WO2023141879A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023141879A1
WO2023141879A1 PCT/CN2022/074309 CN2022074309W WO2023141879A1 WO 2023141879 A1 WO2023141879 A1 WO 2023141879A1 CN 2022074309 W CN2022074309 W CN 2022074309W WO 2023141879 A1 WO2023141879 A1 WO 2023141879A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
wall
current collecting
collecting member
battery cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/074309
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谷慧
朱琳琳
朱广浩
刘超
余文杰
迟庆魁
金海族
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22922725.1A priority Critical patent/EP4391197A4/en
Priority to CN202280034115.5A priority patent/CN117321848B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/074309 priority patent/WO2023141879A1/zh
Publication of WO2023141879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023141879A1/zh
Priority to US18/608,743 priority patent/US12261329B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, in particular, to a battery cell, a manufacturing method and equipment thereof, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • this application proposes a battery cell and its manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment, battery and electrical device.
  • the electrolyte can infiltrate the electrode assembly faster and more fully, which not only improves the liquid injection efficiency of the battery cell, but also The electric capacity and safety performance of the battery cell are improved.
  • a plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals around the central hole, and can evenly abut against between the first current collecting member and the first wall around the central hole.
  • a plurality of second holes are arranged at intervals around the central hole, which can guide the electrolyte to spread evenly around the central hole, so as to fully enter the first tab, so that the electrolyte can fully and quickly infiltrate the electrode assembly.
  • the first current collecting member is arranged in a staggered manner between the part where the second hole is opened and the part corresponding to the protrusion, that is, it can guide the electrolyte to enter the second hole smoothly without reducing the strength of the part corresponding to the protrusion , a gap is reliably formed between the first current collecting member and the first wall.
  • the central part includes a top wall and a side wall, the side wall surrounds the top wall, the side wall connects the peripheral part and the top wall, the The first hole is arranged on the side wall and communicates with the gap, and the outer peripheral surface of the side wall is connected with the hole wall of the third hole.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the central portion to the diameter of the first current collecting member is greater than or equal to 0.3.
  • the housing further includes a second wall opposite to the first wall, a second tab is provided on a side of the electrode assembly facing the second wall, and the battery
  • the monomer further includes: an electrode terminal, insulated on the second wall, and electrically connected to the second tab.
  • the second tab is connected to the electrode terminal through the second current collecting member, which can simplify the structure of the electrode terminal and simplify the assembly process for electrically connecting the second tab to the electrode terminal.
  • the liquid injection hole is integrated in the electrode terminal, which can simplify the structure of the shell, and the liquid injection hole and the gap are located on both sides of the axial direction of the center hole, and the electrolyte can pass through the center hole after entering the center hole.
  • the central hole diffuses to the electrode assembly, and then enters the electrode assembly through the gap, which improves the infiltration efficiency of the electrolyte.
  • the sealing member is used to close the liquid injection hole, which can ensure the sealing performance of the battery cell and improve the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover, the housing has an opening, and the end cover is used to close the opening, wherein the first wall is the end cover.
  • the embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present application proposes a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including:
  • a housing and electrode terminals are provided, the electrode terminals are insulated and mounted on the housing, the housing has an opening, and the electrode terminals are provided with a liquid injection hole;
  • An electrode assembly is provided, the electrode assembly has a central hole, and one end of the electrode assembly is provided with a first tab;
  • the electrode assembly Connect the first current collecting member to the first tab, put the electrode assembly into the case, cover the opening with the end cover, and place the first current collecting member on the Between the end cap and the electrode assembly, wherein the end cap has a first surface facing the first current collecting member, and the first current collecting member has a second surface facing the end cap, so One of the first surface and the second surface is provided with a protrusion, and the other abuts against the protrusion to form a gap between the end cap and the first current collecting member, so The first hole is disposed opposite to the central hole, the second hole is disposed opposite to the first tab, and the first hole is configured to communicate with the second hole through the gap;
  • Electrolyte is injected into the casing through the liquid injection hole, the electrolyte enters the center hole, enters the gap through the first hole, and then enters the electrode assembly through the gap.
  • the first providing device is used to provide a casing and an electrode terminal, the electrode terminal is insulated and mounted on the casing, the casing has an opening, and the electrode terminal is provided with a liquid injection hole;
  • the third providing device is used to provide an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly has a central hole, and one end of the electrode assembly is provided with a first tab;
  • a fourth providing means for providing a first current collecting member the first current collecting member is provided with a first hole and a second hole;
  • the first assembly module is used to connect the first current collecting member to the first tab, put the electrode assembly into the casing, cover the end cap on the opening, and make the The first current collecting member is located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, wherein the end cap has a first surface facing the first current collecting member, and the first current collecting member has a first surface facing the end cap.
  • On the second surface of the cover one of the first surface and the second surface is provided with a protrusion, and the other abuts against the protrusion, so as to connect the end cover and the first current collector
  • a gap is formed between the components, the first hole is arranged opposite to the central hole, the second hole is arranged opposite to the first tab, and the first hole is configured to pass through the gap and the second hole.
  • the second assembly module is used to inject electrolyte solution into the inside of the housing through the liquid injection hole, the electrolyte solution enters the central hole, enters the gap through the first hole, and then passes through the A gap enters the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 1 shows is a simple schematic diagram of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the battery of the vehicle in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in Figure 3;
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of protrusions disposed on the first surface
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural view of protrusions disposed on the second surface
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural view of a form of a first current collecting member of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural view of yet another form of the first current collecting member in the battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 shows a state diagram of the cooperation between the first current collecting member in Fig. 9 and the first wall in Fig. 10;
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural view of the first wall paired with the first current collecting member in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 13 shows a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 14 shows a schematic structural view of the manufacturing equipment of the battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-battery unit; 11-housing; 111-first wall; 1111-first surface; 1112-third hole; 112-second wall; 113-third wall; 12-electrode assembly; 121-main body; 122-first tab; 123-second tab; 124-central hole; 1241-first end; 1242-second end; 13-electrode terminal; 131-injection hole ; 132-insulating ring; 14-first current collecting member; 141-second surface; 142-first hole; A part; 14422-second part; 145-surrounding part; 15-second collecting member; 16-pressure relief part; 17-seal; 18-protrusion; 19-gap; Box; 22-second box; 200-controller; 300-motor; 2000-battery unit manufacturing equipment; 2100-first providing device; 2200-second providing device; 2300-third providing device; 2400 - fourth providing means; 2500 - first assembly module; 2600
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a Detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and can be internal communication of two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a Detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and can be internal communication of two components.
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell when the battery cell is injected with liquid, it is difficult for the electrolyte to diffuse after entering the casing, not only the liquid injection time is longer, but the liquid injection efficiency is low, and the electrolyte cannot fully infiltrate the electrode assembly, resulting in the electrolyte infiltration of the electrode assembly. Poor, the battery cell is prone to lithium precipitation during the charging and discharging process, lithium crystallization will pierce the diaphragm and cause the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to be short-circuited, resulting in an internal short circuit of the electrode assembly, reducing the capacity and safety performance of the battery cell .
  • the inventors have found through research that the internal structure of the battery cell is usually relatively compact, and the close contact between the electrode assembly and the current collecting member, between the current collecting member and the casing, and between the electrode assembly and the casing can reduce the volume of the battery cell , to increase the energy density of the battery cell. Since there is no gap in the existing battery cell that can guide the rapid diffusion of the electrolyte, the electrolyte diffuses through the gap between the two parts that are in close contact after entering the interior of the casing, and the diffusion speed of the electrolyte is slow and uneven , leading to low liquid injection efficiency of the battery cell and poor wetting effect of the electrode assembly.
  • this application proposes a new technical solution, the electrolyte can infiltrate the electrode assembly faster and more fully, thereby not only improving the liquid injection efficiency of the battery cell, but also allowing the electrolyte to infiltrate the electrode assembly more fully, The electric capacity and safety performance of the battery cell are improved.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application can directly supply power to electric devices, and can also be connected in parallel or in series to form batteries to supply power to various electric devices in the form of batteries.
  • the electric devices that use battery cells, battery modules or batteries described in the embodiments of the present application can be in various forms, for example, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric cars, ships, Spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric Ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, Concrete vibrator and planer.
  • the battery cells and batteries described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above-described electric devices, but can also be applied to all electric devices using battery cells and batteries. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments All electric vehicles are taken as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery of the vehicle in FIG. 1 .
  • a battery 100 , a controller 200 and a motor 300 are disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the power supply of the battery 100 to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 mentioned in the embodiment of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells 10 to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form the battery 100 directly.
  • the mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 may also be connected in series, parallel or mixed first to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 10 and a case 20 , and the plurality of battery cells 10 are placed in the case 20 .
  • the box body 20 includes a first box body 21 and a second box body 22.
  • the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are closed to form a battery chamber, and a plurality of battery cells 10 are placed in the battery chamber.
  • the shapes of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 may be determined according to the combined shape of a plurality of battery cells 10 , and each of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 may have an opening.
