WO2023136111A1 - 異常検知装置及び異常検知方法 - Google Patents
異常検知装置及び異常検知方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023136111A1 WO2023136111A1 PCT/JP2022/047828 JP2022047828W WO2023136111A1 WO 2023136111 A1 WO2023136111 A1 WO 2023136111A1 JP 2022047828 W JP2022047828 W JP 2022047828W WO 2023136111 A1 WO2023136111 A1 WO 2023136111A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1408—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic by monitoring network traffic
- H04L63/1425—Traffic logging, e.g. anomaly detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0706—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment
- G06F11/0736—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment in functional embedded systems, i.e. in a data processing system designed as a combination of hardware and software dedicated to performing a certain function
- G06F11/0739—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment in functional embedded systems, i.e. in a data processing system designed as a combination of hardware and software dedicated to performing a certain function in a data processing system embedded in automotive or aircraft systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0751—Error or fault detection not based on redundancy
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- H04L12/12—Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof
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- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0686—Additional information in the notification, e.g. enhancement of specific meta-data
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- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
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- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/48—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for in-vehicle communication
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
- B60R16/0231—Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
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- H04L12/40—Bus networks
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- H04L2012/40273—Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a vehicle
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an anomaly detection device and an anomaly detection method for detecting an anomaly in an in-vehicle network system.
- Non-Patent Document 1 for SOME/IP frames, a service ID, a corresponding destination IP address, and a source IP address are set in advance as normal rules, the frames are monitored, and frames that do not follow the normal rules are detected. A technique has been disclosed that can be detected as an abnormal frame.
- the present disclosure provides an anomaly detection device and an anomaly detection method that can detect anomalous communication by distinguishing whether or not an unusual communication content is by an attacker, and can improve the safety of the entire vehicle. intended to provide
- An anomaly detection device is an anomaly detection device that detects an anomaly in an in-vehicle network system configured by two or more electronic control units and one or more networks, wherein the two or more electronic an ECU attribute storage unit that stores attributes of the electronic control unit set in each control unit; a communication unit that transmits and receives messages on the one or more networks; an anomaly detection unit that detects an abnormal communication by using, among the attributes, the attributes possessed by the electronic control unit that is the transmission source or the destination of the message, and the attributes stored in the ECU attribute storage unit; indicates the function of the electronic control unit having the attribute or the type of information handled by the electronic control unit having the attribute.
- An anomaly detection method is an anomaly detection method for detecting an anomaly in an in-vehicle network system configured by two or more electronic control units and one or more networks, wherein the one or more networks Sending and receiving the above message, and using the attribute of the electronic control unit of the transmission source or destination of the message among the attributes of the electronic control unit set in each of the two or more electronic control units, abnormal communication is detected, and the attribute indicates the function of the electronic control unit having the attribute or the type of information handled by the electronic control unit having the attribute.
- abnormal communication can be detected by distinguishing whether or not the content of communication that differs from usual is by an attacker, and the safety of the entire vehicle can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of an in-vehicle network system according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a TCU according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a central ECU according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user interface ECU according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an abnormality detection ECU according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a zone ECU according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a brake control ECU according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a SOME/IPSD message format in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a SOME/IPSD message according to the first embodiment.
- 10 is a diagram showing an example of a communication log stored in a communication log storage unit according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of ECU attribute information in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an abnormality detection rule using ECU attributes according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for changing attributes of an ECU according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to the operation of an abnormality detection ECU when receiving a frame, according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to ECU attribute setting according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to ECU role attribute setting according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to ECU domain attribute setting according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence regarding abnormality detection using ECU attributes according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to abnormality detection using ECU attributes according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to ECU attribute setting according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to ECU role
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of an abnormality detection rule based on ECU attributes in Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to abnormality detection using source ECU attributes and frames in Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to abnormality detection using ECU attributes in Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence relating to addition of attributes of an ECU according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of ECU attribute information in Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to ECU domain attribute setting according to the third modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart relating to abnormality detection using ECU attributes in Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an example of a log notified when an abnormality is detected in another modified example.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of displaying anomaly detection results on a graphical user interface in another modified example.
- ECUs electronice control units
- Ethernet registered trademark
- IEEE 802.3 Ethernet (registered trademark) specified by IEEE 802.3
- SOME/IP Scalable Service-Oriented Middleware over IP
- SOME/IP stores the service ID of the service it wants to use or the service ID of the service that can be provided in advance, it can dynamically acquire the IP address and MAC address of the communication destination ECU and communicate. Therefore, developers do not need to set in advance information such as IP addresses and MAC addresses that depend on the system environment, and can easily design software with excellent portability.
- Non-Patent Document 1 for SOME/IP frames, the service ID, the corresponding destination IP address, and the source IP address are set in advance as normal rules, and the frame is monitored, and frames that do not follow the normal rule can be detected as abnormal frames.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method of setting a normal communication connection in advance from the IP address or MAC address of the source ECU or the destination ECU as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 is used, in-vehicle applications, ECU update programs, etc. It is necessary to update the detection rules every time the system is installed in the vehicle OTA, and maintaining a high level of accuracy in anomaly detection is a challenge.
- the present disclosure classifies what kind of communication tendency and communication content the ECU has according to changes in the in-vehicle network, and a safer in-vehicle network is realized by an abnormality detection ECU equipped with an abnormality detection function using the classification result.
- the purpose is to provide a system.
- An anomaly detection device is an anomaly detection device that detects an anomaly in an in-vehicle network system configured by two or more electronic control units and one or more networks, wherein the two or more a communication unit for transmitting and receiving messages on the one or more networks; and an abnormality detection unit that detects abnormal communication by using the attributes possessed by the electronic control unit that is the source or destination of the message among the attributes that are stored in the ECU attribute storage unit.
- the attribute indicates the function of the electronic control unit having the attribute or the type of information handled by the electronic control unit having the attribute.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the first aspect, wherein the attribute stored in the ECU attribute storage unit is an electronic control device operating in the in-vehicle network system.
- a sensor attribute that indicates that the electronic control unit has the function of sensing information inside and outside the vehicle, and a brain attribute that indicates that the electronic control unit has the function of processing the sensed information and issuing control instructions.
- an actuator attribute indicating that the electronic control unit has a function of performing control according to the control instruction.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the first aspect, wherein the attribute stored in the ECU attribute storage unit is an electronic control unit in the in-vehicle network system. Indicates the type of information to be handled, power train attribute indicating that control information related to vehicle driving is handled, infotainment attribute indicating that information related to vehicle status notification to the driver is handled, and vehicle body system control information body attributes that indicate handling, ADAS attributes that indicate handling information related to advanced driving assistance functions that assist or replace the driver's vehicle operation, and connectivity that indicates handling information obtained from outside the one or more networks attributes, and any one of
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the first aspect, wherein the anomaly detection unit includes the attribute of the electronic control unit that is the transmission source of the message and the Based on the combination of the attribute of the destination electronic control unit and the attribute, it is determined whether or not the message received by the communication unit is abnormal.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the first aspect, wherein the anomaly detection unit includes the attribute of the electronic control unit that is the source of the message or the destination of the message. and the information included in the message received from the communication section, it is determined whether or not the message received by the communication section is abnormal.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the fifth aspect, wherein the in-vehicle network system transmits and receives messages by service-oriented communication, and receives from the communication unit
- the information contained in the message is information stored in the SOME/IP communication message format.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the fourth aspect, further comprising a communication log storage unit for storing messages received by the communication unit, wherein the anomaly detection The unit refers to the message stored in the communication log storage unit and the ECU attribute storage unit, and establishes the relationship indicating the combination of the attributes of the source and destination electronic control units with which the message is exchanged. for a newly received message, determine that a message between electronic control units having a combination of attributes in which the message exchange occurs in the relationship is normal, and exchange the message in the relationship A message between the electronic control units having a combination of attributes for which no error has occurred is judged to be abnormal.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the second aspect or the third aspect, wherein the in-vehicle network system exchanges messages by service-oriented communication,
- the abnormality detection device further comprises a communication log storage unit for storing messages received by the communication unit, and an ECU attribute setting unit for setting the attributes of the electronic control unit stored in the ECU attribute storage unit,
- the ECU attribute setting section refers to the message stored in the communication log storage section, determines whether the electronic control unit is on the server side or the client side from the message type included in the message, and performs server communication and client side.
- the attribute of the electronic control unit is determined according to the ratio with the communication.
- the attributes of the electronic control unit can be defined from the communication log, and the attributes of the electronic control unit can be automatically updated.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the second aspect or the third aspect, wherein the anomaly detection device further stores a message received by the communication unit. a communication log storage unit; and an ECU attribute setting unit that refers to messages stored in the communication log storage unit and sets attributes of the electronic control unit stored in the ECU attribute storage unit,
- the ECU attribute setting unit refers to the messages stored in the communication log storage unit and the ECU attribute storage unit, and according to the appearance frequency of the attribute of the electronic control unit with which the first electronic control unit communicates, , determining the attributes of the first electronic control unit.
- the attributes of the electronic control unit can be defined from the communication log, and the attributes of the electronic control unit can be automatically updated.
- An abnormality detection device is the abnormality detection device according to the eighth aspect or the ninth aspect, wherein the ECU attribute setting unit determines attributes of the electronic control unit and then If a predetermined period of time has elapsed or the communication unit has received a message that causes a change in the communication trend of the one or more networks, the attribute of the electronic control unit is determined. .
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the tenth aspect, wherein the message that causes a change in the communication tendency of the one or more networks is different from the in-vehicle network system, These are messages that occur when data is acquired from a network or server and installed, or messages that occur when changing, deleting, or updating the function settings of the in-vehicle network system.
- An anomaly detection device is the anomaly detection device according to the ninth aspect, wherein the anomaly detection unit detects, from a message stored in the communication log storage unit, a first electronic control Calculate the appearance frequency of the attribute of the electronic control unit with which the unit communicates, refer to the appearance frequency of the attribute of the first electronic control unit stored in the ECU attribute storage section, and exceed a certain standard If it is disconnected, it is determined that the communication of the first electronic control unit is abnormal.
- An anomaly detection method is an anomaly detection method for detecting an anomaly in an in-vehicle network system configured by two or more electronic control units and one or more networks, wherein the one or more of the attributes of the electronic control unit set in each of the two or more electronic control units, using the attributes of the electronic control unit that is the source or the destination of the message to detect an abnormality
- the attribute indicates the function of the electronic control unit having the attribute or the type of information handled by the electronic control unit having the attribute.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of an in-vehicle network system according to the present embodiment.
- the in-vehicle network system is mounted on a vehicle 10 and configured to communicate with an OTA server 30 via an external network 20 .
- the in-vehicle network system includes a TCU (Telematics Control Unit) 100, a central ECU 200, a user interface ECU 300, an abnormality detection ECU 400, a zone ECU 500a, a zone ECU 500b, a brake control ECU 600a, a vehicle speed detection ECU 600b, and an electric lock control ECU 600c. , an electric lock opening/closing ECU 600d, and a camera ECU 600e.
- TCU Transmission Control Unit
- the vehicle 10 may include many other ECUs.
