secondary battery, and method for producing positive electrode active material for secondary battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4197002B2 (ja) | 2006-04-07 | 2008-12-17 | 宇部興産株式会社 | リチウムイオン非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法 |
| JP2014194842A (ja) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-10-09 | Panasonic Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP2020087612A (ja) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-06-04 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 表面にアルミニウム含有被膜が形成された金属酸化物とアルミニウム含有針状物質とを含有する正極材料、及び、その製造方法 |
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| JP7135282B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-05 | 2022-09-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法、および、非水系電解質二次電池 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4197002B2 (ja) | 2006-04-07 | 2008-12-17 | 宇部興産株式会社 | リチウムイオン非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法 |
| JP2014194842A (ja) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-10-09 | Panasonic Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP2020087612A (ja) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-06-04 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 表面にアルミニウム含有被膜が形成された金属酸化物とアルミニウム含有針状物質とを含有する正極材料、及び、その製造方法 |
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| EP4459694A1 (en) | 2024-11-06 |
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