WO2023149491A1 - アンテナ装置、レーダ装置及び伝送装置 - Google Patents
アンテナ装置、レーダ装置及び伝送装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023149491A1 WO2023149491A1 PCT/JP2023/003295 JP2023003295W WO2023149491A1 WO 2023149491 A1 WO2023149491 A1 WO 2023149491A1 JP 2023003295 W JP2023003295 W JP 2023003295W WO 2023149491 A1 WO2023149491 A1 WO 2023149491A1
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- conductor pattern
- conductor
- substrate
- antenna device
- layer
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/2005—Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
- H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to antenna devices, radar devices, and transmission devices.
- Gap waveguides are attracting attention as waveguides used in antenna devices.
- a gap waveguide is easy to manufacture because it has low loss and does not need to be completely surrounded by a conductor unlike a waveguide.
- MRGW Magnetic Ridge Gap Waveguide
- ESG Electromagnetic Band Gap
- a compact and high-performance structure can be realized by using a narrow conductor pattern such as a microstrip line.
- a microstrip line for example, can be used as a transmission line for inputting/outputting signals between the MRGW and the IC chip for signal transmission/reception.
- the radio wave propagates on the substrate
- the microstrip line the radio wave propagates in the substrate, so a conversion structure is required to connect them.
- a conversion structure for example, a configuration in which a conductor block is provided so as to cover the substrate to form the MRGW, and the conductor block is connected to the substrate between the MRGW and the microstrip line is also conceivable.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above-described problems, and aims to provide an antenna device, a radar device, and a transmission device that can easily realize a configuration in which a waveguide and a transmission line are connected. do.
- An antenna device includes a substrate including a conductor layer, a first conductor pattern disposed on the surface of the substrate, a connection portion connecting the first conductor pattern to the conductor layer, and one end of which is the first conductor.
- a second conductor pattern connected to one end side of the pattern and having a length of approximately 1/4 or more of the operating wavelength, and a plurality of first electromagnetic bands arranged on both sides of the first conductor pattern in the longitudinal direction on the substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a radar device including an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radar device including an antenna device
- FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the device of FIG. 1 in which slots are formed in the conductor plate; The figure which shows the structure which removed the conductor plate in FIG. The figure which extracted and showed only the conductor plate in FIG. It is the perspective view which transparently showed a part of antenna apparatus.
- 1 is a plan view of part of an antenna device
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the AA cross section in FIG. 7; It is a top view which shows the structure of 1st conductor pattern vicinity.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the AA cross section in FIG. 7
- It is a top view which shows the structure of 1st conductor pattern vicinity.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the BB cross section in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the configuration of the first conductor pattern side of the second conductor pattern;
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing the structure of the CC section in FIG. 11;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the configuration of the third conductor pattern side of the second conductor pattern;
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the DD cross section in FIG. 13; It is a top view which shows the structure of 3rd conductor pattern vicinity.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of pass characteristics;
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an example of an antenna device according to modification 1;
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an example of an antenna device according to modification 2;
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an example of an antenna device according to modification 3;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an antenna device according to modification 4;
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view transparently showing an example of an antenna device according to Modification 5;
- FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing the structure of the FF section in FIG. 23;
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view transparently showing an example of an antenna device according to Modification 6;
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the GG cross section in FIG. 25;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radar device including an antenna device according to Modification 7;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radar device including an antenna device according to Modification 8;
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a vehicle control system;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a sensing area;
- Embodiments for implementing the present technology will be described below. The explanation is given in the following order. 1. Details of Embodiments of the Present Disclosure2. Modification 3. Overview of wireless communication device 4 . Configuration example of vehicle control system5. Summary 6. supplement
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a radar device including an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radar device 2000 including an antenna device 1000.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the portion of the device of FIG. 1 in which slots 240 are formed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the conductor plate 301 is removed from the configuration of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing only the conductor plate extracted from FIG.
- the direction in which the transmission line extends in the portion of the antenna device 1000 that functions as an antenna is defined as the X-axis direction.
- a direction parallel to the main surface (surface) of the antenna device 1000 and orthogonal to the X-axis direction is defined as a Y-axis direction.
- the direction (thickness direction) perpendicular to the main surface of the antenna device 1000 is defined as the Z-axis direction. That is, the direction orthogonal to both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is defined as the Z-axis direction.
- the antenna device 1000 includes a substrate 200 and a structure 300 including a gap waveguide.
- a structure 300 including a gap waveguide (hereinafter referred to as structure 300) is mainly composed of a portion of substrate 200 and conductor plate 301 arranged to face it.
- a portion of the substrate 200 that functions as the structure 300 is mainly a portion of the substrate 200 that is arranged to face the conductor plate 301 (the portion below the substrate 200 in the negative direction of the X-axis in FIG. 1).
- Radar device 2000 includes antenna device 1000 and IC chip 400 .
- the IC chip 400 functions as a radar transmission/reception circuit that causes the antenna device 1000 to transmit or receive radar waves.
- a substrate 200 has a conductor pattern 201 formed on one surface of a dielectric layer 202 .
- the conductor pattern 201 is formed by patterning a conductor foil (copper foil or the like) by etching or the like.
- a conductor layer 203 (ground layer) functioning as a ground is formed on the other surface of the dielectric layer 202 .
- the substrate 200 has a structure including the dielectric layer 202 and the conductor layer 203 .
- the conductor pattern 201, the dielectric layer 202 and the conductor layer 203 form a microstrip line.
- the conductor pattern 201 and the conductor layer 203 are electrically connected via vias 204 penetrating the dielectric layer 202 .
- a via 204 corresponds to an example of a connecting portion that connects the conductor pattern 201 to the conductor layer 203 .
- the conductor pattern 201 is grounded.
- a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap elements 205 and a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap elements 206 are arranged on both sides of the conductor pattern 201 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in the portion facing the conductor plate 301 (FIG. 1). reference).
- the plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap elements 205 and the plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap elements 206 are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, as shown in FIG. ing. By arranging many electromagnetic bandgap elements 205 and 206, it is possible to confine the electromagnetic field and improve the performance of the Gap Waveguide.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view transparently showing a part of the antenna device (structure of gap waveguide, conversion structure to be described later, microstrip line).
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of part of the antenna device (gap waveguide structure, conversion structure to be described later, microstrip line).
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the AA cross section in FIG. 6 to 8 schematically show the configuration of each part in order to facilitate understanding of the function of each part.
- the conductor pattern 201 arranged on the dielectric layer 202 includes a first conductor pattern 201A, a second conductor pattern 201B, and a third conductor pattern 201C.
- the first conductor pattern 201A, the second conductor pattern 201B and the third conductor pattern 201C are linearly and integrally formed in this order.
- the first conductive pattern 201A, the second conductive pattern 201B, and the third conductive pattern 201C extend along the X-axis direction as a whole on the upper surface (surface) of the dielectric layer 202, as shown in FIG. , are electrically connected.
- the second conductor pattern 201B has a width that narrows in two steps in the Z-axis direction, but it can have various shapes such as a shape that widens again after being narrowed.
- the conductor pattern 201 may be partially curved or partially extended in another direction.
- the conductor pattern 201 may extend from the IC chip 400 in the Y-axis negative direction and the conductor pattern 201 may extend from the IC chip 400 in another direction.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the conductor pattern 201 extends to the Y-axis negative direction side of the IC chip 400 .
- An antenna device similar to the antenna device 1000 shown on the X-axis direction side in FIG. 1 is provided on the Y-axis negative direction side of the conductor pattern 201 . Only one of the antenna devices may be provided, or both of them may be provided.
- the first conductor pattern 201A is arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 200 and electrically connected to the conductor layer 203 through a plurality of vias 204, as shown in FIG. Also, the first conductor pattern 201A is arranged parallel to the upper surface of the substrate 200 and corresponding to the X-axis direction (first direction), as shown in FIG. The first direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the first conductor pattern 201A. Also, the first conductor pattern 201A faces the conductor plate 301 (see FIG. 2).
- the second conductor pattern 201B is connected to the first conductor pattern 201A and arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 200, as shown in FIG. Unlike the first conductor pattern 201A, the second conductor pattern 201B is not electrically connected to the conductor layer 203 via the vias 204 .
- the second conductor pattern 201B is arranged parallel to the upper surface of the substrate 200 and corresponding to the X-axis direction (second direction), as shown in FIG.
- the second direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the second conductor pattern 201B.
- the second conductor pattern 201B is formed to have a length of approximately 1/4 or more of the operating wavelength (propagation wavelength) in order to sufficiently exhibit the function as a conversion structure, which will be described later.
- the second direction is the same or substantially the same as the first direction, but the second direction may be different from the first direction.
- the second conductor pattern 201B has a first portion 201B_1 and a second portion 201B_2.
- the first portion 201B_1 is a portion on the first conductor pattern 201A side.
- the second portion 201B_2 is a portion on the third conductor pattern 201C side and opposite to the first portion 201B_1.
- the conductor plate 301 has a shape (notch 303) in which the outer peripheral portion is notched.
- the first portion 201B_1 faces the conductor plate 301, but the second portion 201B_2 does not face the conductor plate 301.
- the entire third conductor pattern 201 ⁇ /b>C may face the conductor plate 301 without the conductor plate 301 having a shape in which the outer peripheral portion is notched.
- the width of the second conductor pattern 201B is formed to be narrower than the width of the first conductor pattern 201A in order to match the impedance. This can reduce transmission loss.
- the third conductor pattern 201C is connected to the second conductor pattern 201B and arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 200 in correspondence with the X-axis direction. Unlike the first conductor pattern 201A, the third conductor pattern 201C is not electrically connected to the conductor layer 203 via the vias 204 . Also, the third conductor pattern 201 ⁇ /b>C does not face the conductor plate 301 . Thereby, the third conductor pattern 201C functions as a transmission line 210 (hereinafter, line 210) together with the conductor layer 203 and the substrate (dielectric layer) 202.
- line 210 a transmission line 210
- the line 210 is a microstrip line, but it may be another type of line such as a coplanar line.
- Line 210 includes a third conductor pattern 201C connected to second conductor pattern 201B of structure 300 .
