WO2023140221A1 - アンテナモジュール、無線通信装置 - Google Patents
アンテナモジュール、無線通信装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023140221A1 WO2023140221A1 PCT/JP2023/001007 JP2023001007W WO2023140221A1 WO 2023140221 A1 WO2023140221 A1 WO 2023140221A1 JP 2023001007 W JP2023001007 W JP 2023001007W WO 2023140221 A1 WO2023140221 A1 WO 2023140221A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- power
- signal
- value
- distance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
- G01S7/006—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations using shared front-end circuitry, e.g. antennas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
- G01S13/765—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
Definitions
- the present disclosure has been made based on the above considerations or points of view, and one of its purposes is to provide an antenna module and a wireless communication device that can be miniaturized.
- the inductance component generated by the electromagnetic coupling between the power-supplied part and the power-supplying element contributes to lowering the operating frequency, so the antenna itself can be made smaller.
- the wireless communication device disclosed herein includes a substrate, a first antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves in a predetermined frequency band, a second antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves in a frequency band, a ground section that is a conductor that provides ground potential for the first and second antennas, and a signal processing section that transmits and receives ranging signals to and from a target device using each of the first and second antennas.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a wireless device; FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure provided in the circuit board.
- 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of an antenna proposed in the present disclosure;
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a first comparative configuration; FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of a configuration in which an antenna is formed three-dimensionally;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram conceptually showing the directivity of a second antenna that is three-dimensionally formed with respect to a vehicle; It is a figure which shows the case where the 2nd antenna is erected with respect to the circuit board as a monopole antenna.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a case where the second antenna is formed as a three-dimensional inverted L antenna;
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing a modified example of a distance measurement value selection algorithm;
- the wireless device 100 reports data indicating the reception strength of the wireless signal from the mobile terminal and the distance from the mobile terminal to the smart ECU as information indicating the location of the mobile terminal.
- the data indicating the distance may be data directly indicating the distance itself or data indirectly indicating the distance to the portable terminal.
- the data that indirectly indicates the distance to the mobile terminal includes a round-trip time (RTT: Round-Trip Time), a two-frequency phase difference, and the like, which will be described later.
- the wireless device 100 corresponds to a wireless communication device.
- the wireless device 100 can be arranged at multiple locations on the vehicle.
- the wireless device 100 may be attached to a door-side B-pillar or a C-pillar on the interior side of the room.
- the pillar here refers to the pillar that supports the roof
- the B pillar refers to the second pillar from the front
- the C pillar refers to the third pillar from the front.
- the door-side B-pillar refers to a portion of the window frame of the door that contacts the B-pillar of the vehicle body.
- the wireless device 100 may be configured on the premise that it is arranged near the outside door handle for the driver's seat or front passenger seat, the roof, the rearview mirror, the side mirror, the rear bumper, the trunk door handle, and the like.
- the wireless device 100 is attached so that the circuit board 3, which will be described later, faces an attachment target portion, which is a vehicle body portion corresponding to an attachment destination.
- a smart ECU is an ECU that implements a passive entry & passive start system by performing wireless communication with a mobile terminal via the wireless device 100 .
- the smart ECU determines the position of the mobile terminal relative to the vehicle based on the reception strength and distance information of signals from the mobile terminal that are input from a plurality of wireless devices 100 mounted on the vehicle. Then, when the smart ECU can confirm through wireless communication with the mobile terminal that the mobile terminal is present near the door of the vehicle, the smart ECU unlocks/locks the door using the depression of the door button as a trigger.
- the power supply for running is a power supply for running the vehicle, and indicates an ignition power supply when the vehicle is an engine vehicle.
- the running power supply refers to the system main relay.
- a three-dimensional coordinate system including these X-, Y-, and Z-axes is a concept for explaining the configuration of the wireless device 100.
- the X-axis corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle
- the Y-axis corresponds to the vertical direction of the vehicle
- the Z-axis corresponds to the vehicle width direction.
- the lower case 1 is formed in a flat box shape (in other words, a shallow bottom) with an open upper surface. That is, the lower case 1 includes a bottom surface portion 11 facing the circuit board 3 with a predetermined gap, and a lower wall portion 12 extending upward from the edge of the bottom surface portion 11 . Note that the lower wall portion 12 is an optional element and may be omitted. Through holes 13 for passing screws are formed in the bottom portion 11 at positions corresponding to the screw holes 32 provided in the circuit board 3 . A plurality of through holes 13 for screwing may be provided at the four corners of the bottom surface portion 11 .
- the lower case 1 may be made of metal. According to the lower case 1 made of metal, the effect of improving the strength of the device and the effect of improving the electrical connection with the vehicle body, in other words, the effect of improving the stability of the circuit ground can be expected. Furthermore, the lower case 1 may be realized by combining a metal member and resin.
- the lower case 1 may be a member in which a metal frame is covered with resin.
- the lower case 1 may have a structure in which a metal frame is embedded inside a resin member that provides an external shape.
- the upper case 2 is a member that covers the circuit board 3 from above to accommodate and protect the circuit board 3 .
- the upper case 2 is made of a resin material such as polycarbonate to transmit radio waves.
- the upper case 2 accommodates the circuit board 3 and is configured to be fittable with the lower case 1 .
- a notch portion 23 for exposing the vicinity of the tip of the connector 5 is formed in the side wall portion 22 of the upper case 2 at the portion corresponding to the connector 5 .
- the inside of the upper case 2 is formed with a stepped portion having a hole for receiving a screw at a position corresponding to the screw hole 32 .
- the side wall portion 22 or the bottom portion 11 may be provided with metal fittings or the like for attaching the wireless device 100 to the vehicle body.
- a variety of attachment mechanisms can be used as the attachment mechanism for fixing the wireless device 100 to the vehicle body.
- the circuit board 3 is a plate-like member in which various electronic components are mounted on a printed circuit board.
- the printed circuit board it is possible to use a multi-layer board in which a plurality of conductor layers are built up based on an insulating layer such as a glass epoxy board (FR4: Flame Retardant Type 4).
- FR4 Glass epoxy board
- the circuit board 3 is realized using a glass epoxy resin having a dielectric constant of about 4.3 to 4.9.
- the circuit board 3 is a single-sided board or a double-sided board without internal conductor layers. Note that the circuit board 3 may be realized using a multilayer board having internal conductor layers.
- the circuit board 3 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape so as to fit the shape of the lower case 1 .
- 3xp in the drawing indicates an edge parallel to the Y-axis, which is located relatively on the positive side of the X-axis among the four edges (sides) of the circuit board 3 .
- 3xn in the drawing indicates an edge parallel to the Y-axis located on the negative direction side of the X-axis in the circuit board 3 .
- yp indicates the edge located relatively on the Y-axis positive direction side of the two edges of the circuit board 3 parallel to the X-axis
- yn indicates the edge relatively located on the Y-axis negative direction side.