- the central ECU 200 is communicably connected to the TCU 100, the user interface ECU 300, the abnormality detection ECU 400, the zone ECU 500a, the zone ECU 500b, and the camera ECU 600e via Ethernet.
- the zone ECU 500a is communicably connected to the brake control ECU 600a and the vehicle speed detection ECU 600b via the Controller Area Network (CAN) 1.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- the zone ECU 500b is communicably connected to the electric lock control ECU 600c and the electric lock opening/closing ECU 600d via CAN2.
- the network to which the zone ECU 500a and the zone ECU 500b are connected is not limited to CAN, and may be another network such as FlexRay, dedicated communication line, or wireless communication.
- the OTA server 30 distributes system update files for the vehicle 10, and has platform functions for in-vehicle applications.
- the TCU 100 has a communication interface for communicating with the external network 20 .
- TCU 100 transmits the frame transmitted from central ECU 200 to OTA server 30 via external network 20 .
- the TCU 100 also receives frames transmitted from the OTA server 30 and transmits the frames to the central ECU 200 .
- the central ECU 200 is an ECU that plays a central role in the in-vehicle network system, runs various applications, and implements various functions of the vehicle 10 .
- the central ECU 200 has a switch function and transfers frames received via Ethernet to appropriate ECUs.
- the central ECU 200 transfers the received frame to the abnormality detection ECU 400 using a switch function. Furthermore, upon receiving the frame detection result from the abnormality detection ECU 400 , the central ECU 200 transfers the notification result to the user interface ECU 300 .
- the central ECU 200 transmits and receives frames regarding acquisition of in-vehicle applications, update programs, etc. to and from the TCU 100 .
- the central ECU 200 can execute applications for performing advanced processing such as automatic driving, and can share information necessary for performing advanced processing, control information for performing advanced processing, etc. with other ECUs. communicates between them via Ethernet or CAN.
- the user interface ECU 300 provides a user interface for controlling the vehicle 10. Specifically, it is communicably connected to devices such as a controller for controlling steering, a controller for controlling acceleration and deceleration, an input device such as a switch and a touch panel, a USB port, and a Wi-Fi module.
- the user interface ECU receives user operations via these devices and notifies the central ECU 200 of the contents of the user operations.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 is communicably connected to the central ECU 200, acquires frames received from the central ECU 200, and detects whether or not there is an abnormality in the frames.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 transmits the detection result of the abnormality detection to the central ECU 200 .
- the zone ECU 500a transfers the received frame to an appropriate ECU with the function of a switch. Further, the zone ECU 500a converts the CAN frame received by CAN1 into an Ethernet frame when transferring it to an appropriate ECU via Ethernet. Further, the zone ECU 500a converts an Ethernet frame received via Ethernet into a CAN frame when transferring it to an appropriate ECU of CAN1. Since the zone ECU 500b has the same configuration as the zone ECU 500a, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the zone ECU 500a and the zone ECU 500b may use FlexRay, dedicated Any one of communication line and wireless communication network frames and Ethernet frames can be bi-directionally converted. That is, when the zone ECU 500a and the zone ECU 500b are communicably connected to two different types of networks, they can convert one of two different types of frames to the other.
- the brake control ECU 600a controls the brakes of the vehicle 10.
- the vehicle speed detection ECU 600b measures the speed of the vehicle 10 with a sensor.
- the electric lock control ECU 600c controls the opening and closing of electric locks provided in the vehicle 10.
- the electric lock opening/closing ECU 600d opens and closes the electric locks of the vehicle 10.
- the camera ECU 600e acquires the image of the camera provided in the vehicle 10.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the TCU in this embodiment.
- TCU 100 includes external communication section 101 , conversion section 102 and internal communication section 103 .
- the external communication unit 101 is a communication interface that communicates with the external network 20 and communicates with the OTA server 30 via the external network 20 .
- the external communication unit 101 exchanges information with the conversion unit 102 .
- the internal communication unit 103 is a communication interface and communicates with the central ECU 200 via Ethernet.
- the internal communication unit 103 notifies the conversion unit 102 of the frame received from the central ECU 200, receives a frame transmission request from the conversion unit 102, and transmits the frame to the Ethernet.
- Conversion unit 102 converts the data required to transfer a message received from one of internal communication unit 103 and external communication unit 101 via internal communication unit 103 and external communication unit 101 into a predetermined format. and send to the other.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the central ECU in this embodiment.
- the central ECU 200 in FIG. 3 includes a communication unit 201 , a host OS unit 202 and a guest OS unit 203 .
- the communication unit 201 is communicably connected to the TCU 100, the user interface ECU 300, the abnormality detection ECU 400, the zone ECUs 500a, 500b, and the camera ECU 600e via Ethernet. Transfers frames using the switch function. Also, the communication unit 201 transfers the received frame to the abnormality detection ECU 400 in order to monitor the received frame. Furthermore, the communication unit 201 transmits and receives information to and from the host OS unit 202 .
- the host OS unit 202 is the main operating system (OS) of the central ECU 200.
- the host OS unit 202 exchanges information with the communication unit 201 and notifies the guest OS unit 203 of the content of communication.
- the host OS section 202 has authority to change the system settings of the guest OS section 203.
- the host OS unit 202 acquires operation information indicating a user's operation received by the user interface ECU 300 via the communication unit 201, and downloads the in-vehicle application instructed to be downloaded based on the operation information from the OTA server 30. A message is sent to the TCU 100 to download to the guest OS unit 203 .
- the host OS unit 202 acquires operation information indicating a user's operation received by the user interface ECU 300 via the communication unit 201, and deletes the guest OS for which the deletion instruction has been issued based on the operation information. Install the guest OS of Thus, the host OS section 202 can perform system management.
- the guest OS unit 203 is an OS on which applications of the central ECU 200 operate. As an example of an application, the guest OS unit 203 acquires video data from the camera ECU 600e via the communication unit 201, and if the vehicle 10 is within a certain distance from an object recognized as a person in the video data, It has a function of requesting the brake control ECU 600 a to decelerate the vehicle 10 .
- the guest OS unit 203 may be host-type virtualization software or hypervisor-type virtualization software.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the user interface ECU in the present embodiment.
- the user interface ECU 300 includes a communication section 301 and an external device connection section 302 .
- the communication unit 301 is communicably connected to the central ECU 200 and exchanges information with the central ECU 200 .
- the communication unit 301 mainly plays a role of notifying the central ECU 200 of information received from the external device connection unit 302 .
- the external device connection unit 302 is communicably connected to the device operated by the user or the interface of the external connection device, and notifies the communication unit 301 of the information acquired from these devices.
- the externally connected device may be, for example, a controller for controlling steering, a controller for controlling acceleration/deceleration, a switch, an input device such as a touch panel, or the like.
- the externally connected device may be, for example, a USB port, a Wi-Fi module, a diagnostic port, or a communication interface device such as Bluetooth.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an abnormality detection ECU in the present embodiment.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 includes a communication unit 401, an abnormality detection unit 402, a communication log generation unit 403, a communication log storage unit 404, an ECU attribute setting unit 405, an ECU attribute storage unit 406, and an abnormality detection rule. and a storage unit 407 .
- the communication unit 401 is communicably connected to the central ECU 200 and exchanges information with the central ECU 200 .
- the communication unit 401 receives frames transmitted from the central ECU 200 and transfers the received frames to the abnormality detection unit 402 and the communication log generation unit 403 .
- the communication unit 401 transmits the frame including the abnormality determination result to the central ECU 200 .
- the anomaly detection unit 402 receives the frame transferred from the communication unit 401, and if the received frame conforms to the service-oriented communication protocol, performs anomaly detection on the received frame.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 When an abnormality is detected, the abnormality detection unit 402 creates a frame containing the detection result, notifies the communication unit 401 of the frame, and transmits the frame to the central ECU 200 .
- the anomaly detection unit 402 refers to the ECU attribute storage unit 406 from the IP address (source IP address or destination IP address) included in the received frame and acquires the ECU attribute corresponding to the IP address in the anomaly detection. In addition, the anomaly detection unit 402 acquires an anomaly detection rule used for anomaly detection from the anomaly detection rule storage unit 407 in the anomaly detection. A method of abnormality detection by the abnormality detection unit 402 will be described later.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines whether the frame transferred from the communication unit 401 is a frame containing information that causes a change in the communication tendency of the in-vehicle network. If the transferred frame is a frame containing information that causes a change in the communication trend of the in-vehicle network, abnormality detection unit 402 refers to the destination IP address (destination IP address) of the frame, and ECU attribute storage unit 406 , the attribute setting flag corresponding to the IP address of is turned ON.
- the frame containing information that causes a change in the communication tendency of the in-vehicle network is a frame generated when an application is downloaded to the guest OS unit 203, a frame generated when an update file is transmitted to the ECU, or the like. be.
- a frame (message) containing information that causes a change in the communication trend of an in-vehicle network is a message that occurs when data is acquired from a network or server and installed, or an in-vehicle system This is a message that occurs when changing, deleting, or updating the function settings of .
- the communication log generation unit 403 receives the frame transferred from the communication unit 401, extracts part of the information contained in the received frame, creates a communication log, and stores the created communication log in the communication log storage unit 404. to add.
- the communication log generation unit 403 also has a function of measuring time in order to add a time stamp indicating the time when the communication log was created to the communication log.
- the communication log storage unit 404 stores communication logs transferred from the communication log generation unit 403. Details of the communication log stored in the communication log storage unit will be described later.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the communication log from the communication log storage unit 404, and for each IP address, what kind of communication tendency is observed and what kind of role attribute the ECU has, or what kind of information is handled to guess what kind of domain attribute the ECU has, and the result of the guess is stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 .
- ECU communication trends can change due to OTA system updates, termination of in-vehicle subscription services, changes in vehicle settings by the driver, etc. Therefore, what kind of role attributes and domain attributes does the ECU have at a specific timing? Verify whether or not Here, the specific timing is, for example, when the abnormality detection unit 402 receives a notification of system shutdown, or any timing during the night when the user does not operate the vehicle 10 . A detailed method of setting the role attribute of the ECU and the domain attribute of the ECU will be described later.
- the ECU attribute storage unit 406 stores ECU attributes for each IP address estimated by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 .
- the ECU attribute represents both the role attribute of the ECU and the domain attribute of the ECU.
- the role attribute of the ECU is an attribute that indicates the function of the ECU that operates in the in-vehicle network system from the viewpoint of the role that the ECU plays in the vehicle 10 .
- the role attributes of the ECU are the sensor attribute (sensor), which indicates that the ECU has the function of sensing information inside and outside the vehicle, and the brain attribute (brain attribute), which indicates that the ECU has the function of processing the sensed information and giving control instructions. (brain), and an actuator attribute (actuator) indicating that the ECU has a function of performing control according to a control instruction.
- the ECU's domain attribute is an attribute that indicates the type of information handled by the ECU in the in-vehicle network system from the perspective of the role of data sent to the in-vehicle network.
- the ECU domain attributes include a power train attribute (power train) indicating handling of control information related to running of the vehicle 10 such as running, turning, and stopping, and information relating to notification of the state of the vehicle 10 to the driver (operator).
