WO2023140189A1 - 情報処理装置、制御方法、プログラム及び記憶媒体 - Google Patents
情報処理装置、制御方法、プログラム及び記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—Three-dimensional [3D] imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a two-dimensional [2D] array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/045—Correction of measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/87—Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/4808—Evaluating distance, position or velocity data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4865—Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10028—Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20021—Dividing image into blocks, subimages or windows
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to processing of measured data.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a lidar that scans the surrounding space by appropriately controlling the emission direction (scanning direction) of light pulses that are repeatedly emitted, and observes the return light to generate point cloud data representing information such as distance and reflectance, which are information about objects existing in the surroundings.
- holes occur in the 3D data due to the presence of blind spots in the measurement device and sparsely measured portions due to the measurement angle.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the problems described above, and the main purpose thereof is to provide an information processing apparatus capable of suitably generating interpolation data for interpolating three-dimensional data of a measurement object.
- the claimed invention is Acquisition means for acquiring three-dimensional data of the measurement object generated based on measurement data generated by a plurality of measuring devices for measuring a space in which the measurement object is placed; detection means for detecting missing interpolation target portions in the three-dimensional data; Candidate position determination means for determining candidate positions for interpolating the interpolation target location in each of the plurality of directions based on the inclination angle of the measurement object in each of the plurality of directions at the interpolation target location; interpolation data generation means for generating interpolation data of the three-dimensional data corresponding to the interpolation target location based on the candidate position; It is an information processing device having
- the computer Acquiring three-dimensional data of the measurement object generated based on measurement data generated by a plurality of measurement devices that measure a space in which the measurement object is placed; detecting missing interpolation target locations in the three-dimensional data; determining a candidate position for interpolating the interpolation target point in each of the plurality of directions based on the inclination angle of the measurement object with respect to each of the plurality of directions at the interpolation target point; generating interpolation data of the three-dimensional data corresponding to the interpolation target location based on the candidate position; control method.
- the invention described in the claims Acquiring three-dimensional data of the measurement object generated based on measurement data generated by a plurality of measurement devices that measure a space in which the measurement object is placed; detecting missing interpolation target locations in the three-dimensional data; determining a candidate position for interpolating the interpolation target point in each of the plurality of directions based on the inclination angle of the measurement object with respect to each of the plurality of directions at the interpolation target point;
- the program causes a computer to execute a process of generating interpolation data of the three-dimensional data corresponding to the interpolation target location based on the candidate positions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional data generation system according to an embodiment; An example of a lidar installation in a space where an object to be measured exists is shown.
- 1 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of an information processing device; FIG. It is a figure showing the three-dimensional data of the deposit based on the point cloud data which a lidar outputs.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an interpolation target grid and its adjacent grids;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing measured heights and candidate heights in a cross section along a certain direction; It is an example of the flowchart in a present Example.
- the analysis regions set in the second calculation example and the third calculation example of the tilt angle are shown in the diagrams of the measured points of the measurement target observed from directly above.
- a "vertically elongated analysis area" with respect to the analysis area 1 in FIG. 9 along the scanning direction 1 shows grid points in the analysis area 1 used for principal component analysis (or linear approximation or polynomial approximation) in the cross-sectional view of the object to be measured in FIG.
- the information processing apparatus includes acquisition means for acquiring three-dimensional data of the measurement object generated based on measurement data generated by a plurality of measurement devices that measure a space in which the measurement object is placed; detection means for detecting an interpolation target point missing in the three-dimensional data; candidate position determination means for determining a candidate position for interpolating the interpolation target point in each of the plurality of directions based on the inclination angle of the measurement object with respect to each of the plurality of directions at the interpolation target point; and interpolation data generation means for generating interpolation data of the three-dimensional data corresponding to the interpolation target portion.
- the information processing device can suitably generate interpolation data of the three-dimensional data of the measurement object measured by the plurality of measurement devices.
