WO2023127710A1 - 電波反射体 - Google Patents
電波反射体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023127710A1 WO2023127710A1 PCT/JP2022/047519 JP2022047519W WO2023127710A1 WO 2023127710 A1 WO2023127710 A1 WO 2023127710A1 JP 2022047519 W JP2022047519 W JP 2022047519W WO 2023127710 A1 WO2023127710 A1 WO 2023127710A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radio wave
- wave reflector
- thin film
- layer
- conductive thin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/025—Electric or magnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/99—Room acoustics, i.e. forms of, or arrangements in, rooms for influencing or directing sound
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/145—Passive relay systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radio wave reflector for reflecting radio waves.
- Patent Literature 1 proposes a communication system in which a monopole antenna and a metal reflector that reflects radio waves are arranged in an indoor underfloor space.
- radio waves radiated from a monopole antenna are diffused into the underfloor space by a reflector, and the radio waves are prevented from leaking out of the room (building) from the underfloor space and being absorbed by the floor of the building.
- a metal reflector that reflects radio waves is generally composed of a metal plate such as aluminum or copper. It is known that metal reflectors reflect short-wave radio waves with high intensity in the direction of specular reflection, but diffuse the radio waves so that they are difficult to reflect, making it difficult for radio waves to reach a wide range of space. Also, metal reflectors are generally opaque. That is, since the other side cannot be seen from one side of the metal reflector, the presence of the metal reflector is conspicuous when such a metal reflector is used in a living room, and the line of sight is obstructed when such a metal reflector is used in a window. It disturbs the atmosphere of the room and deteriorates the scenery.
- the present invention has been made with a focus on the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a radio wave reflector that can reflect radio waves while maintaining strength and that can preserve the scenery.
- the present invention includes the subjects described in the following sections.
- Section 1 A radio wave reflector for reflecting waves, When the incident wave is specularly reflected, there is a frequency at which the intensity of the reflected wave is -30 dB or more with respect to the intensity of the incident wave, A radio wave reflector having a total light transmittance of 65% or more in a D65 standard light source.
- Item 3 Adhesion of a conductive thin film layer containing a conductor that reflects radio waves, a base layer containing a substrate, a protective layer containing a protective material for protecting the conductive thin film layer, and the conductive thin film layer and the protective layer. and an adhesive layer containing an adhesive for Item 2.
- Item 4 The radio wave reflector according to Item 3, wherein the conductive thin film layer has a surface resistivity of 3.5 ⁇ / ⁇ or less and a thickness of 500 nm or less.
- Item 5. The radio wave reflection according to Item 3 or 4, wherein the conductive thin film layer has conductor-free regions surrounded by one or more linear conductors and periodically arranged at predetermined intervals. body.
- Item 6. The radio wave reflector according to item 5, wherein the conductive thin film layer has a conductor coverage defined as a ratio of the area occupied by the conductor per unit area of 1% or more and 10% or less.
- Item 7. The radio wave reflector according to Item 5 or 6, wherein the conductor has a line width of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- Item 8 The radio wave reflector according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the overall shape is a polygon with a side length of 15 cm or more.
- Item 9. The radio wave reflector according to any one of Items 3 to 7, wherein the protective layer is subjected to antiglare treatment or antireflection treatment.
- a radio wave reflector capable of reflecting radio waves while maintaining strength and preserving the scenery.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the angular range of reflected waves reflected by the radio wave reflector according to the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a radio wave reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3B.
- 3 shows a schematic configuration of the whole radio wave reflector shown in FIG. 2, (A) is a plan view, and (B) is an enlarged view of part A of (A). (A) to (E) are cross-sectional views showing other examples of arrangement patterns of conductors.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a radio wave reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3B. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the whole radio wave reflector shown in FIG. 2, (A) is a plan view, and (B) is an enlarged view of part A of (
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of a radio wave reflector showing another example of an arrangement pattern of conductors;
- (A) is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a conductor, and
- (B) is an enlarged view of part D of (A).
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a radio wave reflector according to another embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a radio wave reflector according to another embodiment;
- (A) is an explanatory diagram showing an example of application of the building material to a building, and
- (B) is a plan view showing an example of application to a room.
- the radio wave reflector 11 of the present invention is a communication device or the like having a transmission antenna capable of transmitting radio waves.
- the receiving unit 21 is a communication device having a receiving antenna capable of receiving radio waves. Examples of the receiving unit 21 include smartphones, mobile phones, tablet terminals, notebook PCs, portable game machines, repeaters, radios, and televisions.
- the radio wave reflector 11 includes a conductor 12 that reflects radio waves.
- the frequency of the incident wave is 2 GHz or more and less than 6 GHz, 6 GHz or more and less than 20 GHz, 20 GHz or more and less than 60 GHz, 60 GHz or more and less than 100 GHz, 100 GHz or more and less than 150 GHz, or 150 GHz or more when the radio wave reflector 11 is attached to a wall or the like and flattened.
- a radio wave reflector 11 reflects radio waves of any frequency of 300 GHz or less.
- the incident angle of the incident wave is at least a predetermined angle of 15 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less, preferably 45 degrees, and more preferably the entire angle range of 15 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less.
- the specular reflection intensity is ⁇ 30 dB or more with respect to the incident wave.
- the specular reflection intensity is ⁇ 30 dB or more and 0 dB or less with respect to the incident wave at a frequency of 28.5 GHz, and more preferably, the specular reflection intensity is ⁇ 30 dB or more with respect to the incident wave in the entire frequency band of 20 GHz or more and 60 GHz or less. 0 dB or less.
- the specular reflection intensity is ⁇ 30 dB or more and 0 dB or less with respect to the incident wave in the entire frequency band of 2 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less.
- “Specular reflection intensity” is the intensity of reflected radio waves, and refers to the intensity of a reflected wave when an incident wave is specularly reflected.
- the term “flat” refers to a state in which there is no unevenness and is not curved, or a state in which the radius of curvature of any point on the surface is 1000 mm or more even when unevenness is present.
- the specular reflection intensity is preferably -25 dB or more and 0 dB or less, more preferably -22 dB or more and 0 dB or less, even more preferably -20 dB or more and 0 dB or less, and -15 dB or more and 0 dB or less, with respect to the incident wave. Since the specular reflection intensity is ⁇ 30 dB or more with respect to the incident wave, the radio wave reflector 11 can reflect radio waves while maintaining a high reflection intensity, and the receiving section 21 has a practical intensity for use. Can receive radio waves.
- the specular reflection intensity and the reflection intensity are the distance between the reflection point 11a of the radio wave reflector 11 and the radio wave source 20 and the distance between the reflection point 11a of the radio wave reflector 11 and the receiving section 21. This is the value when the distance is 1 m.
- specular reflection means that when the radio wave emitted from the radio wave source 20 (transmitting antenna) is reflected by the radio wave reflector 11, the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the incident wave and the reflection of the reflected wave It means that the angles ⁇ 2 are equal.
- the direction in which the reflected wave travels when the radio wave is specularly reflected is also called the “specular reflection direction”.
- the incident angle ⁇ 1 is defined by the incident wave traveling in the incident direction (indicated by arrow A1 in FIG. 1) when the radio wave enters the radio wave reflector 11 and the normal line 22 of the reflecting surface of the radio wave reflector 11.
- the angle of reflection ⁇ 2 is the angle between the reflected wave traveling in the direction of reflection (indicated by arrow A2 in FIG.
- the normal line 22 is a straight line perpendicular to the tangent line (or tangent plane) at the reflection point 11a.
- the intensity of the reflected wave is hereinafter also referred to as "reflection intensity”.
- the radio wave reflector 11 is configured such that the receiving angular position of the reflected wave is -15 degrees or more and +15 degrees with respect to the regular reflection direction of the radio wave on a virtual plane including the incident direction of the incident wave and the reflection direction of the reflected wave. It is preferable that the kurtosis of the distribution of the intensity of the reflected wave at each receiving angular position is ⁇ 0.4 or less when the angular range ⁇ is varied as follows.
- the kurtosis is more preferably -1.0 or less. More preferably -1.1 or less, still more preferably -1.2 or less. Although the lower limit of the kurtosis is not particularly limited, it is usually about -0.5.
- the virtual plane can also be said to be a plane including the reflection point 11a on the reflecting surface of the radio wave reflector 11, the radio wave source 20, and the reflected wave receiver 21.
- FIG. The kurtosis is obtained when the radio wave reflector 11 is attached to a wall or the like and flattened.
- Kurtosis is a statistic that indicates how much a distribution deviates from a normal distribution, and indicates the degree of kurtosis and the spread of tails.
- the reception angular position i of the receiving unit 21 is set at a predetermined angle (for example, at a time of 5 degrees) from the specular reflection direction of the radio wave centering on the reflection point 11a, at ⁇ 15 degrees or more and +15 degrees or less with respect to the specular reflection direction of the radio wave.
- the reflection intensity x is measured by moving within the angle range ⁇ .
- the reception angular position i of the receiver 21 is positioned on an arc centered on the reflection point 11a. Reflection intensity value at each reception angular position i the average value of , and the standard deviation is s, the kurtosis is obtained from the following formula.
- kurtosis indicates that the intensity data at each angular position is distributed flatter than the normal distribution. The smaller is, the flatter the distribution.
- the difference in reflection intensity depending on the reception angular position becomes small within the angular range ⁇ of ⁇ 15 degrees with respect to the specular reflection direction of the radio wave.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a total light transmittance of 65% or higher, preferably 80% or higher, more preferably 85% or higher, and still more preferably 90% or higher, under a D65 standard light source.
- the total light transmittance refers to the ratio of the total transmitted luminous flux to the parallel incident luminous flux of the test piece, and is defined in JISK7375:2008. That is, the radio wave reflector 11 is so-called "transparent", and the term "transparent" means that the other side of the radio wave reflector 11 can be viewed from one side, and includes semi-transparency. Further, the radio wave reflector 11 may be colored as a whole.
- each layer has a total light transmittance of 65%.
- the conductors 12 of the conductive thin film layer 16 may be formed with a thickness such that the total light transmittance is 65% or more.
- the radio wave reflector 11 preferably has a square overall shape in plan view, and preferably has a side length of 15 cm or more and 400 cm or less.
- Radio waves with a frequency of 2 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less are attenuated by distance, but in order to reflect with sufficient intensity at all points within a practical distance from the radio wave source 20, the length of one side L10 is set to 15 cm or more. is preferred.
- the upper limit of the length L10 of one side is not particularly limited, it is preferably 400 cm or less from the viewpoint of manufacturing.
- the overall shape is not limited to a square, but may be a rectangle, or a polygon such as a triangle, pentagon, or hexagon.
- the shortest distance between a certain vertex and the opposite side or the shortest distance between a certain side and the opposite side may be set to 15 cm or more and 400 cm or less.
- the diameter is set to 15 cm or more and 400 cm or less.
- the minor axis is set to 15 cm or more and 400 cm or less.
- the overall shape of the radio wave reflector 11 is fan-shaped, the length of the arc or the shorter radius is set to 15 cm or more and 400 cm or less.