- infotainment indicating that the vehicle 10 controls the body system of the vehicle 10
- ADAS ADAS
- connectivity attribute indicating that information acquired from the external network 20 is handled.
- the anomaly detection rule storage unit 407 stores an anomaly determination rule necessary when the anomaly detection unit 402 determines an anomaly of a frame. Details of the abnormality determination rule stored in the abnormality determination rule storage unit 407 will be described later.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a zone ECU in the present embodiment.
- the zone ECU 500 a includes a host section 501 and a communication section 502 .
- the zone ECU 500b is connected to a different ECU, it has the same configuration as the zone ECU 500a, so a description thereof will be omitted.
- the host unit 501 is the main part of the zone ECU 500a, is implemented by a CPU and a memory, and executes processing according to the content of communication received from the communication unit 502. For example, the zone ECU 500a receives frames notified from the camera ECU 600e and the vehicle speed detection sensor ECU 600b when the user of the vehicle 10 parks in the back (backward direction). The zone ECU 500a transmits a control message to the brake control ECU 600a based on the image of the rear of the vehicle 10 and the speed of the vehicle 10 obtained from the received frame so as not to contact the obstacle.
- the communication unit 502 is communicably connected to the central ECU 200 via Ethernet, and is communicably connected to the brake control ECU 600a and the vehicle speed detection ECU 600b via CAN1.
- the communication unit 502 has a switch function of transferring frames according to the contents of the received frames.
- the communication unit 502 also has a function of converting from a CAN frame to an Ethernet frame, and from an Ethernet frame to a CAN frame.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the brake control ECU in the present embodiment. Since the vehicle speed detection ECU 600b, the electric lock control ECU 600c, the electric lock opening/closing ECU 600d, and the camera ECU 600e have the same configuration as the brake ECU 600a, descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- the brake ECU 600a includes a communication section 601, a host section 602, and an external device connection section 603.
- a communication unit 601 is a communication interface for communicating with a network (CAN1), and is communicably connected to CAN1.
- the communication unit 601 receives a frame flowing through the network, notifies the host unit 602 of the received frame, receives a transmission request from the host unit 602, and transmits the frame to the CAN1.
- the host unit 602 generates a frame including information acquired from an externally connected device such as a sensor or actuator, and requests the communication unit 601 to transmit the generated frame. Also, the host unit 602 performs control processing for externally connected devices based on frame information notified from the communication unit 601 .
- the external device connection unit 603 Based on the control information notified from the host unit 602, the external device connection unit 603 performs a control operation of the external device, or converts the control operation of the external device into control information, and transmits the control information to the host unit 602. to notify.
- SOME/IP defines four types of communication methods: Request/Response, Fire/Forget, Events, and Get/Set/Notifier. Combining these methods realizes service-oriented communication. be.
- SOME/IP provides a method for establishing a session with a communication partner, and this method is called Service Discovery (SD).
- SD Service Discovery
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the SOME/IP SD message format in this embodiment.
- the message format is stored in the Ethernet payload section.
- the message format consists of a SOME/IP header and a SOME/IP SD, and one line is 32 bits long.
- the SOME/IP header includes Message ID, Length, Request ID, Protocol Version, Interface Version, Message Type, and Return Code.
- the Message ID is 0xFFFF8100.
- Length stores the number of bytes of data after the Length field.
- the Request ID stores a numerical value that is the sum of the Client ID and Session ID.
- the Protocol Version is 0x01
- the Interface Version is 0x01
- the Message Type is 0x02
- the Return Code is 0x00.
- SOME/IP SD includes Flags, Reserved, Length of Entries Array in Bytes, Entries Array, Length of Options Array in Bytes, and Options Array.
- the Length of Entries Array in Bytes stores the number of bytes in the Entry Array.
- the Length of Options Array in Bytes stores the number of bytes in the Options Array.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a SOME/IP SD message in this embodiment.
- the Entry Array includes Index 1st Options, Index 2nd Options, #ofop1, #ofop2, Service ID, Instance ID, Major Version, TTL, and Minor Version.
- the Options Array includes Length, Type, Reserved, IPv4 Address, Reserved, L4-Proto, and Port number.
- SOME/IP SD is a message indicating that the Service ID is 0x1000 and that the service with the Service ID of 0x1000 can be provided.
- 0x80 is set in Flags, and 0x80 indicates the Reboot Flag.
- the Reserved area is set to 0.
- 16 bytes are set in Length of Entries Array in Bytes.
- Type can be set to 0x00 or 0x01, with 0x00 meaning Find and 0x01 meaning Offer. Find is used when a client ECU receiving a service requests the provision of a necessary service, and Offer is used when a server ECU that provides a service notifies of services that it can provide. .
- Type is set to 0x01.
- Index 1st options indicates the position of the first option, and 0 is set in FIG. 9, indicating that it is the first option area.
- Index 2nd options indicates the position of the second option, and 0 is set in FIG.
- #of opt1 is a field indicating the number of options 1, and 1 is set in FIG.
- #of opt2 is a field indicating the number of option 2, and in FIG. 9, 0 is set, indicating that option 2 is not used.
- Service ID is a field indicating an ID indicating the type of service, and is set to 0x1000 in FIG.
- “Instance ID” is an ID that indicates the instance of the service, and in FIG. 9 it is shown as an instance of 0x0001.
- TTL is a field for setting the expiration date (seconds) of the service, and is set to 0xFFFF in FIG. 0xFFFF means that the service is valid until the next activation timing of the ECU.
- Minor Version is used for service version management, and is set to 0x00000002 in FIG.
- the length of the Option area is set in the Length of Options Array in Bytes, and 12 bytes are set in FIG.
- Length is determined according to the type of option.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of communication using IPv4, where Length is set to 9, Type is set to 0x04, and Reserved is set to 0x00.
- the IPv4 address is the IP address of the server, and 192.168.0.1 is set in FIG.
- 0 is set in the Reserved area.
- 0x11 is set in L4-Proto, and 0x11 indicates that User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used.
- UDP User Datagram Protocol
- port number is set, and in FIG. 9 it is shown to be port number 35000.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication log stored in the communication log storage unit.
- the communication log includes timestamp, source IP address, destination IP address, source port, destination port, transport protocol, service ID, method ID, message type, and message size.
- Each row in FIG. 10 represents one SOME/IP message transferred from the communication unit 401 to the communication log generation unit 403 .
- the time stamp included in the communication log is the time acquired by the communication log generation unit 403 when generating the communication log.
- Information other than the time stamp included in the communication log is part of the information extracted from the Ethernet frame received by the communication log generator 403 .
- the source IP address is extracted from the source IP address field included in the Ethernet frame.
- the destination IP address is extracted from the destination IP address field included in the Ethernet frame.
- the source port is extracted from the source port included in the Ethernet frame.
- the destination port is extracted from the destination port contained in the Ethernet frame.
- the transport protocol is extracted from the protocol contained in the Ethernet frame.
- the service ID is extracted from the SOME/IP message format ServiceID contained in the Ethernet frame.
- the merit ID is extracted from the MethodID of the SOME/IP message format included in the Ethernet frame.
- the message type is extracted from the SOME/IP message format Message Type contained in the Ethernet frame.
- the message size is extracted from the Length of the SOME/IP message format contained in the Ethernet frame.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of ECU attribute information stored in the ECU attribute storage section.
- the ECU attribute information includes an IP address, an ECU attribute, an attribute setting flag, the date and time when the flag is set to OFF, and the date and time when the flag is set to ON.
- the ECU attribute includes two items, an ECU role attribute and an ECU domain attribute.
- the role attribute of ECU has three attributes of sensor, brain, and actuator, and the domain attribute of ECU has five attributes of connectivity, powertrain, ADAS, body, and infotainment.
- the IP address is the source IP address included in the frame received by the anomaly detection unit 402 .
- the abnormality detection unit 402 receives a frame including an IP address that is not recorded in the ECU attribute storage unit 406, it adds a new IP address line to the ECU attribute information.
- the added line contains, as initial values, all 0 when the attribute of the ECU and the flag are set to OFF, the attribute setting flag to ON, and the time stamp included in the received frame when the flag is set to ON. Record.
- the ECU attribute is set by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 .
- a method of setting the ECU attribute by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 will be described later.
- the ECU attributes are used to refer to what attributes the ECU has when the abnormality detection unit 402 detects an abnormality.
- the attribute setting flag is a flag used by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 to determine whether or not to reset the ECU attribute. If the attribute setting flag is ON, the ECU attribute setting unit 405 will reset the ECU attribute at the next opportunity, and if the attribute setting flag is OFF, the ECU attribute setting unit 405 will 405 indicates that the resetting of ECU attributes is not performed.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets the attribute setting flag to OFF at the timing when the ECU attribute setting process is completed.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets the attribute setting flag to ON when it detects that a predetermined time has passed since the date and time when the flag was set to OFF.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets the attribute setting flag to ON.
- the time when the attribute setting flag is set to OFF by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 is set in UNIX (registered trademark) time. If a value has already been recorded at the date and time when the flag is set to OFF, a value with a larger UNIX time is set. This value is referenced at a specific timing by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 and used to determine whether or not a predetermined time or more has elapsed from the recorded UNIX time.
- the time when the attribute setting flag is set to ON by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 is set in UNIX time. If a value has already been recorded for the date and time when the flag is set to ON, a value with a larger UNIX time is set. This value is referenced by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 at the timing of setting the attributes of the ECU, and is used to acquire the communication log necessary for the attribute setting from the communication log storage unit 404 .
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an abnormality detection rule using an ECU attribute, which is stored in the abnormality detection rule storage unit.
- the anomaly detection rule is used to determine whether the communication of the target frame is normal or abnormal.
- the abnormality detection rule indicates whether the combination of the ECU attribute of the source ECU and the ECU attribute of the destination ECU is OK or NG.
- the anomaly detection rule indicates that the communication of the combination of the source ECU and the destination ECU for which OK is indicated is normal, and indicates that the communication for the combination of the source ECU and the destination ECU for which NG is indicated is abnormal.
- the anomaly detection rule if communication with an OK combination occurs, the communication is determined to be normal, and if communication with an NG combination occurs, the communication is determined to be abnormal.
- the target frame is determined to be normal because the role attribute of the source ECU is the sensor and the destination ECU
- the role attribute of is a combination of Brain
- the role attribute of the source ECU is Brain
- the role attribute of the destination ECU is a combination of Sensor, Brain, and Actuator
- the role attribute of the source ECU is Actuator and the role attribute of the destination ECU is It is a combination of brains.
- the target frame is determined to be normal only when the domain attribute of the source ECU is ADAS and the role attribute is brain.
- the domain attribute of the ECU is a combination of the body and the role attribute of the brain. This is because when an ECU whose domain attribute is body and whose role attribute is actuator receives a control command such as opening/closing an electric lock or opening/closing an airbag, the ECU that detects the operation of the car key and controls the electric lock receives the control command. or the ECU that controls automatic driving detects danger to the driver and sends a control command to open the airbag.