- the candidate position determining means estimates the tilt angle with respect to an arbitrary direction of the plurality of directions based on the measured position of the measurement object based on the measurement data at a position along the arbitrary direction. According to this aspect, the information processing device can accurately estimate the tilt angle with respect to each direction.
- the candidate position determining means may calculate the tilt angle based on principal component analysis, linear approximation, or polynomial approximation.
- the candidate position determination means determines the inclination angle based on the gradient of the slope of the measurement object stored in the storage means. This aspect also allows the information processing device to accurately determine the tilt angle for each direction.
- the interpolation data generating means generates the interpolation data based on the highest candidate position among the candidate positions for each of the interpolation target locations. According to this aspect, the information processing apparatus can generate highly accurate interpolation data even if the interpolation target portion is a valley or the like of the measurement object.
- the information processing apparatus further includes dividing means for dividing the horizontal plane of the space represented by the three-dimensional data into grids, and the detecting means detects grids in which the measured positions indicated by the measurement data do not exist as the interpolation target points.
- the information processing apparatus can accurately detect the interpolation target portion.
- the plurality of directions may be determined based on the directions on the water surface and the directions in which the grids are arranged vertically, horizontally, or diagonally.
- the object to be measured is a deposit formed with a plurality of mountains.
- a deposit on which a plurality of peaks are formed is used as a measurement object, blind spots of the measuring device occur in valleys between the peaks.
- the information processing device can suitably generate interpolation data that accurately represents the blind spot.
- the object to be measured is a deposit of powdery matter.
- a control method executed by a computer in which three-dimensional data of the measurement object generated based on measurement data generated by a plurality of measuring devices for measuring a space in which the measurement object is placed is detected, an interpolation target point lacking in the three-dimensional data is detected, a candidate position for interpolation of the interpolation target point in each of the plurality of directions is determined based on the inclination angle of the measurement target with respect to each of the plurality of directions at the interpolation target point, and a candidate position for interpolation of the interpolation target point in each of the plurality of directions is determined based on the candidate position.
- the computer can suitably generate interpolated data of the three-dimensional data of the measurement object measured by the plurality of measurement devices.
- three-dimensional data of the object to be measured is obtained based on measurement data generated by a plurality of measuring devices that measure a space in which the object is placed, an interpolation target point lacking in the three-dimensional data is detected, candidate positions for interpolating the interpolation target point in each of the plurality of directions are determined based on the inclination angles of the measurement object with respect to each of the plurality of directions at the interpolation target point, and the three-dimensional data corresponding to the interpolation target point is interpolated based on the candidate positions.
- It is a program that causes a computer to execute processing to generate data. By executing this program, the computer can suitably generate interpolated data of the three-dimensional data of the measurement object measured by the plurality of measurement devices.
- the program is stored in a storage medium.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional data generation system 100 according to an embodiment.
- the three-dimensional data generation system 100 is a system that generates three-dimensional data of a measurement object, and includes an information processing device 1 that processes data generated by a sensor group 2, and a sensor group 2 that includes at least a lidar (Light Detection and Ranging, or Laser Illuminated Detection And Ranging) 3.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of installation of the lidar 3 in a space where the object to be measured exists.
- the deposit 4 stored in the warehouse is the object to be measured.
- the deposit 4 is a deposit of granular material such as gypsum, and is formed of a plurality of mountains 4A to 4D that are connected.
- a plurality of riders 3 are installed in the warehouse so that the entire deposit 4 can be measured.
- the information processing device 1 is electrically connected to the sensor group 2 and processes data output by various sensors included in the sensor group 2 .
- the information processing apparatus 1 generates point cloud data (also referred to as "integrated point cloud data") obtained by integrating (combining) the point cloud data output by a plurality of installed riders 3 as three-dimensional data representing the three-dimensional shape of the object to be measured.
- the accumulated point cloud data is, for example, data representing the measured position of the object to be measured by points in a three-dimensional coordinate system (also referred to as a "reference coordinate system”) with a predetermined position in the space of the warehouse as the origin.