- the circuit board 3 includes a ground layer, which is a conductor layer electrically connected to the ground side wire of the power cable via a connector or the like.
- the ground layer provides ground potential for various circuits.
- the ground layer is formed on the lower surface of the circuit board 3 as an example.
- a conductor pattern that provides a ground potential and is formed on the ground layer is referred to as a ground portion 31 .
- the ground portion 31 is a plate-shaped conductor member.
- the plate shape here includes a thin film shape such as a copper foil.
- Screw holes 32 for screwing the circuit board 3 to the lower case 1 and the upper case 2 are formed at the four corners of the circuit board 3 .
- the positions of the screw holes 32 can be changed as appropriate, and may be formed at positions corresponding to each other in the lower case 1, the upper case 2, and the circuit board 3, respectively.
- the positions corresponding to each other correspond to positions where they overlap when viewed from above.
- the screw holes 32 in other words, the fixing portions for fixing the circuit board 3 to the lower case 1 and the upper case 2 may be provided at four or more locations.
- various locking structures such as snap-fitting in addition to screwing.
- Screw hole 32 is an optional element.
- a first antenna 4a, a second antenna 4b, a connector 5, and a control circuit 6 are formed on the upper surface of the circuit board 3, as shown in FIG.
- Both the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b are antennas 4 for transmitting and receiving radio waves in a predetermined target frequency band.
- Each antenna 4 may be a transmission/reception antenna, or may be a reception-only antenna.
- the expression antenna for transmitting and receiving radio signals in a certain frequency band can include not only antennas used for both transmission and reception, but also antennas used only for reception.
- the expression "transmission/reception” can be interpreted as at least one of transmission/reception and reception. The same applies to the description of the communication IC 63 and the like. Since the operation of an antenna is reversible between transmission and reception of radio waves, an antenna capable of receiving a certain radio wave can be understood as an antenna capable of transmitting the radio wave.
- the antenna 4 is configured to be able to transmit and receive radio waves in the frequency band used for short-range wireless communication such as Bluetooth (registered trademark) and Wi-Fi (registered trademark).
- the wireless device 100 is configured to perform BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) communication with a mobile terminal.
- BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
- the antenna 4 is configured to be able to transmit and receive radio waves of frequencies belonging to the band from 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz (hereinafter referred to as the 2.4 GHz band).
- the target frequency which is the operating frequency of the antenna 4
- the antenna 4 may be other frequency bands such as the 700 MHz band and the 5 GHz band.
- the antenna 4 may be an antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves (in other words, radio signals) in the frequency band used for cellular communication. That is, it may be an antenna for performing data communication with a radio base station constituting a 4G or 5G mobile communication system.
- the circuit board 3 on which the antenna 4 is formed corresponds to an antenna module. Details of the configuration of the antenna 4 will be described separately later.
- the connector 5 is a component for connecting various cables such as a power cable and a communication cable with the smart ECU.
- the connector 5 is attached to the edge of the circuit board 3 on the Y-axis negative direction side.
- the control circuit 6 is a circuit module that controls the operation of the radio 100 and includes various electronic components.
- the control circuit 6 includes a switch 61 , power supply circuit 62 , communication IC 63 , memory 64 , storage 65 and processor 66 .
- the switch 61 is a switch circuit for switching the antenna 4 to which the input/output terminal of the communication IC 63 is connected.
- the switch 61 can take a first connection state in which the first antenna 4a is connected to the communication IC 63 and a second connection state in which the second antenna 4b is connected to the communication IC 63 as the connection state.
- the connection state of the switch 61 is switched by the communication IC 63 .
- the switch 61 may be configured as a three-state switch that can adopt a neutral state in which the communication IC 63 is not connected to any antenna 4 .
- the power supply circuit 62 is a circuit module that converts the voltage input from the power cable into a predetermined voltage suitable for the operation of the communication IC 63 and the like and outputs the voltage.
- the communication IC 63 is a circuit module that performs signal processing related to at least one of signal transmission and signal reception. Communication IC 63 implements at least one of modulation, demodulation, frequency conversion, amplification, digital-to-analog conversion, and detection.
- the communication IC 63 has a function of detecting the received strength and the phase of the received signal. Also, the communication IC 63 can have a function of detecting a transmission/reception phase difference, which will be described later.
- a module group that performs signal processing such as the communication IC 63, memory 64, storage 65, processor 66, etc.
- the signal processing unit 6x may be configured as one chip as a system-on-chip (SoC).
- SoC system-on-chip
- the signal processing unit 6x may have functions as a smart ECU such as a position determination function of a mobile terminal.
- ⁇ hereinafter represents the wavelength of the radio wave of the target frequency (hereinafter also referred to as the target wavelength).
- ⁇ /2 and “0.5 ⁇ ” refer to half lengths of the wavelength of interest
- ⁇ /4 and “0.25 ⁇ ” refer to quarter lengths of the wavelength of interest.
- the wavelength (that is, ⁇ ) of the 2.4 GHz radio wave in vacuum and air is 125 mm.
- expressions using ⁇ can be interpreted as electrical lengths.
- the electrical length here is an effective length in consideration of the fringing electric field, the wavelength shortening effect of the dielectric, and the like.
- the electrical length is sometimes called the effective length.
- ⁇ can be interpreted as the length in vacuum or air for the portion that is not affected by the wavelength shortening effect or the like.
- the second antenna 4b has substantially the same configuration as the first antenna 4a.
- the feed element 7a of the first antenna 4a and the feed element 7b of the second antenna 4b are also referred to as the feed element 7 when not distinguished.
- the combinations of main body portion 71a and main body portion 71b, short-circuit portion 72a and short-circuit portion 72b, power-supplied portion 73a and power-supplied portion 73b, and power supply element 8a and power supply element 8b are collectively referred to as main body portion 71, short-circuit portion 72, power-supplied portion 73, and power supply element 8 when they are not distinguished from each other.
- the first antenna 4a is arranged on the positive Y-axis side of the switch 61.
- the second antenna 4b is arranged on the positive side of the switch 61 in the X-axis direction.
- the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b are arranged with their longitudinal directions perpendicular to each other.
- the radiating elements 7a and 7b are formed on the substrate surface.
- the feed elements 8 a and 8 b are formed on the lower side surface of the circuit board 3 , that is, on the same layer as the ground portion 31 .
- the ground portion 31 is formed over most of the lower surface of the circuit board 3, as shown in FIG.
- the ground portion 31 is formed so as to have a distance of 2 mm or more from the feeding element 8a.
- the ground portion 31 is formed with a notch portion in a portion where the feeding element 8a is formed. Note that the notch portion for the feeding element 8a is an optional element and can be omitted.
- the ground portion 31 corresponds to a ground plane for the antenna 4 .
- the body portion 71a of the first antenna 4a is a linear conductor element.