  • both the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 can be hollow cuboids and only one face is an opening face, the openings of the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are arranged oppositely, and the first box body 21 and the second box body 22 are arranged oppositely.
  • the second boxes 22 are interlocked to form the box 20 with a closed chamber.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are connected in parallel or connected in series or mixed and placed in the box 20 formed by fastening the first box 21 and the second box 22 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery cell in FIG. 3 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a case 11 , an electrode assembly 12 , an electrode terminal 13 , a first current collecting member 14 , a second current collecting member 15 , a pressure relief portion 16 and a seal 17 .
  • the housing 11 includes a first wall 111 , a second wall 112 and a third wall 113 , the first wall 111 and the third wall 113 are oppositely arranged, and the second wall 112 connects the first wall 111 and the third wall 113 .
  • the first wall 111 is an end cover
  • the second wall 112 and the third wall 113 are integrally formed into a casing
  • the third wall 113 is a bottom wall of the casing.
  • the housing is a cylinder
  • the axial direction of the housing extends along the first axis P
  • the radial direction extends along the first direction R
  • the first axis P and the first direction R are perpendicular to each other
  • the end cover It is a circular plate structure
  • the first wall 111 and the second wall 112 are disposed on opposite sides of the first axis P, respectively.
  • the housing can also be in a square shape, and the end cover can be in a square or rectangular plate-like structure.
  • the electrode assembly 12 is disposed in the casing 11 , and the electrode assembly 12 includes a main body 121 , a first tab 122 and a second tab 123 .
  • the main body 121 includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator, and the separator is located between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece to separate the positive electrode piece from the negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 12 is formed by winding, the central hole 124 is the winding center of the electrode assembly 12 , and the central hole 124 penetrates the main body 121 along the first axis P.
  • one end of the central hole 124 is disposed corresponding to the first wall 111 , and the other end is disposed corresponding to the second wall 112 .
  • the first tab 122 and the second tab 123 are respectively located on two sides of the main body 121 .
  • the first tab 122 is disposed corresponding to the first current collecting member 14
  • the second tab 123 is disposed corresponding to the second current collecting member 15 .
  • the first tab 122 and the second tab 123 the first tab 122 is a negative tab
  • the second tab 123 is a positive tab.
  • the material of the current collecting member corresponding to the first tab 122 is copper
  • the material of the current collecting member corresponding to the second tab 123 is aluminum.
  • the first current collecting member 14 is disposed between the first wall 111 and the first tab 122 , and the first tab 122 and the first wall 111 are electrically connected through the first current collecting member 14 .
  • the electrode terminal 13 is insulated from the second wall 112 through the insulating ring 132, the second current collecting member 15 is disposed between the second wall 112 and the second tab 123, and the second tab 123 and the electrode terminal 13 pass through the second current collecting Component 15 realizes the electrical connection.
  • Both the thickness direction of the first current collecting member 14 and the second current collecting member 15 extend along the first axis P, and the size and shape of the first current collecting member 14 can match the electrode assembly 12, or can match the size and shape of the electrode assembly 12. The shapes do not match.
  • the size and shape of the second current collecting member 15 may or may not match the size and shape of the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the pressure relief part 16 is disposed on the first wall 111, that is, the pressure relief part 16 and the electrode terminal 13 are respectively disposed on both sides of the housing 11 along the first axis P, so as to make reasonable use of the housing 11. surface space.
  • the battery cell 10 is also provided with a liquid injection hole 131 , which is used for pouring electrolyte solution into the casing 11 , and the seal 17 is used for closing the liquid injection hole 131 after the liquid injection is completed.
  • the liquid injection hole 131 can be sealed by a riveting process, and the sealing member 17 is formed after the riveting; the sealing member 17 can also be an elastic member made of rubber, silica gel, etc., and the elastic member is inserted into the liquid injection hole 131 to close the liquid injection hole 131.
  • the liquid injection hole 131 is arranged on the electrode terminal 13, and the liquid injection hole 131 is arranged opposite to the central hole 124. The other end diffuses to the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the liquid injection hole 131 may also be disposed on the second wall 112 or the first wall 111 .
  • Fig. 5 shows a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of protrusions disposed on the first surface;
  • Fig. 7 shows a structural schematic view of protrusions disposed on the second surface;
  • some embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell 10 , including a casing 11 , an electrode assembly 12 and a first current collecting member 14 .
  • the casing 11 has a first wall 111
  • the electrode assembly 12 is arranged inside the casing 11
  • the electrode assembly 12 has a central hole 124
  • the side of the electrode assembly 12 facing the first wall 111 is provided with a first tab 122
  • a first current collector The member 14 is disposed between the first wall 111 and the electrode assembly 12 and used for connecting the first tab 122 and the first wall 111 .
  • the first wall 111 has a first surface 1111 facing the first current collecting member 14, the first collecting member 14 has a second surface 141 facing the first wall 111, one of the first surface 1111 and the second surface 141 One is provided with a protrusion 18, and the other abuts against the protrusion 18 to form a gap 19 between the first wall 111 and the first collecting member 14; the first collecting member 14 is provided with a first hole 142 and a second Two holes 143 , the first hole 142 is disposed opposite to the central hole 124 , the second hole 143 is disposed opposite to the first tab 122 , and the first hole 142 is configured to communicate with the second hole 143 through the gap 19 .
  • the protrusion 18 may be disposed on the first surface 1111, and the top surface of the protrusion 18 abuts against the second surface 141, so that the first wall 111 and the first set A gap 19 is formed between the flow members 14; as shown in FIG. 7, in other embodiments of the present application, the protrusion 18 may also be provided on the second surface 141, and the top surface of the protrusion 18 abuts against the first surface 1111 , to form a gap 19 between the first wall 111 and the first current collecting member 14 .
  • the number of protrusions 18 may be one, and one protrusion 18 abuts between the first surface 1111 and the second surface 141 to form a gap 19 between the first wall 111 and the first current collecting member 14; the protrusion 18
  • the number can also be multiple, the heights of the plurality of protrusions 18 (that is, the size in the direction of the first axis P) are the same, and the plurality of protrusions 18 are jointly abutted between the first surface 1111 and the second surface 141 , to form a gap 19 between the first wall 111 and the first current collecting member 14 .
  • the plurality of protrusions 18 may be all disposed on the first surface 1111 or the second surface 141, or part of the protrusions may be disposed on both the first surface 1111 and the second surface 141. 18.
  • the shape of the protrusions 18 can be triangular, circular, arc, etc.; the arrangement of the protrusions 18 can be a circular array, a square array, a triangular array and so on.
  • the arrangement of the first hole 142 opposite to the central hole 124 means that the electrolyte can enter the first hole 142 from the first end 1241 of the central hole 124 .
  • the axial direction of the first hole 142 can be coincident or nearly coincident with the central hole 124, and the electrolyte hardly changes the flow direction when entering the first hole 142 from the first end 1241 of the central hole 124; the axial direction of the first hole 142 can also be coincident with
  • the central hole 124 is vertical or nearly vertical, and the flow direction of the electrolyte changes obviously when entering the first hole 142 from the first end 1241 of the central hole 124 .
  • One first hole 142 may be provided, and the electrolyte in the central hole 124 all enters the gap 19 from one first hole 142; there may also be multiple first holes 142, and the plurality of first holes 142 are spaced apart around the first axis P The electrolyte solution in the central hole 124 enters the plurality of first holes 142 at the same time, and then diffuses along the first direction R.
  • Setting the second hole 143 opposite to the first tab 122 means that, on a plane perpendicular to the first axis P, the second hole 143 falls within the projected range of the first tab 122 , and the electrolyte flows from the second hole 143 can enter the first tab 122 after flowing out, and then enter the electrode assembly 12 .
  • One second hole 143 can be provided, and the electrolyte in the gap 19 all enters the first tab 122 from one second hole 143; multiple second holes 143 can also be provided, and the plurality of second holes 143 surround the first axis P is arranged at intervals, and the electrolyte solution in the gap 19 enters multiple second holes 143 at the same time, so as to infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 uniformly and quickly.
  • a tab 122 can fully and rapidly infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 , which not only improves the liquid injection efficiency of the battery cell 10 , but also improves the capacity and safety performance of the battery cell 10 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic structural view of a form of a first current collecting member of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • a plurality of protrusions 18 are arranged at intervals around the first axis P. As shown in FIG. The plurality of protrusions 18 may all be located on the same circumference around the first axis P; for example, as shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of protrusions 18 can also be arranged in a plurality of annular arrays along the first direction R, for example, eight protrusions 18 are provided, among which four protrusions 18 are arranged in an annular array around the first axis P, and the other four protrusions 18 are arranged in an annular array around the first axis P.
  • the protrusions 18 are arranged on the outer rings of the four protrusions 18 and are also arranged in an annular array.
  • a plurality of protrusions 18 are arranged at intervals around the central hole 124 and can evenly abut against between the first current collecting member 14 and the first wall 111 around the central hole 124 .
  • multiple second holes 143 are provided, and the multiple second holes 143 are arranged at intervals around the central hole 124 .