- a frame in which the domain attribute of the source ECU is connectivity and the domain attribute of the destination ECU is a combination of power trains is defined as abnormal communication. This is because the vehicle may be remotely controlled if the connectivity ECU, which handles communication information with the outside, communicates with the powertrain ECU, which handles control information for driving the vehicle.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for changing the attributes of the ECU according to the present embodiment.
- the user of the vehicle 10 operates the touch panel of the user interface ECU 300 to uninstall the ADAS-related application installed in the guest OS unit 203 of the central ECU 200 and install the infotainment-related application
- an abnormality is detected.
- the ECU 400 detects a change in the in-vehicle network and resets the ECU attribute information used for abnormality detection.
- the user interface ECU 300 receives an operation from the user to uninstall the ADAS-related application installed in the guest OS section 203 of the central ECU 200, and request that the infotainment-related application be installed.
- the central ECU 200 uninstalls the ADAS-related application (ADAS application) of the guest OS unit 203.
- ADAS application ADAS-related application
- the central ECU 200 requests the OTA server 30 to transmit the installer of the infotainment-related application (infotainment app) to the guest OS unit 203.
- the OTA server 30 transmits a frame including the installer to the guest OS section 203 of the central ECU 200.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 of the abnormality detection ECU 400 extracts the IP address of the central ECU stored in the transferred frame. Furthermore, the abnormality detection unit 402 refers to the IP address stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406, and if the extracted IP address is included, sets the attribute setting flag corresponding to the IP address to ON. do.
- the central ECU 200 installs the infotainment application using the received installer.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart concerning the operation of abnormality detection ECU 400 when receiving a frame according to the present embodiment.
- the communication unit 401 receives a frame transferred from the central ECU 200.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether the source IP address and the destination IP address stored in the frame received in step S201 are stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406. If at least one of the source IP address and the destination IP address is not stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 (No in S202), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S203. If both the source IP address and the destination IP address are stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 (Yes in S202), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S204.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 newly stores in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 an IP address that is not stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406, out of the source IP address and the destination IP address of the received frame. Turn on the attribute setting flag. Furthermore, the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the date and time in UNIX time, and stores the acquired UNIX time in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 as the time when the attribute setting flag is turned ON.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether the source IP address of the received frame is a specific IP address. If the source IP address of the received frame is the specific IP address (Yes in S204), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S205, and the source IP address of the received frame is the specific IP address. If it is not an IP address (No in S204), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S206.
- a frame transmitted from a specific IP address is a frame containing information that causes a change in the communication tendency of the in-vehicle network. This is a frame generated when sending a file to the ECU.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 turns on the attribute setting flag of the corresponding IP address in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 for the destination IP address of the received frame. Furthermore, the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the date and time in UNIX time, and stores the acquired UNIX time in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 as the time when the attribute setting flag is turned ON.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines whether or not the received frame is abnormal using the ECU attribute. The details of the abnormality detection process using the ECU attribute will be described later.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 stores the received frame in the communication log storage unit 404.
- FIG. 15 is an example of a flowchart regarding ECU attribute setting according to the present embodiment.
- An ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets an attribute for each IP address of the ECU.
- the ECU attribute setting process is performed at specific timings, such as when the vehicle system is shut down or at any time during the night when the vehicle is not being operated. To distinguish between normal communication caused by a change in tendency and abnormal communication by an attacker.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the start date and time in UNIX time at the start of processing.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 refers to the IP addresses for which the attribute setting flag is set to OFF among the IP addresses stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406, and refers to the date and time when the flag is set to OFF.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether or not there is an IP address whose attribute setting flag is ON among the IP addresses stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406. If there is an IP address whose attribute setting flag is ON (Yes in S302), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes step S303. If there is no IP address whose attribute setting flag is ON (No in S302), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 terminates the ECU attribute setting process.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the ECU attribute information of the IP address for which the attribute setting flag of the ECU attribute storage unit 406 is ON.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sequentially selects one IP address from the acquired ECU attribute information of the IP address.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the date and time when the flag of the selected IP address is set to ON.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires a set of communication logs from the communication log storage unit 404 for the selected IP address.
- the collection of communication logs is the communication logs in which the selected IP address is included in the source IP address or the destination IP address from among the communication logs stored in the communication log storage unit 404, and the time stamp is selected. This is a collection of communication logs recorded after the set date and time when the flag of the IP address that was set to ON.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether or not the set of acquired communication logs includes a predetermined number or more of communication logs. If the set of acquired communication logs includes a predetermined number or more of communication logs (Yes in S307), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S308. If the acquired set of communication logs does not include a predetermined number or more of communication logs (No in S307), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S311.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 uses the selected IP address and the set of acquired communication logs to set the role attribute of the ECU. Details will be described later.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets the domain attribute of the ECU using the selected IP address and the set of acquired communication logs. Details will be described later.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 turns OFF the attribute setting flag of the ECU attribute storage unit 406 for the selected IP address.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the date and time in UNIX time, and stores the acquired date and time in the flag OFF setting date and time as the time when the attribute setting flag is turned OFF.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether or not all target ECU attribute information has been selected. If all target ECU attribute information has been selected (Yes in S311), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 terminates the process. If all the target ECU attribute information has not been selected (No in S311), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S304.
- FIG. 16 is an example of a flowchart for ECU role attribute setting by the ECU attribute setting unit 405 according to the present embodiment.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 confirms whether the selected IP address is included in the source IP address or the destination IP address and what the message type is for the set of acquired communication logs. do.
- the message type is Notification
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines that the source IP address is the server side and the destination IP address is the client side. If the address is determined to be on the server side and the message type is Response, it is determined that the source IP address is on the server side and the destination IP address is on the client side.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 calculates the ratio of the server-side communication log and the client-side communication log of the selected IP address in the acquired set of communication logs, and furthermore, with respect to the selected IP address, Count the number of times a Request message type is received and the number of times a Response message type is sent.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether or not the communication log on the server side accounts for 90% or more of the set of acquired communication logs. When the communication log on the server side is 90% or more (Yes in S402), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S403. If the communication log on the server side is less than 90% (No in S402), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S405.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether or not the number of times the Request message is received matches the number of times the Response message is transmitted for the selected IP address in the set of acquired communication logs. . When the number of times the Request message is received matches the number of times the Response message is transmitted (Yes in S403), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S404. If the number of times the Request message is received does not match the number of times the Response message is transmitted (No in S403), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S406.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines that the ECU with the selected IP address has a sensor role, and sets 1 to the ECU role attribute sensor with the selected IP address in the ECU attribute storage unit 406.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether or not communication on the client side accounts for 70% or more of the set of acquired communication logs. If the communication on the client side is 70% or more (Yes in S405), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S407. If the communication on the client side is less than 70% (No in S405), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes the process of step S406.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines that the ECU with the selected IP address has the role of the actuator, and sets 1 to the actuator of the ECU role attribute with the selected IP address in the ECU attribute storage unit 406.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines that the ECU of the selected IP address has the role of the brain, and sets 1 to the brain of the ECU role attribute of the selected IP address in the ECU attribute storage unit 406.
- step S402 it is determined whether or not communication logs on the server side account for 90% or more of the acquired set of communication logs. is 70% or more, but the ratios used as thresholds in steps S402 and S405 are not limited to 90% and 70%, respectively. These threshold ratios may be adjusted appropriately according to the communication tendency of the vehicle type.
- FIG. 17 is an example of a flowchart for ECU domain attribute setting by the ECU attribute setting unit according to the present embodiment.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 acquires the domain attribute of the IP address of the communication destination of the selected IP address from the ECU attribute storage unit 406 for the set of acquired communication logs. counts the number of appearances for each of the five domain attributes of connectivity, powertrain, ADAS, body, and infotainment, and extracts the domain attribute with the highest number of appearances.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 excludes, from the acquired set of communication logs, the communication log in which the attribute setting flag of the IP address of the communication destination of the selected IP address is ON from the acquired set of communication logs. Then, as in step S501, the number of occurrences of each domain attribute is counted, and the domain attribute with the highest number of occurrences is extracted.
- the IP address of the communication destination of the selected IP address is the IP address of the destination paired with the IP address of the transmission source when the ECU of the selected IP address is the IP address of the transmission source. If the ECU of the address is the IP address of the destination, it is the IP address of the transmission source paired with the IP address of the destination.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether the domain attribute extracted in step S501 and the domain attribute extracted in step S502 are the same. If they match (Yes in S503), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes step S504. If they do not match (No in S503), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes step S505.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets the domain attribute extracted in step S501 as the domain attribute of the selected IP address, and stores the ECU attribute storage unit 406 in the ECU domain attribute of the selected IP address in step S501. Set the domain attribute extracted in to 1.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 refers to the ECU attribute storage unit 406 and acquires the domain attribute of the selected IP address.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 determines whether the domain attribute extracted in step S501 and the domain attribute acquired in step S505 are the same. If the domain attribute extracted in step S501 and the domain attribute acquired in step S505 are the same (Yes in S506), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes step S504. If the domain attribute extracted in step S501 and the domain attribute acquired in step S505 are not the same (No in S506), the ECU attribute setting unit 405 executes step S507.
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets the domain attribute extracted in step S502 as the domain attribute of the selected IP address, and stores the ECU attribute storage unit 406 in the ECU domain attribute of the selected IP address in step S502. Set the domain attribute extracted in to 1.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of a sequence related to abnormality detection using ECU attributes by the abnormality detection ECU according to the present embodiment. It is assumed that the attacker has obtained the operation authority due to the vulnerability of the camera ECU 600e.
- the vehicle speed detection ECU 600b sends a SOME/IP message frame with vehicle speed information to the electric lock control ECU 600c.
- the frame is transmitted to central ECU 200 via zone ECU 500a.
- the central ECU 200 transfers the frame (communication frame) received from the vehicle speed detection ECU 600b to the abnormality detection ECU 400.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 confirms that the frame (communication frame) transferred from the central ECU 200 complies with the service-oriented communication protocol, and determines whether the frame is abnormal using the ECU attributes. detect. The details of the abnormality detection processing by the abnormality detection ECU 400 will be described later.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 determines that the frame is normal as a result of the abnormality detection.
- the camera ECU 600e transmits a SOME/IP message frame requesting unlocking of the electric lock to the electric lock opening/closing ECU 600d.
- the central ECU 200 transfers the frame (communication frame) acquired from the camera ECU 600e to the abnormality detection ECU 400.
- the anomaly detection ECU 400 determines that the frame is an anomaly, and transmits an alert notification frame to the user interface ECU 300.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart related to abnormality detection processing using ECU attributes to determine whether SOME/IP communication frames are performing abnormal communication by the abnormality detection unit 402 according to the present embodiment. is an example.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 acquires the source IP address and the destination IP address included in the received SOME/IP message frame, and refers to the ECU attribute storage unit 406 to determine the source IP address and the destination IP address. Get each ECU attribute.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 uses the anomaly detection rule stored in the anomaly detection rule storage unit 407 to determine whether the combination of the acquired source IP address ECU attribute and the destination IP address ECU attribute is correct. judge.
- a vehicle speed detection ECU 600b having an address has an ECU role attribute of sensor and an ECU domain attribute of power train.
- An electric lock control ECU 600c having a destination IP address has an ECU role attribute of brain and an ECU domain attribute of body. I understand.