- the information processing device 1 converts the point cloud data output by each rider 3 based on the installation position and orientation of each rider 3 measured in advance into a reference coordinate system, and adds the data after conversion to the reference coordinate system.
- the axes parallel to the horizontal plane are the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively, and the height direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane is the Z-axis.
- the information processing device 1 may integrate (combine) the point cloud data of the rider 3 based on any method other than the above example.
- the lidar 3 discretely measures the distance to an object in the outside world by emitting a pulse laser, which is an infrared laser, while changing the angle within a predetermined angle range (view range) in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the lidar 3 has an irradiation unit that irradiates laser light while changing the irradiation direction (that is, the scanning direction), a light receiving unit that receives reflected light (scattered light) of the irradiated laser light, and an output unit that outputs data based on the light reception signal output by the light receiving unit.
- the data measured by the lidar 3 for each irradiation direction in which the pulse laser is irradiated is generated based on the irradiation direction corresponding to the laser light received by the light receiving unit and the response delay time (so-called Time of Flight) of the laser light specified based on the light reception signal described above. Then, the lidar 3 generates a group of data corresponding to the points irradiated with the pulse laser in the visual field range of the lidar 3 (that is, the irradiation range of the pulse laser) as one frame of point cloud data for each scanning cycle.
- the rider 3 is an example of a "measuring device" in the present invention.
- the lidar 3 is not limited to the above-described scan type lidar, and may be a flash type lidar that generates three-dimensional data by diffusing laser light into the field of view of a two-dimensional array sensor.
- the point (and its measurement data) measured by being irradiated with the pulsed laser emitted from the irradiating section will also be referred to as a "point to be measured”.
- the necessary number of lidars 3 are installed so that the entire deposit 4 is included within the total visual field range of the lidars 3 combined.
- Each rider 3 is provided at a position that overlooks the deposit 4 .
- the sensor group 2 may include various external sensors and/or internal sensors.
- the sensor group 2 may include a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver or the like required for generating position information.
- GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the information processing apparatus 1. As shown in FIG. The information processing device 1 mainly has an interface 11 , a memory 12 and a controller 13 . These elements are interconnected via bus lines.
- the interface 11 performs interface operations related to data transfer between the information processing device 1 and an external device.
- the interface 11 acquires output data from the sensor group 2 such as the rider 3 and supplies it to the controller 13 .
- the interface 11 may be a wireless interface such as a network adapter for wireless communication, or a hardware interface for connecting with an external device via a cable or the like.
- the interface 11 may perform interface operations with various peripheral devices such as an input device, a display device, and a sound output device.
- the memory 12 is composed of various volatile and nonvolatile memories such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), hard disk drive, and flash memory.
- the memory 12 stores a program for the controller 13 to execute predetermined processing. Note that the program executed by the controller 13 may be stored in a storage medium other than the memory 12 .
- the memory 12 stores integrated point cloud data and interpolation data, which are three-dimensional data of the deposit 4 generated by the controller 13 .
- the controller 13 includes one or more processors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), and a TPU (Tensor Processing Unit), and controls the information processing apparatus 1 as a whole. In this case, the controller 13 executes various processes described later by executing programs stored in the memory 12 or the like. In this embodiment, the controller 13 generates integrated point cloud data as three-dimensional data of the deposit 4 based on the point cloud data output by the rider 3 . Further, the controller 13 detects a location where data is lacking in the generated integrated point cloud data (also referred to as an “interpolation target location”) as an interpolation target, and generates interpolation data representing the estimated position of the deposit 4 at the detected interpolation target location.
- a location where data is lacking in the generated integrated point cloud data also referred to as an “interpolation target location”
- the controller 13 functions as "acquisition means”, “detection means”, “candidate position determination means”, “interpolation data generation means”, and a computer that executes programs.
- the processing executed by the controller 13 is not limited to being realized by program-based software, and may be realized by any combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Also, the processing executed by the controller 13 may be implemented using a user-programmable integrated circuit such as an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) or a microcomputer. In this case, this integrated circuit may be used to realize the program executed by the controller 13 in this embodiment.
