WO2023149157A1 - 鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023149157A1 WO2023149157A1 PCT/JP2023/000227 JP2023000227W WO2023149157A1 WO 2023149157 A1 WO2023149157 A1 WO 2023149157A1 JP 2023000227 W JP2023000227 W JP 2023000227W WO 2023149157 A1 WO2023149157 A1 WO 2023149157A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to steel materials suitably used for steel structures such as ships, offshore structures, pressure vessels, line pipes, and offshore wind power generators.
- the present invention relates to a thick high-strength steel plate that not only has excellent base material strength and toughness, but also excellent joint CTOD characteristics in multi-layer welds, and a method for producing the same, with respect to steel plates having a thickness of more than 100 mm.
- the Charpy test has been mainly used to evaluate the toughness of steel.
- a crack opening displacement test (hereinafter referred to as "CTOD test”) has been applied to steel plates used in steel structures. It is being applied more and more.
- COD test a crack opening displacement test
- a test piece in which a fatigue pre-crack is introduced in the toughness evaluation part is bent at three points at a low temperature, and the crack opening amount (plastic deformation amount) immediately before fracture is measured to evaluate the brittle fracture generation resistance. It is.
- Multi-layer welding is used when thick steel plates are applied to steel structures such as ships, offshore structures, pressure vessels, line pipes, and wind power generators as described above.
- weld heat affected zone Heat Affected Zone: hereinafter also referred to as "multilayer welding HAZ"
- Coarse Grain Heat Affected there is a region near the weld line that has become a coarse structure due to the previous welding pass.
- CGHAZ Coarse Grain Heat Affected Zone
- the CTOD test of the welded joint is basically performed on the full plate thickness
- the ICCGHAZ structure is included in the region where the fatigue pre-crack is introduced.
- the joint CTOD characteristics obtained by the joint CTOD test are governed by the toughness of the most embrittled structure in the evaluation region
- the joint CTOD characteristics of the multi-layer welded HAZ reflect not only the CGHAZ structure but also the ICCGHAZ structure toughness. be done. Therefore, in order to improve the joint CTOD characteristics of the multi-layer welded HAZ, it is necessary to improve not only the toughness of the CGHAZ structure but also the toughness of the ICCGHAZ structure.
- Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 disclose techniques for suppressing austenite grain growth and improving the toughness of weld zones by adding REM together with Ti to disperse fine particles in the steel. ing. Further, Patent Document 3 proposes a technology for improving HAZ toughness using CaS and a technology for improving base material toughness by hot rolling.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a technique of increasing the base material strength by adding Cu after suppressing the formation of MA by reducing C and Si.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a technique of using BN as ferrite transformation nuclei in the heat affected zone of high heat input welding to refine the HAZ structure and improve the HAZ toughness.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a technique for improving low-temperature toughness by controlling the hardness of the central segregation portion.
- CTOD specification temperature in the standard for example, API (American Petroleum Institute) standard RP (Recommended Practice)-2Z
- API American Petroleum Institute
- RP Recommended Practice
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 are high-strength and thick-walled steel plates with a thickness of more than 100 mm, which are required in recent years. It was not possible to sufficiently satisfy the joint CTOD characteristics required for welded joints.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a technology for suppressing coarsening of the austenitic structure of the HAZ by adding REM together with Ti to disperse fine particles in the steel. Since this technique is intended for steel materials with relatively low strength and a small amount of alloying elements, it cannot be applied to steel materials with a high strength and a large amount of alloying elements because the HAZ structure does not contain ferrite.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are effective in suppressing austenite grain growth.
- the effect of improving toughness by suppressing coarsening of austenite grains in the HAZ alone cannot satisfy the joint CTOD characteristics at the low temperature specified above.
- Patent Document 4 the joint CTOD characteristics at the above low temperature specification temperature are not studied, and it is considered that the low temperature CTOD specification cannot be satisfied only by improving the ICCGHAZ toughness by reducing the base material composition. be done.
- reducing the content of alloying elements in the base metal in order to improve the toughness of ICCGHAZ is a technical idea that conflicts with securing strength for thickening. difficult to apply to
- Patent Document 5 The technology proposed in Patent Document 5 is effective when the cooling rate in the weld heat affected zone is slow and the HAZ has a ferrite-based structure, as in the case of high heat input welding.
- the HAZ structure is mainly composed of bainite, and the effect of improving the joint CTOD characteristics cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 6 proposes a technique for satisfying the joint CTOD characteristics in a low temperature range in a thick steel plate with a thickness of 100 mm or less. Mechanical properties equivalent to those of thick steel plates having a thickness of 100 mm or less have not yet been obtained.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and its object is to provide excellent CTOD characteristics of joints subjected to multi-layer welding (hereinafter referred to as multi-layer welding joint CTOD characteristics). is more than 100 mm and has high strength, and to provide a method for producing the same.
- high strength in the present invention means that the yield strength at the plate thickness center position in a tensile test is 320 MPa or more, and excellent multi-layer welded joint CTOD characteristics in the present invention means notch position CGHAZ and SC/ It means that the crack opening displacement amount is 0.30 mm or more at the test temperature of ⁇ 40° C. at each ICHAZ boundary.
- the plate thickness center portion is a region having a thickness of 10% of the plate thickness in both surface directions of the steel plate from the plate thickness center.
- the inventors have found that the base material transformation region / The joint CTOD characteristics at the SC/ICHAZ (Sub-Critically reheated HAZ/Inter-Critically reheated HAZ) boundary, which is the boundary of the untransformed region, were also studied. As a result, the following findings were obtained. (4) In order to satisfy the joint CTOD characteristics at the test temperature of -40°C at the SC/ICHAZ boundary, the base material toughness is dominant over the joint CTOD characteristics at the SC/ICHAZ boundary. It was found that it is necessary to improve the toughness of the base material by making the crystal grain size 20 ⁇ m or less and refining the crystal grains.
- the cooling rate at the central portion of the plate thickness is low, so the crystal grains at this portion become coarse.
- the average value of the deformation resistance ratio between the plate thickness center and the surface of the steel plate is 0.70 or less. It has been found that it is possible to introduce sufficient strain to the portion, and that the crystal grain refinement can be achieved to the above crystal grain size.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings and further studies. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows. 1. % by mass, C: 0.02 to 0.12%, Si: 0.70% or less, Mn: 0.3 to 3.0%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, Al: 0.002 to 0.100%, Ti: 0.002 to 0.060%, N: 0.0130% or less, and O: 0.0100% or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities has a component composition that satisfies the following formulas (1) to (3), A steel sheet having an average effective crystal grain size of 20 ⁇ m or less at the center of the sheet thickness, and having 0.10 or less porosities per 1 mm 2 having an equivalent circle diameter of 180 ⁇ m or more in the steel sheet.