- the expression “linear” in this disclosure also includes shapes with constant width/thickness.
- the expression “linear” includes strips and rods whose width and thickness are sufficiently smaller than the length in the longitudinal direction.
- the body portion 71a is formed linearly.
- the main body portion 71a may have one or more bent portions such as an L shape or a meandering shape.
- the short-circuit portion 72 a is a conductor that connects one end of the main body portion 71 a to the ground portion 31 .
- the short-circuit portion 72a is arranged parallel to the Y-axis toward the Y-axis negative direction side from the end portion of the body portion 71a on the X-axis negative direction side.
- the other end of the short-circuit portion 72a is electrically connected to the ground portion 31 formed on the lower surface of the circuit board 3 through vias 33 and the like as shown in FIG.
- the length of the short circuit portion 72a is set to 5 mm, for example. Of course, the length of the short-circuit portion 72a may be other values such as 4 mm or 6 mm.
- the lengths of the short circuit portion 72a and the main body portion 71a are designed so that the sum of their lengths resonates in the target frequency band.
- the total length of the short circuit portion 72a and the main body portion 71a that resonate in the target frequency band can be obtained by simulation using ⁇ /4 as a reference.
- the total length of the short-circuit portion 72a and the main body portion 71a is set smaller than ⁇ /4 by about 10 mm.
- the power-supplied portion 73a is a linear conductor whose one end is connected to the middle of the main body portion 71a and whose other end is an open end.
- An open end as used herein refers to an end that is not electrically connected to another conductor.
- the power-supplied portion 73a is formed parallel to the short-circuit portion 72a.
- a distance (D11) between the power-supplied portion 73a and the short-circuit portion 72 may be set to 3 mm, 5 mm, or the like.
- the positional relationship of each member on the circuit board 3, in other words, the layout can be changed as appropriate.
- the length of the power-supplied portion 73a is the same as that of the short-circuit portion 72a.
- the power-supplied portion 73a may be formed shorter than the short-circuit portion 72a by a predetermined amount (1 to 2 mm). Further, the power-supplied portion 73a may be formed longer than the short-circuit portion 72a by a predetermined amount.
- the width (D12) of the power-supplied portion 73a is set larger than the width of the power-supplying element 8a by a predetermined amount.
- the power-supplied portion 73a is formed to be about 1.0 mm thicker than the power-supplying element 8a.
- the width of the main body portion 71a, the short-circuit portion 72a, and the feeding element 8a may be set to 1.0 mm.
- the width of each pattern can be changed as appropriate, and the width of each member may be different.
- the power-supplied portion 73 may be formed to have the same width (for example, 1.0 mm) as the body portion 71 and the short-circuit portion 72 .
- the feeding element 8a is a linear element arranged on the lower surface of the circuit board 3 at a position overlapping the power-fed portion 73a.
- the feeding element 8 a is a conductor pattern formed on the lower surface of the circuit board 3 . As shown in FIG. 6, the feeding element 8a is formed parallel to the fed portion 73a.
- the feeding element 8a of this embodiment is formed so as to face the entire section of the fed portion 73a.
- the feeding element 8a may be formed so as to overlap at least a portion of the fed portion 73a when viewed from above.
- the width of the feeding element 8 is set to about half the pattern width of the fed portion 73, such as 0.5 mm.
- the feeding element 8 may be formed with the same width as the fed portion 73 .
- an effect of improving the power feeding efficiency can be expected compared to the configuration in which the power-feeding element 8 is thicker than the power-supplied portion 73 .
- the distance (D13) between the feeding element 8a and the fed portion 73a in other words, the thickness of the circuit board 3 is set to 1.0 mm or the like.
- the distance (D13) between the power supply element 8a and the power-supplied portion 73a may be set to a value at which the power supply element 8a and the power-supplied portion 73a can be electromagnetically coupled. ⁇ /20 is assumed as an example of the limit value of the distance at which the feeding element 8a can be electromagnetically coupled to the fed portion 73a.
- D13 may be 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, or the like. The smaller the distance between the feeding element 8a and the fed portion 73a, the greater the degree of electromagnetic coupling, which is preferable.
- One end of the feed element 8a is an open end, and the other end is electrically connected to one contact of the switch 61.
- the end electrically connected to the switch 61 acts as the feeding point 9a.
- the feeding point is a portion where the antenna 4 and the signal terminal of the communication IC 63 are electrically connected via wiring such as a microstrip line or the switch 61 .
- a feeding point can be understood as a connection point with the communication IC 63 or a feeding line.
- the electrical energy flowing into the feeding element 8a from the feeding point 9a propagates to the radiating element 7a through electromagnetic coupling with the fed portion 73a, causing resonance.
- the configuration of the second antenna 4b can be the same as that of the first antenna 4a except that the mounting posture is different.
- a body portion 71b of the second antenna 4b is a linear conductor element.
- the body portion 71b is formed in a position parallel to the Y-axis at a position on the X-axis positive direction side of the switch 61 . More specifically, the body portion 71b is arranged parallel to the Y-axis within a range of 2 cm from the edge 3xp of the circuit board 3 on the positive side of the X-axis.
- the length of the body portion 71b is set to 13.5 mm. Of course, the length of the body portion 71b may be other values.
- the extending directions of the main body portions 71a and 71b are orthogonal to each other. This configuration corresponds to a configuration in which the body portion 71b is formed along the direction in which the body portion 71a is rotated by 90 degrees.
- the short-circuit portion 72b is a conductor that connects one end of the main body portion 71b to the ground portion 31.
- the short-circuit portion 72b is arranged parallel to the Y-axis toward the negative X-axis direction from the end of the main body portion 71b on the Y-axis positive direction side.
- the other end of the short-circuit portion 72 b is electrically connected to the ground portion 31 formed on the lower surface of the circuit board 3 through the via 33 .
- the length of the short circuit portion 72b is set to 5 mm.
- the length of the short-circuit portion 72b may have other values.
- the lengths of the short-circuit portion 72b and the main body portion 71b are designed so that the sum of the respective lengths resonates in the target frequency band, similarly to the radiation element 7a.
- the power-supplied portion 73b is a linear conductor, one end of which is connected to the middle of the main body portion 71b, and the other end of which is an open end.
- the power-supplied portion 73b is formed parallel to the short-circuit portion 72b on the Y-axis negative direction side of the short-circuit portion 72b.
- a distance (D21) between the power-supplied portion 73b and the short-circuit portion 72 may be 3 mm, 5 mm, or the like. D21 can be changed as appropriate.
- the length of the power-supplied portion 73b is the same as that of the short-circuit portion 72b.
- the power-supplied portion 73b may be formed shorter/longer than the short-circuit portion 72b by a predetermined amount (for example, 1 to 2 mm).
- the width (D22) of the power-supplied portion 73b is set larger than the width of the power-supplying element 8b by a predetermined amount.
- the power-supplied portion 73b may be formed thicker than the power-supplying element 8b by about 1.0 mm.