- a combination of these ECU attributes is defined as OK in the abnormality detection rule stored in the abnormality detection rule storage unit 407 of FIG. Therefore, the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the frame communicated from the vehicle speed detection ECU 600b to the electric lock control ECU 600c is a normal frame.
- the role attribute of the ECU is the sensor
- the role attribute of the ECU is ADAS
- the electric lock opening/closing ECU 600d having the destination IP address has the role attribute of the ECU as the actuator and the role attribute of the ECU as the body.
- a combination of these ECU attributes is defined as NG in the abnormality detection rule stored in the abnormality detection rule storage unit 407 of FIG. Therefore, the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the frame communicated from the camera ECU 600e to the electric lock opening/closing ECU 600d is an abnormal frame.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the combination of the ECU attribute of the source IP address and the ECU attribute of the destination IP address is correct (Yes in S702), it executes the process of step S703. If the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the combination of the ECU attribute of the source IP address and the ECU attribute of the destination IP address is incorrect (abnormal) (No in S702), it executes the process of step S704. .
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is normal.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is abnormal, and transmits the frame to the user interface ECU 300 so as to display an alert.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 may output information indicating whether or not the attribute setting flag is ON.
- Effect of Embodiment 1 In the in-vehicle network system shown in the first embodiment, what kind of function the abnormality detection ECU 400 has for each ECU and what kind of information is handled are labeled as ECU attributes. Abnormal communication is detected by defining whether communication between ECU attributes is abnormal. As a result, if the attributes of the ECU with the source IP address and the ECU with the destination IP address are known, it becomes possible to determine whether the communication is normal or abnormal, and security is enhanced. .
- the anomaly detection ECU 400 detects a change in the communication tendency of the in-vehicle network, such as when the driver changes the settings of the vehicle system or when the ECU system is updated by OTA, and labels the ECU attributes at a specific timing. do in As a result, it is possible to detect abnormal communications while distinguishing between cases where unusual communication content occurs due to OTA or vehicle system changes and cases where unusual communication content occurs due to an attacker. Improve safety.
- the anomaly detection ECU 400 (anomaly detection device) according to the present embodiment is an anomaly detection device that detects an anomaly in an in-vehicle network system composed of two or more ECUs and one or more networks.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 has an ECU attribute storage section 406 , a communication section 401 and an abnormality detection section 402 .
- the ECU attribute storage unit 406 stores attributes of ECUs set for each of two or more ECUs.
- the communication unit 401 transmits and receives messages on one or more networks.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 detects an abnormal communication by using the attribute of the ECU of the transmission source (source IP address) or the destination (destination IP address) of the message among the attributes stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406. detect.
- the attributes stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 indicate the function of the ECU having the attribute or the type of information handled by the ECU having the attribute.
- the attributes stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 indicate functions of the ECU operating in the in-vehicle network system.
- the attributes include any one of sensor attributes, brain attributes, and actuator attributes.
- the sensor attribute indicates that the ECU has a function of sensing information inside and outside the vehicle.
- the brain attribute indicates that the ECU has a function of processing sensed information and issuing a control instruction.
- the actuator attribute indicates that the ECU has a function of performing control according to the control instruction.
- the attributes stored in the ECU attribute storage unit indicate the types of information handled by the ECU in the in-vehicle network system.
- the attributes include any one of powertrain attributes, infotainment attributes, body attributes, ADAS attributes, and connectivity attributes.
- the power train attribute indicates handling of control information related to running of the vehicle.
- the infotainment attribute indicates handling information related to vehicle status notification to the driver.
- the body attribute indicates handling of vehicle body system control information.
- the ADAS attribute indicates handling information regarding advanced driver assistance features that assist or replace the driver's vehicle operation.
- the connectivity attribute indicates handling of information acquired from outside one or more networks.
- abnormality detection unit 402 causes communication unit 401 to receive a Determines whether the received message is abnormal.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 detects the attributes of the source ECU of the frame (message) or the attributes of the destination ECU of the frame, information included in the frame received from the communication unit, Based on the relationship of , it is determined whether or not the frame received by the communication unit 401 is abnormal.
- the in-vehicle network system exchanges messages by service-oriented communication.
- Information included in the message received from the communication unit 401 is information stored in the message format of SOME/IP communication.
- abnormal communication can be determined from the relationship between the information stored in the message format of the SOME/IP communication and the attributes of the ECU, improving vehicle safety.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 further includes a communication log storage unit 404 .
- the communication log storage unit 404 stores frames (messages) received by the communication unit 401 .
- the anomaly detection unit 402 refers to the frames (messages) stored in the communication log storage unit 404 and the ECU attribute storage unit 406 to identify the source and destination ECUs at which frame (message) exchange occurs. Identify relationships that indicate combinations of attributes. For a newly received frame (message), the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that a message between ECUs having a combination of attributes in which frame (message) exchange occurs in the relationship is normal, and determines that the frame (message) in the relationship is normal. A message between ECUs having a combination of attributes in which exchange of message) does not occur is judged to be abnormal.
- the in-vehicle network system exchanges messages by service-oriented communication.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 further includes a communication log storage section 404 and an ECU attribute setting section 405 .
- the communication log storage unit 404 stores frames (messages) received by the communication unit 401 .
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets attributes of the ECU stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 .
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 refers to the frames (messages) stored in the communication log storage unit 404, determines whether the ECU is on the server side or the client side from the message type included in the frames (messages), and determines whether the ECU is on the server side or the client side.
- the attributes of the ECU are determined according to the ratio of communication and client communication.
- the anomaly detection ECU 400 further includes a communication log storage section 404 and an ECU attribute setting section 405 .
- the communication log storage unit 404 stores frames (messages) received by the communication unit 401 .
- the ECU attribute setting unit 405 refers to frames (messages) stored in the communication log storage unit 404 and sets attributes of the ECU stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 .
- the ECU attribute setting unit 406 refers to the frames (messages) stored in the communication log storage unit 404 and the ECU attribute storage unit 406, and according to the appearance frequency of the attribute of the ECU with which the first ECU communicates, Determining attributes of the first ECU.
- ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets frame (message) for which a predetermined period of time has passed since the attributes of the ECU were determined, or a change occurs in the communication tendency of one or more networks. is received by the communication unit 401, the attributes of the ECU are determined.
- a frame (message) that causes a change in the communication tendency of one or more networks is a message generated when data is acquired from a network or a server different from the in-vehicle network and installed. , or a message that occurs when changing, deleting, or updating the function settings of the in-vehicle system.
- abnormality detection unit 402 calculates, from frames (messages) stored in communication log storage unit 404, the appearance frequency of attributes of ECUs communicated by the first ECU.
- the appearance frequency of the attributes of the first ECU stored in the attribute storage unit 406 is referred to, and if the appearance frequency exceeds a certain standard, the communication of the first ECU is determined to be abnormal.
- an abnormality detection rule is defined in advance in the abnormality detection rule storage unit 407 based on the relationship between the ECU attribute of the source IP address and the ECU attribute of the destination IP address.
- an abnormality detection rule may be defined in advance based on the relationship between the ECU attribute of the source IP address and the feature amount of the communication frame.
- FIG. 20 is an example of an abnormality detection rule that uses the ECU attributes of an ECU with a source IP address and a frame according to a service-oriented communication protocol, which is stored in the abnormality detection rule storage unit. It is a figure which shows.
- the maximum and minimum values for the frame message size are stored for the combination of the ECU role attribute and domain attribute of the source IP address.
- an ECU whose domain attribute is connectivity and whose role attribute is sensor transmits a frame with a minimum message size of 500 bytes and a maximum message size of 600 bytes.
- These values may be set by researching the in-vehicle network in advance, or the maximum value specified by extracting communication logs for a predetermined time from the communication log storage unit 404 at a specific timing and referring to the message size. and minimum value information may be stored.
- FIG. 21 shows an example in which the processing flow relating to step S603 of FIG. 18 is changed to a processing flow for detecting an abnormality based on the ECU attribute of the ECU of the source IP address and the message size of the frame.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 acquires the source IP address included in the received SOME/IP communication message frame, refers to the ECU attribute storage unit 406, and acquires the ECU attribute. Further, the anomaly detection unit 402 refers to Length in the SOME/IP message format of the same frame and acquires the message size.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 refers to the minimum and maximum values of the message size corresponding to the ECU attribute of the acquired source IP address from the anomaly detection rule storage unit 407, and the message size of the acquired message is the minimum value. and the maximum value. If the size of the acquired message is a value between the minimum value and the maximum value (Yes in S802), the abnormality detection unit 402 performs the process of step S803. If the acquired message size is not between the minimum and maximum values (No in S802), the abnormality detection unit 402 performs the process of step S804.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is normal.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is abnormal, and transmits the frame to the user interface ECU 300 so as to display an alert.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 uses the maximum and minimum values of the message size for anomaly detection. Other metrics may be used.
- an anomaly is defined from the relationship between the frame message size and the ECU attribute of the source IP address ECU.
- the abnormality may be defined from the message size of the frame, the ECU attributes of the ECU of the source IP address, and the ECU of the destination IP address.
- an anomaly may be defined based on the message ID or service ID stored in the frame, or the relationship between the message type and the ECU attribute.
- an abnormality detection rule may be defined by specifying the message ID of a frame to be transmitted when the ECU attribute of the ECU of the source IP address is body and actuator. If a frame containing a message ID that does not exist is transmitted, the frame may be determined to be abnormal.
- FIG. 22 shows the processing flow of step S603 in FIG. An example is shown.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 acquires the source IP address and the destination IP address included in the received SOME/IP message frame, refers to the ECU attribute storage unit 406, and determines the source IP address and the destination IP address, respectively. Get the ECU attribute of
- the abnormality detection unit 402 refers to the ECU attribute storage unit 406 and acquires an IP address set having the same ECU attribute as the ECU attribute of the acquired source IP address.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 acquires the communication log stored in the communication log storage unit 404 for a predetermined period of time, and for the communication log whose transmission source is the acquired source IP address, the ECU of the destination IP address Attributes are referenced to obtain a set of ECU attributes for the destination IP address.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines whether or not the ECU attribute of the acquired destination IP address is included in the set of ECU attributes of the acquired destination IP address. If the ECU attribute of the acquired destination IP address is included in the set of ECU attributes of the acquired destination IP address (Yes in S904), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S905. If the ECU attribute of the acquired destination IP address is not included in the set of ECU attributes of the acquired destination IP address (No in S904), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S906.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is normal.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is abnormal, and transmits the frame to the user interface ECU 300 so as to display an alert.
- the anomaly detection method in the in-vehicle network system shown in Modification 2 of Embodiment 1 does not require an anomaly detection rule to be defined in advance, and anomaly detection is performed by grasping the communication tendency of the in-vehicle network from collected past communication logs. Therefore, anomaly detection rules can be created according to the communication tendency of each vehicle, and the accuracy of anomaly detection can be improved.
- the anomaly detection ECU 400 in the in-vehicle network system shown in the first embodiment selects one domain attribute of the IP address and stores it in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 as described with reference to FIG.