  • the shape of the second hole 143 may be a triangle, a circle, an arc and the like.
  • a plurality of second holes 143 are arranged at intervals around the first axis P. As shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of second holes 143 may all be located on the same circumference around the first axis P; for example, as shown in FIG. .
  • a plurality of second holes 143 can also be arranged in a plurality of circular arrays along the first direction R, for example, eight second holes 143 are provided, and four second holes 143 are arranged in a circular array around the first axis P.
  • the four second holes 143 are disposed on the outer circumference of the four second holes 143 and are also arranged in an annular array.
  • a plurality of second holes 143 are arranged at intervals around the central hole 124 , which can guide the electrolyte to spread uniformly around the central hole 124 to fully enter the first tab 122 , so that the electrolyte can fully and rapidly infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the projection of the protrusion 18 on the first current collecting member 14 does not overlap with the second hole 143 .
  • the protrusion 18 and the second hole 143 may be arranged at intervals along the first direction R, and the protrusion 18 and the second hole 143 may also be arranged at intervals around the first axis P.
  • the number of protrusions 18 and the second holes 143 are the same and correspond one by one, and each protrusion 18 is located outside the corresponding second hole 143, that is, along the to the side away from the first axis P in the first direction R.
  • the first current collecting member 14 is arranged in a staggered manner between the position where the second hole 143 is opened and the position corresponding to the protrusion 18, that is, it can guide the electrolyte to enter the second hole 143 smoothly without reducing the contact with the protrusion 18.
  • the strength of the corresponding portion reliably forms the gap 19 between the first current collecting member 14 and the first wall 111 .
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural view of another form of the first current collecting member in a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural view of the first wall paired with that in Fig. 9
  • FIG. 11 shows a state view of the cooperation between the first current collecting member in FIG. 9 and the first wall in FIG. 10 .
  • the first wall 111 is provided with a third hole 1112
  • the first current collecting member 14 includes a central portion 144 and a peripheral portion 145, and the peripheral portion 145 Set around the central part 144 , the central part 144 protrudes from the peripheral part 145 toward the direction away from the electrode assembly 12 , at least a part of the central part 144 is inserted into the third hole 1112 , and the central part 144 is connected to the hole wall of the third hole 1112 .
  • the shape of the third hole 1112 may be triangular, square, circular, oval, etc., and the portion of the central portion 144 inserted into the third hole 1112 matches the shape of the third hole 1112 .
  • the central portion 144 is cylindrical, and the third hole 1112 is a circular hole.
  • the central part 144 and the wall of the third hole 1112 can be welded to ensure the sealing performance of the battery cell 10 and also ensure the flow capacity of the first current collecting member 14 and the first wall 111 .
  • Both the second hole 143 and the protrusion 18 are disposed on the surrounding portion 145 , and the surrounding portion 145 is used for connecting with the first tab 122 .
  • the axial direction of the third hole 1112 can be set coincident with the first axis P, that is, the central hole 124 is set concentrically with the first hole 142, so that the center of gravity of the battery cell 10 is located on the first axis P, which is conducive to the stable placement of the battery cell 10
  • the direction of the axis of the third hole 1112 can also deviate from the first axis P to make reasonable use of the space inside the battery cell 10 .
  • At least a part of the central part 144 is connected to the hole wall of the third hole 1112 , and the first current collecting member 14 can be electrically connected to the first wall 111 through cooperation of the central part 144 and the third hole 1112 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the side wall 1442 refers to the outer peripheral surface of the central portion 144 around the first axis P. As shown in FIG.
  • the diameters of the first part 14421 and the second part 14422 can be the same, and the length of the second part 14422 along the first axis P is limited by the height of the protrusion 18; the diameter of the first part 14421 can also be greater than the diameter of the second part 14422, A step is formed at the junction of the first part 14421 and the second part 14422 to limit the length of the second part 14422 along the first axis P.
  • the first hole 142 is arranged on the side wall 1442 of the central part 144, and the electrolyte in the central hole 124 enters the gap 19 along the radial direction of the central hole 124 through the first hole 142, so as to fully and rapidly infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the ratio of the diameter of the central portion 144 to the diameter of the first current collecting member 14 is greater than or equal to 0.3.
  • the central part 144 is cylindrical, the first current collecting member 14 is disc-shaped, the central axis of the central part 144 coincides with or is parallel to the first axis P, and the first current collecting member 14 The central axis coincides with the central portion 144 and is arranged.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the central part 144 to the diameter of the first current collecting member 14 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.3, which can have better flow capacity when the central part 144 is attached to the hole wall of the third hole 1112, Reliable electrical connection between the first current collecting member 14 and the first wall 111 is realized.
  • the central part 144 may also be a cube, a cuboid, an elliptical cylinder, and the like.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural view of the first wall paired with the first current collecting member in FIG. 8 .
  • the first current collecting member 14 may also be a flat plate structure, and the first current collecting member 14 and the first wall 111 abut against the first wall 111 to realize electrical connection ( as shown in Figure 5).
  • the ratio of the area of the top surface of the protrusion 18 that is, the contact area with the first surface 1111 or the second surface 141 to the area of the first current collecting member 14 (that is, the projected area on a plane perpendicular to the first axis P) Greater than 0.05.
  • the housing 11 further includes a second wall 112 opposite to the first wall 111 , and the side of the electrode assembly 12 facing the second wall 112 is provided with a second wall 112 .
  • the pole tab 123 the battery cell 10 also includes the electrode terminal 13 , is insulated from the second wall 112 and is electrically connected to the second pole tab 123 .
  • the second wall 112 is the bottom wall of the casing.
  • the second wall 112 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole, the electrode lead-out hole of the electrode terminal 13 , and the outer peripheral surface of the electrode terminal 13 and the hole wall of the electrode lead-out hole are insulated and isolated by an insulating ring 132 .
  • the electrode terminal 13 is insulated from the second wall 112 , the electrode terminal 13 and the first wall 111 are respectively located on opposite sides of the casing 11 , and the battery cell 10 is electrically connected to the outside through the electrode terminal 13 .
  • the battery cell 10 further includes a second current collecting member 15 disposed between the electrode assembly 12 and the second wall 112 and used to connect the second pole ear 123 and electrode terminal 13.
  • the second tab 123 is connected to the electrode terminal 13 through the second current collecting member 15 , which can simplify the structure of the electrode terminal 13 and simplify the assembly process for electrically connecting the second tab 123 to the electrode terminal 13 .
  • the electrode terminal 13 is provided with a liquid injection hole 131 , and the liquid injection hole 131 is disposed opposite to the central hole 124 .
  • the liquid injection hole 131 is opposite to the second end 1242 of the central hole 124, and the electrolyte can enter the interior of the battery cell 10 from the liquid injection hole 131, and then enter the central hole from the second end 1242 of the second hole 143. 124.
  • the liquid injection hole 131 is integrally arranged on the electrode terminal 13, which can simplify the structure of the casing 11, and the liquid injection hole 131 and the gap 19 are respectively located on both sides of the central hole 124 in the axial direction, and the electrolyte is supplied from the liquid injection hole 131. After entering the central hole 124, it can first diffuse to the electrode assembly 12 through the central hole 124, and then enter the electrode assembly 12 through the gap 19, which improves the infiltration efficiency of the electrolyte.
  • the battery cell 10 further includes a sealing member 17 for sealing the liquid injection hole 131 .
  • the sealing member 17 is used to close the liquid injection hole 131 , which can ensure the sealing performance of the battery cell 10 and improve the safety performance of the battery cell 10 .
  • the battery cell 10 further includes a pressure relief portion 16 disposed on the first wall 111 , and the pressure relief portion 16 is configured as a pressure relief portion inside the battery cell 10 .
  • the temperature or pressure reaches a threshold, it is activated to release the pressure inside the battery cell 10 .
  • the pressure relief part 16 may be a burst disc, and may be formed by setting a weak area on the first wall 111 .
  • a recess is provided on the first surface 1111 of the first wall 111 , and the recess is in the shape of a ring around the first axis P. As shown in FIG.
  • the pressure relief portion 16 is disposed on the first wall 111 to improve the safety performance of the battery cell 10 .
  • Some embodiments of the present application propose a battery 100 including a battery cell 10 .
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including a battery 100 .
  • some embodiments of the present application propose a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including:
  • S400 providing a first current collecting member 14, the first current collecting member 14 is provided with a first hole 142 and a second hole 143;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a manufacturing device for a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000 including:
  • the first providing device 2100 is used to provide the casing and the electrode terminal 13, the electrode terminal 13 is insulated and mounted on the casing, the casing has an opening, and the electrode terminal 13 is provided with a liquid injection hole 131;
  • the second providing device 2200 is used to provide the end cap
  • the first assembly module 2500 is used to connect the first current collecting member 14 with the first tab 122, put the electrode assembly 12 into the casing, cover the end cover on the opening, and make the first current collecting member 14 between the end cover and Between the electrode assembly 12, wherein the end cap has a first surface 1111 facing the first current collecting member 14, the first current collecting member 14 has a second surface 141 facing the end cap, the first surface 1111 and the second surface 141 One of them is provided with a protrusion 18, and the other abuts against the protrusion 18 to form a gap 19 between the end cover and the first collector member 14, the first hole 142 is opposite to the center hole 124, and the second hole 143 is disposed opposite to the first tab 122, and the first hole 142 is configured to communicate with the second hole 143 through the gap 19;
  • the second assembly module 2600 is used to inject electrolyte into the casing through the liquid injection hole 131 , the electrolyte enters the central hole 124 , enters the gap 19 through the first hole 142 , and then enters the electrode assembly 12 through the gap 19 .