- FIG. A ground terminal of the IC chip 400 is connected to the conductor layer 203 via a via (connection portion) 203_P.
- the line 210 When receiving a signal by radio wave, the line 210 receives the signal of the radio wave propagated in the electric field between the second conductor pattern 201B, the conductor plate 301 and the conductor layer 203, and transmits the signal to the IC chip 400. When transmitting a signal by radio waves, the transmission line 210 transmits the signal from the IC chip 400 to the structure 300 via the electric field formed between the third conductor pattern 201C and the conductor layer 203 .
- the portion of the conductor layer 203 that faces the first conductor pattern 201A and the second conductor pattern 201B corresponds to the first conductor layer
- the portion of the conductor layer 203 that faces the third conductor pattern 201C (the conductor layer constituting the line) corresponds to the first conductor layer.
- the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer are integrally formed on the same layer of the substrate.
- the second conductor layer may be provided inside the dielectric layer 202, and the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer may be electrically connected through vias (see FIG. 28 described later). .
- the width of the third conductor pattern 201C is formed to be narrower than the width of the first conductor pattern 201A in order to match the impedance. This can reduce transmission loss. However, the width of the third conductor pattern 201C may be wider than the width of the first conductor pattern 201A.
- the dielectric layer 202 includes, for example, a fluorine substrate or a glass polyimide substrate.
- a material with a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent is preferably selected for the dielectric layer 202 in order to suppress the transmission loss of radio waves.
- the conductor layer 203 is arranged on the bottom surface of the substrate 200 .
- the conductor layer 203 is formed by patterning a conductor foil (copper foil or the like) on the other surface of the dielectric layer 202 . Note that the conductor layer 203 may be arranged on the entire bottom surface of the substrate 200 .
- the via 204 is formed in a columnar shape so that a conductive material such as copper penetrates through the dielectric layer 202 .
- the via 204 is formed, for example, by forming a via hole, which is a through hole, in the dielectric layer 202 and plating the via hole with copper or the like.
- the via 204 electrically connects the first conductor pattern 201A and the conductor layer 203 .
- a plurality of vias 204 are provided at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction. Thereby, the first conductor pattern 201A is electrically connected to the conductor layer 203 through the vias 204 in the longitudinal direction.
- the plurality of vias 204 can be arranged at intervals narrower than the intervals at which the first electromagnetic bandgap elements 205 are arranged, as shown in FIG. 6 as an example.
- the substrate 200 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has a single-layer structure, but it may be a multi-layer substrate including a conductor layer as an intermediate layer.
- a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap elements (hereinafter also simply referred to as "first EBG elements”) 205 are arranged on both sides along the longitudinal direction of the first conductor pattern 201A, as shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the first EBG element 205 is parallel to the substrate surface and perpendicular to the X-axis direction (first direction) on the first side and the second side of the first conductor pattern 201A. placed on the side. The first EBG element 205 is also arranged on the terminal side of the first conductor pattern 201A (the side opposite to the side connected to the second conductor pattern 201B), as shown in FIG.
- Each first EBG element 205 has a conductor piece 205A and a via 205B.
- Conductor piece 205A is provided on the surface of dielectric layer 202 .
- the via 205B electrically connects the conductor piece 205A and the conductor layer 203 .
- the via 205B is connected to the conductor piece 205A on the upper surface side of the substrate 200 and connected to the conductor layer 203 on the lower surface side of the substrate 200, as shown in FIG.
- the first EBG element 205 has a so-called mushroom structure in which the surface (upper surface) facing the conductor plate 301 has a larger outer shape, as shown in FIG.
- a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap elements (hereinafter also simply referred to as "second EBG elements") 206 are arranged on both sides along the longitudinal direction of the second conductor pattern 201B, as shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the second EBG element 206 is parallel to the substrate surface and perpendicular to the X-axis direction (second direction) on the first side and the second side of the second conductor pattern 201B. placed on the side.
- Each second EBG element 206 has a conductor piece 206A and a via 206B.
- Conductor piece 206A is provided on the surface of dielectric layer 202 .
- Via 206B electrically connects conductor piece 206A and conductor layer 203 .
- the via 206B is connected to the conductor piece 206A on the upper surface side of the substrate 200 and is connected to the conductor layer 203 on the lower surface side of the substrate 200, as shown in FIG.
- the second EBG element 206 has a mushroom structure as shown in FIG.
- the first EBG element 205 and the second EBG element 206 are assumed to have the same shape or structure in this example, the first EBG element 205 and the second EBG element 206 may have different shapes or different structures.
- the structure including the EBG elements 205 and 206 includes the outer shape (diameter) size of the conductor pieces 205A and 206A, the height (distance) of the gap between the conductor plate 301 and the substrate 200, the thickness of the substrate 200, and the dielectric layer. It has a resonant frequency based on the dielectric constant of 202 or the like. These factors are interrelated and depending on the desired resonant frequency, for example, the lower the operating frequency, the larger the EBG elements 205, 206 should be. The thinner the substrate, the larger the conductor pieces 205A and 206A need to be. Also, when the dielectric layer 202 is interposed, the conductor pieces 205A and 206A must be made smaller.
- the resonant frequency of the structure including the EBG elements 205, 206 is set to correspond to the operating band of radar waves.
- the sizes of the conductor pieces 205A and 206A are set so that the resonance frequency corresponds to the operating band of radar waves.
- the conductor pieces 205A and 206A can be configured to have an outer shape with a length that is approximately 1/4 of this wavelength or slightly shorter.
- the EBG elements 205 and 206 are arranged in line at an interval of, for example, approximately 1/4 wavelength of the transmission signal or shorter. Such a configuration can prevent the EBG elements 205 and 206 from leaking and spreading from the path along the conductor pattern 201 .
- the conductor plate 301 forming the structure 300 is a conductive plate material (for example, an aluminum plate or a copper plate).
- the conductor plate 301 is formed into a shape having functions described later by cutting, pressing, or etching.
- the conductor plate 301 faces the first conductor pattern 201A and the second conductor pattern 201B on the upper surface side of the substrate 200 . Therefore, the conductor plate 301 faces the first conductor pattern 201A and the second conductor pattern 201B in the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate 200. As shown in FIG. Moreover, the conductor plate 301 is arranged on the upper surface side of the substrate 200 so as to be separated from the substrate 200 . Therefore, the conductor plate 301 faces the substrate 200 via an air layer. In other words, the structure 300 has an air layer gap between the substrate 200 and the conductor plate 301 . In order to ensure the bandgap characteristics of the gap waveguide, the height (width) of the air layer is preferably narrower than 1/4 of the propagation wavelength.
- a slot 302 that is a rectangular through hole is formed in the conductor plate 301 .
- the slot 302 functions as a slot antenna that passes and radiates radio waves.
- the slot 302 is arranged at a position offset in the Y-axis direction with respect to the center of the first conductor pattern 201A (the center of the line).
- a slot 302 is formed for each first conductor pattern 201A (that is, for each line).
- a plurality of slots 302 may be formed for each first conductor pattern 201A, but one slot 302 is formed for each first conductor pattern 201A.
- You may also, the number of first conductor patterns 201A is not limited to a plurality, and may be one.
- the interval between adjacent slots 302 in the Z-axis direction is approximately 1/2 wavelength as an example, as shown in FIG.
- the length of the slot 302 in the X-axis direction is approximately 1/2 wavelength as an example, as shown in FIG.
- the slot 302 is used as a slot antenna for transmitting and receiving signals transmitted by radar waves.
- the slots 302 corresponding to the two rows of the first conductor patterns 201A on one side of the four rows in FIG. can do.
- slots 302 corresponding to all four first conductor patterns 201A may be used for either transmission or reception.
- each antenna device may be switched between transmission and reception.
- the conductor plate 301 has a notch 303 on its outer circumference at a position overlapping the conductor pattern 201 in the Z-axis direction (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the conductor plate 301 has a shape in which the outer peripheral portion facing the second portion 201B_2 of the second conductor pattern 201B is notched.
- the width of the notch 303 may be wider than the width of the second portion 201B_2.
- the notch 303 is provided in a portion that does not overlap with the EBG element 206 . In other words, the EBG element 206 is positioned outside the width of the notch 303 when viewed from the Z-axis direction.
- part of the outer periphery of the conductor plate 301 has a protrusion 304 that protrudes toward the substrate 200 by a predetermined length.
- the protrusions 304 can be provided at the corners of the conductor plate 301, as shown in FIG.
- a through hole 304A is provided in the protruding portion 304 .
- the conductor plate 301 is fitted with the through hole 304A and the projecting portion 207 provided on the substrate 200, and is further fixed with fasteners (not shown) such as screws.
- the conductor plate 301 is aligned with the substrate 200 by aligning and fixing the protrusions 207 and the through holes 304A. As a result, the slot 302 and the first conductor pattern 201A are aligned, and the notch 303 and the second portion 201B_2 of the second conductor pattern 201B are aligned.
- the height of the air layer described above can be set by the height of the protrusion 304 . It should be noted that instead of the projecting portion 304 , another member may be sandwiched between the substrate 200 and the conductor plate 301 .
- the IC chip 400 is, for example, an integrated circuit such as a system LSI (Large-Scale Integrated circuit) that functions as a radar transmission/reception circuit.
- the radar transmitting/receiving circuit may be configured using not only the IC chip 400 but also passive elements (not shown) or other semiconductor chips.
- the IC chip 400 can input and output signals via the line 210 including the third conductor pattern 201C. Accordingly, the IC chip 400 can transmit and receive signals (radio waves) via the antenna device 1000 .
- the IC chip 400 outputs a radar wave signal through the line 210 under the control of a signal processing circuit (not shown) during signal transmission. Thereby, the radar wave is transmitted from the antenna device 1000 .
- the antenna device 1000 receives a radar wave reflected by an object (target)
- the radar wave signal is input to the IC chip 400 via the line 210 .
- the radar device 2000 calculates the propagation time (or frequency change) of radar waves based on the output signal of the IC chip 400 and the input signal.