- the component composition is further, in mass%, Ni: 2.0% or less, Ca: 0.0180% or less, Cu: 2.00% or less, Cr: 2.00% or less, Mo: 2.00% or less. , Nb: 0.070% or less, V: 0.20% or less, W: 0.50% or less, B: 0.0050% or less, REM: 0.030% or less, and Mg: 0.0150% or less 2.
- the steel sheet according to 1 above including one or more selected from the group consisting of:
- a method for manufacturing the steel sheet according to 1 or 2 above A steel slab having the chemical composition described in 1 or 2 above is heated to a temperature in the range of 990° C. or higher and 1200° C. or lower, and the condition of the following formula (4) is satisfied, and the temperature at the thickness center is 950° C. or higher.
- hot rolling is performed with a cumulative reduction ratio of 30% or more when the reduction ratio/pass is 3% or more, and a cumulative reduction ratio of 40% or more in rolling at a temperature at the center of the thickness of less than 950 ° C. Then, when cooling to a cooling stop temperature of 600 ° C.
- [C] in formulas (5) to (7) is the mass % of C
- Tk is the absolute temperature (K) at the center of the plate thickness or the surface of the steel plate
- h0 is the plate thickness at the entry side of rolling
- h1 is Plate thickness on the rolling exit side
- n is the roll rotation speed (rpm)
- r is the rolling reduction
- R is the roll radius (mm)
- the present invention it is possible to provide a thick steel plate that has high strength even if it has a thickness of more than 100 mm and that is excellent in multi-layer welded joint CTOD characteristics.
- C 0.02-0.12% C is an element that enhances hardenability and strength of steel, and should be contained in an amount of 0.02% or more. However, if the C content exceeds 0.12%, the hardness of the C-enriched portion increases and the joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate. Therefore, the C content should be in the range of 0.02 to 0.12%. Preferably, the lower limit is 0.04% and the upper limit is 0.09%.
- Si 0.70% or less
- Si is an element that is inevitably contained as an impurity, and has the effect of improving the strength.
- the Si content exceeds 0.70%, the joint CTOD characteristics are degraded. Therefore, the upper limit of the Si content is limited to 0.70%. Preferably, it is 0.50% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but about 0.04% is preferable.
- Mn 0.3-3.0%
- Mn is an element that has the effect of improving the strength of the base metal and the weld zone through the improvement of the hardenability of steel. In order to obtain such effects, addition of 0.3% or more is necessary. Preferably, it is 0.5% or more. On the other hand, adding more than 3.0% not only lowers weldability, but also causes excessive hardenability and lowers the toughness of the base metal and the weld zone, thereby deteriorating the joint CTOD characteristics. Therefore, the Mn content should be in the range of 0.3 to 3.0%. Preferably, it is 2.8% or less.
- P 0.050% or less
- P is an element that has a large effect of embrittlement of grain boundaries, and if added in a large amount, reduces HAZ toughness and joint CTOD characteristics. Therefore, the P content is limited to 0.050% or less. Preferably, it is 0.030% or less. On the other hand, since it is desirable to reduce the P content as much as possible, the lower limit of the P content is not particularly limited. Therefore, the P content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- S 0.0050% or less
- S is an element that degrades joint CTOD characteristics, so the upper limit of the S content is limited to 0.0050%. Preferably, it is 0.0030% or less. On the other hand, since it is desirable to reduce the S content as much as possible, the lower limit of the S content is not limited. Therefore, the S content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- Al 0.002-0.100%
- Al is an element necessary for forming inclusions for improving the toughness of the multi-layer welded HAZ and improving the joint CTOD characteristics, and must be added in an amount of 0.002% or more. Preferably, it is 0.005% or more. On the other hand, if it is added in excess of 0.100%, the joint CTOD characteristics in the low temperature range will deteriorate. Therefore, the Al content should be in the range of 0.002 to 0.100%. Preferably, it is 0.075% or less.
- Ti 0.002-0.060% Ti precipitates in steel as TiN.
- the precipitated TiN has the effect of suppressing coarsening of austenite grains in the base metal and HAZ, refines the HAZ structure, and improves joint CTOD characteristics. In order to obtain such effects, addition of 0.002% or more is necessary. Preferably, it is 0.005% or more.
- the Ti content should be in the range of 0.002 to 0.060%. Preferably, it is 0.050% or less.
- N 0.0130% or less N is an element that lowers the HAZ toughness and deteriorates the joint CTOD characteristics, so the upper limit of the N content is limited to 0.0130%. On the other hand, since it is desirable to reduce the N content as much as possible, the lower limit of the N content is not limited. Therefore, the N content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- O 0.0100% or less
- O is an element that lowers the HAZ toughness and deteriorates the joint CTOD characteristics, so the upper limit of the O content is limited to 0.0100%.
- the lower limit of the O content is not limited. Therefore, the O content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the chemical composition of the steel plate in one embodiment of the present invention shall consist of the above elements and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- Ni, Ca, Cu, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, W, One or more selected from the group consisting of B, REM, and Mg can be further arbitrarily contained in the content shown below.
- Ni 2.0% or less
- Ni is an element that can increase the strength of a steel plate without significantly deteriorating the toughness of both the base metal and the joint, but the addition of Ni increases the manufacturing cost and environmental load. .
- inclusion of Ni was essential in order to secure base material toughness and joint toughness.
- Ni may be contained in order to further improve toughness.
- the Ni content of 2.0% or more poses problems of an excessive increase in manufacturing cost and an increase in environmental load. Therefore, the Ni content is limited to 2.0% or less. More preferably, it is 1.8% or less.
- when Ni is added 0.1% or more is desirable.
- Ca 0.0180% or less Ca is an element that improves the toughness of the multi-layer welding HAZ by forming an oxysulfide that is highly stable at high temperatures. Decrease CTOD characteristics. Therefore, the upper limit of Ca content is limited to 0.0180%. More preferably, it is 0.0160% or less. On the other hand, when adding Ca, 0.0002% or more is desirable.
- Cu 2.00% or less
- Cu is an element that can increase the strength of steel plates without greatly deteriorating the base metal and joint toughness. Surface cracks due to the Cu-enriched layer formed directly under the tile become a problem. Therefore, the Cu content is limited to 2.00% or less. More preferably, it is 1.50% or less. On the other hand, when adding Cu, 0.05% or more is desirable.