- the widths of the main body portion 71b, the short-circuit portion 72b, and the feeding element 8b are approximately 1.0 mm.
- the feeding element 8b is a linear element arranged on the lower side surface of the circuit board 3 at a position overlapping the fed portion 73b.
- the feed element 8b may be a conductor pattern patterned on the lower surface of the circuit board 3 .
- the feeding element 8b is formed parallel to the fed portion 73b.
- the distance between the feeding element 8b and the fed portion 73b is set to 1.0 mm or the like.
- the distance between the power supply element 8b and the power-supplied portion 73b may be set to a value that allows the power supply element 8b to be electromagnetically coupled with the power-supplied portion 73b.
- the length of the feeding element 8 may be the same as the power-fed portion 73 or may be shorter than the power-fed portion 73 .
- One end of the feeding element 8b is an open end, and the other end is electrically connected to one contact of the switch 61.
- the end that is electrically connected to switch 61 acts as feed point 9b.
- the electrical energy flowing into the feeding element 8b from the feeding point 9b propagates to the radiating element 7b through the fed portion 73b by electromagnetic coupling, causing resonance.
- the circuit board 3 described above corresponds to a configuration in which two parasitic inverted-F antennas are arranged on one surface of a dielectric plate having a predetermined thickness and dielectric constant, and feeding elements 8a and 8b are provided on the opposite surface.
- the configuration of the circuit board 3 is not limited to this.
- the feeding element 8 may be formed in a layer different from that of the ground portion 31 .
- Feeding element 8 may be formed in an internal layer.
- the ground portion 31 does not need to have a notch portion for avoiding electrical connection with the feeding element 8a.
- the ground portion 31 as a ground plane may be formed inside the substrate.
- an inverted F-type radiating element looks like an F-type when viewed from the other side.
- the expression “inverted F antenna” follows the customary designation in the technical field of antennas.
- the expression “inverted F antenna” also includes an F-shaped antenna that is not inverted. In other words, an inverted F antenna can also be called an F-type antenna.
- An inverted L antenna, which will be described later, can also be called an L-shaped antenna.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows the proposed configuration.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a first comparative configuration.
- the first comparative configuration is a configuration in which the inverted F antenna is configured to directly feed power to the power-fed portion.
- the second comparative structure refers to a structure in which part of the main body portion of the first comparative structure is formed in a meandering shape as shown in FIG. 10 .
- the developers of the present disclosure simulated the length of the main body that causes resonance at 2.4 GHz in each of the first comparative configuration and the proposed configuration, and found that the first comparative configuration requires 23.55 mm, while the proposed configuration requires 13.5 mm.
- the lengths and widths of the short-circuiting portion and the power-supplied portion, other than the length of the main body portion and the power feeding method are set to be the same between the first comparative configuration and the proposed configuration.
- the reason why the above results were obtained is presumed as follows. That is, in the proposed configuration in which power is supplied by electromagnetic coupling between the power-supplied portion 73 and the power-supplying element 8, the power-supplying portion 73 and the power-supplying element 8 form mutual inductance, and the mutual inductance component contributes to the determination of the operating frequency. Specifically, if the mutual inductance component is M, the operating frequency (f) is determined by f ⁇ 1/ ⁇ (M+L)C ⁇ . According to the proposed configuration, it is possible to increase the inductance of the antenna, so that the size can be reduced.
- a second comparative configuration is also conceivable as a configuration related to the miniaturization of the antenna.
- the effect of suppressing the size of the antenna can be expected by forming the main body portion into a meandering shape.
- the capacitor (C) formed by the entire antenna increases due to capacitive coupling between the meander portions and part of the meander portion with the ground portion.
- the gain (G) of the antenna is proportional to L/C. That is, since there is a relationship of G ⁇ L/C, an increase in the capacitor can lead to a decrease in gain.
- the configuration of the present embodiment it is possible to suppress an increase in the capacitance component compared to the second comparative configuration, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in gain. In other words, it is possible to achieve both the miniaturization of the antenna and the maintenance/improvement of the gain.
- the RTT is measured as the time from when a response request signal is transmitted to the communication partner to when the response signal is received from the communication partner.
- the signal processing unit 6x may use, as the RTT, a value obtained by performing a predetermined correction process, such as subtracting an assumed response processing time occurring in the mobile terminal or an assumed delay time occurring in the wireless device 100, from the elapsed time from the actual transmission of the signal to the reception.
- the signal processing unit 6x Based on a request from the smart ECU/voluntarily, the signal processing unit 6x performs distance communication with the mobile terminal, generates a distance corresponding value, and reports it to the smart ECU.
- the signal processing unit 6x of the present embodiment calculates a two-frequency phase difference for each combination of frequencies used for BLE communication as a distance correspondence value. Note that the reception intensity can also be observed from the ranging signal.
- the signal processing unit 6x uses the ranging signal to specify the transmission/reception phase difference and the reception strength in parallel.
- the communication IC 63 may specify the transmission/reception phase difference for each frequency, and the processor 66 may calculate the two-frequency phase difference for each combination of frequencies based on the transmission/reception phase difference for each frequency.
- the signal processor 6x may be configured to calculate the RTT in addition to/instead of the two-frequency phase difference.
- the signal processing unit 6x uses the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b in a time division manner by alternately switching the connection state of the switch 61 as shown in FIG.
- the signal processing unit 6x stores the reception strength of the signal from the mobile terminal acquired via the first antenna 4a in the memory 64 as the first reception strength. Further, the signal processing unit 6x stores the reception strength of the signal from the mobile terminal acquired via the second antenna 4b in the memory 64 as the second reception strength.
- the signal processing unit 6x performs distance communication and calculates the distance correspondence value and the distance measurement value each time the antenna used for communication is switched/every time the frequency used is changed.
- the signal processing unit 6x stores the distance correspondence value obtained by the ranging communication using the first antenna 4a in the memory 64 as the first distance correspondence value. Further, the signal processing unit 6x stores the distance correspondence value obtained by the ranging communication using the second antenna 4b in the memory 64 as the second distance correspondence value.
- the hopping period (Thp) which defines the interval at which frequency changes can be made, can be set to different/arbitrary values depending on the network.
- the hopping period may be a fixed value, or may be determined dynamically for each communication connection/data communication according to a predetermined communication sequence.
- the switching interval (Tsw) of the antenna 4 may be set shorter than the hopping cycle or may be set longer than the hopping cycle.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a case where the switching interval is set to half the hopping cycle. Note that f1 shown in FIG. 11 indicates a first frequency that is an arbitrary frequency belonging to the 2.4 GHz band. Further, f2 indicates a second frequency different from the first frequency among frequencies belonging to the 2.4 GHz band.
- the switching interval may be set to 20 milliseconds, 50 milliseconds, or the like. In a configuration in which the switching interval is set to half the hopping period, ranging communication using each antenna 4 is sequentially performed while one channel is maintained.