- a user-programmable integrated circuit such as an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) or a microcomputer. In this case, this integrated circuit may be used to realize the program executed by the controller 13 in this embodiment.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing integrated point cloud data of deposits 4 based on the point cloud data output by the rider 3.
- FIG. 4(A) the valley formed between the peaks becomes a blind spot for the rider 3, resulting in a missing portion of the data.
- FIG. 4B there is a portion where the data is lost due to the large gap between the vertically adjacent scanning lines of the lidar 3 . As described above, the gap between adjacent scanning lines is not a blind spot, but it becomes an unmeasurable area.
- the information processing apparatus 1 detects such a portion as an interpolation target portion, and generates interpolation data corresponding to the interpolation target portion.
- the information processing apparatus 1 calculates the height based on the integrated point cloud data for each grid. Then, the information processing apparatus 1 detects grids in which the points to be measured of the integrated point cloud data do not exist as interpolation target points, and estimates the corresponding height for each interpolation target point based on the tilt angles of the deposits 4 that are respectively estimated in a plurality of directions.
- a grid that is an interpolation target location will be referred to as an "interpolation target grid”.
- the height of the deposit 4 based on the integrated point cloud data for each grid is called “measured height”
- the height of the deposit 4 estimated in the interpolation target grid is called “estimated height”.
- the information processing device 1 divides the XY plane (that is, the horizontal plane) of the space in which the deposit 4, which is the object to be measured, exists into grids of a predetermined length by inserting meshes at predetermined intervals along the X and Y axes.
- the grid size in this case is, for example, 20 cm or 10 cm, and is determined according to the required resolution of the three-dimensional data of the deposit 4 .
- the information processing device 1 divides the cumulative point cloud data into grids, and calculates the measured height based on the cumulative point cloud data for each grid.
- the information processing apparatus 1 calculates the measured height by averaging the heights of the measured points in the grid.
- the information processing apparatus 1 detects grids that have no measured points (that is, grids for which the measured height cannot be calculated) as interpolation target grids. Then, the information processing device 1 calculates the estimated height of the interpolation target grid based on the tilt angles of the deposit 4 estimated in a plurality of directions and the height of the deposit 4 estimated from the tilt angles.
- the height of the deposit 4 estimated for each direction from the tilt angle is a candidate height for the estimated height, and hereinafter also referred to as a "candidate height".
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a grid to be interpolated and adjacent grids Ga to Gh adjacent thereto.
- the information processing apparatus 1 obtains the inclination angles of the deposit 4 on the grid to be interpolated for two vertical directions indicated by arrows A1 and A2, two horizontal directions indicated by arrows A3 and A4, and four oblique directions indicated by arrows A5 to A8. A method of calculating the tilt angle will be described later. Then, the information processing device 1 calculates the candidate height for each direction based on the tilt angle, and determines the estimated height from the candidate height for each direction.
- the information processing apparatus 1 utilizes the premise that the deposit 4 forms a mountain with a substantially constant inclination angle, and based on the measured height and XY coordinate position of another grid existing at a position along an arbitrary direction, calculates the above-mentioned inclination angle and candidate height in that arbitrary direction.
- the information processing apparatus 1 when the information processing apparatus 1 obtains a candidate height in the direction along the arrow A1, it acquires the measured heights of a predetermined number of nearby grids (that is, the grid including the grid Gg) existing in the direction along the arrow A1 and the XY coordinate positions of the grids. Then, the information processing device 1 estimates the inclination angle and the candidate height in the direction of the arrow A1 by a geometrical calculation method based on the obtained measured height and the XY coordinate position of the grid (for example, the center position of the grid).
- the information processing device 1 calculates candidate heights corresponding to the directions of the arrows A1 to A8, and determines the candidate height indicating the highest position among the calculated candidate heights as the estimated height in the interpolation target grid. According to this method, the information processing apparatus 1 can also estimate the height of the interpolation object grid in the vicinity of the peaks and valleys of the sediment 4 with high accuracy.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing measured heights and candidate heights in cross sections along two parallel directions among arrows A1 to A8.