- the radar device 2000 calculates the distance and speed from the antenna device 1000 to the object (target) based on the propagation time (or frequency change).
- FIG. 9 to 16 illustrate each configuration in more detail to facilitate understanding of the function of each section.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the configuration around the first conductor pattern.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the structure of the BB section in FIG.
- the first conductor pattern 201A is connected through vias 204 to a conductor layer 203 functioning as a ground. Therefore, an electric field is not generated in the conductor layer 203, but is generated in the air layer between the first conductor pattern 201A and the conductor plate 301 as indicated by arrows in the figure.
- the electric field is confined between the substrate 200 and the conductor plate 301 to prevent lateral leakage and spread. can be done.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the configuration of the first conductor pattern side of the second conductor pattern (in particular, the first portion 201B_1 on which the conductor plate 301 exists directly above).
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing the structure of the CC section in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, unlike the first conductor pattern 201A, the second conductor pattern 201B is not connected to the conductor layer 203 via vias. Therefore, the electric field is generated between the second conductor pattern 201B and the conductor plate 301 (air layer) and between the second conductor pattern 201B and a portion of the conductor layer 203 facing the second conductor pattern 201B (a dielectric layer). layer 202).
- the second EGB elements 206 included in the rows on both sides near the second conductor pattern 201B among the rows of the EBG elements 206 along the X-axis direction are arranged at an appropriate distance closer than 1/4 wavelength. This suppresses the expansion of the electric field in the Y-axis direction.
- the width of the second conductor pattern 201B is narrower than the width of the first conductor pattern 201A for impedance matching.
- the width of the second conductor pattern 201B may be gradually narrowed toward the direction of the IC400 chip.
- the width of the second conductor pattern 201B may be gradually reduced starting from the width of the first conductor pattern 201A.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing the configuration of the third conductor pattern side of the second conductor pattern (in particular, the second portion 201B_2 where the conductor plate 301 does not exist directly above).
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the DD cross section in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, in the second conductor pattern 201B (the second portion 201B_2 where the conductor plate 301 does not exist directly above), between the edge portion of the conductor plate 301 contacting the notch 303 and the second conductor pattern 201B An electric field is generated.
- the EBG element 206 may be separated from the second conductor pattern 201B by the notch 303 of the conductor plate 301 .
- FIG. 15 is a plan view showing the configuration around the third conductor pattern.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the EE cross section in FIG.
- the third conductor pattern 201C constitutes the microstrip line 210 together with the dielectric layer 202 and the conductor layer 203.
- An electric field is mainly generated between the third conductor pattern 201C and a portion of the conductor layer 203 facing the third conductor pattern 201C.
- the structure 300 includes, as main components, the first conductor pattern 201A, the second conductor pattern 201B, the third conductor pattern 201C, the plurality of first EBG elements 205, and the plurality of second EBG elements. 206 and a conductor plate 301 having slots 302 .
- the first conductor pattern 201A connected to the conductor layer 203 via the via 204 is sandwiched between the first EBG elements 205 on both sides of the substrate 200 in the Y-axis direction.
- the first conductor pattern 201A is covered with the conductor plate 301 via an air layer. Thereby, it functions as a gap waveguide through which a signal propagates through the air layer above the first conductor pattern 201A.
- the gap waveguide in the embodiment of the present disclosure functions as a so-called MRGW because it is configured on the substrate 200 .
- the MRGW according to the embodiment of the present disclosure since the propagating signal mainly propagates through the air layer in the space between the conductor plate 301 and the substrate 200, the influence of substrate loss can also be reduced compared to the microstrip line.
- the second conductor pattern 201B connected to the first conductor pattern 201A is configured not to be connected to the conductor layer 203 via the via 204, and is sandwiched between the second EBG elements 206 on both sides of the substrate 200 in the Y-axis direction. Configuration. Specifically, the second conductor pattern 201B is sandwiched between EGBs arranged at a distance shorter than 1/4 wavelength on both sides in the Y-axis direction. Thereby, the structure functions as a conversion structure that propagates a signal by an electric field formed in the dielectric layer 202 of the substrate 200 around the second conductor pattern 201B. In addition, since the second conductor pattern 201B includes the second portion 201B_2 where the conductor plate 301 does not exist directly above, the electric field can be converted more efficiently.
- the third conductor pattern 201C connected to the second conductor pattern 201B is not connected to the conductor layer 203 via the via 204 and is not sandwiched between the EBG elements. 210, more specifically it functions as a microstrip line.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radar device including an antenna device 1000, showing propagation paths of radio waves. Signals are transmitted by propagation of radio waves as indicated by thick arrows in the figure. Specifically, radio waves (for example, radar waves) propagated and received inside the structure 300 through the slots 302 of the conductor plate 301 propagated through the air layer between the conductor plate 301 and the first conductor pattern 201A. After that, in the second conductor pattern 201B, it propagates to the underlying dielectric layer 202 as well. The received radio wave propagates through the dielectric layer 202 along the line 210 and is input to the IC chip 400 functioning as a radar receiving circuit.
- radio waves for example, radar waves
- a signal received by radio waves is first formed between the first conductor pattern 201A arranged on the substrate 200 including the conductor layer 203 and the conductor plate 301 facing the substrate 200. transmitted by an electric field (first electric field).
- first electric field After the signal is transmitted by the first electric field, the second conductor pattern 201B having a length of approximately 1/4 or more of the operating wavelength, which is connected to the first conductor pattern 201A, the conductor plate 301, and the conductor layer 203 A signal is transmitted by an electric field (second electric field) respectively formed between them.
- an electric field (second 3 electric field) to transmit the signal
- the transmission signal is transmitted by propagating radio waves in the opposite direction indicated by the thick arrow in FIG. Specifically, the radio wave propagates through the dielectric layer 202 along the line 210, and also propagates through the air layer between the second conductor pattern 201B and the first conductor pattern 201A. Then, in the first conductor pattern 201A, the radio wave propagates through the air layer between the conductor plate 301 and the first conductor pattern 201A and is radiated (transmitted) from the structure 300 via the slot 302.
- the conductor pattern 201 can be provided with An electric field can be generated along to achieve both propagation and conversion of radio waves.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing simulation results of pass characteristics.
- the simulation results shown in the figure were obtained using existing simulation software capable of performing electromagnetic field analysis based on the model of the structure 300 and the parameters of the frequency of the transmission signal.
- the length of the notch 303 of the conductor plate 301 in other words, the line length of the second portion 201B_2 of the second conductor pattern 201B
- the effective dielectric constant is 2.5 or less
- the frequency of the transmission signal is 74 GHz to 82 GHz. Note that such a frequency corresponds to a millimeter wave band frequency used in an on-vehicle radar.
- the structure 300 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has the line length of the second portion 201B_2 is 1.1 mm to 1.3 mm (the hatched portion in FIG. 18), the loss is small. That is, it was confirmed that the transmission characteristics were good.
- This line length corresponds to about 1/2 wavelength around the frequency of 74 GHz to 82 GHz.
- the line length with the smallest loss differs for each frequency. Therefore, by adjusting the line length of the second portion 201B_2 in the second conductor pattern 201B according to the frequency of the transmission signal, the loss of the transmission signal can be reduced and the antenna characteristics of the structure 300 can be improved. can be done.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing an example of a conversion structure from a microstrip line to an MRGW of an antenna device according to Modification 1.
- FIG. 1 the length of the first portion 201B_1 of the second conductor pattern 201B is shorter than that of the second portion 201B_2, but in Modification 1 shown in FIG. It is longer than the portion 201B_2.
- the second EBG element 206 is smaller than the first EBG element 205 and arranged densely.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view showing an example of a conversion structure from a microstrip line to MRGW of an antenna device according to Modification 2.
- FIG. 1 the width of the conductor pattern 201 gradually decreases from the first conductor pattern 201A to the third conductor pattern 201C. is continuously tapered in the direction from the first conductor pattern 201A to the third conductor pattern 201C.
- the second conductor pattern 201B tapers in the direction of the third conductor pattern 201C. According to this, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of dimensional errors when forming the conductor pattern 201 by etching, and it is possible to stably form the conductor pattern 201 with impedance matching.
- the second conductor pattern 201B is tapered toward the first conductor pattern 201A at a portion of the first conductor pattern 201A side, so that the width of the second conductor pattern 201B becomes equal to that of the first conductor. It can also be configured so as to taper toward the pattern 201A side.
- the width of the first portion 201B_1 may be the narrowest portion of the conductor pattern 201 in order to match the impedance.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view showing an example of a portion including a conversion structure from a microstrip line to an MRGW of an antenna device according to Modification 3.
- FIG. 21 the conductor pieces 205A and 206A of the EBG elements 205 and 206 have a circular outer shape in the Z-axis direction, but the conductor pieces 205A and 206A may have a rectangular outer shape in the Z-axis direction. Also, the outer shape of the conductor pieces 205A and 206A may be polygonal other than rectangular.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a portion including a microstrip line-to-MRGW conversion structure of an antenna device according to Modification 4.
- FIG. 305 a configuration example in which an air layer is provided between the substrate 200 and the conductor plate 301 has been described.
- the dielectric layer 305 may be made of a low-loss dielectric such as a foam material in order to suppress transmission loss of radio waves in the same manner as the dielectric layer 202 .
- the height of the gap between the substrate 200 and the conductor plate 301 can also be adjusted by the thickness of the dielectric layer 305 .
- the dielectric layer 305 may be used to bond the substrate 200 and the conductor plate 301 together.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view transparently showing an example of the MRGW structure according to Modification 5.
- FIG. FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing the structure of the FF section in FIG.
- the configuration example using the substrate 200 including the dielectric layer 202 was described, but the substrate 200 not including the dielectric layer 202 is used in Modified Example 5 shown in FIGS.
- the substrate 200 is formed by cutting an aluminum plate, for example.
- a conductor pattern 201 is formed on a conductor layer 203 in the X-axis direction.
- a conductor plate 301 is provided above the substrate 200 (positive direction of the Z-axis).
- a contact surface (contact portion) of the conductor pattern 201 with the conductor layer 203 corresponds to an example of a conductive connection portion that connects the conductor pattern 201 to the conductor layer 203 .