- the domain attribute of the IP address may be set assuming that the IP address has multiple domain attributes.
- the sequence relating to IP address attribute addition, the flow chart for IP address domain attribute setting, and the flowchart stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406, which are different in configuration, are shown here.
- An example of the ECU attribute information that is used and a flowchart of anomaly detection using the ECU attributes will be used to describe how anomalies are detected in a frame when a new function is added to the IP address and the ECU has multiple domain attributes. Only whether to determine as
- FIG. 23 shows that the operator operates the touch panel of the user interface ECU 300 to additionally install an infotainment application to the ADAS application installed in the guest OS unit 203 of the central ECU 200.
- An example of a sequence in which the abnormality detection ECU 400 detects a change in the in-vehicle network and resets the ECU attribute information used for abnormality detection is shown.
- the user interface ECU 300 receives an operation from the user and requests the guest OS section 203 of the central ECU 200 to newly install an infotainment-related application (infotainment app).
- the central ECU 200 requests the OTA server 30 to transmit the installer of the infotainment-related application (infotainment app) to the guest OS unit 203.
- the OTA server 30 transmits an installer of an infotainment-related application (infotainment app) to the guest OS unit 203 of the central ECU 200.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 of the abnormality detection ECU 400 receives the frame for transmitting the installer from the OTA server 30 to the guest OS unit 203, and acquires the destination IP address stored in the frame. Further, the abnormality detection unit 402 refers to the IP address stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406, and if the acquired IP address is included, sets ON the attribute setting flag corresponding to the IP address.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of ECU attribute information stored in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 when an IP address has a plurality of domain attributes.
- one line is represented by a set of an IP address, an ECU attribute, an attribute setting flag, the date and time when the flag is set to OFF, and the date and time when the flag is set to ON.
- the brake control ECU stores 0.8 in the power train attribute, 0.1 in the ADAS attribute, and 0.1 in the body attribute. It represents that it has three domain attributes.
- the stored value represents the ratio of the domain attribute, and the larger the value, the more communication related to that domain attribute.
- FIG. 25 is a processing flow for setting the domain attribute of an IP address assuming that a plurality of domain attributes can be provided instead of selecting one domain attribute of the IP address in the processing flow for setting the domain attribute of the IP address in FIG. indicates Note that the same processing steps as in the first embodiment are given the same numbers, and the description thereof is omitted.
- step S503 When step S503 returns Yes, the ECU attribute setting unit 405 divides the appearance count of the domain attribute extracted in step S501 by the total appearance count of the domain attribute of the IP address of the communication destination in step S501. , the domain attribute appearance ratio is calculated, and the appearance ratio of the domain attribute extracted in step S501 is set in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 .
- step S1107) If the determination in step S506 is No, the ECU attribute setting unit 405 sets the appearance count of the domain attribute extracted in step S502 to the domain attribute of the IP address of the communication destination excluding the attribute setting flag ON in step S502. By dividing by the total number of appearances, the appearance ratio of the domain attribute is calculated, and the appearance ratio of the domain attribute extracted in step S502 is set in the ECU attribute storage unit 406 .
- FIG. 26 shows an example in which the processing flow relating to step S603 in FIG. 18 is changed to a processing flow in the case where an IP address has a plurality of domain attributes.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 acquires the source IP address and the destination IP address included in the received frame, refers to the ECU attribute storage unit 406, and acquires the ECU attributes of the acquired IP addresses.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 refers to each value of the ECU attribute of the acquired IP address, and determines whether the ECU role attribute and the domain attribute of the source IP address store the maximum value, For the ECU role attribute and the domain attribute of the destination IP address, the attribute storing the maximum value is extracted, and a combination of the ECU attributes of the source IP address and the destination IP address is created.
- the ECU of the source IP address is the vehicle speed detection ECU
- the ECU's role attribute has a maximum value of 1 for sensor
- the ECU's domain attribute has a maximum value of 0.7 for power train. Therefore, the sensor is extracted as the role attribute of the ECU of the source IP address, and the power train is extracted as the domain attribute of the ECU.
- the destination IP address ECU is the brake control ECU
- brain is extracted as the ECU role attribute of the destination IP address ECU
- powertrain is extracted as the ECU domain attribute.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 uses the abnormality detection rule stored in the abnormality detection rule storage unit 407 to determine whether or not the extracted combination of ECU attributes is abnormal communication. If it is determined that the extracted combination of ECU attributes is abnormal (Yes in S1203), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S1204. If it is determined that the combination of extracted ECU attributes is normal (No in S1203), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S1212.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 determines whether at least one of the source IP address and the destination IP address has multiple domain attributes. If neither the source IP address nor the destination IP address has multiple domain attributes (No in S1204), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of S1205. If either the source IP address or the destination IP address has multiple domain attributes (Yes in S1204), the anomaly detection unit 402 executes the process of step S1206.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is abnormal, and transmits the frame to the user interface ECU 300 so as to display an alert.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 creates a combination of ECU attributes other than the combination of ECU attributes created in step S1202.
- the ECU of the source IP address is the vehicle speed detection ECU
- the combination of the role attribute of the ECU of the source IP address and the domain attribute of the ECU is sensor and power train, sensor and ADAS, sensor and body.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 extracts five combinations excluding the combination of ECU attributes extracted in step S1202 as a list.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 selects one combination from the extracted list of ECU attribute combinations.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines whether or not the communication is abnormal based on the detection rule stored in the abnormality detection rule storage unit 407 for the combination of ECU attributes selected in step S1207. If it is determined that there is an abnormality (Yes in S1208), step S1209 is executed. If it is determined to be normal (No in S1208), S1210 is executed.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines whether or not all combinations of ECU attributes in the extracted list have been selected. If all combinations of ECU attributes in the extracted list have been selected (Yes in S1209), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S1205, and if not all combinations of ECU attributes in the extracted list have been selected (Yes in S1209). No), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S1207.
- the anomaly detection unit 402 refers to the communication log storage unit 404, acquires a predetermined number of communication logs in order of the time stamp value, that is, in the order in which the communication logs are newly recorded, and acquires them in step S1201. It is calculated how often the transmitted source IP address transmitted to which IP address in the past. Further, a weighted average is calculated by using the ECU attribute of the destination IP address as a weight and the total number of occurrences of the destination IP address as the sum of the weights. Further, from the obtained weighted average and the ECU attribute of the source IP address, the absolute value of the value difference is calculated for each element of the domain attribute.
- the source IP address in step S1201 is 192.168.1.1
- the communication log storage unit 404 sends data from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.2 eight times.
- the weighted average of the ECU attributes of the destination ECU takes the number of data transmissions as the weight, and 192.168. It can be calculated from the sum of the value obtained by multiplying the ECU attribute of 1.2 by 0.8 and the value obtained by multiplying the ECU attribute of 192.168.1.11 by 0.2.
- the weighted average of the domain attributes of the destination ECU of 192.168.1.1 is connectivity (0), powertrain (0.58), ADAS (0.16), body (0.26 ) and infotainment (0).
- the ECU attributes of 192.168.1.1 are connectivity (0), powertrain (0.8), ADAS (0.1), body (0.1), and infotainment (0)
- the absolute value of the difference for each element of the domain attributes is connectivity (0), powertrain (0.22), ADAS (0.06), body (0.16), infotainment (0).
- the abnormality detection unit 402 refers to the absolute value of the domain attribute calculated in step S1210 corresponding to the domain attribute of the destination ECU of the combination selected in step S1207, and determines whether it is within the threshold value. If the calculated absolute value is within the threshold (Yes in S1211), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S1212. If the calculated absolute value exceeds the threshold (No in S1211), the abnormality detection unit 402 executes the process of step S1209.
- the abnormality detection unit 402 determines that the received frame is normal.
- the anomaly detection method in the in-vehicle network system shown in Modification 3 of Embodiment 1 assumes a plurality of communication patterns and establishes an anomaly detection rule when the ECU has a plurality of domain attributes and performs frame communication. Applicable. As a result, even if another domain attribute is added to the ECU later by OTA, the abnormality detection ECU can determine an abnormality by considering that the ECU has a plurality of domain attributes.
- Ethernet and CAN protocol are used as the in-vehicle network, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- CAN-FD CAN with Flexible Data Rate
- LIN Local Interconnect Network
- MOST Media Oriented Systems Transport
- the network configuration may be a combination of these networks as sub-networks.
- the role attributes of the three ECUs of sensor/brain/actuator are defined by the ratio of client communication and server communication and whether or not to always return a Response message when a Request message is received,
- Each ECU is labeled according to which role attribute it is applied to, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- three message types, Notification, Request, and Response may be used to define multiple labels from the ratio of message types to be sent.
- the role attributes of the three ECUs of sensor/brain/actuator are determined based on the ratio of client communication and server communication based on the message type of SOME/IP communication. is not limited to By referring to SOME/IP-SD messages, the ratio of client communication to server communication may be calculated based on whether an Offer message or a Subscribe message is being sent.
- ECU domain attributes of powertrain/infotainment/body/ADAS/connectivity are defined and labeled for each ECU, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- domain attributes are defined in two categories: the ECU for which communication occurs when driving completely autonomously, and the ECU for which communication occurs when assisting the driver's driving. good too.
- the abnormality detecting ECU 400 detects an abnormal communication frame by looking at the combination of the source IP address ECU attribute and the destination IP address ECU attribute from one communication frame. However, it may be determined from a plurality of communication frames whether or not abnormal communication has occurred. For example, by monitoring communication frames generated at regular time intervals and calculating the appearance ratio of the ECU attribute that is communicating, if the appearance ratio of the ECU attribute changes suddenly, the abnormality detection ECU determines that there is an abnormality. You may With this anomaly detection method, when a vehicle receives a DoS attack from an external network during autonomous driving, the communication ratio between the power train and ECUs with ADAS attributes decreases sharply, and the communication ratio between ECUs with connectivity attributes decreases. Since it is possible to check chronological changes, such as sudden increases, it is possible to detect abnormalities in the in-vehicle network, making security more robust.
- the abnormality detection ECU 400 detects an abnormal communication frame by looking at the combination of the source IP address ECU attribute and the destination IP address ECU attribute from one communication frame.
- the abnormality detection ECU can determine that there is an abnormality, and security is robust.
- the IP address and the attribute information of the ECU are linked and stored, and used for abnormality detection. good.
- the MAC address of the ECU and corresponding information may be included in the frame, and attribute information labeling may be performed for each MAC address.
- the role attribute and the domain attribute of the ECU are defined, and the combination of the ECU attribute of the source IP address and the ECU attribute of the destination IP address is examined from one communication frame.
- labeling may be performed by defining only the role attribute, or labeling may be performed by defining only the domain attribute, and abnormality detection may be performed.
- three ECU role attributes of sensor/brain/actuator may be defined for each ECU, and it may be defined which combination is normal by the combination of the source IP address ECU attribute and the destination ECU attribute. Complications such as multiple attributes increase the calculation cost of anomaly detection. Therefore, depending on the situation, it may be possible to determine whether or not to use a combination of simple attributes.
- a frame that causes a change in the in-vehicle network is detected and the attributes of the ECU are set again.