  • some embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell 10, including a casing 11, an electrode assembly 12, an electrode terminal 13, a first current collecting member 14, a second current collecting member 15, a drain The pressure part 16 , the seal 17 and the insulating ring 132 .
  • the first current collecting member 14 is a negative electrode current collecting plate
  • the second current collecting member 15 is a positive electrode current collecting plate.
  • the casing 11 includes a shell and an end cover, the end cover is a first wall 111, the bottom wall of the shell is a second wall 112, the first wall 111 and the second wall 112 are arranged opposite to each other along the first axis P, and the electrode terminals 13 pass through
  • the insulating ring 132 is disposed on the second wall 112 .
  • the electrode assembly 12 has a central hole 124 extending along the first axis P. Along the first axis P, the two ends of the electrode assembly 12 are respectively provided with a first tab 122 and a second tab 123. The first tab 122 passes through the first tab.
  • the first wall 111 has a first surface 1111 facing the first current collecting member 14, the first current collecting member 14 has a second surface 141 facing the first wall 111, and one of the first surface 1111 and the second surface 141 is provided There is a protrusion 18, and the other abuts against the protrusion 18 to form a gap 19 between the first wall 111 and the first collecting member 14; the first collecting member 14 is provided with a first hole 142 and a second hole 143 , the first hole 142 is disposed opposite to the central hole 124 , the second hole 143 is disposed opposite to the first tab 122 , and the first hole 142 is configured to communicate with the second hole 143 through the gap 19 .
  • the protrusion 18 is disposed on the first surface 1111 of the first wall 111; as shown in FIG. 7, in other embodiments of the present application, the protrusion 18 is disposed on on the second surface 141 of the first current collecting member 14 .
  • the first current collecting member 14 has a flat plate structure, the first hole 142 is arranged at the center of the first current collecting member 14 , and the axis of the first hole 142 Parallel to or coincident with the first axis P.
  • the first current collecting member 14 abuts against the first wall 111 through the top surface of the protrusion 18 , not only forming the gap 19 , but also realizing the electrical connection between the two.
  • the ratio of the area of the top surface of the protrusion 18 (that is, the contact area with the first surface 1111 or the second surface 141 to the area of the first current collecting member 14 (that is, the projected area on a plane perpendicular to the first axis P) greater than 0.05 to ensure the flow capacity of the first current collecting member 14 and the first wall 111 .
  • the electrolyte enters the first end 1241 of the central hole 124 from the liquid injection hole 131, enters the first hole 142 from the second end 1242 of the central hole 124 almost without changing the flow direction, and enters the gap 19 from the first hole 142. , and then enter the first tab 122 from the second hole 143 to fully and rapidly infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the first wall 111 is provided with a third hole 1112
  • the first collecting member 14 includes a central part 144 and a peripheral part 145
  • the peripheral part 145 is disposed around the central portion 144
  • the central portion 144 protrudes from the peripheral portion 145 in a direction away from the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the central part 144 includes a top wall 1441 and a side wall 1442, the side wall 1442 is surrounded by the top wall 1441, the side wall 1442 connects the peripheral part 145 and the top wall 1441, at least a part of the central part 144 is inserted into the third hole 1112, and passes through The peripheral seam welding process welds the outer peripheral surface of the side wall 1442 to the hole wall of the third hole 1112 . Under the abutting action of the protrusion 18 , a part of the side wall 1442 is exposed in the gap 19 , and the first hole 142 is defined in this part.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the central portion 144 to the diameter of the first current collecting member 14 is greater than or equal to 0.3, so as to ensure the flow capacity of the first current collecting member 14 and the first wall 111 .
  • the electrolyte enters the first end 1241 of the central hole 124 from the liquid injection hole 131, enters the first hole 142 from the second end 1242 of the central hole 124, and enters the gap 19 from the first hole 142, and the flow direction is by along
  • the first axis P is changed along the first direction R, and then enters the first tab 122 from the second hole 143 to fully and quickly infiltrate the electrode assembly 12 .
  • the first hole 142 and the second hole 143 are formed on the first current collecting member 14, the protrusion 18 is formed on the first current collecting member 14 or the first wall 111, and the The riser 18 forms a gap 19 to provide a channel for the diffusion of the electrolyte, which can effectively improve the problem of poor electrolyte infiltration in the existing design.
  • This improvement method only needs to make a simple improvement on the existing first current collecting member 14 or the first wall 111, which is low in cost, easy to implement, and can significantly improve the wetting effect of the electrode assembly 12, not only improving the battery cell 10