- FIG. 6 shows grids 1-8 near the valleys of the peaks of deposit 4.
- Line 70 indicates the tilt angle of deposit 4 estimated based on the measured heights and XY coordinate positions of grids 1 to 3
- line 71 indicates the tilt angle of deposit 4 estimated based on the measured heights and XY coordinate positions of grids 6 to 8.
- first direction the direction in which grids 1 to 3 exist with respect to the grid to be interpolated
- second direction the direction in which grids 6 to 8 exist with respect to the grid to be interpolated
- the information processing device 1 calculates the tilt angle (see line 70) of the deposit 4 estimated based on the measured heights and the XY coordinate positions of the grids 1 to 3 in the first direction in which the grids 1 to 3 exist, and calculates the candidate height 81 of the grid 4 and the candidate height 82 of the grid 5 in the first direction based on the tilt angle.
- the information processing apparatus 1 calculates the tilt angle (see line 71) of the deposit 4 estimated based on the measured heights and the XY coordinate positions of the grids 6 to 8 in the second direction in which the grids 6 to 8 are present, and calculates the candidate height 83 of the grid 5 and the candidate height 84 of the grid 4 in the second direction based on the tilt angle.
- the information processing device 1 calculates candidate heights of the grids 4 and 5 for all directions including the first direction and the second direction.
- the information processing device 1 determines the candidate height that is the highest position in grid 4 (candidate height 81 in FIG. 6) and the candidate height that is the highest position in grid 5 (candidate height 83 in FIG. 6) as estimated heights in each grid. Then, the information processing apparatus 1 generates interpolation data indicating the estimated height of the grid to be interpolated, and stores it in the memory 12 in association with the integrated point cloud data.
- the information processing apparatus 1 calculates the candidate heights of the interpolation target grid in multiple directions based on the measured heights of the other grids, and determines the highest candidate height among them as the estimated height of the interpolation target grid.
- the estimated height of the grid to be interpolated that exists in the vicinity of the valley of the deposit 4 can also be calculated with high accuracy.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a flowchart executed by the information processing device 1 in this embodiment.
- the information processing device 1 acquires point cloud data from each of the multiple riders 3 (step S11). Then, the information processing device 1 generates integrated point cloud data by integrating the point cloud data obtained from the plurality of riders 3 (step S12). In this case, the information processing device 1 converts the point cloud data of each rider 3 into the reference coordinate system, and acquires data obtained by integrating the converted point cloud data as integrated point cloud data.
- the information processing device 1 divides the space of the reference coordinate system into grids of a predetermined size on the horizontal plane, calculates the measured height based on the integrated point cloud data for each grid, and detects grids for which the measured height cannot be calculated as interpolation target grids (step S13).
- the information processing device 1 calculates candidate heights for each direction for each interpolation target grid (step S14). In this case, the information processing apparatus 1 sets candidate heights for each of the eight directions shown in FIG. 5 for each interpolation target grid.
- the information processing device 1 determines the highest candidate height as the estimated height for each grid to be interpolated (step S15). Then, the information processing device 1 generates interpolation data indicating the estimated height of each interpolation target grid (step S16).
- the first calculation example is a method based on pre-measurement, in which the gradient of the slope of the mountain mass formed when the object to be measured is naturally stacked (such as when the object is dropped from above using a device or the like) is measured in advance, and the value is stored in the memory 12 of the information processing device 1 in advance.
- measurements are performed in advance for each type of object to be measured, and the measurement results of the tilt angles are stored in a table or the like in the memory 12 .
- the information processing device 1 can preferably calculate the tilt angle by referring to the memory 12 .