- an input interface such as a button that can be actively reset by the operator may be prepared so that the reset can be performed at any time.
- location information may be acquired from the GPS function installed in the in-vehicle system, and the ECU attribute may be reset by detecting movement from an area where the V2X function can be used to an area where the V2X function cannot be used.
- the attribute information of the ECU is overwritten and stored when the attributes are reset. You can store it by attaching it to It is conceivable that false detections may occur due to the lack of sufficient data for the reset attribute information of the ECU. It can be used as an index to
- the anomaly detection ECU when it detects an anomalous frame, it transmits a frame for notifying the user interface ECU 300 of an alert.
- An alert may be notified to the OTA server 30, or a log related to abnormality detection may be notified.
- Fig. 27 shows an example of a log related to anomaly detection notified to the OTA server outside the vehicle.
- the log ID which is the serial ID of the abnormality detection log, is 10001
- the abnormality code that conveys the type of abnormality is 0x01 (violation of communication rules between ECU attributes).
- the ECU attributes of the source ECU are sensor and ADAS
- the ECU attributes of the destination ECU are actuator and body, indicating that an abnormal combination of ECU attributes has been detected.
- IP addresses and ECU attributes for the source ECU and the destination ECU It also shows the time stamp, message size, and inclusion of the original packet for the frame that detected the anomaly.
- the anomaly detection results may be displayed on a graphical user interface connected to the OTA server.
- FIG. 28 shows an example of an anomaly detection result displayed on a graphical user interface.
- FIG. 28 shows that in a vehicle with a vehicle ID of 101, abnormal communication occurs from the camera ECU to the electric lock opening/closing ECU, the abnormality detection unit of the vehicle detects the abnormal communication, and the detection result is sent to the OTA server.
- the vehicle ID is a number for identifying which vehicle the data is sent from, and is set by the OTA server using vehicle-specific information included in the data sent from the TCU.
- the display result consists of three elements.
- the communication path in the in-vehicle network where an abnormality was detected is highlighted with a thick arrow. Communication paths that are not connected are connected by dotted lines.
- the abnormality detection log as shown in FIG. 27 is visualized.
- a part of the diagram is highlighted with a bold line or characters are bolded.
- the ECU attribute is highlighted because the communication rule between the ECU attributes is violated.
- the anomaly detection logs received from the vehicle with the vehicle ID of 101 are collectively displayed in the form of a table.
- the first row of the table contains the elements of the anomaly detection log, and the second and subsequent rows contain the values of the anomaly detection log.
- a part or all of the components constituting each device in the above embodiments may be configured from one system LSI (Large Scale Integration).
- a system LSI is an ultra-multifunctional LSI manufactured by integrating multiple components on a single chip. Specifically, it is a computer system that includes a microprocessor, ROM, RAM, etc. . A computer program is recorded in the RAM. The system LSI achieves its functions by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program. Further, each part of the constituent elements constituting each of the above devices may be individually integrated into one chip, or may be integrated into one chip so as to include part or all of them.
- system LSI may also be called IC, LSI, super LSI, or ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration.
- the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.
- An FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connections and settings of the circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.
- an integration technology that replaces the LSI appears due to advances in semiconductor technology or another derived technology, the technology may naturally be used to integrate the functional blocks. Application of biotechnology, etc. is possible.
- a part or all of the components that make up each device described above may be configured from an IC card or a single module that can be attached to and removed from each device.
- An IC card or module is a computer system composed of a microprocessor, ROM, RAM and the like.
- the IC card or module may include the super multifunctional LSI.
- the IC card or module achieves its function by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program. This IC card or this module may have tamper resistance.
- the present disclosure may be a program (computer program) that implements an abnormality detection method by a computer, or it may be a digital signal composed of a computer program.
- computer-readable recording media such as flexible discs, hard disks, CD-ROMs, MOs, DVDs, DVD-ROMs, DVD-RAMs, BDs (Blue - ray (registered trademark) Disc), semiconductor memory or the like.
- it may be a digital signal recorded on these recording media.
- the computer program or digital signal may be transmitted via an electric communication line, a wireless or wired communication line, a network represented by the Internet, data broadcasting, or the like.
- one aspect of the present disclosure may be a computer system including a microprocessor and memory, the memory recording the computer program, and the microprocessor operating according to the computer program.
- the program or digital signal may be recorded on a recording medium and transferred, or the program or digital signal may be transferred via a network or the like to be implemented by another independent computer system.
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Abstract
Description
近年、自動車の中のシステムには、電子制御装置(ECU:Electronic Control Unit)と呼ばれる装置が多数配置されていて、これらのECUをつなぐネットワークは車載ネットワークと呼ばれる。
以下、複数のECUがイーサネット(登録商標)を介したサービス指向通信を行う車載ネットワークシステムにおける、異常検知方法について説明する。
図1は、本実施の形態における、車載ネットワークシステムの全体構成の一例を示す図である。図1において、車載ネットワークシステムは、車両10に搭載され、外部ネットワーク20を介してOTAサーバ30に通信可能に構成されている。
図2は、本実施の形態における、TCUの構成の一例を示す図である。図2において、TCU100は、外部通信部101と、変換部102と、内部通信部103と、を備える。
図3は、本実施形態における、セントラルECUの構成の一例を示す図である。図3においてセントラルECU200は、通信部201と、ホストOS部202と、ゲストOS部203と、を備える。
図4は、本実施の形態における、ユーザインタフェースECUの構成の一例を示す図である。図4において、ユーザインタフェースECU300は、通信部301と、外部機器接続部302と、を備える。
図5は、本実施の形態における、異常検知ECUの構成の一例を示す図である。図5において異常検知ECU400は、通信部401と、異常検知部402と、通信ログ生成部403と、通信ログ記憶部404と、ECU属性設定部405と、ECU属性記憶部406と、異常検知ルール記憶部407と、を備える。
図6は、本実施の形態における、ゾーンECUの構成の一例を示す図である。ゾーンECU500aは、ホスト部501と、通信部502と、を備える。ゾーンECU500bは接続されるECUが異なるが、ゾーンECU500aと同様の構成であるため、説明を省略する。
図7は、本実施の形態における、ブレーキ制御ECUの構成の一例を示す図である。車速検知ECU600b、電気錠制御ECU600c、電気錠開閉ECU600d、カメラECU600eは、ブレーキECU600aと同様の構成のため、これらの説明を省略する。
SOME/IPには、Request/Response、Fire/Forget、Events、Get/Set/Notifierの4種類の通信方法が規定されており、これらを組み合わせることで、サービス指向通信が実現される。SOME/IPでは、通信相手とセッションを確立する方法が準備されており、この方法は、Service Discovery(SD)と呼ばれる。
図10は、通信ログ記憶部に格納される通信ログの一例を示す図である。図10において通信ログは、タイムスタンプ、送信元IPアドレス、宛先IPアドレス、送信元ポート、宛先ポート、トランスポートプロトコル、サービスID、メソッドID、メッセージタイプ、及び、メッセージサイズを含む。図10の各行は、通信ログ生成部403が通信部401から転送されたSOME/IPメッセージの一つを表す。
図11は、ECU属性記憶部に格納されるECU属性情報の一例を示す図である。図11においてECU属性情報は、IPアドレス、ECU属性、属性設定フラグ、フラグOFFの設定日時、及び、フラグONの設定日時を含む。さらに、ECU属性は、ECUの役割属性と、ECUのドメイン属性との2つの項目を含む。ECUの役割属性は、センサ、ブレイン、及び、アクチュエータの3つの属性を有し、ECUのドメイン属性は、コネクティビティ、パワートレーン、ADAS、ボディ、及び、インフォテイメントの5つの属性を有する。