- the overall shape may be a three-dimensional shape such as a cylindrical shape or a conical shape.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a shape and size that can reflect radio waves with a reflection intensity of -30 dB or more with respect to the incident wave. selected as appropriate.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is set to about 0.25 mm in this embodiment, it is not limited to this, and the thickness L1 is preferably 1 mm or less.
- the radio wave reflector 11 includes the conductive thin film layer 16, the substrate layer 13, the adhesive layer 14, and the protective layer 15, the thickness of each of the substrate layer 13, the conductive thin film layer 16, the adhesive layer 14, and the protective layer 15 is The thickness L1 of the reflector 11 is set to be 1 mm or less. Since the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is small, the radio wave reflector 11 has flexibility. Flexibility refers to the property of having flexibility under normal temperature and normal pressure, and capable of deformation such as bending without being sheared or broken even when a force is applied.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has flexibility to the extent that it can be attached along a curved surface having a curvature radius R of about 300 mm, but the value of the curvature radius R is not limited.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is the sum of the thickness L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16 and the thickness L2 of the base layer 13, or the thickness L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16, the thickness L2 of the base layer 13, and the thickness L2 of the adhesive layer 14. It is the sum of the thickness L4 and the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 .
- the thickness L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16 is much thinner than the respective thicknesses L2, L4, and L5 of the base layer 13, the adhesive layer 14, and the protective layer 15, when calculating the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11, Alternatively, the thickness L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16 may be ignored.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11, the thickness L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16, the thickness L2 of the base layer 13, the thickness L4 of the adhesive layer 14, and the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 are measured at a plurality of arbitrary points. , is obtained by calculating the average value of the obtained measured values.
- thickness L1 thickness L3, thickness L2, thickness L4, and thickness L5
- a reflectance spectroscopic film thickness measurement for example, F3-CS-NIR manufactured by Filmetrics Co., Ltd.
- F3-CS-NIR a reflectance spectroscopic film thickness measurement
- the surface resistivity of the radio wave reflector 11 in a state where the radio wave reflector 11 is attached to a wall or the like and flattened is preferably 0.003 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. Although the details will be described later, the surface resistivity is measured as the surface resistivity of the conductive thin film layer 16 including the conductor 12 .
- the surface resistivity of the radio wave reflector 11 when the radio wave reflector 11 is flat refers to the surface resistivity of the radio wave reflector 11 when the radio wave reflector 11 is placed on a flat mounting surface.
- the term “flat” refers to a state in which there is no unevenness and is not curved, or a state in which the radius of curvature of any point on the surface is 1000 mm or more even when unevenness is present.
- Surface resistivity means surface resistance per square centimeter.
- the surface resistivity can be measured by the four-probe method in accordance with JISK6911 by contacting a measuring terminal to the surface of the conductive thin film layer 16, which will be described later. If the conductive thin film layer 16 is not exposed because it is protected by a resin sheet or the like, a non-contact resistance measuring device (manufactured by Napson Co., Ltd., trade name: EC-80P, or equivalent) is used. It can be measured by an eddy current method.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a surface resistivity change rate before and after the radio wave reflector 11 is curved along the surface of a member having a curved surface with a curvature radius of 200 mm (also referred to as a “surface resistivity change rate during bending”). ) R may be -10% or more and 10% or less.
- the rate of change R of the surface resistivity when curved is the ratio of the surface resistivity R1 of the wave reflector 11 when the wave reflector 11 is flattened to the surface resistivity R1 of the wave reflector 11 when the wave reflector 11 is a member having a curved surface with a curvature radius of 200 mm. It refers to the rate of change in the surface resistivity R2 in the state of being curved along the surface.
- R (%) (R2-R1)/R1 x 100.
- the reflection intensity of radio waves changes according to the surface resistivity.
- the rate of change R of the surface resistivity of the radio wave reflector 11 when it is bent is -10% or more and 10% or less, even when the radio wave reflector 11 is curved, it is sufficiently similar to when it is flattened. It is possible to achieve a high reflection intensity of radio waves.
- the radio wave reflector 11 preferably has a bending elastic modulus of 0.05 GPa or more and 4 GPa or less.
- the flexural modulus is a value that indicates how much bending stress can be endured, and is defined in JIS K7171.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has flexibility, and the radio wave reflector 11 can be curved without breaking, and a curved surface with a radius of curvature of 200 mm or more can be obtained. can be pasted on.
- the flexural modulus is measured according to JIS K7171. Flexibility refers to the property of having flexibility under normal temperature and normal pressure, and capable of deformation such as bending without being sheared or broken even when a force is applied.
- the radio wave reflector 11 preferably has a Young's modulus of 0.01 GPa or more and 80 GPa or less. Young's modulus refers to the elastic modulus when a solid is stretched by applying tension in one direction, and is also called the tensile elastic modulus, and is defined in JIS K7161-2014. By setting the Young's modulus within the above range, the radio wave reflector 11 is easily deformed, and the radio wave reflector 11 is curved without being broken, and is attached to a curved surface with a radius of curvature of 200 mm or more. be able to. Young's modulus is measured according to JIS K7127-1999.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has at least a degree of flexibility that allows it to be attached along a curved surface with a radius of curvature of 200 mm or more, preferably a degree that allows it to be attached along a curved surface with a radius of curvature of 100 mm or more. of flexibility.
- the radio wave reflector 11 may have plasticity.
- Plasticity refers to the property of being able to deform by applying external pressure, and retaining the deformed shape even when the force is removed when deformation exceeding the elastic limit is given by pressure. All of the synthetic resins forming the base layer 13, the adhesive layer 14, and the protective layer 15 may have plasticity, or at least one of the base layer 13, the adhesive layer 14, and the protective layer 15 may have plasticity. One may have plasticity.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a difference between the yellow index after the heat and humidity resistance test and the yellow index before the heat and humidity resistance test, that is, the degree of yellowing is 3 or less.
- the yellow index is also called yellowness, and refers to the degree to which the hue deviates from colorless or white toward yellow.
- a yellow index is calculated
- the radio wave reflector 11 is removed from the constant temperature and humidity chamber. This is a test for confirming the properties and conditions of the radio wave reflector 11 after taking it out and allowing it to stand at room temperature for 4 hours.
- the incident wave is incident on the radio wave reflector 11 at a predetermined angle of 15 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less, preferably 45 degrees, more preferably 15 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less.
- an incident wave with a frequency of 2 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less is specularly reflected.
- the difference in intensity of reflected waves from the radio wave reflector 11 before and after the heat and humidity resistance test is within 3 dB in all frequency bands from 2 GHz to 300 GHz.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a surface resistivity change rate r before and after the heat and humidity resistance test (also referred to as "surface resistivity change rate during the heat and humidity resistance test") of 20% or less.
- the change rate r of the surface resistivity during the heat and humidity resistance test refers to the rate at which the surface resistivity r2 after the heat and humidity resistance test changes with respect to the surface resistivity r1 before the heat and humidity resistance test.
- the reflection intensity of radio waves changes according to the surface resistivity. However, since the rate of change r of the surface resistivity of the radio wave reflector 11 during the heat and humidity resistance test is 20% or less, the reflection intensity of the radio wave reflector 11 does not decrease significantly even after the heat and humidity resistance test. The reflection intensity of radio waves can be realized.
- the pencil hardness of the protective layer 15 with a surface load of 500 g is preferably "F” or higher, more preferably “H” or higher. It is preferably “4H” or more.
- the "pencil hardness test” as used herein is a test based on JIS K 5600-5-4 (1999). "Surface load of 500 g" is included if the load applied to the surface during the pencil hardness test is 500 g ⁇ 10 g.
- the pencil hardness of the protective layer 15 with a surface load of 500 g may be F or higher.
- the reduction rate of the adhesive force of the protective layer 15 to the adherend layer is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less, and further Preferably it is 40% or less.
- "attached layer” means a layer that is in direct contact with the layer of interest.
- the adhered layer of the protective layer 15 is the adhesive layer 14 in this embodiment.
- the adhesive force is measured by a tensile adhesive strength test according to JIS K 6849 (1994).
- the radio wave reflector 11 includes a conductive thin film layer 16 containing a conductor 12, a base material layer 13 laminated on the conductive thin film layer 16 and containing a base material, and a protective layer containing a protective material for protecting the conductive thin film layer 16. 15 and an adhesive layer 14 containing an adhesive for bonding the conductive thin film layer 16 and the protective layer 15 together. Further, the radio wave reflector 11 may include a conductive thin film layer 16 containing the conductor 12 and a resin that keeps the conductor 12 in a sheet shape.
- the radio wave reflector 11 is laminated in the order of a substrate layer 13, a conductive thin film layer 16, an adhesive layer 14, and a protective layer 15 from the bottom.
- the vertical direction is defined based on FIG. 2, and the vertical and horizontal directions and the horizontal direction are defined based on FIGS. However, it does not define the vertical and horizontal directions when the radio wave reflector 11 is attached to a building or the like. 1 to 11 are not shown to scale. Also, in FIG. 3, the adhesive layer 14 and the protective layer 15 are partly omitted from the radio wave reflector 11 .
- the base material layer 13 has a conductive thin film layer 16 including the conductor 12 laminated on its upper surface, and is composed of a base material.
- the outer shape is formed in a square shape in plan view, but is not limited to this, and may be rectangular, circular, elliptical, fan-shaped, polygonal, three-dimensional shape, etc. according to the overall shape of the radio wave reflector 11 .
- may be A sheet made of a synthetic resin is used as the substrate which is the substrate layer 13 .
- Examples of synthetic resins include PET (polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyester, polyformaldehyde, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, vinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, and AS resin. , ABS resin, acrylic resin, fluorine resin, nylon resin, polyacetal resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, and polyurethane resin. Also, the thickness L2 (the length in the vertical direction in FIG. 2) of the base material layer 13 is set to 50 ⁇ m in the present embodiment, but is not limited to this. In addition to the base material, the base material layer 13 may contain an arbitrary material such as a synthetic resin or an arbitrary member.
- one or more linear conductors 12 are preferably formed as a thin film on the upper surface of the base layer 13 .
- the conductor 12 is preferably made of silver (Ag), for example.
- the conductor 12 may be made of a metal having free electrons, and is not limited to silver. For example, gold (Au), copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe).
- the thickness (film thickness) L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16 (conductor 12) is 500 nm (0.5 ⁇ m) or less in this embodiment, but is not limited to this.
- the thickness L3 is preferably 5 nm or more from the viewpoint of ensuring appropriate radio wave intensity.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 may contain an arbitrary material such as synthetic resin or an arbitrary member.
- the surface roughness Sa of the conductive thin film layer 16 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 7 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.03 ⁇ m or more and 6.72 ⁇ m or less. When the surface roughness Sa is within this range, it becomes easier to diffusely reflect radio waves.
- the surface roughness Sa is determined by the arithmetic mean height of ISO 25178 and measured according to ISO 25178. Using a laser microscope (product name VK-X1000/1050, manufactured by Keyence Corporation, or equivalent), the surface roughness is measured at multiple locations on the surface of the conductive thin film layer 16, and the average value of the obtained measurement values can be calculated to obtain the surface roughness Sa of the conductive thin film layer 16 .