- Cr 2.00% or less Cr is an element that has the effect of improving the strength of steel by improving the hardenability of steel. Limit the Cr content to 2.00% or less. More preferably, it is 1.50% or less. On the other hand, when Cr is added, 0.05% or more is desirable.
- Mo 2.00% or less Mo is an element that has the effect of improving strength by improving the hardenability of steel. Limit the Mo content to 2.00% or less. More preferably, it is 1.50% or less. On the other hand, when adding Mo, 0.05% or more is desirable.
- Nb 0.070% or less
- Nb is an element that widens the non-recrystallization temperature range of the austenite phase. Therefore, the addition of Nb is effective for efficiently rolling in the non-recrystallized region and obtaining a fine structure.
- Nb is added, it is preferably 0.005% or more.
- the Nb addition amount exceeds 0.070%, the joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate, so the Nb content is limited to 0.070% or less. More preferably, it is 0.050% or less.
- V 0.20% or less
- V is an element that improves the strength of the base metal, and when V is added, it is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the V content exceeds 0.20%, the HAZ toughness deteriorates and the joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate, so the V content is limited to 0.20% or less. More preferably, it is 0.15% or less.
- W 0.50% or less W is an element that improves the strength of the base metal, and when W is added, it is preferably 0.05% or more. On the other hand, if the W content exceeds 0.50%, the HAZ toughness deteriorates and the joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate, so the W content is limited to 0.50% or less. More preferably, it is 0.40% or less.
- B 0.0050% or less B is an element that can improve the hardenability and thereby improve the strength of the steel sheet when contained in a very small amount.
- the B content exceeds 0.0050%, the HAZ toughness decreases and the joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate, so the B content is limited to 0.0050% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0040% or less.
- REM 0.030% or less REM (rare earth metal) is an element that suppresses the growth of austenite grains in the HAZ by forming oxysulfide inclusions and improves the toughness of the HAZ. is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the REM content exceeds 0.030%, the base material toughness and HAZ toughness are rather lowered, and joint CTOD characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, the REM content is limited to 0.030% or less. More preferably, it is 0.025% or less.
- Mg 0.0150% or less Mg is an element that suppresses the growth of austenite grains in the weld heat affected zone by forming oxide inclusions and improves the toughness of the weld heat affected zone. If so, 0.0002% or more is desirable. However, if the Mg content exceeds 0.0150%, the effect of addition is saturated, and the effect commensurate with the content cannot be expected, which is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, the Mg content is limited to 0.0150% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0100% or less.
- the chemical composition of the steel plate and the steel billet must satisfy the following conditions of Ti/N, Ceq and Pcm, respectively.
- 1.50 ⁇ Ti/N ⁇ 5.00 Ti/N controls the amount of dissolved N in the HAZ and the precipitation state of TiN.
- Ti/N is less than 1.50, HAZ toughness deteriorates due to the presence of solid solution N which is not fixed as TiN, and joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate.
- Ti/N is greater than 5.00, the HAZ toughness deteriorates due to the precipitation of coarse TiN, and the joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate. Therefore, the range of Ti/N is set to 1.50 to 5.00.
- the lower limit is 1.80 and the upper limit is 4.50.
- Ceq 0.280% or more and 0.540% or less
- the carbon equivalent Ceq defined by the following formula (2) increases, the amount of structures with poor toughness such as island martensite and bainite in the HAZ structure increases. Toughness deteriorates. That is, if the Ceq is greater than 0.540%, the required joint CTOD characteristics cannot be satisfied even if the HAZ toughness improvement technique using inclusions is used due to the deterioration of the toughness of the HAZ base structure itself.
- the Ceq is less than 0.280%, the target strength cannot be secured. Therefore, the range of Ceq is set to 0.280 to 0.540%.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.300% and the upper limit is 0.500%.
- Ceq(%) [C]+[Mn]/6+([Cu]+[Ni])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5 (2)
- Pcm 0.250% or less As the weld crack susceptibility index Pcm defined by the following formula (3) increases, structures with poor toughness such as island martensite and bainite in the HAZ structure increase, and as a result, the HAZ toughness deteriorates. do. If Pcm exceeds 0.250%, the necessary joint CTOD characteristics cannot be obtained due to deterioration in the toughness of the HAZ base structure itself. Therefore, Pcm is made 0.250% or less. Preferably, it is 0.240% or less. On the other hand, the lower limit is not particularly limited, but if Pcm is excessively reduced, the value of Ceq becomes too low, so about 0.140% is preferable.
- Pcm (%) [C] + [Si] / 30 + ([Mn] + [Cu] + [Cr]) / 20 + [Ni] / 60 + [Mo] / 15 + [V] / 10 + 5 [B] (3 )
- the parentheses in the above formulas (1) to (3) all represent the content (% by mass) of the element shown in the parentheses, and are zero when the element is not contained.
- Average effective grain size at the center of plate thickness 20 ⁇ m or less
- the average effective grain size of the microstructure at the plate thickness center of a steel plate having a thickness of more than 100 mm is set to 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the "effective crystal grain size" in the present invention is defined as the circle-equivalent diameter of a crystal grain surrounded by grain boundaries with an orientation difference of 15° or more from adjacent crystal grains, that is, large-angle grain boundaries. Also, the average effective crystal grain size at the central portion of the plate thickness can be measured by the method described in the examples below.
- Porosity number density 0.10/mm 2 or less
- the porosity remaining in the steel sheet serves as a starting point for fracture, and deteriorates the joint CTOD characteristics.
- the number of porosities with an equivalent circle diameter of 180 ⁇ m or more in the steel sheet per 1 mm 2 exceeds 0.10, the cracks in the joint CTOD test It is extremely likely that the cleft displacement ( ⁇ ) will be an insufficient value.
- the higher the number density of porosities the lower the yield strength at the plate thickness center position of the base material. Therefore, it is important to set the number density of the porosities to 0.10/mm 2 or less.
- the porosity number density in the present invention refers to the average number density of the total thickness x the total width in a thickness direction cross section (a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction) parallel to the plate width direction of a thick steel plate.
- the number density of the porosity can be measured by the method described in the examples below, but the measurement method is not limited to the method described in the examples, and can be measured using a known measurement method. can.
- the measurement frequency of such porosity number density may be determined by measuring 1 to 2 cross sections of any one steel sheet among steel sheets having the same smelting conditions and the same rolling conditions. As long as the smelting method and rolling conditions of the steel slab are not changed, the porosity number density can be produced with good reproducibility, so it can be said that the measurement results at the above measurement frequency represent the whole.
- the temperature in the following description is the temperature at the center of the sheet thickness unless otherwise specified.