- a space (air layer) is formed between the conductor pattern 201 and the conductor plate 301 .
- a plurality of rectangular columnar EBG elements 208 are formed on the conductor layer 203 . These configurations act as Ridge Gap Waveguides.
- FIG. 23 shows only the portion related to the first conductor pattern 201A
- the portion related to the second conductor pattern and the portion related to the third conductor pattern can be formed in the same manner.
- the second conductor pattern extends in the negative direction of the X-axis so as to be connected to only a portion of the conductor pattern 201 in the Z-axis direction (only the upper portion of the conductor pattern 201 along the Z-axis direction) in FIG.
- a space is formed between the two conductor patterns and each of the conductor plate 301 and the substrate 200 . Thereby, an electric field can be formed between the second conductor pattern, the substrate 200 and the conductor plate 301, respectively.
- a third conductor pattern is provided to extend from the second conductor pattern and to form a space between the conductor plate 301 and an electric field to be formed between the third conductor pattern and the conductor plate 301.
- the third conductor pattern is connected to the signal terminal of the IC chip directly or through a wire or the like. Also, the ground terminal of the IC chip and the substrate 200 are electrically connected by a wire or the like.
- the EBG element 208 prevents lateral leakage of the electric field.
- the height (thickness) of the conductor pattern 201 on the conductor layer 203 may be zero.
- FIG. 25 is a perspective view transparently showing an example of the antenna device according to Modification 6.
- FIG. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the GG section in FIG. Modification 6 shown in FIGS. 25 and 26 includes a substrate 200 on which a plurality of rectangular columnar EBG elements 208 are provided, a substrate 209 (for example, a dielectric substrate) on which conductor patterns 201 are arranged, and a conductor plate 301. include.
- the portion related to the first conductor pattern 201A is shown, and the illustration of the portions related to the second and third conductor patterns is omitted.
- Substrate 200 does not include dielectric layer 202 . These configurations act as Inverted Microstrip Gap Waveguides.
- the conductor pattern 201 is connected to a second conductor pattern (not shown) in the negative direction of the X-axis, and the second conductor pattern can form an electric field between the conductor plate 301 and the conductor layer 203 . Furthermore, the second conductor pattern is connected to a line including the third conductor pattern (not shown).
- an electric field is generated in the air layer between the conductor pattern 201 on the substrate 209 and the conductor plate 301 .
- the conductor pattern 201 can also be connected to the conductor layer 203 at a location not shown.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radar device 2000 including an antenna device 1000 according to Modification 7.
- the third conductor pattern 201C is integrally connected to the second conductor pattern 201B.
- the third conductor pattern 201C is physically separated from the second conductor pattern 201B and arranged so as to be electrically coupled with the second conductor pattern 201B. This makes it possible to separate the DC (direct current) component.
- the third conductor pattern 201C is electrically connected to the second conductor pattern 201B in this way, it is possible to connect the third conductor pattern 201C not only by direct connection but also by electric field coupling.
- the term "electrically connected” includes not only a state of conduction through physical contact or connection, but also an indirect connection such as electrons flying around in space.
- the third conductor pattern 201C includes a body portion 201C_1, a connection portion (via) 201C_2, and a tip portion 201C_3.
- the body portion 201C_1 is connected to the tip portion 201C_3 via the connection portion 201C_2.
- the tip portion 201C_3 is arranged inside the dielectric layer 202, and the connection portion 201C_2 connects the tip portion 201C_3 and the body portion 201C_1 on the surface of the substrate 200.
- the tip portion 201C_3 overlaps the second conductor pattern 201B in the Z-axis direction, and is capable of electric field coupling with the second conductor pattern 201B.
- the received radio wave is first propagated by the electric field between the first conductor pattern 201A and the conductor plate 203, and then propagated by the electric field between the second conductor pattern 201B and each of the conductor plate 301 and the conductor layer 203. be done. Next, this radio wave is transmitted by the electric field between the tip portion 201C_3 and the conductor layer 203, and finally propagated by the electric field between the body portion 201C_1 and the conductor layer 203. Thus, even if the third conductor pattern 201C is not connected to the second conductor pattern 201B, the signal of the received radio wave can be transmitted to the IC chip 400 with a simple configuration.
- the conductor layer 203 includes a conductor layer 203_1 (first conductor layer) and a conductor layer 203_2 (second conductor layer).
- the conductor layer 203_1 is a portion of the conductor layer 203 that faces the first conductor pattern 201A and the second conductor pattern 201B
- the conductor layer 203_2 is a portion that faces the third conductor pattern 201C.
- the conductor layers 203_1 and 203_2 are provided inside the dielectric layer 202 and are electrically connected via an interlayer connection portion 203C (for example, a via).
- the conductor layer 203_2 forms the line 210 with the third conductor pattern 201C and the dielectric layer 202 .
- Line 210 is a microstrip line, but other types of lines such as coplanar lines may be formed. Even when the conductor layer 203 is composed of a plurality of layers in this way, it is possible to transmit the signal of the received radio wave to the IC chip 400 with a simple configuration. In addition, this structure can realize a structure that performs impedance conversion between the gap waveguide side and the chip side. Note that another conductor layer may be separately provided on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 202 (the surface in the negative direction of the Z-axis).
- the IC chip 400 in the radio communication device 3000 has a function as a radio communication circuit that causes the antenna device 1000 to transmit or receive a radio signal used in, for example, a 5G communication system instead of or in addition to the function as a radar transmission/reception circuit. Also, the wireless communication device 3000 transmits and receives radio waves for wireless communication via the antenna device 1000 . The wireless communication device 3000 may transmit or receive signals for wireless communication using beams.
- the IC chip 400 modulates a baseband signal output from a signal processing circuit (not shown), and radiates (transmits) the modulated wireless signal via the antenna device 1000 .
- IC chip 400 functioning as a wireless communication circuit demodulates a wireless signal received by antenna device 1000 and outputs a demodulated baseband signal to a signal processing circuit.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a vehicle control system 11, which is an example of a mobile device control system to which the present technology is applied.
- the vehicle control system 11 is provided in the vehicle 1 and performs processing related to driving support and automatic driving of the vehicle 1.
- the vehicle control system 11 includes a vehicle control ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 21, a communication unit 22, a map information storage unit 23, a position information acquisition unit 24, an external recognition sensor 25, an in-vehicle sensor 26, a vehicle sensor 27, a storage unit 28, a travel Assistance/automatic driving control unit 29 , DMS (Driver Monitoring System) 30 , HMI (Human Machine Interface) 31 , and vehicle control unit 32 .
- vehicle control ECU Electronic Control Unit
- communication unit 22 includes a vehicle control ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 21, a communication unit 22, a map information storage unit 23, a position information acquisition unit 24, an external recognition sensor 25, an in-vehicle sensor 26, a vehicle sensor 27, a storage unit 28, a travel Assistance/automatic driving control unit 29 , DMS (Driver Monitoring System) 30 , HMI (Human Machine Interface) 31 , and vehicle control unit 32 .
- HMI Human Machine Interface
- Vehicle control ECU 21, communication unit 22, map information storage unit 23, position information acquisition unit 24, external recognition sensor 25, in-vehicle sensor 26, vehicle sensor 27, storage unit 28, driving support/automatic driving control unit 29, driver monitoring system ( DMS) 30 , human machine interface (HMI) 31 , and vehicle control unit 32 are connected via a communication network 41 so as to be able to communicate with each other.
- the communication network 41 is, for example, a CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), LAN (Local Area Network), FlexRay (registered trademark), Ethernet (registered trademark), and other digital two-way communication standards. It is composed of a communication network, a bus, and the like.
- the communication network 41 may be used properly depending on the type of data to be transmitted.
- CAN may be applied to data related to vehicle control
- Ethernet may be applied to large-capacity data.
- each part of the vehicle control system 11 performs wireless communication assuming relatively short-range communication such as near-field wireless communication (NFC (Near Field Communication)) or Bluetooth (registered trademark) without going through the communication network 41. may be connected directly using NFC (Near Field Communication)) or Bluetooth (registered trademark) without going through the communication network 41. may be connected directly using NFC (Near Field Communication)
- Bluetooth registered trademark
- the vehicle control ECU 21 is composed of various processors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an MPU (Micro Processing Unit).
- the vehicle control ECU 21 controls the functions of the entire vehicle control system 11 or a part thereof.
- the communication unit 22 communicates with various devices inside and outside the vehicle, other vehicles, servers, base stations, etc., and transmits and receives various data. At this time, the communication unit 22 can perform communication using a plurality of communication methods.
- the communication with the outside of the vehicle that can be performed by the communication unit 22 will be described schematically.
- the communication unit 22 is, for example, 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), LTE (Long Term Evolution), DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications), etc., via a base station or access point, on the external network communicates with a server (hereinafter referred to as an external server) located in the external network.
- the external network with which the communication unit 22 communicates is, for example, the Internet, a cloud network, or a provider's own network.
- the communication method that the communication unit 22 performs with the external network is not particularly limited as long as it is a wireless communication method that enables digital two-way communication at a communication speed of a predetermined value or more and a distance of a predetermined value or more.
- the communication unit 22 can communicate with a terminal located near the vehicle using P2P (Peer To Peer) technology.
- Terminals in the vicinity of one's own vehicle are, for example, terminals worn by pedestrians, bicycles, and other moving objects that move at relatively low speeds, terminals installed at fixed locations in stores, etc., or MTC (Machine Type Communication) terminal.
- the communication unit 22 can also perform V2X communication.
- V2X communication includes, for example, vehicle-to-vehicle communication with other vehicles, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication with roadside equipment, etc., and vehicle-to-home communication , and communication between the vehicle and others, such as vehicle-to-pedestrian communication with a terminal or the like possessed by a pedestrian.
- the communication unit 22 can receive from the outside a program for updating the software that controls the operation of the vehicle control system 11 (Over The Air).
- the communication unit 22 can also receive map information, traffic information, information around the vehicle 1, and the like from the outside.
- the communication unit 22 can transmit information about the vehicle 1, information about the surroundings of the vehicle 1, and the like to the outside.