- the switching interval (Tsw) of the antenna 4 is set to less than half the hopping period, and the signal processing unit 6x performs ranging communication for each antenna while one channel is maintained.
- the signal processing unit 6x may be configured to switch the connection state of the switch 61 at the timing when the frequency is switched and at the timing when half of the hopping cycle has passed since the frequency change, and perform ranging communication using the antenna 4 according to the connection state after switching.
- the switching interval may be set to 50 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, or the like.
- the signal processing unit 6x may transmit and receive the ranging signal every time the frequency is switched twice.
- the signal processor 6x may intentionally change the communication frequency by exchanging a predetermined control signal with the mobile terminal. The frequency to be used may be changed each time ranging communication for each antenna 4 is performed.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the distance report processing performed by the signal processing unit 6x, and can include steps S11 to S17.
- the distance report process is a series of processes for reporting data related to the distance from the wireless device 100 as its own device (self) to the mobile terminal to the smart ECU.
- the signal processing unit 6x performs distance report processing at predetermined intervals when the wireless device 100 as its own device or another device such as another wireless device 100 mounted on the vehicle is connected to the mobile terminal for communication.
- the flowcharts shown in the present disclosure are all examples, and the number of steps constituting the flowcharts, the execution order of the processes, and the execution conditions can be changed as appropriate.
- the signal processing unit 6x may perform the distance report processing based on the input from the outside of a sensor signal indicating that the user has operated the door handle or the start button of the vehicle.
- Step S11 is a step of performing ranging communication using the first antenna 4a.
- Step S11 includes setting the connection state of the switch 61 to the first connection state, transmitting a ranging signal to the mobile terminal, and receiving a response from the mobile terminal.
- the distance measurement signal exchanged with the mobile terminal may be a predetermined command signal requesting a return of a response, or may be a CW signal.
- Step S12 is a step of acquiring the reception strength, distance correspondence value, and distance measurement value based on the reception result of the response from the mobile terminal.
- the distance correspondence value in this embodiment is the two-frequency phase difference, it may be the RTT.
- the measured distance value corresponds to a parameter obtained by converting the distance corresponding value expressed in the dimension of time or angle into the dimension of distance.
- a distance value is calculated as a one-way distance.
- the distance measurement value may be a round trip distance.
- ⁇ be the two-frequency phase difference
- C (3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 m/sec) be the propagation speed of the radio wave
- ⁇ f be the difference between the two frequencies
- L the one-way distance to the portable device 2.
- L C ⁇ /(4 ⁇ f).
- a distance measurement value can be calculated using the relational expression.
- the communication IC 63 or the processor 66 may convert the distance correspondence value into the distance measurement value.
- "Acquisition” in the present disclosure also includes generation/detection/determination by internal calculation based on data input from other devices/sensors. This is because the functional arrangement within the system can be changed as appropriate.
- the processor 66 has a distance measurement value calculation function.
- the signal processing unit 6x may use a distance correspondence value such as a two-frequency phase difference expressed in the dimension of time or angle or an RTT as it is as a distance measurement value.
- the concept of ranging values can include distance-corresponding values such as two-frequency phase difference and RTT.
- the signal processing unit 6x dynamically selects a combination in which the difference frequency ⁇ f, which is the frequency difference, is 10 MHz or more and less than 70 MHz as the distance measurement frequency, and calculates the two-frequency phase difference and the distance measurement value.
- the signal processing unit 6x may calculate the two-frequency phase difference and the distance measurement value in a combination of multiple frequencies.
- a final distance measurement value may be determined by calculating a distance measurement value for each combination of frequencies with four or more frequencies as a population and combining them.
- Step S13 is a step of performing ranging communication using the second antenna 4b.
- Step S13 includes setting the connection state of the switch 61 to the second connection state, transmitting a ranging signal to the mobile terminal, and receiving a response from the mobile terminal.
- Step S15 is a step of selecting an output ranging value, which is a ranging value to be output to an external device such as a smart ECU, from among the first ranging value and the second ranging value.
- the output range-finding value can be used to determine the device position, such as whether the mobile terminal is near the vehicle or whether it is inside the vehicle. Therefore, the output range-finding value can also be called a position determination range-finding value.
- the first distance measurement value and the second distance measurement value can also be interpreted as candidates for the distance measurement value used for position determination.
- Step S15 can also be interpreted as a step of selecting the range value to be used for determining the device position from the range values observed using the first antenna 4a and the range values observed using the second antenna 4b.
- the signal processing unit 6x adopts the smaller one of the first distance measurement value and the second distance measurement value as the output distance measurement value. If the mobile terminal is in a multipath environment and the signal from the mobile terminal is reflected by other objects and reaches the wireless device 100, the measured distance value may be calculated longer than the actual distance. The smaller of the two distance measurements is less likely to be affected by multipath. The control described above was created in view of such circumstances, and by adopting the smaller one of the first measured distance value and the second measured distance value as the measured distance value for output, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the position of the mobile terminal will be determined based on an erroneous measured distance value. As another aspect, the signal processing unit 6x may select, of the two distance measurement values acquired in the current distance report process, the one with the smaller amount of change from the distance measurement value adopted in the previous process as the current output distance measurement value.
- Step S16 is a step of selecting the output reception intensity, which is the reception intensity to be output to an external device such as a smart ECU, from among the first reception intensity and the second reception intensity.
- Output received strength may also be used to determine device location. Therefore, the output reception strength can also be called a position determination reception strength.
- step S16 can be interpreted as a step of selecting the reception strength to be used for determining the device position from among the first reception strength and the second reception strength.
- Step S17 is a step of outputting, as observation result data, a data set including the output distance measurement value determined in step S15 and the output reception intensity determined in step S16 to the smart ECU as observation result data.
- the observation result data can include, in addition to the reception intensity and the measured distance value, a wireless device ID that is an identification number of the wireless device 100 as information indicating the transmission source, a time stamp that indicates the observation time, and the like.
- the signal processing unit 6x adopts the relatively larger value of the two received strengths observed using each of the two antennas as the output received strength.
- a configuration that can use reception strengths observed at a plurality of antennas to determine the device position a configuration that uses an average value of reception strengths observed at each antenna is generally conceivable.
- the sensitivity of each antenna may differ depending on the attitude of the mobile terminal.
- averaging the reception strength of a plurality of antennas may induce an erroneous determination of the device position.
- the structure and positional relationship of the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b shown in FIG. 2 and the like are examples, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the first antenna 4a may be formed in a posture in which the posture illustrated in FIG. 2 is reversed with the X axis as the axis of symmetry.
- the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b may be arranged such that the main body portions 71 of each of them are aligned substantially in the same straight line.
- the distance (D3) between the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b is preferably set to ⁇ /8 or more.
- the body portion 71 of the antenna 4 may have a bent portion 711 as shown in FIG.