- the plate thickness center temperature can be actually measured as in the examples described later, but in an actual production line or the like, it may be obtained by heat transfer calculation from the steel plate surface temperature measured with a radiation thermometer.
- the method for melting the steel slab is not particularly limited, and any known melting method such as a converter, an electric furnace, or a vacuum melting furnace is suitable. Such billets are produced, for example, by continuous casting. Further, the molten steel obtained by melting such steel slabs may be further subjected to secondary refining such as ladle refining.
- the steel slab manufactured as described above is heated to 990° C. or higher and 1200° C. or lower. If the heating temperature is lower than 990° C., the conditions for hot rolling described below cannot be satisfied, and sufficient effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the heating temperature is higher than 1200° C., the austenite grains become coarse and the desired fine grain structure cannot be obtained after controlled rolling. Therefore, the heating temperature range is set to 990° C. or higher and 1200° C. or lower. Preferably, the lower limit temperature is 990°C and the upper limit temperature is 1180°C.
- the rolling reduction / pass is 3% or more. is 30% or more.
- the average value of the ratio of the deformation resistance k fm (plate thickness center) at the center of the thickness of the steel plate and the surface deformation resistance k fm (surface) defined by the following equations (5) to (7) is 0.70 or less (equation (4)).
- rolling is performed at the timing when the temperature difference between the thickness center and the surface becomes an appropriate value according to the mass% of C.
- the average value of the deformation resistance ratio between the plate thickness central portion and the surface is set to 0.70 or less.
- [C] in formulas (5) to (7) is the mass% of C
- T k is the location where k fm is obtained, that is, the absolute temperature (K) at the center of the thickness or the surface of the steel plate
- h 0 is the entry side of the rolling
- h1 is the plate thickness on the delivery side
- n is the roll rotation speed (rpm)
- r is the rolling reduction
- R is the roll radius (mm).
- the surface temperature of the steel sheet can be measured with a radiation thermometer, and the temperature at the center of the thickness of the steel sheet can be measured as in the examples described later. It may be obtained by heat transfer calculation from the steel plate surface temperature.
- the average value of the deformation resistance ratio between the thickness center and the surface of the steel plate according to the above formula (4) exceeds 0.70, for a thick steel plate with a thickness of more than 100 mm, sufficient strain at the thickness center cannot be introduced, and porosity remains. As a result, the porosity number density cannot be reduced to 0.10/mm 2 or less. For this reason, the ratio of deformation resistance between the central part of the plate thickness and the surface of the steel plate is set to 0.70 or less, and the cumulative reduction ratio of the reduction when the reduction ratio/pass is 3% or more is set to 30% or more.
- the rolling in the non-recrystallization temperature range should be such that the cumulative rolling reduction is 40% or more, and the average value of the deformation resistance ratio between the thickness center and the surface of the steel sheet is 0.70 or less.
- the obtained hot-rolled steel sheet is cooled.
- Such cooling can be performed by any method, for example, water cooling, as long as the conditions described below are satisfied.
- Average cooling rate 1.0°C/s or more If the average cooling rate at the thickness center temperature is less than 1.0°C/s, a coarse ferrite phase occurs in the base metal structure, resulting in deterioration of SC/ICHAZ joint CTOD characteristics. do. Therefore, the average cooling rate at the plate thickness center position is set to 1.0° C./s or more. On the other hand, if the average cooling rate is higher than 50.0° C./s, the hard bainite phase increases to increase the strength of the base material and deteriorate the SC/ICHAZ joint CTOD characteristics. It is preferable to set it to 0° C./s or less.
- the average cooling rate from 700 ° C. to 500 ° C. is the average cooling rate, and this cooling stop temperature is higher than 500 ° C.
- the average cooling rate from 700° C. to the cooling stop temperature higher than 500° C. is taken as the average cooling rate.
- Cooling stop temperature 600°C or less
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is cooled to a cooling stop temperature of 600°C or less at the thickness center temperature. If the cooling stop temperature is higher than 600° C., the structure after transformation becomes coarse, the strength of the base material becomes insufficient, and the SC/ICHAZ joint CTOD characteristics deteriorate. Therefore, the cooling stop temperature is set to 600° C. or lower.
- tempering treatment Tempering temperature: 700° C. or less After stopping the cooling, further tempering treatment can be optionally performed. The tempering treatment can further improve the toughness of the base material. At that time, if the tempering temperature is higher than 700° C., a coarse ferrite phase is generated and the toughness of SCHAZ is deteriorated. Therefore, the tempering temperature is preferably 700° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 650° C. or less. Although the lower limit of the tempering temperature is not particularly limited, it can be about 300°C.
- any item not described in this specification can be used by a conventional method.
- thermocouples were attached to the center positions in the longitudinal direction, the width direction, and the plate thickness direction of the steel material to be rolled, and the temperature at the plate thickness center was actually measured. In addition, the surface temperature of the steel material was measured with a radiation thermometer.
- the average effective grain size, porosity number density, and yield strength were measured by the following methods.
- yield strength A tensile test was performed according to EN10002-1 to determine the yield strength (YS) at 1/4 and 1/2 positions of the plate thickness (t) of the steel plate.
- YS yield strength
- the upper yield point appeared in the tensile test, the upper yield stress was defined as the yield strength.
- 0.2% yield strength was taken as the yield strength.
- the steel plate satisfying the conditions of the present invention (Invention Example) satisfies the range of the invention in all of the manufacturing conditions, the effective crystal grain size of the base material, and the number density of porosity, and is 1/thickness.
- the yield strength at the 4th position and the plate thickness center position is 320 MPa or more, and both the CGHAZ CTOD value and the SC/ICHAZ boundary CTOD value are 0.30 mm or more at -40°C, indicating high strength and excellent joint CTOD characteristics. I had it.
- No. 42, 43 and 47 have a yield strength of less than 320 MPa at the 1/4 plate thickness position and the plate thickness center position.
- No. No. 20 has a yield strength of less than 320 MPa at the quarter thickness position and the thickness center position and a CTOD value of less than 0.30 mm at the SC/ICHAZ boundary.
- No. 52 has a yield strength of 320 MPa or more at the position of 1/4 of the plate thickness, but less than 320 MPa at the position of the center of the plate thickness.