- the information about the vehicle 1 that the communication unit 22 transmits to the outside includes, for example, data indicating the state of the vehicle 1, recognition results by the recognition unit 73, and the like.
- the communication unit 22 performs communication corresponding to a vehicle emergency call system such as e-call.
- the communication unit 22 receives electromagnetic waves transmitted by a road traffic information communication system (VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) (registered trademark)) such as radio wave beacons, optical beacons, and FM multiplex broadcasting.
- VICS Vehicle Information and Communication System
- radio wave beacons such as radio wave beacons, optical beacons, and FM multiplex broadcasting.
- the communication with the inside of the vehicle that can be performed by the communication unit 22 will be described schematically.
- the communication unit 22 can communicate with each device in the vehicle using, for example, wireless communication.
- the communication unit 22 performs wireless communication with devices in the vehicle using a communication method such as wireless LAN, Bluetooth, NFC, and WUSB (Wireless USB) that enables digital two-way communication at a communication speed higher than a predetermined value. can be done.
- the communication unit 22 can also communicate with each device in the vehicle using wired communication.
- the communication unit 22 can communicate with each device in the vehicle by wired communication via a cable connected to a connection terminal (not shown).
- the communication unit 22 performs digital two-way communication at a predetermined communication speed or higher through wired communication such as USB (Universal Serial Bus), HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) (registered trademark), and MHL (Mobile High-definition Link). can communicate with each device in the vehicle.
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface
- MHL Mobile High-definition Link
- equipment in the vehicle refers to equipment that is not connected to the communication network 41 in the vehicle, for example.
- in-vehicle devices include mobile devices and wearable devices possessed by passengers such as drivers, information devices that are brought into the vehicle and temporarily installed, and the like.
- the map information accumulation unit 23 accumulates one or both of the map obtained from the outside and the map created by the vehicle 1. For example, the map information accumulation unit 23 accumulates a three-dimensional high-precision map, a global map covering a wide area, and the like, which is lower in accuracy than the high-precision map.
- High-precision maps are, for example, dynamic maps, point cloud maps, vector maps, etc.
- the dynamic map is, for example, a map consisting of four layers of dynamic information, quasi-dynamic information, quasi-static information, and static information, and is provided to the vehicle 1 from an external server or the like.
- a point cloud map is a map composed of a point cloud (point cloud data).
- a vector map is, for example, a map adapted to ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) and AD (Autonomous Driving) by associating traffic information such as lane and traffic signal positions with a point cloud map.
- the point cloud map and the vector map may be provided from an external server or the like, and based on the sensing results of the camera 51, radar 52, LiDAR 53, etc., as a map for matching with a local map described later. It may be created by the vehicle 1 and stored in the map information storage unit 23 . Further, when a high-precision map is provided from an external server or the like, in order to reduce the communication capacity, map data of, for example, several hundred meters square, regarding the planned route that the vehicle 1 will travel from now on, is acquired from the external server or the like. .
- the position information acquisition unit 24 receives GNSS signals from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites and acquires position information of the vehicle 1 .
- the acquired position information is supplied to the driving support/automatic driving control unit 29 .
- the location information acquisition unit 24 is not limited to the method using GNSS signals, and may acquire location information using beacons, for example.
- the external recognition sensor 25 includes various sensors used for recognizing situations outside the vehicle 1 and supplies sensor data from each sensor to each part of the vehicle control system 11 .
- the type and number of sensors included in the external recognition sensor 25 are arbitrary.
- the external recognition sensor 25 includes a camera 51, a radar 52, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging, Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) 53, and an ultrasonic sensor 54.
- the configuration is not limited to this, and the external recognition sensor 25 may be configured to include one or more types of sensors among the camera 51, radar 52, LiDAR 53, and ultrasonic sensor .
- the numbers of cameras 51 , radars 52 , LiDARs 53 , and ultrasonic sensors 54 are not particularly limited as long as they are realistically installable in the vehicle 1 .
- the type of sensor provided in the external recognition sensor 25 is not limited to this example, and the external recognition sensor 25 may be provided with other types of sensors. An example of the sensing area of each sensor included in the external recognition sensor 25 will be described later.
- the imaging method of the camera 51 is not particularly limited.
- cameras of various types such as a ToF (Time Of Flight) camera, a stereo camera, a monocular camera, and an infrared camera, which are capable of distance measurement, can be applied to the camera 51 as necessary.
- the camera 51 is not limited to this, and may simply acquire a photographed image regardless of distance measurement.
- the external recognition sensor 25 can include an environment sensor for detecting the environment with respect to the vehicle 1.
- the environment sensor is a sensor for detecting the environment such as weather, weather, brightness, etc., and can include various sensors such as raindrop sensors, fog sensors, sunshine sensors, snow sensors, and illuminance sensors.
- the external recognition sensor 25 includes a microphone used for detecting the sound around the vehicle 1 and the position of the sound source.
- the in-vehicle sensor 26 includes various sensors for detecting information inside the vehicle, and supplies sensor data from each sensor to each part of the vehicle control system 11 .
- the types and number of various sensors included in the in-vehicle sensor 26 are not particularly limited as long as they are the types and number that can be realistically installed in the vehicle 1 .
- the in-vehicle sensor 26 can include one or more sensors among cameras, radars, seating sensors, steering wheel sensors, microphones, and biosensors.
- the camera provided in the in-vehicle sensor 26 for example, cameras of various shooting methods capable of distance measurement, such as a ToF camera, a stereo camera, a monocular camera, and an infrared camera, can be used.
- the camera included in the in-vehicle sensor 26 is not limited to this, and may simply acquire a photographed image regardless of distance measurement.
- the biosensors included in the in-vehicle sensor 26 are provided, for example, on a seat, a steering wheel, or the like, and detect various biometric information of a passenger such as a driver.
- the vehicle sensor 27 includes various sensors for detecting the state of the vehicle 1, and supplies sensor data from each sensor to each section of the vehicle control system 11.
- the types and number of various sensors included in the vehicle sensor 27 are not particularly limited as long as the types and number are practically installable in the vehicle 1 .
- the vehicle sensor 27 includes a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an angular velocity sensor (gyro sensor), and an inertial measurement unit (IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)) integrating them.
- the vehicle sensor 27 includes a steering angle sensor that detects the steering angle of the steering wheel, a yaw rate sensor, an accelerator sensor that detects the amount of operation of the accelerator pedal, and a brake sensor that detects the amount of operation of the brake pedal.
- the vehicle sensor 27 includes a rotation sensor that detects the number of rotations of an engine or a motor, an air pressure sensor that detects tire air pressure, a slip rate sensor that detects a tire slip rate, and a wheel speed sensor that detects the rotational speed of a wheel.
- a sensor is provided.
- the vehicle sensor 27 includes a battery sensor that detects the remaining battery level and temperature, and an impact sensor that detects external impact.
- the storage unit 28 includes at least one of a nonvolatile storage medium and a volatile storage medium, and stores data and programs.
- the storage unit 28 is used as, for example, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory), and storage media include magnetic storage devices such as HDD (Hard Disc Drive), semiconductor storage devices, optical storage devices, And a magneto-optical storage device can be applied.
- the storage unit 28 stores various programs and data used by each unit of the vehicle control system 11 .
- the storage unit 28 includes an EDR (Event Data Recorder) and a DSSAD (Data Storage System for Automated Driving), and stores information of the vehicle 1 before and after an event such as an accident and information acquired by the in-vehicle sensor 26.
- EDR Event Data Recorder
- DSSAD Data Storage System for Automated Driving
- the driving support/automatic driving control unit 29 controls driving support and automatic driving of the vehicle 1 .
- the driving support/automatic driving control unit 29 includes an analysis unit 61 , an action planning unit 62 and an operation control unit 63 .
- the analysis unit 61 analyzes the vehicle 1 and its surroundings.
- the analysis unit 61 includes a self-position estimation unit 71 , a sensor fusion unit 72 and a recognition unit 73 .
- the self-position estimation unit 71 estimates the self-position of the vehicle 1 based on the sensor data from the external recognition sensor 25 and the high-precision map accumulated in the map information accumulation unit 23. For example, the self-position estimation unit 71 generates a local map based on sensor data from the external recognition sensor 25, and estimates the self-position of the vehicle 1 by matching the local map and the high-precision map.
- the position of the vehicle 1 is based on, for example, the center of the rear wheel versus axle.
- a local map is, for example, a three-dimensional high-precision map created using techniques such as SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), an occupancy grid map, or the like.
- the three-dimensional high-precision map is, for example, the point cloud map described above.
- the occupancy grid map is a map that divides the three-dimensional or two-dimensional space around the vehicle 1 into grids (lattice) of a predetermined size and shows the occupancy state of objects in grid units.
- the occupancy state of an object is indicated, for example, by the presence or absence of the object and the existence probability.
- the local map is also used, for example, by the recognizing unit 73 for detection processing and recognition processing of the situation outside the vehicle 1 .
- the self-position estimation unit 71 may estimate the self-position of the vehicle 1 based on the position information acquired by the position information acquisition unit 24 and the sensor data from the vehicle sensor 27.
- the sensor fusion unit 72 combines a plurality of different types of sensor data (for example, image data supplied from the camera 51 and sensor data supplied from the radar 52) to perform sensor fusion processing to obtain new information.
- Methods for combining different types of sensor data include integration, fusion, federation, and the like.
- the recognition unit 73 executes a detection process for detecting the situation outside the vehicle 1 and a recognition process for recognizing the situation outside the vehicle 1 .
- the recognition unit 73 performs detection processing and recognition processing of the external situation of the vehicle 1 based on information from the external recognition sensor 25, information from the self-position estimation unit 71, information from the sensor fusion unit 72, and the like. .
- the recognition unit 73 performs detection processing and recognition processing of objects around the vehicle 1 .
- Object detection processing is, for example, processing for detecting the presence or absence, size, shape, position, movement, and the like of an object.
- Object recognition processing is, for example, processing for recognizing an attribute such as the type of an object or identifying a specific object.
- detection processing and recognition processing are not always clearly separated, and may overlap.