- the second calculation example is a method using principal component analysis, in which the information processing apparatus 1 sequentially sets interpolation target locations as grids of interest, sets an analysis region (region having width and thickness in the scanning direction) that is elongated in the vertical direction with respect to the grid of interest in the direction in which the grid is scanned, and performs principal component analysis on a set of grid points included in the region. Then, the information processing apparatus 1 calculates the gradient when the eigenvalue of the second principal component and the third principal component is small (the grid point distribution can be determined to be linear) as the tilt angle of the scanning direction in the grid of interest. In this case, if the grid point distribution is not determined to be linear, it is excluded from the interpolation calculation. In addition, when it becomes an upward slope with respect to the grid of interest, it may be excluded from the object of the interpolation calculation.
- the third calculation example is a method using linear approximation or polynomial approximation, and the information processing device 1 sets an elongated analysis area (area having width and thickness in the scanning direction) in the vertical direction in the direction of scanning for the presence of the grid of interest set in the same manner as in the second calculation method, and performs linear approximation or polynomial approximation on a set of grid points included in the area.
- the inclination of the straight line, and in the case of polynomial approximation the inclination of the tangent line at the end point of the approximate curve is calculated as the inclination angle of the scanning direction in the grid of interest.
- FIG. 8 shows the analysis regions set in the second calculation example and the third calculation example in a diagram obtained by observing the measured point of the measurement object from directly above.
- FIG. 9 shows a “vertically elongated analysis region” with respect to the analysis region 1 of FIG. 8 on a perspective view of the measurement point of the measurement object.
- FIG. 10 represents grid points within the analysis region 1 used for principal component analysis (or linear approximation or polynomial approximation) in the cross-sectional view of the measurement object of FIG. 9 along the scanning direction 1 .
- the information processing apparatus 1 obtains a covariance matrix of a set of grid points distributed in space by principal component analysis, performs eigenvalue analysis of the matrix, and obtains three eigenvectors (mutually orthogonal vectors) and three eigenvalues corresponding to each vector.
- the magnitude of the eigenvalue represents the distribution of points in the direction of the corresponding eigenvector.
- the information processing device 1 calculates the angle formed by the direction of the eigenvector corresponding to the first component and the XY plane as the tilt angle.
- the information processing apparatus 1 approximates a set of grid points distributed in space with a linear equation (that is, a linear equation) or a polynomial equation using the least squares method based on linear approximation or polynomial approximation. Then, in the case of linear approximation, the information processing apparatus 1 calculates the angle formed by the direction vector of the straight line and the XY plane as the tilt angle, and in the case of polynomial approximation, calculates the angle formed by the direction vector of the tangential line at the end point of the approximation curve and the XY plane as the tilt angle.
- the directions in which candidate heights are calculated for the grids to be interpolated are not limited to the eight directions indicated by arrows A1 to A8 in FIG.
- the information processing apparatus 1 may calculate candidate heights in the four vertical and horizontal directions indicated by arrows A1 to A4 in the figure, or may calculate candidate heights in the four directions indicated by arrows A5 to A8. In this way, the information processing apparatus 1 calculates candidate heights in a plurality of directions on the horizontal plane, and sets the highest candidate height as the estimated height. As a result, it is possible to calculate a highly accurate estimated height even for the grids to be interpolated near the valley of the deposit 4 .
- the controller 13 of the information processing device 1 acquires integrated point cloud data, which is three-dimensional data of the object to be measured, generated based on point cloud data generated by a plurality of riders 3 measuring the space in which the object to be measured is placed. Then, the controller 13 detects interpolation target grids missing in the accumulated point cloud data. Then, the controller 13 determines candidate heights for interpolating the interpolation target grid for each of the plurality of directions based on the inclination angles of the measurement object for each of the plurality of directions at the interpolation target location. Then, the controller 13 generates interpolation data corresponding to the interpolation target grid based on the candidate height. As a result, the information processing apparatus 1 can suitably generate interpolation data for interpolating a hole in the three-dimensional data of the measurement target formed by the blind spot of the rider 3 or the like.
- Non-transitory computer readable media include various types of tangible storage media.
- Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include magnetic storage media (e.g., flexible discs, magnetic tapes, hard disk drives), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., magneto-optical discs), CD-ROM (Read Only Memory), CD-R, CD-R/W, semiconductor memory (e.g., mask ROM, PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (Random Access Memory)).