  • the liquid injection efficiency is improved, and the capacity and safety performance of the battery cell 10 are also improved.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置，属于电池制造技术领域。本申请提出一种电池单体，包括：外壳，具有第一壁；电极组件；第一集流构件；其中，第一壁具有面向第一集流构件的第一表面，第一集流构件具有面向第一壁的第二表面，第一表面和第二表面中的一者设置有凸起，另一者与凸起抵接，以在第一壁和第一集流构件之间形成间隙；第一集流构件设置有第一孔和第二孔，第一孔被配置为通过间隙与第二孔连通。该电池单体中，电解液能够更快、更充分地浸润电极组件。本申请还提出一种电池以及用电装置，包括该电池单体。本申请还提出一种电池单体的制造方法和制造设备。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池制造技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
目前随着新能源汽车市场的持续繁荣，动力电池行业迅速扩产壮大，锂电池技术日益精进，对电池单体的安全性能、能量密度和工业化要求提出了越来越高的要求。
在电池单体组装过程中，需要对电池单体进行注液，使电解液浸润电极组件。但是，目前电池单体的注液效率较低，电极组件浸润效果较差，导致电池单体电容量较低，安全性能较差。
发明内容
为此，本申请提出一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电装置，电解液能够更快、更充分地浸润电极组件，不仅提高了电池单体的注液效率，且提高了电池单体的电容量和安全性能。
本申请第一方面实施例提出一种电池单体，包括：外壳，具有第一壁；电极组件，设置于所述外壳的内部，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的面向所述第一壁的一侧设有第一极耳；第一集流构件，设置于所述第一壁和所述电极组件之间且用于连接所述第一极耳和所述第一壁；其中，所述第一壁具有面向所述第一集流构件的第一表面，所述第一集流构件具有面向所述第一壁的第二表面，所述第一表面和所述第二表面中的一者设置有凸起，另一者与所述凸起抵接，以在所述第一壁和所述第一集流构件之间形成间隙；所述第一集流构件设置有第一孔和第二孔，所述第一孔与所述中心孔相对设置，所述第二孔与所述第一极耳相对设置，所述第一孔被配置为通过所述间隙与所述第二孔连通。
由于第一壁和第一集流构件之间具有间隙，对电池单体进行注液时，电解液进入中心孔，通过第一孔进入间隙，再从间隙进入第一极耳，进而充分、快速浸润电极组件，不仅提高了电池单体的注液效率，而且使电解液较充分地浸润电极组件，提高了电池单体的电容量和安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述凸起设有多个，多个所述凸起围绕所述中心孔间隔设置。
在上述方案中，多个凸起围绕中心孔间隔设置，能够围绕中心孔均匀抵接于第一集流构件和第一壁之间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二孔设置有多个，多个所述第二孔围绕所述中心孔间隔设置。
在上述方案中，多个第二孔围绕中心孔间隔设置，能够引导电解液围绕中心孔均匀扩散，以充分进入第一极耳，从而使电解液充分、快速浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述凸起在所述第一集流构件上的投影和所述第二孔不重叠。
在上述方案中，第一集流构件在开设第二孔的部位和与凸起对应的部位错开设置，即能够引导电解液顺利进入第二孔，又不会降低与凸起对应的部位的强度，在第一集流构件和第一壁之间可靠地形成间隙。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一壁设有第三孔，所述第一集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述周围部围绕所述中心部设置，所述中心部朝背离所述电极组件的方向凸出于所述周围部，所述中心部的至少一部分插入所述第三孔，所述中心部与所述第三孔的孔壁连接。
在上述方案中，中心部的至少一部分与第三孔的孔壁连接，能够通过中心部与第三孔的配合实现第一集流构件与第一壁电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述中心部包括顶壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述顶壁的周围，所述侧壁连接所述周围部和所述顶壁，所述第一孔设置于所述侧壁且与所述间隙连通，所述侧壁的外周面与所述第三孔的孔壁连接。
在上述方案中，第一孔设置于中心部的侧壁，中心孔的电解液通过第一孔沿着中心孔的径向进入间隙，以充分、快速浸润电极组件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述中心部的直径与所述第一集流构件的直径之比大于等于0.3。
在上述方案中，设置中心部的直径与第一集流构件的直径的比例大于等于0.3，能够在中心部与第三孔的孔壁贴合时具有较好的过流能力，实现第一集流构件与第一壁可靠电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述外壳还包括与所述第一壁相对设置的第二壁，所述电极组件的面向所述第二壁的一侧设有第二极耳，所述电池单体还包括：电极端子，绝缘设置于所述第二壁，且与所述第二极耳电连接。
在上述方案中，电极端子绝缘设置于第二壁，电极端子和第一壁分别位于外壳的相对的两侧，电池单体通过电极端子实现与外部电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池单体还包括：第二集流构件，设置于所述电极组件与所述第二壁之间且用于连接所述第二极耳和所述电极端子。
在上述方案中，第二极耳与电极端子通过第二集流构件连接，能够简化电极端子的构造，简化第二极耳与电极端子电连接的组装过程。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电极端子设有注液孔，所述注液孔与所述中心孔相对设置。
在上述方案中，注液孔集成设置于电极端子，能够简化外壳的构造，且注液孔和间隙分别位于中心孔的轴向的两侧，电解液由注液孔进入中心孔后可以先经过中心孔向电极组件扩散，再通过间隙进入电极组件，提高了电解液的浸润效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池单体还包括：密封件，用于封闭所述注液孔。
在上述方案中，电解液注液完成后，使用密封件封闭注液孔，能够保证电池单体的密封性，提高电池单体的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池单体还包括：泄压部，设置于所述第一壁，所述泄压部被配置为在所述电池单体内部的温度或者压力达到阈值时致动，以泄放所述电池单体内部的压力。
在上述方案中，泄压部设置于第一壁，以提高电池单体的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于封闭所述开口，其中，所述第一壁为所述端盖。
在上述方案中，第一壁为端盖，第一集流构件设置于电极组件和端盖之间，能够容许先将组装为一体的电极组件和第一集流构件放入壳体，再使用端盖封闭开口，简化了电池单体的组装过程。
本申请第二方面实施例提出一种电池，包括本申请第一方面实施例所述的电池单体。
本申请第三方面实施例提出一种用电装置，包括本申请第二方面实施例所述的电池。
本申请第四方面实施例提出一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
提供壳体和电极端子，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壳体，所述壳体具有开口，所述电极端子设有注液孔；
提供端盖；
提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端设有第一极耳；
提供第一集流构件，所述第一集流构件设置有第一孔和第二孔；
将所述第一集流构件与所述第一极耳连接，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口，使所述第一集流构件位于所述端盖和所述电极组件之间，其中，所述端盖具有面向所述第一集流构件的第一表面，所述第一集流构件具有面向所述端盖的第二表面，所述第一表面和所述第二表面中的一者设置有凸起，另一者与所述凸起抵接，以在所述端盖和所述第一集流构件之间形成间隙，所述第一孔与所述中心孔相对设置，所述第二孔与所述第一极耳相对设置，所述第一孔被配置为通过所述间隙与所述第二孔连通；
通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述第一孔进入所述间隙，再通过所述间隙进入所述电极组件。
本申请第五方面实施例一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
第一提供装置，用于提供壳体和电极端子，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壳体，所述壳体具有开口，所述电极端子设有注液孔；
第二提供装置，用于提供端盖；
第三提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端设有第一极耳；
第四提供装置，用于提供第一集流构件，所述第一集流构件设置有第一孔和第二孔；
第一组装模块，用于将所述第一集流构件与所述第一极耳连接，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口，使所述第一集流构件位于所述端盖和所述电极组件之间，其中，所述端盖具有面向所述第一集流构件的第一表面，所述第一集流构件具有面向所述端盖的第二表面，所述第一表面和所述第二表面中的一者设置有凸起，另一者与所述凸起抵接，以在所述端盖和所述第一集流构件之间形成间隙，所述第一孔与所述中心孔相对设置，所述第二孔与所述第一极耳相对设置，所述第一孔被配置为通过所述间隙与所述第二孔连通；
第二组装模块，用于通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述第一孔进入所述间隙，再通过所述间隙进入所述电极组件。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1示出的是本申请一实施例中的一种车辆的简易示意图；
图2示出的是图1中车辆的电池的结构示意图；
图3示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4示出的是图3中电池单体的剖面图；
图5示出的是图4中A处的局部放大图；
图6示出的是凸起设置于第一表面的结构示意图；
图7示出的是凸起设置于第二表面的结构示意图；
图8示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的一种形式的第一集流构件的结构示意图；
图9示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中又一种形式的第一集流构件的结构示意图；
图10示出的是与图9中配对设置的第一壁的结构示意图；
图11示出的是图9中的第一集流构件与图10中的第一壁配合的状态图；
图12示出的与是图8中的第一集流构件配对的第一壁的结构示意图；
图13示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的制造方法的工艺流程图；
图14示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的制造设备的结构示意图；
上述附图未按比例提供。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-电池单体；11-外壳；111-第一壁；1111-第一表面；1112-第三孔；112-第二壁；113-第三壁；12-电极组件；121-主体；122-第一极耳；123-第二极耳；124-中心孔；1241-第一端；1242-第二端；13-电极端子；131-注液孔；132-绝缘圈；14-第一集流构件；141-第二表面；142-第一孔；143-第二孔；144-中心部；1441-顶壁；1442-侧壁；14421-第一部分；14422-第二部分；145-周围部；15-第二集流构件；16-泄压部；17-密封件；18-凸起；19-间隙；20-箱体；21-第一箱体；22-第二箱体；200-控制器；300-马达；2000-电池单体的制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第三提供装置；2400-第四提供装置；2500-第一组装模块；2600-第二组装模块。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中需要说明的是除非另有明确的规定和限定术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：圆柱电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体，箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单 体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括集流构件，集流构件用于将电池单体的极耳和电极端子电连接，以将电能从电极组件输送至电极端子，经电极端子输送至电池单体的外部；多个电池单体之间通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体的串联、并联或者混联。