図12は、異常検知ルール記憶部に格納される、ECU属性を用いた異常検知ルールの一例を示す図である。図12において、異常検知ルールは、対象フレームの通信が正常であるか異常であるかの判定に用いられる。異常検知ルールは、送信元ECUのECU属性と、宛先ECUのECU属性との組み合わせがOKかNGかを示している。異常検知ルールは、OKが示される送信元ECUと宛先ECUとの組み合わせの通信は正常であることを示し、NGが示される送信元ECUと宛先ECUの組み合わせの通信は異常であることを示す。異常検知ルールにおいて、OKの組み合わせの通信が発生していれば当該通信は正常であると判定され、NGの組み合わせの通信が発生していれば当該通信は異常であると判定される。
図13は、本実施の形態における、ECUの属性変更のシーケンスの一例を示す図である。図13において、車両10のユーザがユーザインタフェースECU300のタッチパネルを操作して、セントラルECU200のゲストOS部203に搭載されたADASに関するアプリケーションをアンインストールし、さらにインフォテイメントに関するアプリケーションをインストールする場合、異常検知ECU400が車載ネットワークの変化を検知して、異常検知に用いるECU属性情報を再設定する。
図14は、本実施の形態における、異常検知ECU400のフレーム受信時の動作に関するフローチャートの一例を示す図である。
図15は、本実施の形態における、ECUの属性設定に関するフローチャートの一例である。ECU属性設定部405により、ECUのIPアドレスごとに属性を設定する。ECUの属性設定処理は、車両システムのシャットダウン時や、操縦を行っていない夜間における任意のタイミング等の特定のタイミングで行い、異常検知処理で用いるECU属性情報を更新することで、車載ネットワークの通信傾向の変化に伴い発生した正常通信と、攻撃者による異常通信と、を区別可能にする。
図16は、本実施の形態におけるECU属性設定部405のECUの役割属性設定に関するフローチャートの一例である。
図17は、本実施の形態におけるECU属性設定部のECUのドメイン属性設定に関するフローチャートの一例である。
図18は、本実施の形態における異常検知ECUによるECU属性を用いた異常検知に関するシーケンスの一例を示す。攻撃者はカメラECU600eの脆弱性から操作権限を奪取しているものとする。
図19は、本実施の形態における異常検知部402による、SOME/IP通信のフレームが異常な通信を行っていないか、ECU属性を用いる異常検知処理に関わるフローチャートの一例である。
実施の形態1で示した車載ネットワークシステムでは、異常検知ECU400が各ECUそれぞれに対してどのような機能をもつのか、どのような情報を扱うのかを、ECU属性としてラベル付けを行い、さらに、どのECU属性間の通信が異常であるのか定義しておくことで、異常通信を検知する。これにより、どのECU間の通信であっても、送信元IPアドレスのECUと宛先IPアドレスのECUの属性が分かっているならば、正常な通信と異常な通信の判別可能になり、セキュリティが高まる。
実施の形態1で示した車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常検知ECU400において、異常検知ルール記憶部407に、送信元IPアドレスのECU属性と宛先IPアドレスのECU属性との関係性から、異常検知ルールを予め定義しておく例を示したが、送信元IPアドレスのECU属性と通信フレームの特徴量との関係性から、異常検知ルールを予め定義してもよい。
図20は、異常検知ルール記憶部に格納される、送信元IPアドレスのECUのECU属性とサービス指向通信プロトコルに従うフレームを用いた異常検知ルールの一例を示す図である。
実施の形態1の変形例1で示した車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常検知方法により、攻撃者がフレーム内の情報を改ざんして、異常なフレームを送信した場合に、異常検知ECU400は、異常なフレームを検知することが可能となり、セキュリティが高まる。
実施の形態1で示した車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常検知ECU400において、異常検知ルール記憶部407に、異常検知ルールを予め定義する例を示したが、異常検知ルール記憶部407を参照せずに、通信ログ記憶部404に格納されている過去の通信ログを参照して、異常の判断をしてもよい。なお、実施の形態1と同様の図面については説明を省略するため、構成が異なる異常検知のフローチャートの一例を示し、フレームの異常検知についてのみ説明する。
図22は、図18のステップS603に関する処理フローについて、通信ログ記憶部404に格納されている通信ログを用いて、異常検知する処理フローに変更した一例を示す。
実施の形態1の変形例2で示した車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常検知方法は、事前に異常検知ルールを定義する必要がなく、収集した過去の通信ログから車載ネットワークの通信傾向を捉えて異常検知を行うため、車両それぞれの通信傾向に応じた異常検知ルールを作成し、異常検知の精度を高めることができる。
実施の形態1で示した車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常検知ECU400は、図17で説明したように、IPアドレスのドメイン属性を1つ選択して、ECU属性記憶部406に格納する例を示したが、IPアドレスは複数のドメイン属性をもつとして、IPアドレスのドメイン属性の設定をしてもよい。なお、実施の形態1と同様の図面については説明を省略するため、ここでは構成が異なる、IPアドレスの属性追加に関するシーケンスと、IPアドレスのドメイン属性設定のフローチャートと、ECU属性記憶部406に格納されるECU属性情報の一例と、ECU属性を用いた異常検知のフローチャートと、を用いて、IPアドレスに新たな機能が追加されてECUが複数のドメイン属性をもつとき、フレームをどのように異常として判定するかについてのみ説明する。
図23は、操縦者がユーザインタフェースECU300のタッチパネルを操作して、セントラルECU200のゲストOS部203に搭載されたADASに関するアプリケーションに対して、インフォテイメントに関するアプリケーションを追加でインストールする場合に、異常検知ECU400が車載ネットワークの変化を検知して、異常検知に用いるECU属性情報を再設定するシーケンスの一例を示す。
図24は、IPアドレスが複数のドメイン属性をもつとしたとき、ECU属性記憶部406に格納されるECU属性情報の一例を示す。図11と同様に、IPアドレス、ECU属性、属性設定フラグ、フラグOFFの設定日時、及び、フラグONの設定日時の組で一行が表される。図11に示したECU属性情報の一例と比較して、ブレーキ制御ECUは、パワートレーンの属性に0.8が、ADASの属性に0.1が、ボディ属性に0.1が、格納されており3つのドメイン属性をもつことを表している。格納される値はドメイン属性の比率を表しており、値が大きいほどそのドメイン属性に関連した通信が発生することを示す。
図26は、図18のステップS603に関する処理フローについて、IPアドレスが複数のドメイン属性をもつ場合の処理フローに変更した一例を示す。
実施の形態1の変形例3で示した車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常検知方法は、ECUが複数のドメイン属性を持ち、フレームの通信を行う場合に、複数の通信パターンを想定して異常検知のルールを適用できる。これにより、ECUに別のドメイン属性が、OTAで後から追加された場合でも、異常検知ECUはECUが複数のドメイン属性を持つことを考慮して、異常の判定をすることが可能になる。
なお、本開示を上記各実施の形態に基づいて説明してきたが、本開示は、上記各実施の形態に限定されないのはもちろんである。以下のような場合も本開示に含まれる。
10 車両
20 外部ネットワーク
30 OTAサーバ
100 TCU
101 外部通信部
102 変換部
103 内部通信部
200 セントラルECU
201 通信部
202 ホストOS部
203 ゲストOS部
300 ユーザインタフェースECU
301、401、601 通信部
302、603 外部機器接続部
400 異常検知ECU
402 異常検知部
403 通信ログ生成部
404 通信ログ記憶部
405 ECU属性設定部
406 ECU属性記憶部
407 異常検知ルール記憶部
500a、500b ゾーンECU
501、602 ホスト部
502 通信部
600a ブレーキ制御ECU
600b 車速検知ECU
600c 電気錠制御ECU
600d 電気錠開閉ECU
600e カメラECU
Claims (13)
- 2以上の電子制御ユニットと、1以上のネットワークと、によって構成される車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常を検知する異常検知装置であって、
前記2以上の電子制御ユニットそれぞれに設定された電子制御ユニットが有する属性を記憶しているECU属性記憶部と、
前記1以上のネットワーク上のメッセージを送受信する通信部と、
前記ECU属性記憶部に記憶されている前記属性のうち、前記メッセージの送信元または宛先の電子制御ユニットが有する前記属性を用いて、異常な通信を検知する異常検知部と、を有し、
前記ECU属性記憶部に記憶されている前記属性は、当該属性を有する前記電子制御ユニットの機能、または、当該属性を有する前記電子制御ユニットが扱う情報の種類を示す
異常検知装置。 - 前記ECU属性記憶部に記憶されている前記属性は、前記車載ネットワークシステムにおいて動作する電子制御ユニットの機能を示し、
電子制御ユニットが車内外の情報をセンシングする機能を備えることを示すセンサ属性と、
電子制御ユニットがセンシングされた情報を処理し制御指示を行う機能を備えることを示すブレイン属性と、
電子制御ユニットが制御指示に従い制御を行う機能を備えることを示すアクチュエータ属性と、のいずれか1つを含む
請求項1に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記ECU属性記憶部に記憶されている前記属性は、前記車載ネットワークシステムにおいて電子制御ユニットが扱う情報の種類を示し、
車両の走行に関する制御情報を扱うことを示すパワートレーン属性と、
操縦者への車両の状態通知に関する情報を扱うことを示すインフォテイメント属性と、
車両のボディ系の制御情報を扱うことを示すボディ属性と、
操縦者の車両操作を支援または代替する先進運転支援機能に関する情報を扱うことを示すADAS属性と、
前記1以上のネットワーク外から取得した情報を扱うことを示すコネクティビティ属性と、のいずれか1つを含む
請求項1に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記異常検知部は、前記メッセージの送信元の電子制御ユニットの前記属性と、前記メッセージの宛先の電子制御ユニットの前記属性と、の組み合せに基づいて、前記通信部が受信したメッセージが異常か否かを判定する
請求項1に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記異常検知部は、前記メッセージの送信元の電子制御ユニットの前記属性または前記メッセージの宛先の電子制御ユニットの前記属性と、前記通信部から受信したメッセージに含まれる情報と、の関係性に基づいて、前記通信部が受信したメッセージが異常か否かを判定する
請求項1に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記車載ネットワークシステムは、サービス指向型通信によりメッセージの授受を行い、
前記通信部から受信したメッセージに含まれる情報は、SOME/IP通信のメッセージフォーマットに格納される情報である
請求項5に記載の異常検知装置。 - さらに、
前記通信部が受信したメッセージを記憶する通信ログ記憶部を、備え、
前記異常検知部は、
前記通信ログ記憶部に記憶されているメッセージと前記ECU属性記憶部とを参照して、メッセージの授受が発生している送信元及び宛先の電子制御ユニットの前記属性の組み合わせを示す関係性を特定し、
新たに受信したメッセージについて、前記関係性において前記メッセージの授受が発生している組み合わせの属性を有する電子制御ユニット間のメッセージを正常と判定し、前記関係性において前記メッセージの授受が発生していない組み合わせの属性を有する電子制御ユニット間のメッセージを異常と判定する
請求項4に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記車載ネットワークシステムは、サービス指向型通信によりメッセージの授受を行い、
前記異常検知装置は、さらに、
前記通信部が受信したメッセージを記憶する通信ログ記憶部と、
前記ECU属性記憶部に格納される電子制御ユニットの前記属性を設定するECU属性設定部と、を備え、
前記ECU属性設定部は、前記通信ログ記憶部に記憶されているメッセージを参照して、前記メッセージに含まれるメッセージタイプから、電子制御ユニットがサーバ側かクライアント側かを判定し、サーバ通信とクライアント通信との割合によって、当該電子制御ユニットの前記属性の決定を行う
請求項2または3に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記異常検知装置は、さらに、
前記通信部が受信したメッセージを記憶する通信ログ記憶部と、
前記通信ログ記憶部に記憶されているメッセージを参照して、前記ECU属性記憶部に記憶されている電子制御ユニットの属性を設定するECU属性設定部と、を備え、
前記ECU属性設定部は、前記通信ログ記憶部に記憶されているメッセージと前記ECU属性記憶部とを参照して、第一の電子制御ユニットが通信する電子制御ユニットの前記属性の出現頻度に応じて、前記第一の電子制御ユニットの前記属性の決定を行う
請求項2または3に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記ECU属性設定部は、前記電子制御ユニットの属性を決定してから所定時間経過している、または、前記1以上のネットワークの通信傾向に変化が生じるメッセージを前記通信部が受信している、の条件を満たす場合は、前記電子制御ユニットの属性の前記決定を行う
請求項8に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記1以上のネットワークの通信傾向に変化が生じるメッセージは、前記車載ネットワークシステムとは異なる、ネットワークまたはサーバからデータを取得してインストールする際に発生するメッセージ、または、前記車載ネットワークシステムの機能設定の変更、削除、または、更新において発生するメッセージである
請求項10に記載の異常検知装置。 - 前記異常検知部は、
前記通信ログ記憶部に格納されるメッセージから、第一の電子制御ユニットが通信する電子制御ユニットの前記属性の出現頻度を計算し、
前記ECU属性記憶部に格納される前記第一の電子制御ユニットの前記属性の出現頻度を参照して、一定の基準を超えて外れている場合は、前記第一の電子制御ユニットの通信は異常と判断する
請求項9に記載の異常検知装置。 - 2以上の電子制御ユニットと、1以上のネットワークと、によって構成される車載ネットワークシステムにおける異常を検知する異常検知方法であって、
前記1以上のネットワーク上のメッセージを送受信し、
前記2以上の電子制御ユニットそれぞれに設定された電子制御ユニットが有する属性のうち、前記メッセージの送信元または宛先の電子制御ユニットが有する前記属性を用いて、異常な通信を検知し、
前記属性は、当該属性を有する前記電子制御ユニットの機能、または、当該属性を有する前記電子制御ユニットが扱う情報の種類を示す
異常検知方法。
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| WO2025069401A1 (ja) * | 2023-09-29 | 2025-04-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | アクセス許可装置、アクセス許可方法、および、プログラム |
| WO2025070196A1 (ja) * | 2023-09-29 | 2025-04-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 中継方法、中継装置、および、プログラム |
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| JP2024051323A (ja) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-11 | 株式会社デンソー | ログ判定装置、ログ判定方法、ログ判定プログラム、及びログ判定システム |
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| CN118511489A (zh) | 2024-08-16 |
| EP4465606A1 (en) | 2024-11-20 |
| EP4465606A4 (en) | 2025-05-07 |
| JPWO2023136111A1 (ja) | 2023-07-20 |
| US20240364727A1 (en) | 2024-10-31 |
| US12615276B2 (en) | 2026-04-28 |
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