- the conductor 12 and the base layer 13 are to be measured.
- a plurality of conductors 12 are provided, the surface roughness of each conductor 12 is measured at a plurality of locations, and the average value of the measured values is defined as the surface roughness Sa of the conductor 12. .
- the conductive thin film layer 16 preferably has a surface resistivity of 3.5 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the surface resistivity of the conductive thin film layer 16 is the surface resistivity of the radio wave reflector 11 .
- the conductive thin film layer 16 has one or more linear conductors 12 arranged around a region 12a without conductors 12 . That is, conductors 12 and areas 12a without conductors 12 are periodically arranged at predetermined intervals. The conductors 12 and the regions 12a without the conductors 12 gather to form a thin film. The distance between adjacent regions 12a without conductors 12 may be equal to the line width L6 of the conductors 12, or may be longer than the line width L6.
- the term "linear" means that the length in the longitudinal direction is 3000 times or more the length in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. In the arrangement pattern of the conductors 12 of the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. A region 12a without conductors 12 is square.
- the areas 12a without the conductors 12 are arranged at intervals of the line width L6 of the conductors 12.
- Conductors 12A and 12B are electrically connected at intersections where conductors 12 (12A) extending in the horizontal direction and conductors 12 (12B) extending in the vertical direction overlap.
- a line width L6 of the conductor 12 is set to 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the length L7 between the conductors 12 adjacent in the vertical or horizontal direction is greater than the wavelength of visible light, and the radio wave reflector 11 It is set to be smaller than the wavelength of the reflected radio wave, and in this embodiment, it is set to 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 cm or less. It is more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 1 cm or less, still more preferably 25 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less. More preferably, it is 30 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the arrangement pattern of the conductors 12 is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. , and the shape of the region 12a without the conductor 12 may be rectangular. Also, the conductors 12 may be arranged in an arrangement pattern of shapes shown in FIGS. In FIG. 4A, a plurality of conductors 12A are arranged at predetermined intervals in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of conductors 12B extending in the vertical direction are arranged between the conductors 12A extending in the horizontal direction. They are arranged in a staggered pattern.
- the zigzag pattern means that a plurality of conductors 12B extending in the vertical direction are arranged in the horizontal direction at predetermined intervals, and the plurality of conductors 12B forming one row are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction of the row. It is positioned between a plurality of conductors 12B forming a row, and refers to a state in which the conductors 12B in alternate rows are arranged in a straight line.
- the conductor 12A is arranged along the horizontal direction, while the conductors 12B and 12C extend along an oblique direction tilted up and down with respect to the horizontal direction, and the conductors 12B and 12C cross each other on conductor 12A.
- the shape of the region 12a without the conductor 12 is an equilateral triangle.
- the shape of the region 12a without the conductor 12 may be an isosceles triangle or a triangle with three sides of different lengths instead of an equilateral triangle.
- regular hexagonal regions 12a without conductors 12 formed by linear conductors 12 are periodically arranged, and in FIG. The formed regular pentagonal regions 12a without the conductor 12 are arranged periodically.
- FIG. 4E circular regions 12a formed of linear conductors 12 and having no conductors 12 are periodically arranged. 4A to 4E show only the conductor 12.
- FIG. 4C regular hexagonal regions 12a without conductors 12 formed by linear conductors 12 are periodically arranged, and in FIG. The formed regular pentagonal regions 12a without the conductor 12 are arranged periodically.
- circular regions 12a formed of linear conductors 12 and having no conductors 12 are periodically arranged. 4A to 4E show only the conductor 12.
- FIG. 4C regular hexagonal regions 12a without conductor
- the conductive thin film layer 16 preferably has a conductor coverage of 1% or more and 10% or less.
- the conductor coverage rate refers to the ratio of the area occupied by the conductor 12 per unit area in plan view.
- the coverage ratio can also be said to be the ratio of the area of the base layer 13 covered with the conductor 12 to the area of the base layer 13 in plan view. 2 and 3, when the conductive thin film layer 16 is not provided on the periphery of the base material layer 13 but is provided inside the edge of the base material layer 13 , the coverage rate refers to the ratio of the area occupied by the conductor 12 per unit area in the region where the conductive thin film layer 16 is provided on the upper surface of the base material layer 13 in plan view.
- the area where the conductive thin film layer 16 is provided is the upper surface area of the base material layer 13 excluding the peripheral edge portion of the base material layer 13 (the portion between the edge of the base material layer 13 and the conductive thin film layer 16). area. Conductor coverage is measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), an optical microscope, or the like.
- a method for manufacturing the conductive thin film layer 16 having the above arrangement pattern there is a method of forming a conductive film, forming a pattern by etching, and taking out the conductive thin film having the pattern. Further, a method of applying a photosensitive resist on a base film provided with a lift-off layer, forming a pattern by photolithography, filling the patterned portion with a conductor, and then taking out a conductive thin film having a pattern. be done.
- the manufacturing method is not limited to the above, and examples of methods for forming the conductive thin film layer 16 include a method of adhering a metal thin film and a method of vapor-depositing metal.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 may have, for example, a metamaterial structure.
- the metamaterial structure is obtained by periodically arranging sheet-shaped conductors 12, which are dielectrics. Reflects radio waves belonging to The shape of each conductor 12 is not limited and may be the shape described above. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, each conductor 12 may be square.
- the length L12 of one side and the interval L13 between the adjacent conductors 12 may be set so that the conductors 12 reflect radio waves with a frequency of 2 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less.
- the length L12 of one side of the conductor 12 may be 0.7 mm or more and 800 mm or less, and the interval L13 may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness L3 of the conductor 12 is preferably 350 nm (0.35 ⁇ m) or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, and even more preferably 50 nm or less.
- the number of conductors 12 is appropriately set according to the size (area) of the base material layer 13 . In one example, the conductors 12 may be formed on the base layer 13 so as to match the size of the base layer 13 , two vertically and two horizontally, a total of four conductors 12 .
- the conductive thin film layer 16 is not limited to a metamaterial structure, and may be any one of a metal nanowire laminated film, multi-layered graphene, and partially exfoliated graphite.
- the conductor 12 forming the conductive thin film layer 16 may be, for example, in the form shown in FIG.
- the conductor 12 is formed in a pattern in which a first conductive portion 62 including a plurality of first enclosing portions 61 and a second conductive portion 64 including a plurality of second enclosing portions 63 overlap each other. there is The first enclosing portion 61 and the second enclosing portion 63 do not share any portion when projected onto a projection plane parallel to the conductive thin film layer.
- the first surrounding portions 61 surrounding the first region AR1 in which the conductor 12 is not formed are repeatedly formed at a constant pitch.
- the first conductive portion 62 is formed in a lattice shape, but may be formed in a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, a circular shape, or the like.
- the second conductive portion 64 surrounds the fourth region AR4, which is a region where the conductor 12 is not formed.
- the fourth area AR4 is formed across a plurality of adjacent first areas AR1.
- the second conductive portion 64 may be positioned on the same plane as the first conductive portion 62, or may be positioned on a different plane. That is, the second conductive portion 64 may or may not be conductive to the first conductive portion 62 .
- the adjacent second conductive portions 64 are separated from each other, they may be in contact with each other.
- the second conductive portion 64 is formed in a rectangular shape, it may be formed in a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, a circular shape, or the like.
- radio wave diffusivity means that the difference between the specular reflection intensity and the radio wave intensity around the specular reflection falls within a certain range.
- the adhesive layer 14 adheres the protective layer 15 onto the base material layer 13 and the conductive thin film layer 16, and is made of an adhesive.
- the adhesive layer 14 has a size corresponding to that of the base material layer 13 in plan view.
- a synthetic resin or rubber adhesive sheet is used as the adhesive that is the adhesive layer 14. Examples of synthetic resins include acrylic resins, silicon resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and the like.
- the thickness L4 of the adhesive layer 14 is set to 150 ⁇ m in this embodiment, it is not limited to this.
- the adhesive layer 14 may contain any substance such as synthetic resin or any other member.
- the adhesive layer 14 is preferably made of a synthetic resin material with a dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) of 0.018 or less.
- a lower dielectric loss tangent is more preferable, but it is usually 0.0001 or more.
- the dielectric loss tangent represents the degree of electrical energy loss within a dielectric, and the greater the dielectric loss tangent of a material, the greater the electrical energy loss.
- the synthetic resin material of the adhesive layer 14 has a dielectric constant that changes according to the frequency of the electric field.
- the dielectric constant is the ratio of the dielectric constant of a medium (synthetic resin material in this embodiment) to the dielectric constant of a vacuum.
- the dielectric constant varies between 1.5 and 7. More preferably, it changes between 1.8 and 6.5.
- Inductive loss tangent and relative permittivity are measured using a known method (e.g., cavity resonator method, coaxial resonator method) using a measuring device (e.g., Toyo Technica, model number TTPX table-top cryogenic prober, material impedance analyzer MIA-5M). measured by
- the synthetic resin material constituting the base layer 13 and the protective layer 15 may have a dielectric loss tangent of 0.018 or less, and the dielectric constant changes according to the electric field. can be anything.
- the adhesive layer 14 preferably has a hydroxyl value of 5 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 8 mgKOH/g or more, still more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or more, still more preferably 90 mgKOH/g or more. is.
- the upper limit of the hydroxyl value of the adhesive layer 14 is preferably 120 mgKOH/g or less.
- the hydroxyl value of the adhesive layer 14 is 5 mgKOH/g or more, there is an advantage that the adhesive layer 14 is less likely to foam and/or whiten under high-temperature and high-humidity environments.
- the hydroxyl value is measured by a test method conforming to JIS K 1557.
- the acid value of the adhesive layer 14 is preferably 50 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 45 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 10 mgKOH/g or less. is.
- the lower limit of the acid value of the adhesive layer 14 is preferably 0.1 mgKOH/g or more.
- the adhesive layer 14 preferably does not contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- an ultraviolet absorber When the adhesive layer 14 does not contain an ultraviolet absorber, there is an advantage that the adhesive layer 14 can be easily adjusted to be colorless and transparent.
- “not containing” includes not only the case where the ultraviolet absorber is not contained at all, but also the case where the adhesive layer 14 contains a small amount that does not impair the colorless transparency.
- the protective layer 15 has a size corresponding to that of the base material layer 13 in plan view, protects the conductor 12, and is made of a protective material.
- a synthetic resin film is used as a protective material that is the protective layer 15 .
- synthetic resins include PET (polyethylene terephthalate), COP (cycloolefin polymer), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyester, polyformaldehyde, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, vinylidene chloride, and polyvinyl acetate.
- the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 is set to 50 ⁇ m in this embodiment, it is not limited to this.
- the protective layer 15 may contain an arbitrary substance such as synthetic resin or an arbitrary member.
- anti-glare treatment or anti-reflection treatment may be applied to at least one of the upper surface (outer surface) and lower surface (surface in contact with the adhesive layer 14) in FIG. 2 of a synthetic resin film.