- Indirect feeding to an inverted-F antenna using electromagnetic coupling which is one characteristic configuration of the present disclosure, can also be applied to a configuration in which part of the main body 71 is formed in a meandering shape.
- the feeding element 8 does not necessarily have to be linear, and may have a curved shape or may be formed in a loop shape.
- the feeding elements 8a and 8b may be formed in a loop shape connected to the ground portion 31.
- the second antenna 4b may have a three-dimensional shape. As shown in FIG. 17, the second antenna 4b may be configured as a three-dimensional inverted F antenna in which the body portion 71b is erected so as to be perpendicular to the substrate.
- the second antenna 4b having such a three-dimensional shape can be fixed by a cuboid-shaped or plate-shaped support portion 34 made of a dielectric material having a dielectric constant of a predetermined value or more.
- the body portion 71b of the second antenna 4b may be patterned on the surface of the support portion 34 .
- the power-supplied portion 73 b may be provided inside the support portion 34 or may be provided on the side surface portion of the support portion 34 .
- the support portion 34 may be molded integrally with the circuit board 3 . Such a support portion 34 can also be called a stepped portion. Alternatively, the support 34 may be a dielectric block/plate manufactured separately from the circuit board 3 . The support portion 34 may be a member attached to the surface of the circuit board 3 . The support portion 34 may be fixed to the surface of the circuit board 3 .
- a bent portion 711 for suppressing the height may be formed on the open end side of the main body portion 71b. Since the current intensity is relatively small on the open end side of the main body portion 71b, it can be expected that the influence on the antenna characteristics due to the provision of the bent portion 711 will be within the allowable range.
- the antenna characteristics here refer to directivity and polarization/deterioration of the plane of polarization.
- the bent portion 711 may have a length of about 25% to 50% of the entire body portion 71b.
- the length of the main body portion 71b can be reduced compared to the first comparative configuration and the like, as described above.
- the effect of suppressing the height of the second antenna 4b can be obtained.
- FIG. 17 shows a mode in which the short circuit portion 72b is formed on the same surface as the ground portion 31, the short circuit portion 72b may be formed on the upper surface of the circuit board 3 as shown in FIG.
- the second antenna 4b as a three-dimensional indirectly-fed inverted F antenna may be formed as a module integrated with a resin block as the support portion .
- the short-circuit portion 72b and the main body portion 71b can be conductors patterned on the bottom surface of the support portion 34 and on the side surface of the support portion 34, respectively.
- the power-supplied portion 73b is a conductor added to the inside of the support portion 34 or the side portion thereof.
- the power-supplied portion 37b can be realized by inserting a sheet metal/conductor pin or forming a pattern at a position having a predetermined distance from the short-circuit portion 72b in the support portion 34 .
- the feeding element 8b can also be realized by inserting a sheet metal/conductor pin at a position facing the fed portion 73b in the supporting portion 34 or forming a pattern inside.
- the feeding element 8b can have a lead-out portion 81b for connecting a portion formed inside the support portion 34 and a terminal of the switch 61. As shown in FIG.
- the lead-out portion 81b is formed in a pattern on the side surface of the support portion 34. As shown in FIG.
- the lead-out portion 81b may be a jumper wire or the like.
- FIG. 19 As a configuration example of the three-dimensional second antenna 4b, the configuration shown in FIG. 19 can also be adopted.
- the power supply element 8b is erected with respect to the circuit board 3 so as to face the power-supplied portion 73b with a predetermined gap therebetween.
- the second antenna 4b can be supported by the support portion 34.
- the support portion 34 may be omitted if sufficient strength can be ensured by the second antenna 4b alone.
- Support 34 is an optional element.
- the short-circuit portion 72b is electrically connected to the ground portion 31 using vias 33 provided on the circuit board 3. As shown in FIG.
- the configuration in which the second antenna 4b is a three-dimensional antenna causes the second antenna 4b to take a vertical position with respect to the vehicle body. Therefore, the radio wave from the second antenna 4b can be propagated along the vehicle body from the mounting target portion.
- the configuration in which the wireless device 100 is attached to the outer surface of the B pillar as indicated by the broken line in FIG. 20 conceptually shows the beam formed by the second antenna 4b erected with respect to the circuit board 3, and the dotted line conceptually shows the beam formed by the first antenna 4a formed in a plane on the surface of the circuit board 3.
- the size and shape of each beam are exaggerated to ensure the visibility of the drawing.
- the configuration in which the second antenna 4b is a three-dimensional antenna has been described, but the first antenna 4a may be configured three-dimensionally.
- the above description of the three-dimensional structure of the second antenna 4b can be used as the description of the structure of the first antenna 4a formed to stand on the circuit board 3.
- both the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b may be configured as three-dimensional antennas.
- a three-dimensional antenna here refers to an antenna having a portion erected on the upper surface of the circuit board 3 .
- the shape/dimensions of the first antenna 4a and the second antenna 4b may be different.
- the wireless device 100 may be provided with three or more antennas 4 .
- a function corresponding to the switch 61 may be incorporated in the communication IC 63 .
- the signal processing unit 6x may be configured to switch the antenna 4 used for distance measurement or the like by switching the port (terminal) for outputting the high frequency signal in the communication IC 63 .
- the signal processing unit 6x may be configured to stop outputting the measured distance value or output an error value when the antenna 4 with the stronger reception strength and the antenna 4 with the smaller measured distance value do not match as shown in FIG.
- a case where the antenna 4 with a high received strength and the antenna 4 with a low measured value do not match is, for example, when the first received strength is greater than the second received strength by a predetermined value or more and the second measured value is smaller than the first measured value by a predetermined value or more.
- the error value is a predetermined value indicating that a valid distance measurement result has not been obtained.
- the error value can also be called a ranging error code.