- the recognition unit 73 detects objects around the vehicle 1 by clustering the point cloud based on sensor data from the radar 52 or the LiDAR 53 or the like for each cluster of point groups. As a result, presence/absence, size, shape, and position of objects around the vehicle 1 are detected.
- the recognition unit 73 detects the movement of objects around the vehicle 1 by performing tracking that follows the movement of the masses of point groups classified by clustering. As a result, the speed and traveling direction (movement vector) of the object around the vehicle 1 are detected.
- the recognition unit 73 detects or recognizes vehicles, people, bicycles, obstacles, structures, roads, traffic lights, traffic signs, road markings, etc. based on image data supplied from the camera 51 . Further, the recognition unit 73 may recognize types of objects around the vehicle 1 by performing recognition processing such as semantic segmentation.
- the recognition unit 73 based on the map accumulated in the map information accumulation unit 23, the estimation result of the self-position by the self-position estimation unit 71, and the recognition result of the object around the vehicle 1 by the recognition unit 73, Recognition processing of traffic rules around the vehicle 1 can be performed. Through this processing, the recognition unit 73 can recognize the position and state of traffic lights, the content of traffic signs and road markings, the content of traffic restrictions, the lanes in which the vehicle can travel, and the like.
- the recognition unit 73 can perform recognition processing of the environment around the vehicle 1 .
- the surrounding environment to be recognized by the recognition unit 73 includes the weather, temperature, humidity, brightness, road surface conditions, and the like.
- the action plan section 62 creates an action plan for the vehicle 1.
- the action planning unit 62 creates an action plan by performing route planning and route following processing.
- global path planning is the process of planning a rough path from the start to the goal. This route planning is called trajectory planning, and in the planned route, trajectory generation (local path planning) that allows safe and smooth progress in the vicinity of the vehicle 1 in consideration of the motion characteristics of the vehicle 1 is performed. It also includes the processing to be performed.
- Route following is the process of planning actions to safely and accurately travel the route planned by route planning within the planned time.
- the action planning unit 62 can, for example, calculate the target speed and target angular speed of the vehicle 1 based on the result of this route following processing.
- the motion control unit 63 controls the motion of the vehicle 1 in order to implement the action plan created by the action planning unit 62.
- the operation control unit 63 controls a steering control unit 81, a brake control unit 82, and a drive control unit 83 included in the vehicle control unit 32, which will be described later, so that the vehicle 1 can control the trajectory calculated by the trajectory plan. Acceleration/deceleration control and direction control are performed so as to advance.
- the operation control unit 63 performs coordinated control aimed at realizing ADAS functions such as collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, and vehicle lane departure warning.
- the operation control unit 63 performs cooperative control aimed at automatic driving in which the vehicle autonomously travels without depending on the driver's operation.
- the DMS 30 performs driver authentication processing, driver state recognition processing, etc., based on sensor data from the in-vehicle sensor 26 and input data input to the HMI 31, which will be described later.
- the driver's state to be recognized includes, for example, physical condition, alertness, concentration, fatigue, gaze direction, drunkenness, driving operation, posture, and the like.
- the DMS 30 may perform authentication processing for passengers other than the driver and processing for recognizing the state of the passenger. Further, for example, the DMS 30 may perform recognition processing of the situation inside the vehicle based on the sensor data from the sensor 26 inside the vehicle. Conditions inside the vehicle to be recognized include temperature, humidity, brightness, smell, and the like, for example.
- the HMI 31 inputs various data, instructions, etc., and presents various data to the driver.
- the HMI 31 comprises an input device for human input of data.
- the HMI 31 generates an input signal based on data, instructions, etc. input from an input device, and supplies the input signal to each section of the vehicle control system 11 .
- the HMI 31 includes operators such as a touch panel, buttons, switches, and levers as input devices.
- the HMI 31 is not limited to this, and may further include an input device capable of inputting information by a method other than manual operation using voice, gestures, or the like.
- the HMI 31 may use, as an input device, a remote control device using infrared rays or radio waves, or an external connection device such as a mobile device or wearable device corresponding to the operation of the vehicle control system 11 .
- the presentation of data by HMI31 will be briefly explained.
- the HMI 31 generates visual information, auditory information, and tactile information for the passenger or outside the vehicle.
- the HMI 31 performs output control for controlling the output, output content, output timing, output method, and the like of each generated information.
- the HMI 31 generates and outputs visual information such as an operation screen, a status display of the vehicle 1, a warning display, an image such as a monitor image showing the situation around the vehicle 1, and information indicated by light.
- the HMI 31 also generates and outputs information indicated by sounds such as voice guidance, warning sounds, warning messages, etc., as auditory information.
- the HMI 31 generates and outputs, as tactile information, information given to the passenger's tactile sense by force, vibration, movement, or the like.
- a display device that presents visual information by displaying an image by itself or a projector device that presents visual information by projecting an image can be applied.
- the display device displays visual information within the passenger's field of view, such as a head-up display, a transmissive display, and a wearable device with an AR (Augmented Reality) function. It may be a device.
- the HMI 31 can use a display device provided in the vehicle 1 such as a navigation device, an instrument panel, a CMS (Camera Monitoring System), an electronic mirror, a lamp, etc., as an output device for outputting visual information.
- Audio speakers, headphones, and earphones can be applied as output devices for the HMI 31 to output auditory information.
- a haptic element using haptic technology can be applied as an output device for the HMI 31 to output tactile information.
- a haptic element is provided at a portion of the vehicle 1 that is in contact with a passenger, such as a steering wheel or a seat.
- the vehicle control unit 32 controls each unit of the vehicle 1.
- the vehicle control section 32 includes a steering control section 81 , a brake control section 82 , a drive control section 83 , a body system control section 84 , a light control section 85 and a horn control section 86 .
- the steering control unit 81 detects and controls the state of the steering system of the vehicle 1 .
- the steering system includes, for example, a steering mechanism including a steering wheel, an electric power steering, and the like.
- the steering control unit 81 includes, for example, a steering ECU that controls the steering system, an actuator that drives the steering system, and the like.
- the brake control unit 82 detects and controls the state of the brake system of the vehicle 1 .
- the brake system includes, for example, a brake mechanism including a brake pedal, an ABS (Antilock Brake System), a regenerative brake mechanism, and the like.
- the brake control unit 82 includes, for example, a brake ECU that controls the brake system, an actuator that drives the brake system, and the like.
- the drive control unit 83 detects and controls the state of the drive system of the vehicle 1 .
- the drive system includes, for example, an accelerator pedal, a driving force generator for generating driving force such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, and a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels.
- the drive control unit 83 includes, for example, a drive ECU that controls the drive system, an actuator that drives the drive system, and the like.
- the body system control unit 84 detects and controls the state of the body system of the vehicle 1 .
- the body system includes, for example, a keyless entry system, smart key system, power window device, power seat, air conditioner, air bag, seat belt, shift lever, and the like.
- the body system control unit 84 includes, for example, a body system ECU that controls the body system, an actuator that drives the body system, and the like.
- the light control unit 85 detects and controls the states of various lights of the vehicle 1 .
- Lights to be controlled include, for example, headlights, backlights, fog lights, turn signals, brake lights, projections, bumper displays, and the like.
- the light control unit 85 includes a light ECU that controls the light, an actuator that drives the light, and the like.
- the horn control unit 86 detects and controls the state of the car horn of the vehicle 1 .
- the horn control unit 86 includes, for example, a horn ECU for controlling the car horn, an actuator for driving the car horn, and the like.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example of sensing areas by the camera 51, radar 52, LiDAR 53, ultrasonic sensor 54, etc. of the external recognition sensor 25 in FIG. 30 schematically shows the vehicle 1 viewed from above, the left end side being the front end (front) side of the vehicle 1, and the right end side being the rear end (rear) side of the vehicle 1.
- a sensing area 101F and a sensing area 101B are examples of sensing areas of the ultrasonic sensor 54.
- FIG. The sensing area 101 ⁇ /b>F covers the periphery of the front end of the vehicle 1 with a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 54 .
- the sensing area 101B covers the periphery of the rear end of the vehicle 1 with a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 54 .
- the sensing results in the sensing area 101F and the sensing area 101B are used, for example, for parking assistance of the vehicle 1 and the like.
- Sensing areas 102F to 102B show examples of sensing areas of the radar 52 for short or medium range.
- the sensing area 102F covers the front of the vehicle 1 to a position farther than the sensing area 101F.
- the sensing area 102B covers the rear of the vehicle 1 to a position farther than the sensing area 101B.
- the sensing area 102L covers the rear periphery of the left side surface of the vehicle 1 .
- the sensing area 102R covers the rear periphery of the right side surface of the vehicle 1 .
- the sensing result in the sensing area 102F is used, for example, to detect vehicles, pedestrians, etc. existing in front of the vehicle 1.
- the sensing result in the sensing area 102B is used, for example, for the rear collision prevention function of the vehicle 1 or the like.
- the sensing results in the sensing area 102L and the sensing area 102R are used, for example, to detect an object in a blind spot on the side of the vehicle 1, or the like.
- Sensing areas 103F to 103B show examples of sensing areas by the camera 51 .
- the sensing area 103F covers the front of the vehicle 1 to a position farther than the sensing area 102F.
- the sensing area 103B covers the rear of the vehicle 1 to a position farther than the sensing area 102B.
- the sensing area 103L covers the periphery of the left side surface of the vehicle 1 .
- the sensing area 103R covers the periphery of the right side surface of the vehicle 1 .
- the sensing results in the sensing area 103F can be used, for example, for recognition of traffic lights and traffic signs, lane departure prevention support systems, and automatic headlight control systems.
- a sensing result in the sensing area 103B can be used for parking assistance and a surround view system, for example.
- Sensing results in the sensing area 103L and the sensing area 103R can be used, for example, in a surround view system.
- the sensing area 104 shows an example of the sensing area of the LiDAR53.
- the sensing area 104 covers the front of the vehicle 1 to a position farther than the sensing area 103F.
- the sensing area 104 has a narrower lateral range than the sensing area 103F.
- the sensing results in the sensing area 104 are used, for example, to detect objects such as surrounding vehicles.