- Anti-glare treatment involves forming an uneven shape on at least one surface of the protective layer 15 to scatter light and reduce reflection of a light source such as illumination on the protective layer 15 . This is a process that suppresses congestion.
- a method of applying anti-glare treatment for example, a method of applying a binder resin in which fine particles are dispersed is applied to the surface of the film. Also, known methods such as sandblasting and chemical etching may be used.
- Antireflection treatment (also referred to as “AR treatment”) is to form an antireflection film on at least one surface of the film, and reflect light reflected from the surface of the antireflection film and from the interface between the antireflection film and the film. This is a process of attenuating the reflected light by interference to suppress reflection of a light source such as illumination.
- the anti-reflection film may be a single layer, or may be one in which thin films having different refractive indices are alternately laminated, and known anti-reflection films are used.
- the protective layer 15 may be a synthetic resin film with anti-glare treatment or anti-reflection treatment attached to one side or both sides of the film.
- the protective layer 15 preferably has a moisture permeability at a temperature of 40° C. and a humidity of 90% rh (relative humidity) of 20 g/m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less, more preferably 16 g/m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less, More preferably, it is 12 g/m 2 ⁇ 24h or less, and still more preferably 10 g/m 2 ⁇ 24h or less.
- the moisture permeability of the protective layer 15 at a temperature of 40° C. and a humidity of 90% rh (relative humidity) is 20 g/m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less
- the conductive thin film layer 16 is less likely to corrode, and the surface resistivity of the conductive thin film layer 16 is improved. has the advantage of being less likely to rise.
- the "water vapor permeability" referred to in this specification is measured by a test method based on JIS Z 0208 (1976).
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a total light transmittance of 65% or more in the D65 standard light source and is highly transparent. The presence of the radio wave reflector 11 is not conspicuous and hinders the atmosphere and scenery of the living room, so that the scenery can be maintained well. Further, in the radio wave reflector 11, there is at least one frequency at which the intensity of the reflected wave when the incident wave with a frequency of 2 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less is specularly reflected is ⁇ 30 dB or more with respect to the incident wave. Therefore, radio waves can be reflected while maintaining a high reflection intensity. For this reason, even with radio waves that have a short wavelength and are highly straight, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of blind spots in the indoor space as much as possible. do not have.
- the receiving unit 21 can receive the radio wave reflected by the radio wave reflector 11 while maintaining the reflection intensity.
- the radio wave reflector 11 may It can be provided with rigidity to the extent that it can be attached to the surface, and it is easy to perform operations such as attachment. Moreover, since the protective layer 15 is provided, the conductive thin film layer 16 can be prevented from being damaged.
- the radio wave reflector 11 can reflect radio waves while maintaining a high reflection intensity.
- the conductors 12 Light rays such as visible rays pass through the region 12a where there is no region 12a, and the total light transmittance of the radio wave reflector 11 can be 65% or more.
- the conductor coverage of the conductive thin film layer 16 is 1% or more and 10% or less, the ratio of the area where the conductor 12 is not arranged is large, and the total light transmittance of the radio wave reflector 11 is 65% or more. becomes.
- the line width L6 of the conductor 12 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less, the ratio of the area where the conductor 12 is not arranged is large, and the total light transmittance of the radio wave reflector 11 is 65%. That's it.
- the radio wave reflector 11 If the overall shape of the radio wave reflector 11 is a square with one side length of 15 cm or more and 400 cm or less, the radio wave should be reflected into the space in the living room with a practical reflection intensity that can be received by the receiving unit. Therefore, when the radio wave reflector 11 is arranged in the living room, blind spots are less likely to occur.
- FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the invention.
- conductive thin film layers 16A and 16B are stacked vertically in two layers.
- the conductive thin film layer 16A formed on the base material layer 13A and the conductive thin film layer 16B formed on the base material layer 13B are aligned so that their arrangement patterns overlap when viewed from the top.
- the arrangement patterns of the conductive thin film layers 16A and 16B do not have to overlap in plan view, and the conductive thin film layers 16A and 16B may be formed in different arrangement patterns.
- the lower surface of the base material layer 13B is attached onto the conductive thin film layer 16A with an adhesive layer 14A, and the protective layer 15 is attached onto the conductive thin film layer 16B with an adhesive layer 14B.
- the radio waves incident on the radio wave reflector 11 are reflected by the first conductive thin film layer 16B, but part of them pass through the conductive thin film layer 16B without being reflected by the conductive thin film layer 16B.
- the radio waves passing through the conductive thin film layer 16B are reflected by the second conductive thin film layer 16A.
- radio waves passing through the upper conductive thin film layer 16B can be reflected by the lower conductive thin film layer 16A.
- the reflection intensity of 11 can be kept higher than when the conductor 12 is only one layer.
- the kurtosis of the reflection intensity distribution in the angle range ⁇ of ⁇ 15 degrees with respect to the specular reflection direction of the radio wave can be further reduced, and the difference in reflection intensity depending on the angular position within the angle range ⁇ becomes smaller. Furthermore, since the two layers of adhesive layers 14A and 14B are used, the value of the dielectric loss tangent is even smaller than in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and the reflection intensity can be kept even higher. Since other configurations and actions are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the same reference numerals are assigned to the corresponding configurations, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the conductive thin film layers 16 formed on the base material layer 13 are laminated in two layers, but may be laminated in three or more layers. As the number of laminated conductive thin film layers 16 increases, the reflection intensity increases, but the total thickness of the radio wave reflector 11 increases, so the total light transmittance and flexibility decrease. Therefore, the number of layers of the conductive thin film layer 16 is appropriately set according to the intended use.
- FIG. 8 Another embodiment of the radio wave reflector 11 is shown in FIG.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has the conductive thin film layer 16 and the base material layer 13 and does not have the adhesive layer 14 and the protective layer 15 .
- the conductor 12 of the conductive thin film layer 16 is formed in a square shape as a sheet-like thin film on substantially the entire upper surface of the base material layer 13 .
- the thickness L3 of the conductor 12 is 10 nm in this embodiment, it is not limited to this.
- the surface resistivity is 9.8 ⁇ / ⁇ in this embodiment.
- the conductor coverage is defined as the ratio of the area occupied by the conductor 12 per unit area in the portion where the conductive thin film layer 16 is provided on the base layer 13. The coverage becomes 100%.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a total light transmittance of 70%. Since other configurations and actions are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the same reference numerals are assigned to the corresponding configurations, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 is composed of one conductor 12 in this embodiment, it may be composed of a plurality of conductors 12 .
- the plurality of conductors 12 are arranged at predetermined intervals over substantially the entire upper surface of the base material layer 13 .
- the shape of the conductor 12 may be circular, rectangular, triangular, polygonal, or the like.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 may have a metamaterial structure, and may be any one of a metal nanowire laminated film, multi-layered graphene, and partially exfoliated graphite.
- any of the radio wave reflectors 11 described above may be included in the building material 30 and used.
- the building material 30 is, for example, as shown in FIG. 9(A), wall surfaces, ceiling surfaces, floor surfaces of rooms and corridors, wallpaper for partitions, decorative materials 30A such as posters, and decorative materials such as transparent stickers for light covers.
- 30B can be installed in a building.
- the radio wave reflector 11 may be formed as being held inside the building material 30 .
- the wall surface 31 itself, which is the building material 30 , or the lamp cover 32 itself may be composed of the radio wave reflector 11 .
- the building materials 30 are not limited to indoor walls and light covers, but may be partitions, pillars, lintels, outer walls of buildings, windows, and the like.
- FIG. 9B is a plan view of the interior of the room, and the building material 30, which is the radio wave reflector 11, is formed as a corner pillar 30C having a curved surface at the corner of the room. The radio wave entering from the window 33 is reflected by the corner post 30C and reaches a wider range of the indoor space S.
- radio wave reflector 11 is not limited to the building material 30, and may be held inside a member made of a non-conductive material such as resin and used at any place.
- Examples 1 to 8 were produced as the radio wave reflector 11, and evaluation tests were conducted on the landscape security, the radio wave extension to blind spots, and the reflection property for Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- Table 1 shows the conditions and evaluation results of Examples 1-8
- Table 2 shows the conditions and evaluation results of Comparative Examples 1-3.
- the radio wave reflector 11 of the present invention is not limited to Examples 1-8.
- the radio wave reflector 11 produced as Example 1 is the radio wave reflector 11 having the same configuration as the embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a square planar shape, a side length L10 of 20 cm, and a thickness L1 of 0.25 mm.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is the sum of the thickness L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16, the thickness L2 of the base layer 13, the thickness L4 of the adhesive layer 14, and the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a maximum value of reflection intensity of radio waves (hereinafter also referred to as “maximum value of radio wave reflection intensity”) when an incident wave with a frequency of 2 GHz or more and 300 GHz or less is reflected, is ⁇ 20 dB, and transmits all light rays. rate is 90.0%.
- a synthetic resin material sheet made of PET (Lumirror 50T60 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was used as the base material layer 13, and the thickness L2 of the base material layer 13 was set to 50 ⁇ m.
- the conductor 12 of the conductive thin film layer 16 is a linear metal thin film made of silver (Ag), the thickness (film thickness) L3 is 500 nm, the line width L6 is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the length between adjacent conductors 12 is L7 was set to 60 ⁇ m.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 has a surface resistivity of 1.7 ⁇ / ⁇ and a conductor coverage of 3.3%.
- a rubber-based adhesive was used as the adhesive layer 14 .
- the adhesive layer 14 was placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a nitrogen inlet tube, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a stirring device, and a rubber-based polymer (styrene-(ethylene-propylene)-styrene type block copolymer 50 Mixture of % by mass and 50% by mass of styrene-(ethylene-propylene) type block copolymer, styrene content 15%, weight average molecular weight 130,000) 100 parts by weight, synthetic resin (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, FMR-0150) 40 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight of softener (LV-100, manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Co., Ltd.), 0.5 parts by weight of antioxidant (ADEKA Corporation, Adekastab AO-330) and 150 parts by weight of toluene were charged, and 40 C.
- the thickness L4 of the adhesive layer 14 was set to 150 ⁇ m.
- the induced tangent of the adhesive layer 14 is 0.04.
- a synthetic resin sheet made of PET (Lumirror 50T60 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was used as the protective layer 15 .
- the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 was set to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11, the thickness L3 of the conductive thin film layer 16, the thickness L2 of the base layer 13, the thickness L4 of the adhesive layer 14, and the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 are measured at a plurality of arbitrary points. , is obtained by calculating the average value of the obtained measured values.
- a reflectance spectroscopic film thickness measuring instrument eg, F3-CS-NIR manufactured by Filmetrics Co., Ltd.
- the conductor 12 is formed on the base layer 13 .
- a core layer of 0.01 to 3 ⁇ m is formed on one surface of a copper foil having a thickness of 5 to 200 ⁇ m and having sufficient strength as a metal layer by a method such as electrolytic or electroless plating.
- a conductive thin film layer 16 having a predetermined arrangement pattern is formed on the surface of the core layer by a method such as electrolytic or electroless plating.
- the entire conductive thin film layer 16 is covered with the base material layer 13 .