相关技术中，对电池单体进行注液时，电解液进入外壳内部后扩散困难，不仅注液时间较长，注液效率较低，且电解液不能充分浸润电极组件，导致电极组件电解液浸润不良，电池单体在充放电过程中很容易产生析锂，锂析晶会刺穿隔膜导致正极极片和负极极片短接，导致电极组件内部短路，降低电池单体的电容量和安全性能。
发明人经研究发现，电池单体的内部结构通常比较紧凑，电极组件和集流构件之间、集流构件和外壳之间以及电极组件和外壳之间紧密接触，能够减小电池单体的体积，提高电池单体的能量密度。由于现有的电池单体的内部不存在能够引导电解液快速扩散的间隙，电解液进入外壳内部后通过紧密接触的两个部件之间的缝隙进行扩散，电解液的扩散速度较慢且不均匀，导致电池单体的注液效率低，电极组件的浸润效果差。
基于上述思路，本申请提出一种新的技术方案，电解液能够更快、更充分地浸润电极组件，从而不仅提高了电池单体的注液效率，而且使电解液较充分地浸润电极组件，提高了电池单体的电容量和安全性能。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例描述的电池单体可以直接对用电装置供电，也可以通过并联或者串联的方式形成电池，以电池的形式对各种用电装置供电。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中描述的使用电池单体、电池模块或者电池所适用的用电装置可以为多种形式，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
本申请的实施例描述的电池单体以及电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池单体以及电池的用电装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动汽车为例进行说明。
图1示出的是本申请一实施例中的一种车辆的简易示意图；图2示出的是图1中车辆的电池的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100、控制器200和马达300，例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300的供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在其他实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000 的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
其中，本申请的实施例所提到的电池100是指包括一个或多个电池单体10以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。其中，多个电池单体10之间可以串联、并联或者混联直接组成电池100，混联指的是，多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体10也可以先串联、并联或者混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联、并联或者混联组成电池100。
如图2所示，电池100包括多个电池单体10和箱体20，多个电池单体10放置于箱体20内。箱体20包括第一箱体21和第二箱体22，第一箱体21和第二箱体22相互盖合后形成电池腔，多个电池单体10放置于电池腔内。其中，第一箱体21和第二箱体22的形状可以根据多个电池单体10组合的形状而定，第一箱体21和第二箱体22可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一箱体21和第二箱体22均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一箱体21和第二箱体22的开口相对设置，并且第一箱体21和第二箱体22相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体20。多个电池单体10相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一箱体21和第二箱体22扣合后形成的箱体20内。
图3示出的是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的爆炸图；图4示出的是图3中电池单体的剖面图。
如图3和图4所示，电池单体10包括外壳11、电极组件12、电极端子13、第一集流构件14、第二集流构件15、泄压部16和密封件17。
外壳11包括第一壁111、第二壁112和第三壁113，第一壁111和第三壁113相对设置，第二壁112连接第一壁111和第三壁113。
具体而言，外壳11包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖用于封闭开口，以将电极组件12封闭于外壳11的内部。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一壁111为端盖，第二壁112和第三壁113一体成型为壳体，第三壁113为壳体的底壁。
在其他实施例中，也可以是第一壁111和第二壁112一体成型为壳体，第一壁111为壳体的底壁，第三壁113为端盖。
壳体可以为圆柱形或者椭圆柱形，也可以为方形。壳体可由金属材料制成，诸如铝、铝合金或者镀镍钢。端盖为板状结构，端盖的尺寸和形状与壳体的开口匹配，端盖固定于壳体的开口，从而将电极组件12和电解液封闭于壳体的容纳腔。端盖采用金属材料制成，例如铝、钢等材料。
在本申请的一些实施例中，壳体为圆柱体，壳体的轴线方向沿第一轴线P延伸，径向沿第一方向R延伸，第一轴线P与第一方向R相互垂直，端盖为圆板结构，第一壁111和第二壁112分别设置于第一轴线P的相对的两侧。
在其他实施例中，壳体也可以为方形，端盖为正方形或者长方形板状结构。
电极组件12设置于外壳11内，电极组件12包括主体121、第一极耳122和第二极耳123。主体121包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜，隔离膜位于正极极片与负极极片之间，用于隔开正极极片与负极极片。其中，电极组件12采用卷绕方式成型，中心孔124为电极组件12的卷绕中心，中心孔124沿第一轴线P贯穿主体121。沿着第一轴线P的延伸方向，中心孔124的一端与第一壁111对应设置，另一端与第二壁112设置。
沿着第一轴线P，第一极耳122和第二极耳123分别位于主体121的两侧。第一极耳122与第一集流构件14对应设置，第二极耳123与第二集流构件15对应设置。第一极耳122和第二极耳123中，第一极耳122为负极极耳，第二极耳123为正极极耳。其中，与第一极耳122对应的集流构件的材料为铜，与第二极耳123对应的集流构件的材料为铝。第一集流构件14设置于第一壁111和第一极耳122之间，第一极耳122和第一壁111通过第一集流构件14实现电连接。电极端子13通过绝缘圈132绝缘设置于第二壁112，第二集流构件15设置于第二壁112和第二极耳123之间，第二极耳123和电极端子13通过第二集流构件15实现电连接。
第一集流构件14和第二集流构件15的厚度方向均沿第一轴线P延伸，第一集流构件14的 尺寸和形状可以与电极组件12匹配，也可以与电极组件12的尺寸和形状不匹配。第二集流构件15的尺寸和形状可以与电极组件12匹配，也可以与电极组件12的尺寸和形状不匹配。
以第一集流构件14为例，在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体10为圆柱形，电极组件12为圆柱形的卷绕体，第一集流构件14为轴线为第一轴线P的圆形板状结构。在其他实施例中，电池单体10也可以为方壳电池100，电极组件12为六面体形或者椭圆形，第一集流构件14为厚度方向沿第一轴线P延伸的四方形板状结构。
泄压部16被配置为电池单体10内部的温度或者压力达到阈值时致动，以泄放电池单体10内部的压力。
在本申请的一些实施例中，泄压部16设置于第一壁111，即泄压部16与电极端子13分别设置于外壳11沿着第一轴线P的两侧，以合理利用外壳11的表面空间。
在其他实施例中，泄压部16也可以设置于第二壁112，即泄压部16与电极端子13同侧设置。
电池单体10还开设有注液孔131，注液孔131用于向外壳11的内部灌注电解液，密封件17用于在注液完成后封闭注液孔131。其中，注液孔131可以采用拉铆工艺进行密封，拉铆后形成密封件17；密封件17也可以为橡胶、硅胶等材质的弹性件，弹性件塞入注液孔131以封闭注液孔131。
在本申请的一些实施例中，注液孔131设置于电极端子13，注液孔131与中心孔124相对设置，电解液从注液孔131进入中心孔124的一端，再由中心孔124的另一端扩散至电极组件12。
在其他实施例中，注液孔131也可以设置于第二壁112或者第一壁111。
图5示出的是图4中A处的局部放大图；图6示出的是凸起设置于第一表面的结构示意图；图7示出的是凸起设置于第二表面的结构示意图；
如图5和图6所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池单体10，包括外壳11、电极组件12和第一集流构件14。外壳11具有第一壁111，电极组件12设置于外壳11的内部，电极组件12具有中心孔124，电极组件12的面向第一壁111的一侧设有第一极耳122，第一集流构件14设置于第一壁111和电极组件12之间且用于连接第一极耳122和第一壁111。其中，第一壁111具有面向第一集流构件14的第一表面1111，第一集流构件14具有面向第一壁111的第二表面141，第一表面1111和第二表面141中的一者设置有凸起18，另一者与凸起18抵接，以在第一壁111和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19；第一集流构件14设置有第一孔142和第二孔143，第一孔142与中心孔124相对设置，第二孔143与第一极耳122相对设置，第一孔142被配置为通过间隙19与第二孔143连通。
沿着第一轴线P，中心孔124的两端分别为第一端1241和第二端1242，第一集流构件14和第一壁111均位于中心孔124的第一端1241。第一壁111可以为端盖，也可以为壳体的底壁；第一集流构件14可以与第一壁111以直接抵接的形式实现电连接，也可以通过凹凸配合的结构连接以实现电连接。
如图6所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起18可以设置于第一表面1111，凸起18的顶面与第二表面141抵接，以在第一壁111和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19；如图7所示，在本申请的另一些实施例中，凸起18也可以设置于第二表面141，凸起18的顶面与第一表面1111抵接，以在第一壁111和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19。
凸起18的数量可以为一个，一个凸起18抵接于第一表面1111和第二表面141之间，以在第一壁111和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19；凸起18的数量也可以为多个，多个凸起18的高度(即在第一轴线P的方向上的尺寸)相同，多个凸起18共同抵接于第一表面1111和第二表面141之间，以在第一壁111和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19。基于凸起18设置有多个的实施方式，多个凸起18可以全部设置于第一表面1111或第二表面141，也可以在第一表面1111和第二表面141上均设置有部分凸起18。
凸起18的形状可以为三角形、圆形、弧形等形状；凸起18的排布方式可以为环形阵列、方形阵列、三角形阵列等等。