- Other comparative examples have one or both of the CGHAZ CTOD value and the SC/ICHAZ boundary CTOD value of less than 0.30 mm. All comparative examples were inferior to the invention examples in base material strength and joint CTOD characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
この試験は、靭性評価部に疲労予き裂を導入した試験片を低温で3点曲げし、破壊直前のき裂の開口量(塑性変形量)を測定して脆性破壊の発生抵抗を評価するものである。
このため、多層盛溶接HAZの継手CTOD特性を向上させるためには、CGHAZ組織の靭性向上だけでなくICCGHAZ組織の靭性向上も必要である。
また、特許文献3では、CaS利用によるHAZ靭性向上技術と熱間圧延による母材靭性向上技術が提案されている。
加えて、特許文献5には、大入熱溶接熱影響部においてBNをフェライト変態核として利用し、HAZ組織を微細化し、HAZ靭性を向上させる技術が提案されている。
ところが、近年のエネルギ-需要の増加に対応して新たな資源を確保するために、海洋構造物等の建造地域が、これまで資源採掘を行えていなかった寒冷域および深海域にシフトしている。このため、高強度かつ厚肉で、API規格が定めるCTOD仕様温度よりもさらに低温のCTOD仕様温度(例えば-40℃程度)に対応できる鋼板に対する要求が増加している。
(1)スラブ製造過程で発生したポロシティは、圧延時に圧着されずに残存してしまうと、そこが鋼板内の欠陥となり破壊起点となることがある。特に、板厚中心部のポロシティを圧着するためには、圧延の際に板厚中心部に適切に歪みを導入することが必要であるが、板厚:100mm超の厚鋼板ではそれが困難になるため、未圧着の残存ポロシティが問題となる。しかし、発明者等の検討の結果、板厚中心温度が950℃以上の高温で、鋼板の板厚中心部と表面との変形抵抗比の平均値を0.70以下にしつつ、圧下率/パスが3%以上の圧下の累積圧下率を30%以上とする圧延を行うと、板厚中心部に十分な歪みを導入することができ、ポロシティを十分に圧着できることを見出した。
なお、本発明において、板厚中心部とは、板厚の中心から鋼板の両表面方向にそれぞれ板厚の10%の厚みを持った領域である。
(4)SC/ICHAZ境界で試験温度-40℃における継手CTOD特性を満足させるためには、SC/ICHAZ境界の継手CTOD特性に対し母材靭性が支配的となるため、母材ミクロ組織の有効結晶粒径を20μm以下として、結晶粒微細化により母材靭性を向上させる必要があることを見出した。
1.質量%で、C:0.02~0.12%、Si:0.70%以下、Mn:0.3~3.0%、P:0.050%以下、S:0.0050%以下、Al:0.002~0.100%、Ti:0.002~0.060%、N:0.0130%以下および、O:0.0100%以下を含み、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物であって、以下の(1)~(3)式を満たす成分組成を有し、
板厚中心部における平均有効結晶粒径が20μm以下であって、かつ鋼板における円相当径:180μm以上のポロシティが1mm2当たりの個数で0.10個以下である鋼板。
1.50≦Ti/N≦5.00 …(1)
0.280%≦Ceq(=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Cu]+[Ni])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5)≦0.540% …(2)
Pcm(=[C]+[Si]/30+([Mn]+[Cu]+[Cr])/20+[Ni]/60+[Mo]/15+[V]/10+5[B])≦0.250% …(3)
(ただし、(1)~(3)式における括弧は、括弧内の元素の含有量(質量%)を表し、当該元素が含有されない場合にはゼロとする)
前記1または2に記載の成分組成を有する鋼片を、990℃以上1200℃以下の範囲に加熱し、以下の(4)式の条件を満足し、かつ板厚中心の温度が950℃以上の圧延においては圧下率/パスが3%以上の圧下を累積圧下率で30%以上とし、板厚中心の温度が950℃未満の圧延においては累積圧下率を40%以上とする熱間圧延を行い、次いで、板厚中心の平均冷却速度を1.0℃/s以上で600℃以下の冷却停止温度まで冷却するに際し、上記冷却停止温度が500℃以下の場合は、700℃から500℃までの冷却速度の平均値を上記平均冷却速度とし、上記冷却停止温度が500℃よりも高い場合は、700℃から上記500℃よりも高い冷却停止温度までの冷却速度の平均値を上記平均冷却速度とする、鋼板の製造方法。
kfm(板厚中心)/kfm(表面)≦0.70 …(4)
(ここで、kfmは(5)式による)
[成分組成]
はじめに、本発明において厚鋼板および鋼片の成分組成を上記範囲に限定する理由を説明する。なお、成分組成に関する「%」は、特に断らない限り「質量%」を意味する。
C:0.02~0.12%
Cは、焼入れ性を高め、鋼の強度を向上させる元素であり、0.02%以上の含有を必要とする。しかし、0.12%を超えてCを過剰に含有すると、Cが濃化した部分の硬度が高くなり、継手CTOD特性が低下する。そのため、C含有量は0.02~0.12%の範囲とする。好ましくは下限が0.04%であって、上限が0.09%である。
Siは、不純物として不可避的に含まれる元素であり、また、強度を向上させる作用を有している。しかし、0.70%を超えてSiを過剰に含有すると、継手CTOD特性が低下する。そのため、Si含有量は上限を0.70%に制限する。好ましくは0.50%以下である。一方、下限は特に限定されないが0.04%程度が好ましい。
Mnは、鋼の焼入れ性の向上を介して母材および溶接部の強度を向上させる効果を有する元素である。かかる効果を得るためには0.3%以上の添加が必要である。好ましくは、0.5%以上である。一方、3.0%を超える添加は溶接性を低下させるだけでなく、焼入れ性が過剰となり、母材および溶接部の靭性を低下させるので、継手CTOD特性が劣化する。このためMn含有量は0.3~3.0%の範囲とする。好ましくは、2.8%以下である。
Pは、粒界を脆化させる効果が大きい元素であり、多量に添加するとHAZ靭性を低下させ、継手CTOD特性を低下させる。そのため、P含有量を0.050%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.030%以下である。一方、P含有量はできる限り低減することが望ましいので、P含有量の下限は特に限定されないが、過度の低P化は精錬時間の増加やコスト上昇を招く。そのため、P含有量は0.001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Sは、継手CTOD特性を低下させる元素であるため、S含有量の上限を0.0050%に制限する。好ましくは0.0030%以下である。一方、S含有量はできる限り低減することが望ましいので、S含有量の下限は限定されないが、過度の低S化は精錬時間の増加やコスト上昇を招く。そのため、S含有量は0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Alは、多層盛溶接HAZの靭性を改善し、継手CTOD特性を向上するための介在物形成に必要な元素であり、0.002%以上の添加が必要である。好ましくは、0.005%以上である。一方、0.100%を超えて過剰に添加すると低温域での継手CTOD特性が低下する。そのため、Al含有量は0.002~0.100%の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.075%以下である。