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Abstract
Description
逆F型に形成された導体である放射素子と、放射素子に電磁界結合で非接触に給電するための導体である給電素子と、を有し、放射素子は、線状導体である本体部と、本体部の一端をグランド部に接続する短絡部と、一端が本体部の途中に接続され、他端が開放端となっている被給電部と、を備え、給電素子は、被給電部の少なくとも一部と平行に形成されている。
図1等に示す無線機100は、車両のユーザによって携帯される通信装置(以降、携帯端末)と所定の通信方式で無線通信を実施可能に構成されている。携帯端末としては、スマートフォンやウェアラブルデバイス等の汎用的な情報処理端末の他、車両の電子キーであるスマートキーなどが挙げられる。無線機100は、車両に搭載されているスマートECUと接続されて使用される。ECUは、Electronic Control Unitの略であって電子制御装置を意味する。携帯端末が対象装置に相当する。
図1は、無線機100の概略的な構成の一例を示す図である。無線機100は、図1に示すように、ロアケース1、アッパーケース2、回路基板3、第1アンテナ4a、及び、第2アンテナ4bを備える。第1アンテナ4aと第2アンテナ4bは、略同一の構成を備える。本開示では、第1アンテナ4aと第2アンテナ4bとを区別しない場合には、それらをアンテナ4とも称する。各アンテナ4は、後述するように逆F型の放射素子7を備える。
ここでは第1アンテナ4a及び第2アンテナ4bの構成について説明する。以降における「λ」は、対象周波数の電波の波長(以降、対象波長とも記載)を表す。例えば「λ/2」及び「0.5λ」は対象波長の半分の長さを指し、「λ/4」及び「0.25λ」は対象波長の4分の1の長さを指す。なお、真空中及び空気中における2.4GHzの電波の波長(つまりλ)は125mmである。無線機100を構成する部材の寸法の例示において、λを用いた表現は、電気的な長さと解する事ができる。ここでの電気的な長さとは、フリンジング電界や、誘電体による波長短縮効果などを考慮した、実効的な長さである。電気的な長さは実効長と呼ばれることもある。もちろん、波長の短縮効果等を受けない部分については、λは真空中あるいは空気中の長さと解することができる。
ここでは、上記実施形態のアンテナ構造(以降、提案構成)の効果について、第1、第2比較構成を用いて説明する。図8は提案構成を模式的に示したものである。図9は、第1比較構成を示した図である。第1比較構成は逆Fアンテナにおいて、被給電部に直接給電する構成である。第2比較構成は、図10に示すように第1比較構成の本体部の一部をミアンダ状に形成した構成を指す。
信号処理部6xは、携帯端末と測距用信号を送受信することで、通信相手(携帯端末)との距離を間接的に示す距離対応値を取得する機能を備える。ここでの距離対応値とは、携帯端末から送信された信号が無線機100で受信されるまでの信号の飛行時間を示すパラメータである。距離対応値は、受信強度とは異なるパラメータである。
上記信号処理部6xは、2つのアンテナのそれぞれを用いて観測された、2つの測距値のうち、相対的に小さい方の値を測距値として採用する。換言すれば、アンテナごとの測距値のうち、相対的に大きい方は破棄する。当該構成によれば、マルチパスの影響を受けた距離情報をデバイス位置の判定に使用する恐れを低減できる。ひいては、デバイス位置の判定精度を高めることができる。
図2等に示した第1アンテナ4a、第2アンテナ4bの構造や位置関係は一例であり、適宜変更可能である。第1アンテナ4aは、図13に示すように図2に例示する姿勢を、X軸を対称軸として反転した姿勢で形成されていても良い。また、図14に示すように第1アンテナ4aと第2アンテナ4bは、互いの本体部71が略同一直線状に並ぶように配置されていても良い。アイソレーション確保のため、第1アンテナ4aと第2アンテナ4bとの離隔(D3)は、λ/8以上に設定されていることが好ましい。
アンテナ4の本体部71は図15に示すように屈曲部711を有していても良い。本開示の1つの特徴的な構成である電磁結合を利用した逆Fアンテナへの間接給電は、本体部71の一部がミアンダ状に形成されている構成にも適用可能である。間接給電とミアンダ形状を組み合わせることにより、アンテナ4をより一層小型化する効果が期待できる。また、給電素子8は必ずしも直線状である必要はなく、屈曲形状を有していても良いし、ループ状に形成されていても良い。図16に示すように給電素子8a、8bはグランド部31につながるループ状に形成されていても良い。
第2アンテナ4bは立体形状を有していてもよい。第2アンテナ4bは、図17に示すように、本体部71bが基板に対して垂直となるように立設された、立体的な逆Fアンテナとして構成されていてもよい。
立体的な第2アンテナ4bの構成例としては、図19に示す構成も採用可能である。図19に示す第2アンテナ4bは、短絡部72bと被給電部73bが回路基板3に対して垂直となり、且つ、本体部71bが回路基板3に対して平行となる姿勢で配置された構成に相当する。給電素子8bは、被給電部73bと所定の間隔をおいて対向する姿勢で、回路基板3に対して立設されている。当該第2アンテナ4bは、支持部34によって支持されうる。なお、第2アンテナ4b単体で十分な強度を確保可能である場合には、支持部34は省略されても良い。支持部34は任意の要素である。なお、短絡部72bは回路基板3に設けられたビア33を用いてグランド部31と電気的に接続されている。
以上では第2アンテナ4bを間接給電型の逆Fアンテナとする構成について述べたが、第2アンテナ4bは、図21、図22に示すようにモノポールアンテナとして構成されていても良いし、逆Lアンテナとして構成されていてもよい。
スイッチ61に相当する機能は通信IC63に内蔵されていても良い。信号処理部6xは、通信IC63において高周波信号を出力させるポート(端子)を切り替えることにより、測距等に使用するアンテナ4を切り替えるように構成されていても良い。
取付対象部がドア側Bピラーなどの車両側面部であって、かつ、第2アンテナ4bを立体アンテナとする構成においては、信号処理部6xは、第2アンテナ4bで観測された受信強度を出力用受信強度として採用するように構成されていても良い。第2アンテナ4bは回路基板3に対して立設されていることから、第2アンテナ4bは、第1アンテナ4aよりも、車両近傍、ドアから1m以内に存在する携帯端末からの信号を受信しやすい。故に、第2アンテナ4bにおける受信強度は、第1アンテナ4aでの受信強度よりも、携帯端末が車室外のドア付近に存在するか否かの判断材料として好適でありうる。そのような事情から、信号処理部6xは、ステップS16として、第1アンテナ4aでの受信強度によらずに、第2アンテナ4bでの受信強度を出力用受信強度として選択するように構成されていてもよい。
信号処理部6xは、図23に示すように受信強度がより強いアンテナ4と、測距値がより小さいアンテナ4とが一致しなかった場合には、測距値の出力を停止するか、または、エラー値を出力するように構成されていても良い。受信強度が大きいアンテナ4と測距値が小さいアンテナ4が一致しなかった場合とは、例えば、第1受信強度が第2受信強度よりも所定値以上大きく、かつ、第2測距値のほうが第1測距値よりも所定値以上小さい場合である。エラー値は、妥当性のある測距結果が得られていないことを示す所定値である。エラー値は、測距エラーコードと呼ぶこともできる。