- An adhesive is applied to the base layer 13 in advance.
- the copper foil and core layer are removed by etching. Thereby, the conductor 12 is formed on the base material layer 13 .
- the protective layer 15 is attached to the side of the conductor 12 opposite to the base layer 13 by the adhesive layer 14 .
- the protective layer 15 is adhered onto the conductor 12 of the substrate layer 13 so as to prevent air bubbles from entering.
- the radio wave reflector 11 is manufactured.
- Example 2 The radio wave reflector 11 produced as Example 2 differs from Example 1 in the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity and the length L10 of one side of the shape of the radio wave reflector 11 .
- the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity is -28 dB
- the length L10 of one side is 18 cm.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the radio wave reflector 11 produced as Example 3 is a radio wave reflector 11 having the same configuration as the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, unlike Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. The radio wave reflector 11 has a square shape, the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is 0.05 mm, and the length L10 of one side is 20 cm.
- the radio wave reflector 11 has a maximum radio wave reflection intensity of -28 dB and a total light transmittance of 70.0%.
- a synthetic resin material sheet made of PET (Lumirror 50T60 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was used as the base material layer 13, and the thickness L2 of the base material layer 13 was set to 50 ⁇ m.
- the conductor 12 of the conductive thin film layer 16 is a metal thin film made of copper and has a thickness (film thickness) L3 of 10 nm.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 has a surface resistivity of 6.8 ⁇ / ⁇ and a conductor coverage of 100%.
- the formation of the conductor 12 on the base material layer 13 in Example 3 uses, for example, a roll-to-roll sputtering apparatus.
- a target containing a metal for example, copper
- a ground shield is provided in such a size that 5% of the cathode is covered with respect to the cathode.
- a film forming chamber of the sputtering apparatus is evacuated by a vacuum pump, the pressure is reduced to 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, for example, and argon gas is supplied at a predetermined flow rate (100 sccm), for example.
- the substrate layer 13 is conveyed under the cathode at a conveying speed of 0.1 m/min and a tension of 100 N, for example.
- a pulsed power of 5 kW is supplied from a bipolar power supply connected to the cathode, whereby metal is ejected from the target and deposited on the surface of the substrate layer 13, thereby forming a metal thin film.
- the evaluation of whether or not the metal thin film is formed with the desired thickness is performed, for example, by the following procedure.
- a nanoindenter TI950, manufactured by HYSITRON
- HYSITRON a nanoindenter
- the thickness of the metal thin film is measured from the gap caused by the indentation.
- Example 4 The radio wave reflector 11 produced as Example 4 differs from Example 1 in the structure of the protective layer 15 .
- the protective layer 15 is a synthetic resin material sheet made of PET with anti-glare treatment (AG treatment) applied to the upper and lower surfaces.
- AG treatment anti-glare treatment
- model number N7BB manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. is used, and the protective layer 15 subjected to anti-glare treatment (AG treatment) is hard-coated to withstand normal use of the radio wave reflector 11 .
- the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 is 188 ⁇ m.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is 0.388 ⁇ m, the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity is -20 dB, and the total light transmittance is 83.6%.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- Example 5 The radio wave reflector 11 prepared as Example 5 differs from Example 1 in the structure of the protective layer 15 .
- the protective layer 15 is a synthetic resin material sheet made of PET, the upper surface of which is subjected to anti-glare treatment.
- model number PFN18507HA4 manufactured by Daicel Corporation is used.
- the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 is 188 ⁇ m.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is 0.388 ⁇ m, the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity is -20 dB, and the total light transmittance is 83.7%.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- Example 6 The radio wave reflector 11 prepared as Example 6 differs from Example 1 in the structure of the protective layer 15 .
- the protective layer 15 is a synthetic resin material sheet made of PET, the upper surface of which is subjected to antireflection treatment (AR treatment).
- AR treatment antireflection treatment
- model number PFN10507CAS manufactured by Daicel Corporation is used.
- the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 is 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is 0.3 ⁇ m, the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity is -20 dB, and the total light transmittance is 84.6%.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- Example 7 The radio wave reflector 11 produced as Example 7 differs from Example 1 in the structure of the protective layer 15 .
- the protective layer 15 is a synthetic resin material sheet made of PET, the upper surface of which is subjected to antireflection treatment (AR treatment).
- AR treatment antireflection treatment
- model number Scotchtint LR2CLARX manufactured by 3M Corporation is used.
- the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 is 76 ⁇ m.
- the thickness L1 of the radio wave reflector 11 is 0.276 ⁇ m, the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity is -20 dB, and the total light transmittance is 92.0%.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- Example 8 The radio wave reflector 11 produced as Example 8 differs from Example 1 in the adhesive layer 14 .
- An acrylic adhesive was used as the adhesive layer 14 .
- the acrylic adhesive was obtained by the following procedures. Monofunctional long-chain urethane acrylate (PEM-X264 manufactured by AGC, molecular weight 10000) 40 parts by weight, and acrylic monomer 60 parts by weight (2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2EHA) 35 parts by weight, cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA) 10 parts by weight, 2-hydroxy 10 parts by mass of ethyl acrylate (2HEA) and 5 parts by mass of dimethylacrylamide (DMAA)) were mixed and stirred.
- PEM-X264 manufactured by AGC, molecular weight 10000
- acrylic monomer 60 parts by weight (2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2EHA) 35 parts by weight, cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA) 10 parts by weight, 2-hydroxy 10 parts by mass of ethyl acryl
- a crosslinking agent (1.6 hexanediol diacrylate (A-HD -N, manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)) and a photopolymerization initiator (Omnirad 651 (manufactured by IGM Japan LLC)) were added, stirred, and vacuum degassed. An acrylic adhesive was thus obtained.
- a crosslinking agent 1.6 hexanediol diacrylate (A-HD -N, manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- a photopolymerization initiator (Omnirad 651 (manufactured by IGM Japan LLC)
- the radio wave reflector prepared as Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 in the following points.
- the radio wave reflector has a total light transmittance of 62.0%.
- the conductor 12 of the conductive thin film layer 16 is made of copper, the line width L6 is 5 ⁇ m, the surface resistivity of the conductive thin film layer 16 is 1.1 ⁇ / ⁇ , and the conductor coverage is 30.6%.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the radio wave reflector prepared as Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 3 in the following points.
- the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity is -20 dB, and the total light transmittance is 60.0%.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 has a thickness (film thickness) L3 of 15 nm.
- the surface resistivity of the conductive thin film layer 16 is 2.8 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- Other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment.
- the radio wave reflector prepared as Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 3 in the following points.
- the maximum value of the radio wave reflection intensity is -40 dB, and the total light transmittance is 80.0%.
- the conductive thin film layer 16 has a thickness (film thickness) L3 of 2.5 nm.
- the surface resistivity of the conductive thin film layer 16 is 9.8 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- Other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment.
- Examples Measurement of the intensity of the reflected wave and the frequency at which the reflection intensity of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 (collectively referred to as “samples”), which are the measurement objects, are ⁇ 30 dB or more are described in JISR1679:2007. It was carried out according to the method of measuring the amount of reflection.
- a vector network analyzer (E5061B LF-RF manufactured by Agilent) was used, and a rectangular horn antenna was used as a receiving antenna. The sample, the receiving antenna, and the transmitting antenna were arranged on the same plane, and the distance between the sample and the receiving antenna and the distance between the sample and the transmitting antenna were 1 m.
- the incident angle .theta.1 and the reflection angle .theta.2 of the radio wave with respect to the sample were set to 45 degrees.
- Radio waves whose frequency is changed from 2 GHz to 300 GHz from the transmitting antenna (2 GHz radio wave, 3 GHz radio wave, 5 GHz radio wave, 30 GHz or higher up to 300 GHz in increments of 30 GHz (that is, 30, 60, 90, 120...300 GHz) radio wave) was output, and the reflection intensity for the radio wave of each frequency was measured.
- the coaxial cables of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna were directly connected by a vector network analyzer, and the signal level at each frequency was calibrated as 0. After that, the device was reconfigured and measurements were taken.
- the reflection intensity at each frequency of the sample was measured as the attenuation of the signal level from the 0 point.
- the frequency of the radio wave was 10 GHz or less
- the sample was irradiated with a plane wave using an appropriate millimeter wave lens in consideration of the first Fresnel radius of the rectangular horn antenna.
- the total light transmittance was measured in accordance with the method specified in JISK 7375:2008 with a D65 standard light source (one of the standard light sources specified by the CIE (International Commission on Illumination)).
- the surface resistivity was measured by contacting a measuring terminal to the surface of the conductive thin film layer 16 while the conductive thin film layer 16 was formed and exposed during the manufacturing of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and was measured according to JIS K6911. It was measured by the four-terminal method according to
- Evaluation index Three evaluation indices were set: landscape security, radio wave extension to blind spots, and reflection.
- the appearance security is an index for evaluating the degree of visibility of the transparency of the radio wave reflector 11 and the arrangement pattern of the conductors 12 of the conductive thin film layer 16 . Transparency is evaluated by placing the radio wave reflector 11 on paper on which characters are written and viewing the radio wave reflector 11 from the upper side of the radio wave reflector 11 to see if the characters are visible. Also, the degree to which the arrangement pattern of the conductors 12 of the conductive thin film layer 16 is visible is evaluated as follows. A light source is placed at a position 0.5 m away from the radio wave reflector 11 to irradiate the radio wave reflector 11 with light.
- the radio wave expandability to blind spots is an index for evaluating whether or not the reflected waves reflected by the radio wave reflector 11 can be sufficiently received by the receiving unit 21 in a building with blind spots.
- a test was conducted using a hallway 40 in a building made of reinforced concrete and a stair landing 41 protruding in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the hallway 40 extends.
- the stair landing 41 has a rectangular planar shape and is provided continuously to the opening 43 of the side wall 42 of the corridor 40 .
- the width L20 of the corridor 40 is about 2 m, and the length of the opening 43 along the direction in which the corridor 40 extends, that is, the length L21 of the stair landing 41 along the direction in which the corridor 40 extends is about 3 m.
- the depth of the landing 41 (the length from the opening 43 to the wall facing the opening 43) L22 is approximately 2 m.
- the radio wave reflector 11 is installed so that its center of gravity is positioned at the center of the corridor 40 in the width direction and at the center of the opening 43 of the side wall 42 in the extending direction of the corridor 40 in plan view. .
- the radio wave reflector 11 is erected so that the plane on which radio waves are incident is perpendicular to the floor of the corridor 40 .
- the transmitting antenna 44 which is the radio wave source, is installed in the center of the width direction of the corridor 40 at a distance L23 from the radio wave reflector 11 in plan view, and the distance L23 is set to 5 m.
- a receiving antenna 45 that receives radio waves from the transmitting antenna 44 is installed in the center of the stair landing 41 in plan view.
- a plane including the center of gravity of the transmitting antenna 44, the center of gravity of the receiving antenna 45, and the center of gravity of the radio wave reflector 11 is parallel to the floor of the corridor 40. It is installed using a laser level so that The distance between the floor and said plane is 1.0 m.