- a sensing area 105 shows an example of a sensing area of the long-range radar 52 .
- the sensing area 105 covers the front of the vehicle 1 to a position farther than the sensing area 104 .
- the sensing area 105 has a narrower lateral range than the sensing area 104 .
- the sensing results in the sensing area 105 are used, for example, for ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control), emergency braking, and collision avoidance.
- ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
- emergency braking emergency braking
- collision avoidance collision avoidance
- the sensing regions of the cameras 51, the radar 52, the LiDAR 53, and the ultrasonic sensors 54 included in the external recognition sensor 25 may have various configurations other than those shown in FIG. Specifically, the ultrasonic sensor 54 may also sense the sides of the vehicle 1 , and the LiDAR 53 may sense the rear of the vehicle 1 . Moreover, the installation position of each sensor is not limited to each example mentioned above. Also, the number of each sensor may be one or plural.
- the antenna device having the structure in which the gap waveguide and the microstrip line are connected using the EBG element suppresses the side leakage of the electric field by the EBG element, and the Since the electric field can be converted into the electric field in the substrate, it is possible to convert between the gap waveguide and the microstrip line with a simple configuration.
- the technology of the present disclosure also allows the incorporation of a low-loss, high-performance MRGW structure on a single substrate. Furthermore, it can be applied to circuits of various devices such as radio communication devices and transmission devices as well as radar devices using antenna devices.
- a substrate including a conductor layer; a first conductor pattern disposed on the surface of the substrate; a connection portion that connects the first conductor pattern to the conductor layer; a second conductor pattern having one end connected to one end of the first conductor pattern, having a length of approximately 1/4 or more of the operating wavelength, and disposed on the surface of the substrate; a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap elements arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the first conductor pattern on the substrate; a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap elements arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the second conductor pattern on the substrate; a conductor plate facing the first conductor pattern; a third conductor pattern having one end connected to the other end of the second conductor pattern and arranged on the surface of the substrate; Antenna device with [Item 2] 2.
- the antenna device according to item 1, wherein the plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap elements are arranged at positions closer than 1/4 wavelength from the second conductor pattern.
- the second conductor pattern has a first portion on the first conductor pattern side of the second conductor pattern and a second portion on the opposite side of the first portion, The antenna device according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the first portion faces the conductor plate, and the second portion does not face the conductor plate.
- Item 5 Item 5.
- the antenna device according to Item 4, wherein the conductor plate has a shape in which a portion facing the second portion is cut away.
- the substrate further comprises a dielectric layer;
- the first conductor pattern is provided on the surface of the dielectric layer, 6.
- the substrate further comprises a dielectric layer;
- the antenna device according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the first conductor pattern, the second conductor pattern, and the third conductor pattern are provided on the surface of the dielectric layer.
- the conductor layer is a first conductor layer connected to the first conductor pattern by the connection portion; a second conductor layer provided in a layer different from the first conductor layer; Item 9.
- a transmission line is formed by the third conductor pattern, a portion of the conductor layer facing the third conductor pattern, and a portion of the dielectric layer between the third conductor pattern and the portion of the conductor layer. 10.
- [Item 11] The antenna device according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the width of the second conductor pattern is narrower than the width of the first conductor pattern.
- [Item 12] 12 12.
- the antenna device according to item 11, wherein the second conductor pattern has a tapered shape from the first conductor pattern toward the third conductor pattern.
- [Item 13] 13 13.
- the antenna device according to item 11 or 12 wherein the width of the third conductor pattern is narrower than the width of the first conductor pattern.
- [Item 14] 14 14. The antenna device according to any one of items 1 to 13, wherein an air layer is provided between the substrate and the conductor plate. [Item 15] 15. The antenna device according to any one of items 1 to 14, further comprising a dielectric layer between the substrate and the conductor plate. [Item 16] The first conductor pattern is provided on the surface of the conductor layer, The antenna device according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein the connecting portion is a contact surface that contacts the conductor layer of the first conductor pattern. [Item 17] 17. The antenna device according to any one of items 1 to 16, wherein the conductor plate has a slot for radiating radio waves in a portion facing the first conductor pattern.
- the antenna device is a substrate including a conductor layer; a first conductor pattern disposed on the surface of the substrate; a connection portion that connects the first conductor pattern to the conductor layer; a second conductor pattern having one end connected to one end of the first conductor pattern and having a length of approximately 1/4 or more of the operating wavelength; a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap elements arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the first conductor pattern on the substrate; a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap elements arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the second conductor pattern on the substrate; a conductor plate facing the first conductor pattern; a third conductor pattern having one end connected to the other end of the second conductor pattern and arranged on the surface of the substrate; radar device.
- a substrate including a conductor layer; a first conductor pattern disposed on the surface of the substrate; a connection portion that connects the first conductor pattern to the conductor layer; a second conductor pattern having one end connected to one end of the first conductor pattern, having a length of approximately 1/4 or more of the operating wavelength, and disposed on the surface of the substrate; a plurality of first electromagnetic bandgap elements arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the first conductor pattern on the substrate; a plurality of second electromagnetic bandgap elements arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the second conductor pattern on the substrate; a conductor plate facing the first conductor pattern; a third conductor pattern having one end connected to the other end of the second conductor pattern and arranged on the surface of the substrate; transmission equipment with [Item 20] receiving a signal by radio waves through a slot provided in a conductor plate facing the surface of the substrate; The signal is transmitted by a first electric field formed between the conductor plate and a first conductor pattern provided on the
- a second conductor pattern having a length of approximately 1/4 or more of an operating wavelength, one end of which is connected to one end of the first conductor pattern after the signal is transmitted by the first electric field; transmitted by a second electric field formed between a portion of the conductor layer facing the second conductor pattern and each of the conductor plates; After transmitting the signal by the second electric field, the signal is transferred to a third conductor pattern, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the second conductor pattern, and the conductor facing the third conductor pattern.
- antenna device 2000 radar device 3000 wireless communication device 200 substrate 201 conductor pattern 201A first conductor pattern 201B second conductor pattern 201B_1 first portion 201B_2 second portion 201C third conductor pattern 201C_1 body portion 201C_2 connection portion 201C_3 tip portion 202 dielectric Layer 203 Conductor layer 203C Interlayer connection portion 203_P Connection portion 204 Vias 205, 206 Electromagnetic bandgap element (EBG element) 205A, 206A Conductor pieces 205B, 206B Via 207 Projection 208 EBG element 209 Substrate 210 Line (microstrip line) 300 Structure 301 Conductor Plate 302 Slot 303 Notch 304 Projection 305 Dielectric Layer 400 IC Chip 1 Vehicle 11 Vehicle Control System 21 Vehicle Control ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 22 communication unit 23 map information storage unit 24 position information acquisition unit 25 external recognition sensor 26 in-vehicle sensor 27 vehicle sensor 28 storage unit 29 driving support/automatic driving control unit 30 driver monitoring system (DM
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Abstract
Description
1.本開示の実施形態の詳細
2.変形例
3.無線通信装置の概要
4.車両制御システムの構成例
5.まとめ
6.補足