本開示に記載の信号処理部6xとしての装置、及びその手法は、コンピュータプログラムにより具体化された1つ又は複数の機能を実行するようにプログラムされたプロセッサを構成する専用コンピュータにより、実現されてもよい。また、本開示に記載の装置及びその手法は、専用ハードウェア論理回路を用いて実現されてもよい。さらに、本開示に記載の装置及びその手法は、コンピュータプログラムを実行するプロセッサと一つ以上のハードウェア論理回路との組み合わせにより構成された一つ以上の専用コンピュータにより、実現されてもよい。信号処理部6xが備える機能の一部又は全部はハードウェアとして実現されても良い。或る機能をハードウェアとして実現する態様には、1つ又は複数のICなどを用いて実現する態様が含まれる。プロセッサ(演算コア)としては、CPUや、MPU、GPU、DFP(Data Flow Processor)などを採用可能である。また、信号処理部6xが備える機能の一部又は全部は、複数種類の演算処理装置を組み合わせて実現されていてもよい。信号処理部6xが備える機能の一部又は全部は、FPGA、ASICなどを用いて実現されていても良い。FPGAはField-Programmable Gate Arrayの略である。ASICはApplication Specific Integrated Circuitの略である。コンピュータプログラムは、コンピュータにより実行されるインストラクションとして、コンピュータ読み取り可能な被遷移有形記録媒体(non- transitory tangible storage medium)に記憶されていてもよい。プログラムの保存媒体としては、HDD(Hard-disk Drive)やSSD(Solid State Drive)、フラッシュメモリ等を採用可能である。上述した無線機100の他、複数の無線機100とスマートECUを構成要素とする携帯端末の位置判定システムなど、種々の形態も本開示の範囲に含まれる。また、コンピュータを信号処理部6xとして機能させるための制御プログラム、このプログラムを記録した半導体メモリ等の被遷移的実態的記録媒体等の形態も本開示の範囲に含まれる。
Claims (14)
- 基板(3)と、
所定の周波数帯の電波を送信又は受信するためのアンテナ(4)と、
前記アンテナにとってのグランド電位を提供する導体であるグランド部(31)と、を備えるアンテナモジュールであって、
前記アンテナは、
逆F型に形成された導体である放射素子(7)と、
前記放射素子に電磁界結合で非接触に給電するための導体である給電素子(8)と、を有し、
前記放射素子は、
線状導体である本体部(71)と、
前記本体部の一端を前記グランド部に接続する短絡部(72)と、
一端が前記本体部の途中に接続され、他端が開放端となっている被給電部(73)と、を備え、
前記給電素子は、前記被給電部の少なくとも一部と平行に形成されているアンテナモジュール。 - 請求項1に記載のアンテナモジュールであって、
前記給電素子の幅は、前記被給電部の幅よりも所定量小さく設定されているアンテナモジュール。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のアンテナモジュールであって、
前記本体部は屈曲形状を有するアンテナモジュール。 - 請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のアンテナモジュールであって、
前記給電素子はループ状であるアンテナモジュール。 - 請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載のアンテナモジュールであって、
前記アンテナとして、第1アンテナ(4a)と第2アンテナ(4b)を備え、
前記第1アンテナの本体部は、前記第2アンテナの本体部に対して直角となる方向に沿って形成されているアンテナモジュール。 - 請求項5に記載のアンテナモジュールであって、
前記第1アンテナの前記本体部は、前記基板の表面にパターン形成されており、
前記第2アンテナの前記本体部は、前記基板の表面に対して立設されているアンテナモジュール。 - 請求項5に記載のアンテナモジュールであって、
前記第1アンテナの前記被給電部は、前記基板の表面にパターン形成されており、
前記第2アンテナの前記被給電部は、前記基板の表面に対して立設されているアンテナモジュール。 - 基板(3)と、
所定の周波数帯の電波を送受信するための第1アンテナ(4a)と、
前記周波数帯の電波を送受信するための第2アンテナ(4b)と、
前記第1、第2アンテナにとってのグランド電位を提供する導体であるグランド部(31)と、
前記第1、第2アンテナのそれぞれを用いて対象装置と測距用信号を送受信する信号処理部(6x)と、を備える無線通信装置であって、
前記第1、第2アンテナは何れも、
逆F型に形成された導体である放射素子(7a、7b)と、
前記放射素子に電磁界結合で非接触に給電するための導体である給電素子(8a、8b)と、を有し、
前記放射素子は、
線状導体である本体部(71a、71b)と、
前記本体部の一端を前記グランド部に接続する短絡部(72a、72b)と、
一端が前記本体部の途中に接続され、他端が開放端となっている、被給電部(73a、73b)と、を備え、
前記給電素子は、前記被給電部の一部と対向するように形成されており、
前記信号処理部は、
前記第1アンテナを用いて前記対象装置と測距用信号を送受信することにより、前記対象装置までの距離を示すパラメータである測距値としての第1測距値を生成することと、
前記第2アンテナを用いて前記対象装置と測距用信号を送受信することで、前記測距値としての第2測距値を生成することと、
前記第1測距値と前記第2測距値のうちの小さい方を前記対象装置との距離情報として、前記対象装置の位置を判定する装置に向けて出力することと、を実施可能に構成されている無線通信装置。 - 請求項8に記載の無線通信装置であって、
前記第2アンテナは、前記第2アンテナの前記本体部が、前記第1アンテナの前記本体部に対して垂直となる姿勢で設けられている無線通信装置。 - 請求項8又は9に記載の無線通信装置であって、
前記第2アンテナは、その本体部または被給電部が前記基板の表面に対して立設されている無線通信装置。 - 請求項8から10の何れか1項に記載の無線通信装置であって、
前記信号処理部は、
前記第1アンテナで受信した前記対象装置からの信号の受信強度である第1受信強度を取得することと、
前記第2アンテナで受信した前記対象装置からの信号の受信強度である第2受信強度を取得することと、
前記第1受信強度と前記第2受信強度のうちの大きい方を、前記装置に向けて出力することと、を実施可能に構成されている無線通信装置。 - 請求項8から10の何れか1項に記載の無線通信装置であって、
前記第2アンテナの前記本体部又は前記被給電部は、前記基板の表面に対して立設されており、
前記信号処理部は、
前記第2アンテナで受信した前記対象装置からの信号の受信強度である第2受信強度を取得することと、
前記第2受信強度を、前記装置に向けて出力することと、を実施可能に構成されている無線通信装置。 - 請求項8から10の何れか1項に記載の無線通信装置であって、
前記信号処理部は、
前記第1アンテナで受信した前記対象装置からの信号の受信強度を取得することと、
前記第2アンテナで受信した前記対象装置からの信号の受信強度を取得することと、
前記第1アンテナと前記第2アンテナのうち、より小さい前記測距値が得られている方のアンテナで観測された前記受信強度を前記装置に向けて出力することと、を実施可能に構成されている無線通信装置。 - 請求項8から10の何れか1項に記載の無線通信装置であって、
前記第1アンテナと前記第2アンテナのうち、より小さい前記測距値が得られているアンテナと、より大きい受信強度が得られているアンテナとが一致しなかった場合には、前記装置に向けて前記距離情報を出力することを停止するか、所定のエラー値を出力するように構成されている無線通信装置。
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| CN202380015168.7A CN118402137A (zh) | 2022-01-18 | 2023-01-16 | 天线模块、无线通信装置 |
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| CN117008177B (zh) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-12 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | 基于一体化平台的海底控制点三维坐标标定方法 |
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