- the direction of the surface of the radio wave reflector 11 on which radio waves are incident is such that the incident angle ⁇ 1 and the reflection angle ⁇ 2 of the radio wave to the radio wave reflector 11 are 45 degrees.
- a radio wave with a frequency of 28.5 GHz was output from the transmitting antenna 44 and measurements were taken.
- the vector network analyzer is used to directly connect the coaxial cables of the receiving antenna 45 and the transmitting antenna 44, and the signal level is calibrated to zero.
- the device was reconfigured and measurements were taken.
- a radio wave is output from the transmitting antenna 44 , reflected by the radio wave reflector 11 , and received by the receiving antenna 45 .
- the reflection intensity of the radio wave received by the receiving antenna 45 is measured as the attenuation of the signal level from the 0 point, and when the intensity is -25 dB or more, it is evaluated as " ⁇ ", and when it is -30 dB or more, it is evaluated as " ⁇ ". and the case of less than -30 dB was evaluated as "x".
- the evaluations of " ⁇ " and " ⁇ " mean that the radio wave reflection intensity is practical for use.
- the reflection property is an index indicating the degree to which the light source is reflected on the surface of the radio wave reflector 11 . Reflectivity is evaluated as follows. As shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, a rectangular parallelepiped room 50 having walls 53, a ceiling 52, and a floor 51 was prepared. A distance L30 between the floor surface 51 and the ceiling 52 is 3 m, and two straight tube fluorescent lamps 54, 54 having a length of 1119 mm are attached in parallel to the central portion of the ceiling 52. FIG. A distance L31 between the central position between the two fluorescent lamps 54, 54 and the wall 53 parallel to the fluorescent lamps 54, 54 is 2.5 m. The lateral length L34 of the wall 53 is 4 m.
- the radio wave reflectors 11 of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were attached to the central position of the wall 53 in the lateral direction with double-sided tape.
- the evaluator 55 is standing on the floor 51, at the center in the horizontal direction and at a distance L33 from the wall 53, where the distance L33 is 2 m.
- the distance L32 between the vertical central position of the radio wave reflector 11 and the floor surface 51 is 1.5 m, and the vertical central position of the radio wave reflector 11 is approximately the same as the eye height of the evaluator 55 .
- the lateral center position of the evaluator 55, the radio wave reflector 11, and the longitudinal center position of the fluorescent lamp are arranged in a line in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction when viewed from the top as shown in FIG. 11(B).
- an evaluator 55 evaluated the degree of reflection of the fluorescent lights 54 and 54 on the surface of the radio wave reflector 11 .
- the fluorescent lamps 54, 54 are reflected on the radio wave reflector 11, and the shapes of the fluorescent lamps 54, 54 including the contours of the fluorescent lamps 54, 54 are visually recognized, and the light emitted by the fluorescent lamps 54, 54 is visually recognized. was evaluated as "x".
- Tables 1 and 2 show the evaluation results.
- Example 1 the total light transmittance is as high as 90%, the characters are visible, the arrangement pattern of the conductors 12 is not visible, the landscape security is evaluated as " ⁇ ", and radio waves are transmitted to blind spots.
- the reflection intensity of the radio wave received by the receiving unit 21 was ⁇ 25 dB or more, and the evaluation was “ ⁇ ”.
- Example 8 differs from Example 1 in the type of adhesive, the same results as Example 1 were obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 which has the same structure as Examples 1 and 2, uses copper as the conductor material, has a higher conductor coverage than Example 1, and has a total light transmittance of 62%, which is higher than that of Example 1. was also lower. For this reason, although the radio wave extendability to the blind spot was evaluated as " ⁇ ", the landscape security was evaluated as "x”, and Example 1 was better than Comparative Example 1 in landscape security.
- Example 2 the length L10 of one side of the radio wave reflector 11 is set shorter than in Example 1, but the total light transmittance is as high as 90%, characters are visible, and the conductor 12
- the layout pattern was not visible, and the landscape security was evaluated as " ⁇ ".
- Example 2 was evaluated as " ⁇ " because the radio wave reflection intensity was -30 dB or more.
- Comparative Example 1 the landscape security was evaluated as "x" as described above, and Example 2 was better than Comparative Example 1 in landscape security.
- Example 3 the thickness of the conductive thin film layer 16 is small and the total light transmittance is as high as 70%. It was ⁇ 30 dB or more and was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”.
- Comparative Example 2 which has the same structure as in Example 3, the thickness of the conductive thin film layer 16 is greater than that in Example 3, the total light transmittance is 60%, and the radio wave extension to blind spots is rated as " ⁇ ". Although it was an evaluation, the landscape security was evaluated as "x”.
- Comparative Example 3 which has a structure similar to that of Example 3, the thickness of the conductive thin film layer 16 is smaller than that of Example 3, and although the scenery security is evaluated as " ⁇ ", the radio wave reflection intensity is small and does not affect blind spots. The radio wave expandability was evaluated as "x”.
- Example 4 the upper and lower surfaces of the protective layer 15 are subjected to AG treatment, and in Example 5, the upper surface of the protective layer 15 is subjected to AG treatment.
- the reflection property was evaluated as "good”.
- the thickness L10 of the radio wave reflector 11 is larger than those in Examples 1 to 3, and the landscape security property is evaluated as " ⁇ ", and the radio wave expandability to the blind spot is evaluated as " ⁇ ". Met.
- the upper surface of the protective layer 15 is subjected to AR treatment, and the thickness L5 of the protective layer 15 in Example 6 is set larger than that in Example 7.
- the reflection property was evaluated as " ⁇ ".
- the thickness L10 of the radio wave reflector 11 is larger than those in Examples 1 to 3, and the scenery security property is evaluated as " ⁇ ", and the radio wave expandability to the blind spot is evaluated as " ⁇ ". Met.
- the protective layer 15 was not subjected to AG treatment or AR treatment, and the reflection property was evaluated as "x".
- expressions that express shapes such as squares and cylinders do not only represent shapes such as squares and cylinders in a geometrically strict sense, but also include irregularities and chamfers to the extent that the same effect can be obtained. Shapes including parts etc. shall also be represented. References to "comprise,” “comprise,” “comprise,” “include,” or “have” an element are not exclusive expressions that exclude the presence of other elements.
- substantially parallel means substantially “parallel”, and includes not only a strictly “parallel” state but also an error of several degrees. The same applies to expressions with other "abbreviations”.
- edge refers to the distal portion of an object
- edge refers to an area of definite extent that includes the “edge”. Any point within a certain range including the edge is regarded as an “edge”. The same applies to other expressions with "... part”.