Tiは、TiNとして鋼中に析出する。析出したTiNは、母材およびHAZにおけるオ-ステナイト粒の粗大化を抑制する作用を有しており、HAZ組織が微細化し、継手CTOD特性が向上する。かかる効果を得るためには0.002%以上の添加が必要である。好ましくは、0.005%以上である。一方、Ti含有量が0.060%を超えると、固溶Tiや粗大TiCの析出により、かえって溶接熱影響部靭性が低下し、継手CTOD特性が劣化する。そのため、Ti含有量は0.002~0.060%の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.050%以下である。
Nは、HAZ靭性を低下させ、継手CTOD特性を劣化させる元素であるため、N含有量の上限を0.0130%に制限する。一方、N含有量はできる限り低減することが望ましいので、N含有量の下限は限定されないが、過度の低N化は精錬時間の増加やコスト上昇を招く。そのため、N含有量は0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。
Oは、HAZ靭性を低下させ、継手CTOD特性を劣化させる元素であるため、O含有量の上限を0.0100%に制限する。一方、O含有量はできる限り低減することが望ましいので、O含有量の下限は限定されないが、過度の低O化は精錬時間の増加やコスト上昇を招く。そのため、O含有量は0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。
また、本発明の他の実施形態においては、強度、母材靭性、継手靭性などのさらなる向上を目的として、上記成分組成に加え、Ni、Ca、Cu、Cr、Mo、Nb、V、W、B、REM、およびMgからなる群より選択される1種以上を、以下に示す含有量でさらに任意に含有することができる。
Niは、母材と継手の両方の靭性を大きく劣化させることなく厚鋼板を高強度化することができる元素であるが、Ni添加によって製造コストおよび環境負荷は増加する。従来は母材靭性と継手靭性を確保するためにNi含有が必須であった。しかしながら、本発明では変形抵抗比を制御した圧延を行うことにより、Niの含有なしで多層盛溶接継手CTOD特性に優れる、板厚が100mm超の高強度厚鋼板を製造可能になる。一方で、更なる靭性向上のためにNiを含有してもよい。その場合、2.0%以上のNi含有は過度な製造コストの増加および、環境負荷増加が問題となる。そのため、Ni含有量を2.0%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、1.8%以下である。一方、Niを添加する場合は0.1%以上が望ましい。
Caは、高温での安定性が高い酸硫化物を形成することで多層盛溶接HAZの靭性を向上させる元素であるが、0.0180%を超える含有は、かえって継手CTOD特性を低下させる。そのため、Ca含有量の上限を0.0180%に制限する。より好ましくは、0.0160%以下である。一方、Caを添加する場合は0.0002%以上が望ましい。
Cuは、母材、継手靭性を大きく劣化させることなく厚鋼板を高強度化することができる元素であるが、Cu含有量が2.00%を超えると、スケ-ル直下に生成するCu濃化層に起因する表面割れが問題となる。そのため、Cu含有量を2.00%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、1.50%以下である。一方、Cuを添加する場合は0.05%以上が望ましい。
Crは、鋼の焼入れ性の向上を介して強度を向上させる効果を有する元素であるが、Cr含有量が2.00%を超えると継手CTOD特性が低下するため、Cr含有量を2.00%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、1.50%以下である。一方、Crを添加する場合は0.05%以上が望ましい。
Moは、鋼の焼入れ性の向上を介して強度を向上させる効果を有する元素であるが、Mo含有量が2.00%を超えると継手CTOD特性が低下するため、Mo含有量を2.00%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、1.50%以下である。一方、Moを添加する場合は0.05%以上が望ましい。
Nbは、オ-ステナイト相の未再結晶温度域を広げる元素である。そのため、未再結晶域圧延を効率的に行い、微細組織を得るために、Nbの添加は有効である。Nbを添加する場合は0.005%以上が望ましい。一方、Nb添加量が0.070%を超えると継手CTOD特性が低下するため、Nb含有量を0.070%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、0.050%以下である。
Vは、母材の強度を向上させる元素であり、Vを添加する場合は0.01%以上が望ましい。一方、V含有量が0.20%を超えるとHAZ靭性が低下し、継手CTOD特性が劣化するため、V含有量を0.20%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、0.15%以下である。
Wは、母材の強度を向上させる元素であり、Wを添加する場合は0.05%以上が望ましい。一方、W含有量が0.50%を超えるとHAZ靭性が低下し、継手CTOD特性が劣化するため、W含有量を0.50%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、0.40%以下である。
Bは、極微量の含有で焼入れ性を向上させ、それにより鋼板の強度を向上させることができる元素であり、Bを添加する場合は0.0005%以上が望ましい。一方、B含有量が0.0050%を超えるとHAZ靭性が低下し、継手CTOD特性が劣化するため、B含有量を0.0050%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、0.0040%以下である。
REM(希土類金属)は、酸硫化物系介在物を形成することでHAZのオ-ステナイト粒成長を抑制し、HAZ靭性を向上させる元素であり、REMを添加する場合は0.001%以上が望ましい。一方、REM含有量が0.030%を超えると、母材靭性およびHAZ靭性がかえって低下し、継手CTOD特性が劣化する。そのため、REM含有量は0.030%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、0.025%以下である。
Mgは、酸化物系介在物を形成することで溶接熱影響部においてオ-ステナイト粒の成長を抑制し、溶接熱影響部靭性を改善する元素であり、Mgを添加する場合は0.0002%以上が望ましい。しかし、Mg含有量が0.0150%を超えると添加効果が飽和し、含有量に見合う効果が期待できずに経済的に不利となる。そのため、Mg含有量を0.0150%以下に制限する。より好ましくは、0.0100%以下である。
1.50≦Ti/N≦5.00 …(1)
Ti/Nは、HAZにおける固溶N量とTiNの析出状態を制御する。Ti/Nが1.50未満では、TiNとして固定されていない固溶Nの存在によりHAZ靭性が劣化し、継手CTOD特性が劣化する。一方、Ti/Nが5.00より大きいと粗大TiNの析出によりHAZ靭性が劣化し、継手CTOD特性が劣化する。よって、Ti/Nの範囲は1.50~5.00の範囲とする。なお、好ましくは下限が1.80であって、上限が4.50である。
以下の(2)式で定義される炭素当量Ceqが増加すると、HAZ組織中の島状マルテンサイトやベイナイトといった靭性の劣る組織量が増加する結果、HAZ靭性が劣化する。すなわち、Ceqが0.540%より大きいと、HAZの基地組織自体の靭性劣化のため、介在物によるHAZ靭性向上技術を用いても必要な継手CTOD特性を満足できない。一方、Ceqが0.280%より小さいと、目標の強度を確保できなくなる。よって、Ceqの範囲は0.280~0.540%とする。なお、好ましくは下限が0.300%であって、上限が0.500%である。