以下に説明する本開示の実施形態は、ギャップ導波路を簡単な接続構造により伝送線路に接続したアンテナ装置、及び当該アンテナ装置を備えたレーダ装置に関する。まず、図1及び図2を参照して、本開示の実施形態におけるアンテナ装置1000及びレーダ装置2000の概要を説明する。図1は、本開示の実施形態に係るアンテナ装置を含むレーダ装置の概略平面図である。図2は、アンテナ装置1000を含むレーダ装置2000の概略断面図である。図3は、図1の装置においてスロット240が形成された部分の拡大図である。図4は、図3の構成において導体板301を取り除いた構成を示す図である。図5は、図3において導体板のみを取り出して示した図である。
続いて、図19から図27を参照して、本開示の実施形態におけるアンテナ装置1000及びレーダ装置2000の概要を説明する。
続いて、図1を参照して、本開示の実施形態におけるアンテナ装置1000を備える無線通信装置3000の概要を説明する。無線通信装置3000におけるICチップ400は、レーダ送受信回路としての機能に替えて又は加えて、例えば5G通信システムに用いる無線信号をアンテナ装置1000に送信又は受信させる無線通信回路としての機能を有する。また、無線通信装置3000は、無線通信用の電波をアンテナ装置1000を介して送受信する。無線通信装置3000は無線通信用の信号をビームにより送信又は受信してもよい。
図29は、本技術が適用される移動装置制御システムの一例である車両制御システム11の構成例を示すブロック図である。
以上のように、本開示の技術によれば、ギャップ導波路とマイクロストリップ線路とをEBG素子を用いて接続する構造を有するアンテナ装置により、EBG素子によって電界の横漏れを抑制しつつ基板上の電界と基板内の電界と変換することができることから、簡単な構成でありつつ、ギャップ導波路とマイクロストリップ線路間を変換することができる。また、本開示の技術によれば、1枚の基板上に低損失で高性能なMRGW構造を組み込むこともできる。さらに、アンテナ装置を用いたレーダ装置だけでなく無線通信装置又は伝送装置等の様々な装置の回路に適用することもできる。
以上、添付図面を参照しながら本開示の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明したが、本開示の技術的範囲はかかる例に限定されない。本開示の技術分野における通常の知識を有する者であれば、特許請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想の範疇内において、各種の変更例又は修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、これらについても、当然に本開示の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。
[項目1]
導体層を含む基板と、
前記基板の表面に配置された第1導体パターンと、
前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する接続部と、
一端側が前記第1導体パターンの一端側に接続され、動作波長の略1/4以上の長さを有し、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第2導体パターンと、
前記基板において前記第1導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第1電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記基板において前記第2導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記第1導体パターンに対向する導体板と、
一端側が前記第2導体パターンの他端側に接続され、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第3導体パターンと、
を備えたアンテナ装置。
[項目2]
前記複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子は、前記第2導体パターンからの距離が1/4波長より近い位置に配置される
項目1に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目3]
前記第1、第2および第3導体パターンは、マイクロストリップ線路である
項目1又は2に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目4]
前記第2導体パターンは、前記第2導体パターンの前記第1導体パターン側の第1部分と、前記第1部分と反対側の第2部分とを有し、
前記第1部分は前記導体板と対向し、前記第2部分は前記導体板と対向しない
項目1~3のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目5]
前記導体板は、前記第2部分と対向する部分において切り欠かれた形状を有する
項目4に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目6]
前記基板は誘電体層をさらに含み、
前記第1導体パターンは前記誘電体層の表面に設けられ、
前記接続部は、前記誘電体層を貫通し、前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する複数のビアを含む
項目1~5のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目7]
前記第1電磁バンドギャップ素子及び前記第2電磁バンドギャップ素子のそれぞれは、
前記誘電体層の前記表面に設けられた導体片と、
前記誘電体層を貫通し、前記導体片及び前記導体層間を接続する複数のビアと
を含む
項目6に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目8]
前記基板は誘電体層をさらに含み、
前記第1導体パターン、前記第2導体パターン及び前記第3導体パターンは前記誘電体層の表面に設けられる
項目1~7のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目9]
前記導体層は、
前記接続部によって前記第1導体パターンに接続される第1導体層と、
前記第1導体層と異なる層に設けられた第2導体層と、
前記第1導体層と前記第2導体層間を接続する層間接続部とを含む
項目8に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目10]
前記第3導体パターンと、前記第3導体パターンに対向する前記導体層の部分と、前記第3導体パターンと前記導体層の前記部分との間の前記誘電体層の部分と、によって伝送線路が形成される
項目8又は9に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目11]
前記第2導体パターンの幅は、第1導体パターンの幅よりも細い
項目1~10のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目12]
前記第2導体パターンは、前記第1導体パターンから前記第3導体パターンの方向にテーパした形状を有する
項目11に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目13]
前記第3導体パターンの幅は、前記第1導体パターンの幅よりも細い
項目11又は12に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目14]
前記基板と前記導体板との間に空気層を有する
項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目15]
前記基板と前記導体板との間に誘電体層を有する
項目1~14のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目16]
前記第1導体パターンは前記導体層の表面に設けられ、
前記接続部は、前記第1導体パターンの前記導体層と接触する接触面である
項目1~15のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目17]
前記導体板は、前記第1導体パターンに対向する部分において電波を放射するスロットを有する
項目1~16のいずれか一項に記載のアンテナ装置。
[項目18]
アンテナ装置と、
レーダ波を前記アンテナ装置に送信又は受信させるレーダ送受信回路と、を備え、
前記アンテナ装置は、
導体層を含む基板と、
前記基板の表面に配置された第1導体パターンと、
前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する接続部と、
一端側が前記第1導体パターンの一端側に接続され、動作波長の略1/4以上の長さを有する第2導体パターンと、
前記基板において前記第1導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第1電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記基板において前記第2導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記第1導体パターンに対向する導体板と、
一端側が前記第2導体パターンの他端側に接続され、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第3導体パターンと、
を備えるレーダ装置。
[項目19]
導体層を含む基板と、
前記基板の表面に配置された第1導体パターンと、
前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する接続部と、
一端側が前記第1導体パターンの一端側に接続され、動作波長の略1/4以上の長さを有し、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第2導体パターンと、
前記基板において前記第1導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第1電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記基板において前記第2導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記第1導体パターンに対向する導体板と、
一端側が前記第2導体パターンの他端側に接続され、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第3導体パターンと、
を備えた伝送装置。
[項目20]
基板の表面に対向する導体板に設けられたスロットを介して電波による信号を受信し、
前記信号を、前記基板の前記表面に設けられかつ前記導体板の導体層に接続部を介して接続された第1導体パターンと、前記導体板との間に形成される第1電界により伝送し、
前記信号を前記第1電界により伝送した後、前記信号を、一端側が前記第1導体パターンの一端側に接続される、動作波長の略1/4以上の長さを有する第2導体パターンと、前記第2導体パターンに対向する前記導体層の一部及び前記導体板のそれぞれとの間に形成される第2電界により伝送し、
前記第2電界により前記信号を伝送した後、前記信号を、一端側が前記第2導体パターンの他端側に電気的に接続される第3導体パターンと、前記第3導体パターンに対向する前記導体層の一部との間に形成される第3電界により伝送する
信号受信方法。
2000 レーダ装置
3000 無線通信装置
200 基板
201 導体パターン
201A 第1導体パターン
201B 第2導体パターン
201B_1 第1部分
201B_2 第2部分
201C 第3導体パターン
201C_1 本体部
201C_2 接続部
201C_3 先端部
202 誘電体層
203 導体層
203C 層間接続部
203_P 接続部
204 ビア
205、206 電磁バンドギャップ素子(EBG素子)
205A、206A 導体片
205B、206B ビア
207 突出部
208 EBG素子
209 基板
210 線路(マイクロストリップ線路)
300 構造体
301 導体板
302 スロット
303 切り欠き
304 突起部
305 誘電体層
400 ICチップ
1 車両
11 車両制御システム
21 車両制御ECU(Electronic Control Unit)
22 通信部
23 地図情報蓄積部
24 位置情報取得部
25 外部認識センサ
26 車内センサ
27 車両センサ
28 記憶部
29 走行支援・自動運転制御部
30 ドライバモニタリングシステム(DMS)
31 ヒューマンマシーンインタフェース(HMI)
32 車両制御部
41 通信ネットワーク
51 カメラ
52 レーダ
53 LiDAR
54 超音波センサ
61 分析部
62 行動計画部
63 動作制御部
71 自己位置推定部
72 センサフュージョン部
73 認識部
81 ステアリング制御部
82 ブレーキ制御部
83 駆動制御部
84 ボディ系制御部
85 ライト制御部
86 ホーン制御部
Claims (19)
- 導体層を含む基板と、
前記基板の表面に配置された第1導体パターンと、
前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する接続部と、
一端側が前記第1導体パターンの一端側に接続され、動作波長の略1/4以上の長さを有し、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第2導体パターンと、
前記基板において前記第1導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第1電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記基板において前記第2導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記第1導体パターンに対向する導体板と、
一端側が前記第2導体パターンの他端側に接続され、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第3導体パターンと、
を備えたアンテナ装置。 - 前記複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子は、前記第2導体パターンからの距離が1/4波長より近い位置に配置される
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第1、第2および第3導体パターンは、マイクロストリップ線路である
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第2導体パターンは、前記第2導体パターンの前記第1導体パターン側の第1部分と、前記第1部分と反対側の第2部分とを有し、
前記第1部分は前記導体板と対向し、前記第2部分は前記導体板と対向しない
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記導体板は、前記第2部分と対向する部分において切り欠かれた形状を有する
請求項4に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記基板は誘電体層をさらに含み、
前記第1導体パターンは前記誘電体層の表面に設けられ、
前記接続部は、前記誘電体層を貫通し、前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する複数のビアを含む
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第1電磁バンドギャップ素子及び前記第2電磁バンドギャップ素子のそれぞれは、
前記誘電体層の前記表面に設けられた導体片と、
前記誘電体層を貫通し、前記導体片及び前記導体層間を接続する複数のビアと
を含む
請求項6に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記基板は誘電体層をさらに含み、
前記第1導体パターン、前記第2導体パターン及び前記第3導体パターンは前記誘電体層の表面に設けられる
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記導体層は、
前記接続部によって前記第1導体パターンに接続される第1導体層と、
前記第1導体層と異なる層に設けられた第2導体層と、
前記第1導体層と前記第2導体層間を接続する層間接続部とを含む
請求項8に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第3導体パターンと、前記第3導体パターンに対向する前記導体層の部分と、前記第3導体パターンと前記導体層の前記部分との間の前記誘電体層の部分と、によって伝送線路が形成される
請求項8に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第2導体パターンの幅は、第1導体パターンの幅よりも細い
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第2導体パターンは、前記第1導体パターンから前記第3導体パターンの方向にテーパした形状を有する
請求項11に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第3導体パターンの幅は、前記第1導体パターンの幅よりも細い
請求項11に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記基板と前記導体板との間に空気層を有する
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記基板と前記導体板との間に誘電体層を有する
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記第1導体パターンは前記導体層の表面に設けられ、
前記接続部は、前記第1導体パターンの前記導体層と接触する接触面である
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - 前記導体板は、前記第1導体パターンに対向する部分において電波を放射するスロットを有する
請求項1に記載のアンテナ装置。 - アンテナ装置と、
レーダ波を前記アンテナ装置に送信又は受信させるレーダ送受信回路と、を備え、
前記アンテナ装置は、
導体層を含む基板と、
前記基板の表面に配置された第1導体パターンと、
前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する接続部と、
一端側が前記第1導体パターンの一端側に接続され、動作波長の略1/4以上の長さを有する第2導体パターンと、
前記基板において前記第1導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第1電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記基板において前記第2導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記第1導体パターンに対向する導体板と、
一端側が前記第2導体パターンの他端側に接続され、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第3導体パターンと、
を備えるレーダ装置。 - 導体層を含む基板と、
前記基板の表面に配置された第1導体パターンと、
前記第1導体パターンを前記導体層に接続する接続部と、
一端側が前記第1導体パターンの一端側に接続され、動作波長の略1/4以上の長さを有し、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第2導体パターンと、
前記基板において前記第1導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第1電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記基板において前記第2導体パターンの長手方向の両側に配置された複数の第2電磁バンドギャップ素子と、
前記第1導体パターンに対向する導体板と、
一端側が前記第2導体パターンの他端側に接続され、前記基板の前記表面に配置された第3導体パターンと、
を備えた伝送装置。
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| US18/832,944 US12580318B2 (en) | 2022-02-04 | 2023-02-01 | Antenna device, radar device, and transfer device |
| CN202380018884.0A CN118633207A (zh) | 2022-02-04 | 2023-02-01 | 天线装置、雷达装置和传送装置 |
| EP23749807.6A EP4475332A4 (en) | 2022-02-04 | 2023-02-01 | Antenna device, radar device, and transmission device |
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| EP4475332A4 (en) | 2025-05-07 |
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| CN118633207A (zh) | 2024-09-10 |
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