- Radio Wave Reflector 12 Conductor 13 Base Layer 14 Adhesive Layer 15 Protective Layer 16 Conductive Thin Film Layer L6 Conductor Line Width L10 Length of One Side of Radio Wave Reflector
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Abstract
Description
入射波が正反射したときの反射波の強度が、前記入射波の強度に対して-30dB以上になる周波数が存在し、
D65標準光源における全光線透過率が65%以上である、電波反射体。
前記基材層、前記導電薄膜層、前記接着層、前記保護層の順に積層されている、項1に記載の電波反射体。
本発明の実施形態を図面を参照して説明する。本発明の電波反射体11は、図1に示すように、電波発生源20から出力された電波を反射するものであり、反射された反射波は受信部21により受信される。電波発生源20は電波を送信可能な送信アンテナを持つ通信装置等である。受信部21は、電波を受信可能な受信アンテナを持つ通信機器である。受信部21としては、例えば、スマートフォン、携帯電話、タブレット端末、ノートPC、携帯ゲーム機、中継器、ラジオ、テレビ等が挙げられる。
の平均値を
、標準偏差をsとすると尖度は次の式から求められる。
電波反射体11の構造の一例を、図2、図3を用いて説明する。電波反射体11は、導電体12を含む導電薄膜層16と、導電薄膜層16に積層され、基材を含む基材層13と、導電薄膜層16を保護するための保護材を含む保護層15と、導電薄膜層16と保護層15とを接着するための接着剤を含む接着層14とを有するものであってもよい。また、電波反射体11は、導電体12を含む導電薄膜層16と、導電体12をシート形状に保つ樹脂とを備えてもよい。基材を含む基材層13と、導電薄膜層16を保護するための保護材を含む保護層15と、導電薄膜層16と保護層15とを接着するための接着剤を含む接着層14のうち、少なくとも一つを樹脂で構成してもよい。電波反射体11は、図2において、下から基材層13、導電薄膜層16、接着層14、保護層15の順に積層されている。
基材層13は上面に導電体12を含む導電薄膜層16が積層されるものであり、基材から構成される。本実施形態では、外形が平面視において正方形状に形成されているがこれに限定されず、電波反射体11の全体形状に合わせて長方形、円形、楕円形、扇形、多角形、三次元形状等であってもよい。基材層13である基材として、合成樹脂製のシートが用いられる。合成樹脂としては、例えば、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエステル、ポリフォルムアルデヒド、ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、塩化ビニリデン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルアセタール、AS樹脂、ABS樹脂、アクリル樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ナイロン樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂からなる群から選択される1種以上が挙げられる。また、基材層13の厚みL2(図2における上下方向の長さ)は、本実施形態では50μmに設定されているが、これに限定されるものではない。なお、基材層13は基材に加え、任意の合成樹脂等の物質や任意の部材を含んでいてもよい。
導電薄膜層16は、1または複数の線状の導電体12が基材層13の上面に薄膜として形成されていることが好ましい。導電体12は、例えば銀(Ag)から構成されることが好ましい。なお、導電体12は自由電子を持つ金属から構成されていればよく、銀に限らず、例えば、金(Au)、銅(Cu)、白金(Pt)、亜鉛(Zn)、鉄(Fe)、スズ(Sn)、鉛(Pb)、アルミニウム(Al)、コバルト(Co)、インジウム(In)、ニッケル(Ni)、クロム(Cr)、チタン(Ti)、アルチモン(Sb)、ビスマス(Bi)、タリウム(Tl)、ゲルマニウム(Ge),カドミウム(Cd)、シリコン(Si)、タングステン(W)、モリブデン(Mo)、酸化インジウム錫(ITO)、および合金(例えばニッケル、クロムおよびモリブデンを含有する合金)等であってもよいニッケル、クロム及びモリブデンを含有する合金としては、例えば、ハステロイB-2、B-3、C-4、C-2000、C-22、C-276、G-30、N、W、X等の各種グレードが挙げられる。
導電薄膜層16は、例えばメタマテリアル構造を有していてもよい。メタマテリアル構造は、誘電体であるシート形状の導電体12を周期的に等配列させたものであり、この周期配列構造により負の誘電率を有し、周期間隔に基づいて定まる特定の周波数帯域に属する電波を反射する。各導電体12の形状は限定されず上述の形状であってよいが、例えば、図5に示すように、各導電体12は正方形状であってもよい。導電体12が2GHz以上、300GHz以下の周波数の電波を反射するように、一辺の長さL12及び隣り合う導電体12の間の間隔L13が設定されていてもよい。この場合、導電体12の一辺の長さL12は0.7mm以上、800mm以下であってもよく、間隔L13は1μm以上、1000μm以下であってもよい。導電体12の厚みL3は、350nm(0.35μm)以下であることが好ましく、100nm以下であることがより好ましく、さらに50nm以下であることがより好ましい。導電体12の数は基材層13の大きさ(面積)に合わせて適宜設定される。一例では、導電体12は、導電体12は基材層13の大きさに合わせて基材層13上に縦に2つ、横に2つの合計4つ形成されていてもよい。この場合、各導電体12の一辺の長さL12は77.460mm、隣り合う導電体12の間の間隔L13は100μm、厚みL3は350nm(0.35μm)以下に設定されている。導電薄膜層16はメタマテリアル構造に限定されず、金属ナノワイヤ積層膜、多層グラフェン、部分剥離グラファイトのいずれかであってもよい。
導電薄膜層16を構成する導電体12は、例えば、図6に示すような態様でもよい。導電体12は、複数の第1の囲み部61を含む第1の導電部62と、複数の第2の囲み部63を含む第2の導電部64とが、重なるようなパターンで形成されている。第1の囲み部61と第2の囲み部63とは、導電薄膜層に平行な投影面に投影した場合に、互いに共有した部分を有していない。
接着層14は、基材層13および導電薄膜層16の上に保護層15を接着するものであり、接着剤から構成される。接着層14は、平面視において基材層13に対応する大きさを有する。接着層14である接着剤として、合成樹脂やゴム製の粘着シートが用いられる。合成樹脂としては、例えば、アクリル樹脂や、シリコン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂等が挙げられる。接着層14の厚みL4は、本実施形態では150μmに設定されているが、これに限定されるものではない。なお、接着層14は接着剤に加え、任意の合成樹脂等の物質や任意の部材を含んでいてもよい。
保護層15は、平面視において基材層13に対応する大きさを有し、導電体12を保護するものであり、保護材から構成される。保護層15である保護材として、合成樹脂製のフィルムが用いられる。合成樹脂としては、例えばPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)、COP(シクロオレフィンポリマー)、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエステル、ポリフォルムアルデヒド、ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、塩化ビニリデン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルアセタール、AS樹脂、ABS樹脂、アクリル樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ナイロン樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂からなる群から選択される1種以上が挙げられる。保護層15の厚みL5は、本実施形態では50μmに設定されているが、これに限定されるものではない。なお、保護層15には保護材に加え任意の合成樹脂等の物質や任意の部材を含んでいてもよい。
図7に本発明の他の実施形態を示す。図7に示す電波反射体11は、導電薄膜層16A、16Bが上下方向に二層に積層されている。基材層13A上に形成された導電薄膜層16Aと基材層13B上に形成された導電薄膜層16Bと配置パターンが平面から見て重なるように位置合わせされる。なお、導電薄膜層16A、16Bの配置パターンは平面視において重なっていなくてもよく、導電薄膜層16A、16Bは異なる配置パターンで形成されていてもよい。導電薄膜層16Aの上に、基材層13Bの下面が接着層14Aにより貼付けられ、導電薄膜層16Bの上に、接着層14Bにより保護層15が貼付けられている。
図8に電波反射体11の他の実施形態を示す。図8の実施形態においては、電波反射体11は導電薄膜層16と基材層13とを備え、接着層14と保護層15とを備えていない。この場合、導電薄膜層16の導電体12は基材層13の上面の略全面にシート状の薄膜として正方形状に形成されている。導電体12の厚みL3は、本実施形態では10nmとしているが、これに限定されない。表面抵抗率は、本実施形態では9.8Ω/□である。図8の実施形態においては、導電体被覆率は、基材層13の上の導電薄膜層16が設けられている部分における単位面積当たりの導電体12が占める面積の割合として規定され、導電体被覆率は100%となる。本実施形態においては、電波反射体11の全光線透過率は70%である。その他の構成及び作用は図2、図3に示す実施形態と同様であるため、対応する構成に同一の符号を付すことで詳細な説明は省略する。
上記のいずれかの電波反射体11は建築材料30に含まれて使用されてもよい。建築材料30は、例えば図9(A)に示すように、室内や廊下の壁面、天井面、床面、パーティーション用の壁紙、ポスター等の装飾材30A、電灯カバー用の透明シール等の装飾材30Bとして、建築物内に取り付けることが可能なものである。電波反射体11を含んだ装飾材30A、30Bを壁面31や電灯カバー32に取付けることで、屋外から窓33等を介して室内に入った電波を、壁面31や電灯カバー32に設けた装飾材30A、30Bで反射する。これにより、室内空間Sのより広範囲に電波が届き、電波受信の利便性が向上する。
電波反射体11として実施例1~8を作成し、この実施例1~8と比較例1~3とについて、景観担保性、死角への電波拡張性、映り込み性について評価試験を行なった。実施例1~8の条件および評価結果を表1に示し、比較例1~3の条件および評価結果を表2に示す。ただし、本発明の電波反射体11は、実施例1~8に限定されない。
実施例1として作成した電波反射体11は、図2、図3に示す実施形態と同様の構成を有する電波反射体11である。電波反射体11は平面形状が正方形状であり、一辺の長さL10を20cm、電波反射体11の厚みL1を0.25mmとした。なお、電波反射体11の厚みL1は、導電薄膜層16の厚みL3、基材層13の厚みL2、接着層14の厚みL4、保護層15の厚みL5の合計となる。しかし、導電薄膜層16の厚みL3は基材層13、接着層14、保護層15の各厚みL2、L4、L5に比べて非常に薄いため、電波反射体11の厚みL1に導電薄膜層16の厚みL3は考慮されていない。電波反射体11は、2GHz以上、300GHz以下の周波数の入射波が反射したときの電波の反射強度の最大値(以下、「電波反射強度の最大値」ともいう。)が-20dB、全光線透過率が90.0%である。基材層13としてPETからなる合成樹脂材料シート(東レ社製、ルミラー50T60)を用い、基材層13の厚みL2を50μmとした。導電薄膜層16の導電体12は銀(Ag)からなる線状の金属薄膜であり、厚み(膜厚)L3を500nm、線幅L6を0.5μm、隣り合う導電体12の間の長さL7を60μmとした。導電薄膜層16の表面抵抗率は1.7Ω/□、導電体被覆率は3.3%である。接着層14として、ゴム系接着剤を用いた。詳細には、接着層14は、冷却管、窒素導入管、温度計、滴下ロートおよび撹拌装置を備えた反応容器に、ゴム系ポリマー(スチレン-(エチレン-プロピレン)-スチレン型ブロック共重合体50質量%とスチレン-(エチレン-プロピレン)型ブロック共重合体50質量%との混合物、スチレン含有率15%、重量平均分子量13万)100重量部、合成樹脂(三井化学社製、FMR-0150)40重量部、軟化剤(JX日鉱日石エネルギー社製、LV-100)20重量部、酸化防止剤(ADEKA社製、アデカスタブAO-330)0.5重量部およびトルエン150重量部を仕込み、40℃で5時間撹拌したものである。接着層14の厚みL4は150μmとした。接着層14の誘導正接は0.04である。保護層15としてPETからなる合成樹脂製シート(東レ社製、ルミラー50T60)を用いた。保護層15の厚みL5を50μmとした。なお、電波反射体11の厚みL1、導電薄膜層16の厚みL3、基材層13の厚みL2、接着層14の厚みL4、及び保護層15の厚みL5は、任意の複数箇所を測定して、得られた測定値の平均値を算出することで求められる。厚みL1~L5の測定には、例えば、計測器として反射率分光式膜厚測定器(例えば、フィルメトリクス株式会社製、F3-CS-NIR)が用いられた。
実施例2として作成した電波反射体11は、実施例1とは電波反射強度の最大値および電波反射体11の形状の一辺の長さL10が異なっている。実施例2では、電波反射強度の最大値は-28dBであり、一辺の長さL10は18cmである。その他の構成は実施例1と同様である。
実施例3として作成した電波反射体11は、実施例1、2とは異なり図8に示す実施形態と同様の構成を有する電波反射体11である。電波反射体11は正方形状であり、電波反射体11の厚みL1を0.05mm、一辺の長さL10を20cmとした。電波反射体11は、電波反射強度の最大値が-28dB、全光線透過率が70.0%である。基材層13としてPETからなる合成樹脂材料シート(東レ社製、ルミラー50T60)を用い、基材層13の厚みL2を50μmとした。導電薄膜層16の導電体12は銅からなる金属薄膜であり、厚み(膜厚)L3を10nmとした。導電薄膜層16の表面抵抗率は6.8Ω/□、導電体被覆率は100%である。
実施例4として作成した電波反射体11は、実施例1とは保護層15の構成が異なっている。保護層15は上面および下面にアンチグレア処理(AG処理)が施されたPETからなる合成樹脂材料シートである。実施例4では、株式会社きもと製の型番N7BBを用いており、アンチグレア処理(AG処理)が施された保護層15は電波反射体11の通常の使用に耐えるハードコーティングがなされている。保護層15の厚みL5は188μmである。
実施例5として作成した電波反射体11は、実施例1とは保護層15の構成が異なっている。保護層15は上面にアンチグレア処理が施されたPETからなる合成樹脂材料シートである。実施例5では、株式会社ダイセル製の型番PFN18 507HA4を用いている。保護層15の厚みL5は188μmである。
実施例6として作成した電波反射体11は、実施例1とは保護層15の構成が異なっている。保護層15は上面にアンチリフレクション処理(AR処理)が施されたPETからなる合成樹脂材料シートである。実施例6では、株式会社ダイセル製の型番PFN10 507CASを用いている。保護層15の厚みL5は100μmである。
実施例7として作成した電波反射体11は、実施例1とは保護層15の構成が異なっている。保護層15は上面にアンチリフレクション処理(AR処理)が施されたPETからなる合成樹脂材料シートである。実施例7では、株式会社スリーエム製の型番Scotchtint LR2CLARXを用いている。保護層15の厚みL5は76μmである。
実施例8として作成した電波反射体11は、実施例1とは接着層14が異なっている。接着層14として、アクリル系接着剤を用いた。アクリル系接着剤は以下の手順により得たものである。単官能長鎖ウレタンアクリレート(AGC製PEM-X264、分子量10000)40質量部、及びアクリルモノマー60質量部(2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート(2EHA)35質量部、シクロヘキシルアクリレート(CHA)10質量部、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(2HEA)10質量部、及びジメチルアクリルアミド(DMAA)5質量部)を混合、攪拌した。得られた(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体溶液に、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体の固形分100質量部に対して、架橋剤(1.6ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート(A-HD-N、新中村化学製))0.5質量部、及び光重合開始剤(Omnirad651(IGMジャパン合同会社製))を添加し、攪拌し、真空脱泡した。これにより、アクリル系接着剤が得られた。