第一孔142与中心孔124相对设置指的是，电解液可以从中心孔124的第一端1241进入第一孔142。第一孔142的轴线方向可以与中心孔124重合或者近似重合，电解液从中心孔124的第一端1241进入第一孔142时几乎不改变流动方向；第一孔142的轴线方向也可以与中心孔124垂直或者近似垂直，电解液从中心孔124的第一端1241进入第一孔142时流动方向明显发生改变。
第一孔142可以设置有一个，中心孔124内的电解液全部从一个第一孔142进入间隙19；第一孔142也可以设置有多个，多个第一孔142围绕第一轴线P间隔设置，中心孔124内的电解液同时进入多个第一孔142，进而沿第一方向R扩散。
第二孔143与第一极耳122相对设置指的是，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，第二孔143落入第一极耳122的投影范围之内，电解液从第二孔143流出后可以进入第一极耳122，进而进入电极组件12。
第二孔143可以设置有一个，间隙19内的电解液全部从一个第二孔143进入第一极耳122；第二孔143也可以设置有多个，多个第二孔143围绕第一轴线P间隔设置，间隙19内的电解液同时进入多个第二孔143，以均匀、快速浸润电极组件12。
由于第一壁111和第一集流构件14之间具有间隙19，对电池单体10进行注液时，电解液进入中心孔124，通过第一孔142进入间隙19，再从间隙19进入第一极耳122，进而充分、快速浸润电极组件12，不仅提高了电池单体10的注液效率，且提高了电池单体10的电容量和安全性能。
图8示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的一种形式的第一集流构件的结构示意图。
如图8所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起18设有多个，多个凸起18围绕中心孔124间隔设置。
具体而言，多个凸起18围绕第一轴线P间隔设置。多个凸起18可以全部位于围绕第一轴线P的同一圆周上；例如，如图8所示，凸起18设置有四个，四个凸起18围绕第一轴线P呈环形设置。多个凸起18也可以沿着第一方向R呈多个环形阵列布置，例如，凸起18设置有八个，其中四个凸起18围绕第一轴线P呈环形阵列设置，另外四个凸起18设置于该四个凸起18的外圈，也呈环形阵列设置。
在上述方案中，多个凸起18围绕中心孔124间隔设置，能够围绕中心孔124均匀抵接于第一集流构件14和第一壁111之间。
如图8所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第二孔143设置有多个，多个第二孔143围绕中心孔124间隔设置。
第二孔143的形状可以为三角形、圆形、弧形等形状。多个第二孔143围绕第一轴线P间隔设置。
多个第二孔143可以全部位于围绕第一轴线P的同一圆周上；例如，如图8所示，第二孔143设置有四个，四个第二孔143围绕第一轴线P呈环形设置。多个第二孔143也可以沿着第一方向R呈多个环形阵列布置，例如，第二孔143设置有八个，其中四个第二孔143围绕第一轴线P呈环形阵列设置，另外四个第二孔143设置于该四个第二孔143的外圈，也呈环形阵列设置。
在上述方案中，多个第二孔143围绕中心孔124间隔设置，能够引导电解液围绕中心孔124均匀扩散，以充分进入第一极耳122，从而使电解液充分、快速浸润电极组件12。
如图8所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起18在第一集流构件14上的投影和第二孔143不重叠。
具体而言，在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上，凸起18与第二孔143的投影不重叠。
凸起18和第二孔143可以沿着第一方向R间隔设置，凸起18和第二孔143也可以围绕第一轴线P间隔设置。例如，如图8所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起18和第二孔143的数量相同且一一对应，每个凸起18位于对应的第二孔143的外侧，即沿着第一方向R远离第一轴线P的一侧。
在上述方案中，第一集流构件14在开设第二孔143的部位和与凸起18对应的部位错开设置，即能够引导电解液顺利进入第二孔143，又不会降低与凸起18对应的部位的强度，在第一集流构件14和第一壁111之间可靠地形成间隙19。
图9示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体中又一种形式的第一集流构件的结构示意图；图10示出的是与图9中配对设置的第一壁的结构示意图；图11示出的是图9中的第一集流构件与图10中的第一壁配合的状态图。
如图9、图10和图11所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一壁111设有第三孔1112，第一集流构件14包括中心部144和周围部145，周围部145围绕中心部144设置，中心部144朝背离电极组件12的方向凸出于周围部145，中心部144的至少一部分插入第三孔1112，中心部144与第三孔1112的孔壁连接。
第三孔1112的形状可以为三角形、方形、圆形、椭圆形等等，中心部144的插入第三孔1112的部分与第三孔1112的形状匹配。例如，在本申请的一些实施例中，中心部144为圆柱形，第三孔1112为圆形孔。
中心部144与第三孔1112的孔壁可以焊接连接，以确保电池单体10密封性能的同时，还确保第一集流构件14与第一壁111的过流能力。第二孔143和凸起18均设置于周围部145，周围部145用于与第一极耳122连接。
第三孔1112的轴线方向可以与第一轴线P重合设置，即中心孔124与第一孔142同心设置，使电池单体10的重心位于第一轴线P上，利于电池单体10的稳定放置；第三孔1112的轴线方向也可以偏离第一轴线P设置，以合理利用电池单体10内部的空间。
在上述方案中，中心部144的至少一部分与第三孔1112的孔壁连接，能够通过中心部144与第三孔1112的配合实现第一集流构件14与第一壁111电连接。
如图9、图10和图11所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，中心部144包括顶壁1441和侧壁1442，侧壁1442围设在顶壁1441的周围，侧壁1442连接周围部145和顶壁1441，第一孔142设置于侧壁1442且与间隙19连通，侧壁1442的外周面与第三孔1112的孔壁连接。
侧壁1442的外周面指的是，中心部144围绕第一轴线P的外周面。
侧壁1442包括沿着第一轴线P连接的第一部分14421和第二部分14422，第一部分14421与周围部145连接，第二部分14422的一端与第一部分14421连接，另一部分与顶壁1441连接。第一部分14421与间隙19连通，第二部分14422与第三孔1112的孔壁连接，第一孔142设置于侧壁1442。
顶壁1441的法向沿第一轴线P延伸。侧壁1442的法向可以沿第一方向R延伸，第一孔142的轴向沿第一方向R延伸；侧壁1442的法向也可以与第一方向R和第一轴线P均倾斜设置，第一孔142的轴向沿着侧壁1442的法向延伸。
第一部分14421和第二部分14422的直径可以相同，通过凸起18的高度来限制第二部分14422的沿着第一轴线P的长度；第一部分14421的直径也可以大于第二部分14422的直径，第一部分14421和第二部分14422的连接处形成台阶，以限制第二部分14422沿着第一轴线P的长度。
在上述方案中，第一孔142设置于中心部144的侧壁1442，中心孔124的电解液通过第一孔142沿着中心孔124的径向进入间隙19，以充分、快速浸润电极组件12。
在本申请的一些实施例中，中心部144的直径与第一集流构件14的直径之比大于等于0.3。
如图9和图10所示，中心部144呈圆柱体状，第一集流构件14呈圆盘状，中心部144的中心轴线与第一轴线P重合或平行，第一集流构件14的中心轴线与中心部144重合设置。
在上述方案中，设置中心部144的直径与第一集流构件14的直径的比例大于等于0.3，能够在中心部144与第三孔1112的孔壁贴合时具有较好的过流能力，实现第一集流构件14与第一壁111可靠电连接。
在其他实施例中，中心部144也可以为正方体、长方体、椭圆柱体等。
图12示出的与是图8中的第一集流构件配对的第一壁的结构示意图。
如图8和图12所示，在其他实施例中，第一集流构件14也可以为平板状结构，第一集流构件14与第一壁111通过凸起18抵接以实现电连接(如图5所示)。凸起18的顶面面积(即与第一表面1111或者第二表面141的抵接面积占第一集流构件14的面积(即在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上的投影面积)之比大于0.05。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳11还包括与第一壁111相对设置的第二壁112，电极组件12的面向第二壁112的一侧设有第二极耳123，电池单体10还包括电极端子13，绝缘设置于第二壁112，且与第二极耳123电连接。
基于前述的第一壁111为端盖的实施方式，第二壁112为壳体的底壁。第二壁112设有电极引出孔，电极端子13电极引出孔，电极端子13的外周面和电极引出孔的孔壁之间通过绝缘圈132绝缘隔离。
在上述方案中，电极端子13绝缘设置于第二壁112，电极端子13和第一壁111分别位于外壳11的相对的两侧，电池单体10通过电极端子13实现与外部电连接。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体10还包括第二集流构件15，设置于电极组件12与第二壁112之间且用于连接第二极耳123和电极端子13。
在上述方案中，第二极耳123与电极端子13通过第二集流构件15连接，能够简化电极端子13的构造，简化第二极耳123与电极端子13电连接的组装过程。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极端子13设有注液孔131，注液孔131与中心孔124相对设置。
具体而言，注液孔131与中心孔124的第二端1242相对设置，电解液可以从注液孔131进入电池单体10的内部，再从第二孔143的第二端1242进入中心孔124。
在上述方案中，注液孔131集成设置于电极端子13，能够简化外壳11的构造，且注液孔131和间隙19分别位于中心孔124的轴向的两侧，电解液由注液孔131进入中心孔124后可以先经过中心孔124向电极组件12扩散，再通过间隙19进入电极组件12，提高了电解液的浸润效率。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体10还包括密封件17，用于封闭注液孔131。
在上述方案中，电解液注液完成后，使用密封件17封闭注液孔131，能够保证电池单体10的密封性，提高电池单体10的安全性能。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体10还包括泄压部16，设置于第一壁111，泄压部16被配置为在电池单体10内部的温度或者压力达到阈值时致动，以泄放电池单体10内部的压力。
泄压部16可以为防爆片，在可以通过在第一壁111上设置薄弱区域形成。在本申请的一些实施例中，第一壁111的第一表面1111上设有凹部，凹部呈围绕第一轴线P的环形。
在上述方案中，泄压部16设置于第一壁111，以提高电池单体10的安全性能。
如图3和图4所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳11包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开 口，端盖用于封闭开口，其中，第一壁111为端盖。
在上述方案中，第一壁111为端盖，第一集流构件14设置于电极组件12和端盖之间，能够容许先将组装为一体的电极组件12和第一集流构件14放入壳体，再使用端盖封闭开口，简化了电池单体10的组装过程。
本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池100，包括电池单体10。
本申请的一些实施例提出一种用电装置，包括电池100。
图13示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的制造方法的工艺流程图。
如图13所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
S100：提供壳体和电极端子13，电极端子13绝缘安装于壳体，壳体具有开口，电极端子13设有注液孔131；
S200：提供端盖；
S300：提供电极组件12，电极组件12具有中心孔124，电极组件12的一端设有第一极耳122；
S400：提供第一集流构件14，第一集流构件14设置有第一孔142和第二孔143；