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Abstract
Description
計測対象物が置かれた空間を計測する複数の計測装置が生成する計測データに基づき生成された前記計測対象物の3次元データを取得する取得手段と、
前記3次元データにおいて欠けている補間対象箇所を検出する検出手段と、
前記補間対象箇所での複数の方向の各々に対する前記計測対象物の傾斜角度に基づき、前記複数の方向の各々に対する前記補間対象箇所を補間する候補位置を決定する候補位置決定手段と、
前記候補位置に基づき、前記補間対象箇所に対応する前記3次元データの補間データを生成する補間データ生成手段と、
を有する情報処理装置である。
コンピュータが、
計測対象物が置かれた空間を計測する複数の計測装置が生成する計測データに基づき生成された前記計測対象物の3次元データを取得し、
前記3次元データにおいて欠けている補間対象箇所を検出し、
前記補間対象箇所での複数の方向の各々に対する前記計測対象物の傾斜角度に基づき、前記複数の方向の各々に対する前記補間対象箇所を補間する候補位置を決定し、
前記候補位置に基づき、前記補間対象箇所に対応する前記3次元データの補間データを生成する、
制御方法である。
計測対象物が置かれた空間を計測する複数の計測装置が生成する計測データに基づき生成された前記計測対象物の3次元データを取得し、
前記3次元データにおいて欠けている補間対象箇所を検出し、
前記補間対象箇所での複数の方向の各々に対する前記計測対象物の傾斜角度に基づき、前記複数の方向の各々に対する前記補間対象箇所を補間する候補位置を決定し、
前記候補位置に基づき、前記補間対象箇所に対応する前記3次元データの補間データを生成する処理をコンピュータに実行させるプログラムである。
図1は、実施例に係る3次元データ生成システム100の概略構成である。3次元データ生成システム100は、計測対象物の3次元データを生成するシステムであって、センサ群2が生成するデータに関する処理を行う情報処理装置1と、ライダ(Lidar:Light Detection and Ranging、または、Laser Illuminated Detection And Ranging)3を少なくとも含むセンサ群2と、を有する。図2は、計測対象物が存在する空間でのライダ3の設置例を示す。本実施例では、倉庫内に保管された堆積物4が計測対象物となっている。堆積物4は、石膏などの粒状物質が堆積されたものであり、複数の山4A~4Dが連なって形成されている。ライダ3は、堆積物4の全体を計測できるように、倉庫内において複数設置されている。
図3は、情報処理装置1のハードウェア構成の一例を示すブロック図である。情報処理装置1は、主に、インターフェース11と、メモリ12と、コントローラ13と、を有する。これらの各要素は、バスラインを介して相互に接続されている。
まず、補正対象箇所について図4(A)及び図4(B)を参照して説明する。図4(A)及び図4(B)は、ライダ3が出力する点群データに基づく堆積物4の積算点群データを表した図である。ここで、図4(A)では、山の間に形成された谷部分がライダ3の死角となることによってデータが欠損した部分が生じている。また、図4(B)では、ライダ3の縦の隣接する走査ライン間の隙間が大きくなることに起因してデータが欠損した部分が生じている。このように、隣接する走査ラインの隙間は本来は死角ではないのにも関わらず、計測できない領域となる。
次に、傾斜角度の算出方法の具体例(第1算出例~第3算出例)について具体的に説明する。
補間対象グリッドに対して候補高が算出される方向は、グリッドが縦、横、斜めに並ぶ方向である図5の矢印A1~A8の8方向に限定されない。これに代えて、情報処理装置1は、例えば、同図における矢印A1~A4に示される縦横の4方向の候補高を算出してもよく、矢印A5~A8の4方向の候補高を算出してもよい。このように、情報処理装置1は、水平面上における複数の方向における候補高を算出し、最も高い候補高を推定高とする。これにより、堆積物4の谷付近での補間対象グリッドに対しても高精度な推定高を算出することができる。
2 センサ群
3 ライダ
100 3次元データ生成システム
Claims (12)
- 計測対象物が置かれた空間を計測する複数の計測装置が生成する計測データに基づき生成された前記計測対象物の3次元データを取得する取得手段と、
前記3次元データにおいて欠けている補間対象箇所を検出する検出手段と、
前記補間対象箇所での複数の方向の各々に対する前記計測対象物の傾斜角度に基づき、前記複数の方向の各々に対する前記補間対象箇所を補間する候補位置を決定する候補位置決定手段と、
前記候補位置に基づき、前記補間対象箇所に対応する前記3次元データの補間データを生成する補間データ生成手段と、