比較例1として作成した電波反射体は、実施例1とは以下の点において異なっている。電波反射体の全光線透過率が62.0%である。導電薄膜層16の導電体12は銅からなり、線幅L6は5μm、導電薄膜層16の表面抵抗率は1.1Ω/□、導電体被覆率は30.6%である。その他の構成は実施例1と同様である。
比較例2として作成した電波反射体は、実施例3とは以下の点において異なっている。電波反射強度の最大値は、-20dB、全光線透過率が60.0%である。導電薄膜層16は、厚み(膜厚)L3を15nmとした。導電薄膜層16の表面抵抗率は2.8Ω/□である。その他の構成は実施例3と同様である。
比較例3として作成した電波反射体は、実施例3とは以下の点において異なっている。電波反射強度の最大値は-40dB、全光線透過率が80.0%である。導電薄膜層16は、厚み(膜厚)L3を2.5nmとした。導電薄膜層16の表面抵抗率は9.8Ω/□である。その他の構成は実施例3と同様である。
測定対象物である実施例1~8、比較例1~3(まとめて「試料」とも言う。)の反射波の強度と反射強度が―30dB以上となる周波数の測定は、JISR1679:2007に記載された反射量の測定方法に沿って行った。ベクトルネットワークアナライザ(アジレント社製E5061B LF-RF)を用い、受信アンテナとして矩形ホーンアンテナを用いた。試料と受信アンテナと送信アンテナとは同一平面上に配置し、試料と受信アンテナとの間の距離および試料と送信アンテナとの間の距離は1mとした。試料に対する電波の入射角θ1、反射角θ2を45度に設定した。送信アンテナから、周波数を2GHzから300GHzまで変化させた電波(2GHzの電波、3GHzの電波、5GHzの電波、30GHz以上は30GHz刻みに300GHzまで(すなわち、30、60、90、120・・・300GHz)の電波)を出力し、各周波数の電波に対する反射強度を測定した。この時、ベクトルネットワークアナライザにて受信アンテナと送信アンテナの同軸ケーブルを直結し、各周波数における信号レベルを0として校正した。その後再度装置を構成し、測定を行った。試料の各周波数における反射強度は、0点からの信号レベルの減衰量として測定した。なお電波の周波数が10GHz以下の場合においては、矩形ホーンアンテナの第一フレネル半径を考慮し、適宜ミリ波レンズを用いて試料に平面波を照射した。
景観担保性、死角への電波拡張性、映り込み性の3つの評価指標を設定した。
景観担保性は電波反射体11の透明性および導電薄膜層16の導電体12の配置パターンが視認される度合いを評価する指標である。透明性は、文字が書かれた紙の上に電波反射体11を載置し、電波反射体11の上側から電波反射体11を目視した場合に、文字が視認できるか否かを評価する。また、導電薄膜層16の導電体12の配置パターンが視認される度合いは、以下のように評価される。電波反射体11から0.5m離れた位置に光源を配置して光線を電波反射体11に照射する。電波反射体11を挟んで光源とは反対側であって、電波反射体11から0.5m離れた位置において、目視で電波反射体11を観察し、導電体12の配置パターンが視認されるか否かを評価する。文字を視認可能であり、かつ、光源としてLED(Light Emitting Diode)、蛍光灯及び白熱球いずれからの光線を照射した場合においても、目視で導電体12の配置パターンが視認されない場合を「◎」と評価した。文字を視認可能であり、かつ、LEDからの光線を照射した場合には目視で導電体12の配置パターンが視認されるが、蛍光灯からの光線を照射した場合には目視で導電体12の配置パターンが視認されない場合を「〇」と評価した。文字を視認できないか、光源としてLED、蛍光灯からの光線を照射し、いずれの光線でも目視で導電体12の配置パターンが視認される場合を「×」と評価した。「◎」、「〇」の評価は、景観担保性において電波反射体11が実用的に使用できることを意味する。
死角への電波拡張性は、死角のある建物内において、電波反射体11により反射された反射波を受信部21により十分に受信可能であるか否かを評価する指標である。図10に示すように、鉄筋コンクリート製の建物内の廊下40と、廊下40の延在する方向に直交する方向に突出する階段踊場41とを用いて試験を行った。階段踊場41は、平面形状が長方形状であって、廊下40の側壁42の開口部43に連続して設けられている。廊下40の幅L20は約2m、廊下40の延在する方向に沿った開口部43の長さ、すなわち階段踊場41の廊下40の延在する方向に沿う長さL21は約3mであり、階段踊場41の奥行き(開口部43から開口部43に対向する壁までの長さ)L22は約2mである。
映り込み性は、電波反射体11の表面に光源が映り込む度合いを示す指標である。映り込み性は以下のように評価される。図11(A)、図11(B)に示すように、壁53と天井52と床面51を有する直方体の部屋50を用意した。床面51と天井52との間の距離L30は3mであり、天井52の中央部には長さ1119mmの直管蛍光灯54、54が2本平行に取り付けられている。2本の蛍光灯54、54の間の中央位置と、蛍光灯54、54に平行な壁53との距離L31は2.5mである。壁53の横方向の長さL34は4mである。壁53の横方向中央位置に実施例1~8、比較例1~3の電波反射体11を両面テープで取り付けた。評価者55は、床面51上であって、横方向中央であり壁53から距離L33離れた位置に起立しており、距離L33は2mである。電波反射体11の上下方向中央位置と床面51との間の距離L32は1.5mであり、電波反射体11の上下方向中央位置は評価者55の目の高さとほぼ同じである。評価者55と電波反射体11の横方向中央位置と蛍光灯の長さ方向の中央位置とは図11(B)に示すように平面からみて横方向に直交する方向に一列に並んでいる。このような部屋50において、評価者55が電波反射体11の表面に蛍光灯54、54が映り込む度合いを評価した。蛍光灯54、54が電波反射体11に映り込んで、蛍光灯54、54の輪郭を含む蛍光灯54、54の形状が視認されるとともに、蛍光灯54、54が発する光が視認される場合を「×」と評価した。蛍光灯54、54の輪郭や形状は視認されないが、蛍光灯54、54が発する光が視認される場合を「○」と評価した。蛍光灯54、54の輪郭や形状および蛍光灯54、54が発する光が視認されない場合を「◎」と評価した。「◎」、「〇」の評価は、映り込み性において電波反射体11が実用的に使用できることを意味する。
表1、表2に評価結果を示す。実施例1は、全光線透過率が90%と高く、文字が視認可能で、導電体12の配置パターンが視認されず、景観担保性が「◎」の評価であり、また、死角への電波拡張性の試験において、受信部21で受信した電波の反射強度が-25dB以上であり「◎」の評価であった。また、実施例8は実施例1と接着剤の種類が異なるものであるが、実施例1と同じ結果となった。一方、実施例1、2と同様の構造を有する比較例1は、導電体の材料が銅であり導電体被覆率が実施例1よりも高く、全光線透過率が62%と実施例1よりも低くなった。このため、死角への電波拡張性は「◎」の評価であるものの景観担保性が「×」の評価であり、景観担保性において実施例1は比較例1よりも良好であった。
12 導電体
13 基材層
14 接着層
15 保護層
16 導電薄膜層
L6 導電体の線幅
L10 電波波反射体の1辺の長さ
Claims (9)
- 電波を反射させるための電波反射体であって、
入射波が正反射したときの反射波の強度が、前記入射波の強度に対して-30dB以上になる周波数が存在し、
D65標準光源における全光線透過率が65%以上である、電波反射体。 - 入射波の周波数が2GHz以上300GHz以下の任意の周波数である、請求項1に記載の電波反射体。
- 電波を反射させる導電体を含む導電薄膜層と、基材を含む基材層と、前記導電薄膜層を保護するための保護材を含む保護層と、前記導電薄膜層と前記保護層とを接着するための接着剤を含む接着層とを有し、
前記基材層、前記導電薄膜層、前記接着層、前記保護層の順に積層されている、請求項1に記載の電波反射体。 - 前記導電薄膜層は、表面抵抗率が3.5Ω/□以下であり、厚みが500nm以下である、請求項3に記載の電波反射体。
- 前記導電薄膜層は、1または複数の線状の前記導電体により囲まれた導電体の無い領域が、所定の間隔を空けて周期的に配置されている、請求項3または4に記載の電波反射体。
- 前記導電薄膜層において、単位面積当たりの前記導電体が占める面積の割合として規定される導電体被覆率が1%以上、10%以下である、請求項5に記載の電波反射体。
- 前記導電体の線幅は、0.1μm以上、4.0μm以下である、請求項5に記載の電波反射体。
- 全体の形状が、1辺の長さが15cm以上の多角形である、請求項1に記載の電波反射体。
- 前記保護層は、アンチグレア処理またはアンチリフレクション処理が施されている、請求項3に記載の電波反射体。
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| JP2021-213216 | 2021-12-27 | ||
| JP2021213216 | 2021-12-27 | ||
| JP2022123576 | 2022-08-02 | ||
| JP2022-123576 | 2022-08-02 |
Publications (1)
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|---|---|
| WO2023127710A1 true WO2023127710A1 (ja) | 2023-07-06 |
Family
ID=86999113
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2022/047519 Ceased WO2023127710A1 (ja) | 2021-12-27 | 2022-12-23 | 電波反射体 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250105525A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4459796A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2023127710A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20240131343A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA3242379A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202345463A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2023127710A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022138947A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-06-30 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電波散乱体及び電波散乱体を備える電波を減衰させるための部材 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010258514A (ja) * | 2009-04-21 | 2010-11-11 | Ntt Docomo Inc | 屋内移動通信システム |
| WO2022163813A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-04 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 構造体、及び建築材料 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9986669B2 (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-05-29 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Transparency including conductive mesh including a closed shape having at least one curved side |
-
2022
- 2022-12-23 EP EP22915933.0A patent/EP4459796A4/en active Pending
- 2022-12-23 US US18/724,834 patent/US20250105525A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-23 WO PCT/JP2022/047519 patent/WO2023127710A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-23 CA CA3242379A patent/CA3242379A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-23 TW TW111149732A patent/TW202345463A/zh unknown
- 2022-12-23 JP JP2023530227A patent/JPWO2023127710A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-12-23 KR KR1020247021442A patent/KR20240131343A/ko active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010258514A (ja) * | 2009-04-21 | 2010-11-11 | Ntt Docomo Inc | 屋内移動通信システム |
| WO2022163813A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-04 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 構造体、及び建築材料 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ANONYMOUS: "Developed "transparent flexible radio wave reflective film for 5G communication" - Improving the radio wave environment without damaging the landscape -", SEKISUI CHEMICAL - NEWS, SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD., JP, JP, XP009547608, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.sekisui.co.jp/news/2021/1368689_37322.html> * |
| KITAYAMA DAISUKE: "Research or transparent RIS Technology toward 5G evolution & 6G", NTT DOCOMO TECHNICAL JOURNAL, vol. 29, no. 2, July 2021 (2021-07-01), pages 15 - 23, XP093075220 * |
| See also references of EP4459796A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4459796A4 (en) | 2025-12-10 |
| TW202345463A (zh) | 2023-11-16 |
| EP4459796A1 (en) | 2024-11-06 |
| KR20240131343A (ko) | 2024-08-30 |
| JPWO2023127710A1 (ja) | 2023-07-06 |
| CA3242379A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
| US20250105525A1 (en) | 2025-03-27 |
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