Ceq(%)=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Cu]+[Ni])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5 …(2)
以下の(3)式で定義される溶接割れ感受性指数Pcmが増加すると、HAZ組織中の島状マルテンサイトやベイナイトなど靭性の劣る組織が増加し、その結果、HAZ靭性が劣化する。Pcmが0.250%を超えると、HAZの基地組織自体の靭性劣化のため、必要な継手CTOD特性を得ることができない。そのため、Pcmを0.250%以下とする。好ましくは0.240%以下である。一方、下限は特に限定されないが、過度にPcmを減少しようとすると、Ceqの値が低くなりすぎてしまうため、0.140%程度が好ましい。
Pcm(%)=[C]+[Si]/30+([Mn]+[Cu]+[Cr])/20+[Ni]/60+[Mo]/15+[V]/10+5[B]…(3)
板厚中心部での平均有効結晶粒径:20μm以下
本発明では、板厚100mm超の厚鋼板の板厚中心部におけるミクロ組織の平均有効結晶粒径を20μm以下とする。偏析が存在しやすい板厚中心の結晶粒を上記のように微細化して母材靭性を向上させることにより、SC/ICHAZ境界の継手CTOD特性を向上させることができる。一方、平均有効結晶粒径は小さいほど有利となるため、その下限は特に限定されないが、通常は、1μm程度である。
ポロシティの個数密度:0.10個/mm2以下
前述したように、鋼板内に残存するポロシティは破壊起点となるため、継手CTOD特性を悪化させる。特に、鋼板における円相当径が180μm以上であるポロシティの、1mm2当たりの個数(本発明において、単に「ポロシティの個数密度」ともいう)が0.10個を超えると、継手CTOD試験における、き裂開口変位量(δ)が不十分な値となる可能性が極端に高くなる。また、ポロシティの個数密度が大きくなるほど、母材の板厚中心位置における降伏強度は低下する。そのため、前記ポロシティの個数密度を0.10個/mm2以下とすることが重要である。
次に、本発明における厚鋼板の製造方法について各条件の限定理由を以下に説明する。なお、以下の説明における温度は特に断らない限り、板厚中心の温度とする。なお、板厚中心温度は、後述する実施例のように実測することもできるが、実際の製造ラインなどにおいては、放射温度計で測定した鋼板表面温度から伝熱計算によって求めてもよい。
本発明において、鋼片の溶製方法は特に限定されず、転炉、電気炉、真空溶解炉などの公知の溶製方法のいずれもが適合する。かかる鋼片は、例えば連続鋳造法によって製造される。また、かかる鋼片を溶製した溶鋼にはさらに、取鍋精錬などの二次精錬を施してもよい。
上記の通り製造された鋼片を990℃以上、1200℃以下に加熱する。加熱温度が990℃よりも低いと、後述する熱間圧延の条件を満足することができず、十分な効果が得られない。一方、加熱温度が1200℃よりも高くなると、オ-ステナイト粒が粗大化し、制御圧延後に所望の細粒組織が得られなくなる。このため、加熱温度の範囲は990℃以上1200℃以下とする。好ましくは下限の温度が990℃であって、上限の温度が1180℃である。
熱間圧延は再結晶温度域と未再結晶温度域の両方における圧延条件を制御することが重要である。
再結晶温度域では950℃以上の圧延において、圧下率/パスが3%以上の圧下を鋼板の板厚中心部と表面との変形抵抗比の平均値が0.70以下の条件で累積圧下率が30%以上となるように行う。
本発明では、以下の(5)~(7)式で定義される鋼板の板厚中心部の変形抵抗kfm(板厚中心)と表面の変形抵抗kfm(表面)との比の平均値が0.70以下((4)式)とする。具体的には、ロール回転速度、ロール半径、ロールギャップを適切な値に調整しつつ、Cの質量%に応じて、板厚中心と表面の温度差が適切な値になるタイミングで圧延を行うことで、板厚中心部と表面との変形抵抗比の平均値を0.70以下にする。
kfm(板厚中心)/kfm(表面)≦0.70 …(4)
(ここで、kfmは(5)式による)
なお、鋼板の表面の温度は放射温度計によって測定でき、板厚中心の温度は、後述する実施例のように実測することもできるが、実際の製造ラインなどにおいては、放射温度計で測定した鋼板表面温度から伝熱計算によって求めてもよい。
ここで、950℃以上で行う圧延の目的は、再結晶によって組織を微細化するとともに、粗大な介在物を微細化、分散化させることに加え、ポロシティを圧着することである。すなわち、950℃未満の圧延では、再結晶が起こり難く、オ-ステナイト粒の微細化が不十分となる。
圧下率/パスが3%未満の圧延では、板厚中心部に十分な歪みを導入することができず、圧下率/パスが3%以上であっても圧下の累積圧下率が30%未満ではポロシティを十分に圧着できない。
未再結晶温度域、すなわち950℃未満の圧延では、鋼板の板厚中心部と表面との変形抵抗比の平均値は再結晶温度域と同じく0.70以下の条件とし、累積圧下率が40%以上となるように圧延を行う。
このため、未再結晶温度域での圧延は累積圧下率:40%以上、鋼板の板厚中心部と表面との変形抵抗比の平均値:0.70以下とする。
上記熱間圧延終了後、得られた熱延鋼板を冷却する。かかる冷却は、以下に述べる条件を満たす限り、任意の方法で行うことができ、例えば、水冷によって行うことができる。
板厚中心温度の平均冷却速度が1.0℃/s未満になると、母材組織に粗大なフェライト相が生じるためSC/ICHAZの継手CTOD特性が劣化する。このため、板厚中心位置での平均冷却速度を1.0℃/s以上とする。一方、前記平均冷却速度が50.0℃/sよりも大きいと、硬質なベイナイト相が増加することで母材強度が高くなりSC/ICHAZの継手CTOD特性が劣化するため、冷却速度は50.0℃/s以下とすることが好ましい。
前記冷却では、前記熱延鋼板を、板厚中心温度で600℃以下の冷却停止温度となるまで冷却する。前記冷却停止温度が600℃より高いと、変態後の組織が粗大になり、母材強度が不足するとともに、SC/ICHAZの継手CTOD特性が劣化する。このため、冷却停止温度は600℃以下とする。
焼戻し温度:700℃以下
前記冷却の停止後、さらに任意に焼戻し処理を行うことができる。焼戻し処理により、母材靭性をさらに向上させることができる。その際、焼戻し温度が700℃よりも高いと、粗大フェライト相が生成して、SCHAZの靭性が劣化する。そのため、焼戻し温度は700℃以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは650℃以下である。なお、焼戻し温度の下限は特に限定されないが、300℃程度とすることができる。
得られた鋼板から、該鋼板の長手方向、幅方向、および板厚方向における中心が測定位置となるようにサンプルを採取した。次いで、前記サンプルの表面を鏡面研磨した後、以下の条件でEBSP解析を行った。得られた結晶方位マップより、隣接する結晶粒との方位差が15°以上の大角粒界で囲まれた組織の円相当直径を求め、以下の解析領域における円相当直径の平均値を平均有効結晶粒径とした。
EBSP条件
・解析領域:板厚中心の1mm×1mm領域
・ステップサイズ:0.4μm
鋼板内部の欠陥の検出には、非破壊で検査できるため超音波探傷が用いられることが多いが、正確に欠陥部の状態を確認するため直接観察を行い、ポロシティの個数密度を測定した。まず、圧延材の板幅方向に平行な厚み方向断面(圧延方向に垂直な断面)における、観察面が全厚×全幅サイズとなる観察用のサンプルを板長の中心位置から採取し、鏡面研磨仕上げした。かかる鏡面研磨仕上げしたサンプルを光学顕微鏡にて観察して写真を撮影し、得られた写真を画像解析して、存在するポロシティ個々の円相当径を求めた。粒径が180μm以上のポロシティの数を測定面積(板厚×板幅)で割ることで、円相当径が180μm以上であるポロシティの、1mm2当たりの個数を求めた。