を有する情報処理装置。 - 前記候補位置決定手段は、前記複数の方向の任意の方向に対する前記傾斜角度を、当該任意の方向に沿った位置における前記計測データに基づく前記計測対象物の被計測位置に基づき推定する、請求項1に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記候補位置決定手段は、主成分分析、直線近似、又は多項式近似のいずれかに基づき、前記傾斜角度を算出する、請求項2に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記候補位置決定手段は、前記傾斜角度を、記憶手段に記憶された前記計測対象物の斜面の勾配に基づき決定する、請求項1に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記補間データ生成手段は、前記補間対象箇所ごとの前記候補位置のうち、最も高い位置となる候補位置に基づき前記補間データを生成する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記3次元データが表す空間の水平面をグリッドに分割する分割手段をさらに有し、
前記検出手段は、前記計測データが示す被計測位置が存在しないグリッドを、前記補間対象箇所として検出する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の情報処理装置。 - 前記複数の方向は、前記水面上の方向であって、前記グリッドが縦、横又は斜めにおいて並ぶ方向に基づき決定される、請求項6に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記計測対象物は、複数の山が形成された堆積物であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記計測対象物は、粉状物の堆積物である、請求項8に記載の情報処理装置。
- コンピュータが、
計測対象物が置かれた空間を計測する複数の計測装置が生成する計測データに基づき生成された前記計測対象物の3次元データを取得し、
前記3次元データにおいて欠けている補間対象箇所を検出し、
前記補間対象箇所での複数の方向の各々に対する前記計測対象物の傾斜角度に基づき、前記複数の方向の各々に対する前記補間対象箇所を補間する候補位置を決定し、
前記候補位置に基づき、前記補間対象箇所に対応する前記3次元データの補間データを生成する、
制御方法。 - 計測対象物が置かれた空間を計測する複数の計測装置が生成する計測データに基づき生成された前記計測対象物の3次元データを取得し、
前記3次元データにおいて欠けている補間対象箇所を検出し、
前記補間対象箇所での複数の方向の各々に対する前記計測対象物の傾斜角度に基づき、前記複数の方向の各々に対する前記補間対象箇所を補間する候補位置を決定し、
前記候補位置に基づき、前記補間対象箇所に対応する前記3次元データの補間データを生成する処理をコンピュータに実行させるプログラム。 - 請求項11に記載のプログラムを記憶した記憶媒体。
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| JP2002236019A (ja) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-08-23 | Pasuko:Kk | 地表面抽出処理システム |
| JP2002343840A (ja) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-29 | Tokyo Seimitsu Co Ltd | 半導体ウエハの表面形状の補間方法 |
| US20130144579A1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Rotations from gradient directions |
| JP2018009831A (ja) | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-18 | パイオニア株式会社 | 情報処理装置、光学機器、制御方法、プログラム及び記憶媒体 |
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| JP2002236019A (ja) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-08-23 | Pasuko:Kk | 地表面抽出処理システム |
| JP2002343840A (ja) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-29 | Tokyo Seimitsu Co Ltd | 半導体ウエハの表面形状の補間方法 |
| US20130144579A1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Rotations from gradient directions |
| JP2018009831A (ja) | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-18 | パイオニア株式会社 | 情報処理装置、光学機器、制御方法、プログラム及び記憶媒体 |
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