S500：将第一集流构件14与第一极耳122连接，将电极组件12放入壳体内，将端盖覆盖于开口，使第一集流构件14位于端盖和电极组件12之间，其中，端盖具有面向第一集流构件14的第一表面1111，第一集流构件14具有面向端盖的第二表面141，第一表面1111和第二表面141中的一者设置有凸起18，另一者与凸起18抵接，以在端盖和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19，第一孔142与中心孔124相对设置，第二孔143与第一极耳122相对设置，第一孔142被配置为通过间隙19与第二孔143连通；
S600：通过注液孔131向壳体的内部注入电解液，电解液进入中心孔124，并通过第一孔142进入间隙19，再通过间隙19进入电极组件12。
图14示出的是本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的制造设备的结构示意图。
如图14所示，本申请的一些实施例一种电池单体的制造设备2000，包括：
第一提供装置2100，用于提供壳体和电极端子13，电极端子13绝缘安装于壳体，壳体具有开口，电极端子13设有注液孔131；
第二提供装置2200，用于提供端盖；
第三提供装置2300，用于提供电极组件12，电极组件12具有中心孔124，电极组件12的一端设有第一极耳122；
第四提供装置2400，用于提供第一集流构件14，第一集流构件14设置有第一孔142和第二孔143；
第一组装模块2500，用于将第一集流构件14与第一极耳122连接，将电极组件12放入壳体内，将端盖覆盖于开口，使第一集流构件14位于端盖和电极组件12之间，其中，端盖具有面向第一集流构件14的第一表面1111，第一集流构件14具有面向端盖的第二表面141，第一表面1111和第二表面141中的一者设置有凸起18，另一者与凸起18抵接，以在端盖和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19，第一孔142与中心孔124相对设置，第二孔143与第一极耳122相对设置，第一孔142被配置为通过间隙19与第二孔143连通；
第二组装模块2600，用于通过注液孔131向壳体的内部注入电解液，电解液进入中心孔124，并通过第一孔142进入间隙19，再通过间隙19进入电极组件12。
如图1至图14所示，本申请的一些实施例提出一种电池单体10，包括外壳11、电极组件12、电极端子13、第一集流构件14、第二集流构件15、泄压部16、密封件17以及绝缘圈132。 其中，第一集流构件14为负极集流盘，第二集流构件15为正极集流盘。外壳11包括壳体和端盖，端盖为第一壁111，壳体的底壁为第二壁112，第一壁111和第二壁112沿着第一轴线P相对设置，电极端子13通过绝缘圈132设置于第二壁112。电极组件12具有沿第一轴线P延伸的中心孔124，沿着第一轴线P，电极组件12的两端分别设有第一极耳122和第二极耳123，第一极耳122通过第一集流构件14与第一壁111电连接，第二极耳123通过第二集流构件15与电极端子13电连接。电极端子13设有注液孔131，注液孔131与中心孔124相对设置。第一壁111具有面向第一集流构件14的第一表面1111，第一集流构件14具有面向第一壁111的第二表面141，第一表面1111和第二表面141中的一者设置有凸起18，另一者与凸起18抵接，以在第一壁111和第一集流构件14之间形成间隙19；第一集流构件14设置有第一孔142和第二孔143，第一孔142与中心孔124相对设置，第二孔143与第一极耳122相对设置，第一孔142被配置为通过间隙19与第二孔143连通。
如图6所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，凸起18设置于第一壁111的第一表面1111；如图7所示，在本申请的另一些实施例中，凸起18设置于第一集流构件14的第二表面141。
如图8和图12所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一集流构件14呈平板状结构，第一孔142设置于第一集流构件14的中心，第一孔142的轴线与第一轴线P平行或者重合。第一集流构件14与第一壁111通过凸起18的顶面抵接，不仅形成间隙19，还实现二者的电连接。凸起18的顶面面积(即与第一表面1111或者第二表面141的抵接面积占第一集流构件14的面积(即在垂直于第一轴线P的平面上的投影面积)之比大于0.05，以保证第一集流构件14与第一壁111的过流能力。
注液时，电解液从注液孔131进入中心孔124的第一端1241，从中心孔124的第二端1242几乎不改变流动方向地进入第一孔142，从第一孔142进入间隙19，再从第二孔143进入第一极耳122，以充分、快速浸润电极组件12。
如图9、图10和图11所示，在本申请的另一些实施例中，第一壁111设有第三孔1112，第一集流构件14包括中心部144和周围部145，周围部145围绕中心部144设置，中心部144朝背离电极组件12的方向凸出于周围部145。中心部144包括顶壁1441和侧壁1442，侧壁1442围设在顶壁1441的周围，侧壁1442连接周围部145和顶壁1441，中心部144的至少一部分插入第三孔1112，并通过围缝焊接工艺将侧壁1442的外周面与第三孔1112的孔壁焊接连接。在凸起18的抵接作用下，侧壁1442的一部分暴露于间隙19内，该部分开设有第一孔142。中心部144的直径与第一集流构件14的直径之比大于等于0.3，以保证第一集流构件14与第一壁111的过流能力。
注液时，电解液从注液孔131进入中心孔124的第一端1241，从中心孔124的第二端1242进入第一孔142，从第一孔142进入间隙19，流动方向由沿着第一轴线P改为沿着第一方向R，再从第二孔143进入第一极耳122，以充分、快速浸润电极组件12。
本申请实施例的电池单体10中，在第一集流构件14上形成第一孔142和第二孔143，在第一集流构件14或者第一壁111上形成凸起18，通过凸起18形成间隙19，为电解液扩散提供通道，能够有效改善现有设计中的电解液浸润不良的问题。该种改进方式只需要在现有的第一集流构件14或者第一壁111上作出简单改进，成本低廉，易于实现，且能够明显提高电极组件12的浸润效果，不仅提高了电池单体10的注液效率，还提高了电池单体10的电容量和安全性能。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    外壳，具有第一壁；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳的内部，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的面向所述第一壁的一侧设有第一极耳；
    第一集流构件，设置于所述第一壁和所述电极组件之间且用于连接所述第一极耳和所述第一壁；
    其中，所述第一壁具有面向所述第一集流构件的第一表面，所述第一集流构件具有面向所述第一壁的第二表面，所述第一表面和所述第二表面中的一者设置有凸起，另一者与所述凸起抵接，以在所述第一壁和所述第一集流构件之间形成间隙；
    所述第一集流构件设置有第一孔和第二孔，所述第一孔与所述中心孔相对设置，所述第二孔与所述第一极耳相对设置，所述第一孔被配置为通过所述间隙与所述第二孔连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸起设有多个，多个所述凸起围绕所述中心孔间隔设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二孔设置有多个，多个所述第二孔围绕所述中心孔间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸起在所述第一集流构件上的投影和所述第二孔不重叠。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁设有第三孔，所述第一集流构件包括中心部和周围部，所述周围部围绕所述中心部设置，所述中心部朝背离所述电极组件的方向凸出于所述周围部，所述中心部的至少一部分插入所述第三孔，所述中心部与所述第三孔的孔壁连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述中心部包括顶壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述顶壁的周围，所述侧壁连接所述周围部和所述顶壁，所述第一孔设置于所述侧壁且与所述间隙连通，所述侧壁的外周面与所述第三孔的孔壁连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电池单体，其中，所述中心部的直径与所述第一集流构件的直径之比大于等于0.3。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳还包括与所述第一壁相对设置的第二壁，所述电极组件的面向所述第二壁的一侧设有第二极耳，所述电池单体还包括：
    电极端子，绝缘设置于所述第二壁，且与所述第二极耳电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    第二集流构件，设置于所述电极组件与所述第二壁之间且用于连接所述第二极耳和所述电极端子。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极端子设有注液孔，所述注液孔与所述中心孔相对设置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    密封件，用于封闭所述注液孔。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括：
    泄压部，设置于所述第一壁，所述泄压部被配置为在所述电池单体内部的温度或者压力达到阈值时致动，以泄放所述电池单体内部的压力。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于封闭所述开口，其中，所述第一壁为所述端盖。
  14. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池单体。
  15. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求14所述的电池。
  16. 一种电池单体的制造方法，其中，包括：
    提供壳体和电极端子，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壳体，所述壳体具有开口，所述电极端子设有注液孔；
    提供端盖；
    提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端设有第一极耳；
    提供第一集流构件，所述第一集流构件设置有第一孔和第二孔；
    将所述第一集流构件与所述第一极耳连接，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口，使所述第一集流构件位于所述端盖和所述电极组件之间，其中，所述端盖具有面向所述第一集流构件的第一表面，所述第一集流构件具有面向所述端盖的第二表面，所述第一表面和所述第二表面中的一者设置有凸起，另一者与所述凸起抵接，以在所述端盖和所述第一集流构件之间形成间隙，所述第一孔与所述中心孔相对设置，所述第二孔与所述第一极耳相对设置，所述第一孔被配置为通过所述间隙与所述第二孔连通；
    通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述第一孔进入所述间隙，再通过所述间隙进入所述电极组件。
  17. 一种电池单体的制造设备，其中，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供壳体和电极端子，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壳体，所述壳体具有开口，所述电极端子设有注液孔；
    第二提供装置，用于提供端盖；
    第三提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有中心孔，所述电极组件的一端设有第一极耳；
    第四提供装置，用于提供第一集流构件，所述第一集流构件设置有第一孔和第二孔；
    第一组装模块，用于将所述第一集流构件与所述第一极耳连接，将所述电极组件放入所述壳体内，将所述端盖覆盖于所述开口，使所述第一集流构件位于所述端盖和所述电极组件之间，其中，所述端盖具有面向所述第一集流构件的第一表面，所述第一集流构件具有面向所述端盖的第二表面，所述第一表面和所述第二表面中的一者设置有凸起，另一者与所述凸起抵接，以在所述端盖和所述第一集流构件之间形成间隙，所述第一孔与所述中心孔相对设置，所述第二孔与所述第一极耳相对设置，所述第一孔被配置为通过所述间隙与所述第二孔连通；
    第二组装模块，用于通过所述注液孔向所述壳体的内部注入电解液，所述电解液进入所述中心孔，并通过所述第一孔进入所述间隙，再通过所述间隙进入所述电极组件。
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