EN10002-1に従って引張試験を行い、厚鋼板の板厚(t)の1/4および1/2位置における降伏強度(YS)を求めた。前記引張試験には、板厚の1/4および1/2位置から板幅方向に平行となるよう採取した、平行部直径14mm、平行部長さ70mmの丸棒引張試験片を使用した。前記引張試験において上降伏点が現れた場合は上降伏応力を降伏強度とした。また、上降伏点が現れなかった場合には0.2%耐力を降伏強度とした。
継手CTOD試験に用いる溶接継手は、K開先形状、入熱量5.0kJ/mmのサブマージアーク溶接(多層盛溶接)により作製した。試験方法は、BS規格EN10225(2019)に準拠し、断面がt×t(tは板厚)の正方形である試験片を用いて、試験温度:-40℃におけるき裂開口変位量[CTOD値(δ)]を評価した。
以上の測定結果を、表2に併記する。
Claims (4)
- 質量%で、
C :0.02~0.12%、
Si:0.70%以下、
Mn:0.3~3.0%、
P :0.050%以下、
S :0.0050%以下、
Al:0.002~0.100%、
Ti:0.002~0.060%、
N :0.0130%以下、および
O :0.0100%以下を含み、
残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物であって、以下の(1)~(3)式を満たす成分組成を有し、
板厚中心部における平均有効結晶粒径が20μm以下であって、かつ鋼板における円相当径:180μm以上のポロシティが1mm2当たりの個数で0.10個以下である鋼板。
1.50≦Ti/N≦5.00 …(1)
0.280%≦Ceq(=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Cu]+[Ni])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5)≦0.540% …(2)
Pcm(=[C]+[Si]/30+([Mn]+[Cu]+[Cr])/20+[Ni]/60+[Mo]/15+[V]/10+5[B])≦0.250% …(3)
(ただし、(1)~(3)式における括弧は、括弧内の元素の含有量(質量%)を表し、当該元素が含有されない場合にはゼロとする) - 前記成分組成が、さらに、質量%で、
Ni:2.0%以下、
Ca:0.0180%以下、
Cu:2.00%以下、
Cr:2.00%以下、
Mo:2.00%以下、
Nb:0.070%以下、
V :0.20%以下、
W :0.50%以下、
B :0.0050%以下、
REM:0.030%以下および、
Mg:0.0150%以下からなる群より選択される1種または2種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の鋼板。 - 請求項1または2に記載の鋼板を製造する方法であって、
請求項1または2に記載の成分組成を有する鋼片を、990℃以上1200℃以下の範囲に加熱し、以下の(4)式の条件を満足し、かつ板厚中心の温度が950℃以上の圧延においては圧下率/パスが3%以上の圧下を累積圧下率で30%以上とし、板厚中心の温度が950℃未満の圧延においては累積圧下率を40%以上とする熱間圧延を行い、次いで、板厚中心の平均冷却速度を1.0℃/s以上で600℃以下の冷却停止温度まで冷却するに際し、上記冷却停止温度が500℃以下の場合は、700℃から500℃までの冷却速度の平均値を上記平均冷却速度とし、上記冷却停止温度が500℃よりも高い場合は、700℃から上記500℃よりも高い冷却停止温度までの冷却速度の平均値を上記平均冷却速度とする鋼板の製造方法。
kfm(板厚中心)/kfm(表面)≦0.70 …(4)
(ここで、kfmは(5)式による)
(ただし、式(5)~(7)における[C]はCの質量%、Tkは板厚中心または鋼板表面の絶対温度(K)、h0は圧延入側の板厚、h1は圧延出側の板厚、nはロール回転速度(rpm)、rは圧下率、Rはロール半径(mm)を表す) - 前記冷却停止温度まで冷却した後、700℃以下の温度で焼戻し処理を行う、請求項3に記載の鋼板の製造方法。
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- 2023-01-06 EP EP23749474.5A patent/EP4461838B1/en active Active
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| JPH0344417A (ja) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-02-26 | Nippon Steel Corp | 内質の優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板の製造方法 |
| JP2007302908A (ja) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-11-22 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 高張力鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2014038200A1 (ja) | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 溶接熱影響部ctod特性に優れた厚肉高張力鋼およびその製造方法 |
| WO2016035110A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 多層溶接継手ctod特性に優れた厚鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2018216665A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-11-29 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 厚鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2021182618A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 風力発電施設用鋼板およびその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2025182186A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-04 | ||
| WO2025182186A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-04 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 厚鋼板およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4461838A4 (en) | 2025-05-07 |
| KR20240134178A (ko) | 2024-09-06 |
| EP4461838A1 (en) | 2024-11-13 |
| JPWO2023149157A1 (ja) | 2023-08-10 |
| EP4461838B1 (en) | 2026-03-18 |
| JP7493140B2 (ja) | 2024-05-31 |
| CN118574945A (zh) | 2024-08-30 |
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